All language subtitles for No.End.in.Sight.2007.720p.WEBRip.AAC2.0.x264-FGT.en

af Afrikaans
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bn Bengali
bs Bosnian
bg Bulgarian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
nl Dutch
en English
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
el Greek
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
km Khmer
ko Korean
ku Kurdish (Kurmanji)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Lao
la Latin
lv Latvian
lt Lithuanian
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
ne Nepali
no Norwegian
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt Portuguese
pa Punjabi
ro Romanian
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
st Sesotho
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhala
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
te Telugu
th Thai
tr Turkish
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
or Odia (Oriya)
rw Kinyarwanda
tk Turkmen
tt Tatar
ug Uyghur
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,030 --> 00:00:07,030 Synced to file: No.End.in.Sight.2007.720p.WEBRip.AAC2.0.x264-FGT 2 00:00:13,631 --> 00:00:16,006 DONALD RUMSFELD (Secretary of Defense 2001-2006) The... 3 00:00:16,007 --> 00:00:17,868 great respect that I have... 4 00:00:17,869 --> 00:00:20,161 for your leadership, mister President... 5 00:00:20,162 --> 00:00:21,515 in this... 6 00:00:21,516 --> 00:00:23,327 little understood 7 00:00:23,328 --> 00:00:25,809 unfamiliar...war 8 00:00:25,810 --> 00:00:28,781 The first war in the 21st century. 9 00:00:31,727 --> 00:00:35,000 It is not well known, it was not well understood... 10 00:00:35,001 --> 00:00:38,377 It is complex for people to comprehend... 11 00:00:38,387 --> 00:00:42,325 and I know with certainty that over time... 12 00:00:42,326 --> 00:00:43,441 the... 13 00:00:43,442 --> 00:00:47,743 contributions you made, will be recorded by history. 14 00:01:02,629 --> 00:01:05,527 NO END IN SIGHT 15 00:01:25,085 --> 00:01:27,380 Thank You U.S.A 16 00:02:26,215 --> 00:02:31,013 Baghdad, Iraq 2006 17 00:03:01,848 --> 00:03:06,285 We severely condemn criminal action by U.S forces. 18 00:03:06,286 --> 00:03:10,253 We mourn the catastrophe by the hands of evil forces. 19 00:03:21,467 --> 00:03:24,570 We demand the execution of the Wahabi unbelievers 20 00:03:24,571 --> 00:03:26,738 who have the support of the Americans. 21 00:03:26,739 --> 00:03:28,974 They have been arrested 22 00:03:28,975 --> 00:03:33,145 and admitted their guilt before all who saw them. 23 00:03:33,146 --> 00:03:37,182 We demand their execution. 24 00:03:38,918 --> 00:03:42,354 On May 1, 2003, president George W. Bush... 25 00:03:42,355 --> 00:03:46,491 declared an end to major combat operations in Iraq, and said... 26 00:03:46,492 --> 00:03:51,429 " In the battle of Iraq, the US and our allies have prevailed. " 27 00:04:16,356 --> 00:04:19,591 Four years later, after over 3,000 american deaths... 28 00:04:19,592 --> 00:04:22,154 and over 20,000 american wounded,... 29 00:04:22,155 --> 00:04:25,267 Iraq has disintegrated into chaos. 30 00:04:25,514 --> 00:04:29,726 Baghdad suffers from ten to fifteen bombings a day... 31 00:04:29,727 --> 00:04:32,457 perhaps 50 deceased in act of service... 32 00:04:32,458 --> 00:04:35,302 but I suspect that's drastically underreported 33 00:04:35,303 --> 00:04:39,284 We're probably catch a third of what's actually occurring. 34 00:04:39,285 --> 00:04:42,202 Millions of Iraqis have lost access to drinking water... 35 00:04:42,203 --> 00:04:45,676 sewage treatment and electricity since the invasion. 36 00:04:45,677 --> 00:04:47,920 Baghdad, a city of 6 million... 37 00:04:47,921 --> 00:04:52,329 has been under an 8 PM curfew since March of 2006. 38 00:04:52,330 --> 00:04:56,351 Over 3 million Iraqis have fled to neighbouring countries. 39 00:04:56,444 --> 00:05:01,833 Estimates of the civilian death toll range as high as 600,000 40 00:05:01,834 --> 00:05:04,703 People who... die are lucky... 41 00:05:05,438 --> 00:05:08,917 But people living,... they are dead while they're alive. 42 00:05:08,918 --> 00:05:13,603 The west and the north of Iraq are controlled by the insurgents. 43 00:05:13,646 --> 00:05:16,749 The rest of Iraq is controlled by the militias. 44 00:05:16,792 --> 00:05:21,453 Iraq's two major moslem groups, the Chiít majority and Sunni minority... 45 00:05:21,454 --> 00:05:23,555 are increasingly in war. 46 00:05:24,116 --> 00:05:26,216 They executed them for being Sunnis. 47 00:05:26,259 --> 00:05:29,828 We have been living together until this day. 48 00:05:29,829 --> 00:05:35,634 This is an Iranian wave against us. An Iranian wave. 49 00:05:35,635 --> 00:05:38,770 We are Muslims. How is this possible? 50 00:05:38,771 --> 00:05:41,707 They say they are the Army of Mahdi. 51 00:05:41,708 --> 00:05:43,342 Is this what the Mahdi army does? 52 00:05:43,343 --> 00:05:45,510 Look what he's become. 53 00:05:45,511 --> 00:05:48,079 Open the sack, let them see his face. 54 00:06:14,402 --> 00:06:18,477 From January, 2003 until January, 2005... 55 00:06:18,478 --> 00:06:20,912 I was a president of the National Council of Intelligence. 56 00:06:20,913 --> 00:06:27,208 We produced the first national estimate on the state of the insugency in Iraq. 57 00:06:27,309 --> 00:06:29,020 The estimate delivered pretty bad news. 58 00:06:29,063 --> 00:06:32,895 It basically laid out bad, worse and worsed scenarios. 59 00:06:32,938 --> 00:06:34,922 The president called it guesswork... 60 00:06:35,007 --> 00:06:38,003 and his press spokesman called it... 61 00:06:38,456 --> 00:06:40,796 Hand-wringing and Nay-saying. 62 00:06:42,206 --> 00:06:45,294 What was only reveling to me was the president hadn't read it. 63 00:06:45,405 --> 00:06:49,964 This is the history of America's invasion of Iraq. 64 00:06:56,015 --> 00:06:59,482 It is a story in which many people tried to save a nation. 65 00:07:13,090 --> 00:07:17,298 On September 11, 2001 was a very clear, bright beautiful day. 66 00:07:17,419 --> 00:07:20,674 I had just come back from the Pentagon barber-shop. 67 00:07:21,179 --> 00:07:25,168 walked by my office and glanced up on the TV-screen, and... 68 00:07:25,236 --> 00:07:26,458 there was... 69 00:07:26,501 --> 00:07:29,137 one of the twin-towers burning. 70 00:07:29,649 --> 00:07:32,113 Pentagon Surveillance Camera 71 00:07:32,185 --> 00:07:34,856 We never heard the plane comming in at least I didn't. 72 00:07:35,427 --> 00:07:39,227 Suddenly, the whole world turned upside down. 73 00:07:39,625 --> 00:07:41,927 I saw that fire-ball... and... I tell you... 74 00:07:42,116 --> 00:07:45,341 I saw that.. and I said to my self I'm going to die today. 75 00:07:45,423 --> 00:07:49,300 That plane had come directly under our section of the offices. 76 00:07:49,343 --> 00:07:50,766 The Army budget office. 77 00:07:50,828 --> 00:07:55,355 where 38 Army employees where killed was directley beneath us. 78 00:07:55,457 --> 00:07:59,478 and the Navy's new command center, was two floors beneath us 79 00:07:59,479 --> 00:08:02,423 everybody was killed in those two sections. 80 00:08:02,473 --> 00:08:05,475 This was something Osama Bin Laden had orchestrated... 81 00:08:05,518 --> 00:08:07,854 because he was the only terrorist I could think of... 82 00:08:07,946 --> 00:08:09,308 who could have 83 00:08:09,351 --> 00:08:11,033 coordinated this kind of activity. 84 00:08:11,076 --> 00:08:14,117 - So you had this thought think immediately? - Immediately. Immediately. 85 00:08:15,820 --> 00:08:19,228 A month after September 11, the US entered Afghanistan... 86 00:08:19,271 --> 00:08:22,073 in search of Al Qaeda and of Osama Bin Laden. 87 00:08:22,168 --> 00:08:25,697 But even before the Afghan war several senior administaration officials... 88 00:08:25,740 --> 00:08:27,474 were looking at another target. 89 00:08:27,540 --> 00:08:30,506 One that had nothing to do with the 9/11 attacks. 90 00:08:31,541 --> 00:08:34,586 When the plane(s ?) hit the Pentagon, I was in the building. 91 00:08:34,693 --> 00:08:38,760 And then...I guess the next... big thing that sort of happened, was we... 92 00:08:38,817 --> 00:08:40,368 immidialely got tasked... 93 00:08:40,411 --> 00:08:42,454 to see if we could draw any relationship 94 00:08:42,547 --> 00:08:45,079 between Saddam and Al Qaeda. 95 00:08:45,217 --> 00:08:47,311 I went right away to the... 96 00:08:47,380 --> 00:08:49,902 to the counter terrorism...group... 97 00:08:49,977 --> 00:08:52,089 to their chief Iraqi analyst.. 98 00:08:52,164 --> 00:08:54,593 And the two of us sat down over a few days... 99 00:08:54,636 --> 00:08:57,996 and looked at... all the historical reportning that we could go through 100 00:08:58,039 --> 00:08:59,462 In which you conclude? 101 00:08:59,505 --> 00:09:01,966 Well we concluded that there was no relation. 102 00:09:02,009 --> 00:09:07,791 His regime aids and protects terrorists, including members of Al Qaeda. 103 00:09:07,900 --> 00:09:11,216 We continue to watch Iraq's involment in terrorist activities. 104 00:09:11,329 --> 00:09:13,431 What I want to bring to your attention today, is... 105 00:09:13,514 --> 00:09:17,000 the potentially much more sinister nexus between... 106 00:09:17,063 --> 00:09:19,157 Iraq and the Al Qaeda terrorist network. 107 00:09:19,226 --> 00:09:21,895 We don't want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud. 108 00:09:22,158 --> 00:09:23,471 Iraq has drones 109 00:09:23,532 --> 00:09:25,963 and they'ar gonna take this drones and put them on this ships 110 00:09:26,006 --> 00:09:29,613 and they'ar gona arm the drones with... chemical biological weapon... 111 00:09:29,656 --> 00:09:32,038 and they'ar gona fly these drones of the ships... 112 00:09:32,104 --> 00:09:34,441 and attack the east coast of US. 113 00:09:34,465 --> 00:09:36,599 You know, this is absolut fantasy land. 114 00:09:38,149 --> 00:09:39,678 I don't know what they were smoking... 115 00:09:39,679 --> 00:09:41,830 but it must have been very good. 116 00:09:41,914 --> 00:09:45,135 George W. Bush's, foreign policy inner circle. 117 00:09:45,239 --> 00:09:47,707 Cheney, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz... 118 00:09:47,766 --> 00:09:51,206 set the administration on course for war with Iraq. 119 00:09:51,324 --> 00:09:53,818 Condolezza Rice sided with them. 120 00:09:53,893 --> 00:09:55,794 Colin Powell and Richard Armitage... 121 00:09:55,795 --> 00:09:58,362 the only senior officials with combat experience... 122 00:09:58,409 --> 00:10:00,232 expressed concerns privately.... 123 00:10:00,275 --> 00:10:02,923 but supported the administration in public. 124 00:10:03,216 --> 00:10:07,680 HISTORY 125 00:10:09,075 --> 00:10:12,010 Bush's advisors had been involved with Saddam Hussein... 126 00:10:12,011 --> 00:10:14,778 since he invaded Iran in 1980... 127 00:10:14,847 --> 00:10:17,756 in a brutal war that killed nearly a million people. 128 00:10:17,831 --> 00:10:19,409 Iraq used chemical weapon... 129 00:10:19,452 --> 00:10:23,078 against both the Iranian military and innocent civilans. 130 00:10:23,155 --> 00:10:25,056 Saddam invested billions (n x 10^9) of dollars... 131 00:10:25,057 --> 00:10:28,190 in nuclear, chemical and biological weapons programs 132 00:10:28,233 --> 00:10:31,705 while murdering 300,000 of his own citizens. 133 00:10:31,998 --> 00:10:34,432 But the Reagan administration, fearing Iran 134 00:10:34,521 --> 00:10:38,458 supported Saddam with military intelligence and economic aid. 135 00:10:38,537 --> 00:10:41,710 Donald Rumsfeld met with Saddam in 1983. 136 00:10:41,874 --> 00:10:44,609 Colin Powell was Reagan's national security advisor 137 00:10:44,610 --> 00:10:47,012 from 1987 to 1989. 138 00:10:47,077 --> 00:10:48,793 The 80s really summed up... 139 00:10:49,366 --> 00:10:51,773 in a dreadfull... but very very telling 140 00:10:51,875 --> 00:10:53,492 State Departement document... 141 00:10:53,607 --> 00:10:55,435 from 1987... 142 00:10:55,637 --> 00:10:56,813 which said... 143 00:10:56,856 --> 00:11:01,565 human rights and chemical weapons used aside,... 144 00:11:02,028 --> 00:11:05,296 our interest run roughly parallell to those of Iraq. 145 00:11:05,399 --> 00:11:09,366 The Iran - Iraq war ends in stalemate in 1988. 146 00:11:09,624 --> 00:11:12,544 In 1990, Saddam invades Kuwait. 147 00:11:12,925 --> 00:11:15,094 A US lead coalition expelles him... 148 00:11:15,137 --> 00:11:19,093 in a war masterminded by Dick Cheney, then Secretary of Defense... 149 00:11:19,218 --> 00:11:22,772 Paul Wolfowitz, then Under Secretary of Defense for Policy... 150 00:11:22,815 --> 00:11:26,821 and Colin Powell, then Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 151 00:11:26,931 --> 00:11:30,934 The first President Bush urges the Iraqi's to stage a coup against Saddam. 152 00:11:30,990 --> 00:11:33,958 There is another way for the bloodshed to stop... 153 00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:38,996 and that is for the Iraqi military and the Iraqi people... 154 00:11:39,065 --> 00:11:40,899 to take matters into their own hands 155 00:11:40,942 --> 00:11:43,609 and force Saddam Hussein, the dictator.... 156 00:11:43,766 --> 00:11:45,112 to step aside... 157 00:11:45,171 --> 00:11:47,706 Yet when Iraq's southern Shiit's rise up 158 00:11:47,781 --> 00:11:50,511 the administration allows Saddam to repress them 159 00:11:50,612 --> 00:11:54,567 14... out of Iraq's 18 govenors (provinces)... 160 00:11:54,610 --> 00:11:56,615 where under rebel control... 161 00:11:56,716 --> 00:12:00,719 when general Schwartzkopf... allowed... Saddam Hussein 162 00:12:00,762 --> 00:12:03,780 to use... helicopter gunships... 163 00:12:03,823 --> 00:12:07,609 to massacre... the rebels..., men, women and children. 164 00:12:07,660 --> 00:12:11,128 The 1991 armistice requires Iraq to disarm. 165 00:12:11,229 --> 00:12:13,356 but Saddam refuses to comply. 166 00:12:13,468 --> 00:12:15,667 As a results Iraq's economy crumbles 167 00:12:15,668 --> 00:12:18,961 under a UN embargo instituted in 1993 168 00:12:19,030 --> 00:12:21,717 and continued by the Clinton administration 169 00:12:21,938 --> 00:12:24,406 Saddam's favored elite remain welthy 170 00:12:24,580 --> 00:12:27,616 but ordinary Iraqis are plunged into extreme poverty 171 00:12:27,700 --> 00:12:30,339 and many turned fundamentalist Islam 172 00:12:31,517 --> 00:12:35,086 In 1993, when George Bush senior visits Kuwait... 173 00:12:35,087 --> 00:12:37,484 Saddam attempts to assissnate him. 174 00:12:37,857 --> 00:12:41,694 Seven years later, his son is elected president of the US. 175 00:12:41,761 --> 00:12:45,363 When you see the same architects of those policies... 176 00:12:45,364 --> 00:12:47,138 on the one hand, talking about 177 00:12:47,181 --> 00:12:51,041 getting right what they had gotten wrong, back in 1991, you know... 178 00:12:51,088 --> 00:12:52,557 finishing the job. 179 00:12:52,638 --> 00:12:55,841 I was tempting to say, well... mybe they've learned. 180 00:12:56,162 --> 00:13:02,100 Saddam Hussein and his sons... must leave Iraq within 48 hours. 181 00:13:02,228 --> 00:13:06,024 A refusal to do so, will result in military conflict... 182 00:13:06,143 --> 00:13:09,150 commenced... at a time of our choosing. 183 00:13:09,255 --> 00:13:13,792 NATIONAL SECURITY PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE - NUMBER 24 184 00:13:13,867 --> 00:13:18,183 If you want to date the beginning of the disaster of postwar Iraq... 185 00:13:18,226 --> 00:13:21,386 it would be January 20, 2003... 186 00:13:21,465 --> 00:13:25,177 when Bush signed without, as far as I can tell... 187 00:13:25,241 --> 00:13:28,744 any real discussion within the White House or the administration... 188 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:33,259 National Security Presidential Directive - Number 24 189 00:13:33,364 --> 00:13:36,705 which gave control of postwar Iraq to the Pentagon. 190 00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:39,876 That document essentially made Donald Rumsfeld... 191 00:13:39,999 --> 00:13:42,532 the main actor on postwar Iraq. 192 00:13:42,621 --> 00:13:46,581 This war was conceived by a very small group of people inside 193 00:13:46,632 --> 00:13:48,620 the Bush administration. 194 00:13:48,663 --> 00:13:53,761 they had an entirely and naive vision of what Iraq was 195 00:13:53,833 --> 00:13:57,002 and what Iraqis would do once the regime fell. 196 00:13:57,045 --> 00:13:59,937 In formulating its views on post-saddam Iraq 197 00:13:59,997 --> 00:14:03,833 the administration relied heavily on a man named Ahmed Chalabi. 198 00:14:03,876 --> 00:14:06,318 Since 1992, Chalabi had been president... 199 00:14:06,361 --> 00:14:09,797 of the Iraqi National Congress, or INC. 200 00:14:09,949 --> 00:14:11,741 Widely viewed with suspicion. 201 00:14:11,784 --> 00:14:15,420 Chalabi had been convicted in Jordan over a huge bank fraud. 202 00:14:15,512 --> 00:14:18,681 The intelligence comunity found his information unreliable... 203 00:14:18,724 --> 00:14:20,525 or even fraudulent. 204 00:14:20,579 --> 00:14:22,767 At best I think... 205 00:14:23,455 --> 00:14:24,818 they were liars. 206 00:14:24,861 --> 00:14:26,842 and at worst, they were provocateurs. 207 00:14:26,933 --> 00:14:28,511 If it's an INC source... 208 00:14:28,554 --> 00:14:32,414 it was always looked at very very sceptically... 209 00:14:32,641 --> 00:14:34,258 by the analyst. 210 00:14:34,298 --> 00:14:36,321 But that wasn't the case with policy makers. 211 00:14:36,364 --> 00:14:39,902 Chalabi asserted that postwar Iraq would be pro-american 212 00:14:39,945 --> 00:14:41,647 and easily stabilized... 213 00:14:41,690 --> 00:14:44,673 particularly if Chalabi himself was in charge 214 00:14:44,750 --> 00:14:47,118 And so the plan was, essetially... 215 00:14:47,263 --> 00:14:49,560 we'll stay for three or four months 216 00:14:49,646 --> 00:14:53,783 we will install... a goverment made up of exiles.. 