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My foundation,
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the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason & Science,
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is actually trying to raise consciousness
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that there are many, many more people
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who are not religious in America
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than many people realize, including politicians realize.
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So you'll see politicians on television
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in their so-called debates
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sucking up to the religious lobby
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and forgetting that the non-religious lobby
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is at least 20% in America,
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which is as large as any particular religion,
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and yet it gets ignored because it's not vocal enough.
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And so we have, my foundation,
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the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason & Science,
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has a campaign called Openly Secular,
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which is an attempt to raise consciousness
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of the fact that there are lots and lots
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of non-religious people in America,
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far more than politicians realize
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and far more than each other realizes.
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In an interview recently, you said,
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quote, "I don't think I'd call myself combative.
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I think I'd call myself a lover of truth."
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And I'm wondering, what is your truth?
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When I appear to be combative
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and strident and shrill,
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which I'm often accused of,
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the reason is that I'm stating simple facts,
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and sometimes simple facts are disagreeable to people.
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For example, a few years ago... About 20 years ago, actually...
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In The New York Times,
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I wrote, "Anybody who claims to be a young Earth creationist
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is either stupid, ignorant, or insane."
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Now, that is a simple statement of fact.
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That's not a polemical statement.
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But you said, which I like...
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But it sounds... It sounds polemical
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because we've all got so used to thinking
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that you just don't say things like that about, about religion.
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And I must add at that point, of course,
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that sensible religious people have no problem with evolution.
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It's just, it's just the fundamentalists, and for them,
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the problem is usually not actually insanity or stupidity,
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it's usually actually ignorance.
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And ignorance is no crime.
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We're all ignorant of all kinds of things.
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So there's no crime to be ignorant
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of evolution,
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but you just shouldn't be quite so loud-mouthed about it.
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You also said this thing,
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which I want to sort of go into,
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which is, "Science is the poetry of reality."
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Which is a beautiful way of putting it,
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and I'm wondering if you could
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just talk about that further.
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I mean, just, you write in a very poetic way.
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You're influenced by music.
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You're a lover of literature
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and then also, just as a science.
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I mean, there are so many things
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feeding into that idea, I guess.
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I suppose I would take the ideal role model for this,
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somebody like Carl Sagan,
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or his modern-day successor, Neil deGrasse Tyson,
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or Carolyn Porco,
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who see, look out at the cosmos,
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look out at the universe, as poets.
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And why not?
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I mean, who could not be moved poetically
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by the sheer size and scale of the universe,
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the sheer number of stars?
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The same thing happens in biology, in my own field,
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when you think
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about the prodigious, stupefying complexity
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of a single living cell,
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let alone a body consisting of trillions of cells,
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when you think that we now understand
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where all that complexity came from.
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We now understand that it came
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from gradual process,
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incremental natural selection,
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lasting over hundreds of millions of years,
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culminating
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in creatures like us,
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with brains big enough to understand the whole process.
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And we in the 21st century
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are privileged to live after Darwin,
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after Newton, after Einstein.
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And therefore we are privileged to get that into our heads
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in a way that our ancestors couldn't.
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Who could not be moved poetically by that?
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Good morning, thanks for calling Ask NYPL.
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How can I help?
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Oh, the Gutenberg Bible
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is temporarily unavailable for viewing.
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I see you've got one book on hold
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called Working with Bereavement.
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I believe that the issue
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is that you are very close to the limit of 50.
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Yes.
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We still do have old books
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showing coats of arms from Europe
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and things like that.
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So let me go through the list again.
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You have Is There All... Is That All There Is?,
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Washington, DC,
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Plants of Power, The Meaning of Life,
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The Marriage Benefit, Between Panic and Desire...
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Okay, it's about the geography and geology of New York City
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back in the earliest, before... Before the Dutch arrival,
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okay, in the early 17th century.
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So you can return your books
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to any branch of Manhattan, the Bronx, or Staten Island.
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You cannot... you can't return your material
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to Brooklyn or Queens.
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A unicorn is actually an imaginary animal, okay?
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He's not, it's not a creature that ever existed.
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No, I don't speak Spanish.
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You need someone who speaks Spanish?
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Hold on.
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The first appearance I have of it
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is in the year 1225, okay?
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And it's got the opinion of one ancient monk that...
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I'll sort of have to translate this
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from Middle English,
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which I'm a little poor in.
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But he's sort of saying that man is a wolf on the outside,
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but inside himself, he's a unicorn.
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And they spell it with an E.
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What you have is a question that you want to answer.
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You want to basically find
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the place of origin for Hermann Herzog.
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What town, because...
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Where did he come from in Austria?
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Right, because I've connected
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in the Jewish genealogy group, Jewish Gen,
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with the person
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who does all the Jewish Herzogs in Austria.
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Sure, uh-huh.
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She just needed a town.
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She just needed a town, okay.
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So she's, she's... Because she's a Herzog,
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she has actually found all of the Herzogs.
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That's her specialty.
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Mmm, oh, okay... oh.
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So I was, like, I just...
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So you just needed a little...
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to narrow it down to which one.
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What I'm going to say we should do
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is take a look at the 1910 census...
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Okay.
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And get that information
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about immigration and naturalization.
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What I would do next is,
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is do a complete document sweep
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and get everything you can find
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that might give you clues as to where, when he came in.
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If you can find those naturalization papers,
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if he's accurately remembered and described
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when he immigrated...
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Mm-h mm.
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You might be able to then go back to Ancestry
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or Ellis Island... the same lists...
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Right.
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And then browse by the ship.
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Check the dates of the ships coming in
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and see if you can find him in there.
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Would I have to go through a whole year's worth of ships?
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No, because hopefully he's remembered
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the correct date when he came in.
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This is the right year, because you know, the census,
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they just ask whoever answers the door.
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But I'm, I'm hoping in the naturalization record,
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he may have correctly remembered the date he came in...
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And the town...
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The day and, you know, the day and month.
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Okay.
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And I mean, there's probably...
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In the naturalization papers,
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the place of origin might be in there, as well.
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So it's...
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I can't see naturalization papers on line, though, right?
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Ancestry has some.
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We have a database called Fold3.
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Oh, right.
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I'm going to put you on Fold3 next...
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Okay.
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And see if you can pull something up.
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It was Andrew Carnegie
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who invented for this institution,
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and I think, more broadly,
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the idea of public-private partnership.
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Indeed, this institution,
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despite the word "public" in its title,
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is the quintessential public-private partnership.
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Literally half the funding of the New York Public Library
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comes from the public, particularly the city,
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and half comes from private sources,
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including people in this room.
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And it's private philanthropy
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that launched the pilots that we then assess,
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again, using private sources,
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and look, and look
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for other private associations to partner with.
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And what's been fascinating to watch
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is the way in which those private investments...
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Hi, Alberta...
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Those private investments have now inspired the city,
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as public funder,
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to provide the largest single increase in city funding
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to the public libraries in history.
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So, and, and one of the things that you're going to see is,
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now with the city back in in full strength,
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or close enough,
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that will also inspire more private philanthropy
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to keep that cycle going.
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That's one example.
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A second example is on the issue of internet connectivity.
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Three million New Yorkers are not connected at home.
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They are in the digital dark.
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We could have all the content in the world,
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but if you don't have connection to it, it does you no good.
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And this is how people are learning and engaging
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in the 21st century.
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So again, we went,
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we found private philanthropy.
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We started a 10,000-household lend of internet
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into people's homes,
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and that has in turn inspired
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the White House and the FCC to consider
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moving billions of federal dollars
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through the FCC to get at the digital divide problems
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which keep 60 to 70 million Americans
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in the digital dark.
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So, again, an example of the way
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in which private philanthropy can move public investment.
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Lastly, last example.
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I've already said
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you could have all the content in the world,
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but if you don't have connectivity,
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it does you not much good.
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We do not yet have all the content,
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all the quality content
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that this institution represents.
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We do not yet have it all available.
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The vast majority of the books,
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archives, images in this building
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and throughout our system,
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and indeed throughout all libraries,
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is not available on line.
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That is the Holy Grail of the 21st century.
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It's what this technology wants to make possible.
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It means we have to digitize our collections.
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It means we have to make deals with publishers and authors
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to pay fair compensation
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for use of copyrighted materials.
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It means we need to create a platform
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that would enable people in New York,
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in the United States,
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or, thinking about Paul Farmer's great work,
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anywhere in the world
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to be able to get access to this content.
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Private philanthropy will make that possible.
