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Adi Shankaracharya (The Philosopher)

Explanatory note follows

The vedas constitute the oldest
sacred literature of Indo-Aryans

They contain the spontaneous
spiritual aspirations of man

The origins of the Vedas
are shrouded in mystery

They date back to extreme antiquity

The orthodox Hindu regards
the Vedas as revealed scripture

The Upanishadas from
concluding portion of the Vedas

They belong among the most
remarkable literature in world

They expand, in poetic outpourings,
the view of man's identity...

... of "atman", the individual self,
and "brahman", the universal self

which pervades the world

This monism, which is implicit in
the Upanishadas, was elaborated...

into a doctrine of non-dualism by
great Indian Philosopher, Shankara

Shankara was born in 780 A.D.

He is referred to as Shankaracharya

"Adi" denotes the "First"
in terms of being "the founder"

"Acharya" means "a revered teacher"

Not much is known about Shankara's
personal life except through tradition

It affirms that Shankara was
born in Kerala State of South India

He renounced the world
at very young age ...

... to become a religious medicant

The film is based
on detailed research ...

... and made in consultation with
and approval of religious scholars

"Adi Shankaracharya" is also
the first Indian feature film ...

... made in the Sanskrit language

Sanskrit is the literary
language of ancient India

It is also the language of Vedas

Even today it is a spoken
language among some scholars

This unique film has been
made possible by the efforts of ...

the director, G.V. Iyer

And the film's sponsor ...

... the National Film Development
Corporation of India

#River Purna flowing in the town
Kaladi of Kerala state, South India#

Ceremonial offerings
of water to the sun

Other faiths opposed to Hinduism
seek to disturb its disciplines

Shankara's father, Shivaguru
offers morning prayers to sun

Shankara's mother, Aryamba,
carries pot of water to her home

In worship,
the use of colour is symbolic

White denotes truth

Red denotes sacrifice

Green denotes prosperity

A Vedic prayer is performed ...

... in the style
pertaining to Kerala State

Aryamba waters the sacred
Tulsi a ritual among Hindu wives

Shivaguru,approaching the temple,
hears verses from the Bhagwat-Gita

He realises that the time
has come for him to leave the world

He prepares to detach
his mind from his human form

Have you rendered your daily duty
to Kesava, the deity of the temple?

Indeed I have

The temple opitomises the body

Darkness is ignorance. Vedic Om,
the absolute, is the supreme truth

Shivaguru watches the flames
and visualises his own funeral pyre

May my breath mingle
with the immortal fire

Holy Fire, the devourer of speech,
sight and mind !

Shivaguru visualises the initiation
of Shankara into Brahmanism ...

... and his ceremonial
seeking of alms from his mother

Son, I am departing

Where to, Father ? - Unto Eternity

Why ? - This body is mortal

Where is Eternity ? - Within oneself

Then you are not really leaving ?

You are right

Son, death is a friend.
Do not be afraid of him

Recite the verse I taught you

Like water that descends from
the skies and flows into seas ...

... offerings to all Gods,
reach the Supreme Deity

Death in the form of a boy
sits cross-legged beside Shankara

I am Death and your dear friend

Welcome. Abide with me

Still talking ! It is time

Handing over grass-shoots
signifies transfer of authority

Funeral chants

Shankara receives
initiation into Brahmanism

Wisdom in the form
of a boy sits and observes

Chanting of "Gayatri", a holy mantra

Shankara recalls his Father's words

The body is mortal. I go to Eternity

This is wisdom.
Can he stay with us ?

Many are here.
Why can he too not join us ?

Shankara, do you remember me ?

Yes, I do. Come, be with us

The Upanishadic imagery of
two birds, the crow and the dove

The crow is the doer, the active one

The dove is the "atman"
(inner self), the passive observer

( The Sanskrit school
located in the Temple grounds )

Why are you late today ?

Who are these boys ?
- My friends, Wisdom and Death

Mother gave me permission.
I brought them here.

I am Wisdom, sir

I am Death, sir

Be seated, Wisdom and Death

But Wisdom and Death
do not have human forms

If you are so named, so be it.
Be seated

I have a physical form,
yet I am ignored

#A poor man's home#

A verse from the scripture,
the Bhagawata, is heard

The wisdom of truth
is like the nectar ...

