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♪♪
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[Birds chirping]
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Attenborough:
Almost 200 years ago,
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whilst walking these very paths
in the English countryside
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and observing the banks
and meadows near his home,
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Charles Darwin developed
his groundbreaking ideas
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about evolution,
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casting a new light
on the natural world
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and opening our eyes
to its true wonder.
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Since then, we've explored
almost every part of the planet
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and seen nature
in its astounding variety.
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But there's still
much to discover.
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♪♪
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In this new series
of "Planet Earth,"
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we travel to the most
astonishing wild places,
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see mysterious creatures,
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witness spectacular wonders
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and reveal breathtaking
animal dramas.
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♪♪
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[Roars]
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♪♪
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The natural world
continues to surprise us.
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♪♪
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But since Darwin's time,
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it has changed
beyond recognition.
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Transformed by
a powerful force -- us.
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We will see how animals are
adapting in extraordinary ways
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to survive
the new challenges they face.
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At this crucial time
in our history,
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we must now look at the world
through a new lens.
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This is "Planet Earth III."
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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[Water crashing]
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Tasmania,
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Shipstern Bluff,
where two worlds collide.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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These waves have cost more than
a thousand miles of open ocean.
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Building in strength.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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It's here that they meet
their explosive end.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Coasts are dangerous
and dynamic frontiers.
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To succeed here, life must adapt
to constant change.
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[Birds chirping]
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South Africa's
Robberg Peninsula.
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Thousands of cape fur seals
gather here to breed.
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[Seals calling]
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This pup was born
into a crowded world.
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[Calling continues]
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But now at nearly a year old,
he can escape to the water.
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He just has to get there.
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♪♪
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[Seal calls]
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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There is no question as to
where this pup belongs.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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In the water he's fast
and agile.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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And he needs to be.
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The rolling surf conceals
life-threatening dangers.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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[Seal cries]
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♪♪
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A great white shark.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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This young pup has had
a very lucky escape.
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♪♪
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Narrator: Join us on
an extraordinary journey...
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♪♪
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...to a world
never revealed before.
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♪♪
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Who knows what is still
out there to be discovered.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Here on Africa's southern coast,
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seals risk their lives
every time they set out to eat.
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Powerful ocean currents
attract huge shoals of fish.
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♪♪
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But in recent years this stretch
has attracted increased
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numbers of great whites, too.
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♪♪
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The great whites
are shrewd hunters
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and use whatever cover
is available.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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[Seals calling]
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♪♪
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This shark won't need to eat
for another few days.
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♪♪
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But he's not alone.
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These usually solitary hunters
are gathering
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in unprecedented numbers.
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A dozen at a time.
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[Birds chirping]
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♪♪
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♪♪
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The seals are nimble.
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♪♪
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00:10:23,020 --> 00:10:24,460
But great whites are patient.
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♪♪
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And have explosive acceleration.
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Hitting top speed with just
five swipes of their tails.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Cornered, the seals keep close
to the jagged cliffs.
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♪♪
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They're trapped.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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[Birds chirping]
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♪♪
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♪♪
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But as the great whites move in
for the kill,
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the seals do something
astonishing.
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00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:06,820
Together,
they turn on their enemy.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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As more join, the mob grows.
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In both number and confidence.
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♪♪
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00:12:35,660 --> 00:12:40,340
♪♪
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The tables are turning.
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♪♪
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00:12:51,980 --> 00:12:59,060
♪♪
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00:12:59,260 --> 00:13:08,580
♪♪
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00:13:08,780 --> 00:13:11,380
By sheer force of numbers,
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these fur seals drive the
world's most notorious predator
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back out to sea.
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♪♪
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Here, animals are adapting
to new challenges
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00:13:31,820 --> 00:13:34,560
in a rapidly changing world.
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00:13:43,040 --> 00:13:49,200
In the Arctic, monumental change
is a regular event.
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00:13:56,960 --> 00:14:02,100
Summer, visitors are arriving
en masse,
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00:14:02,300 --> 00:14:05,820
attracted by the biggest
seasonal transformation
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on any coast on Earth.
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♪♪
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00:14:13,700 --> 00:14:18,860
♪♪
157
00:14:19,060 --> 00:14:23,940
Over 300 billion tons of ice
are melting.
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00:14:24,140 --> 00:14:28,060
♪♪
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00:14:28,260 --> 00:14:31,500
Releasing nutrient rich water.
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♪♪
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00:14:35,700 --> 00:14:39,180
Extraordinary newcomers appear
from the depths.
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♪♪
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00:14:43,660 --> 00:14:50,460
♪♪
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A sea angel.
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No bigger
than your little finger.
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♪♪
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It's eaten little for months.
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Its empty stomach glows orange.
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♪♪
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00:15:23,180 --> 00:15:25,300
And there are other
hungry arrivals.
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♪♪
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A sea butterfly.
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A snail with wings.
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♪♪
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Both angel and butterfly
are blind.
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But each monitor's minute
changes in the water
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as they search for a meal.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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00:16:12,060 --> 00:16:15,240
This angel has a devilish side.
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Its mouth parts invert to form
a deadly trap of tentacles.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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From which there is little
chance of escape.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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With a stomach full of prey,
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this angel has lost its glow,
but not its appetite.
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♪♪
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It feasts while it can.
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♪♪
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Both predator and prey
will soon return to the depths
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before the ice transforms
this coast once again.
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♪♪
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[Wind gusting]
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Namibia, where desert lions roam
across vast territories.
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00:18:14,260 --> 00:18:16,040
[Lion growls]
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00:18:22,920 --> 00:18:28,080
These desert cats are on
a never ending search for food.