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When we're talking about philanthropy
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in the 21st century,
268
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at this moment in history,
269
00:12:17,726 --> 00:12:20,932
inequality is the elephant in the room.
270
00:12:20,933 --> 00:12:25,933
I believe that education, the access to information,
271
00:12:25,934 --> 00:12:30,183
is the fundamental solution over time
272
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to inequality.
273
00:12:31,726 --> 00:12:33,434
And I think its power
274
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cannot be underestimated.
275
00:14:41,933 --> 00:14:45,267
Okay, let me see how yours turned out.
276
00:14:45,268 --> 00:14:46,350
I think mine...
277
00:14:46,351 --> 00:14:48,308
Oh, it worked, look.
278
00:14:48,309 --> 00:14:50,475
Now let's add some color in there.
279
00:14:50,476 --> 00:14:53,851
So what are you going to write in yours?
280
00:14:53,852 --> 00:14:55,851
I hardly ever write in mine.
281
00:14:55,852 --> 00:14:57,932
What are you supposed to write in this?
282
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This one says 70 divided by one.
283
00:15:00,017 --> 00:15:01,183
What do you get?
284
00:15:01,184 --> 00:15:02,851
70.
285
00:15:02,852 --> 00:15:03,932
Good.
286
00:15:03,933 --> 00:15:05,809
So press "okay."
287
00:15:14,643 --> 00:15:17,933
Want to read about the monkeys?
288
00:15:19,893 --> 00:15:23,267
Okay, let me see how yours turned out.
289
00:15:23,268 --> 00:15:24,475
I think mine...
290
00:15:24,476 --> 00:15:26,767
Oh, it worked, look.
291
00:15:26,768 --> 00:15:28,933
Okay, let's add some stuff in there.
292
00:15:31,933 --> 00:15:32,643
Eight?
293
00:15:32,644 --> 00:15:33,892
You stopped at 39, right?
294
00:15:33,893 --> 00:15:38,932
How many... so this is 39, how many fingers are here?
295
00:15:38,933 --> 00:15:40,267
Five.
296
00:15:40,268 --> 00:15:41,226
Mm-h mm.
297
00:15:41,227 --> 00:15:42,308
Five?
298
00:15:42,309 --> 00:15:43,350
Let's see.
299
00:15:43,351 --> 00:15:44,309
Oh!
300
00:15:44,310 --> 00:15:46,100
How's it going, Ravi?
301
00:15:46,101 --> 00:15:47,932
You like the book? Yeah.
302
00:15:47,933 --> 00:15:49,350
Awesome. When you're done with that book,
303
00:15:49,351 --> 00:15:51,932
we've got to do an activity, okay?
304
00:15:51,933 --> 00:15:53,100
This is... you know, this is every day
305
00:15:53,101 --> 00:15:56,851
I give you the paper with the activity, right?
306
00:15:56,852 --> 00:15:57,975
You mean like that?
307
00:15:57,976 --> 00:16:00,851
Yes, like that.
308
00:16:00,852 --> 00:16:02,932
Take your time, finish reading.
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00:16:02,933 --> 00:16:05,932
The most famous
310
00:16:05,933 --> 00:16:12,016
crime-fighting dog in the country.
311
00:16:12,017 --> 00:16:13,600
Country. Good job.
312
00:16:13,601 --> 00:16:15,058
How did he fight the crime?
313
00:16:15,059 --> 00:16:17,933
What made the burglars pass out?
314
00:16:17,934 --> 00:16:19,725
The breath. Good.
315
00:16:19,726 --> 00:16:22,225
So you can put that they fought in the war.
316
00:16:22,226 --> 00:16:24,851
So you can write about that.
317
00:16:24,852 --> 00:16:26,267
Thank you.
318
00:16:26,268 --> 00:16:27,475
But I don't have enough space.
319
00:16:27,476 --> 00:16:29,100
You're going to have space, don't worry.
320
00:16:29,101 --> 00:16:30,350
And you can always just turn
321
00:16:30,351 --> 00:16:31,932
and write on this side, right?
322
00:16:31,933 --> 00:16:32,643
So just start.
323
00:16:32,644 --> 00:16:34,267
Write that sentence that you just told me.
324
00:16:34,268 --> 00:16:37,308
F-I-...
325
00:16:37,309 --> 00:16:40,475
No, no, F-R-I-E-N-D.
326
00:16:40,476 --> 00:16:41,226
D-S, not D-E-S.
327
00:16:41,227 --> 00:16:44,517
So you need to erase that and write that over, please.
328
00:16:44,518 --> 00:16:48,183
Ted got a red rock at the pet store.
329
00:16:48,184 --> 00:16:50,685
What do you get at the pet store?
330
00:16:52,560 --> 00:16:54,932
What is a pet store for?
331
00:16:54,933 --> 00:16:55,852
A fish.
332
00:16:55,853 --> 00:16:57,892
Okay, so that makes better sense, right?
333
00:16:57,893 --> 00:17:02,225
One, two, three, four, no?
334
00:17:02,226 --> 00:17:02,976
This one.
335
00:17:02,977 --> 00:17:04,349
Are you guessing?
336
00:17:04,351 --> 00:17:04,893
Yes.
337
00:17:04,894 --> 00:17:06,724
Should we be guessing? No.
338
00:17:18,810 --> 00:17:21,016
And one of the things I really found fascinating
339
00:17:21,017 --> 00:17:21,933
about your book is the way
340
00:17:21,934 --> 00:17:23,932
that you delineate a kind of attention
341
00:17:23,933 --> 00:17:25,559
between princes and clerics.
342
00:17:25,560 --> 00:17:25,934
Ah, right.
343
00:17:25,935 --> 00:17:27,642
Right? And there's a kind of a,
344
00:17:27,643 --> 00:17:31,932
a sense that some of the... friction
345
00:17:31,933 --> 00:17:35,725
between political leaders who are slightly more secular
346
00:17:35,726 --> 00:17:38,767
or secularly oriented towards the accumulation
347
00:17:38,768 --> 00:17:42,684
of material power, wealth, military power,
348
00:17:42,685 --> 00:17:44,183
and the way that that ends up
349
00:17:44,184 --> 00:17:46,434
being in conflict with religious leaders
350
00:17:46,435 --> 00:17:47,059
in the region.
351
00:17:47,060 --> 00:17:49,350
These are two groups of people that,
352
00:17:49,351 --> 00:17:49,976
for the most part,
353
00:17:49,977 --> 00:17:51,892
by the middle of the 18th century,
354
00:17:51,893 --> 00:17:52,932
cannot stand one another.
355
00:17:52,933 --> 00:17:53,685
: Okay?
356
00:17:53,686 --> 00:17:57,932
Ruling political authorities and clerical elites
357
00:17:57,933 --> 00:18:00,183
are at odds with one another, and this is in part
358
00:18:00,184 --> 00:18:03,016
because at the end of the 17th century,
359
00:18:03,017 --> 00:18:04,642
there was a revolutionary movement
360
00:18:04,643 --> 00:18:06,517
directed by clerics that sought to end
361
00:18:06,518 --> 00:18:08,975
the Atlantic slave trade at that point in time.
362
00:18:08,976 --> 00:18:14,932
And when the... the ruling hereditary kings
363
00:18:14,933 --> 00:18:17,600
were able to successfully make common cause
364
00:18:17,601 --> 00:18:19,933
with the French slave traders in the region,
365
00:18:19,934 --> 00:18:22,225
and expel those clerics that wanted
366
00:18:22,226 --> 00:18:23,933
to end the slave trade,
367
00:18:23,934 --> 00:18:28,932
those kings, they visited a painful retribution
368
00:18:28,933 --> 00:18:29,933
upon all of the clerics
369
00:18:29,934 --> 00:18:32,308
that had been involved in the uprising.
370
00:18:32,309 --> 00:18:35,725
And they violated centuries-old taboos
371
00:18:35,726 --> 00:18:38,851
about not enslaving holy people.
372
00:18:38,852 --> 00:18:40,475
So they had, you know,
373
00:18:40,476 --> 00:18:42,809
people that were Koran memorizers,
374
00:18:42,810 --> 00:18:45,058
religious scholars, and they,
375
00:18:45,059 --> 00:18:46,475
they rounded these people up
376
00:18:46,476 --> 00:18:47,932
and they sold them off into slavery,
377
00:18:47,933 --> 00:18:49,559
and you've got accounts that come, you know,
378
00:18:49,560 --> 00:18:52,932
from French slave traders like Jean Barbot in 1681
379
00:18:52,933 --> 00:18:54,559
where he says, "I think there was somebody like this
380
00:18:54,560 --> 00:18:56,434
on one of the ships that I filled in Gorée."
