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No.End.in.Sight.2007.720p.WEBRip.AAC2.0.x264-FGT
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DONALD RUMSFELD (Secretary of Defense 2001-2006)
The...
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great respect that I have...
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for your leadership, mister President...
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in this...
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little understood
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00:00:23,328 --> 00:00:25,809
unfamiliar...war
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The first war in the 21st century.
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00:00:31,727 --> 00:00:35,000
It is not well known, it was not
well understood...
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00:00:35,001 --> 00:00:38,377
It is complex for people
to comprehend...
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00:00:38,387 --> 00:00:42,325
and I know with certainty
that over time...
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00:00:42,326 --> 00:00:43,441
the...
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00:00:43,442 --> 00:00:47,743
contributions you made,
will be recorded by history.
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00:01:02,629 --> 00:01:05,527
NO END IN SIGHT
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00:01:25,085 --> 00:01:27,380
Thank You
U.S.A
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Baghdad, Iraq 2006
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00:03:01,848 --> 00:03:06,285
We severely condemn criminal
action by U.S forces.
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00:03:06,286 --> 00:03:10,253
We mourn the catastrophe by
the hands of evil forces.
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00:03:21,467 --> 00:03:24,570
We demand the execution
of the Wahabi unbelievers
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00:03:24,571 --> 00:03:26,738
who have the support
of the Americans.
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00:03:26,739 --> 00:03:28,974
They have been arrested
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00:03:28,975 --> 00:03:33,145
and admitted their guilt
before all who saw them.
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00:03:33,146 --> 00:03:37,182
We demand their execution.
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00:03:38,918 --> 00:03:42,354
On May 1, 2003,
president George W. Bush...
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00:03:42,355 --> 00:03:46,491
declared an end to major
combat operations in Iraq, and said...
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00:03:46,492 --> 00:03:51,429
" In the battle of Iraq, the US
and our allies have prevailed. "
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00:04:16,356 --> 00:04:19,591
Four years later, after over
3,000 american deaths...
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00:04:19,592 --> 00:04:22,154
and over 20,000
american wounded,...
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00:04:22,155 --> 00:04:25,267
Iraq has disintegrated
into chaos.
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00:04:25,514 --> 00:04:29,726
Baghdad suffers from ten
to fifteen bombings a day...
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00:04:29,727 --> 00:04:32,457
perhaps 50 deceased in act of service...
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00:04:32,458 --> 00:04:35,302
but I suspect that's
drastically underreported
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00:04:35,303 --> 00:04:39,284
We're probably catch a third
of what's actually occurring.
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00:04:39,285 --> 00:04:42,202
Millions of Iraqis have lost
access to drinking water...
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00:04:42,203 --> 00:04:45,676
sewage treatment and electricity
since the invasion.
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00:04:45,677 --> 00:04:47,920
Baghdad, a city of 6 million...
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00:04:47,921 --> 00:04:52,329
has been under an 8 PM curfew
since March of 2006.
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00:04:52,330 --> 00:04:56,351
Over 3 million Iraqis have fled
to neighbouring countries.
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00:04:56,444 --> 00:05:01,833
Estimates of the civilian death toll
range as high as 600,000
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00:05:01,834 --> 00:05:04,703
People who... die are lucky...
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00:05:05,438 --> 00:05:08,917
But people living,... they are dead
while they're alive.
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00:05:08,918 --> 00:05:13,603
The west and the north of Iraq
are controlled by the insurgents.
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00:05:13,646 --> 00:05:16,749
The rest of Iraq
is controlled by the militias.
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00:05:16,792 --> 00:05:21,453
Iraq's two major moslem groups, the
Chiít majority and Sunni minority...
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00:05:21,454 --> 00:05:23,555
are increasingly in war.
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00:05:24,116 --> 00:05:26,216
They executed them for being Sunnis.
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00:05:26,259 --> 00:05:29,828
We have been living together
until this day.
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00:05:29,829 --> 00:05:35,634
This is an Iranian wave against us.
An Iranian wave.
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00:05:35,635 --> 00:05:38,770
We are Muslims. How is this possible?
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00:05:38,771 --> 00:05:41,707
They say they are the Army of Mahdi.
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00:05:41,708 --> 00:05:43,342
Is this what the Mahdi army does?
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00:05:43,343 --> 00:05:45,510
Look what he's become.
53
00:05:45,511 --> 00:05:48,079
Open the sack,
let them see his face.
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From January, 2003 until January, 2005...
55
00:06:18,478 --> 00:06:20,912
I was a president
of the National Council of Intelligence.
56
00:06:20,913 --> 00:06:27,208
We produced the first national estimate
on the state of the insugency in Iraq.
57
00:06:27,309 --> 00:06:29,020
The estimate delivered
pretty bad news.
58
00:06:29,063 --> 00:06:32,895
It basically laid out
bad, worse and worsed scenarios.
59
00:06:32,938 --> 00:06:34,922
The president
called it guesswork...
60
00:06:35,007 --> 00:06:38,003
and his press spokesman
called it...
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00:06:38,456 --> 00:06:40,796
Hand-wringing and Nay-saying.
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00:06:42,206 --> 00:06:45,294
What was only reveling to me
was the president hadn't read it.
63
00:06:45,405 --> 00:06:49,964
This is the history of
America's invasion of Iraq.
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00:06:56,015 --> 00:06:59,482
It is a story in which many people
tried to save a nation.
65
00:07:13,090 --> 00:07:17,298
On September 11, 2001 was a
very clear, bright beautiful day.
66
00:07:17,419 --> 00:07:20,674
I had just come back from
the Pentagon barber-shop.
67
00:07:21,179 --> 00:07:25,168
walked by my office and glanced
up on the TV-screen, and...
68
00:07:25,236 --> 00:07:26,458
there was...
69
00:07:26,501 --> 00:07:29,137
one of the twin-towers
burning.
70
00:07:29,649 --> 00:07:32,113
Pentagon Surveillance Camera
71
00:07:32,185 --> 00:07:34,856
We never heard the plane comming in
at least I didn't.
72
00:07:35,427 --> 00:07:39,227
Suddenly, the whole world
turned upside down.
73
00:07:39,625 --> 00:07:41,927
I saw that fire-ball... and... I tell you...
74
00:07:42,116 --> 00:07:45,341
I saw that.. and I said to my self
I'm going to die today.
75
00:07:45,423 --> 00:07:49,300
That plane had come directly
under our section of the offices.
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00:07:49,343 --> 00:07:50,766
The Army budget office.
77
00:07:50,828 --> 00:07:55,355
where 38 Army employees where killed
was directley beneath us.
78
00:07:55,457 --> 00:07:59,478
and the Navy's new command center,
was two floors beneath us
79
00:07:59,479 --> 00:08:02,423
everybody was killed
in those two sections.
80
00:08:02,473 --> 00:08:05,475
This was something Osama Bin Laden
had orchestrated...
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00:08:05,518 --> 00:08:07,854
because he was the only terrorist
I could think of...
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00:08:07,946 --> 00:08:09,308
who could have
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00:08:09,351 --> 00:08:11,033
coordinated this
kind of activity.
84
00:08:11,076 --> 00:08:14,117
- So you had this thought think immediately?
- Immediately. Immediately.
85
00:08:15,820 --> 00:08:19,228
A month after September 11,
the US entered Afghanistan...
86
00:08:19,271 --> 00:08:22,073
in search of Al Qaeda
and of Osama Bin Laden.
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00:08:22,168 --> 00:08:25,697
But even before the Afghan war
several senior administaration officials...
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00:08:25,740 --> 00:08:27,474
were looking at
another target.
89
00:08:27,540 --> 00:08:30,506
One that had nothing to do
with the 9/11 attacks.
90
00:08:31,541 --> 00:08:34,586
When the plane(s ?) hit the Pentagon,
I was in the building.
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00:08:34,693 --> 00:08:38,760
And then...I guess the next...
big thing that sort of happened, was we...
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00:08:38,817 --> 00:08:40,368
immidialely got tasked...
93
00:08:40,411 --> 00:08:42,454
to see if we could draw
any relationship
94
00:08:42,547 --> 00:08:45,079
between Saddam and Al Qaeda.
95
00:08:45,217 --> 00:08:47,311
I went right away to the...
96
00:08:47,380 --> 00:08:49,902
to the counter
terrorism...group...
97
00:08:49,977 --> 00:08:52,089
to their chief Iraqi analyst..
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00:08:52,164 --> 00:08:54,593
And the two of us
sat down over a few days...
99
00:08:54,636 --> 00:08:57,996
and looked at... all the historical reportning
that we could go through
100
00:08:58,039 --> 00:08:59,462
In which you conclude?
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00:08:59,505 --> 00:09:01,966
Well we concluded that
there was no relation.
102
00:09:02,009 --> 00:09:07,791
His regime aids and protects terrorists,
including members of Al Qaeda.
103
00:09:07,900 --> 00:09:11,216
We continue to watch Iraq's involment
in terrorist activities.
104
00:09:11,329 --> 00:09:13,431
What I want to bring
to your attention today, is...
105
00:09:13,514 --> 00:09:17,000
the potentially much more
sinister nexus between...
106
00:09:17,063 --> 00:09:19,157
Iraq and the Al Qaeda
terrorist network.
107
00:09:19,226 --> 00:09:21,895
We don't want the smoking gun
to be a mushroom cloud.
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00:09:22,158 --> 00:09:23,471
Iraq has drones
109
00:09:23,532 --> 00:09:25,963
and they'ar gonna take this drones
and put them on this ships
110
00:09:26,006 --> 00:09:29,613
and they'ar gona arm the drones with...
chemical biological weapon...
111
00:09:29,656 --> 00:09:32,038
and they'ar gona fly
these drones of the ships...
112
00:09:32,104 --> 00:09:34,441
and attack the
east coast of US.
113
00:09:34,465 --> 00:09:36,599
You know, this is
absolut fantasy land.
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00:09:38,149 --> 00:09:39,678
I don't know what
they were smoking...
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00:09:39,679 --> 00:09:41,830
but it must have
been very good.
116
00:09:41,914 --> 00:09:45,135
George W. Bush's,
foreign policy inner circle.
117
00:09:45,239 --> 00:09:47,707
Cheney, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz...
118
00:09:47,766 --> 00:09:51,206
set the administration on course
for war with Iraq.
119
00:09:51,324 --> 00:09:53,818
Condolezza Rice
sided with them.
120
00:09:53,893 --> 00:09:55,794
Colin Powell and Richard Armitage...
121
00:09:55,795 --> 00:09:58,362
the only senior officials
with combat experience...
122
00:09:58,409 --> 00:10:00,232
expressed concerns privately....
123
00:10:00,275 --> 00:10:02,923
but supported the
administration in public.
124
00:10:03,216 --> 00:10:07,680
HISTORY
125
00:10:09,075 --> 00:10:12,010
Bush's advisors had
been involved with Saddam Hussein...
126
00:10:12,011 --> 00:10:14,778
since he invaded Iran in 1980...
127
00:10:14,847 --> 00:10:17,756
in a brutal war that killed
nearly a million people.
128
00:10:17,831 --> 00:10:19,409
Iraq used chemical weapon...
129
00:10:19,452 --> 00:10:23,078
against both the Iranian military
and innocent civilans.
130
00:10:23,155 --> 00:10:25,056
Saddam invested
billions (n x 10^9) of dollars...
131
00:10:25,057 --> 00:10:28,190
in nuclear, chemical and biological
weapons programs
132
00:10:28,233 --> 00:10:31,705
while murdering 300,000
of his own citizens.
133
00:10:31,998 --> 00:10:34,432
But the Reagan administration, fearing Iran
134
00:10:34,521 --> 00:10:38,458
supported Saddam with military
intelligence and economic aid.
135
00:10:38,537 --> 00:10:41,710
Donald Rumsfeld met
with Saddam in 1983.
136
00:10:41,874 --> 00:10:44,609
Colin Powell was Reagan's
national security advisor
137
00:10:44,610 --> 00:10:47,012
from 1987 to 1989.
138
00:10:47,077 --> 00:10:48,793
The 80s really summed up...
139
00:10:49,366 --> 00:10:51,773
in a dreadfull...
but very very telling
140
00:10:51,875 --> 00:10:53,492
State Departement document...
141
00:10:53,607 --> 00:10:55,435
from 1987...
142
00:10:55,637 --> 00:10:56,813
which said...
143
00:10:56,856 --> 00:11:01,565
human rights and chemical weapons
used aside,...
144
00:11:02,028 --> 00:11:05,296
our interest run roughly
parallell to those of Iraq.
145
00:11:05,399 --> 00:11:09,366
The Iran - Iraq war ends
in stalemate in 1988.
146
00:11:09,624 --> 00:11:12,544
In 1990, Saddam invades Kuwait.
147
00:11:12,925 --> 00:11:15,094
A US lead coalition
expelles him...
148
00:11:15,137 --> 00:11:19,093
in a war masterminded by
Dick Cheney, then Secretary of Defense...
149
00:11:19,218 --> 00:11:22,772
Paul Wolfowitz, then Under Secretary of Defense for Policy...
150
00:11:22,815 --> 00:11:26,821
and Colin Powell, then Chairman
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
151
00:11:26,931 --> 00:11:30,934
The first President Bush urges the Iraqi's
to stage a coup against Saddam.
152
00:11:30,990 --> 00:11:33,958
There is another way
for the bloodshed to stop...
153
00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:38,996
and that is for the Iraqi military
and the Iraqi people...
154
00:11:39,065 --> 00:11:40,899
to take matters into their own hands
155
00:11:40,942 --> 00:11:43,609
and force Saddam Hussein,
the dictator....
156
00:11:43,766 --> 00:11:45,112
to step aside...
157
00:11:45,171 --> 00:11:47,706
Yet when Iraq's southern
Shiit's rise up
158
00:11:47,781 --> 00:11:50,511
the administration allows
Saddam to repress them
159
00:11:50,612 --> 00:11:54,567
14... out of Iraq's 18 govenors (provinces)...
160
00:11:54,610 --> 00:11:56,615
where under rebel control...
161
00:11:56,716 --> 00:12:00,719
when general Schwartzkopf...
allowed... Saddam Hussein
162
00:12:00,762 --> 00:12:03,780
to use...
helicopter gunships...
163
00:12:03,823 --> 00:12:07,609
to massacre... the rebels...,
men, women and children.
164
00:12:07,660 --> 00:12:11,128
The 1991 armistice requires
Iraq to disarm.
165
00:12:11,229 --> 00:12:13,356
but Saddam refuses
to comply.
166
00:12:13,468 --> 00:12:15,667
As a results Iraq's
economy crumbles
167
00:12:15,668 --> 00:12:18,961
under a UN embargo
instituted in 1993
168
00:12:19,030 --> 00:12:21,717
and continued by the
Clinton administration
169
00:12:21,938 --> 00:12:24,406
Saddam's favored elite
remain welthy
170
00:12:24,580 --> 00:12:27,616
but ordinary Iraqis are
plunged into extreme poverty
171
00:12:27,700 --> 00:12:30,339
and many turned
fundamentalist Islam
172
00:12:31,517 --> 00:12:35,086
In 1993, when
George Bush senior visits Kuwait...
173
00:12:35,087 --> 00:12:37,484
Saddam attempts to assissnate him.
174
00:12:37,857 --> 00:12:41,694
Seven years later, his son
is elected president of the US.
175
00:12:41,761 --> 00:12:45,363
When you see the same architects
of those policies...
176
00:12:45,364 --> 00:12:47,138
on the one hand,
talking about
177
00:12:47,181 --> 00:12:51,041
getting right what they had
gotten wrong, back in 1991, you know...
178
00:12:51,088 --> 00:12:52,557
finishing the job.
179
00:12:52,638 --> 00:12:55,841
I was tempting to say,
well... mybe they've learned.
180
00:12:56,162 --> 00:13:02,100
Saddam Hussein and his sons...
must leave Iraq within 48 hours.
181
00:13:02,228 --> 00:13:06,024
A refusal to do so,
will result in military conflict...
182
00:13:06,143 --> 00:13:09,150
commenced...
at a time of our choosing.
183
00:13:09,255 --> 00:13:13,792
NATIONAL SECURITY
PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE - NUMBER 24
184
00:13:13,867 --> 00:13:18,183
If you want to date the beginning of the
disaster of postwar Iraq...
185
00:13:18,226 --> 00:13:21,386
it would be
January 20, 2003...
186
00:13:21,465 --> 00:13:25,177
when Bush signed without,
as far as I can tell...
187
00:13:25,241 --> 00:13:28,744
any real discussion within the
White House or the administration...
188
00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:33,259
National Security
Presidential Directive - Number 24
189
00:13:33,364 --> 00:13:36,705
which gave control of postwar Iraq
to the Pentagon.
190
00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:39,876
That document essentially made
Donald Rumsfeld...
191
00:13:39,999 --> 00:13:42,532
the main actor
on postwar Iraq.
192
00:13:42,621 --> 00:13:46,581
This war was conceived by a very
small group of people inside
193
00:13:46,632 --> 00:13:48,620
the Bush administration.
194
00:13:48,663 --> 00:13:53,761
they had an entirely and naive
vision of what Iraq was
195
00:13:53,833 --> 00:13:57,002
and what Iraqis would do
once the regime fell.
196
00:13:57,045 --> 00:13:59,937
In formulating its views on
post-saddam Iraq
197
00:13:59,997 --> 00:14:03,833
the administration relied
heavily on a man named Ahmed Chalabi.
198
00:14:03,876 --> 00:14:06,318
Since 1992,
Chalabi had been president...
199
00:14:06,361 --> 00:14:09,797
of the Iraqi National Congress, or INC.
200
00:14:09,949 --> 00:14:11,741
Widely viewed with
suspicion.
201
00:14:11,784 --> 00:14:15,420
Chalabi had been convicted in Jordan
over a huge bank fraud.
202
00:14:15,512 --> 00:14:18,681
The intelligence comunity found
his information unreliable...
203
00:14:18,724 --> 00:14:20,525
or even fraudulent.
204
00:14:20,579 --> 00:14:22,767
At best I think...
205
00:14:23,455 --> 00:14:24,818
they were liars.
206
00:14:24,861 --> 00:14:26,842
and at worst,
they were provocateurs.
207
00:14:26,933 --> 00:14:28,511
If it's an INC source...
208
00:14:28,554 --> 00:14:32,414
it was always looked at
very very sceptically...
209
00:14:32,641 --> 00:14:34,258
by the analyst.
210
00:14:34,298 --> 00:14:36,321
But that wasn't the case
with policy makers.
211
00:14:36,364 --> 00:14:39,902
Chalabi asserted that postwar Iraq
would be pro-american
212
00:14:39,945 --> 00:14:41,647
and easily stabilized...
213
00:14:41,690 --> 00:14:44,673
particularly if Chalabi
himself was in charge
214
00:14:44,750 --> 00:14:47,118
And so the plan was, essetially...
215
00:14:47,263 --> 00:14:49,560
we'll stay for three or four months
216
00:14:49,646 --> 00:14:53,783
we will install... a goverment made up
of exiles..
217
00:14:53,992 --> 00:14:56,488
and lead by Ahmed Chalabi...
218
00:14:56,771 --> 00:15:00,212
and then, in August or September, 2003...
219
00:15:00,266 --> 00:15:05,547
we will begin...a drastic
reduction of troops.
220
00:15:05,608 --> 00:15:08,318
Larry Di Rita addressed us
in one form and said
221
00:15:08,361 --> 00:15:11,189
by the end of August, 2003...
222
00:15:11,255 --> 00:15:15,315
we will have all but
25 to 30,000 troops out of Iraq.
223
00:15:15,372 --> 00:15:18,574
I heard him say that
in a room full of people
224
00:15:18,617 --> 00:15:20,444
And I turned to my colleagues
225
00:15:20,487 --> 00:15:22,355
I said this guy doesn't know
what he's talking about
226
00:15:22,398 --> 00:15:24,522
It's physically impossible.
227
00:15:24,659 --> 00:15:27,570
The Future project of Iraq
of the department of the state...
228
00:15:27,616 --> 00:15:30,326
a 13 volume study on
postwar Iraq...
229
00:15:30,451 --> 00:15:32,053
was ignored by the Pentagon.
230
00:15:32,139 --> 00:15:34,154
It was an awful lot of
thinking at state department
231
00:15:34,197 --> 00:15:39,129
boards feet of volumes
on how we should do this.
232
00:15:39,215 --> 00:15:40,595
Almost non of this...
233
00:15:40,638 --> 00:15:42,676
was integrated in the
Pentagons thinking.