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00:18:33,760 --> 00:18:38,660
And that has brought
these young sisters.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Africa's infamous
Skeleton Coast.
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♪♪
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Following years of persecution,
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Namibia's lions
are now protected
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00:19:05,100 --> 00:19:09,340
and their range
is expanding again.
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These are the first to be seen
on these shores for 40 years.
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[Lion growls]
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By day there is little
for them here.
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00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:28,720
But at night,
it's a different story.
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[Birds chirping]
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00:19:34,300 --> 00:19:38,140
♪♪
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00:19:38,340 --> 00:19:43,140
Seabirds come here to roost
in the thousands.
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♪♪
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00:19:48,500 --> 00:19:53,580
♪♪
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00:19:53,780 --> 00:19:58,460
These hungry sisters have never
seen an opportunity like this.
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00:19:58,660 --> 00:20:02,540
♪♪
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00:20:02,740 --> 00:20:05,860
But no cats,
certainly no desert cats,
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enjoy getting their paws wet.
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[Lion grunts]
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♪♪
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00:20:15,380 --> 00:20:22,100
♪♪
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00:20:22,300 --> 00:20:27,700
These roosting cormorants
are sitting ducks for hunters
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00:20:27,900 --> 00:20:29,580
with good night vision.
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00:20:29,780 --> 00:20:34,700
♪♪
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00:20:34,900 --> 00:20:40,100
♪♪
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00:20:40,300 --> 00:20:41,460
In theory.
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00:20:41,660 --> 00:20:46,660
♪♪
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00:20:46,860 --> 00:20:51,020
♪♪
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00:20:51,220 --> 00:20:53,980
Birds are not a big cats
usual prey,
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00:20:54,180 --> 00:20:58,100
let alone sea birds.
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00:20:58,300 --> 00:21:00,500
And these sisters need
to get their iron.
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00:21:00,700 --> 00:21:09,020
♪♪
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00:21:09,220 --> 00:21:18,260
♪♪
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00:21:18,460 --> 00:21:27,180
♪♪
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00:21:27,380 --> 00:21:30,660
♪♪
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00:21:30,860 --> 00:21:32,160
[Bird chirps]
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00:21:34,080 --> 00:21:39,060
Catching flying prey in the dark
is not easy,
242
00:21:39,260 --> 00:21:42,640
but these lions
have acquired the knack.
243
00:21:47,320 --> 00:21:50,380
♪♪
244
00:21:50,580 --> 00:21:52,140
[Whale calling]
245
00:21:52,340 --> 00:21:59,180
♪♪
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00:21:59,380 --> 00:22:03,340
This female southern right whale
is nearing the end of
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00:22:03,540 --> 00:22:07,140
a 5,000-mile journey
across open ocean.
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00:22:07,340 --> 00:22:15,020
♪♪
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00:22:15,220 --> 00:22:20,340
♪♪
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00:22:20,540 --> 00:22:24,420
She's kept a steady course
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00:22:24,620 --> 00:22:27,780
to a special place
she has known all her life.
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00:22:27,980 --> 00:22:32,900
♪♪
253
00:22:33,100 --> 00:22:36,140
Peninsula Valdés, Argentina.
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00:22:36,340 --> 00:22:45,260
♪♪
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00:22:45,460 --> 00:22:53,500
♪♪
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00:22:53,700 --> 00:22:59,340
♪♪
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00:22:59,540 --> 00:23:06,000
In these calm, shallow waters,
her behavior starts to change.
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00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:11,500
She rolls and shifts
her great body.
259
00:23:11,700 --> 00:23:15,820
♪♪
260
00:23:16,020 --> 00:23:19,000
Perhaps she's trying
to get comfortable.
261
00:23:26,840 --> 00:23:28,260
[Whale cries]
262
00:23:28,460 --> 00:23:37,300
♪♪
263
00:23:37,500 --> 00:23:40,940
♪♪
264
00:23:41,140 --> 00:23:46,780
[Whales crying]
265
00:23:46,980 --> 00:23:49,240
Other females are close by.
266
00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:57,540
Some have been coming here
for five decades.
267
00:23:57,740 --> 00:24:02,280
Seeking the shelter of this bay
at a key time in their lives.
268
00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:07,440
[Whales calling]
269
00:24:19,320 --> 00:24:24,180
This whale is here
to give birth.
270
00:24:24,380 --> 00:24:33,100
♪♪
271
00:24:33,300 --> 00:24:39,660
♪♪
272
00:24:39,860 --> 00:24:49,460
♪♪
273
00:24:49,660 --> 00:24:54,700
♪♪
274
00:24:54,900 --> 00:24:57,140
A new life begins.
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00:24:57,340 --> 00:25:02,740
♪♪
276
00:25:02,940 --> 00:25:09,020
♪♪
277
00:25:09,220 --> 00:25:12,760
The calf is totally dependent
on its mother.
278
00:25:15,240 --> 00:25:20,160
She's producing as much
as 200 liters of milk a day.
279
00:25:22,280 --> 00:25:26,180
The strength she loses,
the calf gains.
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00:25:26,380 --> 00:25:32,420
♪♪
281
00:25:32,620 --> 00:25:37,180
And it becomes more and more
independent and playful.
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00:25:37,380 --> 00:25:47,540
♪♪
283
00:25:47,740 --> 00:25:52,340
In this nursery bay,
there are plenty of playmates.
284
00:25:52,540 --> 00:26:02,100
♪♪
285
00:26:02,300 --> 00:26:06,220
But a mother never lets
her calf stray too far.
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00:26:06,420 --> 00:26:14,100
♪♪
287
00:26:14,300 --> 00:26:17,060
And will always offer
a welcome embrace.