381
00:18:56,435 --> 00:19:00,932
He said, "This black priest was aboard, was aboard my boat
382
00:19:00,933 --> 00:19:02,932
"for two months before he spoke a word,
383
00:19:02,933 --> 00:19:04,142
"so deep was his sorrow.
384
00:19:04,143 --> 00:19:06,142
I sold him in the American islands."
385
00:19:06,934 --> 00:19:10,932
So the... the clerics weren't used to this sort of treatment.
386
00:19:10,933 --> 00:19:14,932
Kings violated, you know, traditional protocols
387
00:19:14,933 --> 00:19:19,308
by enslaving clerics en mass e, and so this leads
388
00:19:19,309 --> 00:19:22,642
to really heightened tension in the 18th century,
389
00:19:22,643 --> 00:19:24,932
but it also leads to a situation in the 18th century
390
00:19:24,933 --> 00:19:26,932
where the clerics are politically weak.
391
00:19:26,933 --> 00:19:28,932
And it's part of the reason why the slave trade
392
00:19:28,933 --> 00:19:31,642
becomes so extensive from the region. Right.
393
00:19:31,643 --> 00:19:34,058
And there's all kinds of critiques that come
394
00:19:34,059 --> 00:19:35,767
from the clerical class now about this,
395
00:19:35,768 --> 00:19:38,475
essentially that their rulers in this society
396
00:19:38,476 --> 00:19:40,392
who are people that call themselves Muslims,
397
00:19:40,393 --> 00:19:42,725
they don't identify with any other religion,
398
00:19:42,726 --> 00:19:48,100
but they're trading their own citizens, Muslims,
399
00:19:48,101 --> 00:19:53,559
for rum, and guns, and nice cloth.
400
00:19:53,560 --> 00:19:54,892
And that's the kind of thing
401
00:19:54,893 --> 00:19:56,892
that is going to lead to a really powerful
402
00:19:56,893 --> 00:19:59,932
and bitter critique on the part of the clerics.
403
00:19:59,933 --> 00:20:02,225
This is a notion which is very pervasive
404
00:20:02,226 --> 00:20:03,932
in a lot of the scholarship,
405
00:20:03,933 --> 00:20:06,350
that slavery and Islam somehow go together.
406
00:20:06,351 --> 00:20:06,933
Yeah.
407
00:20:06,934 --> 00:20:08,975
Either that there is a, there is something
408
00:20:08,976 --> 00:20:11,684
in the faith that licenses it,
409
00:20:11,685 --> 00:20:13,058
that with the spread of Islam
410
00:20:13,059 --> 00:20:14,475
goes the spread of slavery.
411
00:20:14,476 --> 00:20:15,932
There's your local story,
412
00:20:15,933 --> 00:20:17,142
but I also get the sense
413
00:20:17,143 --> 00:20:19,725
that you're telling a much bigger story
414
00:20:19,726 --> 00:20:21,058
about how we think about Islam,
415
00:20:21,059 --> 00:20:21,934
how we think about slavery,
416
00:20:21,935 --> 00:20:24,851
and what their relationship is to each other.
417
00:20:24,852 --> 00:20:28,183
So, the short answer is that we were told a lie
418
00:20:28,184 --> 00:20:31,851
by late 19th- and early 20th-century orientalists
419
00:20:31,852 --> 00:20:35,684
who suggested that... that slavery and Islam
420
00:20:35,685 --> 00:20:37,267
were coterminous, and this was part
421
00:20:37,268 --> 00:20:42,100
of a very motivated attempt both to denigrate
422
00:20:42,101 --> 00:20:44,932
African societies and Muslim societies.
423
00:20:44,933 --> 00:20:49,142
And, and to monopolize claims on freedom
424
00:20:49,143 --> 00:20:50,559
and emancipator y thought
425
00:20:50,560 --> 00:20:53,684
within a Western post-enlightenment tradition.
426
00:20:53,685 --> 00:20:55,559
So that Islam and African society
427
00:20:55,560 --> 00:20:58,642
become coterminous with slavery and despotism,
428
00:20:58,643 --> 00:21:00,932
and the white people are to be given credit
429
00:21:00,933 --> 00:21:03,183
for everything that was ever liberator y
430
00:21:03,184 --> 00:21:06,016
or emancipator y in human thought.
431
00:21:06,017 --> 00:21:08,809
And so the way in which we approached
432
00:21:08,810 --> 00:21:10,892
the question of the relationship
433
00:21:10,893 --> 00:21:13,932
between slavery and Islam was not historical.
434
00:21:13,933 --> 00:21:18,932
It was polemical, and people refer
435
00:21:18,933 --> 00:21:21,851
to particular canonical text,
436
00:21:21,852 --> 00:21:23,517
not the Koran itself,
437
00:21:23,518 --> 00:21:25,767
almost never the Koran itself,
438
00:21:25,768 --> 00:21:26,932
but to later legal text
439
00:21:26,933 --> 00:21:30,267
to paint a portrait of an Islamic law
440
00:21:30,268 --> 00:21:32,183
that was accepting of slavery.
441
00:21:32,184 --> 00:21:35,392
Whereas once you start to scratch the surface
442
00:21:35,393 --> 00:21:37,809
of the actual legal opinions,
443
00:21:37,810 --> 00:21:39,932
you realize that nobody agreed about anything,
444
00:21:39,933 --> 00:21:42,684
and there were people that never accepted the idea
445
00:21:42,685 --> 00:21:45,434
that any enslavement could happen
446
00:21:45,435 --> 00:21:49,267
beyond the time of the original wars
447
00:21:49,268 --> 00:21:51,100
that the prophet himself directed.
448
00:21:51,101 --> 00:21:53,350
And that he himself had freed any person
449
00:21:53,351 --> 00:21:55,559
that he had ever owned during his life
450
00:21:55,560 --> 00:21:56,435
before he died,
451
00:21:56,436 --> 00:21:58,225
and that there was a very powerful
452
00:21:58,226 --> 00:22:03,642
thread of antislavery thought within Islam that was being
453
00:22:03,643 --> 00:22:04,932
systematically downplayed.
454
00:22:04,933 --> 00:22:09,434
So what I was doing is trying to tell a historical story
455
00:22:09,435 --> 00:22:10,101
that gave expression
456
00:22:10,102 --> 00:22:12,933
to some of that intellectual ambivalence
457
00:22:12,934 --> 00:22:14,892
about slavery within Muslim societies
458
00:22:14,893 --> 00:22:17,932
and to see that people actually found resources
459
00:22:17,933 --> 00:22:21,142
to think against slavery
460
00:22:21,143 --> 00:22:22,475
within conventional Islamic thought.
461
00:22:22,476 --> 00:22:24,851
This revolution in the Senegal River Valley
462
00:22:24,852 --> 00:22:28,183
was framed by a series
463
00:22:28,184 --> 00:22:30,350
of conspicuous incidences of enslavement
464
00:22:30,351 --> 00:22:32,932
of prominent clerics that increasingly
465
00:22:32,933 --> 00:22:34,058
radicalized the society.
466
00:22:34,059 --> 00:22:36,016
Clerics traditionally in this region were people
467
00:22:36,017 --> 00:22:37,932
who never held political power,
468
00:22:37,933 --> 00:22:40,642
they were generally forbidden to bear arms
469
00:22:40,643 --> 00:22:41,932
and they did so anyway.
470
00:22:41,933 --> 00:22:43,932
They taught themselves to do it, because they said,
471
00:22:43,933 --> 00:22:47,517
"If these are the kings that we've got, then no more kings."
472
00:22:47,518 --> 00:22:50,892
They not only tried to abolish the...
473
00:22:50,893 --> 00:22:51,932
first the slave trade,
474
00:22:51,933 --> 00:22:53,725
then the institution of slavery itself,
475
00:22:53,726 --> 00:22:56,932
but they also abolished monarchy
476
00:22:56,933 --> 00:23:00,932
and introduced a kind of form of clerical republicanism,
477
00:23:00,933 --> 00:23:01,933
and that's where the first
478
00:23:01,934 --> 00:23:03,975
Atlantic revolution idea comes in,
479
00:23:03,976 --> 00:23:05,932
is that this is not just a revolution
480
00:23:05,933 --> 00:23:08,892
that is about defining the bounds of liberty
481
00:23:08,893 --> 00:23:10,767
in the same way that the American revolution
482
00:23:10,768 --> 00:23:13,016
or the Haitian revolution or the French revolution
483
00:23:13,017 --> 00:23:15,892
is trying to define what liberty is.
