Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
0
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,110
PETER REDDIEN: Let's now try to apply these concepts
1
00:00:03,110 --> 00:00:11,450
to actual example pedigree and try to calculate a LOD score.
2
00:00:11,450 --> 00:00:13,145
I'm going to draw a pedigree.
3
00:00:13,145 --> 00:00:15,020
And I'm going to draw out where I stretch out
4
00:00:15,020 --> 00:00:19,340
the individuals in a way where I can show you data for SSRs
5
00:00:19,340 --> 00:00:20,450
below them.
6
00:00:20,450 --> 00:00:25,400
And this is our dominant trait that we're working
7
00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:29,190
with today, D over plus.
8
00:00:29,190 --> 00:00:29,690
OK.
9
00:00:29,690 --> 00:00:34,520
And now we're going to get some SSR data for SSR1.
10
00:00:34,520 --> 00:00:36,410
And I talked about last time how you
11
00:00:36,410 --> 00:00:39,860
can look for this by looking at the size of the SSR
12
00:00:39,860 --> 00:00:41,480
in individuals.
13
00:00:41,480 --> 00:00:44,730
So we could look at this with gel electrophoresis.
14
00:00:44,730 --> 00:00:45,230
All right.
15
00:00:45,230 --> 00:00:48,410
So I'll give you some data for these individuals where
16
00:00:48,410 --> 00:00:53,410
what I'm drawing here are the data below the individual that
17
00:00:53,410 --> 00:00:54,660
correspond to that individual.
18
00:00:54,660 --> 00:00:58,880
So this is the SSR1 genotype data for this individual.
19
00:00:58,880 --> 00:01:01,950
This is the data for that individual and so on.
20
00:01:01,950 --> 00:01:03,303
So that's our data.
21
00:01:03,303 --> 00:01:04,970
And now the next thing we're going to do
22
00:01:04,970 --> 00:01:08,670
is ascribe genotypes to these individuals.
23
00:01:08,670 --> 00:01:10,580
So this individual will be D over plus.
24
00:01:10,580 --> 00:01:12,620
And what is the SSR genotype?
25
00:01:12,620 --> 00:01:13,400
AA.
26
00:01:13,400 --> 00:01:14,730
What about this individual?
27
00:01:14,730 --> 00:01:15,230
BB.
28
00:01:15,230 --> 00:01:15,590
OK.
29
00:01:15,590 --> 00:01:16,965
So you've got the idea with that.
30
00:01:16,965 --> 00:01:18,120
Plus plus, BB.
31
00:01:18,120 --> 00:01:18,620
All right.
32
00:01:18,620 --> 00:01:20,760
So now let's go to the next generation.
33
00:01:20,760 --> 00:01:24,290
We have D over plus and A over B. By the way,
34
00:01:24,290 --> 00:01:28,790
do we know the phase of these alleles in this individual?
35
00:01:28,790 --> 00:01:30,240
These came together.
36
00:01:30,240 --> 00:01:31,910
So the phase is known.
37
00:01:31,910 --> 00:01:32,820
OK.
38
00:01:32,820 --> 00:01:33,320
Let's see.
39
00:01:33,320 --> 00:01:34,280
So we'll keep going.
40
00:01:34,280 --> 00:01:35,755
And I'll just now put the genotypes
41
00:01:35,755 --> 00:01:37,130
on the rest of these individuals.
42
00:01:37,130 --> 00:01:41,120
D over plus, A over A. Same exercise for each one.
43
00:01:41,120 --> 00:01:45,200
Plus over plus, B over B, plus over plus, A over B,
44
00:01:45,200 --> 00:01:48,830
D over plus, A over A, D over plus, B over B.
45
00:01:48,830 --> 00:01:51,230
This individual plus over plus, A over B.
46
00:01:51,230 --> 00:01:54,350
Now we need to look at this outcome
47
00:01:54,350 --> 00:01:56,720
and try to see if we can figure out
48
00:01:56,720 --> 00:01:59,840
whether we have non-recombinant gametes that were involved
49
00:01:59,840 --> 00:02:04,400
in the meiosis producing the gametes that
50
00:02:04,400 --> 00:02:05,880
made these individuals.
51
00:02:05,880 --> 00:02:07,760
So we have some individuals here.
52
00:02:07,760 --> 00:02:12,980
Now, there is a meiosis here that produced this individual.
53
00:02:12,980 --> 00:02:18,700
So we can consider that individual, this individual,
54
00:02:18,700 --> 00:02:20,980
this individual.
55
00:02:20,980 --> 00:02:25,270
Basically all of these are the results of some meiosis
56
00:02:25,270 --> 00:02:28,820
that we have some data about.
57
00:02:28,820 --> 00:02:34,320
And then we can ask if the meiosis was informative or not.
58
00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:36,860
So the meiosis that produced individual one--
59
00:02:36,860 --> 00:02:40,730
so this is individual one here--
60
00:02:40,730 --> 00:02:44,840
is that meiosis informative or not informative?
61
00:02:44,840 --> 00:02:47,090
So we're talking about the meiosis in this parent that
62
00:02:47,090 --> 00:02:48,920
produced this individual.
63
00:02:48,920 --> 00:02:50,580
You think it's informative?
64
00:02:50,580 --> 00:02:54,890
This is an uninformative meiosis because we have no information
65
00:02:54,890 --> 00:02:57,080
here about whether recombination could have happened
66
00:02:57,080 --> 00:03:00,020
between the D gene and this SSR1 because you
67
00:03:00,020 --> 00:03:02,010
were homozygous at this locus.
68
00:03:02,010 --> 00:03:03,260
So that's uninformative.