288
00:26:17,260 --> 00:26:23,100
♪♪
289
00:26:23,300 --> 00:26:29,300
♪♪
290
00:26:29,500 --> 00:26:37,420
The family keeps in constant
contact with whispered calls.
291
00:26:37,620 --> 00:26:41,780
New research has revealed that
in shallow coastal waters there
292
00:26:41,980 --> 00:26:45,100
calls not only fade quickly,
293
00:26:45,300 --> 00:26:48,620
but are also concealed
by the sound of waves
294
00:26:48,820 --> 00:26:50,280
breaking on the shore.
295
00:26:55,920 --> 00:27:00,040
So they won't attract
the attention of predators.
296
00:27:04,960 --> 00:27:09,240
Not so long ago, these whales
faced a grave threat.
297
00:27:12,200 --> 00:27:15,240
They were hunted
to near extinction.
298
00:27:18,240 --> 00:27:23,000
But 40 years ago,
commercial whaling was banned.
299
00:27:26,040 --> 00:27:31,020
Today, their population
is 12,000 strong.
300
00:27:31,220 --> 00:27:34,820
And this bay now attracts
one of the largest gatherings
301
00:27:35,020 --> 00:27:37,260
of these whales
anywhere on Earth.
302
00:27:37,460 --> 00:27:46,700
♪♪
303
00:27:46,900 --> 00:27:54,640
♪♪
304
00:27:59,480 --> 00:28:05,780
There are over a million miles
of coastline around the world.
305
00:28:05,980 --> 00:28:09,420
Together, they constitute
the most varied habitat
306
00:28:09,620 --> 00:28:11,160
on the planet.
307
00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:17,100
Here on Canada's west coast,
308
00:28:17,300 --> 00:28:20,740
some of the most powerful
of all ocean currents
309
00:28:20,940 --> 00:28:23,900
deliver a constant supply
of nutrients
310
00:28:24,100 --> 00:28:27,160
to the shores
of countless islands.
311
00:28:31,560 --> 00:28:33,280
[Birds chirping]
312
00:28:40,560 --> 00:28:45,180
And those that live here
take full advantage.
313
00:28:45,380 --> 00:28:51,060
♪♪
314
00:28:51,260 --> 00:28:56,260
This is the aptly named
wandering garter snake.
315
00:28:56,460 --> 00:29:05,260
♪♪
316
00:29:05,460 --> 00:29:14,220
♪♪
317
00:29:14,420 --> 00:29:19,300
He may seem out of place,
but he's here to eat.
318
00:29:19,500 --> 00:29:24,220
♪♪
319
00:29:24,420 --> 00:29:30,940
♪♪
320
00:29:31,140 --> 00:29:35,760
The water here is more than 10
degrees colder than the air.
321
00:29:41,920 --> 00:29:45,860
But that doesn't deter
this intrepid hunter
322
00:29:46,060 --> 00:29:48,120
from taking the plunge.
323
00:29:53,360 --> 00:29:59,060
Under the water,
there is an abundance of food.
324
00:29:59,260 --> 00:30:00,940
If you can catch it.
325
00:30:01,140 --> 00:30:10,220
♪♪
326
00:30:10,420 --> 00:30:18,420
♪♪
327
00:30:18,620 --> 00:30:27,860
♪♪
328
00:30:28,060 --> 00:30:30,060
Snakes are cold-blooded,
329
00:30:30,260 --> 00:30:33,140
so he can't stay in these
chilly waters for long.
330
00:30:33,340 --> 00:30:40,580
♪♪
331
00:30:40,780 --> 00:30:42,380
Back in the sunshine,
332
00:30:42,580 --> 00:30:47,360
he warms his head,
perhaps sharpening his senses.
333
00:30:50,040 --> 00:30:55,620
And then with a gulp of air,
he continues his hunt.
334
00:30:55,820 --> 00:31:02,900
♪♪
335
00:31:03,100 --> 00:31:06,540
It's thought that garter snakes
can use their forked tongue
336
00:31:06,740 --> 00:31:12,660
underwater, as they do in air,
smelling in stereo,
337
00:31:12,860 --> 00:31:15,140
detecting prey
wherever it hides.
338
00:31:15,340 --> 00:31:22,300
♪♪
339
00:31:22,500 --> 00:31:31,580
♪♪
340
00:31:31,780 --> 00:31:36,220
He's got something,
a small fish.
341
00:31:36,420 --> 00:31:41,060
♪♪
342
00:31:41,260 --> 00:31:43,580
Now he has to land it.
343
00:31:43,780 --> 00:31:47,340
♪♪
344
00:31:47,540 --> 00:31:48,880
Success.
345
00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:58,660
For those animals able to cross
the divide between land and sea,
346
00:31:58,860 --> 00:32:01,440
there are surprising rewards.
347
00:32:07,760 --> 00:32:11,000
Raja Ampat in Indonesia.
348
00:32:14,680 --> 00:32:17,500
Here there's a greater variety
of animals
349
00:32:17,700 --> 00:32:20,400
than on any other coast
on Earth.
350
00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:32,180
The corals are protected by
mangroves, salt tolerant trees
351
00:32:32,380 --> 00:32:36,220
that prop themselves
on curving aerial roots.
352
00:32:36,420 --> 00:32:44,300
♪♪
353
00:32:44,500 --> 00:32:49,100
♪♪
354
00:32:49,300 --> 00:32:51,940
These fish have learned
how to catch prey
355
00:32:52,140 --> 00:32:54,460
from high in the trees.
356
00:32:54,660 --> 00:33:00,140
♪♪
357
00:33:00,340 --> 00:33:04,700
Archerfish use jets of water
like arrows.