217 00:14:53,992 --> 00:14:56,488 and lead by Ahmed Chalabi... 218 00:14:56,771 --> 00:15:00,212 and then, in August or September, 2003... 219 00:15:00,266 --> 00:15:05,547 we will begin...a drastic reduction of troops. 220 00:15:05,608 --> 00:15:08,318 Larry Di Rita addressed us in one form and said 221 00:15:08,361 --> 00:15:11,189 by the end of August, 2003... 222 00:15:11,255 --> 00:15:15,315 we will have all but 25 to 30,000 troops out of Iraq. 223 00:15:15,372 --> 00:15:18,574 I heard him say that in a room full of people 224 00:15:18,617 --> 00:15:20,444 And I turned to my colleagues 225 00:15:20,487 --> 00:15:22,355 I said this guy doesn't know what he's talking about 226 00:15:22,398 --> 00:15:24,522 It's physically impossible. 227 00:15:24,659 --> 00:15:27,570 The Future project of Iraq of the department of the state... 228 00:15:27,616 --> 00:15:30,326 a 13 volume study on postwar Iraq... 229 00:15:30,451 --> 00:15:32,053 was ignored by the Pentagon. 230 00:15:32,139 --> 00:15:34,154 It was an awful lot of thinking at state department 231 00:15:34,197 --> 00:15:39,129 boards feet of volumes on how we should do this. 232 00:15:39,215 --> 00:15:40,595 Almost non of this... 233 00:15:40,638 --> 00:15:42,676 was integrated in the Pentagons thinking. 234 00:15:42,741 --> 00:15:46,668 Secretaries frustration, along with my own, grew 235 00:15:46,712 --> 00:15:50,915 as we watched our carefull planning, our detailed planning... 236 00:15:50,916 --> 00:15:52,283 essentially discarded... 237 00:15:52,284 --> 00:15:55,824 and the people involved in it, essentially discarded 238 00:15:55,955 --> 00:15:58,690 so that more loyal... 239 00:15:58,962 --> 00:16:02,318 in line with the the republican party's view and so forth... 240 00:16:02,361 --> 00:16:05,659 people could be apointed key positions in Iraq. 241 00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:07,845 THE WAR 242 00:16:08,109 --> 00:16:09,253 At this hour,... 243 00:16:09,296 --> 00:16:11,214 American and coalition forces 244 00:16:11,261 --> 00:16:13,629 are in the early stages of military operations... 245 00:16:14,124 --> 00:16:16,774 to disarm Iraq, to free its people... 246 00:16:17,251 --> 00:16:19,821 and to defend the world from great danger. 247 00:16:43,102 --> 00:16:46,300 I joined the Marine because I always thought it as a really important job... 248 00:16:46,343 --> 00:16:49,524 and didn't feel I'll be content with myself going through life 249 00:16:49,581 --> 00:16:52,975 knowing that other people had fought for my freedom. 250 00:16:53,051 --> 00:16:55,528 I joined the army to ah... 251 00:16:56,773 --> 00:16:58,515 support my country...and ah... 252 00:17:00,893 --> 00:17:03,072 thought it was a good thang to do, ya know... 253 00:17:03,277 --> 00:17:04,538 It was... 254 00:17:05,955 --> 00:17:07,425 an honor... 255 00:17:07,663 --> 00:17:11,846 To go there and help my fellow soldiers... 256 00:17:12,563 --> 00:17:14,149 to do... 257 00:17:14,282 --> 00:17:16,997 what they telled us to go and do there 258 00:17:17,103 --> 00:17:20,686 maybe... take out a... dictator... 259 00:17:20,729 --> 00:17:23,124 out of the... power... 260 00:17:23,268 --> 00:17:25,824 to reestablish the democracy. 261 00:17:28,414 --> 00:17:31,485 I just... was waiting for the war to happen 262 00:17:31,528 --> 00:17:33,126 because it was the... 263 00:17:33,330 --> 00:17:36,766 the only ray of hope I had to look for... 264 00:17:38,178 --> 00:17:42,404 And when it happened, I was... excited, 265 00:17:43,047 --> 00:17:45,229 that things would move slowly... 266 00:17:45,230 --> 00:17:48,566 but... towards better circumstances. 267 00:17:48,567 --> 00:17:50,334 Thank you, mister Bush. 268 00:17:50,335 --> 00:17:53,154 We very like mister Bush! 269 00:17:53,234 --> 00:17:56,417 Not, not to Saddam! Yes, yes to Bush! 270 00:17:56,508 --> 00:17:59,916 Not, not to Saddam! Yes, yes to Bush! 271 00:17:59,994 --> 00:18:02,747 Oh people, look what he's done, 272 00:18:02,852 --> 00:18:04,727 look what he's done to Iraq! 273 00:18:04,770 --> 00:18:08,524 It was a confusing, laud, noisy... 274 00:18:08,657 --> 00:18:12,321 scarry, hopefull place all kind of wrapped up together. 275 00:18:12,416 --> 00:18:16,606 I would se kids with...ski caps on that would say FBI across it. 276 00:18:16,682 --> 00:18:18,313 They were giving me the big thumbs up 277 00:18:18,356 --> 00:18:20,202 And other young men... 278 00:18:20,267 --> 00:18:23,159 who probably were fedayin, in civilian clothes 279 00:18:23,202 --> 00:18:25,658 giving me very hard stares...and... 280 00:18:25,884 --> 00:18:27,655 kind of sizing me up and... 281 00:18:27,698 --> 00:18:29,640 always looking at the licens plate of the car. 282 00:18:29,732 --> 00:18:33,982 The Iraqis were...waiting to see what this was going to bring them. 283 00:18:34,146 --> 00:18:37,736 The presence of the Americans had not been rejected... 284 00:18:37,947 --> 00:18:39,830 yet, by the Iraqis. 285 00:18:39,883 --> 00:18:42,651 No Saddam, no Saddam! 286 00:18:42,712 --> 00:18:45,899 I've seen people welcoming the coalition troops... 287 00:18:45,988 --> 00:18:47,613 Because we thought... 288 00:18:47,745 --> 00:18:51,493 everything is planned, everything is prepared. 289 00:18:52,898 --> 00:18:54,624 There you go! 290 00:18:55,501 --> 00:19:00,055 During World War 2, the US started planning the occupation of Germany... 291 00:19:00,110 --> 00:19:01,922 2 years in advance. 292 00:19:02,152 --> 00:19:04,556 But the Bush administration didn't create the organization... 293 00:19:04,599 --> 00:19:06,994 that would manage the occupation of Iraq... 294 00:19:07,075 --> 00:19:09,776 until 60 days before the invasion. 295 00:19:10,073 --> 00:19:14,930 ORHA - Organization for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance 296 00:19:15,062 --> 00:19:18,222 Reported directly to Defense Secretary Rumsfeld. 297 00:19:18,588 --> 00:19:22,177 I got a call from the office of Secretary Defense... 298 00:19:22,239 --> 00:19:24,964 in late January and they were life meeting. 299 00:19:25,007 --> 00:19:27,523 Handle humanitarian affairs, reconstruction. 300 00:19:27,665 --> 00:19:31,992 Retired Army General Jay Garner, was appoited to run ORHA. 301 00:19:32,187 --> 00:19:35,601 In the first Golf War he had commsnded 22.000 soldiers... 302 00:19:35,644 --> 00:19:37,745 resposible for humanitarian operations... 303 00:19:37,776 --> 00:19:40,355 in the Kurdish zone of northen Iraq. 304 00:19:40,712 --> 00:19:43,451 This time, he would be running the entire country. 305 00:19:43,596 --> 00:19:46,349 Did you... think you were prepared to run Iraq. 306 00:19:46,458 --> 00:19:49,294 I don't think we were ever prepared, I mean... 307 00:19:50,743 --> 00:19:53,024 A task of that magnitude probably takes years to prepare. 308 00:19:53,097 --> 00:19:54,350 Because nobody had years. 309 00:19:54,393 --> 00:19:56,607 I got a call on my cellphone 310 00:19:56,824 --> 00:19:59,088 From someone at the State Department, 311 00:19:59,131 --> 00:20:02,033 telling me that Rich Armitage was looking for me... 312 00:20:02,034 --> 00:20:05,303 and wanted me back in Washington,... right now. 313 00:20:05,365 --> 00:20:08,739 Ambassador Barbara Bodine was placed in charge of Baghdad... 314 00:20:08,740 --> 00:20:10,758 only 3 weeks before the war. 315 00:20:10,813 --> 00:20:12,843 She was a career Foreign Service officer 316 00:20:12,844 --> 00:20:15,000 who had served in Yemen, Iraq... 317 00:20:15,086 --> 00:20:17,448 and had been a hostage in Kuwait five months... 318 00:20:17,449 --> 00:20:19,834 after Saddam's in 1990. 319 00:20:19,918 --> 00:20:22,880 She was one of the few State Department middle East experts, 320 00:20:22,923 --> 00:20:25,369 that the Pentagon allowed into Iraq. 321 00:20:25,414 --> 00:20:26,928 She was one of the few we could get in. 322 00:20:26,971 --> 00:20:28,735 I thought they initially made a misstake 323 00:20:28,778 --> 00:20:30,735 They thought they had a woman and she would be an easy mark 324 00:20:30,778 --> 00:20:32,980 But Barbara was the toughest member of the service. 325 00:20:33,065 --> 00:20:35,766 By 2003, army colonel Paul Hughes... 326 00:20:35,767 --> 00:20:37,735 had worked in the Pentagon for 6 years... 327 00:20:37,736 --> 00:20:39,337 doing planning and strategy work... 328 00:20:39,338 --> 00:20:41,545 for senior Defense Department officials 329 00:20:41,565 --> 00:20:44,422 I wound up being assigned to the... 330 00:20:44,787 --> 00:20:47,778 Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian assistans... 331 00:20:47,779 --> 00:20:48,946 under Jay Garner. 332 00:20:48,947 --> 00:20:51,707 And I was the director of strategic policy, for him. 333 00:20:52,034 --> 00:20:58,652 ORHA started work at the Pentagon 50 days before the invasion of Iraq. 334 00:20:58,724 --> 00:21:01,151 We were given a sweat off offices 335 00:21:01,194 --> 00:21:03,884 that had been unoccupied for a couple of years. 336 00:21:03,927 --> 00:21:06,796 Had no computers in it, you have people showing up daily 337 00:21:06,839 --> 00:21:08,424 asking "Where do I sit?" 338 00:21:08,467 --> 00:21:10,007 They had no staff. 339 00:21:10,379 --> 00:21:13,934 I had no personnel, I had nothing from... 340 00:21:14,013 --> 00:21:16,732 either a senior deputy down to a secretary 341 00:21:16,775 --> 00:21:19,296 There is only one meeting at the National Defense University. 342 00:21:19,354 --> 00:21:22,214 and it was the...I think concensus opinion. 343 00:21:22,381 --> 00:21:24,582 of the people who went to that meeting... 344 00:21:24,784 --> 00:21:27,551 with whom I spoke afterwards. 345 00:21:27,594 --> 00:21:30,657 That hey... "This is a crazy". 346 00:21:31,857 --> 00:21:33,115 that was our first meeting... 347 00:21:33,158 --> 00:21:35,960 and we're not given a hole lot of confidece by there first meeting... 348 00:21:35,961 --> 00:21:37,395 because, essentially... 349 00:21:37,396 --> 00:21:40,083 we didn't do anything except meet each other. 350 00:21:40,161 --> 00:21:42,329 It was completely unstructured. 351 00:21:43,074 --> 00:21:44,965 There were no plans. 352 00:21:45,410 --> 00:21:47,371 There truely were... no plans. 353 00:21:47,451 --> 00:21:51,776 On the 16th of March, ORHA flew out to Kuwait City. 354 00:21:51,777 --> 00:21:54,470 we had 167 people that flew with us. 355 00:21:54,550 --> 00:21:57,561 167 people that were to essetially become the 356 00:21:57,604 --> 00:22:00,702 government of a country of 25 millions. 357 00:22:01,186 --> 00:22:04,688 BAGHDAD, APRIL 9th, 2003 358 00:22:04,748 --> 00:22:06,215 After the fall of Baghdad... 359 00:22:06,258 --> 00:22:08,292 we had no idea what really was gonna happen 360 00:22:08,293 --> 00:22:10,919 and there certainly didn't seem to be much of a plan 361 00:22:10,962 --> 00:22:12,836 What we generally were being told 362 00:22:12,879 --> 00:22:14,998 is that we'd be getting back on the ships 363 00:22:15,049 --> 00:22:18,752 within a month or two... of..., essentially conquering Iraq. 364 00:22:18,804 --> 00:22:22,933 As American forces entered the capital, looting broke out everywhere. 365 00:22:26,963 --> 00:22:31,958 While we were in Kuwait, we were as glued to the TV, as everyone else. 366 00:22:32,465 --> 00:22:34,734 There was the realization... 367 00:22:34,777 --> 00:22:37,325 that there was absolute lawlessnes 368 00:22:37,368 --> 00:22:39,959 and chaos going on in Iraq. 369 00:22:42,414 --> 00:22:44,648 The Americans were'nt doing anything. They.... 370 00:22:44,976 --> 00:22:47,837 would... sit at certain intersections, but... 371 00:22:48,196 --> 00:22:52,781 they wouldn't actually get out of the HUMV's or out of the tanks and really do much. 372 00:22:54,873 --> 00:22:57,702 Time passed and we didn't see any progress. 373 00:22:57,745 --> 00:23:01,394 The only progress we found is the uncontrolled freedom. 374 00:23:01,513 --> 00:23:05,082 Looters had... to loot all the govermental buildings 375 00:23:05,083 --> 00:23:07,485 and even private ownd companies. 376 00:23:07,575 --> 00:23:11,989 The looting was partly a factor of the troop levels... 377 00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:16,494 and the sens that Rumsfeld communicated to his commanders... 378 00:23:16,495 --> 00:23:18,876 and his commanders communicated down the chain... 379 00:23:18,919 --> 00:23:23,045 to the...platoon and compay level. 380 00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:27,340 That... we were not there to run Iraq. 381 00:23:27,464 --> 00:23:29,978 We were there to get rid of the regime, and get out. 382 00:23:30,021 --> 00:23:32,034 We are not under martial law here. 383 00:23:32,539 --> 00:23:35,407 In his order, general McKiernan was not told... 384 00:23:35,680 --> 00:23:37,868 to establish martial law. 385 00:23:38,032 --> 00:23:40,767 Not once was martial law declared. 386 00:23:40,844 --> 00:23:43,879 I just...I'll tell you honestly. We're in a transition period. 387 00:23:43,922 --> 00:23:46,513 I mean, there is an Iraqi civil law... 388 00:23:46,861 --> 00:23:48,009 but there is no... 389 00:23:48,091 --> 00:23:52,628 You just heard we just opened up they first two courts today... 390 00:23:52,813 --> 00:23:55,023 so, I mean when you starting at nothing 391 00:23:55,066 --> 00:23:57,811 Had martial law been declared, wich would have been... 392 00:23:57,875 --> 00:24:00,916 authorized under the 4th Geneva Convention... 393 00:24:00,970 --> 00:24:04,208 maby we would have had... a bit more security. 394 00:24:04,329 --> 00:24:06,052 We are a platoon of marines', I mean we could... 395 00:24:06,095 --> 00:24:07,939 we could certainly stop looting, if we... 396 00:24:08,146 --> 00:24:09,780 if that was our assigned task. 397 00:24:09,781 --> 00:24:13,117 The greatest mystery... of postwar Iraq 398 00:24:13,118 --> 00:24:16,093 involves that month or so after the fall of Baghdad... 399 00:24:16,167 --> 00:24:18,427 Why the US didn't do anything to... 400 00:24:18,481 --> 00:24:20,572 to control the looting. Because in a way... 401 00:24:20,615 --> 00:24:24,139 everything that has been a problem since then, started that first month. 402 00:24:24,254 --> 00:24:26,321 People at the National Security Council 403 00:24:26,364 --> 00:24:28,839 secretary Powell, myself and others... 404 00:24:29,189 --> 00:24:32,010 CIA director, did express concern about the looting. 405 00:24:32,053 --> 00:24:34,388 Did you express any concern to president Bush? 406 00:24:34,573 --> 00:24:37,466 I was at the meeting where it was expressed by my boss. 407 00:24:37,509 --> 00:24:39,389 Tell me what mr Powell said at that meeting. 408 00:24:39,432 --> 00:24:41,512 Well you know, it's not the way we generally work. 409 00:24:41,513 --> 00:24:44,798 Our advice to the president is generally kept that way, private to the president. 410 00:24:44,841 --> 00:24:46,784 The word came from Washington... 411 00:24:46,785 --> 00:24:48,385 that we're not getting involved in that 412 00:24:48,386 --> 00:24:50,321 we're not going to stop the looting... 413 00:24:50,322 --> 00:24:52,399 we're not doing police work... 414 00:24:52,442 --> 00:24:54,377 that's not what we're here for. 415 00:24:54,428 --> 00:24:55,537 And I think... 416 00:24:55,594 --> 00:24:59,547 So there were explicit instructions from Washington... 417 00:24:59,602 --> 00:25:01,131 to not interfere with the looting. 418 00:25:01,132 --> 00:25:02,235 Yes. 419 00:25:02,358 --> 00:25:08,958 The looting of Baghdad quickly transformed inno organized, violent, large scale destruction of the city. 420 00:25:09,001 --> 00:25:13,782 Hospitals, governmental offices, universities, ministries... 421 00:25:13,877 --> 00:25:17,546 One CPA estimate had the cost of the looting 422 00:25:17,607 --> 00:25:20,320 at 12 billion dollars (i.e 12,000 million). 423 00:25:20,777 --> 00:25:26,304 That was the revenue for Iraq ... in 2003-2004. 424 00:25:26,349 --> 00:25:30,319 I picked up a newspaper today ... and I couldn't belive it. 425 00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:33,697 I read... 8 headlines... that talked about... 426 00:25:33,698 --> 00:25:37,046 " Chaos! Violence! Unrest! ". 427 00:25:37,135 --> 00:25:40,170 And it just was "henny-penny" the sky is falling. 428 00:25:40,171 --> 00:25:43,139 Just imagine the room/the suite that we're sitting in. 429 00:25:43,185 --> 00:25:46,510 and all that you have is concrete walls everything is gone. 430 00:25:46,511 --> 00:25:50,001 We're talking of people comming in with industrial cranes... 431 00:25:50,044 --> 00:25:53,447 and walking off with parts of a power plant. 432 00:25:53,977 --> 00:25:55,619 Think what's happening in our cities... 433 00:25:55,620 --> 00:25:59,790 when we've had riots and problems...and looting 434 00:25:59,791 --> 00:26:01,795 Stuff happens! 435 00:26:02,217 --> 00:26:04,518 This was not just people stealing stuff from grocery stores. 436 00:26:04,574 --> 00:26:08,223 I mean, this was people chipping concrete, walls... 437 00:26:08,373 --> 00:26:10,867 into little pieces so they could take the rebar out. 438 00:26:10,910 --> 00:26:12,895 The images you were seeing on television 439 00:26:12,938 --> 00:26:15,773 you were seeing over and over and over, 440 00:26:15,853 --> 00:26:17,442 and it's the same picture. 441 00:26:17,552 --> 00:26:20,672 Of some person walking out of some building with a vase. 442 00:26:20,803 --> 00:26:24,540 I think that was probably the day that we lost the Iraqis. 443 00:26:24,609 --> 00:26:28,113 You think "my goodness" , were there that many vases? 444 00:26:30,188 --> 00:26:34,203 It is possible that there were that many vases in the whole country? 445 00:26:34,326 --> 00:26:37,363 Thats when it became very clear, that... 446 00:26:37,416 --> 00:26:40,718 this liberation realy didn't have anything to do with the average Iraqi. 