484
00:23:15,893 --> 00:23:17,225
Even if we end up selling out pretty hard
485
00:23:17,226 --> 00:23:21,559
on the whole slavery thing, in this particular country.
486
00:23:21,560 --> 00:23:24,142
But it's also one that, that is seeking
487
00:23:24,143 --> 00:23:25,308
to put an end to monarchy.
488
00:23:25,309 --> 00:23:26,226
This is an Atlantic revolution
489
00:23:26,227 --> 00:23:28,932
because some of its agents and lieutenants
490
00:23:28,933 --> 00:23:30,975
get exported as slaves, and they end up
491
00:23:30,976 --> 00:23:32,851
spreading word of this revolution
492
00:23:32,852 --> 00:23:33,933
in slave barracks.
493
00:23:33,934 --> 00:23:35,892
But it's particularly regrettable
494
00:23:35,893 --> 00:23:37,851
insofar as this story
495
00:23:37,852 --> 00:23:40,892
demonstrates that some of the genealogies
496
00:23:40,893 --> 00:23:45,100
of the values of liberty and emancipator y thought
497
00:23:45,101 --> 00:23:46,642
that we hold dear,
498
00:23:46,643 --> 00:23:50,933
were articulated not just by the, the ancestors
499
00:23:50,934 --> 00:23:53,475
of the European population in this country,
500
00:23:53,476 --> 00:23:56,559
but by the ancestors of the African population as well.
501
00:23:56,560 --> 00:23:58,225
And that they were articulated in terms
502
00:23:58,226 --> 00:24:00,308
that were thought through with respect
503
00:24:00,309 --> 00:24:02,267
to the Koran rather than the Bible.
504
00:24:02,268 --> 00:24:04,392
They were thought through with respect
505
00:24:04,393 --> 00:24:05,725
to the Atlantic experience
506
00:24:05,726 --> 00:24:07,225
of being the victim of the slave trade,
507
00:24:07,226 --> 00:24:08,932
rather than the Atlantic experience
508
00:24:08,933 --> 00:24:11,684
of being the progenitors of the slave trade.
509
00:24:11,685 --> 00:24:13,183
When groups come to power that are opposed
510
00:24:13,184 --> 00:24:13,933
to the Atlantic slave trade,
511
00:24:13,934 --> 00:24:16,475
the Europeans, while they might not be able to go in
512
00:24:16,476 --> 00:24:19,100
and force of the slave trade, they're perfectly
513
00:24:19,101 --> 00:24:20,975
capable of arming and providing
514
00:24:20,976 --> 00:24:23,851
logistical support and providing gunboats
515
00:24:23,852 --> 00:24:26,684
and soldiers to parties who are interested
516
00:24:26,685 --> 00:24:27,933
in continuing the trade.
517
00:24:27,934 --> 00:24:29,142
And that's what they do.
518
00:24:29,143 --> 00:24:29,934
Clarkson refers to this
519
00:24:29,935 --> 00:24:31,975
in his letters on the slave trade.
520
00:24:31,976 --> 00:24:34,932
He said the policy of Europeans in Africa
521
00:24:34,933 --> 00:24:38,016
is to... is to make, is to subvert
522
00:24:38,017 --> 00:24:40,183
the just principles of government
523
00:24:40,184 --> 00:24:41,809
and turn kings into wolves
524
00:24:41,810 --> 00:24:44,767
instead of shepherds amongst their people.
525
00:24:44,768 --> 00:24:45,932
And so the... if you want to just
526
00:24:45,933 --> 00:24:48,308
think about it in a word, the European policy
527
00:24:48,309 --> 00:24:53,183
in Africa is "feed the wolves, starve the shepherds."
528
00:25:14,518 --> 00:25:16,600
This is a really special library.
529
00:25:16,601 --> 00:25:17,892
This library is
530
00:25:17,893 --> 00:25:19,767
part of Lincoln Center.
531
00:25:19,768 --> 00:25:20,932
So, we share its mission
532
00:25:20,933 --> 00:25:24,392
of presenting artistic excellence
533
00:25:24,393 --> 00:25:25,932
of the highest caliber.
534
00:25:25,933 --> 00:25:28,517
We're also part of the New York Public Library,
535
00:25:28,518 --> 00:25:31,016
so we share the library's mission
536
00:25:31,017 --> 00:25:34,016
of being a warm, welcoming place
537
00:25:34,017 --> 00:25:37,684
that's committed to education and committed to nurturing
538
00:25:37,685 --> 00:25:41,142
everyone's individual passions and curiosity.
539
00:25:41,143 --> 00:25:42,183
And we like to think that
540
00:25:42,184 --> 00:25:44,932
we're a great marriage of those two missions,
541
00:25:44,933 --> 00:25:46,100
the mission of Lincoln Center
542
00:25:46,101 --> 00:25:48,975
and the mission of the New York Public Library.
543
00:25:48,976 --> 00:25:49,933
And this recital tonight
544
00:25:49,934 --> 00:25:53,725
really represents that well, in my opinion.
545
00:25:53,726 --> 00:25:56,392
We have some wonderful pieces of music,
546
00:25:56,393 --> 00:25:59,851
especially terrific work
547
00:25:59,852 --> 00:26:02,932
by the amazing composer Ned Rorem.
548
00:26:02,933 --> 00:26:05,975
Carolyn is an incredible pianist, a great artist.
549
00:26:05,976 --> 00:26:08,809
She's performed in many of the...
550
00:26:08,810 --> 00:26:09,975
our city's great performance halls,
551
00:26:09,976 --> 00:26:12,933
and she's also, I think, a wonderful embodiment
552
00:26:12,934 --> 00:26:16,183
of that welcoming, generous spirit
553
00:26:16,184 --> 00:26:19,560
that the Library tries to embody as well.
554
00:28:53,017 --> 00:28:54,932
There's so many more jobs than just running
555
00:28:54,933 --> 00:28:56,932
into a burning building and saving somebody.
556
00:28:56,933 --> 00:29:00,225
Like, there's a lot more to our job than this entails.
557
00:29:00,226 --> 00:29:03,308
Because we also have fire inspector.
558
00:29:03,309 --> 00:29:05,851
That's basically you're working in a building,
559
00:29:05,852 --> 00:29:08,058
you're starting in the 40s, moving up to $80,000,
560
00:29:08,059 --> 00:29:10,142
and basically, when we come to the building,
561
00:29:10,143 --> 00:29:10,933
you meet us out front,
562
00:29:10,934 --> 00:29:13,183
and you tell us where the alarm went off,
563
00:29:13,184 --> 00:29:15,932
and you basically tell us the outlay of the building.
564
00:29:15,933 --> 00:29:17,642
It's, it's like a hidden gem job.
565
00:29:17,643 --> 00:29:20,475
Like, I know the three people I helped get that job,
566
00:29:20,476 --> 00:29:21,476
they thanked me to and from,
567
00:29:21,477 --> 00:29:24,932
because it's great hours, you're working in a building.
568
00:29:24,933 --> 00:29:25,852
You're not a security guard,
569
00:29:25,853 --> 00:29:28,475
you're just basically doing the fire panel,
570
00:29:28,476 --> 00:29:30,932
and you learn the whole outlay of the building.
571
00:29:30,933 --> 00:29:33,058
And EMT, EMS guys, it's great.
572
00:29:33,059 --> 00:29:34,225
And from EMS, EMT,
573
00:29:34,226 --> 00:29:35,600
I don't know if you're interested
574
00:29:35,601 --> 00:29:36,268
in the medical field,
575
00:29:36,269 --> 00:29:37,932
I know people that become nurses.
576
00:29:37,933 --> 00:29:38,852
I know one person
577
00:29:38,853 --> 00:29:40,892
became an orthopedic surgeon.
578
00:29:40,893 --> 00:29:42,058
So I'm not saying you're going to do that,
579
00:29:42,059 --> 00:29:44,600
it's how much you like medical field,
580
00:29:44,601 --> 00:29:46,308
but it's a great stepping stone.
581
00:29:46,309 --> 00:29:48,350
It's unlimited overtime, it's a pension,
582
00:29:48,351 --> 00:29:49,932
you're on a bus with a partner,
583
00:29:49,933 --> 00:29:52,932
we call it a bus, an ambulance, and every day is different.