358
00:33:04,900 --> 00:33:08,740
♪♪
359
00:33:08,940 --> 00:33:11,540
This pinpoint accuracy
360
00:33:11,740 --> 00:33:16,260
requires some
complex calculations.
361
00:33:16,460 --> 00:33:20,440
A hunter first estimates
the range of its target.
362
00:33:23,200 --> 00:33:29,060
Then loads with a precise
amount of water.
363
00:33:29,260 --> 00:33:33,380
Aiming, they allow for the
refraction and distortion
364
00:33:33,580 --> 00:33:36,140
created by
the water's moving surface.
365
00:33:36,340 --> 00:33:39,820
♪♪
366
00:33:40,020 --> 00:33:42,180
And then...
367
00:33:42,380 --> 00:33:43,880
release.
368
00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:48,840
An arrow of water.
369
00:33:50,880 --> 00:33:55,220
They can hit prey up
to two meters above them.
370
00:33:55,420 --> 00:34:05,380
♪♪
371
00:34:05,580 --> 00:34:09,900
But they're not born
with this skill.
372
00:34:10,100 --> 00:34:13,500
They have to learn it,
373
00:34:13,700 --> 00:34:17,120
and they do that
by studying others.
374
00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:27,100
This youngster is watching
a master at work.
375
00:34:27,300 --> 00:34:33,140
♪♪
376
00:34:33,340 --> 00:34:42,860
♪♪
377
00:34:43,060 --> 00:34:45,940
It's time for the apprentice
to have a go.
378
00:34:46,140 --> 00:34:48,620
♪♪
379
00:34:48,820 --> 00:34:51,880
First, he must select a target.
380
00:34:54,240 --> 00:34:57,020
This seems rather ambitious.
381
00:34:57,220 --> 00:35:05,740
♪♪
382
00:35:05,940 --> 00:35:08,540
Missed.
383
00:35:08,740 --> 00:35:12,140
Others watch to learn
from his mistakes.
384
00:35:12,340 --> 00:35:21,340
♪♪
385
00:35:21,540 --> 00:35:24,940
Or...
386
00:35:25,140 --> 00:35:26,580
to steal his prize.
387
00:35:26,780 --> 00:35:35,300
♪♪
388
00:35:35,500 --> 00:35:44,620
♪♪
389
00:35:44,820 --> 00:35:54,180
♪♪
390
00:35:54,380 --> 00:36:00,460
♪♪
391
00:36:00,660 --> 00:36:04,180
♪♪
392
00:36:04,380 --> 00:36:08,300
Enough is enough.
393
00:36:08,500 --> 00:36:10,620
There is one way
to beat the thieves.
394
00:36:10,820 --> 00:36:15,980
♪♪
395
00:36:16,180 --> 00:36:20,300
The archer himself
becomes the arrow.
396
00:36:20,500 --> 00:36:29,660
♪♪
397
00:36:29,860 --> 00:36:34,500
♪♪
398
00:36:34,700 --> 00:36:42,220
♪♪
399
00:36:42,420 --> 00:36:46,860
Mangroves are unusually stable
coastal environments
400
00:36:47,060 --> 00:36:50,980
where an archerfish can focus
on beating the competition.
401
00:36:51,180 --> 00:37:00,140
♪♪
402
00:37:00,340 --> 00:37:07,560
♪♪
403
00:37:10,680 --> 00:37:14,620
On the exposed coast
of Mexico's Yucatan,
404
00:37:14,820 --> 00:37:19,140
life is precarious.
405
00:37:19,340 --> 00:37:22,540
Concentrated by
the tropical sunshine,
406
00:37:22,740 --> 00:37:25,020
the brine in these
shallow lagoons
407
00:37:25,220 --> 00:37:28,080
cannot be tolerated
by most animals.
408
00:37:32,200 --> 00:37:36,020
And yet these
Caribbean flamingos
409
00:37:36,220 --> 00:37:39,260
have flown hundreds of miles
to gather here.
410
00:37:39,460 --> 00:37:48,460
♪♪
411
00:37:48,660 --> 00:37:58,220
♪♪
412
00:37:58,420 --> 00:38:05,660
♪♪
413
00:38:05,860 --> 00:38:15,260
♪♪
414
00:38:15,460 --> 00:38:20,020
These hypersaline waters
keep many predators at bay.
415
00:38:20,220 --> 00:38:22,660
[Flamingos calling]
416
00:38:22,860 --> 00:38:25,960
So it's here
they choose to nest.
417
00:38:28,560 --> 00:38:31,500
There are more than
10,000 pairs here.
418
00:38:31,700 --> 00:38:34,940
It's the largest breeding colony
in North America.
419
00:38:35,140 --> 00:38:37,400
[Flamingos calling]
420
00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:49,020
♪♪
421
00:38:49,220 --> 00:38:52,300
Nest mounds keep chicks
clear of the brine
422
00:38:52,500 --> 00:38:55,060
while they're still
at their most vulnerable.
423
00:38:55,260 --> 00:39:04,300
♪♪
424
00:39:04,500 --> 00:39:13,380
♪♪
425
00:39:13,580 --> 00:39:17,500
♪♪
426
00:39:17,700 --> 00:39:19,620
[Chick chirping]
427
00:39:19,820 --> 00:39:23,180
♪♪
428
00:39:23,380 --> 00:39:31,500
♪♪
429
00:39:31,700 --> 00:39:35,100
But this generation faces
a problem.
430
00:39:35,300 --> 00:39:37,320
[Thunder rumbling]
431
00:39:42,520 --> 00:39:47,300
The storms that come each season
are arriving earlier every year.