... of the fruit of the Tree of Veda

Mother, give me alms

Wait, I am coming

May the Goddess looks kindly
on me shower her blessings in plenty

Lady, why weep ?
You are like a mother to me

My husband brings a mere handful

He says : hoarding food is a sin

The wise who control past,
present and future ...

... understand the universe

... as plainly as a berry
seen in the palm of the hand

Take some alms -No, I will not

Why ? - To hoard food is a sin

So I will not touch your stock

Distribute your food
supply to the poor and needy

How an I to believe that
the self does not change?

Observe this boy.
When he moves, he cannot stand

When he stands, he cannot move.
Is that not so, my child ?

I am not aware of my body

I am thinking of the lady we saw

Did you hear ?
The boy is here, his mind elsewhere!

We will meet later

Sir, can a human being
attain equanimity ?

By becoming a Sanyasin (a monk)

Shankara decides to renounce
the world to become a monk

I will be a monk and be exalted.
It may trouble Mother, though

Mother, I want to become a monk

See, the milk is dripping. Wipe it

Mother, I want to become a monk

Where is Wisdom ? Go play with him

Mother, I want to become a monk

That is no easy matter.
Please don't say that again

Shankara recalls
the words of his Teacher

Paths of action and of renunciation
are ways sanctioned by scripture

Very few accept the
latter when so young.

The revered teacher Govinda
was the only exception

Such men are rare

Who are you ?
When did you begin to steal ?

Stay where you are.
I shall punish you

What is this punishment ?

He can't touch the cloth,
nor can he jump over it

Shall I untie it ?

Come down

Vow that you will never
steal again - I promise

Eat - it is for you

Call this a punishment ?

Physical punishment
is never a lasting one

The psychic one endures

How can you trust him ?

"Trust in Self" is
the path of the scriptures

A noble secret, a great tradition

Alas, a tradition we are fast losing

Shankara, get up. It is late

Why are you here ? - Waiting for you

Where is Wisdom ?
- Meditating, there

#Gokarna, North Karnataka#

Shankara is drawn
to the saffron robe

Saffron denotes renunciation.
Monks wear saffron robes

Shankara wants to be a monk

Let him become one,
but let him live long

Mother prayed for you

You are a monk now

I saved him from the
jaws of the crocodile

You possess all the virtues.
May fortune smile on you.

#Drummer proclaiming#

"The play #Nachiketa# will
be performed in the Krishna Temple"

A ballet in the
style of Kerala State

Nachiketa waits for three days
in the house of the Lord of Death

Making a respected guest
wail bodes ill for the host

The Lord of Death returns

I made you wait for three days

In return I grant you 3 boons.
Ask for them

May my father shed his anger
against me and welcome me back

Granted

Reveal the secrets
of the holy fire to me

Granted

Third and the most important

Is there life after death ?
Learned men debate and disagree

Please, you reveal the truth to me

Dear boy, I shall give you wealth,
grant you long life and happiness

But please don't ask this question

I want neither wealth nor pleasures.
I wish to know the secret of life

You are the one to tell me.
Instruct me.

You have experienced it

Experience is superior to logic

Contemplate and be firm.
You are blessed

The drum and the
proclamation is meaningless

There is no truth here

Truth must be sought in the heart,
with devotion and dedication

I am leaving to seek Govindapada.
Look after Mother

Should you not inform her ?
- I go with her blessings

Who will perform my funeral rites ?
It is the sacred duty of a son

Mother, I will return
to perform the rites

#The Kerala- Karnataka border#

The trees of blind
belief falls on a believer

A group of believers bury him alive

Shankara sees social injustice.
He views the cosmos in its entirety

Tell me, who are you ?

You, so fierce in form,
O supreme power

I bow before you. Have mercy

I know not what you intend to do

Unperturbed, Shankara moves on

Vishnu, an old friend,
calls out to Shankara

I became a monk
with Mother's consent

Do you like austere penance ?

Remember the verse
from the Bhagwat Gita ...

Duty is its own reward

May I follow you ?

If we are together we will succeed

#State of Madhya Pradesh,
Central India#

These symbols of imperfection
aspire for perfection

Are you still awake,
shivering with cold ?

#Omkareswar, Central India#

Hindu tradition dictates that one is
first a disciple, then a householder

Then comes the practise of austerity,
leading finally to renunciation

A bachelor can also be a monk.
I prefer this approach

#The holy river, Narmada#

Govindapada's hermitage must be near

The River Narmada turns violent

Shankara suppresses it by prayer

You are the primal force

Supreme and oldest among all

The root cause of the Universe

You are the Knower,
And the Known, too.