447 00:26:40,852 --> 00:26:45,479 There was a belief that the Americans actually encouraged the looting or wanted it to happen. 448 00:26:46,017 --> 00:26:48,018 The destruction of our country. 449 00:26:48,064 --> 00:26:49,631 How could they let this happen? 450 00:26:49,674 --> 00:26:53,166 So wether you're suni or chia.. you're outraged about the looting. 451 00:26:53,215 --> 00:26:57,752 We had done... a list of 20 sites... 452 00:26:57,795 --> 00:27:00,230 that we thought needed to be protected. 453 00:27:00,939 --> 00:27:05,022 Historical, culturel, artistic, religious 454 00:27:05,065 --> 00:27:10,385 And we had provided that and it realy made no difference, what so ever. 455 00:27:10,428 --> 00:27:16,200 The oil ministry, was the only major facility protected by the US Military. 456 00:27:16,201 --> 00:27:22,506 None of the sites on ORHA's list were protected. 457 00:27:22,507 --> 00:27:24,800 The Iraq National Museum in Baghdad... 458 00:27:24,849 --> 00:27:26,583 number one on ORHA's list... 459 00:27:26,678 --> 00:27:29,313 contained some of the worlds most important artefacts... 460 00:27:29,314 --> 00:27:31,682 of early human civilization. 461 00:27:31,736 --> 00:27:33,861 The museum was never protected. 462 00:27:33,910 --> 00:27:36,285 It is a property of our nation, 463 00:27:36,339 --> 00:27:38,922 and the treasure of 7.000 years of civilization. 464 00:27:38,923 --> 00:27:40,403 Why do they allow it? 465 00:27:40,458 --> 00:27:43,527 Iraq's National Library and National Archives... 466 00:27:43,528 --> 00:27:46,989 containing thousands of ancient manuscripts... where burnt down. 467 00:27:47,032 --> 00:27:51,402 All what was written 468 00:27:51,747 --> 00:27:53,862 was keeping in this library. 469 00:27:54,005 --> 00:27:57,941 Now we have no national heritage. 470 00:27:58,020 --> 00:27:59,794 Three days ago... 471 00:27:59,837 --> 00:28:02,140 me and the doctor Jabar Khalil... 472 00:28:02,183 --> 00:28:04,882 chairman of the State Board of Antiquities, 473 00:28:04,883 --> 00:28:09,830 went to the headquarter of the marine in the Hotel Palestine. 474 00:28:10,088 --> 00:28:12,190 We waited there for about four hours... 475 00:28:12,233 --> 00:28:14,474 til we met a colonel there. 476 00:28:14,547 --> 00:28:19,284 And at that day, he promised that he would send armored cars... 477 00:28:19,364 --> 00:28:22,372 to protect what's left from the museum. 478 00:28:23,435 --> 00:28:26,570 Three days ago, til now nobody came. 479 00:28:26,571 --> 00:28:30,643 To try to lay off the fact of that... unfortunate... 480 00:28:31,756 --> 00:28:32,943 activity... 481 00:28:33,189 --> 00:28:35,464 on a defect in a war plan... 482 00:28:35,507 --> 00:28:37,483 it strikes me as stretch. 483 00:28:37,749 --> 00:28:42,086 Would you urge specifically, by scolars and others,... 484 00:28:42,087 --> 00:28:44,655 about the danger to that museum and what you urged to... 485 00:28:44,656 --> 00:28:47,391 provide a greater level of protection and security... 486 00:28:47,392 --> 00:28:49,173 in the initial phases of the operation? 487 00:28:49,216 --> 00:28:50,320 Not to my knowledge. 488 00:28:50,378 --> 00:28:53,724 No one can claim that they where caught by surprised by the looting. 489 00:28:53,812 --> 00:28:57,408 I just don't think they wanted to know. They didn't wanna hear it. 490 00:29:12,778 --> 00:29:14,808 In the months leading up to the invasion... 491 00:29:14,851 --> 00:29:17,319 a debate over troop levels required in Iraq... 492 00:29:17,362 --> 00:29:20,202 had been privately brewing between military leadship... 493 00:29:20,288 --> 00:29:22,137 and Donald Rumsfeld. 494 00:29:22,180 --> 00:29:24,615 Rumsfeld and his depute Paul Wolfowitz... 495 00:29:24,666 --> 00:29:28,537 believed that a force of under 100.000 troops, would be sufficient. 496 00:29:28,580 --> 00:29:31,429 for the invasion and occupation of Iraq. 497 00:29:31,482 --> 00:29:33,035 A month before the invasion... 498 00:29:33,078 --> 00:29:35,279 the fight over troop levels became public... 499 00:29:35,340 --> 00:29:38,375 as the Chief of Staff of the Army, Eric Shinseki... 500 00:29:38,376 --> 00:29:40,978 testified before the Senate Arms Services Committee... 501 00:29:40,979 --> 00:29:43,190 ignoring pressure from Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz. 502 00:29:43,233 --> 00:29:45,344 General Shinseki... 503 00:29:46,295 --> 00:29:48,692 could you give us some ideas to the magnitude 504 00:29:48,735 --> 00:29:52,972 of the army's force requiremnt for an occupation of Iraq? 505 00:29:53,015 --> 00:29:57,017 Somthing on the order of several 100,000 soldiers are... 506 00:29:57,138 --> 00:29:59,441 um... are .. are probably... 507 00:30:00,192 --> 00:30:02,864 you know I figure that would be required 508 00:30:02,907 --> 00:30:05,208 Reaction was immediate. 509 00:30:05,303 --> 00:30:07,970 What is, I think reasonable cerain here is... 510 00:30:08,059 --> 00:30:11,495 the idea that it would take several 100,000 US forces... 511 00:30:11,501 --> 00:30:13,914 I think is far from the mark. 512 00:30:14,012 --> 00:30:16,403 It's hard to conceive that it would take more forces... 513 00:30:16,446 --> 00:30:19,414 to provide stability on postwar Iraq... 514 00:30:19,723 --> 00:30:21,641 than it would take to conduct the war itself... 515 00:30:21,684 --> 00:30:25,568 and to secure the surender of Saddam's security forces in his army. 516 00:30:26,038 --> 00:30:27,124 Hard to imagine. 517 00:30:27,125 --> 00:30:28,860 Hard to imagine. 518 00:30:29,967 --> 00:30:32,830 Anyone who had any experience in... 519 00:30:32,831 --> 00:30:35,474 in the interventions of the 90s, knew... 520 00:30:35,654 --> 00:30:37,559 that the opposite was true. 521 00:30:37,776 --> 00:30:42,747 You need... X number of soldiers per thousand citizens... 522 00:30:42,748 --> 00:30:47,502 simply to provide... a modicum of security. 523 00:30:47,631 --> 00:30:49,680 But Paul Wolfowitz couldn't imagine it. 524 00:30:49,681 --> 00:30:53,817 Paul Wolfowitz refused to be interviewed for this film. 525 00:30:53,967 --> 00:30:57,221 We're talking about.... of post hostilities 526 00:30:57,222 --> 00:31:03,147 control over a piece of geography... that's fairly significant with a... 527 00:31:03,803 --> 00:31:08,585 the kinds of ethnic tension... that could lead to a... 528 00:31:08,718 --> 00:31:10,000 other problems 529 00:31:10,001 --> 00:31:13,625 and so it takes significant ground force presence... 530 00:31:13,668 --> 00:31:15,639 Did general Shinseki get it right? 531 00:31:15,682 --> 00:31:17,674 He was asked for his best military opinion, 532 00:31:17,675 --> 00:31:20,066 and his experience exceeds mine. 533 00:31:20,285 --> 00:31:22,446 He commanded our forces in Bosnia. 534 00:31:22,489 --> 00:31:24,955 He did it for a year plus. 535 00:31:25,220 --> 00:31:27,019 He knows what he's talking about. 536 00:31:27,099 --> 00:31:30,994 Secretary Powell and to the same extent myself... 537 00:31:31,089 --> 00:31:34,946 we argued for more and more troops... and we made some difference.. 538 00:31:34,989 --> 00:31:38,520 but ultimately...it didn't seem that we made enough of a difference. 539 00:31:38,563 --> 00:31:42,399 Rumsfeld eventually sent a force of 160,000 troops to Iraq. 540 00:31:42,519 --> 00:31:44,601 Personally I feel the war would be going differently 541 00:31:44,602 --> 00:31:46,360 if you had a..hm... 542 00:31:47,141 --> 00:31:49,706 leadership that really understood... 543 00:31:49,707 --> 00:31:52,998 #1 What it's... like to be on the ground 544 00:31:53,087 --> 00:31:55,528 had actually served in the armed forces... 545 00:31:55,671 --> 00:31:56,745 and... 546 00:31:56,788 --> 00:32:00,550 #2 really had a good... manegerial (ministerial) grasp 547 00:32:00,551 --> 00:32:02,452 of making this thing work. 548 00:32:02,453 --> 00:32:04,187 The senior administration officials... 549 00:32:04,188 --> 00:32:06,555 who overruled the military and state department... 550 00:32:06,598 --> 00:32:09,366 had no experience with postwar reconstruction effords... 551 00:32:09,606 --> 00:32:11,929 and little or no military experience. 552 00:32:12,058 --> 00:32:14,914 Cheney avoided the military service in Vietnam... 553 00:32:14,958 --> 00:32:16,825 thru five draft affirmants. 554 00:32:16,868 --> 00:32:21,267 Rumsfeld was a navy pilot in 1950, but had nevver seen combat. 555 00:32:21,343 --> 00:32:24,484 Wolfowitz and Rice had never served in the military. 556 00:32:24,687 --> 00:32:26,710 Bush had avoided the Vietnam draft... 557 00:32:26,711 --> 00:32:29,246 by joining the Texas National Air Guard. 558 00:32:29,247 --> 00:32:33,850 He also had no foreign policy experience prior... to becoming president. 559 00:32:33,851 --> 00:32:36,256 We were looking at it, I say "we", those of us... 560 00:32:36,327 --> 00:32:38,216 who had military experience... 561 00:32:38,260 --> 00:32:40,351 and we would talk abot this often... 562 00:32:40,959 --> 00:32:42,647 this doesn't look good. 563 00:32:42,690 --> 00:32:46,264 In mid April 2003, with the looting still under way. 564 00:32:46,307 --> 00:32:49,716 Rumsfeld cancelled the deployment of the First Cavalry Division 565 00:32:49,780 --> 00:32:52,112 A force of 16.000 soldiers. 566 00:32:52,155 --> 00:32:53,360 It chocked us. 567 00:32:53,422 --> 00:32:55,865 How can you turn off that division? 568 00:32:55,908 --> 00:32:59,801 If we've had that division following us into Iraq... 569 00:32:59,802 --> 00:33:02,037 we would have stabilized a lot more of Iraq... 570 00:33:02,080 --> 00:33:03,882 just to our presence. 571 00:33:03,982 --> 00:33:07,584 On April 19th, ORHA finally entered Iraq... 572 00:33:07,903 --> 00:33:10,211 to begin postwar operations. 573 00:33:10,557 --> 00:33:12,756 Of the 20 ministries we wanted to bring back 574 00:33:12,757 --> 00:33:16,252 16 of those buildings were destroyed as a function of looting... 575 00:33:16,552 --> 00:33:17,774 We were starting from zero. 576 00:33:17,817 --> 00:33:21,899 I mean, if there are no desks, no chairs and no typwriters left... 577 00:33:21,966 --> 00:33:25,966 Where do we go and meet the Iraqis to start working? 578 00:33:26,009 --> 00:33:28,277 Ther was no structure left. 579 00:33:28,364 --> 00:33:30,332 Physical structure or bureaucratic structure. 580 00:33:30,375 --> 00:33:32,554 I had put people out on the street walking around asking: 581 00:33:32,597 --> 00:33:39,035 " Do you know anybody in medicin... ministry of Health...Interior...Education...?" 582 00:33:39,078 --> 00:33:42,247 Within the group itself, we had... 583 00:33:43,588 --> 00:33:48,136 I think probably five who spoke any amount of Arabic. 584 00:33:48,192 --> 00:33:50,327 We had no phone list... 585 00:33:50,328 --> 00:33:51,795 We had no phones for a while... 586 00:33:51,796 --> 00:33:54,731 so I guess having no phone list was not really that important. 587 00:33:54,732 --> 00:33:57,100 We had no information, we had no place to go... 588 00:33:57,101 --> 00:33:58,902 we did not know who to contact. 589 00:34:00,221 --> 00:34:01,805 Not the best way to... 590 00:34:01,806 --> 00:34:04,004 Not the best way to start an occupation. 591 00:34:04,075 --> 00:34:05,785 And what followed was... 592 00:34:05,934 --> 00:34:08,236 this pervasive sense of lawlessness 593 00:34:08,279 --> 00:34:09,802 that Iraq never recovered from 594 00:34:09,845 --> 00:34:11,437 And guys with the guns took over... 595 00:34:11,482 --> 00:34:13,674 and they were the Iraqi guys with the guns. 596 00:34:13,744 --> 00:34:18,220 THE VOID 597 00:34:21,798 --> 00:34:23,832 The fire fights I got cought up in.. 598 00:34:23,928 --> 00:34:27,055 were not fire fights where Americans were being attacked 599 00:34:27,098 --> 00:34:29,324 it was Iraqi on Iraqi fire fights. 600 00:34:29,367 --> 00:34:31,468 You just be driving down the street and suddenly... 601 00:34:31,469 --> 00:34:34,905 there a fusel out of fire that just opens up on you. 602 00:34:34,906 --> 00:34:37,899 and you're just in the middle of these guys shooting at each other. 603 00:34:38,223 --> 00:34:39,910 The streets were chaotic. 604 00:34:39,911 --> 00:34:42,312 People could kill and get away with it. 605 00:34:42,313 --> 00:34:44,247 There was no working police force. 606 00:34:44,248 --> 00:34:46,183 Just prior ... the invasion... 607 00:34:46,184 --> 00:34:48,618 Saddam released about a 100.000 prisoners... 608 00:34:48,619 --> 00:34:50,818 common criminals, from the jails. 609 00:34:53,858 --> 00:34:58,586 In February, 2003... 610 00:34:58,587 --> 00:35:01,623 I got an invitation, to come and brief the advisory panel 611 00:35:01,666 --> 00:35:03,300 led by advising secretary Rumsfeld... 612 00:35:03,301 --> 00:35:05,435 on defense policy matters. 613 00:35:05,578 --> 00:35:07,246 What I told them was that... 614 00:35:07,289 --> 00:35:09,457 based on our experiences in previous peace operations... 615 00:35:09,778 --> 00:35:12,946 and what had happened in Iraq historically 616 00:35:13,010 --> 00:35:15,879 it was very likely that if the USA intervened... 617 00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:18,800 in captured Baghdad, that we were likely to face... 618 00:35:18,959 --> 00:35:20,417 massive civil disturbances. 619 00:35:20,545 --> 00:35:23,987 I suggested that we needed about 2500 constabulary forces. officers... 620 00:35:23,988 --> 00:35:27,415 About 4000 civil police street cops. 621 00:35:27,490 --> 00:35:31,003 And then teams of judicial advisers and corrections officers. 622 00:35:31,128 --> 00:35:32,413 In the end they... 623 00:35:32,456 --> 00:35:35,335 agreed that this was a good idea... 624 00:35:35,378 --> 00:35:38,694 there was'nt enough time, but maby for the next war. 625 00:35:38,819 --> 00:35:41,304 Prior to the war, the Baghdad morgue received... 626 00:35:41,416 --> 00:35:42,840 one murder case a month. 627 00:35:42,903 --> 00:35:45,638 Within a month, the were getting about 25 a day. 628 00:35:45,681 --> 00:35:48,817 They were seeing rapes, ..often for the first time.., rapes and murders. 629 00:35:48,910 --> 00:35:50,780 Iraqi girls were being kidnapped. 630 00:35:50,781 --> 00:35:52,445 Iraqi women disappeared from the streets... 631 00:35:52,488 --> 00:35:55,227 they stopped going to the school, the stopped driving. 632 00:35:55,270 --> 00:35:57,979 The Americans were not acting as the police. 633 00:35:58,042 --> 00:36:00,615 They didn't know the streets of Baghdad, they didn't speak the language... 634 00:36:00,658 --> 00:36:03,396 they didn't have interpreters in sufficient numbers 635 00:36:03,449 --> 00:36:06,751 They didn't have intelligence about what was going on. 636 00:36:06,980 --> 00:36:08,932 So...it was a free for all. 637 00:36:08,933 --> 00:36:12,400 and you just felt of... a void here. 638 00:36:22,509 --> 00:36:25,752 Very quickley, the mosque... came in and filled the vacuum... 639 00:36:26,436 --> 00:36:29,639 that the Americans created by getting rid of Saddam and leavinhg nothing in it's place. 640 00:36:29,731 --> 00:36:32,988 In Shiite neighborhoods they very quickley,... established control, 641 00:36:33,031 --> 00:36:35,517 in particulary the clerics associated with Muqtada al-Sadr. 642 00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:38,786 Muqtada al-Sadr was the son of a famous Shiite clerick, 643 00:36:38,918 --> 00:36:41,831 and started a bid for power based on his fathers network, 644 00:36:41,832 --> 00:36:43,764 of mosques and charities. 645 00:36:43,859 --> 00:36:48,863 As I said, the small Satan has left, 646 00:36:48,906 --> 00:36:53,567 and the great Satan has come. 647 00:36:54,679 --> 00:36:58,048 The exit of the occupation and their withdrawal 648 00:36:58,049 --> 00:37:00,984 is a victory for Iraq and for the Iraqi people. 649 00:37:01,071 --> 00:37:03,987 Only a few days after American troops entered Baghdad... 650 00:37:04,097 --> 00:37:07,148 he assassinated a pro-American Shiite leader. 651 00:37:07,191 --> 00:37:09,938 Then he began creating a heavily armed militia,... 652 00:37:10,011 --> 00:37:11,319 the Mahdi Army... 653 00:37:11,320 --> 00:37:13,588 which took over Baghdad's shiite ghetto 654 00:37:13,631 --> 00:37:15,398 and much of southern Iraq. 655 00:37:15,465 --> 00:37:18,168 If you tended to the issues of policing... 656 00:37:18,169 --> 00:37:19,723 if there hadn't been the looting... 657 00:37:19,778 --> 00:37:22,451 then you wouldn't have people turning to sectarian militias... 658 00:37:22,462 --> 00:37:25,531 as their sources of neighborhood security. 659 00:37:25,827 --> 00:37:28,600 ORHA worked on recalling the Iraqi military... 660 00:37:28,643 --> 00:37:30,795 to deal with the security vacuum. 661 00:37:30,885 --> 00:37:34,888 The army central command, CENTCOM, supported this policy. 662 00:37:35,005 --> 00:37:37,654 What CENTCOM had done, they had factored into their planig, 663 00:37:37,655 --> 00:37:39,089 in bringing back the Iraqi army. 664 00:37:39,090 --> 00:37:40,890 They used Iraqi army to seal the borders... 665 00:37:40,891 --> 00:37:43,119 to provide static security for things... 666 00:37:43,162 --> 00:37:45,530 and also help in the reconstruction of their own nation. 667 00:37:45,630 --> 00:37:49,432 But on April 23, 2003, Jay Garner received a phone call. 668 00:37:49,570 --> 00:37:51,601 Rumsfeld called me and he said, hey Jay... 669 00:37:51,602 --> 00:37:53,770 "I like everything what's going on," 670 00:37:53,813 --> 00:37:55,680 "You'r doing a great job, you and your team" 671 00:37:55,698 --> 00:37:57,072 "I'm glad you'r in Baghdad, and all that" 672 00:37:57,073 --> 00:37:59,942 "by the way, the president is supporting...ah... 673 00:38:00,174 --> 00:38:01,240 "Jerry Bremer..." 674 00:38:01,283 --> 00:38:03,564 "as the presidential envoy." 675 00:38:05,140 --> 00:38:07,880 Bremer was a former foreign service officer. 676 00:38:07,972 --> 00:38:09,699 Like most officials sent to Iraq... 677 00:38:09,741 --> 00:38:11,321 Bremer did not speak Arabic... 