234
00:15:42,741 --> 00:15:46,668
Secretaries frustration,
along with my own, grew
235
00:15:46,712 --> 00:15:50,915
as we watched our carefull planning,
our detailed planning...
236
00:15:50,916 --> 00:15:52,283
essentially discarded...
237
00:15:52,284 --> 00:15:55,824
and the people involved in it,
essentially discarded
238
00:15:55,955 --> 00:15:58,690
so that more loyal...
239
00:15:58,962 --> 00:16:02,318
in line with the the republican
party's view and so forth...
240
00:16:02,361 --> 00:16:05,659
people could be apointed
key positions in Iraq.
241
00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:07,845
THE WAR
242
00:16:08,109 --> 00:16:09,253
At this hour,...
243
00:16:09,296 --> 00:16:11,214
American and coalition forces
244
00:16:11,261 --> 00:16:13,629
are in the early stages of
military operations...
245
00:16:14,124 --> 00:16:16,774
to disarm Iraq,
to free its people...
246
00:16:17,251 --> 00:16:19,821
and to defend the world
from great danger.
247
00:16:43,102 --> 00:16:46,300
I joined the Marine because I always
thought it as a really important job...
248
00:16:46,343 --> 00:16:49,524
and didn't feel I'll be content
with myself going through life
249
00:16:49,581 --> 00:16:52,975
knowing that other people
had fought for my freedom.
250
00:16:53,051 --> 00:16:55,528
I joined the army to ah...
251
00:16:56,773 --> 00:16:58,515
support my country...and ah...
252
00:17:00,893 --> 00:17:03,072
thought it was a good thang
to do, ya know...
253
00:17:03,277 --> 00:17:04,538
It was...
254
00:17:05,955 --> 00:17:07,425
an honor...
255
00:17:07,663 --> 00:17:11,846
To go there and help my
fellow soldiers...
256
00:17:12,563 --> 00:17:14,149
to do...
257
00:17:14,282 --> 00:17:16,997
what they telled us
to go and do there
258
00:17:17,103 --> 00:17:20,686
maybe... take out a... dictator...
259
00:17:20,729 --> 00:17:23,124
out of the... power...
260
00:17:23,268 --> 00:17:25,824
to reestablish
the democracy.
261
00:17:28,414 --> 00:17:31,485
I just... was waiting for
the war to happen
262
00:17:31,528 --> 00:17:33,126
because it was the...
263
00:17:33,330 --> 00:17:36,766
the only ray of hope I had
to look for...
264
00:17:38,178 --> 00:17:42,404
And when it happened,
I was... excited,
265
00:17:43,047 --> 00:17:45,229
that things would move slowly...
266
00:17:45,230 --> 00:17:48,566
but... towards
better circumstances.
267
00:17:48,567 --> 00:17:50,334
Thank you, mister Bush.
268
00:17:50,335 --> 00:17:53,154
We very like mister Bush!
269
00:17:53,234 --> 00:17:56,417
Not, not to Saddam! Yes, yes to Bush!
270
00:17:56,508 --> 00:17:59,916
Not, not to Saddam! Yes, yes to Bush!
271
00:17:59,994 --> 00:18:02,747
Oh people, look what
he's done,
272
00:18:02,852 --> 00:18:04,727
look what he's done to Iraq!
273
00:18:04,770 --> 00:18:08,524
It was a confusing,
laud, noisy...
274
00:18:08,657 --> 00:18:12,321
scarry, hopefull place
all kind of wrapped up together.
275
00:18:12,416 --> 00:18:16,606
I would se kids with...ski caps on
that would say FBI across it.
276
00:18:16,682 --> 00:18:18,313
They were giving me
the big thumbs up
277
00:18:18,356 --> 00:18:20,202
And other young men...
278
00:18:20,267 --> 00:18:23,159
who probably were fedayin,
in civilian clothes
279
00:18:23,202 --> 00:18:25,658
giving me very
hard stares...and...
280
00:18:25,884 --> 00:18:27,655
kind of sizing
me up and...
281
00:18:27,698 --> 00:18:29,640
always looking at the
licens plate of the car.
282
00:18:29,732 --> 00:18:33,982
The Iraqis were...waiting to see
what this was going to bring them.
283
00:18:34,146 --> 00:18:37,736
The presence of the Americans had not been
rejected...
284
00:18:37,947 --> 00:18:39,830
yet, by the Iraqis.
285
00:18:39,883 --> 00:18:42,651
No Saddam, no Saddam!
286
00:18:42,712 --> 00:18:45,899
I've seen people welcoming
the coalition troops...
287
00:18:45,988 --> 00:18:47,613
Because we thought...
288
00:18:47,745 --> 00:18:51,493
everything is planned,
everything is prepared.
289
00:18:52,898 --> 00:18:54,624
There you go!
290
00:18:55,501 --> 00:19:00,055
During World War 2, the US
started planning the occupation of Germany...
291
00:19:00,110 --> 00:19:01,922
2 years in advance.
292
00:19:02,152 --> 00:19:04,556
But the Bush administration
didn't create the organization...
293
00:19:04,599 --> 00:19:06,994
that would manage the
occupation of Iraq...
294
00:19:07,075 --> 00:19:09,776
until 60 days
before the invasion.
295
00:19:10,073 --> 00:19:14,930
ORHA - Organization for
Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance
296
00:19:15,062 --> 00:19:18,222
Reported directly to
Defense Secretary Rumsfeld.
297
00:19:18,588 --> 00:19:22,177
I got a call from the office of
Secretary Defense...
298
00:19:22,239 --> 00:19:24,964
in late January and
they were life meeting.
299
00:19:25,007 --> 00:19:27,523
Handle humanitarian affairs,
reconstruction.
300
00:19:27,665 --> 00:19:31,992
Retired Army General Jay Garner,
was appoited to run ORHA.
301
00:19:32,187 --> 00:19:35,601
In the first Golf War
he had commsnded 22.000 soldiers...
302
00:19:35,644 --> 00:19:37,745
resposible for humanitarian
operations...
303
00:19:37,776 --> 00:19:40,355
in the Kurdish zone
of northen Iraq.
304
00:19:40,712 --> 00:19:43,451
This time, he would be
running the entire country.
305
00:19:43,596 --> 00:19:46,349
Did you... think you were
prepared to run Iraq.
306
00:19:46,458 --> 00:19:49,294
I don't think we were ever prepared,
I mean...
307
00:19:50,743 --> 00:19:53,024
A task of that magnitude probably
takes years to prepare.
308
00:19:53,097 --> 00:19:54,350
Because nobody had years.
309
00:19:54,393 --> 00:19:56,607
I got a call
on my cellphone
310
00:19:56,824 --> 00:19:59,088
From someone at
the State Department,
311
00:19:59,131 --> 00:20:02,033
telling me that Rich Armitage
was looking for me...
312
00:20:02,034 --> 00:20:05,303
and wanted me back
in Washington,... right now.
313
00:20:05,365 --> 00:20:08,739
Ambassador Barbara Bodine
was placed in charge of Baghdad...
314
00:20:08,740 --> 00:20:10,758
only 3 weeks before the war.
315
00:20:10,813 --> 00:20:12,843
She was a career Foreign Service officer
316
00:20:12,844 --> 00:20:15,000
who had served in Yemen, Iraq...
317
00:20:15,086 --> 00:20:17,448
and had been a hostage
in Kuwait five months...
318
00:20:17,449 --> 00:20:19,834
after Saddam's in 1990.
319
00:20:19,918 --> 00:20:22,880
She was one of the few
State Department middle East experts,
320
00:20:22,923 --> 00:20:25,369
that the Pentagon
allowed into Iraq.
321
00:20:25,414 --> 00:20:26,928
She was one of the
few we could get in.
322
00:20:26,971 --> 00:20:28,735
I thought they initially made a misstake
323
00:20:28,778 --> 00:20:30,735
They thought they had a woman
and she would be an easy mark
324
00:20:30,778 --> 00:20:32,980
But Barbara was the
toughest member of the service.
325
00:20:33,065 --> 00:20:35,766
By 2003, army colonel Paul Hughes...
326
00:20:35,767 --> 00:20:37,735
had worked in the Pentagon
for 6 years...
327
00:20:37,736 --> 00:20:39,337
doing planning and strategy work...
328
00:20:39,338 --> 00:20:41,545
for senior Defense Department officials
329
00:20:41,565 --> 00:20:44,422
I wound up being assigned
to the...
330
00:20:44,787 --> 00:20:47,778
Office of Reconstruction and
Humanitarian assistans...
331
00:20:47,779 --> 00:20:48,946
under Jay Garner.
332
00:20:48,947 --> 00:20:51,707
And I was the director
of strategic policy, for him.
333
00:20:52,034 --> 00:20:58,652
ORHA started work at the Pentagon 50 days
before the invasion of Iraq.
334
00:20:58,724 --> 00:21:01,151
We were given a
sweat off offices
335
00:21:01,194 --> 00:21:03,884
that had been unoccupied
for a couple of years.
336
00:21:03,927 --> 00:21:06,796
Had no computers in it,
you have people showing up daily
337
00:21:06,839 --> 00:21:08,424
asking
"Where do I sit?"
338
00:21:08,467 --> 00:21:10,007
They had no staff.
339
00:21:10,379 --> 00:21:13,934
I had no personnel,
I had nothing from...
340
00:21:14,013 --> 00:21:16,732
either a senior deputy
down to a secretary
341
00:21:16,775 --> 00:21:19,296
There is only one meeting at
the National Defense University.
342
00:21:19,354 --> 00:21:22,214
and it was the...I think
concensus opinion.
343
00:21:22,381 --> 00:21:24,582
of the people who went
to that meeting...
344
00:21:24,784 --> 00:21:27,551
with whom I spoke afterwards.
345
00:21:27,594 --> 00:21:30,657
That hey...
"This is a crazy".
346
00:21:31,857 --> 00:21:33,115
that was our
first meeting...
347
00:21:33,158 --> 00:21:35,960
and we're not given
a hole lot of confidece
by there first meeting...
348
00:21:35,961 --> 00:21:37,395
because, essentially...
349
00:21:37,396 --> 00:21:40,083
we didn't do anything
except meet each other.
350
00:21:40,161 --> 00:21:42,329
It was completely
unstructured.
351
00:21:43,074 --> 00:21:44,965
There were no plans.
352
00:21:45,410 --> 00:21:47,371
There truely were...
no plans.
353
00:21:47,451 --> 00:21:51,776
On the 16th of March, ORHA
flew out to Kuwait City.
354
00:21:51,777 --> 00:21:54,470
we had 167 people
that flew with us.
355
00:21:54,550 --> 00:21:57,561
167 people that were to
essetially become the
356
00:21:57,604 --> 00:22:00,702
government of a
country of 25 millions.
357
00:22:01,186 --> 00:22:04,688
BAGHDAD, APRIL 9th, 2003
358
00:22:04,748 --> 00:22:06,215
After the fall of Baghdad...
359
00:22:06,258 --> 00:22:08,292
we had no idea what really
was gonna happen
360
00:22:08,293 --> 00:22:10,919
and there certainly didn't seem
to be much of a plan
361
00:22:10,962 --> 00:22:12,836
What we generally
were being told
362
00:22:12,879 --> 00:22:14,998
is that we'd be getting
back on the ships
363
00:22:15,049 --> 00:22:18,752
within a month or two... of...,
essentially conquering Iraq.
364
00:22:18,804 --> 00:22:22,933
As American forces entered the capital,
looting broke out everywhere.
365
00:22:26,963 --> 00:22:31,958
While we were in Kuwait, we were as
glued to the TV, as everyone else.
366
00:22:32,465 --> 00:22:34,734
There was the realization...
367
00:22:34,777 --> 00:22:37,325
that there was
absolute lawlessnes
368
00:22:37,368 --> 00:22:39,959
and chaos
going on in Iraq.
369
00:22:42,414 --> 00:22:44,648
The Americans were'nt
doing anything. They....
370
00:22:44,976 --> 00:22:47,837
would... sit at
certain intersections, but...
371
00:22:48,196 --> 00:22:52,781
they wouldn't actually get out of the
HUMV's or out of the tanks
and really do much.
372
00:22:54,873 --> 00:22:57,702
Time passed and we
didn't see any progress.
373
00:22:57,745 --> 00:23:01,394
The only progress we found is
the uncontrolled freedom.
374
00:23:01,513 --> 00:23:05,082
Looters had... to loot all
the govermental buildings
375
00:23:05,083 --> 00:23:07,485
and even private ownd companies.
376
00:23:07,575 --> 00:23:11,989
The looting was partly a
factor of the troop levels...
377
00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:16,494
and the sens that Rumsfeld
communicated to his commanders...
378
00:23:16,495 --> 00:23:18,876
and his commanders
communicated down the chain...
379
00:23:18,919 --> 00:23:23,045
to the...platoon and
compay level.
380
00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:27,340
That... we were not there
to run Iraq.
381
00:23:27,464 --> 00:23:29,978
We were there to get rid
of the regime, and get out.
382
00:23:30,021 --> 00:23:32,034
We are not under
martial law here.
383
00:23:32,539 --> 00:23:35,407
In his order, general McKiernan
was not told...
384
00:23:35,680 --> 00:23:37,868
to establish martial law.
385
00:23:38,032 --> 00:23:40,767
Not once was
martial law declared.
386
00:23:40,844 --> 00:23:43,879
I just...I'll tell you honestly.
We're in a transition period.
387
00:23:43,922 --> 00:23:46,513
I mean, there is an
Iraqi civil law...
388
00:23:46,861 --> 00:23:48,009
but there
is no...
389
00:23:48,091 --> 00:23:52,628
You just heard we just opened up
they first two courts today...
390
00:23:52,813 --> 00:23:55,023
so, I mean when you
starting at nothing
391
00:23:55,066 --> 00:23:57,811
Had martial law been declared,
wich would have been...
392
00:23:57,875 --> 00:24:00,916
authorized under the
4th Geneva Convention...
393
00:24:00,970 --> 00:24:04,208
maby we would have had...
a bit more security.
394
00:24:04,329 --> 00:24:06,052
We are a platoon of marines',
I mean we could...
395
00:24:06,095 --> 00:24:07,939
we could certainly stop
looting, if we...
396
00:24:08,146 --> 00:24:09,780
if that was our
assigned task.
397
00:24:09,781 --> 00:24:13,117
The greatest mystery...
of postwar Iraq
398
00:24:13,118 --> 00:24:16,093
involves that month or so
after the fall of Baghdad...
399
00:24:16,167 --> 00:24:18,427
Why the US didn't do anything to...
400
00:24:18,481 --> 00:24:20,572
to control the looting.
Because in a way...
401
00:24:20,615 --> 00:24:24,139
everything that has been
a problem since then,
started that first month.
402
00:24:24,254 --> 00:24:26,321
People at the
National Security Council
403
00:24:26,364 --> 00:24:28,839
secretary Powell,
myself and others...
404
00:24:29,189 --> 00:24:32,010
CIA director, did express
concern about the looting.
405
00:24:32,053 --> 00:24:34,388
Did you express any concern
to president Bush?
406
00:24:34,573 --> 00:24:37,466
I was at the meeting where it
was expressed by my boss.
407
00:24:37,509 --> 00:24:39,389
Tell me what mr Powell
said at that meeting.
408
00:24:39,432 --> 00:24:41,512
Well you know, it's not the
way we generally work.
409
00:24:41,513 --> 00:24:44,798
Our advice to the president
is generally kept that way,
private to the president.
410
00:24:44,841 --> 00:24:46,784
The word came
from Washington...
411
00:24:46,785 --> 00:24:48,385
that we're not
getting involved in that
412
00:24:48,386 --> 00:24:50,321
we're not going to
stop the looting...
413
00:24:50,322 --> 00:24:52,399
we're not doing
police work...
414
00:24:52,442 --> 00:24:54,377
that's not what
we're here for.
415
00:24:54,428 --> 00:24:55,537
And I think...
416
00:24:55,594 --> 00:24:59,547
So there were explicit
instructions from Washington...
417
00:24:59,602 --> 00:25:01,131
to not interfere
with the looting.
418
00:25:01,132 --> 00:25:02,235
Yes.
419
00:25:02,358 --> 00:25:08,958
The looting of Baghdad quickly transformed
inno organized, violent, large scale
destruction of the city.
420
00:25:09,001 --> 00:25:13,782
Hospitals, governmental offices,
universities, ministries...
421
00:25:13,877 --> 00:25:17,546
One CPA estimate had the
cost of the looting
422
00:25:17,607 --> 00:25:20,320
at 12 billion dollars (i.e 12,000 million).
423
00:25:20,777 --> 00:25:26,304
That was the revenue for Iraq
... in 2003-2004.
424
00:25:26,349 --> 00:25:30,319
I picked up a newspaper today
... and I couldn't belive it.
425
00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:33,697
I read... 8 headlines...
that talked about...
426
00:25:33,698 --> 00:25:37,046
" Chaos! Violence! Unrest! ".
427
00:25:37,135 --> 00:25:40,170
And it just was "henny-penny"
the sky is falling.
428
00:25:40,171 --> 00:25:43,139
Just imagine the room/the suite
that we're sitting in.
429
00:25:43,185 --> 00:25:46,510
and all that you have
is concrete walls
everything is gone.
430
00:25:46,511 --> 00:25:50,001
We're talking of people comming
in with industrial cranes...
431
00:25:50,044 --> 00:25:53,447
and walking off with
parts of a power plant.
432
00:25:53,977 --> 00:25:55,619
Think what's happening
in our cities...
433
00:25:55,620 --> 00:25:59,790
when we've had riots
and problems...and looting
434
00:25:59,791 --> 00:26:01,795
Stuff happens!
435
00:26:02,217 --> 00:26:04,518
This was not just people
stealing stuff from grocery stores.
436
00:26:04,574 --> 00:26:08,223
I mean, this was people
chipping concrete, walls...
437
00:26:08,373 --> 00:26:10,867
into little pieces so they could
take the rebar out.
438
00:26:10,910 --> 00:26:12,895
The images you were
seeing on television
439
00:26:12,938 --> 00:26:15,773
you were seeing over and
over and over,
440
00:26:15,853 --> 00:26:17,442
and it's the
same picture.
441
00:26:17,552 --> 00:26:20,672
Of some person walking out of
some building with a vase.
442
00:26:20,803 --> 00:26:24,540
I think that was probably the day
that we lost the Iraqis.
443
00:26:24,609 --> 00:26:28,113
You think "my goodness" ,
were there that many vases?
444
00:26:30,188 --> 00:26:34,203
It is possible that there were
that many vases in the whole country?
445
00:26:34,326 --> 00:26:37,363
Thats when it became
very clear, that...
446
00:26:37,416 --> 00:26:40,718
this liberation realy didn't
have anything to do
with the average Iraqi.
447
00:26:40,852 --> 00:26:45,479
There was a belief that the Americans
actually encouraged the looting
or wanted it to happen.
448
00:26:46,017 --> 00:26:48,018
The destruction of
our country.
449
00:26:48,064 --> 00:26:49,631
How could they
let this happen?
450
00:26:49,674 --> 00:26:53,166
So wether you're suni or chia..
you're outraged about the looting.
451
00:26:53,215 --> 00:26:57,752
We had done... a list
of 20 sites...
452
00:26:57,795 --> 00:27:00,230
that we thought needed
to be protected.
453
00:27:00,939 --> 00:27:05,022
Historical, culturel,
artistic, religious
454
00:27:05,065 --> 00:27:10,385
And we had provided that
and it realy made no difference, what so ever.
455
00:27:10,428 --> 00:27:16,200
The oil ministry, was the only major facility
protected by the US Military.
456
00:27:16,201 --> 00:27:22,506
None of the sites on ORHA's
list were protected.
457
00:27:22,507 --> 00:27:24,800
The Iraq National Museum in Baghdad...
458
00:27:24,849 --> 00:27:26,583
number one on ORHA's list...
459
00:27:26,678 --> 00:27:29,313
contained some of the worlds
most important artefacts...
460
00:27:29,314 --> 00:27:31,682
of early human civilization.
461
00:27:31,736 --> 00:27:33,861
The museum was never protected.
462
00:27:33,910 --> 00:27:36,285
It is a property of our nation,
463
00:27:36,339 --> 00:27:38,922
and the treasure of 7.000
years of civilization.
464
00:27:38,923 --> 00:27:40,403
Why do they allow it?
465
00:27:40,458 --> 00:27:43,527
Iraq's National Library
and National Archives...
466
00:27:43,528 --> 00:27:46,989
containing thousands of ancient
manuscripts... where burnt down.