584
00:29:52,933 --> 00:29:55,100
A lot of ones I talk to, they love their job.
585
00:29:55,101 --> 00:29:55,933
Because, every run...
586
00:29:55,934 --> 00:29:58,350
I delivered a baby, which was amazing.
587
00:29:58,351 --> 00:29:59,933
And, you know, it blew my mind.
588
00:29:59,934 --> 00:30:02,932
But every day is different in the fire department, too.
589
00:30:02,933 --> 00:30:04,267
But I'm just saying, there's so many
590
00:30:04,268 --> 00:30:05,308
civil service jobs out there,
591
00:30:05,309 --> 00:30:09,016
I don't think people realize how many jobs we have to offer.
592
00:30:09,017 --> 00:30:10,350
You know, my dad made me take...
593
00:30:10,351 --> 00:30:12,142
I took sanitation, cops, corrections,
594
00:30:12,143 --> 00:30:15,225
he made me take all eight tests, and I did three of them.
595
00:30:15,226 --> 00:30:17,559
I was a correctional officer before Wall Street,
596
00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:18,268
then I became a cop,
597
00:30:18,269 --> 00:30:20,932
then I became a fireman, and this is the best job.
598
00:30:20,933 --> 00:30:22,642
I'm not just saying it because I'm a fireman.
599
00:30:22,643 --> 00:30:24,308
But there's so many outlooks out there.
600
00:30:24,309 --> 00:30:25,517
Like, you guys got to look for it.
601
00:30:25,518 --> 00:30:28,475
Like, the library offers you so much to do,
602
00:30:28,476 --> 00:30:29,892
but come see me at my desk,
603
00:30:29,893 --> 00:30:31,267
and I'm going to give you a piece of paper,
604
00:30:31,268 --> 00:30:33,932
write it down, too, to remember it... NYC.gov.
605
00:30:33,933 --> 00:30:36,100
There are hundreds of jobs on that website.
606
00:30:36,101 --> 00:30:37,932
We're looking to get strong women
607
00:30:37,933 --> 00:30:40,016
into our industry, into an industry
608
00:30:40,017 --> 00:30:43,225
that women aren't necessarily a big part of,
609
00:30:43,226 --> 00:30:45,142
but we're trying to get them to be a big part of.
610
00:30:45,143 --> 00:30:47,142
That's where the nontraditional part comes in.
611
00:30:47,143 --> 00:30:49,267
Because necessarily you won't see a lot of women
612
00:30:49,268 --> 00:30:50,268
on the construction site,
613
00:30:50,269 --> 00:30:51,434
but that's what we're trying to make it,
614
00:30:51,435 --> 00:30:54,434
so that more women are there, more women get the opportunity
615
00:30:54,435 --> 00:30:55,101
to do these things.
616
00:30:55,102 --> 00:30:57,600
Because we really do want women in the program,
617
00:30:57,601 --> 00:31:00,183
and the companies that we work with,
618
00:31:00,184 --> 00:31:03,308
the unions, carpentry, electric, millwrights,
619
00:31:03,309 --> 00:31:06,600
bricklayers, anything... All the unions you can think of,
620
00:31:06,601 --> 00:31:07,892
local unions.
621
00:31:07,893 --> 00:31:09,932
So, it's not just one field.
622
00:31:09,933 --> 00:31:11,225
Who wants to be your own boss?
623
00:31:11,226 --> 00:31:12,267
If we can't get a job,
624
00:31:12,268 --> 00:31:14,142
and we have a hobby,
625
00:31:14,143 --> 00:31:15,975
or we have something that we like,
626
00:31:15,976 --> 00:31:18,725
why not go to small business administration
627
00:31:18,726 --> 00:31:19,932
to help you get started?
628
00:31:19,933 --> 00:31:21,851
We'll help you with your marketing.
629
00:31:21,852 --> 00:31:22,932
You'll have a business counselor,
630
00:31:22,933 --> 00:31:25,932
you can go back and forth, as much as you want.
631
00:31:25,933 --> 00:31:29,183
This is... "I want to start this, I want to do this.
632
00:31:29,184 --> 00:31:30,225
I want to put it in writing."
633
00:31:30,226 --> 00:31:33,058
Because everybody... ideas, and it's in the head, right?
634
00:31:33,059 --> 00:31:34,809
You've got to put it in black and white.
635
00:31:34,810 --> 00:31:35,810
I'm a border patrol agent
636
00:31:35,811 --> 00:31:37,767
stationed here in northern New York.
637
00:31:37,768 --> 00:31:40,142
I started my career in Arizona.
638
00:31:40,143 --> 00:31:40,933
Um...
639
00:31:40,934 --> 00:31:43,517
If your mind is sharp, your body is tough,
640
00:31:43,518 --> 00:31:47,308
your soul is driven, you're built for the border.
641
00:31:47,309 --> 00:31:49,892
The United States Border Patrol is focused 24/7
642
00:31:49,893 --> 00:31:52,308
on securing our borders and safeguarding
643
00:31:52,309 --> 00:31:56,142
the American people from terrorism, drug smuggling,
644
00:31:56,143 --> 00:31:58,809
and illegal entry into our country.
645
00:31:58,810 --> 00:32:04,517
Agents are built to protect, it comes as second nature.
646
00:32:04,518 --> 00:32:05,184
Uh...
647
00:32:05,185 --> 00:32:06,225
We use age-old techniques
648
00:32:06,226 --> 00:32:07,932
and also cutting-edge technology,
649
00:32:07,933 --> 00:32:11,392
from, like, drones up in the sky to,
650
00:32:11,393 --> 00:32:16,183
you know, horse patrol units, to boat patrol units.
651
00:32:16,184 --> 00:32:16,933
Um...
652
00:32:16,934 --> 00:32:20,600
You know, we have a lot of tools to get the job done.
653
00:32:20,601 --> 00:32:23,392
The border patrol agents honor their heritage
654
00:32:23,393 --> 00:32:27,308
by protecting the American... by protecting America today.
655
00:32:27,309 --> 00:32:28,932
I am the associate director
656
00:32:28,933 --> 00:32:30,392
for the New York Public Library's
657
00:32:30,393 --> 00:32:31,101
Tech Connect department.
658
00:32:31,102 --> 00:32:34,016
So what we do is we actually offer free training,
659
00:32:34,017 --> 00:32:36,767
free classes in technology.
660
00:32:36,768 --> 00:32:37,933
Over 100 different topics.
661
00:32:37,934 --> 00:32:38,933
I have two positions,
662
00:32:38,934 --> 00:32:40,932
one is a full-time instructor position.
663
00:32:40,933 --> 00:32:43,392
The other is a part-time lab assistant position.
664
00:32:43,393 --> 00:32:45,933
I pay way more than minimum wage.
665
00:32:45,934 --> 00:32:47,434
Why? Because I'm looking for people
666
00:32:47,435 --> 00:32:50,142
who have some really good technical skills.
667
00:32:50,143 --> 00:32:52,350
We are here today so we can offer jobs
668
00:32:52,351 --> 00:32:56,933
to 17 to 35 qualified individuals.
669
00:32:56,934 --> 00:32:59,475
Um, you know, basically, you all know what we do.
670
00:32:59,476 --> 00:33:00,725
We do defend the country.
671
00:33:00,726 --> 00:33:04,933
I'm here for active Army and Army Reserve, 17 to 35.
672
00:33:04,934 --> 00:33:09,559
We are always hiring at Morris Heights Health Center,
673
00:33:09,560 --> 00:33:11,642
and we always have opportunities,
674
00:33:11,643 --> 00:33:14,267
whether it's for administration, whether it's for marketing,
675
00:33:14,268 --> 00:33:17,684
whether it's for health care, customer service, clerical,
676
00:33:17,685 --> 00:33:20,932
you name it, we've got it at Morris Heights.
677
00:33:20,933 --> 00:33:21,810
We do have a table
678
00:33:21,811 --> 00:33:23,932
where we're providing free screenings today.
679
00:33:23,933 --> 00:33:25,267
We're checking the blood pressure,
680
00:33:25,268 --> 00:33:27,308
we're checking the sugar, and we're also
681
00:33:27,309 --> 00:33:32,016
doing rapid H.I.V. testing today, completely free.
682
00:33:32,017 --> 00:33:35,267
Did you hear that? Free.