432
00:39:47,500 --> 00:39:51,580
♪♪
433
00:39:51,780 --> 00:39:55,660
And the colony lies directly
in their path.
434
00:39:55,860 --> 00:40:05,260
♪♪
435
00:40:05,460 --> 00:40:09,660
Rising winds create
a storm surge
436
00:40:09,860 --> 00:40:13,220
that overwhelms
the most exposed nests.
437
00:40:13,420 --> 00:40:15,500
[Flamingos squawking]
438
00:40:15,700 --> 00:40:25,060
♪♪
439
00:40:25,260 --> 00:40:29,540
♪♪
440
00:40:29,740 --> 00:40:31,720
[Thunder rumbling]
441
00:40:36,040 --> 00:40:40,100
And then it rains.
442
00:40:40,300 --> 00:40:48,100
♪♪
443
00:40:48,300 --> 00:40:51,780
The adults do what they can
bailing out their nests.
444
00:40:51,980 --> 00:40:59,260
♪♪
445
00:40:59,460 --> 00:41:01,300
But they can only do so much.
446
00:41:01,500 --> 00:41:09,700
♪♪
447
00:41:09,900 --> 00:41:18,140
♪♪
448
00:41:18,340 --> 00:41:23,940
The storm passes but leaves
devastation in its wake.
449
00:41:24,140 --> 00:41:27,860
♪♪
450
00:41:28,060 --> 00:41:30,460
Most nests are submerged.
451
00:41:30,660 --> 00:41:37,500
♪♪
452
00:41:37,700 --> 00:41:41,460
♪♪
453
00:41:41,660 --> 00:41:42,980
[Chick chirps]
454
00:41:43,180 --> 00:41:47,060
♪♪
455
00:41:47,260 --> 00:41:54,060
The chicks are soaked and cold
and will soon perish,
456
00:41:54,260 --> 00:41:57,700
unless they can get
out of the water.
457
00:41:57,900 --> 00:42:00,180
[Flamingos squawking]
458
00:42:00,380 --> 00:42:02,300
♪♪
459
00:42:02,500 --> 00:42:10,660
♪♪
460
00:42:10,860 --> 00:42:13,060
The adults are unable to help.
461
00:42:13,260 --> 00:42:17,740
♪♪
462
00:42:17,940 --> 00:42:20,660
A chick must save itself.
463
00:42:20,860 --> 00:42:29,780
♪♪
464
00:42:29,980 --> 00:42:37,380
♪♪
465
00:42:37,580 --> 00:42:47,100
♪♪
466
00:42:47,300 --> 00:42:51,940
Some years no chicks survive
in this colony.
467
00:42:52,140 --> 00:42:55,500
♪♪
468
00:42:55,700 --> 00:42:59,660
Our coasts
are vulnerable places.
469
00:42:59,860 --> 00:43:02,940
Increasingly so as rising
global temperatures
470
00:43:03,140 --> 00:43:05,100
create bigger storms.
471
00:43:05,300 --> 00:43:09,380
♪♪
472
00:43:09,580 --> 00:43:12,940
The biggest are hurricanes.
473
00:43:13,140 --> 00:43:16,540
[Thunder rumbling]
474
00:43:16,740 --> 00:43:19,500
They form over
warm tropical water,
475
00:43:19,700 --> 00:43:21,140
building in strength at sea.
476
00:43:21,340 --> 00:43:25,140
♪♪
477
00:43:25,340 --> 00:43:31,820
But their full force
is unleashed on our coasts
478
00:43:32,020 --> 00:43:35,620
where 40% of the world's
human population
479
00:43:35,820 --> 00:43:37,260
have made their homes.
480
00:43:37,460 --> 00:43:42,820
♪♪
481
00:43:43,020 --> 00:43:50,540
♪♪
482
00:43:50,740 --> 00:43:54,100
In this changing world,
483
00:43:54,300 --> 00:43:56,900
coasts are on the front line.
484
00:43:57,100 --> 00:44:03,980
♪♪
485
00:44:04,180 --> 00:44:08,080
♪♪
486
00:44:12,440 --> 00:44:15,660
Raine Island,
one of the planet's
487
00:44:15,860 --> 00:44:18,340
most important breeding sites
488
00:44:18,540 --> 00:44:21,860
for one particularly
precious species.
489
00:44:22,060 --> 00:44:24,080
[Bird cawing]
490
00:44:35,480 --> 00:44:36,380
The green turtle.
491
00:44:36,580 --> 00:44:41,300
♪♪
492
00:44:41,500 --> 00:44:44,060
On a few special nights
each year,
493
00:44:44,260 --> 00:44:48,600
as many as 20,000 females
come ashore here.
494
00:44:50,920 --> 00:44:55,620
Their instinct to nest
is strong,
495
00:44:55,820 --> 00:44:56,900
and many hold themselves
496
00:44:57,100 --> 00:45:01,640
far inland
in search of nesting space.
497
00:45:04,240 --> 00:45:10,020
In a single night, they may lay
as many as 2 million eggs.
498
00:45:10,220 --> 00:45:18,660
♪♪
499
00:45:18,860 --> 00:45:22,540
[Birds chirping]
500
00:45:22,740 --> 00:45:24,360
Dawn.
501
00:45:26,960 --> 00:45:30,060
This exhausted female
has nested,
502
00:45:30,260 --> 00:45:33,380
but now she faces
a long return journey
503
00:45:33,580 --> 00:45:35,980
through the dunes to the sea.