467
00:27:47,032 --> 00:27:51,402
All what was written
468
00:27:51,747 --> 00:27:53,862
was keeping in this library.
469
00:27:54,005 --> 00:27:57,941
Now we have no national heritage.
470
00:27:58,020 --> 00:27:59,794
Three days ago...
471
00:27:59,837 --> 00:28:02,140
me and the doctor Jabar Khalil...
472
00:28:02,183 --> 00:28:04,882
chairman of the
State Board of Antiquities,
473
00:28:04,883 --> 00:28:09,830
went to the headquarter
of the marine in the Hotel Palestine.
474
00:28:10,088 --> 00:28:12,190
We waited there for
about four hours...
475
00:28:12,233 --> 00:28:14,474
til we met a
colonel there.
476
00:28:14,547 --> 00:28:19,284
And at that day, he promised that
he would send armored cars...
477
00:28:19,364 --> 00:28:22,372
to protect what's
left from the museum.
478
00:28:23,435 --> 00:28:26,570
Three days ago, til now
nobody came.
479
00:28:26,571 --> 00:28:30,643
To try to lay off the fact
of that... unfortunate...
480
00:28:31,756 --> 00:28:32,943
activity...
481
00:28:33,189 --> 00:28:35,464
on a defect in a war plan...
482
00:28:35,507 --> 00:28:37,483
it strikes me as stretch.
483
00:28:37,749 --> 00:28:42,086
Would you urge specifically,
by scolars and others,...
484
00:28:42,087 --> 00:28:44,655
about the danger to that museum
and what you urged to...
485
00:28:44,656 --> 00:28:47,391
provide a greater level of
protection and security...
486
00:28:47,392 --> 00:28:49,173
in the initial phases of the operation?
487
00:28:49,216 --> 00:28:50,320
Not to my knowledge.
488
00:28:50,378 --> 00:28:53,724
No one can claim that they where
caught by surprised by the looting.
489
00:28:53,812 --> 00:28:57,408
I just don't think they wanted to know.
They didn't wanna hear it.
490
00:29:12,778 --> 00:29:14,808
In the months leading up
to the invasion...
491
00:29:14,851 --> 00:29:17,319
a debate over troop levels
required in Iraq...
492
00:29:17,362 --> 00:29:20,202
had been privately brewing
between military leadship...
493
00:29:20,288 --> 00:29:22,137
and Donald Rumsfeld.
494
00:29:22,180 --> 00:29:24,615
Rumsfeld and his depute
Paul Wolfowitz...
495
00:29:24,666 --> 00:29:28,537
believed that a force of under
100.000 troops, would be sufficient.
496
00:29:28,580 --> 00:29:31,429
for the invasion and
occupation of Iraq.
497
00:29:31,482 --> 00:29:33,035
A month before the invasion...
498
00:29:33,078 --> 00:29:35,279
the fight over troop levels
became public...
499
00:29:35,340 --> 00:29:38,375
as the Chief of Staff
of the Army, Eric Shinseki...
500
00:29:38,376 --> 00:29:40,978
testified before the
Senate Arms Services Committee...
501
00:29:40,979 --> 00:29:43,190
ignoring pressure from
Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz.
502
00:29:43,233 --> 00:29:45,344
General Shinseki...
503
00:29:46,295 --> 00:29:48,692
could you give us some
ideas to the magnitude
504
00:29:48,735 --> 00:29:52,972
of the army's force requiremnt
for an occupation of Iraq?
505
00:29:53,015 --> 00:29:57,017
Somthing on the order of
several 100,000 soldiers are...
506
00:29:57,138 --> 00:29:59,441
um... are .. are probably...
507
00:30:00,192 --> 00:30:02,864
you know I figure that
would be required
508
00:30:02,907 --> 00:30:05,208
Reaction was immediate.
509
00:30:05,303 --> 00:30:07,970
What is, I think
reasonable cerain here is...
510
00:30:08,059 --> 00:30:11,495
the idea that it would take several 100,000 US forces...
511
00:30:11,501 --> 00:30:13,914
I think is far
from the mark.
512
00:30:14,012 --> 00:30:16,403
It's hard to conceive that
it would take more forces...
513
00:30:16,446 --> 00:30:19,414
to provide stability
on postwar Iraq...
514
00:30:19,723 --> 00:30:21,641
than it would take to conduct
the war itself...
515
00:30:21,684 --> 00:30:25,568
and to secure the surender
of Saddam's security forces in his army.
516
00:30:26,038 --> 00:30:27,124
Hard to imagine.
517
00:30:27,125 --> 00:30:28,860
Hard to imagine.
518
00:30:29,967 --> 00:30:32,830
Anyone who had any experience in...
519
00:30:32,831 --> 00:30:35,474
in the interventions
of the 90s, knew...
520
00:30:35,654 --> 00:30:37,559
that the opposite was true.
521
00:30:37,776 --> 00:30:42,747
You need... X number of soldiers
per thousand citizens...
522
00:30:42,748 --> 00:30:47,502
simply to provide...
a modicum of security.
523
00:30:47,631 --> 00:30:49,680
But Paul Wolfowitz
couldn't imagine it.
524
00:30:49,681 --> 00:30:53,817
Paul Wolfowitz refused
to be interviewed for this film.
525
00:30:53,967 --> 00:30:57,221
We're talking about....
of post hostilities
526
00:30:57,222 --> 00:31:03,147
control over a piece of geography...
that's fairly significant with a...
527
00:31:03,803 --> 00:31:08,585
the kinds of ethnic tension...
that could lead to a...
528
00:31:08,718 --> 00:31:10,000
other problems
529
00:31:10,001 --> 00:31:13,625
and so it takes significant
ground force presence...
530
00:31:13,668 --> 00:31:15,639
Did general Shinseki get it right?
531
00:31:15,682 --> 00:31:17,674
He was asked for his
best military opinion,
532
00:31:17,675 --> 00:31:20,066
and his experience
exceeds mine.
533
00:31:20,285 --> 00:31:22,446
He commanded
our forces in Bosnia.
534
00:31:22,489 --> 00:31:24,955
He did it for a year plus.
535
00:31:25,220 --> 00:31:27,019
He knows what
he's talking about.
536
00:31:27,099 --> 00:31:30,994
Secretary Powell and to the
same extent myself...
537
00:31:31,089 --> 00:31:34,946
we argued for more and more troops...
and we made some difference..
538
00:31:34,989 --> 00:31:38,520
but ultimately...it didn't seem that
we made enough of a difference.
539
00:31:38,563 --> 00:31:42,399
Rumsfeld eventually sent a force of
160,000 troops to Iraq.
540
00:31:42,519 --> 00:31:44,601
Personally I feel the war
would be going differently
541
00:31:44,602 --> 00:31:46,360
if you had a..hm...
542
00:31:47,141 --> 00:31:49,706
leadership that really understood...
543
00:31:49,707 --> 00:31:52,998
#1 What it's... like to be on the ground
544
00:31:53,087 --> 00:31:55,528
had actually served
in the armed forces...
545
00:31:55,671 --> 00:31:56,745
and...
546
00:31:56,788 --> 00:32:00,550
#2 really had a good...
manegerial (ministerial) grasp
547
00:32:00,551 --> 00:32:02,452
of making this thing work.
548
00:32:02,453 --> 00:32:04,187
The senior administration officials...
549
00:32:04,188 --> 00:32:06,555
who overruled the
military and state department...
550
00:32:06,598 --> 00:32:09,366
had no experience with
postwar reconstruction effords...
551
00:32:09,606 --> 00:32:11,929
and little or no military experience.
552
00:32:12,058 --> 00:32:14,914
Cheney avoided
the military service in Vietnam...
553
00:32:14,958 --> 00:32:16,825
thru five draft affirmants.
554
00:32:16,868 --> 00:32:21,267
Rumsfeld was a navy pilot in 1950,
but had nevver seen combat.
555
00:32:21,343 --> 00:32:24,484
Wolfowitz and Rice had
never served in the military.
556
00:32:24,687 --> 00:32:26,710
Bush had avoided the Vietnam draft...
557
00:32:26,711 --> 00:32:29,246
by joining the
Texas National Air Guard.
558
00:32:29,247 --> 00:32:33,850
He also had no foreign policy experience
prior... to becoming president.
559
00:32:33,851 --> 00:32:36,256
We were looking at it,
I say "we", those of us...
560
00:32:36,327 --> 00:32:38,216
who had military experience...
561
00:32:38,260 --> 00:32:40,351
and we would talk
abot this often...
562
00:32:40,959 --> 00:32:42,647
this doesn't look good.
563
00:32:42,690 --> 00:32:46,264
In mid April 2003, with the
looting still under way.
564
00:32:46,307 --> 00:32:49,716
Rumsfeld cancelled the deployment
of the First Cavalry Division
565
00:32:49,780 --> 00:32:52,112
A force of 16.000 soldiers.
566
00:32:52,155 --> 00:32:53,360
It chocked us.
567
00:32:53,422 --> 00:32:55,865
How can you turn off that division?
568
00:32:55,908 --> 00:32:59,801
If we've had that division
following us into Iraq...
569
00:32:59,802 --> 00:33:02,037
we would have stabilized
a lot more of Iraq...
570
00:33:02,080 --> 00:33:03,882
just to our presence.
571
00:33:03,982 --> 00:33:07,584
On April 19th,
ORHA finally entered Iraq...
572
00:33:07,903 --> 00:33:10,211
to begin postwar operations.
573
00:33:10,557 --> 00:33:12,756
Of the 20 ministries
we wanted to bring back
574
00:33:12,757 --> 00:33:16,252
16 of those buildings were destroyed
as a function of looting...
575
00:33:16,552 --> 00:33:17,774
We were starting
from zero.
576
00:33:17,817 --> 00:33:21,899
I mean, if there are no desks,
no chairs and no typwriters left...
577
00:33:21,966 --> 00:33:25,966
Where do we go and meet the Iraqis
to start working?
578
00:33:26,009 --> 00:33:28,277
Ther was no
structure left.
579
00:33:28,364 --> 00:33:30,332
Physical structure or
bureaucratic structure.
580
00:33:30,375 --> 00:33:32,554
I had put people out on the street
walking around asking:
581
00:33:32,597 --> 00:33:39,035
" Do you know anybody in medicin...
ministry of Health...Interior...Education...?"
582
00:33:39,078 --> 00:33:42,247
Within the group itself,
we had...
583
00:33:43,588 --> 00:33:48,136
I think probably five who
spoke any amount of Arabic.
584
00:33:48,192 --> 00:33:50,327
We had no phone list...
585
00:33:50,328 --> 00:33:51,795
We had no phones
for a while...
586
00:33:51,796 --> 00:33:54,731
so I guess having no phone list
was not really that important.
587
00:33:54,732 --> 00:33:57,100
We had no information,
we had no place to go...
588
00:33:57,101 --> 00:33:58,902
we did not know
who to contact.
589
00:34:00,221 --> 00:34:01,805
Not the best way to...
590
00:34:01,806 --> 00:34:04,004
Not the best way to
start an occupation.
591
00:34:04,075 --> 00:34:05,785
And what followed was...
592
00:34:05,934 --> 00:34:08,236
this pervasive
sense of lawlessness
593
00:34:08,279 --> 00:34:09,802
that Iraq never
recovered from
594
00:34:09,845 --> 00:34:11,437
And guys with the
guns took over...
595
00:34:11,482 --> 00:34:13,674
and they were the Iraqi
guys with the guns.
596
00:34:13,744 --> 00:34:18,220
THE VOID
597
00:34:21,798 --> 00:34:23,832
The fire fights
I got cought up in..
598
00:34:23,928 --> 00:34:27,055
were not fire fights where
Americans were being attacked
599
00:34:27,098 --> 00:34:29,324
it was Iraqi on Iraqi fire fights.
600
00:34:29,367 --> 00:34:31,468
You just be driving down
the street and suddenly...
601
00:34:31,469 --> 00:34:34,905
there a fusel out of fire
that just opens up on you.
602
00:34:34,906 --> 00:34:37,899
and you're just in the middle of
these guys shooting at each other.
603
00:34:38,223 --> 00:34:39,910
The streets were chaotic.
604
00:34:39,911 --> 00:34:42,312
People could kill
and get away with it.
605
00:34:42,313 --> 00:34:44,247
There was no
working police force.
606
00:34:44,248 --> 00:34:46,183
Just prior ... the invasion...
607
00:34:46,184 --> 00:34:48,618
Saddam released about
a 100.000 prisoners...
608
00:34:48,619 --> 00:34:50,818
common criminals, from the jails.
609
00:34:53,858 --> 00:34:58,586
In February, 2003...
610
00:34:58,587 --> 00:35:01,623
I got an invitation, to come and
brief the advisory panel
611
00:35:01,666 --> 00:35:03,300
led by advising
secretary Rumsfeld...
612
00:35:03,301 --> 00:35:05,435
on defense policy matters.
613
00:35:05,578 --> 00:35:07,246
What I told them
was that...
614
00:35:07,289 --> 00:35:09,457
based on our experiences in
previous peace operations...
615
00:35:09,778 --> 00:35:12,946
and what had happened
in Iraq historically
616
00:35:13,010 --> 00:35:15,879
it was very likely that
if the USA intervened...
617
00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:18,800
in captured Baghdad,
that we were likely to face...
618
00:35:18,959 --> 00:35:20,417
massive civil disturbances.
619
00:35:20,545 --> 00:35:23,987
I suggested that we needed about
2500 constabulary forces. officers...
620
00:35:23,988 --> 00:35:27,415
About 4000 civil police
street cops.
621
00:35:27,490 --> 00:35:31,003
And then teams of judicial advisers
and corrections officers.
622
00:35:31,128 --> 00:35:32,413
In the end they...
623
00:35:32,456 --> 00:35:35,335
agreed that this
was a good idea...
624
00:35:35,378 --> 00:35:38,694
there was'nt enough time,
but maby for the next war.
625
00:35:38,819 --> 00:35:41,304
Prior to the war,
the Baghdad morgue received...
626
00:35:41,416 --> 00:35:42,840
one murder case a month.
627
00:35:42,903 --> 00:35:45,638
Within a month, the were getting about
25 a day.
628
00:35:45,681 --> 00:35:48,817
They were seeing rapes,
..often for the first time..,
rapes and murders.
629
00:35:48,910 --> 00:35:50,780
Iraqi girls were
being kidnapped.
630
00:35:50,781 --> 00:35:52,445
Iraqi women disappeared
from the streets...
631
00:35:52,488 --> 00:35:55,227
they stopped going to the school,
the stopped driving.
632
00:35:55,270 --> 00:35:57,979
The Americans were not
acting as the police.
633
00:35:58,042 --> 00:36:00,615
They didn't know the streets of Baghdad,
they didn't speak the language...
634
00:36:00,658 --> 00:36:03,396
they didn't have interpreters
in sufficient numbers
635
00:36:03,449 --> 00:36:06,751
They didn't have intelligence
about what was going on.
636
00:36:06,980 --> 00:36:08,932
So...it was a
free for all.
637
00:36:08,933 --> 00:36:12,400
and you just felt
of... a void here.
638
00:36:22,509 --> 00:36:25,752
Very quickley, the mosque... came in
and filled the vacuum...
639
00:36:26,436 --> 00:36:29,639
that the Americans created
by getting rid of Saddam and
leavinhg nothing in it's place.
640
00:36:29,731 --> 00:36:32,988
In Shiite neighborhoods
they very quickley,... established control,
641
00:36:33,031 --> 00:36:35,517
in particulary the clerics
associated with Muqtada al-Sadr.
642
00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:38,786
Muqtada al-Sadr was the son
of a famous Shiite clerick,
643
00:36:38,918 --> 00:36:41,831
and started a bid for power
based on his fathers network,
644
00:36:41,832 --> 00:36:43,764
of mosques and charities.
645
00:36:43,859 --> 00:36:48,863
As I said, the small Satan has left,
646
00:36:48,906 --> 00:36:53,567
and the great Satan has come.
647
00:36:54,679 --> 00:36:58,048
The exit of the occupation
and their withdrawal
648
00:36:58,049 --> 00:37:00,984
is a victory for Iraq
and for the Iraqi people.
649
00:37:01,071 --> 00:37:03,987
Only a few days after American
troops entered Baghdad...
650
00:37:04,097 --> 00:37:07,148
he assassinated a
pro-American Shiite leader.
651
00:37:07,191 --> 00:37:09,938
Then he began creating a
heavily armed militia,...
652
00:37:10,011 --> 00:37:11,319
the Mahdi Army...
653
00:37:11,320 --> 00:37:13,588
which took over
Baghdad's shiite ghetto
654
00:37:13,631 --> 00:37:15,398
and much of
southern Iraq.
655
00:37:15,465 --> 00:37:18,168
If you tended to
the issues of policing...
656
00:37:18,169 --> 00:37:19,723
if there hadn't been
the looting...
657
00:37:19,778 --> 00:37:22,451
then you wouldn't have people
turning to sectarian militias...
658
00:37:22,462 --> 00:37:25,531
as their sources of
neighborhood security.
659
00:37:25,827 --> 00:37:28,600
ORHA worked on recalling
the Iraqi military...
660
00:37:28,643 --> 00:37:30,795
to deal with the
security vacuum.
661
00:37:30,885 --> 00:37:34,888
The army central command,
CENTCOM, supported this policy.
662
00:37:35,005 --> 00:37:37,654
What CENTCOM had done, they had
factored into their planig,
663
00:37:37,655 --> 00:37:39,089
in bringing back
the Iraqi army.
664
00:37:39,090 --> 00:37:40,890
They used Iraqi army
to seal the borders...
665
00:37:40,891 --> 00:37:43,119
to provide static security
for things...
666
00:37:43,162 --> 00:37:45,530
and also help in the reconstruction
of their own nation.
667
00:37:45,630 --> 00:37:49,432
But on April 23, 2003,
Jay Garner received a phone call.
668
00:37:49,570 --> 00:37:51,601
Rumsfeld called me
and he said, hey Jay...
669
00:37:51,602 --> 00:37:53,770
"I like everything what's going on,"
670
00:37:53,813 --> 00:37:55,680
"You'r doing a great job,
you and your team"
671
00:37:55,698 --> 00:37:57,072
"I'm glad you'r in
Baghdad, and all that"
672
00:37:57,073 --> 00:37:59,942
"by the way, the president
is supporting...ah...
673
00:38:00,174 --> 00:38:01,240
"Jerry Bremer..."
674
00:38:01,283 --> 00:38:03,564
"as the presidential envoy."
675
00:38:05,140 --> 00:38:07,880
Bremer was a former
foreign service officer.
676
00:38:07,972 --> 00:38:09,699
Like most officials
sent to Iraq...
677
00:38:09,741 --> 00:38:11,321
Bremer did not speak Arabic...
678
00:38:11,322 --> 00:38:13,556
had no previous experience
with the Mid East...
679
00:38:13,557 --> 00:38:15,508
or postwar reconstruction...
680
00:38:15,551 --> 00:38:17,659
and had never served
in the military.
681
00:38:18,354 --> 00:38:21,222
After Bremers' arrival ,
ORHA would be fased out
682
00:38:21,375 --> 00:38:24,118
and the
Coalition Provisional Authority, CPA...
683
00:38:24,161 --> 00:38:25,847
would take its place.
684
00:38:25,941 --> 00:38:28,026
We intend to
have a very...
685
00:38:28,229 --> 00:38:32,537
effective, efficient and well organized hand-over.
686
00:38:34,265 --> 00:38:36,089
General Garner and I, are...
687
00:38:36,132 --> 00:38:38,020
pledged to working
very closely together.
688
00:38:38,021 --> 00:38:39,407
He has done an
outstandig job.
689
00:38:39,408 --> 00:38:41,214
We set up a series
of brief inform
690
00:38:41,257 --> 00:38:43,476
he spent a day going through
what everybody was doing
691
00:38:43,531 --> 00:38:44,651
and he took charge.
692
00:38:44,697 --> 00:38:47,248
I came home, like,
3rd, 4th or 5th of June.
693
00:38:52,570 --> 00:38:56,032
Between May 1st and his departure
for Iraq on May 10th,
694
00:38:56,211 --> 00:38:57,856
Bremer worked at
the Pentagon...
695
00:38:57,945 --> 00:39:00,615
and met frequently
with Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz...
696
00:39:00,703 --> 00:39:02,885
and undersecretary
Doug Feith.
697
00:39:03,299 --> 00:39:06,070
Bremer also worked closely
with Walter Slocombe...