678 00:38:11,322 --> 00:38:13,556 had no previous experience with the Mid East... 679 00:38:13,557 --> 00:38:15,508 or postwar reconstruction... 680 00:38:15,551 --> 00:38:17,659 and had never served in the military. 681 00:38:18,354 --> 00:38:21,222 After Bremers' arrival , ORHA would be fased out 682 00:38:21,375 --> 00:38:24,118 and the Coalition Provisional Authority, CPA... 683 00:38:24,161 --> 00:38:25,847 would take its place. 684 00:38:25,941 --> 00:38:28,026 We intend to have a very... 685 00:38:28,229 --> 00:38:32,537 effective, efficient and well organized hand-over. 686 00:38:34,265 --> 00:38:36,089 General Garner and I, are... 687 00:38:36,132 --> 00:38:38,020 pledged to working very closely together. 688 00:38:38,021 --> 00:38:39,407 He has done an outstandig job. 689 00:38:39,408 --> 00:38:41,214 We set up a series of brief inform 690 00:38:41,257 --> 00:38:43,476 he spent a day going through what everybody was doing 691 00:38:43,531 --> 00:38:44,651 and he took charge. 692 00:38:44,697 --> 00:38:47,248 I came home, like, 3rd, 4th or 5th of June. 693 00:38:52,570 --> 00:38:56,032 Between May 1st and his departure for Iraq on May 10th, 694 00:38:56,211 --> 00:38:57,856 Bremer worked at the Pentagon... 695 00:38:57,945 --> 00:39:00,615 and met frequently with Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz... 696 00:39:00,703 --> 00:39:02,885 and undersecretary Doug Feith. 697 00:39:03,299 --> 00:39:06,070 Bremer also worked closely with Walter Slocombe... 698 00:39:06,135 --> 00:39:08,231 a former undersecretary of Defense... 699 00:39:08,274 --> 00:39:11,577 whom Rumsfeld had appointed to be in charge of postwar policy 700 00:39:11,620 --> 00:39:12,961 for Iraqs military. 701 00:39:13,048 --> 00:39:16,050 They contacted me in mid March 2003. 702 00:39:16,153 --> 00:39:22,191 Did it cross your mind to think... isn't it kind of late for them to be thinking about this 703 00:39:22,760 --> 00:39:23,975 Yes. 704 00:39:27,336 --> 00:39:29,408 - Did you tell them that? - No. 705 00:39:30,101 --> 00:39:31,248 Like Bremer... 706 00:39:31,291 --> 00:39:33,359 Slocombe had never served in the military... 707 00:39:33,371 --> 00:39:34,791 had never been to Iraq... 708 00:39:34,834 --> 00:39:37,466 had no postwar reconstruction experience... 709 00:39:37,552 --> 00:39:39,631 and no Arabic. 710 00:39:39,768 --> 00:39:41,736 In Bremer's first 10 days at work... 711 00:39:41,779 --> 00:39:43,513 while still in Washington DC... 712 00:39:43,642 --> 00:39:46,374 he made three fateful policy decisions. 713 00:39:46,748 --> 00:39:50,936 His 1st decision was to stop the formation of an iterim Iraqi government. 714 00:39:51,004 --> 00:39:53,922 Even though Jay Garner had been workig to establish one. 715 00:39:54,015 --> 00:39:55,316 Jay Garner was certainly suportive... 716 00:39:55,393 --> 00:39:57,880 for getting some governing body for Iraqi's, but... 717 00:39:58,511 --> 00:40:01,966 this was done away with on the way to Baghdad 718 00:40:02,009 --> 00:40:04,614 and I didn't think general Garner knew about it beforehand... 719 00:40:04,657 --> 00:40:05,894 and nor did I. 720 00:40:06,026 --> 00:40:08,258 We had... expected. 721 00:40:08,796 --> 00:40:11,490 I think I can say we had been promised... 722 00:40:12,143 --> 00:40:14,310 that there would be a sovereign government... 723 00:40:14,430 --> 00:40:15,837 virtually immediately. 724 00:40:15,991 --> 00:40:18,014 " I am in charge..." 725 00:40:18,092 --> 00:40:20,681 "and everyone will do what I say..." 726 00:40:20,724 --> 00:40:23,254 "and... that's it.... Understand?" 727 00:40:23,333 --> 00:40:25,867 And that's kind of the way... 728 00:40:25,978 --> 00:40:27,807 L. Paul Bremer came across. 729 00:40:27,850 --> 00:40:33,054 Much, much, much too...hardcore and to... mission driven 730 00:40:33,097 --> 00:40:36,159 to see that his exclusion of the Iraqis... 731 00:40:36,202 --> 00:40:39,761 early on, from major paticipation in the deccsion making process 732 00:40:39,762 --> 00:40:41,195 it was a grievous error. 733 00:40:41,238 --> 00:40:46,232 L. Paul Bremer refused to be interviewed for this film. 734 00:40:46,283 --> 00:40:51,153 In May of 2003, we got the... legal occupation of Iraq. 735 00:40:51,196 --> 00:40:53,498 I said at that time and I believe now 736 00:40:54,178 --> 00:40:55,873 that, that was a misstake. 737 00:40:55,916 --> 00:40:57,269 We want the American troops... 738 00:40:57,312 --> 00:40:59,313 basically to leave Iraq completely... 739 00:40:59,390 --> 00:41:02,926 and let the Iraqi people basically rule Iraq. 740 00:41:02,982 --> 00:41:04,976 The reaction to his next two decisions... 741 00:41:05,019 --> 00:41:06,814 would be dramatically worse. 742 00:41:07,798 --> 00:41:09,734 De-Ba'athification. 743 00:41:09,780 --> 00:41:14,766 I am today establishing an Iraqi de-Ba'athification counsel. 744 00:41:14,956 --> 00:41:16,264 to ensure 745 00:41:16,307 --> 00:41:18,542 that the structure and influence of the Ba'ath party... 746 00:41:18,585 --> 00:41:19,943 is elliminated for good. 747 00:41:19,944 --> 00:41:21,277 Bremer's second decision... 748 00:41:21,278 --> 00:41:24,180 his first formal order as the head of the CPA... 749 00:41:24,181 --> 00:41:27,402 purged an estimated 50.000 members of the Ba'ath party, 750 00:41:27,445 --> 00:41:30,013 which Saddam had used to rule Iraq. 751 00:41:30,187 --> 00:41:33,695 For moste, Bremer's order meant permanent unemployment. 752 00:41:33,791 --> 00:41:36,092 The policy also crippled Iraqi's government... 753 00:41:36,093 --> 00:41:38,394 educational system and economy. 754 00:41:38,527 --> 00:41:44,158 Because a purged senior government officials, who had joined the party simply to survive under Saddam's regim. 755 00:41:44,201 --> 00:41:47,140 I was walking down the hall and Ambassador Robin Raphel came to me and said... 756 00:41:47,141 --> 00:41:49,177 - " Have you seen this? ". - I said, what is it, Robin? 757 00:41:49,178 --> 00:41:51,063 - She says de-Ba'athification - I said, no. 758 00:41:51,235 --> 00:41:53,779 So I read it realy quick and I said I... 759 00:41:54,061 --> 00:41:55,178 don't think we can do this. 760 00:41:55,221 --> 00:41:57,378 She says, "well I think you got to talk to Jerry". 761 00:41:57,581 --> 00:41:59,282 So I went to see him and said... 762 00:41:59,283 --> 00:42:00,817 How about letting us go through this 763 00:42:00,818 --> 00:42:02,285 and lets get on the phone with Rumsfeld... 764 00:42:02,286 --> 00:42:03,553 and see if we can soften this a little bit 765 00:42:03,554 --> 00:42:05,555 He said: I don't not have that flexibility. 766 00:42:05,556 --> 00:42:07,290 I'v been given my orders, and want to execute'm. 767 00:42:07,291 --> 00:42:08,858 So that ended that discussion. 768 00:42:08,901 --> 00:42:12,061 He may have come in... and spoken to me in great lenght 769 00:42:12,062 --> 00:42:13,998 I just don't remember it, honestly don't remember it. 770 00:42:14,041 --> 00:42:15,965 You don't remember these guys comming in and saying... 771 00:42:15,966 --> 00:42:18,334 this is 30 to 50.000 people, and ... 772 00:42:18,335 --> 00:42:19,906 my god, what are you doing? 773 00:42:20,896 --> 00:42:23,364 It was working 20 hours a day in that period, as well. 774 00:42:23,407 --> 00:42:25,313 This wasn't the only thing on my... 775 00:42:25,401 --> 00:42:28,191 list of things to do the first five days I was there. 776 00:42:28,234 --> 00:42:30,146 Bremer appointed Ahmed Chalabi... 777 00:42:30,147 --> 00:42:32,338 to head the de-ba'athification counsel. 778 00:42:32,381 --> 00:42:35,683 Chalabi used the position to elliminate political rivals. 779 00:42:35,853 --> 00:42:37,963 The de-ba'athification was so deep... 780 00:42:38,338 --> 00:42:40,721 that we wheren't able to get the government running... 781 00:42:40,815 --> 00:42:42,258 as a efficiently as we should have, 782 00:42:42,301 --> 00:42:43,459 as fast as we should have, 783 00:42:43,460 --> 00:42:46,896 and you had a lot of disenfranchised ba'athis 784 00:42:46,897 --> 00:42:48,179 What do we want? 785 00:42:48,223 --> 00:42:49,386 Work! Work! Work! 786 00:42:49,504 --> 00:42:52,311 There were people who were kicked out of there job... 787 00:42:52,373 --> 00:42:55,876 Even though they were just professionals... 788 00:42:56,923 --> 00:42:59,141 engineers, directors. 789 00:42:59,342 --> 00:43:02,146 The technocrats, the intelligencia... 790 00:43:02,360 --> 00:43:04,948 the elementary school librarianl. 791 00:43:05,126 --> 00:43:07,206 Beeing conquered and then loosing your job, and... 792 00:43:07,249 --> 00:43:09,971 and not having any means to support yourself or family... 793 00:43:10,014 --> 00:43:12,345 was an incredibly humiliating experience. 794 00:43:16,705 --> 00:43:19,265 It was Bremer's 3rd decision however 795 00:43:19,436 --> 00:43:21,896 that was the most explosive. 796 00:43:22,800 --> 00:43:26,636 To disbanding the Iraqi military and intelligence services... 797 00:43:26,637 --> 00:43:29,038 the most important institutions in Iraq. 798 00:43:29,039 --> 00:43:32,270 CPA-order #2, disbanded the Iraqi army... 799 00:43:32,313 --> 00:43:34,829 Republican Guard, Special Republican Guard, 800 00:43:34,883 --> 00:43:36,245 and Secret Police. 801 00:43:36,246 --> 00:43:38,281 Over night Bremer rended unemployed 802 00:43:38,282 --> 00:43:41,481 and thereby infuriated half a million armed men... 803 00:43:41,552 --> 00:43:44,053 equivalent to firing over five million people. 804 00:43:44,054 --> 00:43:45,449 in the United States. 805 00:43:45,522 --> 00:43:49,055 And so these men rather than helping to prevent an insurgency... 806 00:43:49,133 --> 00:43:51,156 instead created one. 807 00:43:51,815 --> 00:43:56,805 Demonstration by former Iraqi soldiers. 808 00:43:58,126 --> 00:43:59,833 I can't believe they did that. 809 00:43:59,861 --> 00:44:04,398 Hundreds of thousands of families, depending on the army. 810 00:44:04,441 --> 00:44:07,676 They didn't have an income, the didn't have providers. 811 00:44:07,745 --> 00:44:14,044 We are hungry, there is no bread, no food, no money, we want job. 812 00:44:14,114 --> 00:44:18,916 Children, women, wives, sisters, fathers... 813 00:44:20,205 --> 00:44:23,259 stopped eating because they didn't have enough money. 814 00:44:23,472 --> 00:44:26,817 Officially. I thinkl it's 27% unemployment... officially 815 00:44:27,392 --> 00:44:30,060 It's almost certainly much higher. 816 00:44:30,225 --> 00:44:32,827 I would guess anywhere from 40 to 50 %. 817 00:44:32,870 --> 00:44:35,295 Is it any wonder that many of these people, who... 818 00:44:36,150 --> 00:44:38,767 almost all had at least some military training, since... 819 00:44:38,845 --> 00:44:40,621 you had to serve in the army in Iraq 820 00:44:40,997 --> 00:44:42,564 or they were active military... 821 00:44:43,288 --> 00:44:45,178 would turn to... 822 00:44:45,632 --> 00:44:47,179 joining the insurgency 823 00:44:47,851 --> 00:44:49,894 just as a means to feed their family. 824 00:44:49,948 --> 00:44:52,355 and as a means of regaining some of that pride. 825 00:44:52,690 --> 00:44:55,625 In deciding to disband the Iraqi military 826 00:44:55,626 --> 00:44:57,326 Bremer was undoing a policy 827 00:44:57,327 --> 00:45:01,288 supported by both the US military and by ORHA. 828 00:45:01,331 --> 00:45:03,066 Paul Hughes had a team... 829 00:45:03,067 --> 00:45:05,068 that was seeking out the Iraqi army... 830 00:45:05,069 --> 00:45:07,032 and he's beginning to find a lot of them... 831 00:45:07,141 --> 00:45:08,796 and he had found a lot of them. 832 00:45:08,839 --> 00:45:11,058 And we had made overtours to bring them back. 833 00:45:11,113 --> 00:45:13,641 These soldiers, when they registred had to sign... 834 00:45:13,750 --> 00:45:15,745 or fill out a questionnaire... 835 00:45:15,895 --> 00:45:18,178 about who they were, what unit they were with, 836 00:45:18,221 --> 00:45:20,042 what they did, what their skills were 837 00:45:20,085 --> 00:45:22,508 what military equipment they had at home... 838 00:45:23,611 --> 00:45:26,177 just... a lot of information... 839 00:45:26,220 --> 00:45:28,356 that would have been useful to us. 840 00:45:28,559 --> 00:45:30,411 And I was collecting all of that. 841 00:45:30,591 --> 00:45:32,822 But the DoD advisory team in charge of 842 00:45:32,865 --> 00:45:34,697 dealing with the Iraqi military... 843 00:45:34,803 --> 00:45:36,319 headed by Walter Slocombe... 844 00:45:36,400 --> 00:45:40,135 had remained in Washington DC and had never visited Iraq. 845 00:45:40,204 --> 00:45:42,361 I said, I don't see any reason to go out there. 846 00:45:42,404 --> 00:45:44,547 I can get ready better, here in Washington. 847 00:45:44,590 --> 00:45:47,258 And I urged them time and again... 848 00:45:47,510 --> 00:45:50,046 in my conversations with them from Baghdad... 849 00:45:50,047 --> 00:45:51,679 that they needed to get over there. 850 00:45:51,722 --> 00:45:54,548 Because there were people waiting ON THEM... 851 00:45:54,618 --> 00:45:56,970 and on one man in particular..., to show up 852 00:45:57,013 --> 00:46:01,049 so he could make decisions and get the ball rolling. 853 00:46:01,213 --> 00:46:02,776 In his absence,... 854 00:46:02,932 --> 00:46:04,909 I was left with the duty of 855 00:46:04,972 --> 00:46:06,929 having to deal with the Iraqi army... 856 00:46:06,972 --> 00:46:08,936 just to keep contact with them. 857 00:46:08,979 --> 00:46:13,738 The Iraqi army was essentially standing there... waiting. 858 00:46:13,802 --> 00:46:15,429 They were waiting for an overture. 859 00:46:15,472 --> 00:46:18,107 They were waiting for what they thought would happen... 860 00:46:18,108 --> 00:46:21,295 that someone would come to them and say... 861 00:46:21,350 --> 00:46:22,964 "This is the plan",... 862 00:46:23,066 --> 00:46:25,644 " and you are integral to that plan..." 863 00:46:25,716 --> 00:46:27,917 "and we need you." 864 00:46:28,023 --> 00:46:29,288 No one ever did that. 865 00:46:29,290 --> 00:46:30,578 When the war was over... 866 00:46:30,621 --> 00:46:32,693 when the major maneuver fighting was over... 867 00:46:32,736 --> 00:46:36,322 There were simply no units... still in existence. 868 00:46:36,365 --> 00:46:37,693 Everybody had gone home. 869 00:46:37,736 --> 00:46:40,626 Generals and commanders were coming back with entire divisions 870 00:46:40,669 --> 00:46:41,863 saying here are my people. 871 00:46:41,906 --> 00:46:43,985 One of the Iraqi officers... 872 00:46:44,143 --> 00:46:45,495 towards the end of ... 873 00:46:45,736 --> 00:46:48,295 the second or the third meeting, when... 874 00:46:48,357 --> 00:46:49,970 Baghdad was going,... 875 00:46:50,275 --> 00:46:53,185 it was in chaos... said... 876 00:46:53,228 --> 00:46:56,618 " Colonel Paul,... I can have 10.000 military police men, 877 00:46:56,661 --> 00:46:59,253 "for you next week, you just tell me." 878 00:46:59,650 --> 00:47:02,601 I took that back to Bernie Kerik's staff 879 00:47:02,644 --> 00:47:04,340 and nothing was done with it. 880 00:47:04,564 --> 00:47:10,254 Instead, Bremer issued the disbanding order 881 00:47:10,667 --> 00:47:14,036 Five days after, Bremmer issued his order. 882 00:47:14,131 --> 00:47:16,236 we were farewelling Jay Garner... 883 00:47:16,291 --> 00:47:20,036 because it was going to leave Iraq... for good the next day. 884 00:47:20,149 --> 00:47:23,739 We had two Humvee's on the highway... 885 00:47:23,837 --> 00:47:26,042 hanging out from the Green Zone... 886 00:47:26,119 --> 00:47:29,713 and they were ambushed and two soldiers were killed 887 00:47:29,969 --> 00:47:33,735 And that was when, in my mind, the insurgency began. 888 00:47:35,919 --> 00:47:40,841 We go, go, go! We go, go, go! 889 00:47:40,997 --> 00:47:43,173 My colleagues and I could sit on the... 890 00:47:43,240 --> 00:47:46,034 balcony or on the roof of the Republican Palace, at night 891 00:47:46,077 --> 00:47:49,413 and we could watch the tracers throughout Baghdad. 892 00:47:49,507 --> 00:47:52,521 We could watch the flares of different colors that went up... 893 00:47:52,564 --> 00:47:54,799 marking... where American convoys 894 00:47:54,842 --> 00:47:57,635 of certain compositions... were moving, 895 00:47:57,694 --> 00:47:59,967 and being followed by the insurgents. 896 00:48:00,046 --> 00:48:09,101 *> 897 00:48:09,102 --> 00:48:10,110 <* 898 00:48:10,153 --> 00:48:12,722 These guys all knew where those munitions were. 899 00:48:12,723 --> 00:48:17,126 They knew how to get to those weapons and how to use them. 900 00:48:17,227 --> 00:48:20,514 And you just sent them away and said they don't exist? 901 00:48:20,615 --> 00:48:22,916 Common sense tells me you don't do that. 902 00:48:22,959 --> 00:48:26,147 When you have huge ammunition dumps...that... 903 00:48:26,190 --> 00:48:29,620 weren't guarded until several weeks if not a couple months 904 00:48:29,663 --> 00:48:32,083 after major combat action ended 905 00:48:32,131 --> 00:48:34,280 I'm standing there watching these insurgents 906 00:48:34,323 --> 00:48:35,448 pullout... 907 00:48:35,580 --> 00:48:37,351 rockets and mortars and bombs 908 00:48:37,405 --> 00:48:40,016 from these weapons caches that the Iraqis sto... 909 00:48:40,017 --> 00:48:41,620 stashed everywhere. 910 00:48:41,948 --> 00:48:45,087 And you go to the British or to the US, whoever is there, 911 00:48:45,088 --> 00:48:47,163 with your little GPS... receiver 912 00:48:47,206 --> 00:48:48,531 to " Hey guys..." 913 00:48:48,586 --> 00:48:52,747 you know "we have found like 18.000 million tons of bombs, and... 914 00:48:52,794 --> 00:48:54,964 " and there're a bunch of Iraqis with AK-47s... 915 00:48:54,965 --> 00:48:56,341 " taking it away." 916 00:48:56,384 --> 00:48:59,681 " Probably not the best idea... here's where its located." 917 00:48:59,724 --> 00:49:00,991 And they say to you... 918 00:49:01,004 --> 00:49:03,232 " We just don't have enough people to cover it ". 