683
00:33:35,268 --> 00:33:36,350
The idea of Gotcha Techs
684
00:33:36,351 --> 00:33:39,058
has been to help the community in ways that we are here
685
00:33:39,059 --> 00:33:40,932
working with the public library.
686
00:33:40,933 --> 00:33:45,350
So, don't think because you don't have skills currently
687
00:33:45,351 --> 00:33:47,016
that you can't attain those skills.
688
00:33:47,017 --> 00:33:49,434
Because we also work with and promote
689
00:33:49,435 --> 00:33:50,184
the library's program,
690
00:33:50,185 --> 00:33:52,932
which is the Tech Connect program here at the library.
691
00:33:52,933 --> 00:33:56,932
It does a lot of training to help lift your skillset.
692
00:33:58,768 --> 00:34:00,809
So we're going to pause for a minute.
693
00:34:07,685 --> 00:34:11,475
We've got people who are working right now
694
00:34:11,476 --> 00:34:12,891
who are not job-ready.
695
00:34:12,893 --> 00:34:14,684
The trend is, people are getting jobs
696
00:34:14,685 --> 00:34:15,931
based on who you know.
697
00:34:15,933 --> 00:34:17,266
So, one of the things I want to do is
698
00:34:17,268 --> 00:34:18,143
I want to continue
699
00:34:18,143 --> 00:34:19,766
to add value to people.
700
00:34:19,768 --> 00:34:22,016
It doesn't matter what kind of jobs you've had,
701
00:34:22,016 --> 00:34:22,934
what kind of experience.
702
00:34:22,935 --> 00:34:26,141
If you're eager to work, I can work with you.
703
00:34:26,143 --> 00:34:28,350
Hey, you might have the education,
704
00:34:28,351 --> 00:34:30,016
you might have the experience.
705
00:34:30,016 --> 00:34:32,266
But the question is, are you going to be
706
00:34:32,268 --> 00:34:34,559
a good fit to work here?
707
00:34:34,560 --> 00:34:35,684
They're looking at your personality.
708
00:34:35,685 --> 00:34:38,100
And the first five minutes of your interview
709
00:34:38,101 --> 00:34:40,225
will determine whether you get the job or not.
710
00:34:40,226 --> 00:34:41,475
Now you need to synchronize
711
00:34:41,476 --> 00:34:43,931
your responses with your body language.
712
00:34:43,933 --> 00:34:46,931
"Are you a people-person, Ms. Rodriguez?"
713
00:34:46,933 --> 00:34:48,725
"Yes, I'm a people person."
714
00:34:48,726 --> 00:34:50,684
"Mr. Torres, why should we hire you?"
715
00:34:50,685 --> 00:34:52,933
"You should hire me because I have...
716
00:34:52,934 --> 00:34:56,225
I'm very enthusiastic and I have passion."
717
00:34:56,226 --> 00:34:57,016
That's what we want.
718
00:34:57,018 --> 00:34:58,475
We want your transferrable skills
719
00:34:58,476 --> 00:35:02,933
to be transparent, so people can see that passion.
720
00:35:02,934 --> 00:35:04,932
What are your top three assets?
721
00:35:04,933 --> 00:35:07,851
You need to bring that out in an interview, okay?
722
00:35:07,852 --> 00:35:09,767
Otherwise, they won't see that.
723
00:35:09,768 --> 00:35:10,932
You know, an interview's like
724
00:35:10,933 --> 00:35:12,267
a cat-and-mouse game, right?
725
00:35:12,268 --> 00:35:13,101
"Tell me about yourself."
726
00:35:13,102 --> 00:35:14,933
"Well, I'm only going to give you limited stuff."
727
00:35:14,934 --> 00:35:16,142
It's a cat-and-mouse game.
728
00:35:16,143 --> 00:35:19,517
No, you've got to be brutally transparent.
729
00:35:19,518 --> 00:35:20,642
You want that job?
730
00:35:20,643 --> 00:35:21,851
You've got nothing to lose.
731
00:35:21,852 --> 00:35:24,308
Be transparent, be honest.
732
00:35:24,309 --> 00:35:25,726
Right?
733
00:35:26,268 --> 00:35:27,932
What have you got to lose?
734
00:35:44,017 --> 00:35:47,434
We are in a transformation of our branches
735
00:35:47,435 --> 00:35:49,600
from the wonderful but passive
736
00:35:49,601 --> 00:35:54,975
repositories and spaces to education centers.
737
00:35:54,976 --> 00:35:55,685
Right?
738
00:35:55,686 --> 00:35:56,932
That was my commitment to the board.
739
00:35:56,933 --> 00:35:59,600
The other commitment I made to the board is...
740
00:35:59,601 --> 00:36:01,058
And we will do this to the extent
741
00:36:01,059 --> 00:36:03,392
that we can find the resources to do it,
742
00:36:03,393 --> 00:36:05,600
we will not steal resources
743
00:36:05,601 --> 00:36:08,932
from elsewhere in the system to do this,
744
00:36:08,933 --> 00:36:10,975
I'm sticking to those commitments.
745
00:36:10,976 --> 00:36:16,058
The... what I, the way I read that, it says,
746
00:36:16,059 --> 00:36:19,932
we have to maximize how much money
747
00:36:19,933 --> 00:36:26,932
we can get or use from the city to do the middle band,
748
00:36:26,933 --> 00:36:30,932
so the... not just drop-in, but not as intensive...
749
00:36:30,933 --> 00:36:31,810
Right. Yeah.
750
00:36:31,811 --> 00:36:35,225
And the most intensive band, even if that means
751
00:36:35,226 --> 00:36:38,058
changing our model of delivery...
752
00:36:38,059 --> 00:36:39,559
Right.
753
00:36:39,560 --> 00:36:41,851
To fit RF P
754
00:36:41,852 --> 00:36:43,183
and the city's agenda. Yeah.
755
00:36:43,184 --> 00:36:43,976
Right? Yeah.
756
00:36:43,977 --> 00:36:47,932
If we want to do more than that,
757
00:36:47,933 --> 00:36:48,933
it will be dependent
758
00:36:48,934 --> 00:36:52,142
on finding the private resources to do more than that. Right.
759
00:36:52,143 --> 00:36:53,101
Right? In a sense,
760
00:36:53,102 --> 00:36:55,932
we should set our educational priorities,
761
00:36:55,933 --> 00:36:58,350
and then let our scale decisions
762
00:36:58,351 --> 00:37:00,932
be guided by the resources we can find.
763
00:37:00,933 --> 00:37:03,225
And the... With the first priority being
764
00:37:03,226 --> 00:37:07,517
redirecting and locking in city resources.
765
00:37:07,518 --> 00:37:10,100
So maybe another way to look at this is to say,
766
00:37:10,101 --> 00:37:13,475
we need to be sustainable in these two places.
767
00:37:13,476 --> 00:37:14,393
I'm just trying to say,
768
00:37:14,394 --> 00:37:16,142
where is sustainability key, right?
769
00:37:16,143 --> 00:37:18,932
Because we can't predict where the city money
770
00:37:18,933 --> 00:37:21,684
is necessarily going to go every year, right?
771
00:37:21,685 --> 00:37:23,058
That's very unpredictable.
772
00:37:23,059 --> 00:37:25,684
And so is the development resources.
773
00:37:25,685 --> 00:37:28,183
So we're financially unpredictable.
774
00:37:28,184 --> 00:37:29,143
Does that make sense?
775
00:37:29,144 --> 00:37:31,767
So if we want to make sure you're committed
776
00:37:31,768 --> 00:37:33,517
to some sort of sustainability,
777
00:37:33,518 --> 00:37:36,725
are we saying that that is in the early literacy,
778
00:37:36,726 --> 00:37:39,932
and this second band, right?
779
00:37:39,933 --> 00:37:42,809
And is this a wonderful thing to have,
780
00:37:42,810 --> 00:37:43,810
but when you can't afford it,
781
00:37:43,811 --> 00:37:45,932
that's what you get out of it.
782
00:37:45,933 --> 00:37:48,183
Except to the degree we can shift
783
00:37:48,184 --> 00:37:50,932
to the city's programming... Right.
784
00:37:50,933 --> 00:37:53,932
To meet this, because the mayor is committed
785
00:37:53,933 --> 00:37:56,434
to additional after school. Right.