698
00:39:06,135 --> 00:39:08,231
a former undersecretary
of Defense...
699
00:39:08,274 --> 00:39:11,577
whom Rumsfeld had appointed to
be in charge of postwar policy
700
00:39:11,620 --> 00:39:12,961
for Iraqs military.
701
00:39:13,048 --> 00:39:16,050
They contacted me in mid March 2003.
702
00:39:16,153 --> 00:39:22,191
Did it cross your mind to think...
isn't it kind of late for them to be thinking about this
703
00:39:22,760 --> 00:39:23,975
Yes.
704
00:39:27,336 --> 00:39:29,408
- Did you tell them that?
- No.
705
00:39:30,101 --> 00:39:31,248
Like Bremer...
706
00:39:31,291 --> 00:39:33,359
Slocombe had never
served in the military...
707
00:39:33,371 --> 00:39:34,791
had never been to Iraq...
708
00:39:34,834 --> 00:39:37,466
had no postwar
reconstruction experience...
709
00:39:37,552 --> 00:39:39,631
and no Arabic.
710
00:39:39,768 --> 00:39:41,736
In Bremer's first
10 days at work...
711
00:39:41,779 --> 00:39:43,513
while still in Washington DC...
712
00:39:43,642 --> 00:39:46,374
he made three
fateful policy decisions.
713
00:39:46,748 --> 00:39:50,936
His 1st decision was to stop
the formation of an
iterim Iraqi government.
714
00:39:51,004 --> 00:39:53,922
Even though Jay Garner
had been workig to establish one.
715
00:39:54,015 --> 00:39:55,316
Jay Garner was
certainly suportive...
716
00:39:55,393 --> 00:39:57,880
for getting some
governing body for Iraqi's, but...
717
00:39:58,511 --> 00:40:01,966
this was done away with
on the way to Baghdad
718
00:40:02,009 --> 00:40:04,614
and I didn't think
general Garner knew
about it beforehand...
719
00:40:04,657 --> 00:40:05,894
and nor did I.
720
00:40:06,026 --> 00:40:08,258
We had... expected.
721
00:40:08,796 --> 00:40:11,490
I think I can say
we had been promised...
722
00:40:12,143 --> 00:40:14,310
that there would be a
sovereign government...
723
00:40:14,430 --> 00:40:15,837
virtually immediately.
724
00:40:15,991 --> 00:40:18,014
" I am in charge..."
725
00:40:18,092 --> 00:40:20,681
"and everyone will do
what I say..."
726
00:40:20,724 --> 00:40:23,254
"and... that's it....
Understand?"
727
00:40:23,333 --> 00:40:25,867
And that's kind of the way...
728
00:40:25,978 --> 00:40:27,807
L. Paul Bremer came across.
729
00:40:27,850 --> 00:40:33,054
Much, much, much too...hardcore
and to... mission driven
730
00:40:33,097 --> 00:40:36,159
to see that his
exclusion of the Iraqis...
731
00:40:36,202 --> 00:40:39,761
early on, from major paticipation in
the deccsion making process
732
00:40:39,762 --> 00:40:41,195
it was a grievous error.
733
00:40:41,238 --> 00:40:46,232
L. Paul Bremer refused
to be interviewed for this film.
734
00:40:46,283 --> 00:40:51,153
In May of 2003, we got the...
legal occupation of Iraq.
735
00:40:51,196 --> 00:40:53,498
I said at that time
and I believe now
736
00:40:54,178 --> 00:40:55,873
that, that was a misstake.
737
00:40:55,916 --> 00:40:57,269
We want the
American troops...
738
00:40:57,312 --> 00:40:59,313
basically to leave
Iraq completely...
739
00:40:59,390 --> 00:41:02,926
and let the Iraqi people
basically rule Iraq.
740
00:41:02,982 --> 00:41:04,976
The reaction to his
next two decisions...
741
00:41:05,019 --> 00:41:06,814
would be
dramatically worse.
742
00:41:07,798 --> 00:41:09,734
De-Ba'athification.
743
00:41:09,780 --> 00:41:14,766
I am today establishing an Iraqi
de-Ba'athification counsel.
744
00:41:14,956 --> 00:41:16,264
to ensure
745
00:41:16,307 --> 00:41:18,542
that the structure and
influence of the Ba'ath party...
746
00:41:18,585 --> 00:41:19,943
is elliminated for good.
747
00:41:19,944 --> 00:41:21,277
Bremer's second decision...
748
00:41:21,278 --> 00:41:24,180
his first formal order
as the head of the CPA...
749
00:41:24,181 --> 00:41:27,402
purged an estimated 50.000 members
of the Ba'ath party,
750
00:41:27,445 --> 00:41:30,013
which Saddam had used
to rule Iraq.
751
00:41:30,187 --> 00:41:33,695
For moste, Bremer's order meant
permanent unemployment.
752
00:41:33,791 --> 00:41:36,092
The policy also crippled
Iraqi's government...
753
00:41:36,093 --> 00:41:38,394
educational system
and economy.
754
00:41:38,527 --> 00:41:44,158
Because a purged senior government officials,
who had joined the party simply to
survive under Saddam's regim.
755
00:41:44,201 --> 00:41:47,140
I was walking down the hall and
Ambassador Robin Raphel came to me and said...
756
00:41:47,141 --> 00:41:49,177
- " Have you seen this? ".
- I said, what is it, Robin?
757
00:41:49,178 --> 00:41:51,063
- She says de-Ba'athification
- I said, no.
758
00:41:51,235 --> 00:41:53,779
So I read it realy quick
and I said I...
759
00:41:54,061 --> 00:41:55,178
don't think we can do this.
760
00:41:55,221 --> 00:41:57,378
She says, "well I think you
got to talk to Jerry".
761
00:41:57,581 --> 00:41:59,282
So I went to see him
and said...
762
00:41:59,283 --> 00:42:00,817
How about letting us go through this
763
00:42:00,818 --> 00:42:02,285
and lets get on the phone with Rumsfeld...
764
00:42:02,286 --> 00:42:03,553
and see if we can soften this a little bit
765
00:42:03,554 --> 00:42:05,555
He said: I don't not have that flexibility.
766
00:42:05,556 --> 00:42:07,290
I'v been given my orders, and
want to execute'm.
767
00:42:07,291 --> 00:42:08,858
So that ended
that discussion.
768
00:42:08,901 --> 00:42:12,061
He may have come in...
and spoken to me in great lenght
769
00:42:12,062 --> 00:42:13,998
I just don't remember it,
honestly don't remember it.
770
00:42:14,041 --> 00:42:15,965
You don't remember
these guys
comming in and saying...
771
00:42:15,966 --> 00:42:18,334
this is 30 to 50.000 people,
and ...
772
00:42:18,335 --> 00:42:19,906
my god,
what are you doing?
773
00:42:20,896 --> 00:42:23,364
It was working 20 hours a day
in that period, as well.
774
00:42:23,407 --> 00:42:25,313
This wasn't the only thing
on my...
775
00:42:25,401 --> 00:42:28,191
list of things to do
the first five days I was there.
776
00:42:28,234 --> 00:42:30,146
Bremer appointed Ahmed Chalabi...
777
00:42:30,147 --> 00:42:32,338
to head the de-ba'athification counsel.
778
00:42:32,381 --> 00:42:35,683
Chalabi used the position
to elliminate political rivals.
779
00:42:35,853 --> 00:42:37,963
The de-ba'athification was so deep...
780
00:42:38,338 --> 00:42:40,721
that we wheren't able to get the
government running...
781
00:42:40,815 --> 00:42:42,258
as a efficiently as we should have,
782
00:42:42,301 --> 00:42:43,459
as fast as we should have,
783
00:42:43,460 --> 00:42:46,896
and you had a lot of
disenfranchised ba'athis
784
00:42:46,897 --> 00:42:48,179
What do we want?
785
00:42:48,223 --> 00:42:49,386
Work! Work! Work!
786
00:42:49,504 --> 00:42:52,311
There were people who were
kicked out of there job...
787
00:42:52,373 --> 00:42:55,876
Even though they
were just professionals...
788
00:42:56,923 --> 00:42:59,141
engineers, directors.
789
00:42:59,342 --> 00:43:02,146
The technocrats, the intelligencia...
790
00:43:02,360 --> 00:43:04,948
the elementary school librarianl.
791
00:43:05,126 --> 00:43:07,206
Beeing conquered and
then loosing your job, and...
792
00:43:07,249 --> 00:43:09,971
and not having any means to
support yourself or family...
793
00:43:10,014 --> 00:43:12,345
was an incredibly
humiliating experience.
794
00:43:16,705 --> 00:43:19,265
It was Bremer's
3rd decision however
795
00:43:19,436 --> 00:43:21,896
that was the most explosive.
796
00:43:22,800 --> 00:43:26,636
To disbanding the Iraqi military
and intelligence services...
797
00:43:26,637 --> 00:43:29,038
the most important institutions in Iraq.
798
00:43:29,039 --> 00:43:32,270
CPA-order #2,
disbanded the Iraqi army...
799
00:43:32,313 --> 00:43:34,829
Republican Guard,
Special Republican Guard,
800
00:43:34,883 --> 00:43:36,245
and Secret Police.
801
00:43:36,246 --> 00:43:38,281
Over night Bremer
rended unemployed
802
00:43:38,282 --> 00:43:41,481
and thereby infuriated
half a million armed men...
803
00:43:41,552 --> 00:43:44,053
equivalent to firing
over five million people.
804
00:43:44,054 --> 00:43:45,449
in the United States.
805
00:43:45,522 --> 00:43:49,055
And so these men rather than
helping to prevent an insurgency...
806
00:43:49,133 --> 00:43:51,156
instead created one.
807
00:43:51,815 --> 00:43:56,805
Demonstration by former Iraqi soldiers.
808
00:43:58,126 --> 00:43:59,833
I can't believe they did that.
809
00:43:59,861 --> 00:44:04,398
Hundreds of thousands of families,
depending on the army.
810
00:44:04,441 --> 00:44:07,676
They didn't have an income,
the didn't have providers.
811
00:44:07,745 --> 00:44:14,044
We are hungry, there is no bread,
no food, no money, we want job.
812
00:44:14,114 --> 00:44:18,916
Children, women, wives,
sisters, fathers...
813
00:44:20,205 --> 00:44:23,259
stopped eating because they
didn't have enough money.
814
00:44:23,472 --> 00:44:26,817
Officially. I thinkl it's
27% unemployment... officially
815
00:44:27,392 --> 00:44:30,060
It's almost certainly
much higher.
816
00:44:30,225 --> 00:44:32,827
I would guess anywhere
from 40 to 50 %.
817
00:44:32,870 --> 00:44:35,295
Is it any wonder that
many of these people, who...
818
00:44:36,150 --> 00:44:38,767
almost all had at least
some military training, since...
819
00:44:38,845 --> 00:44:40,621
you had to serve
in the army in Iraq
820
00:44:40,997 --> 00:44:42,564
or they were active military...
821
00:44:43,288 --> 00:44:45,178
would turn to...
822
00:44:45,632 --> 00:44:47,179
joining the insurgency
823
00:44:47,851 --> 00:44:49,894
just as a means to
feed their family.
824
00:44:49,948 --> 00:44:52,355
and as a means of regaining
some of that pride.
825
00:44:52,690 --> 00:44:55,625
In deciding to disband
the Iraqi military
826
00:44:55,626 --> 00:44:57,326
Bremer was undoing a policy
827
00:44:57,327 --> 00:45:01,288
supported by both the
US military and by ORHA.
828
00:45:01,331 --> 00:45:03,066
Paul Hughes had a team...
829
00:45:03,067 --> 00:45:05,068
that was seeking out the Iraqi army...
830
00:45:05,069 --> 00:45:07,032
and he's beginning to
find a lot of them...
831
00:45:07,141 --> 00:45:08,796
and he had found
a lot of them.
832
00:45:08,839 --> 00:45:11,058
And we had made overtours
to bring them back.
833
00:45:11,113 --> 00:45:13,641
These soldiers, when they
registred had to sign...
834
00:45:13,750 --> 00:45:15,745
or fill out
a questionnaire...
835
00:45:15,895 --> 00:45:18,178
about who they were,
what unit they were with,
836
00:45:18,221 --> 00:45:20,042
what they did,
what their skills were
837
00:45:20,085 --> 00:45:22,508
what military equipment
they had at home...
838
00:45:23,611 --> 00:45:26,177
just... a lot of information...
839
00:45:26,220 --> 00:45:28,356
that would have been
useful to us.
840
00:45:28,559 --> 00:45:30,411
And I was collecting
all of that.
841
00:45:30,591 --> 00:45:32,822
But the DoD advisory team
in charge of
842
00:45:32,865 --> 00:45:34,697
dealing with the
Iraqi military...
843
00:45:34,803 --> 00:45:36,319
headed by
Walter Slocombe...
844
00:45:36,400 --> 00:45:40,135
had remained in Washington DC
and had never visited Iraq.
845
00:45:40,204 --> 00:45:42,361
I said, I don't see any
reason to go out there.
846
00:45:42,404 --> 00:45:44,547
I can get ready better,
here in Washington.
847
00:45:44,590 --> 00:45:47,258
And I urged them
time and again...
848
00:45:47,510 --> 00:45:50,046
in my conversations
with them from Baghdad...
849
00:45:50,047 --> 00:45:51,679
that they needed to
get over there.
850
00:45:51,722 --> 00:45:54,548
Because there were
people waiting ON THEM...
851
00:45:54,618 --> 00:45:56,970
and on one man in particular...,
to show up
852
00:45:57,013 --> 00:46:01,049
so he could make decisions
and get the ball rolling.
853
00:46:01,213 --> 00:46:02,776
In his absence,...
854
00:46:02,932 --> 00:46:04,909
I was left with
the duty of
855
00:46:04,972 --> 00:46:06,929
having to deal with
the Iraqi army...
856
00:46:06,972 --> 00:46:08,936
just to keep
contact with them.
857
00:46:08,979 --> 00:46:13,738
The Iraqi army was essentially
standing there... waiting.
858
00:46:13,802 --> 00:46:15,429
They were waiting
for an overture.
859
00:46:15,472 --> 00:46:18,107
They were waiting for what
they thought would happen...
860
00:46:18,108 --> 00:46:21,295
that someone would
come to them and say...
861
00:46:21,350 --> 00:46:22,964
"This is the plan",...
862
00:46:23,066 --> 00:46:25,644
" and you are integral
to that plan..."
863
00:46:25,716 --> 00:46:27,917
"and we need you."
864
00:46:28,023 --> 00:46:29,288
No one ever
did that.
865
00:46:29,290 --> 00:46:30,578
When the war was over...
866
00:46:30,621 --> 00:46:32,693
when the major maneuver
fighting was over...
867
00:46:32,736 --> 00:46:36,322
There were simply no units...
still in existence.
868
00:46:36,365 --> 00:46:37,693
Everybody had
gone home.
869
00:46:37,736 --> 00:46:40,626
Generals and commanders were
coming back with entire divisions
870
00:46:40,669 --> 00:46:41,863
saying here are
my people.
871
00:46:41,906 --> 00:46:43,985
One of the Iraqi officers...
872
00:46:44,143 --> 00:46:45,495
towards the end of ...
873
00:46:45,736 --> 00:46:48,295
the second or
the third meeting, when...
874
00:46:48,357 --> 00:46:49,970
Baghdad was going,...
875
00:46:50,275 --> 00:46:53,185
it was in chaos...
said...
876
00:46:53,228 --> 00:46:56,618
" Colonel Paul,... I can have
10.000 military police men,
877
00:46:56,661 --> 00:46:59,253
"for you next week,
you just tell me."
878
00:46:59,650 --> 00:47:02,601
I took that back to
Bernie Kerik's staff
879
00:47:02,644 --> 00:47:04,340
and nothing was
done with it.
880
00:47:04,564 --> 00:47:10,254
Instead, Bremer issued the disbanding order
881
00:47:10,667 --> 00:47:14,036
Five days after,
Bremmer issued his order.
882
00:47:14,131 --> 00:47:16,236
we were farewelling Jay Garner...
883
00:47:16,291 --> 00:47:20,036
because it was going to leave Iraq...
for good the next day.
884
00:47:20,149 --> 00:47:23,739
We had two Humvee's
on the highway...
885
00:47:23,837 --> 00:47:26,042
hanging out from
the Green Zone...
886
00:47:26,119 --> 00:47:29,713
and they were ambushed and
two soldiers were killed
887
00:47:29,969 --> 00:47:33,735
And that was when, in my mind,
the insurgency began.
888
00:47:35,919 --> 00:47:40,841
We go, go, go!
We go, go, go!
889
00:47:40,997 --> 00:47:43,173
My colleagues and I
could sit on the...
890
00:47:43,240 --> 00:47:46,034
balcony or on the roof of the
Republican Palace, at night
891
00:47:46,077 --> 00:47:49,413
and we could watch the tracers
throughout Baghdad.
892
00:47:49,507 --> 00:47:52,521
We could watch the flares
of different colors that went up...
893
00:47:52,564 --> 00:47:54,799
marking... where American convoys
894
00:47:54,842 --> 00:47:57,635
of certain compositions...
were moving,
895
00:47:57,694 --> 00:47:59,967
and being followed
by the insurgents.
896
00:48:00,046 --> 00:48:09,101
*>
897
00:48:09,102 --> 00:48:10,110
<*
898
00:48:10,153 --> 00:48:12,722
These guys all knew where
those munitions were.
899
00:48:12,723 --> 00:48:17,126
They knew how to
get to those weapons
and how to use them.
900
00:48:17,227 --> 00:48:20,514
And you just sent them away
and said they don't exist?
901
00:48:20,615 --> 00:48:22,916
Common sense tells me
you don't do that.
902
00:48:22,959 --> 00:48:26,147
When you have huge
ammunition dumps...that...
903
00:48:26,190 --> 00:48:29,620
weren't guarded until
several weeks if not
a couple months
904
00:48:29,663 --> 00:48:32,083
after major combat
action ended
905
00:48:32,131 --> 00:48:34,280
I'm standing there
watching these insurgents
906
00:48:34,323 --> 00:48:35,448
pullout...
907
00:48:35,580 --> 00:48:37,351
rockets and mortars and bombs
908
00:48:37,405 --> 00:48:40,016
from these weapons caches
that the Iraqis sto...
909
00:48:40,017 --> 00:48:41,620
stashed everywhere.
910
00:48:41,948 --> 00:48:45,087
And you go to the
British or to the US,
whoever is there,
911
00:48:45,088 --> 00:48:47,163
with your little GPS... receiver
912
00:48:47,206 --> 00:48:48,531
to " Hey guys..."
913
00:48:48,586 --> 00:48:52,747
you know "we have found like
18.000 million tons of bombs, and...
914
00:48:52,794 --> 00:48:54,964
" and there're a bunch of
Iraqis with AK-47s...
915
00:48:54,965 --> 00:48:56,341
" taking it away."
916
00:48:56,384 --> 00:48:59,681
" Probably not the best idea...
here's where its located."
917
00:48:59,724 --> 00:49:00,991
And they say to you...
918
00:49:01,004 --> 00:49:03,232
" We just don't have enough
people to cover it ".
919
00:49:03,275 --> 00:49:06,477
And...I just couldn't believe it,
it wasn't the right answer.
920
00:49:06,867 --> 00:49:09,151
Go there and take care of it
for your security,
921
00:49:09,170 --> 00:49:12,286
for the civilian security
for everybody,
its just a bad idea.
922
00:49:25,363 --> 00:49:29,832
Did anyone warn you, that
disbanding the army in this way...
923
00:49:29,833 --> 00:49:35,709
would, and then was, fueling
major growth of the insurgency
924
00:49:36,173 --> 00:49:37,944
Certainly not in these terms.
925
00:49:38,070 --> 00:49:39,985
Nobody said that to you?
926
00:49:40,110 --> 00:49:41,544
No. I also don't
believe it's true...
927
00:49:41,545 --> 00:49:43,445
but nobody said it, nobody said...
928
00:49:43,488 --> 00:49:44,555
You don't believe it's true?
929
00:49:44,597 --> 00:49:46,227
No. I don't believe that it's true.
930
00:49:46,270 --> 00:49:48,710
A number of the
most senior Generals
931
00:49:48,753 --> 00:49:51,787
came to the Channal Hotel,
to the UN headquarters
932
00:49:51,788 --> 00:49:53,708
and they were very explicit...
933
00:49:53,763 --> 00:49:56,703
of the consequences of
letting this order stand
934
00:49:56,831 --> 00:49:58,392
and of marginalizing...