69
00:03:03,260 --> 00:03:05,660
Yeah, the phase doesn't tell you whether it's informative
70
00:03:05,660 --> 00:03:07,153
or not.
71
00:03:07,153 --> 00:03:08,570
Whether it's informative or not is
72
00:03:08,570 --> 00:03:11,540
whether you can tell if two different alleles of two
73
00:03:11,540 --> 00:03:13,280
options went together or not.
74
00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:15,530
The meiosis that produced this individual,
75
00:03:15,530 --> 00:03:18,230
it's uninformative because you had to get a big A
76
00:03:18,230 --> 00:03:20,150
allele from this SSR1.
77
00:03:20,150 --> 00:03:22,430
So do you have any hope of seeing whether there
78
00:03:22,430 --> 00:03:26,480
is any recombination between this allele and this D
79
00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:29,142
by looking at the genotype of the offspring?
80
00:03:29,142 --> 00:03:31,100
You're going to have A no matter whether it was
81
00:03:31,100 --> 00:03:33,445
recombinant or non-recombinant.
82
00:03:33,445 --> 00:03:34,820
When we're considering the phase,
83
00:03:34,820 --> 00:03:39,560
we're trying to determine what configuration the alleles would
84
00:03:39,560 --> 00:03:44,030
have been in the parent whose meiosis we're
85
00:03:44,030 --> 00:03:47,060
going to be evaluating.
86
00:03:47,060 --> 00:03:50,720
And whether it's this individual with phase known or unknown
87
00:03:50,720 --> 00:03:53,420
makes an informative meiosis is determined
88
00:03:53,420 --> 00:03:55,960
as we've gone through.
89
00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:56,460
OK.
90
00:03:56,460 --> 00:03:57,450
So when we're talking about phase,
91
00:03:57,450 --> 00:03:58,900
we're trying to figure out--
92
00:03:58,900 --> 00:04:01,500
so for this meiosis that this individual made,
93
00:04:01,500 --> 00:04:04,350
we need to think about if we have any phase information
94
00:04:04,350 --> 00:04:05,580
to evaluate their meiosis.
95
00:04:05,580 --> 00:04:08,130
For this individual and her offspring,
96
00:04:08,130 --> 00:04:11,220
we need to think about if we have any phase information.
97
00:04:11,220 --> 00:04:13,680
And then we can evaluate separately
98
00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:17,290
whether she had informative or uninformative meiosis.
99
00:04:17,290 --> 00:04:17,790
OK.
100
00:04:17,790 --> 00:04:19,589
So now let's think about the meiosis
101
00:04:19,589 --> 00:04:23,450
that produced individual two.
102
00:04:23,450 --> 00:04:25,640
We're looking at the meiosis from this individual
103
00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:29,170
that produced this individual.
104
00:04:29,170 --> 00:04:31,070
Is that informative or uninformative meiosis?
105
00:04:31,070 --> 00:04:36,630
106
00:04:36,630 --> 00:04:37,795
Informative?
107
00:04:37,795 --> 00:04:38,295
Yes.
108
00:04:38,295 --> 00:04:41,210
109
00:04:41,210 --> 00:04:44,670
We know you got the D allele going with the A allele.
110
00:04:44,670 --> 00:04:45,920
OK.
111
00:04:45,920 --> 00:04:46,820
Informative.
112
00:04:46,820 --> 00:04:49,790
What about this one?
113
00:04:49,790 --> 00:04:50,540
Informative.
114
00:04:50,540 --> 00:04:54,320
115
00:04:54,320 --> 00:04:57,880
Individual number four?
116
00:04:57,880 --> 00:04:59,830
Uninformative.
117
00:04:59,830 --> 00:05:02,440
Individual five is informative, and individual six
118
00:05:02,440 --> 00:05:03,920
is informative.
119
00:05:03,920 --> 00:05:07,910
We have four informative meiosis.
120
00:05:07,910 --> 00:05:09,770
Now let's try to determine whether they're
121
00:05:09,770 --> 00:05:11,741
recombinant or non-recombinant.
122
00:05:11,741 --> 00:05:14,390
123
00:05:14,390 --> 00:05:16,040
OK.
124
00:05:16,040 --> 00:05:23,080
So the meiosis that produced individual two, the gamete that
125
00:05:23,080 --> 00:05:24,010
came from this parent.
126
00:05:24,010 --> 00:05:26,380
Was it recombinant or non-recombinant?
127
00:05:26,380 --> 00:05:27,538
Non-recombinant.
128
00:05:27,538 --> 00:05:29,830
We're able to determine it's non-recombinant because we
129
00:05:29,830 --> 00:05:32,050
knew the phase in this person.
130
00:05:32,050 --> 00:05:32,550
OK.
131
00:05:32,550 --> 00:05:34,470
So the meiosis that produced the gamete that
132
00:05:34,470 --> 00:05:38,700
made individual three, also non-recombinant.
133
00:05:38,700 --> 00:05:41,390
We have plus and B coming together.
134
00:05:41,390 --> 00:05:44,130
Now individual five, we have D and A coming together,
135
00:05:44,130 --> 00:05:45,260
so non-recombinant.
136
00:05:45,260 --> 00:05:46,760
And what about individual six?
137
00:05:46,760 --> 00:05:48,840
Recombinant because D and B came together.
138
00:05:48,840 --> 00:05:50,840
And we know that would be recombinant because we
139
00:05:50,840 --> 00:05:52,048
knew the phase in the parent.
140
00:05:52,048 --> 00:05:54,140
We have four meiosis that are informative.
141
00:05:54,140 --> 00:05:56,960
And we can ascribe three as being non-recombinant and one
142
00:05:56,960 --> 00:05:58,480
as being recombinant.
9874
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.