786
00:37:56,435 --> 00:37:58,183
And if it means... that means
787
00:37:58,184 --> 00:37:59,434
we're doing five-day-a-week
788
00:37:59,435 --> 00:38:01,267
instead of two-and-a-half-day-a-week,
789
00:38:01,268 --> 00:38:03,684
less kids, the same facilities,
790
00:38:03,685 --> 00:38:07,142
that's a good outcome, as far as I'm concerned.
791
00:38:07,143 --> 00:38:09,517
The... so...
792
00:38:09,518 --> 00:38:12,684
yes, in general, I think that's right.
793
00:38:12,685 --> 00:38:15,016
But that doesn't mean we shouldn't try to continue
794
00:38:15,017 --> 00:38:17,016
to find private funds to do more, right?
795
00:38:17,017 --> 00:38:18,642
Right, yeah, of course.
796
00:38:18,643 --> 00:38:19,601
But I think it's really important
797
00:38:19,602 --> 00:38:24,517
that private fund raising is a reaction
798
00:38:24,518 --> 00:38:26,517
to our priorities and plans,
799
00:38:26,518 --> 00:38:28,933
rather than that we are given money
800
00:38:28,934 --> 00:38:31,058
that tells us how to do programming.
801
00:38:31,059 --> 00:38:32,475
So I think that's the first thing
802
00:38:32,476 --> 00:38:33,851
we all have to agree on... Right.
803
00:38:33,852 --> 00:38:36,932
Because I think in the past there has been some, like,
804
00:38:36,933 --> 00:38:39,892
somebody wants to do something and we're like, "Okay."
805
00:38:39,893 --> 00:38:41,267
You know? No, no, absolutely.
806
00:38:41,268 --> 00:38:43,517
And we are setting those priorities...
807
00:38:43,518 --> 00:38:45,559
Right here. With the banding.
808
00:38:45,560 --> 00:38:46,600
Right, okay. Yes.
809
00:38:46,601 --> 00:38:47,932
I understand that, right?
810
00:38:47,933 --> 00:38:49,058
The...
811
00:38:49,059 --> 00:38:52,517
And I think we, if we can focus on what is,
812
00:38:52,518 --> 00:38:55,183
I mean, we have the capability to, A,
813
00:38:55,184 --> 00:38:57,684
find donors that are interested
814
00:38:57,685 --> 00:38:58,725
in the things we're doing,
815
00:38:58,726 --> 00:39:00,058
but also turn donors that think
816
00:39:00,059 --> 00:39:02,559
they want to start new programs and have ideas
817
00:39:02,560 --> 00:39:04,058
away from those ideas... Away.
818
00:39:04,059 --> 00:39:08,933
And into something that's a more sustainable,
819
00:39:08,934 --> 00:39:10,434
strategic program. Agreed.
820
00:39:10,435 --> 00:39:11,892
But one of the ways we said
821
00:39:11,893 --> 00:39:13,975
that was sustainable is invest in this,
822
00:39:13,976 --> 00:39:16,933
it will demonstrate to the city that they should invest now,
823
00:39:16,934 --> 00:39:19,100
and then money flips over,
824
00:39:19,101 --> 00:39:21,100
which is the process we're in the middle of...
825
00:39:21,101 --> 00:39:21,976
Right. Which also requires
826
00:39:21,977 --> 00:39:25,517
some, some tweaks of our policy choices,
827
00:39:25,518 --> 00:39:27,517
which is fine as long as we're still
828
00:39:27,518 --> 00:39:28,932
doing what we want to
829
00:39:28,933 --> 00:39:31,308
and believe the citizens need us to do.
830
00:39:31,309 --> 00:39:32,851
I mean, the way I think about this
831
00:39:32,852 --> 00:39:34,600
on a macro scale... Iris, tell me
832
00:39:34,601 --> 00:39:37,350
whether this is cockamamie or not,
833
00:39:37,351 --> 00:39:41,932
is, since 2008... cut, city cuts,
834
00:39:41,933 --> 00:39:45,932
learned massive efficiencies, you know, with thanks
835
00:39:45,933 --> 00:39:51,559
to Christopher and everyone in the branches.
836
00:39:51,560 --> 00:39:55,100
Now the money is moving towards restoration.
837
00:39:55,101 --> 00:40:00,975
Rather than use those resources to sort of simply go back
838
00:40:00,976 --> 00:40:02,600
to our previous practices,
839
00:40:02,601 --> 00:40:04,932
some of which we learned were more inefficient
840
00:40:04,933 --> 00:40:09,267
than they needed to be, to use that reinvestment
841
00:40:09,268 --> 00:40:10,851
for two purposes.
842
00:40:10,852 --> 00:40:12,392
One, additional time,
843
00:40:12,393 --> 00:40:15,809
that just takes staff, et cetera, of all kinds.
844
00:40:15,810 --> 00:40:18,932
And, two, additional educational programming.
845
00:40:18,933 --> 00:40:21,475
Is that... that's my general...
846
00:40:21,476 --> 00:40:24,642
And to the degree that private money
847
00:40:24,643 --> 00:40:30,142
helps to seed that and add to that on top,
848
00:40:30,143 --> 00:40:30,893
that's great.
849
00:40:30,894 --> 00:40:33,975
Remember, this is a public-private partnership.
850
00:40:33,976 --> 00:40:35,851
So we use private money
851
00:40:35,852 --> 00:40:39,684
to try to jumpstart public money.
852
00:40:39,685 --> 00:40:42,225
Now, let's use public money
853
00:40:42,226 --> 00:40:45,932
to try to up the ante for private money.
854
00:40:45,933 --> 00:40:48,933
That's how this builds, right?
855
00:44:06,476 --> 00:44:09,392
So, hi everybody,
856
00:44:09,393 --> 00:44:11,517
thanks for coming.
857
00:44:11,518 --> 00:44:13,016
This is my favorite day of the whole semester,
858
00:44:13,017 --> 00:44:15,183
coming to the picture collection.
859
00:44:15,184 --> 00:44:17,932
And I'm going to hand it over to Billy,
860
00:44:17,933 --> 00:44:19,434
who's going to explain
861
00:44:19,435 --> 00:44:22,932
how this particular section of the library works,
862
00:44:22,933 --> 00:44:28,933
and how we will be working here, finding our inspiration.
863
00:44:28,934 --> 00:44:29,852
Okay, so, welcome.
864
00:44:29,853 --> 00:44:33,642
This collection opened in 1915
865
00:44:33,643 --> 00:44:35,267
at the main library across the street,
866
00:44:35,268 --> 00:44:36,933
the Stephen A. Schwarzman Building,
867
00:44:36,934 --> 00:44:37,975
the one with the lions.
868
00:44:37,976 --> 00:44:40,267
If you think about what was happening in New York City
869
00:44:40,268 --> 00:44:42,142
at that time, 1915,
870
00:44:42,143 --> 00:44:44,308
so like right at the tail end
871
00:44:44,309 --> 00:44:48,058
of the immigration explosion,
872
00:44:48,059 --> 00:44:49,932
um, and if you think of how that affects
873
00:44:49,933 --> 00:44:51,475
absolutely everything,
874
00:44:51,476 --> 00:44:53,392
from businesses to advertising,
875
00:44:53,393 --> 00:44:58,767
and artists having new jobs, or more jobs,
876
00:44:58,768 --> 00:44:59,932
so lots of artists at that time period,
877
00:44:59,933 --> 00:45:02,016
if you think of the environment they were working in,
878
00:45:02,017 --> 00:45:06,434
they had lots of things, new jobs, advertising.
879
00:45:06,435 --> 00:45:07,559
Instead of going across the street
880
00:45:07,560 --> 00:45:09,809
with very specific needs, you know,
881
00:45:09,810 --> 00:45:10,810
"I need a picture of this
882
00:45:10,811 --> 00:45:13,100
'cause I have an ad that's... the deadline's tomorrow."
883
00:45:13,101 --> 00:45:16,183
And we actually have examples of the things
884
00:45:16,184 --> 00:45:17,143
people were asking for.
885
00:45:17,143 --> 00:45:17,934
We kept journals at that time
886
00:45:17,935 --> 00:45:19,517
to see what they were asking for,
887
00:45:19,518 --> 00:45:20,393
in case we had it or not.
888
00:45:20,394 --> 00:45:22,559
And some of this stuff was really, really specific.
889
00:45:22,560 --> 00:45:24,350
Like, "I need a picture of dolls being carried
890
00:45:24,351 --> 00:45:28,434
into France by an Italian in the 18th century."
891
00:45:28,435 --> 00:45:29,642
Like, you know, I don't know
892
00:45:29,643 --> 00:45:30,932
what the person was working on.