935
00:49:58,435 --> 00:50:01,392
this incredible powerful
segment of the society...
936
00:50:01,478 --> 00:50:03,070
would be an insurgency
937
00:50:03,113 --> 00:50:06,864
A Lebanese diplomat
named Hassan Salami...
938
00:50:06,950 --> 00:50:09,705
turned to his colleague as
the generals walked away
939
00:50:09,706 --> 00:50:11,374
after one of their meetings...
940
00:50:11,375 --> 00:50:14,667
and said " I see bullets in their eyes".
941
00:50:14,720 --> 00:50:16,548
" I see bullets in their eyes ".
942
00:50:16,780 --> 00:50:20,316
Even more remarkable
that the decision to disband the army...
943
00:50:20,317 --> 00:50:22,403
it how that this decision was made...
944
00:50:22,490 --> 00:50:24,536
Secretly, over a single week...
945
00:50:24,591 --> 00:50:28,257
by few men in Washington DC
who had never been to Iraq.
946
00:50:28,258 --> 00:50:31,093
They did not consult with the
military commanders in Iraq...
947
00:50:31,316 --> 00:50:32,990
not with the joint chiefs
of staff ...
948
00:50:33,054 --> 00:50:34,955
ORHA,...
the state department...
949
00:50:35,233 --> 00:50:38,230
the CIA...
the National Security Council......
950
00:50:38,370 --> 00:50:42,260
or even, apparently, ...
president of the USA.
951
00:50:42,865 --> 00:50:45,734
Walter Slocombe and Paul Hughes,
were reinterviewed.
952
00:50:45,876 --> 00:50:47,651
in order to reconstruct
the events...
953
00:50:47,694 --> 00:50:49,863
leading to the dissolution
of the army.
954
00:50:49,917 --> 00:50:53,849
These guys called themselves, the
Independent Military Gathering.
955
00:50:53,932 --> 00:50:58,258
The Independent Military Gathering
had a 100,000 on the 9th of May ...
956
00:50:58,301 --> 00:50:59,942
And they already had
100,000 signatures?
957
00:50:59,985 --> 00:51:01,690
Yeh, this was a
nation wide effort.
958
00:51:01,691 --> 00:51:04,256
They brought me...
I wanted the print-outs.
959
00:51:04,299 --> 00:51:07,354
all the discs,...
and they gave them to me...
960
00:51:07,397 --> 00:51:10,132
and I took them
back with me to ORHA.
961
00:51:10,246 --> 00:51:13,416
I said "Here we go",
and I told Walt and his crew...
962
00:51:13,471 --> 00:51:16,413
I've got these things,
the're here waiting for you.
963
00:51:16,577 --> 00:51:18,891
Hughes belived that
he had an...
964
00:51:18,962 --> 00:51:21,657
opening to the
Iraqi officers...
965
00:51:23,021 --> 00:51:25,770
who would have been prepared
to re-constitute the units.
966
00:51:25,813 --> 00:51:29,608
He already had obtained
registration statements from 137,000
967
00:51:29,651 --> 00:51:33,369
No he hadn't. He hadn't done that.
He may have, he may have wri...
968
00:51:33,580 --> 00:51:35,112
gotten,...may have...'cause
969
00:51:35,155 --> 00:51:39,141
'Cause nobody could have gotten statements
from a 130,000 from anybody from anywhere...
970
00:51:39,423 --> 00:51:41,361
in the chaos that
prevailed at that point.
971
00:51:41,404 --> 00:51:43,405
They had a courier
system set up...
972
00:51:43,467 --> 00:51:47,926
that was running around
the metropolitan area of Baghdad...
973
00:51:48,029 --> 00:51:51,765
of Mosul, of Basora and of Kirkuk.
974
00:51:51,937 --> 00:51:55,206
I don't understand...
975
00:51:56,613 --> 00:51:59,949
Given how difficult it was
to do anything...
976
00:52:00,205 --> 00:52:02,718
just...operationally or organisationally...
977
00:52:02,719 --> 00:52:04,720
nobody had 137.000.
978
00:52:04,721 --> 00:52:06,555
Walt was not there.
979
00:52:06,556 --> 00:52:09,475
He never met with these people,
he had no clue...
980
00:52:09,518 --> 00:52:12,644
So did you tell Slocombe this.
That this was going on?
981
00:52:12,687 --> 00:52:16,033
Yes, he knew this.
He and his staff, knew this.
982
00:52:16,111 --> 00:52:18,838
Aambassador Breme, you had already done
him...
983
00:52:18,884 --> 00:52:20,345
made a recommendation
to him
984
00:52:20,361 --> 00:52:24,104
and hi had already made at least
a tentative recommendation...
985
00:52:24,470 --> 00:52:26,392
to secretary Rumsfeld...
986
00:52:26,400 --> 00:52:29,245
about the dissolution of the army...
987
00:52:29,246 --> 00:52:31,956
On the emission of the order
he finaly issued, yes.
988
00:52:31,980 --> 00:52:33,831
Yes, on May 9.
989
00:52:35,018 --> 00:52:36,452
- Yes.
- Okey.
990
00:52:36,816 --> 00:52:39,823
The 9th of May, was the last time
that I had a conversation...
991
00:52:39,886 --> 00:52:41,957
with Walt Slocombe.
992
00:52:42,105 --> 00:52:44,456
We talked on the phone,
before we went out.
993
00:52:44,494 --> 00:52:46,917
Did you ever say to him,
or thinking of
994
00:52:46,956 --> 00:52:50,441
disbanding the Iraqi army and stopping
your efforts to recal the Iraqi army?
995
00:52:50,467 --> 00:52:52,823
One of the things I did was, just...
996
00:52:52,847 --> 00:52:54,659
Did you ever say that to him?
997
00:52:55,581 --> 00:52:57,039
In those words, no.
998
00:52:57,167 --> 00:53:00,081
The conversation was...."I'm coming over
999
00:53:00,140 --> 00:53:02,534
"I'm concerned about where
I am going to be living...
1000
00:53:02,620 --> 00:53:05,144
you know, "Am I gonna have a motor
pool with me
1001
00:53:05,175 --> 00:53:07,883
"My own cooks? ". Yada, yada, yada.
1002
00:53:08,003 --> 00:53:11,113
I mean... it was nothing about the Iraqi
military.
1003
00:53:11,154 --> 00:53:13,605
And I was giving him
an update on what...l
1004
00:53:13,610 --> 00:53:15,812
So he didn't say that
he had already...
1005
00:53:16,113 --> 00:53:18,127
come to the tentative conclusion
1006
00:53:18,128 --> 00:53:20,930
and recommended to Bremer...
to dissolve the army?
1007
00:53:20,931 --> 00:53:23,183
Absolutely not, because
had he said that
1008
00:53:23,195 --> 00:53:26,852
I would have been on
Jay's door step post haste.
1009
00:53:27,243 --> 00:53:29,196
So you guys came up
with this idea
1010
00:53:29,211 --> 00:53:31,485
and recommended to
secretary Rumsfeld...
1011
00:53:31,500 --> 00:53:34,993
without having spoken to any of t
he senior people in Iraq
1012
00:53:35,005 --> 00:53:36,438
resposible for
these matters?
1013
00:53:36,458 --> 00:53:38,188
that it was subject to...
1014
00:53:38,266 --> 00:53:40,789
and precisely because
of the fact...
1015
00:53:40,910 --> 00:53:43,655
that it had, and actually been
only thought of for a few days
1016
00:53:43,792 --> 00:53:46,440
because Bremer was going out
and Bremmer said to Rumsfeld...
1017
00:53:46,542 --> 00:53:49,979
"Before I make a recommendation,
I will talk to people on the ground".
1018
00:53:50,565 --> 00:53:57,424
Bremer came to Baghdad on May 12.
His consultations with the people
on the ground were brief to nonexistent.
1019
00:53:57,555 --> 00:53:59,823
Was that a surprise to you,
that this had been discussed with...
1020
00:53:59,838 --> 00:54:02,877
No, it hadn't been discussed with me,
it was a surprise... a big surprise.
1021
00:54:03,337 --> 00:54:04,860
- Really?
- A-hm.
1022
00:54:04,940 --> 00:54:07,760
You never called up Garner
and said we're thinking of doing this,
1023
00:54:07,765 --> 00:54:09,518
do you think this is
a good idea?
1024
00:54:11,259 --> 00:54:13,112
I don't think I did.
1025
00:54:15,018 --> 00:54:17,973
- Don't you think that
might have been a misstake?
- No.
1026
00:54:19,083 --> 00:54:20,983
What was your reaction?
What did you think?
1027
00:54:21,078 --> 00:54:22,981
I thought it was
a poor idea.
1028
00:54:23,340 --> 00:54:25,530
I thought we needed
to bring them back.
1029
00:54:25,629 --> 00:54:29,999
The military commanders were also opposed
to Bremer's decision.
1030
00:54:30,155 --> 00:54:34,241
John Abizaid and Dave McKiernan
were... constantly telling me
1031
00:54:34,311 --> 00:54:36,569
" How about hurrying up? "
" Let's get the army back! ".
1032
00:54:36,906 --> 00:54:41,530
There is a large numbr of former
Iraqi soldiers that are unemployed now.
1033
00:54:41,711 --> 00:54:44,947
That is a huge concern not only
from a security stand point
1034
00:54:44,948 --> 00:54:46,882
but from an economic stand point.
1035
00:54:46,883 --> 00:54:49,313
They are not earning
an incom right now.
1036
00:54:49,617 --> 00:54:54,078
And there's the announcement that
the Iraqi army has been disbanded.
1037
00:54:54,518 --> 00:54:55,862
And I was floored.
1038
00:54:55,889 --> 00:54:59,667
And at this particulary point in time,...
Walt Slocombe and his team...
1039
00:54:59,799 --> 00:55:02,276
still were not... in Iraq.
1040
00:55:02,534 --> 00:55:04,925
Colonel Hughes was the person
who was in charge of
1041
00:55:04,948 --> 00:55:06,335
dealing with the Iraqi army...
1042
00:55:06,336 --> 00:55:08,771
because non of the people
from your advicery group
1043
00:55:08,772 --> 00:55:11,479
had yet showed up in Iraq,
including you.
1044
00:55:12,142 --> 00:55:14,910
Didn't you think that maybe
you should speak with him about this?
1045
00:55:14,911 --> 00:55:16,757
I talked with him a lot.
1046
00:55:17,249 --> 00:55:20,702
That's funny! He says that
the order to disbanding the army...
1047
00:55:20,753 --> 00:55:22,609
came as a complete
surprise to him
1048
00:55:22,654 --> 00:55:27,088
and he learned of it by watching it
on a television in an airport.
1049
00:55:27,977 --> 00:55:30,759
That is extr... Well if that so,
that's surprising me.
1050
00:55:30,915 --> 00:55:32,767
But it'is impossible.
1051
00:55:33,580 --> 00:55:35,493
When I talked to him...
1052
00:55:35,821 --> 00:55:36,884
I...
1053
00:55:37,196 --> 00:55:41,540
We work together on a daily bases
during the time I was there.
1054
00:55:41,743 --> 00:55:44,453
- He came on the 16th of May.
1055
00:55:44,485 --> 00:55:49,057
- For 4 day "world wind tour"
of the country...
- Ooh!
1056
00:55:49,179 --> 00:55:53,956
And then he left.
And he didn't come back until
the middle of June
1057
00:55:54,026 --> 00:55:55,878
- Really?
- Correct!
1058
00:55:57,175 --> 00:55:58,988
He didn't tell you that?
1059
00:55:59,690 --> 00:56:05,226
Jay Garner and Paul Hughes weren't
the only ones surprised by the disbanding order.
1060
00:56:05,228 --> 00:56:07,896
This idea to disbanding the entire
army...
1061
00:56:07,898 --> 00:56:09,966
came as a surprise.
1062
00:56:10,133 --> 00:56:11,625
I see.
1063
00:56:11,768 --> 00:56:13,369
What was your reaction
when you learned of it?
1064
00:56:13,370 --> 00:56:15,609
I thought that we had created a problem.
1065
00:56:15,679 --> 00:56:17,812
We had a lot of
out-of-work soldiers.
1066
00:56:18,675 --> 00:56:20,409
The president already had
made a different decision
1067
00:56:20,410 --> 00:56:24,179
which was to keep
battalion... and below...in force.
1068
00:56:24,180 --> 00:56:25,679
- Earlier, yes.
- Yes.
1069
00:56:25,718 --> 00:56:28,992
...within a couple of days proximity
1070
00:56:29,054 --> 00:56:33,672
Most of us where caught
relatively or completely unaware
of disbanding the army.
1071
00:56:33,757 --> 00:56:37,123
Secretary Powell found out
about it as I did.
1072
00:56:37,537 --> 00:56:38,460
Which was
how?
1073
00:56:38,461 --> 00:56:41,607
Just the day he announced
that he disbanded the army.
1074
00:56:41,868 --> 00:56:44,770
- How about Condoleezza Rice?
- She ought to speak for he self.
1075
00:56:44,834 --> 00:56:49,594
Condoleezza Rice refused
to be interviewed for this documentary.
1076
00:56:49,744 --> 00:56:51,780
Do you have any idea how much
the president knew...
1077
00:56:51,808 --> 00:56:53,976
about these decisions in advance?
Whether he...
1078
00:56:53,977 --> 00:56:57,436
As I said before, I don't know
if he was informed by Mr Rumsfeld or not.
1079
00:56:57,438 --> 00:56:58,755
No idea!
1080
00:56:58,882 --> 00:57:00,949
I wasn't in my office
but 2 hours
1081
00:57:01,991 --> 00:57:03,741
a young MP
comes to se me..
1082
00:57:03,743 --> 00:57:05,179
he goes "Colonel Hughes..."
1083
00:57:05,241 --> 00:57:08,724
" I got some some Iraqi officers
that wanna met with you."
1084
00:57:09,092 --> 00:57:11,326
And I was thinking to myself
"Holy cow".
1085
00:57:11,327 --> 00:57:13,294
What do I tell this guys?
1086
00:57:13,630 --> 00:57:15,886
So I finally came downstairs
and met with them
1087
00:57:15,895 --> 00:57:19,025
in the rotunda of the
Republican Palace.
1088
00:57:19,174 --> 00:57:23,595
Colonel Mirzan...says...
Colonel Paul... what happened?
1089
00:57:23,695 --> 00:57:26,163
And I said to him...
I don't know what happened.
1090
00:57:26,210 --> 00:57:29,111
I have no idea of
how this came about.
1091
00:57:29,178 --> 00:57:30,678
And he said...
1092
00:57:30,974 --> 00:57:32,856
All these soldiers...
1093
00:57:32,888 --> 00:57:34,516
they now have no
recourse
1094
00:57:34,517 --> 00:57:36,084
they have no money
comming to them.
1095
00:57:36,085 --> 00:57:38,302
What are they
supposed to do?
1096
00:57:53,303 --> 00:57:57,339
In July, 2003, the insurgents begin planting
improvised explosive devices (IED's) all over Iraq.
1097
00:57:57,340 --> 00:58:00,509
There is a dramatic rise in casualty
rates among American soldiers.
1098
00:58:00,510 --> 00:58:02,110
How many times did I tell you?
1099
00:58:02,111 --> 00:58:03,779
- Shit!
- Carajo!
1100
00:58:03,780 --> 00:58:05,113
Moan, my ear!
1101
00:58:05,114 --> 00:58:06,815
We need to get the
fuck out of here.
1102
00:58:06,816 --> 00:58:10,185
There are some who....
feel like that...
1103
00:58:10,186 --> 00:58:12,621
the conditions are such
that they can attack us there.
1104
00:58:12,622 --> 00:58:14,565
My answer is bring'em on.
1105
00:58:14,639 --> 00:58:16,518
I was in the bucket.
1106
00:58:17,246 --> 00:58:21,018
The bucket is a
non armored vehicle.
1107
00:58:21,207 --> 00:58:25,073
Anything that happens...
you gonna get it.
1108
00:58:25,534 --> 00:58:27,815
So, nobody wants to be in there.
1109
00:58:27,904 --> 00:58:32,190
In 2003, only 1 in 8 Humvees in Iraq
had adequate armor.
1110
00:58:32,675 --> 00:58:37,045
I saw the blast
almost directly, sir.
1111
00:58:38,861 --> 00:58:42,267
I then I started hearing the
fire fight...
1112
00:58:42,619 --> 00:58:47,259
From the far... to the closest...blam, blam
we started firing.
1113
00:58:47,602 --> 00:58:50,759
We have a limited problem
of some bitter enders...
1114
00:58:50,820 --> 00:58:53,135
some small remnants
of the old regime
1115
00:58:53,540 --> 00:58:56,098
who are using professional
military tactics...
1116
00:58:56,099 --> 00:59:00,150
to attack and kill our soldiers,
as they did...this morning.
1117
00:59:00,297 --> 00:59:02,892
- Do you think this is a
coordinated campaign
1118
00:59:02,959 --> 00:59:04,978
- No, no.
- Is this a guerrilla war?
1119
00:59:07,911 --> 00:59:09,830
As a consequence of
that blast...
1120
00:59:09,877 --> 00:59:15,081
I suffer a penetrating...
traumatic brain injury.
1121
00:59:15,603 --> 00:59:20,187
And I lost... the perception
of the light in my right eye.
1122
00:59:21,391 --> 00:59:23,825
I suffered damages in the left eye...
1123
00:59:23,826 --> 00:59:27,750
that caused
a hole in the retina...
1124
00:59:29,469 --> 00:59:31,070
but we fight,...
1125
00:59:31,797 --> 00:59:34,844
we fight until we
hear the cease fire.
1126
00:59:34,897 --> 00:59:38,933
I was a gunner...
and my driver lost both his legs...
1127
00:59:39,344 --> 00:59:41,398
and it ejected me out..
1128
00:59:42,109 --> 00:59:47,703
and I suffered a... fractured femur,...
nearly lost my right arm...
1129
00:59:47,976 --> 00:59:51,414
and colapsed lung
and closed head wounds.
1130
00:59:51,484 --> 00:59:53,875
I have since gone to the
dictionary...
1131
00:59:53,969 --> 00:59:55,954
and I've looked up...
1132
00:59:55,992 --> 00:59:58,660
several things, one of which I can't
immediately recapture
1133
00:59:58,661 --> 01:00:00,862
but one was a "guerrilla war"...
1134
01:00:00,863 --> 01:00:03,498
another was "insurgency", another
was...
1135
01:00:03,500 --> 01:00:05,466
unconventional "war".
Pardon me?
1136
01:00:05,653 --> 01:00:07,372
Wont work!
1137
01:00:08,599 --> 01:00:12,207
No, that's someone elses business, Quagmire
(Family Guy: Glenn Quagmire)
1138
01:00:12,208 --> 01:00:13,888
I don't do Quagmires.
1139
01:00:13,919 --> 01:00:16,967
A guy I know, his an
counter-insurgency expert.
1140
01:00:17,326 --> 01:00:20,897
He was at the palace where
the CPA is headquartered...
1141
01:00:21,117 --> 01:00:23,251
and he was talking to
an army colonel...
1142
01:00:23,252 --> 01:00:25,467
whos desk was right outside
Bremers office.
1143
01:00:25,498 --> 01:00:28,537
And he said...he used the word
insurgency...
1144
01:00:29,131 --> 01:00:34,049
And the army colonel held up his hand and said
"There is no insugency in Iraq".
1145
01:00:34,338 --> 01:00:37,458
"There is a high level of
domestic violence".
1146
01:00:37,767 --> 01:00:39,301
The security problem...
1147
01:00:39,309 --> 01:00:43,646
increasingly prohibited our ability
to do our job.
1148
01:00:43,720 --> 01:00:47,755
I had hoped... to... establish some...
1149
01:00:48,106 --> 01:00:50,309
neighborhood advisory councils
1150
01:00:50,434 --> 01:00:51,750
These three rejected generals...
1151
01:00:51,765 --> 01:00:54,790
gave probably the most
coherent...
1152
01:00:54,830 --> 01:00:58,866
briefing on the structure and
organization of a...
1153
01:00:59,014 --> 01:01:02,199
1500 year old city, that I think
anyone could have gotten...
1154
01:01:02,285 --> 01:01:04,246
One of them launched..
1155
01:01:04,309 --> 01:01:07,942
into... this... plan for
1156
01:01:08,334 --> 01:01:10,269
neighborhood advisory groups.
1157
01:01:10,402 --> 01:01:15,726
He had this whole grass roots
bottom-up democratization...
1158
01:01:15,820 --> 01:01:17,085
thing nailed.