Pervader of all.
the greatest refuge for all

The eternal, ever-flowing one !

Victory to the boy who quelled
the turbulence of Narmada !

He comes to learn from
the renouwned monk, Govindapada

I am Shankara, son of Shivaguru,
a brahmin from the South

I need your initiation to
resolve the enigma of existence

You have a body made of five senses

And it is perishable

But #atman# (the Individual
Self) is imperishable

You will be an ascteic
of the highest order

A chant in praise of the #atman#

These are the aphorisms of the sage,
Badarayana. Study them in depth.

Sir, these are all torn.
- No one cares for them

I tried to preserve them but failed

Sir, may I restore and edit them ?
-Please do so.

Perhaps it is the desire
of our great sages that you do so

Comment on these texts and
spread their wisdom among the people

You will have my help
whenever you need it

Everything is self

How does one believe it ?

How does one believe him ?

Earth is, after all Truth.
I shall swear by it.

It is not my own wisdom.
The wise ancients said so

Listen to the story of Satyakama.
He asked his mother, Jabala

I wish to be initiated
to Brahminism. Tell me my lineage

Jabala answers

In truth,
I do not know who your father was

You are Satyakama, son of Jabala.
Tell your teacher. It will suffice

Revered sir, I know not my lineage

I am Satyakama, son of Jabala

None but a learned person
can speak so, I shall initiate you

Such was the faith of the
ancients in truth. Believe me

Excuse us, excuse us

#Shankara in Banaras, the holy city#

Letters combine to form words.
The letter is imperishable

Grammar is essential
for understanding meaning

Hear the sound of a vessel falling.
Learn "dunkritakara" from it

Vishnu (the friend believed
drowned) - Shankara !

Please accept me a disciple

Yes, you will be a Padmapada

A verse in praise of Shankara

I fall at your holy feet

A fine verse, coming from a fool

Due, of course, to your blessings

You are sweet and pure,
since your heart is pure

When death strikes, grammar forsakes

When limbs are weak and hair is grey.
Doddering, old & toothless too !

Man never gives up desires

Worship the Lord !
Worship the Lord !

The King of Banaras
comes to see Shankara

Grace the court by your presence

Thank you. I shall come later.
I have a task to complete

I have to convey the message
of the scriptures to the people

Use these chariots
and horses for your travel

I prefer to walk while I can

The cycle of birth and death.
Life is an ocean, hard to cross

Merciful lord, save me !

The whole world praises you

May you excel forever

Death, you know I won't live long

Nor do I wish a long life

Move away ! An untouchable !

Let us keep away

From whom ? From my body ?
Or from my Inner Self ?

The body is of the Earth,
and so, untouchable

The Inner Self is pure and Eternal

Knowledge is the Universal Self.
All worldly creations are illusions

Whoever knows this truth,
whatever his caste, is my teacher

Shankara observes a
boy on several occasions

Earth is the real Truth

After unsuccessful attempts,
the boy looks straight at the sun

Shankara meditates on
an Upanishadic verse on the Eye

"The living breath residing in the
body is a Prince waited upon by...

... the select Gods

God of Wrath is in the red of the eye.
Rain God is in the Eye's moisture

Lord of Light is in the Pupil.
Lord of Speech is in the Iris

Goddess of life is
in the White of the Eye

He who knows this Truth
is free from wants, and liberated

Revered sir, this boy was
born dumb and seems insane at times

My friend, who are you ?
Where are you from ?

I am knowledge,
bright and pure, as the clear sky

This boy perceives the eternal
truth of self, without effort

I will accept him as my disciple

Badarayana, on whose aphorisms
Shankara commented, approaches

Are you Shankara,
the disciple of Govinda ?

Be seated. What can I do for you ?

I hear that you commented
on the aphorisims of Badarayana ?

Explain one of them. - Which one ?