504
00:45:36,180 --> 00:45:39,820
♪♪
505
00:45:40,020 --> 00:45:48,700
♪♪
506
00:45:48,900 --> 00:45:52,980
As the sun rises,
507
00:45:53,180 --> 00:45:56,460
she is at risk
of being baked alive.
508
00:45:56,660 --> 00:46:03,980
♪♪
509
00:46:04,180 --> 00:46:08,340
Every inch she travels
is grueling.
510
00:46:08,540 --> 00:46:16,180
♪♪
511
00:46:16,380 --> 00:46:20,740
And the ebbing tide has exposed
a rocky reef.
512
00:46:20,940 --> 00:46:25,500
♪♪
513
00:46:25,700 --> 00:46:29,820
It has already
claimed many lives.
514
00:46:30,020 --> 00:46:33,180
[Turtle grunts]
515
00:46:33,380 --> 00:46:37,780
Other females overcome
by heat and exhaustion.
516
00:46:37,980 --> 00:46:47,460
♪♪
517
00:46:47,660 --> 00:46:49,860
Her temperature is rising.
518
00:46:50,060 --> 00:46:52,100
She has to keep going.
519
00:46:52,300 --> 00:47:01,380
♪♪
520
00:47:01,580 --> 00:47:08,620
♪♪
521
00:47:08,820 --> 00:47:10,180
[Turtle grunts]
522
00:47:10,380 --> 00:47:17,260
♪♪
523
00:47:17,460 --> 00:47:22,940
As many as 2,000 female turtles
may die here each year.
524
00:47:23,140 --> 00:47:26,620
♪♪
525
00:47:26,820 --> 00:47:28,820
[Turtle grunts]
526
00:47:29,020 --> 00:47:36,220
♪♪
527
00:47:36,420 --> 00:47:40,980
♪♪
528
00:47:41,180 --> 00:47:44,980
[Waves crashing]
529
00:47:45,180 --> 00:47:47,860
But the coast
is always changing.
530
00:47:48,060 --> 00:47:57,020
♪♪
531
00:47:57,220 --> 00:48:01,540
And the turning tide
may yet save her.
532
00:48:01,740 --> 00:48:11,180
♪♪
533
00:48:11,380 --> 00:48:20,900
♪♪
534
00:48:21,100 --> 00:48:30,540
♪♪
535
00:48:30,740 --> 00:48:34,060
Half of all the green turtles
in the Pacific.
536
00:48:34,260 --> 00:48:35,780
Come here to nest,
537
00:48:35,980 --> 00:48:39,900
as they have done
for at least 1,000 years.
538
00:48:40,100 --> 00:48:47,940
♪♪
539
00:48:48,140 --> 00:48:50,140
But for how much longer?
540
00:48:50,340 --> 00:48:56,260
♪♪
541
00:48:56,460 --> 00:49:01,860
If sea levels rise as predicted,
within the next 30 years,
542
00:49:02,060 --> 00:49:06,220
Raine Island will disappear
beneath the waves.
543
00:49:06,420 --> 00:49:13,780
♪♪
544
00:49:13,980 --> 00:49:19,500
Coasts are dynamic,
dangerous frontiers
545
00:49:19,700 --> 00:49:22,780
and they are changing faster
than ever before
546
00:49:22,980 --> 00:49:24,540
in human history.
547
00:49:24,740 --> 00:49:27,780
♪♪
548
00:49:27,980 --> 00:49:34,720
Life is remarkably resilient
and adapts to new challenges.
549
00:49:36,920 --> 00:49:41,900
But there is a limit on how fast
it can do so.
550
00:49:42,100 --> 00:49:51,040
♪♪
551
00:49:54,000 --> 00:50:02,980
♪♪
552
00:50:03,180 --> 00:50:06,660
As far as I know, I was one of
the first people to film
553
00:50:06,860 --> 00:50:11,820
on Raine Island back in 1957.
554
00:50:12,020 --> 00:50:13,940
After a fortnight
of traveling north,
555
00:50:14,140 --> 00:50:17,900
we at last sighted Raine Island.
556
00:50:18,100 --> 00:50:20,660
From the sea
it looked no more than a low
557
00:50:20,860 --> 00:50:23,780
sand bank covered in scrub,
558
00:50:23,980 --> 00:50:26,980
but as we rowed ashore,
we were deafened
559
00:50:27,180 --> 00:50:29,940
by the cries
of thousands of seabirds
560
00:50:30,140 --> 00:50:32,460
which hung above the island
like a black cloud.
561
00:50:32,660 --> 00:50:35,940
[Birds crying]
562
00:50:36,140 --> 00:50:42,500
I was 31, and it was here
that I first met a green turtle.
563
00:50:42,700 --> 00:50:45,300
The turtles come up
to lay at night,
564
00:50:45,500 --> 00:50:49,340
and after a night spent
laying maybe over 100 eggs,
565
00:50:49,540 --> 00:50:53,240
she is very weary and very
anxious to get back to the sea.
566
00:50:56,880 --> 00:51:00,380
Nearly 70 years later,
the "Planet Earth III" team
567
00:51:00,580 --> 00:51:03,660
are welcomed by people
whose connection to the island
568
00:51:03,860 --> 00:51:06,260
goes back very much
further than mine.
569
00:51:06,460 --> 00:51:08,100
Welcome to Raine.
570
00:51:08,300 --> 00:51:11,260
The Wuthathi and Meriam people
have been coming here
571
00:51:11,460 --> 00:51:14,740
for several thousand years.
572
00:51:14,940 --> 00:51:16,900
Raine Island is a beautiful
and special place.
573
00:51:17,100 --> 00:51:19,980
Like, it's nowhere else in the
planet where you come
574
00:51:20,180 --> 00:51:21,860
and see this much turtles.