1159
01:01:17,109 --> 01:01:20,843
- It was an absolutely beautiful plan.
- What happened to it?
1160
01:01:21,010 --> 01:01:22,210
He was assassinated!
1161
01:01:22,211 --> 01:01:24,146
The country was slipping more
and more out of control
1162
01:01:24,155 --> 01:01:26,853
the entire time,
and I think in some ways...
1163
01:01:26,861 --> 01:01:28,776
Bremer and his aides
didn't know...
1164
01:01:28,785 --> 01:01:33,344
how bad things were getting
outside the... blast walls.
1165
01:01:33,690 --> 01:01:37,650
THE PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY
OF THE COALITION
1166
01:01:42,345 --> 01:01:45,300
Headquartered in Saddam's
former Republican Palace...
1167
01:01:45,309 --> 01:01:48,486
the CPA compound
called the Green Zone...
1168
01:01:48,540 --> 01:01:51,663
was shielded by 7 miles
of blast walls.
1169
01:01:53,179 --> 01:01:57,033
There were huge lines of Iraqis,...
engineers, public officials...
1170
01:01:58,142 --> 01:02:00,225
People just wanted to help,
to translate...
1171
01:02:00,342 --> 01:02:03,318
standing in line at the
gates of the palace
1172
01:02:03,412 --> 01:02:06,116
Made to wait and not
been reached by anyone.
1173
01:02:06,303 --> 01:02:08,662
Just told "go away",
don't come back.
1174
01:02:08,740 --> 01:02:10,858
These people came there and
tried once and two times
1175
01:02:10,860 --> 01:02:12,171
and three times and
then they gave up.
1176
01:02:12,189 --> 01:02:13,976
I absolutely hated the Green Zone.
1177
01:02:14,022 --> 01:02:16,831
I got out every chanse I could
to meet with the Iraqis...
1178
01:02:16,833 --> 01:02:20,132
and sit in their homes and hear their
complaints and their thoughts.
1179
01:02:20,180 --> 01:02:22,329
And I would come back and
tell Dan Senor
1180
01:02:22,376 --> 01:02:25,707
"You have a problem", you are not
communicating to the Iraqis.
1181
01:02:25,962 --> 01:02:29,889
Dan Senor, who was Bremer's press spokesman,
speaks no Arabic.
1182
01:02:30,038 --> 01:02:34,150
Virtually nobody in the CPA and in the
senior engineer level, spoke Arabic.
1183
01:02:34,346 --> 01:02:36,830
On a count maby five or six...
1184
01:02:36,900 --> 01:02:40,789
among the top... 40, 50
or 70 officials.
1185
01:02:40,790 --> 01:02:44,292
We had regional experts
that had served in Iraq.
1186
01:02:44,634 --> 01:02:47,094
But as has been documented,
many of them,
1187
01:02:47,104 --> 01:02:49,909
where not involved
in the initial parts...
1188
01:02:50,018 --> 01:02:53,182
after the invasion of Iraq
and the initial occupation...
1189
01:02:53,361 --> 01:02:55,069
so that expertise
was lost.
1190
01:02:55,071 --> 01:02:57,854
Tell us how your
time there ended.
1191
01:02:59,114 --> 01:03:01,512
I understand...
the sensitive of the subject.
1192
01:03:01,571 --> 01:03:03,869
Say what you're
comfortable saying
1193
01:03:05,672 --> 01:03:09,942
I would say that it ended
much sooner then I had anticipated...
1194
01:03:09,952 --> 01:03:14,599
and it ended much sooner
than I would have wanted.
1195
01:03:15,310 --> 01:03:17,981
I really would have liked
to have stayed and tried to
1196
01:03:18,152 --> 01:03:20,828
giving the frustrations
and the limitations...
1197
01:03:20,830 --> 01:03:24,332
it was still a very...
worthwhile... place to be,
1198
01:03:24,333 --> 01:03:26,568
and a worthwhile thing
to be trying to do
1199
01:03:26,569 --> 01:03:28,001
Do you know why
she was fired?
1200
01:03:28,994 --> 01:03:32,775
- I know why, I was told.
- What was it?
1201
01:03:32,876 --> 01:03:35,266
That she was difficult to
get along with, and she...
1202
01:03:35,462 --> 01:03:37,516
was offering... opinions...
1203
01:03:37,524 --> 01:03:39,977
that would counter the prevailing
wisdom in Baghdad at the time
1204
01:03:40,009 --> 01:03:41,759
We were getting...
1205
01:03:42,009 --> 01:03:45,051
new people in,
after Bremer showed up.
1206
01:03:46,114 --> 01:03:49,169
Kids,... right out of college,...
you know?
1207
01:03:49,520 --> 01:03:51,339
They have a
baccalaureate degree
1208
01:03:51,355 --> 01:03:54,342
just got it before the
previous spring.
1209
01:03:54,748 --> 01:03:57,488
Daddy made a contribution
to the campaign
1210
01:03:57,678 --> 01:04:02,763
so the kid gets a chance to go over and
experience some fun travel and adventure
1211
01:04:04,613 --> 01:04:06,380
Pretty boys that's
what I call them
1212
01:04:06,489 --> 01:04:09,961
They sat around Bremmer's front door
and did nothing
1213
01:04:10,216 --> 01:04:13,685
During the course my time and
in the Green Zone
1214
01:04:13,715 --> 01:04:15,883
when I was in the palace I bumped
into one of my students
1215
01:04:15,885 --> 01:04:17,350
just graduated.
1216
01:04:17,420 --> 01:04:20,455
I asked her what she was doing
and... she said well I...
1217
01:04:20,456 --> 01:04:21,911
She couldn't belive
her luck.
1218
01:04:21,942 --> 01:04:23,692
"I'm being asked to..."
1219
01:04:23,738 --> 01:04:26,335
"do the traffic plan for the city".
1220
01:04:26,552 --> 01:04:29,764
And I... asked her if she had any training
in municipal planning...
1221
01:04:29,765 --> 01:04:31,427
and she said no.
1222
01:04:33,208 --> 01:04:35,470
So she fresh
out of school
1223
01:04:35,486 --> 01:04:39,672
and had been put in charge of something
quite complicated...to say the least
1224
01:04:39,734 --> 01:04:42,797
And beeing out in Baghdad traffic,
the need was apparent.
1225
01:04:42,912 --> 01:04:46,181
Most officials there,
where on three month... contracts.
1226
01:04:46,273 --> 01:04:50,148
As soon as somebody would develop the
apropiate relationships with the Iraqis
1227
01:04:50,273 --> 01:04:54,556
in 90 days,... 100 days, 120 days,
they'd go home..
1228
01:04:54,658 --> 01:04:56,158
And that...
1229
01:04:56,273 --> 01:04:58,978
is a terrible way to run
an organization
1230
01:04:59,212 --> 01:05:02,564
There was a very strong...
preference...
1231
01:05:02,586 --> 01:05:04,698
on the ... by the Pentagon...
1232
01:05:04,700 --> 01:05:08,270
to have American... companies
doing the work.
1233
01:05:08,478 --> 01:05:12,837
And there are numerous instances
where local Iraqi contractors
1234
01:05:12,884 --> 01:05:14,993
proposed that they could
do pieces of work
1235
01:05:15,057 --> 01:05:17,292
for much much less
than infact...
1236
01:05:17,379 --> 01:05:19,883
the American contractors
could have done
1237
01:05:20,048 --> 01:05:22,050
Ann and I had a different
approach to our work...
1238
01:05:22,051 --> 01:05:24,419
than many coalition units have.
1239
01:05:24,420 --> 01:05:27,421
Because we worked
very very closely with
the Iraqis.
1240
01:05:27,485 --> 01:05:32,415
If we're sitting in a meeting it was
Americans... and Iraqis
1241
01:05:32,430 --> 01:05:35,153
and the Iraqis had just
as much say as we did
1242
01:05:35,216 --> 01:05:37,981
We were building border forts
right next to forts being put up
1243
01:05:38,002 --> 01:05:39,473
by the Army Corps of Engineers
1244
01:05:39,489 --> 01:05:42,150
to that big American
contractor Parsons.
1245
01:05:42,356 --> 01:05:45,009
I mean, we had our forts
designed, build and dedicated
1246
01:05:45,041 --> 01:05:47,074
in a period of about
five months.
1247
01:05:47,209 --> 01:05:49,010
I think we left the
Parsons forts
1248
01:05:49,011 --> 01:05:51,279
which had been started maybe
a year before we arrived
1249
01:05:51,280 --> 01:05:52,854
we're still
not finished.
1250
01:05:52,903 --> 01:05:58,988
Seth Moulton and Ann Gildroy's
border forts cost $200.000.
Parson's cost $1,200,000.
1251
01:05:59,362 --> 01:06:02,807
The military officers would
often be out in the field,
1252
01:06:03,003 --> 01:06:06,361
expanding the small amount
of funds that they had,
1253
01:06:06,363 --> 01:06:10,473
for immediate action to,
say, clean up street...
1254
01:06:10,599 --> 01:06:14,536
effect some temporary improvements
in the sewage system...
1255
01:06:14,537 --> 01:06:18,230
Once a military had expended it's small
amount of money to do that
1256
01:06:18,266 --> 01:06:19,933
it would come back to CPA.
1257
01:06:19,942 --> 01:06:21,902
"We need this, this and this"
1258
01:06:21,963 --> 01:06:24,942
"for these projects, and it's gonna
cost as much and so forth".
1259
01:06:24,967 --> 01:06:29,081
And... it would disappear...
it would simply disappear.
1260
01:06:29,185 --> 01:06:31,723
- "What happened to my request?"
- Oh, "what request?"
1261
01:06:32,497 --> 01:06:35,028
And this happened over and over
again.
1262
01:06:35,164 --> 01:06:40,936
$18 billion (i.e $18,000 million) in reconstruction money
was made available on October 1, 2003.
1263
01:06:41,145 --> 01:06:44,755
This $18 billion that was
commited by the Congress...
1264
01:06:45,599 --> 01:06:50,122
was really misconceived and misspent,
if it was spent at all?
1265
01:06:50,139 --> 01:06:53,333
We expect to produce enough
electricity for all Iraqis
1266
01:06:53,395 --> 01:06:56,431
to have electrical service
24 hours daily.
1267
01:06:56,479 --> 01:07:00,270
Something essential to their
hopes for the future
1268
01:07:00,333 --> 01:07:05,220
There was fraud, there was corruption,
there was waste.
1269
01:07:05,222 --> 01:07:09,529
One year later, only $1 billion
had actually been spent.
1270
01:07:09,658 --> 01:07:12,419
The ordinary people have
their electricity...
1271
01:07:12,455 --> 01:07:15,004
only for two or three hours a day.
1272
01:07:15,084 --> 01:07:19,190
Water comes every, like now and then,
every two or three days.
1273
01:07:19,261 --> 01:07:22,315
We spent the winter shivering,
covered in blankets...
1274
01:07:22,400 --> 01:07:27,241
because we didn't have enough
fuel to operate the heaters.
1275
01:07:27,401 --> 01:07:30,676
That's, that's....that's the life we live.
1276
01:07:45,394 --> 01:07:47,062
In May, 2003...
1277
01:07:47,063 --> 01:07:49,230
the United Nations
sent its best expert...
1278
01:07:49,231 --> 01:07:52,667
in postwar reconstruction
to help the USA occupation.
1279
01:07:52,722 --> 01:07:56,331
He was a Brazilian diplomat
named Sergio Vieira de Mello.
1280
01:07:56,383 --> 01:07:59,487
Even though the UN was given
nothing meaningful to do
1281
01:07:59,575 --> 01:08:01,854
Kofi (Annan) announced
"Let me send my best."
1282
01:08:01,933 --> 01:08:05,442
"If anybody can... carv out
a bigger role for the UN"
1283
01:08:05,504 --> 01:08:07,448
"it's my guy, it's
Sergio Vieira de Mello".
1284
01:08:07,457 --> 01:08:10,115
You know I was part of his team,
you know I was his...
1285
01:08:10,364 --> 01:08:12,920
principal political adviser,
you know, at that time...
1286
01:08:12,922 --> 01:08:14,973
and went together to Baghdad.
1287
01:08:15,128 --> 01:08:17,964
Our political team
were all Arabic speakers...
1288
01:08:18,030 --> 01:08:22,110
and with good experience, working
in the region and so on.
1289
01:08:22,191 --> 01:08:25,845
One of the things that Sergio did,
that is very very poignant
in retrospect, is that...
1290
01:08:25,932 --> 01:08:29,065
seeing that the USA
had boarded itself up
1291
01:08:29,127 --> 01:08:34,306
in the Green Zone... and... was
not accessing the Iraqi Street.
1292
01:08:34,461 --> 01:08:36,643
Sergio created a
structure in Iraq...
1293
01:08:36,645 --> 01:08:38,650
that was precisely the
opposite to the Green Zone.
1294
01:08:38,657 --> 01:08:40,141
You may call it
the anti Green Zone.
1295
01:08:40,149 --> 01:08:43,851
I'm listening, I'm listening to
political... leaders...
1296
01:08:43,853 --> 01:08:46,588
you know I'll be meeting with them
on a daily basis
1297
01:08:46,589 --> 01:08:49,257
We had various discussions
with these military
1298
01:08:49,287 --> 01:08:51,071
who came to the UN
1299
01:08:51,258 --> 01:08:53,661
and met with
Sergio Vieira de Mello...
1300
01:08:53,743 --> 01:08:55,868
and ask him, you know,
to mediate
1301
01:08:55,891 --> 01:08:59,100
in the dispute that
they have with the CPA.
1302
01:08:59,101 --> 01:09:01,369
You had this long long lines
right outside the Green Zone...
1303
01:09:01,370 --> 01:09:03,771
but they could not make
their complaints felt.
1304
01:09:03,780 --> 01:09:07,550
In the UN compound, by contrast,
it was incredibly porous
1305
01:09:07,675 --> 01:09:11,456
If you wanted to complain, the UN was
very very eager to hear your complaint
1306
01:09:11,487 --> 01:09:13,302
and Sergio saw
this his role
1307
01:09:13,354 --> 01:09:15,847
to relate those complaints to
Bremmer, at the highest levels
1308
01:09:15,849 --> 01:09:18,043
in hopes that somebody
saw these things get tended to...
1309
01:09:18,045 --> 01:09:20,321
before insurgency took root.
1310
01:09:20,322 --> 01:09:22,924
I'm meeting with him regularly
1311
01:09:22,925 --> 01:09:26,194
and sharing my advice and
my experience with him..
1312
01:09:26,195 --> 01:09:29,230
As soon as Bremer had
made use of Sergio,
1313
01:09:29,231 --> 01:09:31,071
had made use
of the UN
1314
01:09:31,360 --> 01:09:34,002
he had almost no time
for the UN.
1315
01:09:34,003 --> 01:09:35,570
And so what Sergio
lived through,
1316
01:09:35,571 --> 01:09:38,473
was two months,
of in effect, being used,
1317
01:09:38,474 --> 01:09:41,696
as a vehicle to get to certain
segments in Iraqi society
1318
01:09:41,743 --> 01:09:43,211
and the for his
last month...
1319
01:09:43,219 --> 01:09:45,750
what he endured was not having
his phone calls returned
1320
01:09:45,786 --> 01:09:48,054
and so on issues like
detention policy
1321
01:09:48,598 --> 01:09:52,090
hoodings was one of the issues that
Sergio raised again and again, with...
1322
01:09:52,284 --> 01:09:54,279
Bremer and with general Sánchez.
1323
01:09:54,290 --> 01:09:57,094
The hoodings of prisoners,
Bremer would hear non of it.
1324
01:10:06,056 --> 01:10:10,572
Be three or four crucial months
after the fall of Baghdad...
1325
01:10:10,618 --> 01:10:14,501
the two main things the US military
was doing on the ground, were...
1326
01:10:14,594 --> 01:10:18,634
looking for WMD supplies and
looking for Saddam Hussein
1327
01:10:18,712 --> 01:10:21,076
The process of those searches...
1328
01:10:21,290 --> 01:10:23,218
busting in the doors at night...
1329
01:10:23,219 --> 01:10:25,887
rounding up people,
taking them to Abu Ghraib...
1330
01:10:25,888 --> 01:10:30,584
having mass arrests, had
really an bittering effect.
1331
01:10:54,182 --> 01:10:56,683
If you happen to be a
military aged Iraqi
1332
01:10:56,685 --> 01:10:59,787
in an area of operation where the
American military went into
1333
01:10:59,788 --> 01:11:01,689
there's a good chance
you gonna be arrested
1334
01:11:01,697 --> 01:11:05,430
or interned as a
suspected insurgent.
1335
01:11:05,494 --> 01:11:08,930
Just have been a military aged man
and in that area of operation.
1336
01:11:09,001 --> 01:11:10,898
In many occasions,
you take the
1337
01:11:10,899 --> 01:11:13,642
Iraqi man in military age
out of his family...
1338
01:11:13,822 --> 01:11:15,160
you're taking the breadwinner.
1339
01:11:15,203 --> 01:11:17,808
I have no one left, I swear
on Muhammad's life
1340
01:11:17,836 --> 01:11:20,642
he has done nothing wrong.
1341
01:11:20,651 --> 01:11:23,094
Oh my son, Amer!
1342
01:11:25,085 --> 01:11:28,138
You anger not just him
but you anger an extended family.
1343
01:11:28,365 --> 01:11:31,615
Because he's probably supporting
more than his immediate family.
1344
01:11:35,185 --> 01:11:38,240
Whenever they hear
the American helicopters
1345
01:11:38,349 --> 01:11:40,850
or American tanks
driving in their street
1346
01:11:40,990 --> 01:11:43,075
they immediately wake up...
1347
01:11:43,247 --> 01:11:45,500
even if it's like two o'clock
in the morning...
1348
01:11:45,501 --> 01:11:48,536
and prepare themselves
for the detention.
1349
01:11:48,857 --> 01:11:53,403
Because for them, this is a
usual thing happening, even now!
1350
01:11:54,089 --> 01:11:58,226
There were attacks on...
the American soldiers themselves...
1351
01:11:58,314 --> 01:12:00,207
and so they responded those attacks.
1352
01:12:00,221 --> 01:12:02,786
by going out and trying to
find the insurgents.
1353
01:12:02,928 --> 01:12:04,933
And in going out to
find the insurgents
1354
01:12:04,964 --> 01:12:08,435
they sometimes, arrested
the wrong person,
1355
01:12:09,092 --> 01:12:12,177
they even sometimes, killed
the wrong person.
1356
01:12:12,296 --> 01:12:14,964
Once people were arrested,
they tended to disappear...
1357
01:12:14,997 --> 01:12:18,401
in the American military
prison system
1358
01:12:18,455 --> 01:12:20,268
for a long time
without a trace
1359
01:12:20,292 --> 01:12:22,183
Their families couldn't get
any word from them.
1360
01:12:22,248 --> 01:12:28,315
The U.S. military does not disclose the
number of Iraqis arrested or detained
in Iraq since 2003.
1361
01:12:28,388 --> 01:12:31,800
It is difficult... to understand
what it feels like to an occupied person.
1362
01:12:31,813 --> 01:12:33,547
They point a gun on you
from their jeeps.
1363
01:12:33,549 --> 01:12:35,083
They stop you
when your driving.
1364
01:12:35,084 --> 01:12:37,089
The Iraqis would
not understand...
1365
01:12:37,103 --> 01:12:39,578
instructions given to them
at traffic check points.
1366
01:12:39,610 --> 01:12:42,126
Were they approaching to quickly,
they would get shot and killed.
1367
01:12:42,245 --> 01:12:44,456
Mostly American units
that I spent time with
1368
01:12:44,526 --> 01:12:46,980
tried very very hard
to always do the right thing
1369
01:12:46,982 --> 01:12:49,412
and to not kill anyone
or injur anyone they haven't
1370
01:12:49,464 --> 01:12:51,834
intended to
or needed to.
1371
01:12:51,900 --> 01:12:55,069
But there is no question
that the wars are messy...
1372
01:12:55,070 --> 01:12:57,105
and, this one in Iraq...
1373
01:12:57,106 --> 01:12:59,259
with the way the insurgency
is being waged
1374
01:12:59,302 --> 01:13:00,642
is particularly so.
1375
01:13:00,712 --> 01:13:04,165
One after another you have
these short term decisions
1376
01:13:04,189 --> 01:13:06,970
which by the end of 2003...
1377
01:13:07,095 --> 01:13:10,417
ment you had a country with
an insurgency underway.