919 00:49:03,275 --> 00:49:06,477 And...I just couldn't believe it, it wasn't the right answer. 920 00:49:06,867 --> 00:49:09,151 Go there and take care of it for your security, 921 00:49:09,170 --> 00:49:12,286 for the civilian security for everybody, its just a bad idea. 922 00:49:25,363 --> 00:49:29,832 Did anyone warn you, that disbanding the army in this way... 923 00:49:29,833 --> 00:49:35,709 would, and then was, fueling major growth of the insurgency 924 00:49:36,173 --> 00:49:37,944 Certainly not in these terms. 925 00:49:38,070 --> 00:49:39,985 Nobody said that to you? 926 00:49:40,110 --> 00:49:41,544 No. I also don't believe it's true... 927 00:49:41,545 --> 00:49:43,445 but nobody said it, nobody said... 928 00:49:43,488 --> 00:49:44,555 You don't believe it's true? 929 00:49:44,597 --> 00:49:46,227 No. I don't believe that it's true. 930 00:49:46,270 --> 00:49:48,710 A number of the most senior Generals 931 00:49:48,753 --> 00:49:51,787 came to the Channal Hotel, to the UN headquarters 932 00:49:51,788 --> 00:49:53,708 and they were very explicit... 933 00:49:53,763 --> 00:49:56,703 of the consequences of letting this order stand 934 00:49:56,831 --> 00:49:58,392 and of marginalizing... 935 00:49:58,435 --> 00:50:01,392 this incredible powerful segment of the society... 936 00:50:01,478 --> 00:50:03,070 would be an insurgency 937 00:50:03,113 --> 00:50:06,864 A Lebanese diplomat named Hassan Salami... 938 00:50:06,950 --> 00:50:09,705 turned to his colleague as the generals walked away 939 00:50:09,706 --> 00:50:11,374 after one of their meetings... 940 00:50:11,375 --> 00:50:14,667 and said " I see bullets in their eyes". 941 00:50:14,720 --> 00:50:16,548 " I see bullets in their eyes ". 942 00:50:16,780 --> 00:50:20,316 Even more remarkable that the decision to disband the army... 943 00:50:20,317 --> 00:50:22,403 it how that this decision was made... 944 00:50:22,490 --> 00:50:24,536 Secretly, over a single week... 945 00:50:24,591 --> 00:50:28,257 by few men in Washington DC who had never been to Iraq. 946 00:50:28,258 --> 00:50:31,093 They did not consult with the military commanders in Iraq... 947 00:50:31,316 --> 00:50:32,990 not with the joint chiefs of staff ... 948 00:50:33,054 --> 00:50:34,955 ORHA,... the state department... 949 00:50:35,233 --> 00:50:38,230 the CIA... the National Security Council...... 950 00:50:38,370 --> 00:50:42,260 or even, apparently, ... president of the USA. 951 00:50:42,865 --> 00:50:45,734 Walter Slocombe and Paul Hughes, were reinterviewed. 952 00:50:45,876 --> 00:50:47,651 in order to reconstruct the events... 953 00:50:47,694 --> 00:50:49,863 leading to the dissolution of the army. 954 00:50:49,917 --> 00:50:53,849 These guys called themselves, the Independent Military Gathering. 955 00:50:53,932 --> 00:50:58,258 The Independent Military Gathering had a 100,000 on the 9th of May ... 956 00:50:58,301 --> 00:50:59,942 And they already had 100,000 signatures? 957 00:50:59,985 --> 00:51:01,690 Yeh, this was a nation wide effort. 958 00:51:01,691 --> 00:51:04,256 They brought me... I wanted the print-outs. 959 00:51:04,299 --> 00:51:07,354 all the discs,... and they gave them to me... 960 00:51:07,397 --> 00:51:10,132 and I took them back with me to ORHA. 961 00:51:10,246 --> 00:51:13,416 I said "Here we go", and I told Walt and his crew... 962 00:51:13,471 --> 00:51:16,413 I've got these things, the're here waiting for you. 963 00:51:16,577 --> 00:51:18,891 Hughes belived that he had an... 964 00:51:18,962 --> 00:51:21,657 opening to the Iraqi officers... 965 00:51:23,021 --> 00:51:25,770 who would have been prepared to re-constitute the units. 966 00:51:25,813 --> 00:51:29,608 He already had obtained registration statements from 137,000 967 00:51:29,651 --> 00:51:33,369 No he hadn't. He hadn't done that. He may have, he may have wri... 968 00:51:33,580 --> 00:51:35,112 gotten,...may have...'cause 969 00:51:35,155 --> 00:51:39,141 'Cause nobody could have gotten statements from a 130,000 from anybody from anywhere... 970 00:51:39,423 --> 00:51:41,361 in the chaos that prevailed at that point. 971 00:51:41,404 --> 00:51:43,405 They had a courier system set up... 972 00:51:43,467 --> 00:51:47,926 that was running around the metropolitan area of Baghdad... 973 00:51:48,029 --> 00:51:51,765 of Mosul, of Basora and of Kirkuk. 974 00:51:51,937 --> 00:51:55,206 I don't understand... 975 00:51:56,613 --> 00:51:59,949 Given how difficult it was to do anything... 976 00:52:00,205 --> 00:52:02,718 just...operationally or organisationally... 977 00:52:02,719 --> 00:52:04,720 nobody had 137.000. 978 00:52:04,721 --> 00:52:06,555 Walt was not there. 979 00:52:06,556 --> 00:52:09,475 He never met with these people, he had no clue... 980 00:52:09,518 --> 00:52:12,644 So did you tell Slocombe this. That this was going on? 981 00:52:12,687 --> 00:52:16,033 Yes, he knew this. He and his staff, knew this. 982 00:52:16,111 --> 00:52:18,838 Aambassador Breme, you had already done him... 983 00:52:18,884 --> 00:52:20,345 made a recommendation to him 984 00:52:20,361 --> 00:52:24,104 and hi had already made at least a tentative recommendation... 985 00:52:24,470 --> 00:52:26,392 to secretary Rumsfeld... 986 00:52:26,400 --> 00:52:29,245 about the dissolution of the army... 987 00:52:29,246 --> 00:52:31,956 On the emission of the order he finaly issued, yes. 988 00:52:31,980 --> 00:52:33,831 Yes, on May 9. 989 00:52:35,018 --> 00:52:36,452 - Yes. - Okey. 990 00:52:36,816 --> 00:52:39,823 The 9th of May, was the last time that I had a conversation... 991 00:52:39,886 --> 00:52:41,957 with Walt Slocombe. 992 00:52:42,105 --> 00:52:44,456 We talked on the phone, before we went out. 993 00:52:44,494 --> 00:52:46,917 Did you ever say to him, or thinking of 994 00:52:46,956 --> 00:52:50,441 disbanding the Iraqi army and stopping your efforts to recal the Iraqi army? 995 00:52:50,467 --> 00:52:52,823 One of the things I did was, just... 996 00:52:52,847 --> 00:52:54,659 Did you ever say that to him? 997 00:52:55,581 --> 00:52:57,039 In those words, no. 998 00:52:57,167 --> 00:53:00,081 The conversation was...."I'm coming over 999 00:53:00,140 --> 00:53:02,534 "I'm concerned about where I am going to be living... 1000 00:53:02,620 --> 00:53:05,144 you know, "Am I gonna have a motor pool with me 1001 00:53:05,175 --> 00:53:07,883 "My own cooks? ". Yada, yada, yada. 1002 00:53:08,003 --> 00:53:11,113 I mean... it was nothing about the Iraqi military. 1003 00:53:11,154 --> 00:53:13,605 And I was giving him an update on what...l 1004 00:53:13,610 --> 00:53:15,812 So he didn't say that he had already... 1005 00:53:16,113 --> 00:53:18,127 come to the tentative conclusion 1006 00:53:18,128 --> 00:53:20,930 and recommended to Bremer... to dissolve the army? 1007 00:53:20,931 --> 00:53:23,183 Absolutely not, because had he said that 1008 00:53:23,195 --> 00:53:26,852 I would have been on Jay's door step post haste. 1009 00:53:27,243 --> 00:53:29,196 So you guys came up with this idea 1010 00:53:29,211 --> 00:53:31,485 and recommended to secretary Rumsfeld... 1011 00:53:31,500 --> 00:53:34,993 without having spoken to any of t he senior people in Iraq 1012 00:53:35,005 --> 00:53:36,438 resposible for these matters? 1013 00:53:36,458 --> 00:53:38,188 that it was subject to... 1014 00:53:38,266 --> 00:53:40,789 and precisely because of the fact... 1015 00:53:40,910 --> 00:53:43,655 that it had, and actually been only thought of for a few days 1016 00:53:43,792 --> 00:53:46,440 because Bremer was going out and Bremmer said to Rumsfeld... 1017 00:53:46,542 --> 00:53:49,979 "Before I make a recommendation, I will talk to people on the ground". 1018 00:53:50,565 --> 00:53:57,424 Bremer came to Baghdad on May 12. His consultations with the people on the ground were brief to nonexistent. 1019 00:53:57,555 --> 00:53:59,823 Was that a surprise to you, that this had been discussed with... 1020 00:53:59,838 --> 00:54:02,877 No, it hadn't been discussed with me, it was a surprise... a big surprise. 1021 00:54:03,337 --> 00:54:04,860 - Really? - A-hm. 1022 00:54:04,940 --> 00:54:07,760 You never called up Garner and said we're thinking of doing this, 1023 00:54:07,765 --> 00:54:09,518 do you think this is a good idea? 1024 00:54:11,259 --> 00:54:13,112 I don't think I did. 1025 00:54:15,018 --> 00:54:17,973 - Don't you think that might have been a misstake? - No. 1026 00:54:19,083 --> 00:54:20,983 What was your reaction? What did you think? 1027 00:54:21,078 --> 00:54:22,981 I thought it was a poor idea. 1028 00:54:23,340 --> 00:54:25,530 I thought we needed to bring them back. 1029 00:54:25,629 --> 00:54:29,999 The military commanders were also opposed to Bremer's decision. 1030 00:54:30,155 --> 00:54:34,241 John Abizaid and Dave McKiernan were... constantly telling me 1031 00:54:34,311 --> 00:54:36,569 " How about hurrying up? " " Let's get the army back! ". 1032 00:54:36,906 --> 00:54:41,530 There is a large numbr of former Iraqi soldiers that are unemployed now. 1033 00:54:41,711 --> 00:54:44,947 That is a huge concern not only from a security stand point 1034 00:54:44,948 --> 00:54:46,882 but from an economic stand point. 1035 00:54:46,883 --> 00:54:49,313 They are not earning an incom right now. 1036 00:54:49,617 --> 00:54:54,078 And there's the announcement that the Iraqi army has been disbanded. 1037 00:54:54,518 --> 00:54:55,862 And I was floored. 1038 00:54:55,889 --> 00:54:59,667 And at this particulary point in time,... Walt Slocombe and his team... 1039 00:54:59,799 --> 00:55:02,276 still were not... in Iraq. 1040 00:55:02,534 --> 00:55:04,925 Colonel Hughes was the person who was in charge of 1041 00:55:04,948 --> 00:55:06,335 dealing with the Iraqi army... 1042 00:55:06,336 --> 00:55:08,771 because non of the people from your advicery group 1043 00:55:08,772 --> 00:55:11,479 had yet showed up in Iraq, including you. 1044 00:55:12,142 --> 00:55:14,910 Didn't you think that maybe you should speak with him about this? 1045 00:55:14,911 --> 00:55:16,757 I talked with him a lot. 1046 00:55:17,249 --> 00:55:20,702 That's funny! He says that the order to disbanding the army... 1047 00:55:20,753 --> 00:55:22,609 came as a complete surprise to him 1048 00:55:22,654 --> 00:55:27,088 and he learned of it by watching it on a television in an airport. 1049 00:55:27,977 --> 00:55:30,759 That is extr... Well if that so, that's surprising me. 1050 00:55:30,915 --> 00:55:32,767 But it'is impossible. 1051 00:55:33,580 --> 00:55:35,493 When I talked to him... 1052 00:55:35,821 --> 00:55:36,884 I... 1053 00:55:37,196 --> 00:55:41,540 We work together on a daily bases during the time I was there. 1054 00:55:41,743 --> 00:55:44,453 - He came on the 16th of May. 1055 00:55:44,485 --> 00:55:49,057 - For 4 day "world wind tour" of the country... - Ooh! 1056 00:55:49,179 --> 00:55:53,956 And then he left. And he didn't come back until the middle of June 1057 00:55:54,026 --> 00:55:55,878 - Really? - Correct! 1058 00:55:57,175 --> 00:55:58,988 He didn't tell you that? 1059 00:55:59,690 --> 00:56:05,226 Jay Garner and Paul Hughes weren't the only ones surprised by the disbanding order. 1060 00:56:05,228 --> 00:56:07,896 This idea to disbanding the entire army... 1061 00:56:07,898 --> 00:56:09,966 came as a surprise. 1062 00:56:10,133 --> 00:56:11,625 I see. 1063 00:56:11,768 --> 00:56:13,369 What was your reaction when you learned of it? 1064 00:56:13,370 --> 00:56:15,609 I thought that we had created a problem. 1065 00:56:15,679 --> 00:56:17,812 We had a lot of out-of-work soldiers. 1066 00:56:18,675 --> 00:56:20,409 The president already had made a different decision 1067 00:56:20,410 --> 00:56:24,179 which was to keep battalion... and below...in force. 1068 00:56:24,180 --> 00:56:25,679 - Earlier, yes. - Yes. 1069 00:56:25,718 --> 00:56:28,992 ...within a couple of days proximity 1070 00:56:29,054 --> 00:56:33,672 Most of us where caught relatively or completely unaware of disbanding the army. 1071 00:56:33,757 --> 00:56:37,123 Secretary Powell found out about it as I did. 1072 00:56:37,537 --> 00:56:38,460 Which was how? 1073 00:56:38,461 --> 00:56:41,607 Just the day he announced that he disbanded the army. 1074 00:56:41,868 --> 00:56:44,770 - How about Condoleezza Rice? - She ought to speak for he self. 1075 00:56:44,834 --> 00:56:49,594 Condoleezza Rice refused to be interviewed for this documentary. 1076 00:56:49,744 --> 00:56:51,780 Do you have any idea how much the president knew... 1077 00:56:51,808 --> 00:56:53,976 about these decisions in advance? Whether he... 1078 00:56:53,977 --> 00:56:57,436 As I said before, I don't know if he was informed by Mr Rumsfeld or not. 1079 00:56:57,438 --> 00:56:58,755 No idea! 1080 00:56:58,882 --> 00:57:00,949 I wasn't in my office but 2 hours 1081 00:57:01,991 --> 00:57:03,741 a young MP comes to se me.. 1082 00:57:03,743 --> 00:57:05,179 he goes "Colonel Hughes..." 1083 00:57:05,241 --> 00:57:08,724 " I got some some Iraqi officers that wanna met with you." 1084 00:57:09,092 --> 00:57:11,326 And I was thinking to myself "Holy cow". 1085 00:57:11,327 --> 00:57:13,294 What do I tell this guys? 1086 00:57:13,630 --> 00:57:15,886 So I finally came downstairs and met with them 1087 00:57:15,895 --> 00:57:19,025 in the rotunda of the Republican Palace. 1088 00:57:19,174 --> 00:57:23,595 Colonel Mirzan...says... Colonel Paul... what happened? 1089 00:57:23,695 --> 00:57:26,163 And I said to him... I don't know what happened. 1090 00:57:26,210 --> 00:57:29,111 I have no idea of how this came about. 1091 00:57:29,178 --> 00:57:30,678 And he said... 1092 00:57:30,974 --> 00:57:32,856 All these soldiers... 1093 00:57:32,888 --> 00:57:34,516 they now have no recourse 1094 00:57:34,517 --> 00:57:36,084 they have no money comming to them. 1095 00:57:36,085 --> 00:57:38,302 What are they supposed to do? 1096 00:57:53,303 --> 00:57:57,339 In July, 2003, the insurgents begin planting improvised explosive devices (IED's) all over Iraq. 1097 00:57:57,340 --> 00:58:00,509 There is a dramatic rise in casualty rates among American soldiers. 1098 00:58:00,510 --> 00:58:02,110 How many times did I tell you? 1099 00:58:02,111 --> 00:58:03,779 - Shit! - Carajo! 1100 00:58:03,780 --> 00:58:05,113 Moan, my ear! 1101 00:58:05,114 --> 00:58:06,815 We need to get the fuck out of here. 1102 00:58:06,816 --> 00:58:10,185 There are some who.... feel like that... 1103 00:58:10,186 --> 00:58:12,621 the conditions are such that they can attack us there. 1104 00:58:12,622 --> 00:58:14,565 My answer is bring'em on. 1105 00:58:14,639 --> 00:58:16,518 I was in the bucket. 1106 00:58:17,246 --> 00:58:21,018 The bucket is a non armored vehicle. 1107 00:58:21,207 --> 00:58:25,073 Anything that happens... you gonna get it. 1108 00:58:25,534 --> 00:58:27,815 So, nobody wants to be in there. 1109 00:58:27,904 --> 00:58:32,190 In 2003, only 1 in 8 Humvees in Iraq had adequate armor. 1110 00:58:32,675 --> 00:58:37,045 I saw the blast almost directly, sir. 1111 00:58:38,861 --> 00:58:42,267 I then I started hearing the fire fight... 1112 00:58:42,619 --> 00:58:47,259 From the far... to the closest...blam, blam we started firing. 1113 00:58:47,602 --> 00:58:50,759 We have a limited problem of some bitter enders... 1114 00:58:50,820 --> 00:58:53,135 some small remnants of the old regime 1115 00:58:53,540 --> 00:58:56,098 who are using professional military tactics... 1116 00:58:56,099 --> 00:59:00,150 to attack and kill our soldiers, as they did...this morning. 1117 00:59:00,297 --> 00:59:02,892 - Do you think this is a coordinated campaign 1118 00:59:02,959 --> 00:59:04,978 - No, no. - Is this a guerrilla war? 1119 00:59:07,911 --> 00:59:09,830 As a consequence of that blast... 1120 00:59:09,877 --> 00:59:15,081 I suffer a penetrating... traumatic brain injury. 1121 00:59:15,603 --> 00:59:20,187 And I lost... the perception of the light in my right eye. 1122 00:59:21,391 --> 00:59:23,825 I suffered damages in the left eye... 1123 00:59:23,826 --> 00:59:27,750 that caused a hole in the retina... 1124 00:59:29,469 --> 00:59:31,070 but we fight,... 1125 00:59:31,797 --> 00:59:34,844 we fight until we hear the cease fire. 1126 00:59:34,897 --> 00:59:38,933 I was a gunner... and my driver lost both his legs... 1127 00:59:39,344 --> 00:59:41,398 and it ejected me out.. 1128 00:59:42,109 --> 00:59:47,703 and I suffered a... fractured femur,... nearly lost my right arm... 1129 00:59:47,976 --> 00:59:51,414 and colapsed lung and closed head wounds. 1130 00:59:51,484 --> 00:59:53,875 I have since gone to the dictionary... 1131 00:59:53,969 --> 00:59:55,954 and I've looked up... 1132 00:59:55,992 --> 00:59:58,660 several things, one of which I can't immediately recapture 1133 00:59:58,661 --> 01:00:00,862 but one was a "guerrilla war"... 1134 01:00:00,863 --> 01:00:03,498 another was "insurgency", another was... 1135 01:00:03,500 --> 01:00:05,466 unconventional "war". Pardon me? 1136 01:00:05,653 --> 01:00:07,372 Wont work! 1137 01:00:08,599 --> 01:00:12,207 No, that's someone elses business, Quagmire (Family Guy: Glenn Quagmire) 1138 01:00:12,208 --> 01:00:13,888 I don't do Quagmires. 1139 01:00:13,919 --> 01:00:16,967 A guy I know, his an counter-insurgency expert. 1140 01:00:17,326 --> 01:00:20,897 He was at the palace where the CPA is headquartered... 1141 01:00:21,117 --> 01:00:23,251 and he was talking to an army colonel... 1142 01:00:23,252 --> 01:00:25,467 whos desk was right outside Bremers office. 1143 01:00:25,498 --> 01:00:28,537 And he said...he used the word insurgency... 1144 01:00:29,131 --> 01:00:34,049 And the army colonel held up his hand and said "There is no insugency in Iraq". 1145 01:00:34,338 --> 01:00:37,458 "There is a high level of domestic violence". 1146 01:00:37,767 --> 01:00:39,301 The security problem... 