575
00:51:22,060 --> 00:51:24,120
It's a wonder to see.
576
00:51:27,360 --> 00:51:29,420
Attenborough: Since I was there,
it's been discovered
577
00:51:29,620 --> 00:51:32,780
that Raine Island attracts
more nesting green turtles
578
00:51:32,980 --> 00:51:35,340
than anywhere else
on the planet.
579
00:51:35,540 --> 00:51:37,280
[Birds chirping]
580
00:51:41,360 --> 00:51:42,820
So many, isn't it?
As soon as you're up,
581
00:51:43,020 --> 00:51:45,220
you're like,
"Oh, there are a lot."
582
00:51:45,420 --> 00:51:49,780
And the crew soon meet
some other residents, too.
583
00:51:49,980 --> 00:51:51,380
This is behind
the behind the scenes.
584
00:51:51,580 --> 00:51:54,100
♪♪
585
00:51:54,300 --> 00:51:56,740
[Laughs]
586
00:51:56,940 --> 00:51:58,140
See you, mate.
587
00:51:58,340 --> 00:52:01,700
♪♪
588
00:52:01,900 --> 00:52:03,300
Attenborough: The team are here
to record
589
00:52:03,500 --> 00:52:06,920
the mother turtles perilous
journeys back to the sea.
590
00:52:09,160 --> 00:52:10,720
Moloney: Oh, God.
591
00:52:12,880 --> 00:52:15,380
Attenborough: Trapped turtles
can often feed themselves
592
00:52:15,580 --> 00:52:18,020
with the help
of the rising tide.
593
00:52:18,220 --> 00:52:20,580
It merely just a bit more
to the right.
594
00:52:20,780 --> 00:52:21,940
They're back.
Yeah, there.
595
00:52:22,140 --> 00:52:23,380
Attenborough: But in this case,
596
00:52:23,580 --> 00:52:27,260
Keron makes the decision
to intervene.
597
00:52:27,460 --> 00:52:30,180
Ready?
One, two, three.
598
00:52:30,380 --> 00:52:32,700
Yeah, anytime we're here,
we'll walk the beach.
599
00:52:32,900 --> 00:52:36,620
Any turtles that have no chance
of making it back to the ocean,
600
00:52:36,820 --> 00:52:38,820
if we can save them,
we save them
601
00:52:39,020 --> 00:52:42,140
because every turtle
is precious.
602
00:52:42,340 --> 00:52:43,860
Attenborough: At the time
of my first visit,
603
00:52:44,060 --> 00:52:47,060
little was known to outsiders
about Raine Island.
604
00:52:47,260 --> 00:52:49,180
But for the last few decades,
605
00:52:49,380 --> 00:52:52,100
scientists have been working
with the Wuthathi
606
00:52:52,300 --> 00:52:57,060
and Meriam people to understand
more about this special place.
607
00:52:57,260 --> 00:52:58,620
Scientists have been coming
to Raine Island
608
00:52:58,820 --> 00:53:02,300
Robertson: since about the mid
'70s, and over that time
609
00:53:02,500 --> 00:53:06,420
they've been monitoring
the nesting population here.
610
00:53:06,620 --> 00:53:10,460
Attenborough: This work
involves long hours...
611
00:53:10,660 --> 00:53:12,660
98.7, yeah.
612
00:53:12,860 --> 00:53:16,220
...and a certain degree
of patience.
613
00:53:16,420 --> 00:53:19,500
Yeah.
[Laughs]
614
00:53:19,700 --> 00:53:21,140
Oh.
615
00:53:21,340 --> 00:53:23,260
♪♪
616
00:53:23,460 --> 00:53:25,340
We're going to be wearing
half of Raine Island
617
00:53:25,540 --> 00:53:27,000
by the end of tonight.
618
00:53:30,040 --> 00:53:34,740
Helping the year's first
hatchlings is a little easier.
619
00:53:34,940 --> 00:53:36,860
Robertson:
So we'll take these ones
down to the water's edge,
620
00:53:37,060 --> 00:53:38,740
so hopefully that we'll see
these turtles back here
621
00:53:38,940 --> 00:53:41,860
laying eggs in 30 years time.
622
00:53:42,060 --> 00:53:44,540
Attenborough: With the help
of this dedicated team,
623
00:53:44,740 --> 00:53:46,100
Raine Island's turtles
might seem
624
00:53:46,300 --> 00:53:48,120
to have a good future.
625
00:53:53,120 --> 00:53:56,500
But research is revealing
a hidden threat.
626
00:53:56,700 --> 00:54:00,740
[Birds chirping]
627
00:54:00,940 --> 00:54:04,120
The direct effects
of climate change.
628
00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:09,940
You want to hold this
against the flat part
629
00:54:10,140 --> 00:54:11,300
of the data logger?
630
00:54:11,500 --> 00:54:13,660
A developing turtle's sex
631
00:54:13,860 --> 00:54:17,700
is determined
by the temperature of its nest.
632
00:54:17,900 --> 00:54:23,300
Higher temperatures
produce female hatchlings.
633
00:54:23,500 --> 00:54:25,420
The temperature of the sand
on Raine Island
634
00:54:25,620 --> 00:54:28,860
is now at a record high,
635
00:54:29,060 --> 00:54:35,060
so 99% of the turtles
that hatch here are female.
636
00:54:35,260 --> 00:54:38,380
More alarmingly, we now know
this has been the case
637
00:54:38,580 --> 00:54:41,940
for at least the last 20 years.
638
00:54:42,140 --> 00:54:43,740
You do the math.
639
00:54:43,940 --> 00:54:48,020
All females, no males,
what's going to happen?