1378
01:13:11,078 --> 01:13:16,517
UN HEADQUARTERS BAGHDAD
AUGUST 19, 2003
1379
01:13:24,566 --> 01:13:29,818
On August 19, 2003, a massive bomb
destroyed the UN headquarters in
Baghdad, killing 22 people
1380
01:13:30,005 --> 01:13:35,173
Among those killed, the UN's chief envoy
to Iraq, Sergio Vieira de Mello.
1381
01:13:54,219 --> 01:13:55,653
A Russian made truck...
1382
01:13:55,701 --> 01:13:59,571
pulled up right outside
Sergio Vieira de Mello window
1383
01:13:59,645 --> 01:14:00,957
and set off...
1384
01:14:00,959 --> 01:14:03,104
just a huge amount
of explosives.
1385
01:14:03,105 --> 01:14:07,131
The entire southwestern
corner at the UN building collapsed.
1386
01:14:07,171 --> 01:14:09,397
Sergio was under the rubble and
alive
1387
01:14:09,444 --> 01:14:12,530
for more than three hours
awaiting rescue.
1388
01:14:12,549 --> 01:14:15,428
We lost many colleagues....
you know, in that moment.
1389
01:14:15,462 --> 01:14:19,030
And I think it was the sign
that something dramatic...
1390
01:14:19,124 --> 01:14:22,190
had happened in the country
and the insurgency had become...
1391
01:14:22,302 --> 01:14:24,003
very lethal and full fledged...
1392
01:14:24,059 --> 01:14:26,919
ready for a long struggle
and long fight...
1393
01:14:26,958 --> 01:14:30,055
you know, with the... coalition forces.
1394
01:14:33,001 --> 01:14:36,070
In 2004, the relation
between the army...
1395
01:14:36,071 --> 01:14:39,223
and the Iraqi people
had grown toxic.
1396
01:14:41,097 --> 01:14:45,075
Allright, this is the corner
where liitle kids throw rocks at us
1397
01:14:48,183 --> 01:14:49,935
God damn!
1398
01:14:52,386 --> 01:14:56,422
- Right here!
- But we can't use deadly force.
1399
01:14:56,525 --> 01:14:58,092
We can't use deadly force.
1400
01:14:58,093 --> 01:14:59,321
Fuck you1
1401
01:14:59,895 --> 01:15:02,460
Fuck you!
Your little shit!
1402
01:15:02,713 --> 01:15:06,951
You see...all these civilians
who come over to work for
1403
01:15:07,402 --> 01:15:09,436
for the private contractors,
who are...
1404
01:15:09,467 --> 01:15:11,944
doing so much to the work
with the reconstruction
1405
01:15:12,014 --> 01:15:14,137
because we don't have
enough troops
1406
01:15:14,343 --> 01:15:20,692
There are more than 45.000 private military
contractors in Iraq, more than in any war in
U.S history.
1407
01:15:29,891 --> 01:15:32,660
I have seen an awful lot of
of civil contractors...
1408
01:15:32,662 --> 01:15:37,065
who have been...
particulary violent...and....
1409
01:15:37,485 --> 01:15:39,834
very short sighted
in terms of what they're doing.
1410
01:15:39,835 --> 01:15:43,451
What follows is a home movie made by
a private military contractor in Iraq.
1411
01:15:43,474 --> 01:15:45,236
The music is in the original.
1412
01:16:43,572 --> 01:16:45,901
Did he already fight
the americans?
1413
01:16:51,772 --> 01:16:54,041
By early 2004, Faluya...
1414
01:16:54,042 --> 01:16:57,545
a city of 350.000 people
west of Baghdad...
1415
01:16:57,546 --> 01:17:01,582
had become the center
of the Suni insurgency.
1416
01:17:05,195 --> 01:17:07,758
On March 31, 2004...
1417
01:17:07,930 --> 01:17:10,820
four american military
contractors were killed...
1418
01:17:10,859 --> 01:17:13,294
and their bodies were
dragged thru the streets of Faluya.
1419
01:17:13,295 --> 01:17:15,487
by cheering crowds.
1420
01:17:19,104 --> 01:17:21,202
Beginning in early 2004...
1421
01:17:21,203 --> 01:17:23,203
the National Intelligence Council (NIC)...
1422
01:17:23,209 --> 01:17:24,938
a powerful 12 person committee...
1423
01:17:24,940 --> 01:17:27,953
that sits on top of americas
intelligence community...
1424
01:17:28,039 --> 01:17:31,178
Conducted several assesments
of the growing insurgency...
1425
01:17:31,179 --> 01:17:32,992
which they presented to
the White House...
1426
01:17:33,001 --> 01:17:35,402
and senior administration
officials.
1427
01:17:35,450 --> 01:17:39,086
Well, we were chronicling... what was
a deepening insurgency.
1428
01:17:39,087 --> 01:17:42,223
It was broadning and was not
limited to foreign fighters...
1429
01:17:42,224 --> 01:17:44,659
or...dissaffected baath-ists.
1430
01:17:44,660 --> 01:17:46,994
What we... call a the
insurgency...
1431
01:17:46,995 --> 01:17:50,138
really is a multy-faceted
deeply-rooted thing.
1432
01:17:50,904 --> 01:17:52,841
It's not just a few baath-ists
dead-enders...
1433
01:17:52,857 --> 01:17:56,568
not just a few extremists
from oversea...
1434
01:17:56,990 --> 01:18:00,875
but rather reflected
multiple motivations...
1435
01:18:00,876 --> 01:18:03,647
and frustrations among
the Iraqi people themselves.
1436
01:18:03,701 --> 01:18:07,415
Has...the economic
situation was deteriorating...
1437
01:18:07,416 --> 01:18:11,987
Has peoples personal security
was becoming weaker...
1438
01:18:12,135 --> 01:18:16,463
and as resentment of the American
occupation was growing.
1439
01:18:16,619 --> 01:18:19,460
The CIA...
1440
01:18:19,769 --> 01:18:21,929
laid out a...
1441
01:18:22,129 --> 01:18:24,799
several scenarios.
1442
01:18:24,800 --> 01:18:28,497
it said... life could be lousy,
life could be okey...
1443
01:18:28,872 --> 01:18:30,106
life could be better.
1444
01:18:30,184 --> 01:18:32,083
The president hadn't read it...
1445
01:18:32,138 --> 01:18:35,109
not even the one page summary
over which we worked so hard
1446
01:18:35,110 --> 01:18:38,446
to reduce the findings to a
single readable page.
1447
01:18:38,575 --> 01:18:41,559
- President did not read
even the executive summary?
- Correct.
1448
01:18:41,583 --> 01:18:46,053
And they were just a...
1449
01:18:46,054 --> 01:18:48,222
guessing as what the
conditions might be like.
1450
01:18:48,326 --> 01:18:51,529
What's your estimate of the
number of people in Iraq who...
1451
01:18:51,851 --> 01:18:55,954
have been active at some
level in the insurgency?
1452
01:18:56,198 --> 01:18:59,500
Active in some level...
if you say supporting
1453
01:18:59,501 --> 01:19:01,702
providing safe haven to...
1454
01:19:01,771 --> 01:19:04,740
potentially... well over 100,000 people.
1455
01:19:18,698 --> 01:19:21,355
Despite the intensification
of the insurgency...
1456
01:19:21,479 --> 01:19:23,924
there were still not sufficient
armored vehicles...
1457
01:19:23,925 --> 01:19:25,844
for american soldiers
in Iraq.
1458
01:19:25,923 --> 01:19:27,428
We never had a single armored Humvee
1459
01:19:27,429 --> 01:19:30,329
while we were in Iraq
throughout 2003.
1460
01:19:30,493 --> 01:19:33,477
We... went to Iraq in 2004 with
1461
01:19:33,548 --> 01:19:35,002
unarmored Humvee's.
1462
01:19:35,003 --> 01:19:38,665
and they were giving
armored kits in Kuwait.
1463
01:19:38,791 --> 01:19:41,860
Which were just sort of
cut out doors with no windows,
1464
01:19:42,727 --> 01:19:45,579
and a bullet proof windshield
and... that's about it.
1465
01:19:45,580 --> 01:19:48,407
If your Humvee hadn't
been armored
1466
01:19:48,578 --> 01:19:51,186
what do you think the damage
for that idea had been?
1467
01:19:51,219 --> 01:19:52,812
I think it would've
been deadly.
1468
01:19:52,833 --> 01:19:56,179
Why do we soldiers have to
dig through local landfills
1469
01:19:56,242 --> 01:19:57,880
for pieces of
scrap metal...
1470
01:19:57,919 --> 01:20:00,668
and compromized ballistic glass stuff
from our armored vehicles
1471
01:20:00,678 --> 01:20:04,515
and why don't we have those resources
readyly available to us?
1472
01:20:10,027 --> 01:20:13,973
It is essentially a matter of physics,
it isn't a matter of money
1473
01:20:13,975 --> 01:20:17,227
It isn't a matter on the part
of the army, of desire...
1474
01:20:17,435 --> 01:20:21,398
it's a matter of production
and capability of doing it.
1475
01:20:21,485 --> 01:20:25,032
We have automobil plants
closing down in America
1476
01:20:25,376 --> 01:20:26,954
You know...I mean I...
1477
01:20:26,977 --> 01:20:29,274
I am not a factory expert...
1478
01:20:29,313 --> 01:20:31,725
just retool them to produce
some armored Humvees
1479
01:20:31,726 --> 01:20:33,027
it should be
that difficult.
1480
01:20:33,042 --> 01:20:35,483
You go to the war with the
army that you have...
1481
01:20:35,597 --> 01:20:40,031
and the h"army you might want
or wish you have at a later time.
1482
01:20:40,468 --> 01:20:44,505
THINGS FALL APART
1483
01:20:44,656 --> 01:20:48,963
In November, 2004,
the Pentagon decided to attack Faluya...
1484
01:20:49,049 --> 01:20:52,818
in an attempt to recapture the city
from the suní insurgency.
1485
01:20:52,987 --> 01:20:57,314
Faluyas 350.000 residence
were warned to leave.
1486
01:21:05,193 --> 01:21:07,995
The battle destroyed 70 % of the city...
1487
01:21:07,996 --> 01:21:11,265
and renders 150.000
people homeless.
1488
01:21:11,266 --> 01:21:14,668
Despite intense combats,...
many insurgents escape.
1489
01:21:14,795 --> 01:21:17,237
40 marines were killed.
1490
01:21:18,673 --> 01:21:21,630
While the US military was
preoccupied with Faluya...
1491
01:21:21,720 --> 01:21:25,221
Shiít melitias were taking
over southern Iraq.
1492
01:21:33,552 --> 01:21:38,833
There is nothing like
an army or a... major ah...hm
1493
01:21:38,897 --> 01:21:41,032
large elements of
hundreds of people
1494
01:21:41,096 --> 01:21:44,810
trying to overthrow or
to change the situation.
1495
01:21:45,045 --> 01:21:46,709
In August, 2004...
1496
01:21:46,755 --> 01:21:49,928
the holy city of Nayaf is
taken over by the Mahdi army...
1497
01:21:49,938 --> 01:21:53,701
The Shiít militia controlled...
by Muqtada al-Sadr.
1498
01:21:54,670 --> 01:21:58,402
Seth's platoon found itself in combat with
Muqtada al-Sadr's militia.
1499
01:21:58,613 --> 01:22:02,730
Essentially that turnover we got from
the army unit that we replaced, was...
1500
01:22:02,817 --> 01:22:07,378
that...most things in
Nayaf...were pretty peacful.
1501
01:22:07,792 --> 01:22:10,057
Except there's a 3.000 men
militia force...
1502
01:22:10,058 --> 01:22:12,698
that occupies the center of the city.
1503
01:22:14,195 --> 01:22:16,697
A lot of rounds flying,
a lot of mortars landing.
1504
01:22:16,698 --> 01:22:20,067
My platoon was the first
into the police station.
1505
01:22:20,068 --> 01:22:23,904
We just...took our positions
alongside the Iraqi police.
1506
01:22:23,905 --> 01:22:25,940
and... defended them
from the militia.
1507
01:22:25,941 --> 01:22:27,675
But it wasn't until the
end of August...
1508
01:22:27,676 --> 01:22:30,151
that we did a full scale
assault...
1509
01:22:30,275 --> 01:22:32,909
on the old city of Nayaf...
and took it over.
1510
01:22:32,988 --> 01:22:37,712
Muqtada al-Sadr was allowed
to escape unharmed.
1511
01:22:37,819 --> 01:22:40,554
If democracy can not provide
for the Iraqi people...
1512
01:22:40,635 --> 01:22:42,823
People will say...
"To Hell with the democracy".
1513
01:22:42,908 --> 01:22:44,425
"We need a strong man".
1514
01:22:44,426 --> 01:22:46,427
And I can see the strong man
already in the offing
1515
01:22:46,429 --> 01:22:48,330
his name is Muqtada al-Sadr
1516
01:22:48,447 --> 01:22:52,870
And I would say this is not a good
choice for the future leader of Iraq.
1517
01:22:52,934 --> 01:22:55,803
Were you a part of...
the liberations...
1518
01:22:55,804 --> 01:23:00,127
about wether to capture
or kill Muqtada al-Sadr?
1519
01:23:00,220 --> 01:23:01,849
Yes, I was.
1520
01:23:01,932 --> 01:23:05,541
Had we seen Muqtada al-Sadr as a
troublemaker and a thorn in the side...
1521
01:23:05,572 --> 01:23:07,803
Absolutely, and we
wanted to arrest him.
1522
01:23:07,872 --> 01:23:10,917
It gets back in my view
to the matter of troop strategy.
1523
01:23:10,932 --> 01:23:14,108
Yes, military didn't want to be deverted
from their major mission.
1524
01:23:14,186 --> 01:23:16,995
To go after what would have been a...
probaly short term
1525
01:23:17,010 --> 01:23:20,928
but difficult,... and I'm sure
bloody...battle
1526
01:23:21,922 --> 01:23:24,664
and ultimately that's
what went out.
1527
01:23:25,414 --> 01:23:29,570
After elections were held in Iraq,
on December 15, 2005...
1528
01:23:29,571 --> 01:23:31,435
the United Iraqi Alliance...
1529
01:23:31,458 --> 01:23:34,710
of witch Muqtada al-Sadrs
party is a major participant...
1530
01:23:34,743 --> 01:23:38,201
took nearly half the seats
in Iraq central government.
1531
01:23:38,240 --> 01:23:40,775
It is not easy being a marine
who someone, you know...
1532
01:23:40,815 --> 01:23:45,352
some of my buddys were killed
by him and his... militia.
1533
01:23:45,353 --> 01:23:49,124
And now looking at Iraq and
see him as a rising polititian.
1534
01:23:49,216 --> 01:23:50,874
That's frustrating.
1535
01:23:51,029 --> 01:23:54,264
Another shiít group within
al-Sadr's alliance is SCIRI...
1536
01:23:54,310 --> 01:23:57,699
the Supreme Council
for Islamic Revolution in Iraq.
1537
01:23:57,897 --> 01:24:00,733
SCIRI's leadership lived in
Iran for 20 years.
1538
01:24:00,873 --> 01:24:02,583
and is frequently
pro Iranian.
1539
01:24:02,655 --> 01:24:04,071
These two shiít groups...
1540
01:24:04,072 --> 01:24:07,007
which sometimes engage in
armed combat with each other,
1541
01:24:07,240 --> 01:24:09,756
are poloticaly allied
against suní groups.
1542
01:24:09,967 --> 01:24:12,108
Muqtada al-Sadr's Mahdi army...
1543
01:24:12,249 --> 01:24:15,181
continues to clash
with US forces.
1544
01:24:15,353 --> 01:24:18,509
The level of activity that we see
today from a military standpoint...
1545
01:24:18,511 --> 01:24:21,439
I think ,will clearly...
decline, I think they'r in the...
1546
01:24:21,455 --> 01:24:23,830
in the last throws,
if you will, in the insurgency.
1547
01:24:23,985 --> 01:24:28,830
When secretary... Rumsfeld and...
vice-president Cheney...
1548
01:24:28,869 --> 01:24:34,174
made their comments about the
insurgency dying out, being a few
defenters etcetera
1549
01:24:34,208 --> 01:24:37,901
you knew that...
the intelligence estimats...
1550
01:24:38,141 --> 01:24:41,175
already indicated
that they were wrong.
1551
01:24:41,191 --> 01:24:43,422
It had been to Iraq 8 times...
1552
01:24:43,462 --> 01:24:45,774
I knew what the facts
on the ground were.
1553
01:24:46,141 --> 01:24:49,703
They will have to speak and they will be
judged by their own words and actions....
1554
01:24:49,757 --> 01:24:51,852
but I knew what
the facts were.
1555
01:24:51,875 --> 01:24:56,964
Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld
refused to be interviewed for this film.
1556
01:24:57,383 --> 01:25:00,805
Starting in 2005,... the
administration slowly began
1557
01:25:00,821 --> 01:25:02,624
to correct some
of its mistakes.
1558
01:25:03,391 --> 01:25:05,532
It accelerated training
of the Iraqi army...
1559
01:25:05,774 --> 01:25:07,401
and apointed a Moslem diplomat...
1560
01:25:07,402 --> 01:25:10,136
Zalmay Khalilzad, as ambassador.
1561
01:25:10,618 --> 01:25:12,399
In June, 2006...
1562
01:25:12,477 --> 01:25:15,008
ambassador Khalilzad sent
an ominous cable
1563
01:25:15,016 --> 01:25:16,561
to Condoleezza Rice.
1564
01:25:16,711 --> 01:25:18,522
Iraqis working for the embassy...
1565
01:25:18,552 --> 01:25:20,390
could not tell their families
where they worked...
1566
01:25:20,415 --> 01:25:22,449
for fear of being killed.
1567
01:25:22,598 --> 01:25:25,512
They asked what will happen
if the Americans evacuate.
1568
01:25:25,676 --> 01:25:28,996
Many planed ahead for
their own abduction.
1569
01:25:29,354 --> 01:25:30,541
Six months later...
1570
01:25:30,543 --> 01:25:33,659
the day after republicans loose
control of Congress...
1571
01:25:33,746 --> 01:25:37,297
president Bush announces
Donald Rumsfeld's resignation.
1572
01:25:37,299 --> 01:25:40,064
The new secretary of Defense,
Robert Gates...
1573
01:25:40,079 --> 01:25:42,868
he's a pragmatist who had been
privately critical of the war .
1574
01:25:42,993 --> 01:25:46,243
I am making a change...
at the Secretariat of Defense...
1575
01:25:46,249 --> 01:25:48,815
to bring a fresh perspective
as to how to achive something
1576
01:25:48,826 --> 01:25:51,210
I think most Americans want,
which is a victory.
1577
01:25:51,479 --> 01:25:55,880
THE CHAOS
1578
01:26:06,872 --> 01:26:08,862
By the time Rumsfeld
is replaced...
1579
01:26:08,989 --> 01:26:10,864
Iraq is out of control.
1580
01:26:11,033 --> 01:26:13,634
The country increasingly
dominated by militias...
1581
01:26:13,635 --> 01:26:16,611
insurgents, criminals
and Warlords.
1582
01:26:16,657 --> 01:26:19,541
The mixed areas are purged
by ethnic cleansing.
1583
01:26:19,646 --> 01:26:22,015
Shiít militias have
infiltrated the police...
1584
01:26:22,092 --> 01:26:24,360
using them for
sectarian killings.
1585
01:26:24,657 --> 01:26:28,994
Kidnappings and violent deaths,
have reached several hundred per day.
1586
01:26:30,025 --> 01:26:32,052
They kidnapped them from the market...
1587
01:26:32,053 --> 01:26:33,387
and they executed them.
1588
01:26:33,388 --> 01:26:35,283
They executed them for being Suníes.
1589
01:26:35,291 --> 01:26:37,124
There are so many
kinds of militia.
1590
01:26:37,125 --> 01:26:38,939
You have the Mahdi militia...
1591
01:26:38,970 --> 01:26:40,635
you have the Badr militia...
1592
01:26:40,657 --> 01:26:42,924
you have many militias
in this country.
1593
01:26:43,200 --> 01:26:47,507
And they all are
very democratic and...
1594
01:26:47,593 --> 01:26:49,242
arresting people...
1595
01:26:49,514 --> 01:26:50,748
and killing them.
1596
01:26:50,764 --> 01:26:53,839
Secuirity is...terrible, and in
many neighborhoods...
1597
01:26:53,841 --> 01:26:57,614
where the ever present threat
of cars bombs and
IED's (home made explosives).