1147 01:00:39,309 --> 01:00:43,646 increasingly prohibited our ability to do our job. 1148 01:00:43,720 --> 01:00:47,755 I had hoped... to... establish some... 1149 01:00:48,106 --> 01:00:50,309 neighborhood advisory councils 1150 01:00:50,434 --> 01:00:51,750 These three rejected generals... 1151 01:00:51,765 --> 01:00:54,790 gave probably the most coherent... 1152 01:00:54,830 --> 01:00:58,866 briefing on the structure and organization of a... 1153 01:00:59,014 --> 01:01:02,199 1500 year old city, that I think anyone could have gotten... 1154 01:01:02,285 --> 01:01:04,246 One of them launched.. 1155 01:01:04,309 --> 01:01:07,942 into... this... plan for 1156 01:01:08,334 --> 01:01:10,269 neighborhood advisory groups. 1157 01:01:10,402 --> 01:01:15,726 He had this whole grass roots bottom-up democratization... 1158 01:01:15,820 --> 01:01:17,085 thing nailed. 1159 01:01:17,109 --> 01:01:20,843 - It was an absolutely beautiful plan. - What happened to it? 1160 01:01:21,010 --> 01:01:22,210 He was assassinated! 1161 01:01:22,211 --> 01:01:24,146 The country was slipping more and more out of control 1162 01:01:24,155 --> 01:01:26,853 the entire time, and I think in some ways... 1163 01:01:26,861 --> 01:01:28,776 Bremer and his aides didn't know... 1164 01:01:28,785 --> 01:01:33,344 how bad things were getting outside the... blast walls. 1165 01:01:33,690 --> 01:01:37,650 THE PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY OF THE COALITION 1166 01:01:42,345 --> 01:01:45,300 Headquartered in Saddam's former Republican Palace... 1167 01:01:45,309 --> 01:01:48,486 the CPA compound called the Green Zone... 1168 01:01:48,540 --> 01:01:51,663 was shielded by 7 miles of blast walls. 1169 01:01:53,179 --> 01:01:57,033 There were huge lines of Iraqis,... engineers, public officials... 1170 01:01:58,142 --> 01:02:00,225 People just wanted to help, to translate... 1171 01:02:00,342 --> 01:02:03,318 standing in line at the gates of the palace 1172 01:02:03,412 --> 01:02:06,116 Made to wait and not been reached by anyone. 1173 01:02:06,303 --> 01:02:08,662 Just told "go away", don't come back. 1174 01:02:08,740 --> 01:02:10,858 These people came there and tried once and two times 1175 01:02:10,860 --> 01:02:12,171 and three times and then they gave up. 1176 01:02:12,189 --> 01:02:13,976 I absolutely hated the Green Zone. 1177 01:02:14,022 --> 01:02:16,831 I got out every chanse I could to meet with the Iraqis... 1178 01:02:16,833 --> 01:02:20,132 and sit in their homes and hear their complaints and their thoughts. 1179 01:02:20,180 --> 01:02:22,329 And I would come back and tell Dan Senor 1180 01:02:22,376 --> 01:02:25,707 "You have a problem", you are not communicating to the Iraqis. 1181 01:02:25,962 --> 01:02:29,889 Dan Senor, who was Bremer's press spokesman, speaks no Arabic. 1182 01:02:30,038 --> 01:02:34,150 Virtually nobody in the CPA and in the senior engineer level, spoke Arabic. 1183 01:02:34,346 --> 01:02:36,830 On a count maby five or six... 1184 01:02:36,900 --> 01:02:40,789 among the top... 40, 50 or 70 officials. 1185 01:02:40,790 --> 01:02:44,292 We had regional experts that had served in Iraq. 1186 01:02:44,634 --> 01:02:47,094 But as has been documented, many of them, 1187 01:02:47,104 --> 01:02:49,909 where not involved in the initial parts... 1188 01:02:50,018 --> 01:02:53,182 after the invasion of Iraq and the initial occupation... 1189 01:02:53,361 --> 01:02:55,069 so that expertise was lost. 1190 01:02:55,071 --> 01:02:57,854 Tell us how your time there ended. 1191 01:02:59,114 --> 01:03:01,512 I understand... the sensitive of the subject. 1192 01:03:01,571 --> 01:03:03,869 Say what you're comfortable saying 1193 01:03:05,672 --> 01:03:09,942 I would say that it ended much sooner then I had anticipated... 1194 01:03:09,952 --> 01:03:14,599 and it ended much sooner than I would have wanted. 1195 01:03:15,310 --> 01:03:17,981 I really would have liked to have stayed and tried to 1196 01:03:18,152 --> 01:03:20,828 giving the frustrations and the limitations... 1197 01:03:20,830 --> 01:03:24,332 it was still a very... worthwhile... place to be, 1198 01:03:24,333 --> 01:03:26,568 and a worthwhile thing to be trying to do 1199 01:03:26,569 --> 01:03:28,001 Do you know why she was fired? 1200 01:03:28,994 --> 01:03:32,775 - I know why, I was told. - What was it? 1201 01:03:32,876 --> 01:03:35,266 That she was difficult to get along with, and she... 1202 01:03:35,462 --> 01:03:37,516 was offering... opinions... 1203 01:03:37,524 --> 01:03:39,977 that would counter the prevailing wisdom in Baghdad at the time 1204 01:03:40,009 --> 01:03:41,759 We were getting... 1205 01:03:42,009 --> 01:03:45,051 new people in, after Bremer showed up. 1206 01:03:46,114 --> 01:03:49,169 Kids,... right out of college,... you know? 1207 01:03:49,520 --> 01:03:51,339 They have a baccalaureate degree 1208 01:03:51,355 --> 01:03:54,342 just got it before the previous spring. 1209 01:03:54,748 --> 01:03:57,488 Daddy made a contribution to the campaign 1210 01:03:57,678 --> 01:04:02,763 so the kid gets a chance to go over and experience some fun travel and adventure 1211 01:04:04,613 --> 01:04:06,380 Pretty boys that's what I call them 1212 01:04:06,489 --> 01:04:09,961 They sat around Bremmer's front door and did nothing 1213 01:04:10,216 --> 01:04:13,685 During the course my time and in the Green Zone 1214 01:04:13,715 --> 01:04:15,883 when I was in the palace I bumped into one of my students 1215 01:04:15,885 --> 01:04:17,350 just graduated. 1216 01:04:17,420 --> 01:04:20,455 I asked her what she was doing and... she said well I... 1217 01:04:20,456 --> 01:04:21,911 She couldn't belive her luck. 1218 01:04:21,942 --> 01:04:23,692 "I'm being asked to..." 1219 01:04:23,738 --> 01:04:26,335 "do the traffic plan for the city". 1220 01:04:26,552 --> 01:04:29,764 And I... asked her if she had any training in municipal planning... 1221 01:04:29,765 --> 01:04:31,427 and she said no. 1222 01:04:33,208 --> 01:04:35,470 So she fresh out of school 1223 01:04:35,486 --> 01:04:39,672 and had been put in charge of something quite complicated...to say the least 1224 01:04:39,734 --> 01:04:42,797 And beeing out in Baghdad traffic, the need was apparent. 1225 01:04:42,912 --> 01:04:46,181 Most officials there, where on three month... contracts. 1226 01:04:46,273 --> 01:04:50,148 As soon as somebody would develop the apropiate relationships with the Iraqis 1227 01:04:50,273 --> 01:04:54,556 in 90 days,... 100 days, 120 days, they'd go home.. 1228 01:04:54,658 --> 01:04:56,158 And that... 1229 01:04:56,273 --> 01:04:58,978 is a terrible way to run an organization 1230 01:04:59,212 --> 01:05:02,564 There was a very strong... preference... 1231 01:05:02,586 --> 01:05:04,698 on the ... by the Pentagon... 1232 01:05:04,700 --> 01:05:08,270 to have American... companies doing the work. 1233 01:05:08,478 --> 01:05:12,837 And there are numerous instances where local Iraqi contractors 1234 01:05:12,884 --> 01:05:14,993 proposed that they could do pieces of work 1235 01:05:15,057 --> 01:05:17,292 for much much less than infact... 1236 01:05:17,379 --> 01:05:19,883 the American contractors could have done 1237 01:05:20,048 --> 01:05:22,050 Ann and I had a different approach to our work... 1238 01:05:22,051 --> 01:05:24,419 than many coalition units have. 1239 01:05:24,420 --> 01:05:27,421 Because we worked very very closely with the Iraqis. 1240 01:05:27,485 --> 01:05:32,415 If we're sitting in a meeting it was Americans... and Iraqis 1241 01:05:32,430 --> 01:05:35,153 and the Iraqis had just as much say as we did 1242 01:05:35,216 --> 01:05:37,981 We were building border forts right next to forts being put up 1243 01:05:38,002 --> 01:05:39,473 by the Army Corps of Engineers 1244 01:05:39,489 --> 01:05:42,150 to that big American contractor Parsons. 1245 01:05:42,356 --> 01:05:45,009 I mean, we had our forts designed, build and dedicated 1246 01:05:45,041 --> 01:05:47,074 in a period of about five months. 1247 01:05:47,209 --> 01:05:49,010 I think we left the Parsons forts 1248 01:05:49,011 --> 01:05:51,279 which had been started maybe a year before we arrived 1249 01:05:51,280 --> 01:05:52,854 we're still not finished. 1250 01:05:52,903 --> 01:05:58,988 Seth Moulton and Ann Gildroy's border forts cost $200.000. Parson's cost $1,200,000. 1251 01:05:59,362 --> 01:06:02,807 The military officers would often be out in the field, 1252 01:06:03,003 --> 01:06:06,361 expanding the small amount of funds that they had, 1253 01:06:06,363 --> 01:06:10,473 for immediate action to, say, clean up street... 1254 01:06:10,599 --> 01:06:14,536 effect some temporary improvements in the sewage system... 1255 01:06:14,537 --> 01:06:18,230 Once a military had expended it's small amount of money to do that 1256 01:06:18,266 --> 01:06:19,933 it would come back to CPA. 1257 01:06:19,942 --> 01:06:21,902 "We need this, this and this" 1258 01:06:21,963 --> 01:06:24,942 "for these projects, and it's gonna cost as much and so forth". 1259 01:06:24,967 --> 01:06:29,081 And... it would disappear... it would simply disappear. 1260 01:06:29,185 --> 01:06:31,723 - "What happened to my request?" - Oh, "what request?" 1261 01:06:32,497 --> 01:06:35,028 And this happened over and over again. 1262 01:06:35,164 --> 01:06:40,936 $18 billion (i.e $18,000 million) in reconstruction money was made available on October 1, 2003. 1263 01:06:41,145 --> 01:06:44,755 This $18 billion that was commited by the Congress... 1264 01:06:45,599 --> 01:06:50,122 was really misconceived and misspent, if it was spent at all? 1265 01:06:50,139 --> 01:06:53,333 We expect to produce enough electricity for all Iraqis 1266 01:06:53,395 --> 01:06:56,431 to have electrical service 24 hours daily. 1267 01:06:56,479 --> 01:07:00,270 Something essential to their hopes for the future 1268 01:07:00,333 --> 01:07:05,220 There was fraud, there was corruption, there was waste. 1269 01:07:05,222 --> 01:07:09,529 One year later, only $1 billion had actually been spent. 1270 01:07:09,658 --> 01:07:12,419 The ordinary people have their electricity... 1271 01:07:12,455 --> 01:07:15,004 only for two or three hours a day. 1272 01:07:15,084 --> 01:07:19,190 Water comes every, like now and then, every two or three days. 1273 01:07:19,261 --> 01:07:22,315 We spent the winter shivering, covered in blankets... 1274 01:07:22,400 --> 01:07:27,241 because we didn't have enough fuel to operate the heaters. 1275 01:07:27,401 --> 01:07:30,676 That's, that's....that's the life we live. 1276 01:07:45,394 --> 01:07:47,062 In May, 2003... 1277 01:07:47,063 --> 01:07:49,230 the United Nations sent its best expert... 1278 01:07:49,231 --> 01:07:52,667 in postwar reconstruction to help the USA occupation. 1279 01:07:52,722 --> 01:07:56,331 He was a Brazilian diplomat named Sergio Vieira de Mello. 1280 01:07:56,383 --> 01:07:59,487 Even though the UN was given nothing meaningful to do 1281 01:07:59,575 --> 01:08:01,854 Kofi (Annan) announced "Let me send my best." 1282 01:08:01,933 --> 01:08:05,442 "If anybody can... carv out a bigger role for the UN" 1283 01:08:05,504 --> 01:08:07,448 "it's my guy, it's Sergio Vieira de Mello". 1284 01:08:07,457 --> 01:08:10,115 You know I was part of his team, you know I was his... 1285 01:08:10,364 --> 01:08:12,920 principal political adviser, you know, at that time... 1286 01:08:12,922 --> 01:08:14,973 and went together to Baghdad. 1287 01:08:15,128 --> 01:08:17,964 Our political team were all Arabic speakers... 1288 01:08:18,030 --> 01:08:22,110 and with good experience, working in the region and so on. 1289 01:08:22,191 --> 01:08:25,845 One of the things that Sergio did, that is very very poignant in retrospect, is that... 1290 01:08:25,932 --> 01:08:29,065 seeing that the USA had boarded itself up 1291 01:08:29,127 --> 01:08:34,306 in the Green Zone... and... was not accessing the Iraqi Street. 1292 01:08:34,461 --> 01:08:36,643 Sergio created a structure in Iraq... 1293 01:08:36,645 --> 01:08:38,650 that was precisely the opposite to the Green Zone. 1294 01:08:38,657 --> 01:08:40,141 You may call it the anti Green Zone. 1295 01:08:40,149 --> 01:08:43,851 I'm listening, I'm listening to political... leaders... 1296 01:08:43,853 --> 01:08:46,588 you know I'll be meeting with them on a daily basis 1297 01:08:46,589 --> 01:08:49,257 We had various discussions with these military 1298 01:08:49,287 --> 01:08:51,071 who came to the UN 1299 01:08:51,258 --> 01:08:53,661 and met with Sergio Vieira de Mello... 1300 01:08:53,743 --> 01:08:55,868 and ask him, you know, to mediate 1301 01:08:55,891 --> 01:08:59,100 in the dispute that they have with the CPA. 1302 01:08:59,101 --> 01:09:01,369 You had this long long lines right outside the Green Zone... 1303 01:09:01,370 --> 01:09:03,771 but they could not make their complaints felt. 1304 01:09:03,780 --> 01:09:07,550 In the UN compound, by contrast, it was incredibly porous 1305 01:09:07,675 --> 01:09:11,456 If you wanted to complain, the UN was very very eager to hear your complaint 1306 01:09:11,487 --> 01:09:13,302 and Sergio saw this his role 1307 01:09:13,354 --> 01:09:15,847 to relate those complaints to Bremmer, at the highest levels 1308 01:09:15,849 --> 01:09:18,043 in hopes that somebody saw these things get tended to... 1309 01:09:18,045 --> 01:09:20,321 before insurgency took root. 1310 01:09:20,322 --> 01:09:22,924 I'm meeting with him regularly 1311 01:09:22,925 --> 01:09:26,194 and sharing my advice and my experience with him.. 1312 01:09:26,195 --> 01:09:29,230 As soon as Bremer had made use of Sergio, 1313 01:09:29,231 --> 01:09:31,071 had made use of the UN 1314 01:09:31,360 --> 01:09:34,002 he had almost no time for the UN. 1315 01:09:34,003 --> 01:09:35,570 And so what Sergio lived through, 1316 01:09:35,571 --> 01:09:38,473 was two months, of in effect, being used, 1317 01:09:38,474 --> 01:09:41,696 as a vehicle to get to certain segments in Iraqi society 1318 01:09:41,743 --> 01:09:43,211 and the for his last month... 1319 01:09:43,219 --> 01:09:45,750 what he endured was not having his phone calls returned 1320 01:09:45,786 --> 01:09:48,054 and so on issues like detention policy 1321 01:09:48,598 --> 01:09:52,090 hoodings was one of the issues that Sergio raised again and again, with... 1322 01:09:52,284 --> 01:09:54,279 Bremer and with general Sánchez. 1323 01:09:54,290 --> 01:09:57,094 The hoodings of prisoners, Bremer would hear non of it. 1324 01:10:06,056 --> 01:10:10,572 Be three or four crucial months after the fall of Baghdad... 1325 01:10:10,618 --> 01:10:14,501 the two main things the US military was doing on the ground, were... 1326 01:10:14,594 --> 01:10:18,634 looking for WMD supplies and looking for Saddam Hussein 1327 01:10:18,712 --> 01:10:21,076 The process of those searches... 1328 01:10:21,290 --> 01:10:23,218 busting in the doors at night... 1329 01:10:23,219 --> 01:10:25,887 rounding up people, taking them to Abu Ghraib... 1330 01:10:25,888 --> 01:10:30,584 having mass arrests, had really an bittering effect. 1331 01:10:54,182 --> 01:10:56,683 If you happen to be a military aged Iraqi 1332 01:10:56,685 --> 01:10:59,787 in an area of operation where the American military went into 1333 01:10:59,788 --> 01:11:01,689 there's a good chance you gonna be arrested 1334 01:11:01,697 --> 01:11:05,430 or interned as a suspected insurgent. 1335 01:11:05,494 --> 01:11:08,930 Just have been a military aged man and in that area of operation. 1336 01:11:09,001 --> 01:11:10,898 In many occasions, you take the 1337 01:11:10,899 --> 01:11:13,642 Iraqi man in military age out of his family... 1338 01:11:13,822 --> 01:11:15,160 you're taking the breadwinner. 1339 01:11:15,203 --> 01:11:17,808 I have no one left, I swear on Muhammad's life 1340 01:11:17,836 --> 01:11:20,642 he has done nothing wrong. 1341 01:11:20,651 --> 01:11:23,094 Oh my son, Amer! 1342 01:11:25,085 --> 01:11:28,138 You anger not just him but you anger an extended family. 1343 01:11:28,365 --> 01:11:31,615 Because he's probably supporting more than his immediate family. 1344 01:11:35,185 --> 01:11:38,240 Whenever they hear the American helicopters 1345 01:11:38,349 --> 01:11:40,850 or American tanks driving in their street 1346 01:11:40,990 --> 01:11:43,075 they immediately wake up... 1347 01:11:43,247 --> 01:11:45,500 even if it's like two o'clock in the morning... 1348 01:11:45,501 --> 01:11:48,536 and prepare themselves for the detention. 1349 01:11:48,857 --> 01:11:53,403 Because for them, this is a usual thing happening, even now! 1350 01:11:54,089 --> 01:11:58,226 There were attacks on... the American soldiers themselves... 1351 01:11:58,314 --> 01:12:00,207 and so they responded those attacks. 1352 01:12:00,221 --> 01:12:02,786 by going out and trying to find the insurgents. 1353 01:12:02,928 --> 01:12:04,933 And in going out to find the insurgents 1354 01:12:04,964 --> 01:12:08,435 they sometimes, arrested the wrong person, 1355 01:12:09,092 --> 01:12:12,177 they even sometimes, killed the wrong person. 1356 01:12:12,296 --> 01:12:14,964 Once people were arrested, they tended to disappear... 1357 01:12:14,997 --> 01:12:18,401 in the American military prison system 1358 01:12:18,455 --> 01:12:20,268 for a long time without a trace 1359 01:12:20,292 --> 01:12:22,183 Their families couldn't get any word from them. 1360 01:12:22,248 --> 01:12:28,315 The U.S. military does not disclose the number of Iraqis arrested or detained in Iraq since 2003. 1361 01:12:28,388 --> 01:12:31,800 It is difficult... to understand what it feels like to an occupied person. 1362 01:12:31,813 --> 01:12:33,547 They point a gun on you from their jeeps. 1363 01:12:33,549 --> 01:12:35,083 They stop you when your driving. 1364 01:12:35,084 --> 01:12:37,089 The Iraqis would not understand... 1365 01:12:37,103 --> 01:12:39,578 instructions given to them at traffic check points. 1366 01:12:39,610 --> 01:12:42,126 Were they approaching to quickly, they would get shot and killed. 