The most important one : "How
is the body linked to the Earth"

Shankara gives an explaination
of the origin of man ...

as put forth in the
Upanishadic speculations

The formation of the body
from water is explained...

by the principle of five oblations:
Faith,Soma,(Moon),Rain,Food, Seed

Give an elaborate explaination

I shall clarify

Shankaracharya recites a
verse from the "Chandogya Upanishad"

The Heaven is Fire The Sun, its Fuel

The Rays,
its Smoke The Day, its Flame

The Moon,
its Embers The Stars, its Sparks

Into this Fire the Gods
offer the Oblation of Faith

Out of this,
the divine drink, Soma arises

The Rain God is indeed the Fire,
The Air, its Fuel

The Cloud,
its Smoke The Lightning, its Flame

The Thunderbolt,
its Embers The Thunder its Sparks

Into this Fire,
the Gods offer the oblation of Soma

Out of this Oblation,
Rain arises The Earth, its Fire

The Year,
its Fuel The Sky, its Smoke

THe Night, its Flame The
Four Directions, its Embers

The Intermediate Directions,
its sparks

Into this Fire, the Gods offer

the Oblation of Rain Out
of this Oblation, arises Food

Man indeed is the Fire Speech,
his Fuel

Breath, his Smoke Tongue, his Flame

Eyes, his Embers The Ears,
his Sparks

Into this Fire,
the Gods offer the Oblation of Food

Out of this Oblation ...
the Seed arises

Woman is the Fire Into this Fire,
the Gods offer

the Oblation of the
Seed Out of this Oblation

The Foetus arises
At the fifth Oblation

the Oblation called Water ,
comes to be designated as Man

The Foetus covered with membrane,

Lies within the mother's womb

Remains for a prescribed
time And then is born ...

into the world -

Very good.
Go ahead and complete your work.

Make it free of mistakes

When you have doubts, ask the others

May others write
such commentaries too

Some stay away from the World.
Some can never stay free

There are others, too, who
stay in the world, and yet are free

#Prayag, Uttar Pradesh#

Kumarila, an elder of Shankara
and an authority on Veda rituals..

is seen immolating himself

Shankara, I am an expert on
orthodoxy and rituals

My aim has been to uphold the
Vedas and to thwart the atheists

I committed a mistake, though

This is the punishment I suffer

Why must you suffer this way ?

I lived incognito among the
Buddhists to learn their philosophy

My teacher, Dharmapala,
decried the Vedic faith

My eyes shed involuntary tears

He then knew my true leanings

Knowing that I had cheated them,
the monks pushed me downhill

I fell into an abyss and lost
one of my eyes

Had I said, "Eternal Vedas protect
me", no harm would've come to me

But I said, "If the Vedas are eternal,
then no harm will come to me

I decided to immolate myself to atone
for sinning against my Teacher

Learned men praise
your commentories.

Would you kindly comment
on my work ?

But then, I am dying. Where is
the time to talk to you ?

Learned sir, please relent and
stop this immolation

My decision is as firm and
final as the Vedas

I find you have true knowledge

#Mahishmati, the banks of
the River Narmada#

Shankara looks for the house
of Mandana Misra

Dear death, don't meet him first

Then there will be no one to
comment on my work

There is silence here. Let us look

Welcome to you, divinity
personified

I came here to beg for debate,
not for rice

Let us eat first

What do you wish ?
- I am hungry

What is the diagram for ?

To ensnare you !

Does your parrot like grapes ?
- He likes only pepper

You eat only pepper ?

Eat these grapes !
They are sweet

Sweets and fruits are plenty here

Yet, you prisoner, prefer pepper.
When will you be released ?

Through Karma, I am told

But when ?

See these ants.

How many more births
do they need to be liberated ?

You have a pair of wings and
can fly to heaven if you wish

You need only to emerge from
the cage. Do you want grapes ?

No, I only want to be released.
Please open the cage

Shankara is the sun
of the spiritual sky

Before the rays of knowledge,
the ordinary sun is pale as a moon

Revered sir,
make me your disciple

I accept you. You are Sureshwara

Shankara, the unvanquished scholar,
uncrowned king of the spritual world

Sir, would you enter into a
debate with me ?

Mother, truth is beyond debate.
It is experienced and not discussed

Let us move away from verbalism

Be our foster Mother and
lead us

May the revered one be
victorious

I am beyond pain and pleasure

Virtue and sin do not touch me

I am supreme knowledge

Why is Vedic religion accepted
only in India ?

India is the home of the Vedas

But knowledge of self is open
to all

Kashmir, Kamarup (Assam ) and
Kanyakumari are the three corners

Banares is the centre

India symbolises the mystic
wheel (Tantric Chakra )

Why do you always
laugh at me ?

