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MICHAEL HEMANN: So genetics represents, essentially,
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a diverse class of interests and speaks
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to a lot of different areas of study.
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So what does genetics tell us about?
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Well, genetics tells us, obviously, about heredity.
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It tells us why we look like our parents
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and why our children will likely look like us,
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those things that we pass on, those things that we inherit,
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those things that are characteristic of the people
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or the communities that we grow up in.
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But they also tell us a lot about medicine.
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So they tell us about predisposition
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towards particular conditions, they talk about--
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tell us about biological diversity
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and medical diversity.
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They speak to potential therapeutics,
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things that we can do or be careful of in thinking
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about to improve our own health, or the health of our community
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members.
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So it tells us a lot about us as people.
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But it tells us also about our connection with other species
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and how things evolve, how different organisms evolve,
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how we evolved and what our connections are
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with a broad range of other organisms.
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And of course genetics informs basic biology.
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We learn about molecular circuits.
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We learn about the connections between a gene and resulting
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phenotypes, resulting biological systems, networks,
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tissue architecture.
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So it speaks to a broad biological community.
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But of course, these days, genetics actually is enabling.
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It allows us to do things.
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So we can actually engineer things using genetics in ways
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that we never have before.
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So we have really unique capabilities now
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to actually engineer genomes.
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There are technologies like CRISPR
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that we'll talk a lot about that allows one to manipulate cells
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so we can create things like genetically modified organisms.
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I mean, this has been going on for a long time.
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But we can manipulate plants, we can manipulate cells.
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So we can introduce new cell therapies
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to try to treat particular conditions.
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And in fact, we can actually generate modified embryos.
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Now whether we should do these things,
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I think, are important questions,
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and the ethics of doing these things
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are really important issues, and things
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that we should think about.
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But these are the decisions that you are all
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going to make in the long run as people that understand
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this technology and use this technology
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and weigh what we ought to do, and what we can do.
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But right now, we exist in an era, essentially,
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of enabling technology.
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We have the ability to modify, using a broad toolset
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to alter biological systems.
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So in essence, we're in an age of genome engineering.
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Now of course in a biology that you're now all
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very familiar with, we can also create.
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So on the right, we're looking at an entity
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that you're all really familiar with.
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So this is COVID-19.
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And on the left is a schematized diagram
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of a COVID vaccine, the kinds that
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are made at Moderna and Pfizer, Moderna
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very close to where I'm sitting right now, and close to many
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of you.
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This is a piece of RNA.
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So it's an engineered nucleic acid sequence
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that is now a prevailing vaccine, a prevailing
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technology that is used front-line
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in the treatment or the preventative treatment
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of COVID.
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So again, this technology is here as well.
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And so we're going to learn about all of these things
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in the context of this current course.
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We're going to look about the-- look at the interface
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between genetics and biology, we're
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going to look at the things that you can do with genetics,
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and the things that are already being done.
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Essentially, what are the possibilities
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and how can we engineer using genetics
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in more sophisticated ways?
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