1367 01:12:42,245 --> 01:12:44,456 Mostly American units that I spent time with 1368 01:12:44,526 --> 01:12:46,980 tried very very hard to always do the right thing 1369 01:12:46,982 --> 01:12:49,412 and to not kill anyone or injur anyone they haven't 1370 01:12:49,464 --> 01:12:51,834 intended to or needed to. 1371 01:12:51,900 --> 01:12:55,069 But there is no question that the wars are messy... 1372 01:12:55,070 --> 01:12:57,105 and, this one in Iraq... 1373 01:12:57,106 --> 01:12:59,259 with the way the insurgency is being waged 1374 01:12:59,302 --> 01:13:00,642 is particularly so. 1375 01:13:00,712 --> 01:13:04,165 One after another you have these short term decisions 1376 01:13:04,189 --> 01:13:06,970 which by the end of 2003... 1377 01:13:07,095 --> 01:13:10,417 ment you had a country with an insurgency underway. 1378 01:13:11,078 --> 01:13:16,517 UN HEADQUARTERS BAGHDAD AUGUST 19, 2003 1379 01:13:24,566 --> 01:13:29,818 On August 19, 2003, a massive bomb destroyed the UN headquarters in Baghdad, killing 22 people 1380 01:13:30,005 --> 01:13:35,173 Among those killed, the UN's chief envoy to Iraq, Sergio Vieira de Mello. 1381 01:13:54,219 --> 01:13:55,653 A Russian made truck... 1382 01:13:55,701 --> 01:13:59,571 pulled up right outside Sergio Vieira de Mello window 1383 01:13:59,645 --> 01:14:00,957 and set off... 1384 01:14:00,959 --> 01:14:03,104 just a huge amount of explosives. 1385 01:14:03,105 --> 01:14:07,131 The entire southwestern corner at the UN building collapsed. 1386 01:14:07,171 --> 01:14:09,397 Sergio was under the rubble and alive 1387 01:14:09,444 --> 01:14:12,530 for more than three hours awaiting rescue. 1388 01:14:12,549 --> 01:14:15,428 We lost many colleagues.... you know, in that moment. 1389 01:14:15,462 --> 01:14:19,030 And I think it was the sign that something dramatic... 1390 01:14:19,124 --> 01:14:22,190 had happened in the country and the insurgency had become... 1391 01:14:22,302 --> 01:14:24,003 very lethal and full fledged... 1392 01:14:24,059 --> 01:14:26,919 ready for a long struggle and long fight... 1393 01:14:26,958 --> 01:14:30,055 you know, with the... coalition forces. 1394 01:14:33,001 --> 01:14:36,070 In 2004, the relation between the army... 1395 01:14:36,071 --> 01:14:39,223 and the Iraqi people had grown toxic. 1396 01:14:41,097 --> 01:14:45,075 Allright, this is the corner where liitle kids throw rocks at us 1397 01:14:48,183 --> 01:14:49,935 God damn! 1398 01:14:52,386 --> 01:14:56,422 - Right here! - But we can't use deadly force. 1399 01:14:56,525 --> 01:14:58,092 We can't use deadly force. 1400 01:14:58,093 --> 01:14:59,321 Fuck you1 1401 01:14:59,895 --> 01:15:02,460 Fuck you! Your little shit! 1402 01:15:02,713 --> 01:15:06,951 You see...all these civilians who come over to work for 1403 01:15:07,402 --> 01:15:09,436 for the private contractors, who are... 1404 01:15:09,467 --> 01:15:11,944 doing so much to the work with the reconstruction 1405 01:15:12,014 --> 01:15:14,137 because we don't have enough troops 1406 01:15:14,343 --> 01:15:20,692 There are more than 45.000 private military contractors in Iraq, more than in any war in U.S history. 1407 01:15:29,891 --> 01:15:32,660 I have seen an awful lot of of civil contractors... 1408 01:15:32,662 --> 01:15:37,065 who have been... particulary violent...and.... 1409 01:15:37,485 --> 01:15:39,834 very short sighted in terms of what they're doing. 1410 01:15:39,835 --> 01:15:43,451 What follows is a home movie made by a private military contractor in Iraq. 1411 01:15:43,474 --> 01:15:45,236 The music is in the original. 1412 01:16:43,572 --> 01:16:45,901 Did he already fight the americans? 1413 01:16:51,772 --> 01:16:54,041 By early 2004, Faluya... 1414 01:16:54,042 --> 01:16:57,545 a city of 350.000 people west of Baghdad... 1415 01:16:57,546 --> 01:17:01,582 had become the center of the Suni insurgency. 1416 01:17:05,195 --> 01:17:07,758 On March 31, 2004... 1417 01:17:07,930 --> 01:17:10,820 four american military contractors were killed... 1418 01:17:10,859 --> 01:17:13,294 and their bodies were dragged thru the streets of Faluya. 1419 01:17:13,295 --> 01:17:15,487 by cheering crowds. 1420 01:17:19,104 --> 01:17:21,202 Beginning in early 2004... 1421 01:17:21,203 --> 01:17:23,203 the National Intelligence Council (NIC)... 1422 01:17:23,209 --> 01:17:24,938 a powerful 12 person committee... 1423 01:17:24,940 --> 01:17:27,953 that sits on top of americas intelligence community... 1424 01:17:28,039 --> 01:17:31,178 Conducted several assesments of the growing insurgency... 1425 01:17:31,179 --> 01:17:32,992 which they presented to the White House... 1426 01:17:33,001 --> 01:17:35,402 and senior administration officials. 1427 01:17:35,450 --> 01:17:39,086 Well, we were chronicling... what was a deepening insurgency. 1428 01:17:39,087 --> 01:17:42,223 It was broadning and was not limited to foreign fighters... 1429 01:17:42,224 --> 01:17:44,659 or...dissaffected baath-ists. 1430 01:17:44,660 --> 01:17:46,994 What we... call a the insurgency... 1431 01:17:46,995 --> 01:17:50,138 really is a multy-faceted deeply-rooted thing. 1432 01:17:50,904 --> 01:17:52,841 It's not just a few baath-ists dead-enders... 1433 01:17:52,857 --> 01:17:56,568 not just a few extremists from oversea... 1434 01:17:56,990 --> 01:18:00,875 but rather reflected multiple motivations... 1435 01:18:00,876 --> 01:18:03,647 and frustrations among the Iraqi people themselves. 1436 01:18:03,701 --> 01:18:07,415 Has...the economic situation was deteriorating... 1437 01:18:07,416 --> 01:18:11,987 Has peoples personal security was becoming weaker... 1438 01:18:12,135 --> 01:18:16,463 and as resentment of the American occupation was growing. 1439 01:18:16,619 --> 01:18:19,460 The CIA... 1440 01:18:19,769 --> 01:18:21,929 laid out a... 1441 01:18:22,129 --> 01:18:24,799 several scenarios. 1442 01:18:24,800 --> 01:18:28,497 it said... life could be lousy, life could be okey... 1443 01:18:28,872 --> 01:18:30,106 life could be better. 1444 01:18:30,184 --> 01:18:32,083 The president hadn't read it... 1445 01:18:32,138 --> 01:18:35,109 not even the one page summary over which we worked so hard 1446 01:18:35,110 --> 01:18:38,446 to reduce the findings to a single readable page. 1447 01:18:38,575 --> 01:18:41,559 - President did not read even the executive summary? - Correct. 1448 01:18:41,583 --> 01:18:46,053 And they were just a... 1449 01:18:46,054 --> 01:18:48,222 guessing as what the conditions might be like. 1450 01:18:48,326 --> 01:18:51,529 What's your estimate of the number of people in Iraq who... 1451 01:18:51,851 --> 01:18:55,954 have been active at some level in the insurgency? 1452 01:18:56,198 --> 01:18:59,500 Active in some level... if you say supporting 1453 01:18:59,501 --> 01:19:01,702 providing safe haven to... 1454 01:19:01,771 --> 01:19:04,740 potentially... well over 100,000 people. 1455 01:19:18,698 --> 01:19:21,355 Despite the intensification of the insurgency... 1456 01:19:21,479 --> 01:19:23,924 there were still not sufficient armored vehicles... 1457 01:19:23,925 --> 01:19:25,844 for american soldiers in Iraq. 1458 01:19:25,923 --> 01:19:27,428 We never had a single armored Humvee 1459 01:19:27,429 --> 01:19:30,329 while we were in Iraq throughout 2003. 1460 01:19:30,493 --> 01:19:33,477 We... went to Iraq in 2004 with 1461 01:19:33,548 --> 01:19:35,002 unarmored Humvee's. 1462 01:19:35,003 --> 01:19:38,665 and they were giving armored kits in Kuwait. 1463 01:19:38,791 --> 01:19:41,860 Which were just sort of cut out doors with no windows, 1464 01:19:42,727 --> 01:19:45,579 and a bullet proof windshield and... that's about it. 1465 01:19:45,580 --> 01:19:48,407 If your Humvee hadn't been armored 1466 01:19:48,578 --> 01:19:51,186 what do you think the damage for that idea had been? 1467 01:19:51,219 --> 01:19:52,812 I think it would've been deadly. 1468 01:19:52,833 --> 01:19:56,179 Why do we soldiers have to dig through local landfills 1469 01:19:56,242 --> 01:19:57,880 for pieces of scrap metal... 1470 01:19:57,919 --> 01:20:00,668 and compromized ballistic glass stuff from our armored vehicles 1471 01:20:00,678 --> 01:20:04,515 and why don't we have those resources readyly available to us? 1472 01:20:10,027 --> 01:20:13,973 It is essentially a matter of physics, it isn't a matter of money 1473 01:20:13,975 --> 01:20:17,227 It isn't a matter on the part of the army, of desire... 1474 01:20:17,435 --> 01:20:21,398 it's a matter of production and capability of doing it. 1475 01:20:21,485 --> 01:20:25,032 We have automobil plants closing down in America 1476 01:20:25,376 --> 01:20:26,954 You know...I mean I... 1477 01:20:26,977 --> 01:20:29,274 I am not a factory expert... 1478 01:20:29,313 --> 01:20:31,725 just retool them to produce some armored Humvees 1479 01:20:31,726 --> 01:20:33,027 it should be that difficult. 1480 01:20:33,042 --> 01:20:35,483 You go to the war with the army that you have... 1481 01:20:35,597 --> 01:20:40,031 and the h"army you might want or wish you have at a later time. 1482 01:20:40,468 --> 01:20:44,505 THINGS FALL APART 1483 01:20:44,656 --> 01:20:48,963 In November, 2004, the Pentagon decided to attack Faluya... 1484 01:20:49,049 --> 01:20:52,818 in an attempt to recapture the city from the suní insurgency. 1485 01:20:52,987 --> 01:20:57,314 Faluyas 350.000 residence were warned to leave. 1486 01:21:05,193 --> 01:21:07,995 The battle destroyed 70 % of the city... 1487 01:21:07,996 --> 01:21:11,265 and renders 150.000 people homeless. 1488 01:21:11,266 --> 01:21:14,668 Despite intense combats,... many insurgents escape. 1489 01:21:14,795 --> 01:21:17,237 40 marines were killed. 1490 01:21:18,673 --> 01:21:21,630 While the US military was preoccupied with Faluya... 1491 01:21:21,720 --> 01:21:25,221 Shiít melitias were taking over southern Iraq. 1492 01:21:33,552 --> 01:21:38,833 There is nothing like an army or a... major ah...hm 1493 01:21:38,897 --> 01:21:41,032 large elements of hundreds of people 1494 01:21:41,096 --> 01:21:44,810 trying to overthrow or to change the situation. 1495 01:21:45,045 --> 01:21:46,709 In August, 2004... 1496 01:21:46,755 --> 01:21:49,928 the holy city of Nayaf is taken over by the Mahdi army... 1497 01:21:49,938 --> 01:21:53,701 The Shiít militia controlled... by Muqtada al-Sadr. 1498 01:21:54,670 --> 01:21:58,402 Seth's platoon found itself in combat with Muqtada al-Sadr's militia. 1499 01:21:58,613 --> 01:22:02,730 Essentially that turnover we got from the army unit that we replaced, was... 1500 01:22:02,817 --> 01:22:07,378 that...most things in Nayaf...were pretty peacful. 1501 01:22:07,792 --> 01:22:10,057 Except there's a 3.000 men militia force... 1502 01:22:10,058 --> 01:22:12,698 that occupies the center of the city. 1503 01:22:14,195 --> 01:22:16,697 A lot of rounds flying, a lot of mortars landing. 1504 01:22:16,698 --> 01:22:20,067 My platoon was the first into the police station. 1505 01:22:20,068 --> 01:22:23,904 We just...took our positions alongside the Iraqi police. 1506 01:22:23,905 --> 01:22:25,940 and... defended them from the militia. 1507 01:22:25,941 --> 01:22:27,675 But it wasn't until the end of August... 1508 01:22:27,676 --> 01:22:30,151 that we did a full scale assault... 1509 01:22:30,275 --> 01:22:32,909 on the old city of Nayaf... and took it over. 1510 01:22:32,988 --> 01:22:37,712 Muqtada al-Sadr was allowed to escape unharmed. 1511 01:22:37,819 --> 01:22:40,554 If democracy can not provide for the Iraqi people... 1512 01:22:40,635 --> 01:22:42,823 People will say... "To Hell with the democracy". 1513 01:22:42,908 --> 01:22:44,425 "We need a strong man". 1514 01:22:44,426 --> 01:22:46,427 And I can see the strong man already in the offing 1515 01:22:46,429 --> 01:22:48,330 his name is Muqtada al-Sadr 1516 01:22:48,447 --> 01:22:52,870 And I would say this is not a good choice for the future leader of Iraq. 1517 01:22:52,934 --> 01:22:55,803 Were you a part of... the liberations... 1518 01:22:55,804 --> 01:23:00,127 about wether to capture or kill Muqtada al-Sadr? 1519 01:23:00,220 --> 01:23:01,849 Yes, I was. 1520 01:23:01,932 --> 01:23:05,541 Had we seen Muqtada al-Sadr as a troublemaker and a thorn in the side... 1521 01:23:05,572 --> 01:23:07,803 Absolutely, and we wanted to arrest him. 1522 01:23:07,872 --> 01:23:10,917 It gets back in my view to the matter of troop strategy. 1523 01:23:10,932 --> 01:23:14,108 Yes, military didn't want to be deverted from their major mission. 1524 01:23:14,186 --> 01:23:16,995 To go after what would have been a... probaly short term 1525 01:23:17,010 --> 01:23:20,928 but difficult,... and I'm sure bloody...battle 1526 01:23:21,922 --> 01:23:24,664 and ultimately that's what went out. 1527 01:23:25,414 --> 01:23:29,570 After elections were held in Iraq, on December 15, 2005... 1528 01:23:29,571 --> 01:23:31,435 the United Iraqi Alliance... 1529 01:23:31,458 --> 01:23:34,710 of witch Muqtada al-Sadrs party is a major participant... 1530 01:23:34,743 --> 01:23:38,201 took nearly half the seats in Iraq central government. 1531 01:23:38,240 --> 01:23:40,775 It is not easy being a marine who someone, you know... 1532 01:23:40,815 --> 01:23:45,352 some of my buddys were killed by him and his... militia. 1533 01:23:45,353 --> 01:23:49,124 And now looking at Iraq and see him as a rising polititian. 1534 01:23:49,216 --> 01:23:50,874 That's frustrating. 1535 01:23:51,029 --> 01:23:54,264 Another shiít group within al-Sadr's alliance is SCIRI... 1536 01:23:54,310 --> 01:23:57,699 the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq. 1537 01:23:57,897 --> 01:24:00,733 SCIRI's leadership lived in Iran for 20 years. 1538 01:24:00,873 --> 01:24:02,583 and is frequently pro Iranian. 1539 01:24:02,655 --> 01:24:04,071 These two shiít groups... 1540 01:24:04,072 --> 01:24:07,007 which sometimes engage in armed combat with each other, 1541 01:24:07,240 --> 01:24:09,756 are poloticaly allied against suní groups. 1542 01:24:09,967 --> 01:24:12,108 Muqtada al-Sadr's Mahdi army... 1543 01:24:12,249 --> 01:24:15,181 continues to clash with US forces. 1544 01:24:15,353 --> 01:24:18,509 The level of activity that we see today from a military standpoint... 1545 01:24:18,511 --> 01:24:21,439 I think ,will clearly... decline, I think they'r in the... 1546 01:24:21,455 --> 01:24:23,830 in the last throws, if you will, in the insurgency. 1547 01:24:23,985 --> 01:24:28,830 When secretary... Rumsfeld and... vice-president Cheney... 1548 01:24:28,869 --> 01:24:34,174 made their comments about the insurgency dying out, being a few defenters etcetera 1549 01:24:34,208 --> 01:24:37,901 you knew that... the intelligence estimats... 1550 01:24:38,141 --> 01:24:41,175 already indicated that they were wrong. 1551 01:24:41,191 --> 01:24:43,422 It had been to Iraq 8 times... 1552 01:24:43,462 --> 01:24:45,774 I knew what the facts on the ground were. 1553 01:24:46,141 --> 01:24:49,703 They will have to speak and they will be judged by their own words and actions.... 1554 01:24:49,757 --> 01:24:51,852 but I knew what the facts were. 1555 01:24:51,875 --> 01:24:56,964 Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld refused to be interviewed for this film. 1556 01:24:57,383 --> 01:25:00,805 Starting in 2005,... the administration slowly began 1557 01:25:00,821 --> 01:25:02,624 to correct some of its mistakes. 1558 01:25:03,391 --> 01:25:05,532 It accelerated training of the Iraqi army... 1559 01:25:05,774 --> 01:25:07,401 and apointed a Moslem diplomat... 1560 01:25:07,402 --> 01:25:10,136 Zalmay Khalilzad, as ambassador. 1561 01:25:10,618 --> 01:25:12,399 In June, 2006... 1562 01:25:12,477 --> 01:25:15,008 ambassador Khalilzad sent an ominous cable 1563 01:25:15,016 --> 01:25:16,561 to Condoleezza Rice. 1564 01:25:16,711 --> 01:25:18,522 Iraqis working for the embassy... 1565 01:25:18,552 --> 01:25:20,390 could not tell their families where they worked... 1566 01:25:20,415 --> 01:25:22,449 for fear of being killed. 1567 01:25:22,598 --> 01:25:25,512 They asked what will happen if the Americans evacuate. 1568 01:25:25,676 --> 01:25:28,996 Many planed ahead for their own abduction. 1569 01:25:29,354 --> 01:25:30,541 Six months later... 1570 01:25:30,543 --> 01:25:33,659 the day after republicans loose control of Congress... 1571 01:25:33,746 --> 01:25:37,297 president Bush announces Donald Rumsfeld's resignation. 1572 01:25:37,299 --> 01:25:40,064 The new secretary of Defense, Robert Gates... 1573 01:25:40,079 --> 01:25:42,868 he's a pragmatist who had been privately critical of the war . 1574 01:25:42,993 --> 01:25:46,243 I am making a change... at the Secretariat of Defense... 1575 01:25:46,249 --> 01:25:48,815 to bring a fresh perspective as to how to achive something 1576 01:25:48,826 --> 01:25:51,210 I think most Americans want, which is a victory. 1577 01:25:51,479 --> 01:25:55,880 THE CHAOS 1578 01:26:06,872 --> 01:26:08,862 By the time Rumsfeld is replaced... 1579 01:26:08,989 --> 01:26:10,864 Iraq is out of control. 1580 01:26:11,033 --> 01:26:13,634 The country increasingly dominated by militias... 1581 01:26:13,635 --> 01:26:16,611 insurgents, criminals and Warlords. 1582 01:26:16,657 --> 01:26:19,541 The mixed areas are purged by ethnic cleansing. 1583 01:26:19,646 --> 01:26:22,015 Shiít militias have infiltrated the police... 1584 01:26:22,092 --> 01:26:24,360 using them for sectarian killings. 1585 01:26:24,657 --> 01:26:28,994 Kidnappings and violent deaths, have reached several hundred per day. 1586 01:26:30,025 --> 01:26:32,052 They kidnapped them from the market... 1587 01:26:32,053 --> 01:26:33,387 and they executed them. 1588 01:26:33,388 --> 01:26:35,283 They executed them for being Suníes. 1589 01:26:35,291 --> 01:26:37,124 There are so many kinds of militia. 1590 01:26:37,125 --> 01:26:38,939 You have the Mahdi militia... 1591 01:26:38,970 --> 01:26:40,635 you have the Badr militia... 1592 01:26:40,657 --> 01:26:42,924 you have many militias in this country. 