640
00:54:48,220 --> 00:54:49,940
There's going to be
a population crash
641
00:54:50,140 --> 00:54:52,240
and there'll be no more turtle.
642
00:54:55,480 --> 00:54:58,780
Attenborough: Work is underway
to find solutions,
643
00:54:58,980 --> 00:55:02,340
but that's not
their only problem.
644
00:55:02,540 --> 00:55:08,140
Not only are temperatures
rising, sea levels are, too.
645
00:55:08,340 --> 00:55:10,780
Increasingly, high tides on rain
646
00:55:10,980 --> 00:55:16,540
are flooding many
of the nests from below,
647
00:55:16,740 --> 00:55:21,500
drowning the developing turtles
before they hatch.
648
00:55:21,700 --> 00:55:22,900
Robertson: It's really
upsetting.
649
00:55:23,100 --> 00:55:26,060
You'll dig down to check
to see success,
650
00:55:26,260 --> 00:55:28,700
and you get down to the nest
651
00:55:28,900 --> 00:55:32,340
and you're just
pulling up dead eggs.
652
00:55:32,540 --> 00:55:34,260
Attenborough: To try and stop
this happening
653
00:55:34,460 --> 00:55:37,380
they have devised
a heavy-duty solution.
654
00:55:37,580 --> 00:55:41,580
[Engine revving]
655
00:55:41,780 --> 00:55:44,540
These machines have been shipped
hundreds of miles
656
00:55:44,740 --> 00:55:48,140
from the Australian mainland
to reshape the beach.
657
00:55:48,340 --> 00:55:51,140
[Truck beeping]
658
00:55:51,340 --> 00:55:55,700
They have already shifted sand
that would fill 16 Olympic-sized
659
00:55:55,900 --> 00:55:57,860
swimming pools
and doubled the number
660
00:55:58,060 --> 00:56:02,260
of safe nesting sites.
661
00:56:02,460 --> 00:56:05,860
The hope is that this will
ensure that over 5 million
662
00:56:06,060 --> 00:56:09,280
more eggs
will hatch in the next decade.
663
00:56:12,040 --> 00:56:13,660
But from then on,
664
00:56:13,860 --> 00:56:18,740
the future of Raine Island
looks very uncertain.
665
00:56:18,940 --> 00:56:22,060
Robertson:
At this stage, we think
that we have until about 2050
666
00:56:22,260 --> 00:56:25,980
until we start seeing massive
impacts of sea level rise.
667
00:56:26,180 --> 00:56:28,260
It's crazy to think that,
you know,
668
00:56:28,460 --> 00:56:30,420
the work that we do here,
669
00:56:30,620 --> 00:56:32,300
someone might not be doing this
in 30 years time
670
00:56:32,500 --> 00:56:34,380
because there's no island
to do it on.
671
00:56:34,580 --> 00:56:37,700
♪♪
672
00:56:37,900 --> 00:56:39,900
Murray: What sort of world
is it going to be
673
00:56:40,100 --> 00:56:43,060
for my children
and their children?
674
00:56:43,260 --> 00:56:47,300
Is there going to be
anything for -- for them
675
00:56:47,500 --> 00:56:51,140
or is it all in vain?
676
00:56:51,340 --> 00:56:55,900
♪♪
677
00:56:56,100 --> 00:56:58,580
We'll always be here fighting
for Raine Island,
678
00:56:58,780 --> 00:57:01,180
the turtles,
but we can't do it alone.
679
00:57:01,380 --> 00:57:04,180
We need government
and big business to wake up
680
00:57:04,380 --> 00:57:06,540
and see what they're doing
to the planet
681
00:57:06,740 --> 00:57:08,140
and get real.
682
00:57:08,340 --> 00:57:14,020
♪♪
683
00:57:14,220 --> 00:57:16,980
Attenborough: This little fellow
is newly hatched from an egg
684
00:57:17,180 --> 00:57:19,300
which had been laid
a month or so earlier,
685
00:57:19,500 --> 00:57:22,500
and he too is very anxious
to get down to the sea.
686
00:57:22,700 --> 00:57:26,380
♪♪
687
00:57:26,580 --> 00:57:29,300
Having at last successfully
reached the water,
688
00:57:29,500 --> 00:57:31,740
he's still got a great number
of hazards to face
689
00:57:31,940 --> 00:57:35,340
before he grows up.
690
00:57:35,540 --> 00:57:38,860
Little did I know then
what hazards that little turtle
691
00:57:39,060 --> 00:57:42,340
would have to face
or the extraordinary lengths
692
00:57:42,540 --> 00:57:47,500
to which people would go
to protect it and its island.
693
00:57:47,700 --> 00:57:52,820
In the 66 years since my visit,
Raine Island has remained
694
00:57:53,020 --> 00:57:57,180
the most important green turtle
nesting site on the planet.
695
00:57:57,380 --> 00:58:01,020
The question is,
can it last another lifetime?
696
00:58:01,220 --> 00:58:03,760
♪♪
697
00:58:05,480 --> 00:58:08,340
[Singing in native language]
698
00:58:08,540 --> 00:58:16,540
♪♪
699
00:58:16,740 --> 00:58:25,660
♪♪
700
00:58:25,860 --> 00:58:26,640
♪♪
701
00:58:38,360 --> 00:58:40,420
Thriving in this varied world
702
00:58:40,620 --> 00:58:44,220
sometimes demandssurprising behavior.
703
00:58:44,420 --> 00:58:52,700
♪♪
704
00:58:52,900 --> 00:58:55,600
♪ Close your eyes
705
00:58:58,000 --> 00:59:01,120
This is "Planet Earth III".
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