1598
01:26:57,944 --> 01:26:59,858
A car bomb went off over there.
1599
01:26:59,886 --> 01:27:02,349
I was here, my father here
and my brother there.
1600
01:27:02,350 --> 01:27:04,511
My brother was killed in the blast.
1601
01:27:04,628 --> 01:27:06,615
And all the people
around him were killed.
1602
01:27:06,654 --> 01:27:10,630
Cars bombs,
IED's, kidnappings...
1603
01:27:10,685 --> 01:27:12,982
There are a lot of ways to die.
1604
01:27:13,083 --> 01:27:16,897
Kidnappings especially, sheer
money-making gangster stuff.
1605
01:27:16,995 --> 01:27:20,401
Kidnapping of a small boy
right in front of the hotel.
1606
01:27:20,420 --> 01:27:23,080
You know, a car just stoped,
grabbed the boy and drove off.
1607
01:27:23,127 --> 01:27:26,451
Parents will get a ransome note, and
somehow have to raise this
amount of money in a week.
1608
01:27:26,490 --> 01:27:30,178
It's not were you just have
1 or 2 or 3 kidnappings,
but you have hundreds...
1609
01:27:30,256 --> 01:27:31,878
and you get overwhelmed.
1610
01:27:31,879 --> 01:27:33,732
Where were they kidnapped?
1611
01:27:33,763 --> 01:27:37,589
They took them from their shops,
all four of them.
1612
01:27:37,606 --> 01:27:41,191
We went to the Sadr office
and begged and pleaded...
1613
01:27:41,231 --> 01:27:42,848
but they denied having them.
1614
01:27:42,850 --> 01:27:45,201
Influx of delusioned individuals
1615
01:27:45,226 --> 01:27:48,061
who are...asking for help or...or...
1616
01:27:48,062 --> 01:27:50,785
or...soon don't...
ask for help anymore.
1617
01:27:50,840 --> 01:27:53,379
Why report it to the police?
One: we don't trust them,
1618
01:27:53,401 --> 01:27:55,495
Two: they may be committing
some of the crime.
1619
01:27:55,511 --> 01:27:58,750
The uniforms that they used,
just proliferated all over the place
1620
01:27:58,758 --> 01:28:01,386
So you really have lots of
rouge elements
1621
01:28:01,402 --> 01:28:05,098
and people that are using
or working under the guise
of the security services.
1622
01:28:05,192 --> 01:28:08,981
Now you can see people...
arrested by many sources.
1623
01:28:08,988 --> 01:28:10,363
We don't know
who are they.
1624
01:28:10,373 --> 01:28:13,809
Fake check-points...
in the streets
stop people passing...
1625
01:28:13,855 --> 01:28:17,783
and looking to their ID's
and see if they were shiít's...
1626
01:28:17,821 --> 01:28:21,356
sunis, kurds, arabs
and then...
1627
01:28:21,396 --> 01:28:24,965
either kidnap them or
kill them in the same place.
1628
01:28:26,971 --> 01:28:28,933
When I say goodbye of my husband...
1629
01:28:28,949 --> 01:28:31,370
I think I'm not comming back.
1630
01:28:34,050 --> 01:28:38,220
By late 2006, Baghdad had fallen
into near anarchy.
1631
01:28:38,714 --> 01:28:41,148
The US military
controlled the Green Zone...
1632
01:28:41,149 --> 01:28:43,605
and the area around
the Baghdad airport.
1633
01:28:43,712 --> 01:28:47,582
Iraqi security forces controlled
areas in the East and South.
1634
01:28:47,845 --> 01:28:51,698
The suníe's militias controlled several
predominately suní neighborhoods.
1635
01:28:52,003 --> 01:28:55,620
Muqtada al-Sadr' Mahdi Army...
dominated large areas...
1636
01:28:55,639 --> 01:28:58,944
including the enormous
shiít slum of Sadr city.
1637
01:28:59,178 --> 01:29:02,368
SCIRIs rival shiít militia,
the Badr Brigade...
1638
01:29:02,370 --> 01:29:04,671
controlled wealthier shiít areas.
1639
01:29:04,804 --> 01:29:07,974
Neighborhood organizations
controlled many small zones
1640
01:29:08,077 --> 01:29:11,491
Large areas were essentially
controlled by noone.
1641
01:29:14,615 --> 01:29:18,218
CONSEQUENCES
1642
01:29:18,332 --> 01:29:21,434
From a study, conducted by
Harvard professor Linda Bilmes
1643
01:29:21,456 --> 01:29:23,919
and Nobel laureate
Joseph Stiglitz...
1644
01:29:23,966 --> 01:29:29,162
as of early 2007, the US has spent
$379 billion ($379,000,000,000).
1645
01:29:29,171 --> 01:29:31,472
directly on the war in Iraq.
1646
01:29:31,535 --> 01:29:36,185
Future operating costs are estimated
at $389 billion (389,000,000,000).
1647
01:29:36,279 --> 01:29:38,071
The costs of veterans healthcare...
1648
01:29:38,072 --> 01:29:40,707
and loss of productivity
of those serving in Iraq...
1649
01:29:40,794 --> 01:29:43,130
it $482 billion ($482,000,000,000).
1650
01:29:43,216 --> 01:29:46,622
The costs of demobilization
and replacing military equipment
1651
01:29:46,684 --> 01:29:49,548
which is being used up
6 times faster than normal
1652
01:29:49,550 --> 01:29:51,952
is $160 billion ($160,000,000,000).
1653
01:29:51,953 --> 01:29:54,554
The increase in oil prices
due to the war...
1654
01:29:54,555 --> 01:29:59,626
have cost the US economy.
$450 billion ($450,000,000000 million dollars.
1655
01:29:59,696 --> 01:30:02,162
In total,...
the economic cost of the war...
1656
01:30:02,163 --> 01:30:05,891
is projected to reach
$1,8 trillion ($1,800,000,000,000)
1657
01:30:06,806 --> 01:30:09,236
I'm suffering from...
1658
01:30:09,339 --> 01:30:12,478
post-traumatic... migraines...
1659
01:30:12,566 --> 01:30:15,303
and post-traumatic epilepsy.
1660
01:30:17,487 --> 01:30:24,393
Sometimes,... I... have bad memory
about what happened...
1661
01:30:24,558 --> 01:30:26,686
But I'm not... scared of them.
1662
01:30:26,948 --> 01:30:28,730
Do you feel emotionally okey?
1663
01:30:30,300 --> 01:30:32,573
Sometimes, it's a little...
1664
01:30:35,229 --> 01:30:37,353
Sometimes, yes. Sometimes, not.
1665
01:30:38,232 --> 01:30:41,134
Still have drouble...you know,
dealing with...
1666
01:30:42,527 --> 01:30:46,264
you know's, what happened to me
and to my partner, you know. Sometimes.
1667
01:30:47,575 --> 01:30:51,225
The big big cost... in terms of
veterans disability
1668
01:30:51,253 --> 01:30:53,721
it is for the many hundreds
of thousands of people...
1669
01:30:53,739 --> 01:30:56,800
who come back, and they
find that they can't...
1670
01:30:56,857 --> 01:30:59,519
work and hold down a job
in a way they used to...
1671
01:30:59,574 --> 01:31:03,730
because... there just not quite
the same as they were before.
1672
01:31:03,886 --> 01:31:05,565
How hot does it get
in this country?
1673
01:31:05,690 --> 01:31:10,019
- 120F (49C)
- 120 yesterday?
1674
01:31:10,095 --> 01:31:12,663
The last contract I ever
signed with the government.
1675
01:31:12,758 --> 01:31:15,687
Some of these units have been
there now on their third tour of duty.
1676
01:31:15,742 --> 01:31:17,765
and some of them
don't see an end to it.
1677
01:31:17,767 --> 01:31:19,506
They think they'll be back there
for their fifth,
1678
01:31:19,507 --> 01:31:22,181
sixth and seventh tour as a duty,
before this ends.
1679
01:31:22,235 --> 01:31:23,955
We do not have enough troops.
1680
01:31:24,166 --> 01:31:27,791
How could we protect against a
possible conflict in Pyongyang...
1681
01:31:27,825 --> 01:31:30,025
a possible conflict with Iran...
1682
01:31:30,251 --> 01:31:32,551
other potentialities in the world...
1683
01:31:32,553 --> 01:31:34,688
when we'v got
everything tied up
1684
01:31:34,689 --> 01:31:36,823
with regard to
Iraq and Afghanistan?
1685
01:31:36,824 --> 01:31:38,859
Iran is oddly...
1686
01:31:39,861 --> 01:31:41,190
given...
1687
01:31:42,017 --> 01:31:45,525
how much we disslike...
the Iranian regim...
1688
01:31:45,752 --> 01:31:49,668
the single greatest beneficiary...
of the war in Iraq.
1689
01:31:49,670 --> 01:31:52,610
We eliminate their
historic enemy...for them.
1690
01:31:52,930 --> 01:31:56,543
and put them on top...
in...Persian Golf.
1691
01:31:56,544 --> 01:31:59,259
I mean when you have...
massive civil war
1692
01:31:59,331 --> 01:32:00,821
violent nasty civil war
1693
01:32:00,847 --> 01:32:02,781
on top of 20%
of the worlds oil supply...
1694
01:32:02,783 --> 01:32:04,951
that will probably engulf
other regional players,
1695
01:32:04,952 --> 01:32:09,439
Iran, Saudi Arabia, Jordan,
Syria, maybe even Egypt.
1696
01:32:09,533 --> 01:32:14,394
If Iraq... disintegrates and becomes...
an arena of civil war...
1697
01:32:14,395 --> 01:32:16,911
much of it will become
like a little Afghanistan.
1698
01:32:16,918 --> 01:32:21,234
It's where...terrorists
all over the world
will find refuge.
1699
01:32:21,242 --> 01:32:26,199
If Iraq goes back to
some sort of...
islamo-fascist regim...
1700
01:32:26,222 --> 01:32:28,853
like we had under the
taliban's in Afghanistan...
1701
01:32:28,957 --> 01:32:31,700
then we are back to
September 10, 2001.
1702
01:32:31,872 --> 01:32:34,739
Except...much larger scale...
1703
01:32:34,958 --> 01:32:36,286
and you know...
1704
01:32:36,340 --> 01:32:38,751
with billions of dollars
of oil-wells at there disposal.
1705
01:32:39,137 --> 01:32:41,911
When we were first starting
the reconstruction...
1706
01:32:41,918 --> 01:32:43,622
we would sort of joke...
1707
01:32:43,623 --> 01:32:46,254
that there were 500
ways to do it wrong, and...
1708
01:32:46,457 --> 01:32:48,086
two or three ways
to do it right.
1709
01:32:48,434 --> 01:32:50,575
What we didn't understand is,
that we were...
1710
01:32:50,700 --> 01:32:52,098
gona go through all 500.
1711
01:32:52,168 --> 01:32:53,966
Why do you think all these
misstakes were made?
1712
01:32:54,014 --> 01:32:55,544
I don't know!
1713
01:32:55,802 --> 01:32:57,387
I have no idea!
1714
01:32:58,153 --> 01:32:59,700
Puzzling!
1715
01:33:01,608 --> 01:33:04,844
President Bush...was...
missing in action
1716
01:33:04,934 --> 01:33:06,981
on the planning for
the postwar.
1717
01:33:07,114 --> 01:33:10,747
He deferred to his vice-president
and his secretary of Defense...
1718
01:33:10,817 --> 01:33:12,762
the control over
those decisions.
1719
01:33:13,408 --> 01:33:16,106
Why on earth, if you were
the president of US
1720
01:33:16,189 --> 01:33:18,903
would you plan to use military force
and then divorce youself...
1721
01:33:18,937 --> 01:33:23,340
from, essentially, the...most
important aspect of that use,
1722
01:33:23,371 --> 01:33:25,261
and that is the aftermath.
1723
01:33:25,314 --> 01:33:26,748
Who is in charge in this war?
1724
01:33:26,773 --> 01:33:31,137
I don't wanna go through the list,
I mean it was the president, vice president
secretary of Defense
1725
01:33:31,231 --> 01:33:33,760
Those around...around
all those people.
1726
01:33:33,831 --> 01:33:36,002
- Do you include national security adviser?
- Sure.
1727
01:33:36,862 --> 01:33:39,041
- The vice-president, you include?
- Yes.
1728
01:33:39,651 --> 01:33:43,922
That was the inner team that...
produced the thinking behind the war.
1729
01:33:44,235 --> 01:33:48,680
My misstake was probably not finding
a way to get myself more involved
in the planning process of things.
1730
01:33:48,692 --> 01:33:49,844
I see.
1731
01:33:50,352 --> 01:33:53,606
- So that the dissolution of the army
wouldn't have been a surprise?
- Right.
1732
01:33:53,626 --> 01:33:55,449
Well, and I could have
raised hell about it.
1733
01:33:55,466 --> 01:33:58,835
They'd had my day in court,
I may have lost,
but I'd had my day in court.
1734
01:33:59,539 --> 01:34:02,100
The system ought to be
participatory,
1735
01:34:02,102 --> 01:34:04,670
and ought to include people
who were going to say...
1736
01:34:05,422 --> 01:34:07,273
"This makes no sense, mister president."
1737
01:34:07,274 --> 01:34:09,040
"This is a bad idea."
1738
01:34:09,133 --> 01:34:11,563
I don't think that kind of
decision making process
1739
01:34:11,590 --> 01:34:14,000
existed in...
the Bush administration.
1740
01:34:14,250 --> 01:34:16,757
I certainly didn't
feel myself participating...
1741
01:34:16,805 --> 01:34:19,254
in such a decision making... process
1742
01:34:19,445 --> 01:34:21,906
The administration never
asked for any...
1743
01:34:21,914 --> 01:34:25,454
estimator community assessments on
Iraq, before we went to war.
1744
01:34:25,540 --> 01:34:29,635
Nobody... seemed to be... interested in
what the community had to say?
1745
01:34:29,674 --> 01:34:31,897
I think it's more a matter that
minds were made up...
1746
01:34:31,898 --> 01:34:34,151
the course was set.
1747
01:34:34,331 --> 01:34:35,768
Whatever...
1748
01:34:35,770 --> 01:34:38,298
analysys on these
sorts of issues...
1749
01:34:38,305 --> 01:34:40,221
was to have been done...
1750
01:34:40,223 --> 01:34:43,225
the decision makers felt they
already done it themselves.
1751
01:34:43,310 --> 01:34:45,211
Vice-president Cheney
of course has made...
1752
01:34:45,212 --> 01:34:46,579
takes the same positions...
1753
01:34:46,580 --> 01:34:49,014
as secretary Rumsfeld, on the war.
1754
01:34:49,064 --> 01:34:50,814
Does he still have
your complete confidence?
1755
01:34:50,838 --> 01:34:52,205
- Yes he does!
1756
01:34:52,385 --> 01:34:53,921
Campaign is over.
Yes, he does!
1757
01:34:54,011 --> 01:34:56,882
- And he'll be here for the remaining term.
- Yes he will!
1758
01:34:57,303 --> 01:35:00,538
There are nights when
I don't sleep very well.
1759
01:35:01,163 --> 01:35:04,155
And I fault myself for
not pushing the issue..
1760
01:35:04,233 --> 01:35:06,999
That I think I should have gone,
and kicked this door in and said...
1761
01:35:07,049 --> 01:35:08,483
"Damnit, listen!"
1762
01:35:08,733 --> 01:35:12,757
"This was a misstake."
"We need to do something to rectify it."
1763
01:35:13,710 --> 01:35:16,475
But I never had the
opportunity to do it....
1764
01:35:16,811 --> 01:35:18,374
and trying to kick in a door...
1765
01:35:18,409 --> 01:35:21,845
you know with an ambassador,
who's essentially the...
1766
01:35:21,913 --> 01:35:24,749
you know,
the czar... of Iraq.
1767
01:35:24,865 --> 01:35:27,998
You know, for a colonel to try and do it
just wasn't going to happen.
1768
01:35:28,038 --> 01:35:30,152
You couldn't get past
the front door.
1769
01:35:30,239 --> 01:35:31,879
If my speaking out...
1770
01:35:31,902 --> 01:35:34,527
adds even inm... infinitesimally...
1771
01:35:34,722 --> 01:35:39,472
to...the criticism that counts,
of this administration.
1772
01:35:39,596 --> 01:35:41,014
Then that's good.
1773
01:35:41,357 --> 01:35:44,521
I don't pretend to say that I'v...
I'v been effective in that regard
1774
01:35:44,571 --> 01:35:47,943
but I...I just can't
hold my peace any longer.
1775
01:35:48,174 --> 01:35:51,248
We will bring to the
Iraqi people, food...
1776
01:35:51,745 --> 01:35:53,506
and medicines...
1777
01:35:53,639 --> 01:35:55,514
and supplies...
1778
01:35:56,053 --> 01:35:58,350
and freedom.
1779
01:36:17,031 --> 01:36:19,792
Look at what contentments!
1780
01:36:30,511 --> 01:36:33,811
And it just was Henny Penny
the sky is falling.
1781
01:36:37,968 --> 01:36:39,811
General Garner and I are...
1782
01:36:39,851 --> 01:36:41,710
pledged to working very closely
together
1783
01:36:41,728 --> 01:36:45,024
WE WANT
OUR EMPLOYMENTS AND WAGES
1784
01:36:45,929 --> 01:36:50,860
There is a large number of former
Iraqi soldiers that are unemployed now.
1785
01:36:55,075 --> 01:36:58,308
One was a "guerrilla war"
another was "insurgency"
1786
01:36:58,331 --> 01:37:01,435
another was
"unconventional war",
1787
01:37:04,584 --> 01:37:06,479
- Pardon me?
- Impasse.
1788
01:37:08,188 --> 01:37:12,024
No. That's someone else's business,
quagmire.
1789
01:37:12,025 --> 01:37:13,819
I don't do quagmires.
1790
01:37:17,782 --> 01:37:19,531
Come on, come on!
1791
01:37:19,637 --> 01:37:23,533
I'm listen.
I'm listen to political... leaders.
1792
01:37:33,048 --> 01:37:35,815
- Stop!
- Below, below, below.
- Get Down! Get Down!
1793
01:37:36,699 --> 01:37:41,320
Some day in my life in the future,
I got to look back to Iraq.
1794
01:37:41,321 --> 01:37:44,089
And got to see something
done in there.
1795
01:37:44,090 --> 01:37:46,625
So I can look back and say...
1796
01:37:46,633 --> 01:37:48,347
I was part of this...
1797
01:37:48,414 --> 01:37:51,809
and that my suffering...
and my lost...
1798
01:37:52,411 --> 01:37:54,708
have a...have a meaning.
1799
01:38:04,193 --> 01:38:07,646
If the situation gets better,
I'm going to leave Iraq.
1800
01:38:09,062 --> 01:38:11,163
I will go leave Iraq, but now...
1801
01:38:11,243 --> 01:38:13,833
I'm a fighter,
I'm in all my life.
1802
01:38:14,043 --> 01:38:15,956
I won't leave Iraq now.
1803
01:38:19,612 --> 01:38:22,127
From here we can't change
anything because it's...
1804
01:38:22,244 --> 01:38:23,730
it's out of control now
1805
01:38:23,739 --> 01:38:28,596
I don't have... future plans
for... being in Iraq.
1806
01:38:29,151 --> 01:38:34,672
I don't see the...bit of light
in the...at the end of the tunnel yet.
1807
01:38:35,141 --> 01:38:36,414
This is what it is.
1808
01:38:36,416 --> 01:38:39,780
This is how we live it
this is how we see it
this is how we smell it
1809
01:38:39,802 --> 01:38:40,788
and feel it.
1810
01:38:40,847 --> 01:38:43,882
It's not a situation that...
you can say "Let's try this".
1811
01:38:43,890 --> 01:38:47,210
"it will help". "Let's try this, it will
help". No it's not!
1812
01:38:53,554 --> 01:38:56,757
And then you telling me that
that's the best America can do?
1813
01:38:57,530 --> 01:38:58,749
Not.
1814
01:38:58,913 --> 01:39:02,725
Don't tell me that.
Don't tell the... marines who fought...
1815
01:39:02,905 --> 01:39:04,593
for a month in Nayaf for that.
1816
01:39:04,647 --> 01:39:05,897
Don't tell the marines who...
1817
01:39:05,952 --> 01:39:07,780
who are still fighting
every day in Faluya...
1818
01:39:07,811 --> 01:39:10,208
that that's the best
America can do.
1819
01:39:12,151 --> 01:39:14,048
That makes me angry.
152608
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