1593 01:26:43,200 --> 01:26:47,507 And they all are very democratic and... 1594 01:26:47,593 --> 01:26:49,242 arresting people... 1595 01:26:49,514 --> 01:26:50,748 and killing them. 1596 01:26:50,764 --> 01:26:53,839 Secuirity is...terrible, and in many neighborhoods... 1597 01:26:53,841 --> 01:26:57,614 where the ever present threat of cars bombs and IED's (home made explosives). 1598 01:26:57,944 --> 01:26:59,858 A car bomb went off over there. 1599 01:26:59,886 --> 01:27:02,349 I was here, my father here and my brother there. 1600 01:27:02,350 --> 01:27:04,511 My brother was killed in the blast. 1601 01:27:04,628 --> 01:27:06,615 And all the people around him were killed. 1602 01:27:06,654 --> 01:27:10,630 Cars bombs, IED's, kidnappings... 1603 01:27:10,685 --> 01:27:12,982 There are a lot of ways to die. 1604 01:27:13,083 --> 01:27:16,897 Kidnappings especially, sheer money-making gangster stuff. 1605 01:27:16,995 --> 01:27:20,401 Kidnapping of a small boy right in front of the hotel. 1606 01:27:20,420 --> 01:27:23,080 You know, a car just stoped, grabbed the boy and drove off. 1607 01:27:23,127 --> 01:27:26,451 Parents will get a ransome note, and somehow have to raise this amount of money in a week. 1608 01:27:26,490 --> 01:27:30,178 It's not were you just have 1 or 2 or 3 kidnappings, but you have hundreds... 1609 01:27:30,256 --> 01:27:31,878 and you get overwhelmed. 1610 01:27:31,879 --> 01:27:33,732 Where were they kidnapped? 1611 01:27:33,763 --> 01:27:37,589 They took them from their shops, all four of them. 1612 01:27:37,606 --> 01:27:41,191 We went to the Sadr office and begged and pleaded... 1613 01:27:41,231 --> 01:27:42,848 but they denied having them. 1614 01:27:42,850 --> 01:27:45,201 Influx of delusioned individuals 1615 01:27:45,226 --> 01:27:48,061 who are...asking for help or...or... 1616 01:27:48,062 --> 01:27:50,785 or...soon don't... ask for help anymore. 1617 01:27:50,840 --> 01:27:53,379 Why report it to the police? One: we don't trust them, 1618 01:27:53,401 --> 01:27:55,495 Two: they may be committing some of the crime. 1619 01:27:55,511 --> 01:27:58,750 The uniforms that they used, just proliferated all over the place 1620 01:27:58,758 --> 01:28:01,386 So you really have lots of rouge elements 1621 01:28:01,402 --> 01:28:05,098 and people that are using or working under the guise of the security services. 1622 01:28:05,192 --> 01:28:08,981 Now you can see people... arrested by many sources. 1623 01:28:08,988 --> 01:28:10,363 We don't know who are they. 1624 01:28:10,373 --> 01:28:13,809 Fake check-points... in the streets stop people passing... 1625 01:28:13,855 --> 01:28:17,783 and looking to their ID's and see if they were shiít's... 1626 01:28:17,821 --> 01:28:21,356 sunis, kurds, arabs and then... 1627 01:28:21,396 --> 01:28:24,965 either kidnap them or kill them in the same place. 1628 01:28:26,971 --> 01:28:28,933 When I say goodbye of my husband... 1629 01:28:28,949 --> 01:28:31,370 I think I'm not comming back. 1630 01:28:34,050 --> 01:28:38,220 By late 2006, Baghdad had fallen into near anarchy. 1631 01:28:38,714 --> 01:28:41,148 The US military controlled the Green Zone... 1632 01:28:41,149 --> 01:28:43,605 and the area around the Baghdad airport. 1633 01:28:43,712 --> 01:28:47,582 Iraqi security forces controlled areas in the East and South. 1634 01:28:47,845 --> 01:28:51,698 The suníe's militias controlled several predominately suní neighborhoods. 1635 01:28:52,003 --> 01:28:55,620 Muqtada al-Sadr' Mahdi Army... dominated large areas... 1636 01:28:55,639 --> 01:28:58,944 including the enormous shiít slum of Sadr city. 1637 01:28:59,178 --> 01:29:02,368 SCIRIs rival shiít militia, the Badr Brigade... 1638 01:29:02,370 --> 01:29:04,671 controlled wealthier shiít areas. 1639 01:29:04,804 --> 01:29:07,974 Neighborhood organizations controlled many small zones 1640 01:29:08,077 --> 01:29:11,491 Large areas were essentially controlled by noone. 1641 01:29:14,615 --> 01:29:18,218 CONSEQUENCES 1642 01:29:18,332 --> 01:29:21,434 From a study, conducted by Harvard professor Linda Bilmes 1643 01:29:21,456 --> 01:29:23,919 and Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz... 1644 01:29:23,966 --> 01:29:29,162 as of early 2007, the US has spent $379 billion ($379,000,000,000). 1645 01:29:29,171 --> 01:29:31,472 directly on the war in Iraq. 1646 01:29:31,535 --> 01:29:36,185 Future operating costs are estimated at $389 billion (389,000,000,000). 1647 01:29:36,279 --> 01:29:38,071 The costs of veterans healthcare... 1648 01:29:38,072 --> 01:29:40,707 and loss of productivity of those serving in Iraq... 1649 01:29:40,794 --> 01:29:43,130 it $482 billion ($482,000,000,000). 1650 01:29:43,216 --> 01:29:46,622 The costs of demobilization and replacing military equipment 1651 01:29:46,684 --> 01:29:49,548 which is being used up 6 times faster than normal 1652 01:29:49,550 --> 01:29:51,952 is $160 billion ($160,000,000,000). 1653 01:29:51,953 --> 01:29:54,554 The increase in oil prices due to the war... 1654 01:29:54,555 --> 01:29:59,626 have cost the US economy. $450 billion ($450,000,000000 million dollars. 1655 01:29:59,696 --> 01:30:02,162 In total,... the economic cost of the war... 1656 01:30:02,163 --> 01:30:05,891 is projected to reach $1,8 trillion ($1,800,000,000,000) 1657 01:30:06,806 --> 01:30:09,236 I'm suffering from... 1658 01:30:09,339 --> 01:30:12,478 post-traumatic... migraines... 1659 01:30:12,566 --> 01:30:15,303 and post-traumatic epilepsy. 1660 01:30:17,487 --> 01:30:24,393 Sometimes,... I... have bad memory about what happened... 1661 01:30:24,558 --> 01:30:26,686 But I'm not... scared of them. 1662 01:30:26,948 --> 01:30:28,730 Do you feel emotionally okey? 1663 01:30:30,300 --> 01:30:32,573 Sometimes, it's a little... 1664 01:30:35,229 --> 01:30:37,353 Sometimes, yes. Sometimes, not. 1665 01:30:38,232 --> 01:30:41,134 Still have drouble...you know, dealing with... 1666 01:30:42,527 --> 01:30:46,264 you know's, what happened to me and to my partner, you know. Sometimes. 1667 01:30:47,575 --> 01:30:51,225 The big big cost... in terms of veterans disability 1668 01:30:51,253 --> 01:30:53,721 it is for the many hundreds of thousands of people... 1669 01:30:53,739 --> 01:30:56,800 who come back, and they find that they can't... 1670 01:30:56,857 --> 01:30:59,519 work and hold down a job in a way they used to... 1671 01:30:59,574 --> 01:31:03,730 because... there just not quite the same as they were before. 1672 01:31:03,886 --> 01:31:05,565 How hot does it get in this country? 1673 01:31:05,690 --> 01:31:10,019 - 120F (49C) - 120 yesterday? 1674 01:31:10,095 --> 01:31:12,663 The last contract I ever signed with the government. 1675 01:31:12,758 --> 01:31:15,687 Some of these units have been there now on their third tour of duty. 1676 01:31:15,742 --> 01:31:17,765 and some of them don't see an end to it. 1677 01:31:17,767 --> 01:31:19,506 They think they'll be back there for their fifth, 1678 01:31:19,507 --> 01:31:22,181 sixth and seventh tour as a duty, before this ends. 1679 01:31:22,235 --> 01:31:23,955 We do not have enough troops. 1680 01:31:24,166 --> 01:31:27,791 How could we protect against a possible conflict in Pyongyang... 1681 01:31:27,825 --> 01:31:30,025 a possible conflict with Iran... 1682 01:31:30,251 --> 01:31:32,551 other potentialities in the world... 1683 01:31:32,553 --> 01:31:34,688 when we'v got everything tied up 1684 01:31:34,689 --> 01:31:36,823 with regard to Iraq and Afghanistan? 1685 01:31:36,824 --> 01:31:38,859 Iran is oddly... 1686 01:31:39,861 --> 01:31:41,190 given... 1687 01:31:42,017 --> 01:31:45,525 how much we disslike... the Iranian regim... 1688 01:31:45,752 --> 01:31:49,668 the single greatest beneficiary... of the war in Iraq. 1689 01:31:49,670 --> 01:31:52,610 We eliminate their historic enemy...for them. 1690 01:31:52,930 --> 01:31:56,543 and put them on top... in...Persian Golf. 1691 01:31:56,544 --> 01:31:59,259 I mean when you have... massive civil war 1692 01:31:59,331 --> 01:32:00,821 violent nasty civil war 1693 01:32:00,847 --> 01:32:02,781 on top of 20% of the worlds oil supply... 1694 01:32:02,783 --> 01:32:04,951 that will probably engulf other regional players, 1695 01:32:04,952 --> 01:32:09,439 Iran, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, maybe even Egypt. 1696 01:32:09,533 --> 01:32:14,394 If Iraq... disintegrates and becomes... an arena of civil war... 1697 01:32:14,395 --> 01:32:16,911 much of it will become like a little Afghanistan. 1698 01:32:16,918 --> 01:32:21,234 It's where...terrorists all over the world will find refuge. 1699 01:32:21,242 --> 01:32:26,199 If Iraq goes back to some sort of... islamo-fascist regim... 1700 01:32:26,222 --> 01:32:28,853 like we had under the taliban's in Afghanistan... 1701 01:32:28,957 --> 01:32:31,700 then we are back to September 10, 2001. 1702 01:32:31,872 --> 01:32:34,739 Except...much larger scale... 1703 01:32:34,958 --> 01:32:36,286 and you know... 1704 01:32:36,340 --> 01:32:38,751 with billions of dollars of oil-wells at there disposal. 1705 01:32:39,137 --> 01:32:41,911 When we were first starting the reconstruction... 1706 01:32:41,918 --> 01:32:43,622 we would sort of joke... 1707 01:32:43,623 --> 01:32:46,254 that there were 500 ways to do it wrong, and... 1708 01:32:46,457 --> 01:32:48,086 two or three ways to do it right. 1709 01:32:48,434 --> 01:32:50,575 What we didn't understand is, that we were... 1710 01:32:50,700 --> 01:32:52,098 gona go through all 500. 1711 01:32:52,168 --> 01:32:53,966 Why do you think all these misstakes were made? 1712 01:32:54,014 --> 01:32:55,544 I don't know! 1713 01:32:55,802 --> 01:32:57,387 I have no idea! 1714 01:32:58,153 --> 01:32:59,700 Puzzling! 1715 01:33:01,608 --> 01:33:04,844 President Bush...was... missing in action 1716 01:33:04,934 --> 01:33:06,981 on the planning for the postwar. 1717 01:33:07,114 --> 01:33:10,747 He deferred to his vice-president and his secretary of Defense... 1718 01:33:10,817 --> 01:33:12,762 the control over those decisions. 1719 01:33:13,408 --> 01:33:16,106 Why on earth, if you were the president of US 1720 01:33:16,189 --> 01:33:18,903 would you plan to use military force and then divorce youself... 1721 01:33:18,937 --> 01:33:23,340 from, essentially, the...most important aspect of that use, 1722 01:33:23,371 --> 01:33:25,261 and that is the aftermath. 1723 01:33:25,314 --> 01:33:26,748 Who is in charge in this war? 1724 01:33:26,773 --> 01:33:31,137 I don't wanna go through the list, I mean it was the president, vice president secretary of Defense 1725 01:33:31,231 --> 01:33:33,760 Those around...around all those people. 1726 01:33:33,831 --> 01:33:36,002 - Do you include national security adviser? - Sure. 1727 01:33:36,862 --> 01:33:39,041 - The vice-president, you include? - Yes. 1728 01:33:39,651 --> 01:33:43,922 That was the inner team that... produced the thinking behind the war. 1729 01:33:44,235 --> 01:33:48,680 My misstake was probably not finding a way to get myself more involved in the planning process of things. 1730 01:33:48,692 --> 01:33:49,844 I see. 1731 01:33:50,352 --> 01:33:53,606 - So that the dissolution of the army wouldn't have been a surprise? - Right. 1732 01:33:53,626 --> 01:33:55,449 Well, and I could have raised hell about it. 1733 01:33:55,466 --> 01:33:58,835 They'd had my day in court, I may have lost, but I'd had my day in court. 1734 01:33:59,539 --> 01:34:02,100 The system ought to be participatory, 1735 01:34:02,102 --> 01:34:04,670 and ought to include people who were going to say... 1736 01:34:05,422 --> 01:34:07,273 "This makes no sense, mister president." 1737 01:34:07,274 --> 01:34:09,040 "This is a bad idea." 1738 01:34:09,133 --> 01:34:11,563 I don't think that kind of decision making process 1739 01:34:11,590 --> 01:34:14,000 existed in... the Bush administration. 1740 01:34:14,250 --> 01:34:16,757 I certainly didn't feel myself participating... 1741 01:34:16,805 --> 01:34:19,254 in such a decision making... process 1742 01:34:19,445 --> 01:34:21,906 The administration never asked for any... 1743 01:34:21,914 --> 01:34:25,454 estimator community assessments on Iraq, before we went to war. 1744 01:34:25,540 --> 01:34:29,635 Nobody... seemed to be... interested in what the community had to say? 1745 01:34:29,674 --> 01:34:31,897 I think it's more a matter that minds were made up... 1746 01:34:31,898 --> 01:34:34,151 the course was set. 1747 01:34:34,331 --> 01:34:35,768 Whatever... 1748 01:34:35,770 --> 01:34:38,298 analysys on these sorts of issues... 1749 01:34:38,305 --> 01:34:40,221 was to have been done... 1750 01:34:40,223 --> 01:34:43,225 the decision makers felt they already done it themselves. 1751 01:34:43,310 --> 01:34:45,211 Vice-president Cheney of course has made... 1752 01:34:45,212 --> 01:34:46,579 takes the same positions... 1753 01:34:46,580 --> 01:34:49,014 as secretary Rumsfeld, on the war. 1754 01:34:49,064 --> 01:34:50,814 Does he still have your complete confidence? 1755 01:34:50,838 --> 01:34:52,205 - Yes he does! 1756 01:34:52,385 --> 01:34:53,921 Campaign is over. Yes, he does! 1757 01:34:54,011 --> 01:34:56,882 - And he'll be here for the remaining term. - Yes he will! 1758 01:34:57,303 --> 01:35:00,538 There are nights when I don't sleep very well. 1759 01:35:01,163 --> 01:35:04,155 And I fault myself for not pushing the issue.. 1760 01:35:04,233 --> 01:35:06,999 That I think I should have gone, and kicked this door in and said... 1761 01:35:07,049 --> 01:35:08,483 "Damnit, listen!" 1762 01:35:08,733 --> 01:35:12,757 "This was a misstake." "We need to do something to rectify it." 1763 01:35:13,710 --> 01:35:16,475 But I never had the opportunity to do it.... 1764 01:35:16,811 --> 01:35:18,374 and trying to kick in a door... 1765 01:35:18,409 --> 01:35:21,845 you know with an ambassador, who's essentially the... 1766 01:35:21,913 --> 01:35:24,749 you know, the czar... of Iraq. 1767 01:35:24,865 --> 01:35:27,998 You know, for a colonel to try and do it just wasn't going to happen. 1768 01:35:28,038 --> 01:35:30,152 You couldn't get past the front door. 1769 01:35:30,239 --> 01:35:31,879 If my speaking out... 1770 01:35:31,902 --> 01:35:34,527 adds even inm... infinitesimally... 1771 01:35:34,722 --> 01:35:39,472 to...the criticism that counts, of this administration. 1772 01:35:39,596 --> 01:35:41,014 Then that's good. 1773 01:35:41,357 --> 01:35:44,521 I don't pretend to say that I'v... I'v been effective in that regard 1774 01:35:44,571 --> 01:35:47,943 but I...I just can't hold my peace any longer. 1775 01:35:48,174 --> 01:35:51,248 We will bring to the Iraqi people, food... 1776 01:35:51,745 --> 01:35:53,506 and medicines... 1777 01:35:53,639 --> 01:35:55,514 and supplies... 1778 01:35:56,053 --> 01:35:58,350 and freedom. 1779 01:36:17,031 --> 01:36:19,792 Look at what contentments! 1780 01:36:30,511 --> 01:36:33,811 And it just was Henny Penny the sky is falling. 1781 01:36:37,968 --> 01:36:39,811 General Garner and I are... 1782 01:36:39,851 --> 01:36:41,710 pledged to working very closely together 1783 01:36:41,728 --> 01:36:45,024 WE WANT OUR EMPLOYMENTS AND WAGES 1784 01:36:45,929 --> 01:36:50,860 There is a large number of former Iraqi soldiers that are unemployed now. 1785 01:36:55,075 --> 01:36:58,308 One was a "guerrilla war" another was "insurgency" 1786 01:36:58,331 --> 01:37:01,435 another was "unconventional war", 1787 01:37:04,584 --> 01:37:06,479 - Pardon me? - Impasse. 1788 01:37:08,188 --> 01:37:12,024 No. That's someone else's business, quagmire. 1789 01:37:12,025 --> 01:37:13,819 I don't do quagmires. 1790 01:37:17,782 --> 01:37:19,531 Come on, come on! 1791 01:37:19,637 --> 01:37:23,533 I'm listen. I'm listen to political... leaders. 1792 01:37:33,048 --> 01:37:35,815 - Stop! - Below, below, below. - Get Down! Get Down! 1793 01:37:36,699 --> 01:37:41,320 Some day in my life in the future, I got to look back to Iraq. 1794 01:37:41,321 --> 01:37:44,089 And got to see something done in there. 1795 01:37:44,090 --> 01:37:46,625 So I can look back and say... 1796 01:37:46,633 --> 01:37:48,347 I was part of this... 1797 01:37:48,414 --> 01:37:51,809 and that my suffering... and my lost... 1798 01:37:52,411 --> 01:37:54,708 have a...have a meaning. 1799 01:38:04,193 --> 01:38:07,646 If the situation gets better, I'm going to leave Iraq. 1800 01:38:09,062 --> 01:38:11,163 I will go leave Iraq, but now... 1801 01:38:11,243 --> 01:38:13,833 I'm a fighter, I'm in all my life. 1802 01:38:14,043 --> 01:38:15,956 I won't leave Iraq now. 1803 01:38:19,612 --> 01:38:22,127 From here we can't change anything because it's... 1804 01:38:22,244 --> 01:38:23,730 it's out of control now 1805 01:38:23,739 --> 01:38:28,596 I don't have... future plans for... being in Iraq. 1806 01:38:29,151 --> 01:38:34,672 I don't see the...bit of light in the...at the end of the tunnel yet. 1807 01:38:35,141 --> 01:38:36,414 This is what it is. 1808 01:38:36,416 --> 01:38:39,780 This is how we live it this is how we see it this is how we smell it 1809 01:38:39,802 --> 01:38:40,788 and feel it. 1810 01:38:40,847 --> 01:38:43,882 It's not a situation that... you can say "Let's try this". 1811 01:38:43,890 --> 01:38:47,210 "it will help". "Let's try this, it will help". No it's not! 1812 01:38:53,554 --> 01:38:56,757 And then you telling me that that's the best America can do? 1813 01:38:57,530 --> 01:38:58,749 Not. 1814 01:38:58,913 --> 01:39:02,725 Don't tell me that. Don't tell the... marines who fought... 1815 01:39:02,905 --> 01:39:04,593 for a month in Nayaf for that. 1816 01:39:04,647 --> 01:39:05,897 Don't tell the marines who... 1817 01:39:05,952 --> 01:39:07,780 who are still fighting every day in Faluya... 1818 01:39:07,811 --> 01:39:10,208 that that's the best America can do. 1819 01:39:12,151 --> 01:39:14,048 That makes me angry. 152608

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.