I will leave you now.
I have some work to do

The sun in the sky, and Shankara
in my heart, are both memorable

The atmosphere is calm
and peaceful

This is Sringeri and
the Thunga river

Buddhists stopped
animal sacrifices

These ritualaists offer
flowers as sacrifice

How does one put an end to it ?

You have realised the futility
of rituals

You are truly enlightened

I would be delighted if you
commented on my work.

Yes, delighted

Come. Food is ready

Why is it none of you wants
to eat ?

They resent Sureshwara
commenting on your work

True. They are not happy
about it

Why this envy ?

Hastamalakais a better scholar

Experience is more important

Padmapada is better qualified
between you four...

What chance is there for Vedic
thought to spread ?

Our ancestors were liberal in
thought

Due to them, Vedas were
preserved

Philosophy will perish soon if
people quarrel among themselves

Let Padmapada undertake the
task

Pardon us. Let Sureshwara
write

My decision is final. Write
yourself

We crave your pardon.
We were jealous

We should see that the Vedic
religion is kept alive

Let us go and eat

I intend sending Padmapada...

Hastamalaka, Totaka and
Sureshwara....

to the four corners of India to
propagate monism

Where should they go ?
- Dwarka, Badri, Puri & Sringeri

And you ?

The whole world is my land.
Where the sun sets will be my home

Where I am supposed to be ?

You are Sharada in Sringeri,
Kamakshi in Kanchipuram....

... and Annapurna in Banares

I will follow you everywhere

What is it ?

I just remembered my Mother.
I am going to see her

Hurry ! Shankara is coming to
see his Mother

How is she ?
- Waiting only for you

Dear Mother, I am here

Prepare for the funeral

A monk is not allowed to
perform funeral rites

But I had promised her
- She waited for her beloved son

It is against accepted tradition
- I do not care for tradition

You look down on tradition.
You are excommunicated

Now starts my real journey to make
the masses shed their ignorance

#Kanyakumari, Southernmost India#

Prayer to Goddess Kanyakumari

#Kanchipuram, South India#

What use are gestures ?

To a detached mind,
knowledge is all

Remember Raikva of the
Upanishadic fame ...

who ignores the king
but imparts ....

Knowledge to the more
genuine princess

Sir, who are you ?

I am a worshipper of Bhairavi

Human sacrifice was offered to
this Goddess

What do you want ?

I want to sacrifice you to
Mother Kali

This act will lead me to heaven

Shankara prays to the Goddess.
Your will be done

# Shankara is Somnath#

# Narmada River, Marble rocks#

# Prayag, Uttar Pradesh#

# Banaras, Uttar Pradesh#

#Devaprayag, Himalayas#

See how our Teacher hides his
ill-health from us !

He never rests...always
absorbed in his thoughts & work

He travels endlessly.
No wonder he is ill

Let me request him to rest.
We will undertake his work

Nothing bothers him.
He cares for nothing

Why do you laugh ?

You, the destroyer, want to protect
me ! The strangeness of it !

You don't care for your health.
But you should think of others

Humanity needs you; several things
are to be accomplished by you

Please drink this milk

Do not leave us destitute !

I am alright !
Let me bathe in the Ganges

Your forehead is
the crescent moon

A hymn in praise of Ganga

Ganga, dear daughter
of the Himalayas

This pure water is the milk of
your breasts

You nourish this one ....

your child from the South

He's great among the greatest

Arise, let the drums beat the
glory of Monism

Shankara, you are at the top.
Is there more to be achieved ?

I have achieved knowledge. Some
are torn by worldly sorrows

May they realise their true self.
And be relieved of their burden

Your philosophy is subtle and
complicated

Only through divine grace
that comes through devotion...

can one understand Monism ?

I pray that everyone attains
true knowledge of his self

Now, my time has come

I am the Universal Soul,
supreme, eternal, and blissful

I know you are fearless, but I
am human, let me go away !

Wisdom, see the ice and
flowing water

This is the one truth;
the doctrine of non-dualism

Wisdom let us become one

The Inner Self and the Universal Self
are one and the same

Death, come join me.
You are ever with me

Please don't hesitate.
Death, embrace me

He who has no attachments is
verily the Self, the Universal Self

Any one who comprehends
this secret ...

and communicates it to my
brethren ....

will become One with me

As the water flowing from
the sky reaches the sea

That (Universal Self) is infinite
& this (Individual Self) is infinite

The Individual Self proceeds
from the Universal

Both continue to be Infinite

Let there be peace everywhere