893
00:45:30,933 --> 00:45:32,600
A lot of the times things are just simple.
894
00:45:32,601 --> 00:45:33,684
I need a picture of a giraffe,
895
00:45:33,685 --> 00:45:35,932
or a picture of somebody holding an umbrella.
896
00:45:35,933 --> 00:45:37,725
Sometimes it's really complicated.
897
00:45:37,726 --> 00:45:41,142
And that library has millions of pictures.
898
00:45:41,143 --> 00:45:42,183
They've got lots of stuff.
899
00:45:42,184 --> 00:45:44,642
The problem is, the way it's organized,
900
00:45:44,643 --> 00:45:46,851
it's by creator's name and title.
901
00:45:46,852 --> 00:45:48,434
So if it's a picture of a giraffe,
902
00:45:48,435 --> 00:45:50,809
but taken by a particular photographer,
903
00:45:50,810 --> 00:45:52,892
or you know, it's a printmaking,
904
00:45:52,893 --> 00:45:54,642
you know, an etching or something,
905
00:45:54,643 --> 00:45:55,393
that's how it's organized.
906
00:45:55,394 --> 00:45:56,809
So if you go in looking for something
907
00:45:56,810 --> 00:46:00,559
based on a subject, it's hard to find.
908
00:46:00,560 --> 00:46:01,684
So what they slowly started doing
909
00:46:01,685 --> 00:46:04,016
is collecting stuff by subject heading.
910
00:46:04,017 --> 00:46:05,932
So when somebody came in looking for pictures
911
00:46:05,933 --> 00:46:07,350
of fortune tellers,
912
00:46:07,351 --> 00:46:08,767
or pictures of people in raincoats,
913
00:46:08,768 --> 00:46:11,267
or pictures of people seen from behind,
914
00:46:11,268 --> 00:46:12,226
there would just be a folder,
915
00:46:12,227 --> 00:46:13,851
and those things would be in that folder.
916
00:46:13,852 --> 00:46:15,809
And a hundred years later, we're still here.
917
00:46:15,810 --> 00:46:17,932
So yeah, so the past hundred years,
918
00:46:17,933 --> 00:46:20,932
every single working artist in New York City
919
00:46:20,933 --> 00:46:21,933
probably used this collection.
920
00:46:21,934 --> 00:46:24,892
In the '30s, Diego Rivera, when he was doing murals,
921
00:46:24,893 --> 00:46:27,517
had a little incident at Rockefeller Center,
922
00:46:27,518 --> 00:46:30,932
some of you might know about.
923
00:46:30,933 --> 00:46:31,975
And later that year, he was doing
924
00:46:31,976 --> 00:46:36,559
labor union hall murals at the New Workers School.
925
00:46:36,560 --> 00:46:38,932
He sent people to this collection.
926
00:46:38,933 --> 00:46:42,933
Joseph Cornell lived in Queens on Utopia Parkway.
927
00:46:42,934 --> 00:46:44,434
He used this collection constantly,
928
00:46:44,435 --> 00:46:47,016
if you've ever seen his boxes in his collages.
929
00:46:47,017 --> 00:46:48,392
Most of the images in those boxes
930
00:46:48,393 --> 00:46:51,434
were, like, sourced from the picture collection.
931
00:46:51,435 --> 00:46:55,475
Andy Warhol stole lots of stuff from us.
932
00:46:55,476 --> 00:46:56,517
I'll stop a little bit,
933
00:46:56,518 --> 00:46:57,518
I'll let Jay jump in,
934
00:46:57,519 --> 00:46:59,142
and if you have a question, just ask.
935
00:46:59,143 --> 00:47:05,225
This is the world's largest circulating free picture file.
936
00:47:05,226 --> 00:47:07,851
And, as he was mentioning,
937
00:47:07,852 --> 00:47:10,350
this is a place that's meant to be used
938
00:47:10,351 --> 00:47:11,932
by people who make things
939
00:47:11,933 --> 00:47:14,600
and think of ideas and are artists.
940
00:47:14,601 --> 00:47:15,642
You don't need to wear gloves,
941
00:47:15,643 --> 00:47:16,975
you don't need to make an appointment,
942
00:47:16,976 --> 00:47:18,932
we don't keep things in plastic bags,
943
00:47:18,933 --> 00:47:21,517
like baseball cards or old comic books.
944
00:47:21,518 --> 00:47:25,809
You're encouraged to use what is here.
945
00:47:25,810 --> 00:47:27,809
So, as an example
946
00:47:27,810 --> 00:47:31,100
of what you see around you in all these files,
947
00:47:31,101 --> 00:47:36,933
this is a file called "Dogs in Action."
948
00:47:36,934 --> 00:47:37,933
We have lots of dog files.
949
00:47:37,934 --> 00:47:40,932
There's dogs by breed, there's just dogs in general.
950
00:47:40,933 --> 00:47:43,016
This is "Dogs in Action."
951
00:47:43,017 --> 00:47:45,932
Look at the range of pictures there are,
952
00:47:45,933 --> 00:47:48,976
and the different styles.
953
00:47:49,976 --> 00:47:54,643
There's a person having fun with a large dog.
954
00:47:55,101 --> 00:47:58,601
A dog that fetched the newspaper.
955
00:48:00,643 --> 00:48:01,933
Digging.
956
00:48:04,933 --> 00:48:07,059
Leaping and wet.
957
00:48:08,393 --> 00:48:09,101
Somebody trying
958
00:48:09,102 --> 00:48:10,600
to pull a dog's jaws open,
959
00:48:10,601 --> 00:48:13,893
maybe to give it a pill or something like that.
960
00:48:14,017 --> 00:48:17,684
A pit bull chewing a ball to pieces
961
00:48:17,685 --> 00:48:20,101
until there isn't anything left of it.
962
00:48:21,017 --> 00:48:25,225
A dog jumping out of a bathtub, from an ad.
963
00:48:25,226 --> 00:48:27,475
A dog, again, flying through the air,
964
00:48:27,476 --> 00:48:29,434
all four feet off the ground.
965
00:48:29,435 --> 00:48:33,225
And, again, tug of war with a piece of clothing.
966
00:48:33,226 --> 00:48:37,932
So, besides this being a file of dogs doing stuff,
967
00:48:37,933 --> 00:48:41,308
you saw the different range of pictures there were.
968
00:48:41,309 --> 00:48:46,932
Photos, drawings, prints, all different sorts of stuff.
969
00:48:46,933 --> 00:48:49,058
Different moods, some looked threatening,
970
00:48:49,059 --> 00:48:51,932
some looked silly, some looked happy.
971
00:48:51,933 --> 00:48:54,809
That's how this can be useful for you,
972
00:48:54,810 --> 00:48:57,932
because you're into drama and the stage.
973
00:48:57,933 --> 00:49:02,475
And what we have here is mostly arranged by topic.
974
00:49:02,476 --> 00:49:03,932
As was mentioned before,
975
00:49:03,933 --> 00:49:06,932
we have pictures of atomic explosions,
976
00:49:06,933 --> 00:49:10,434
pictures of shoes, of pickles, of umbrellas,
977
00:49:10,435 --> 00:49:11,932
all different sorts of things.
978
00:49:11,933 --> 00:49:17,933
There are very few pictures that are by mood or type.
979
00:49:17,934 --> 00:49:19,350
What the librarians here do,
980
00:49:19,351 --> 00:49:20,932
what the person at the desk does,
981
00:49:20,933 --> 00:49:22,100
if you ask them a question,
982
00:49:22,101 --> 00:49:24,932
they say, "What comes to your mind
983
00:49:24,933 --> 00:49:26,809
when you think of this?"
984
00:49:26,810 --> 00:49:29,559
If you can tell the person at the desk
985
00:49:29,560 --> 00:49:31,767
what you're thinking of,
986
00:49:31,768 --> 00:49:32,932
we can tell you the places
987
00:49:32,933 --> 00:49:34,975
to look to composite that.
988
00:49:34,976 --> 00:49:37,267
It's very much about inspiration,
989
00:49:37,268 --> 00:49:39,642
and about how we translate that inspiration
990
00:49:39,643 --> 00:49:42,932
into pictures of specific things.
991
00:49:42,933 --> 00:49:46,809
So what you see around you, all these files,
992
00:49:46,810 --> 00:49:51,016
each file is one subject or one thing
993
00:49:51,017 --> 00:49:54,225
or one occurrence or one happening.
994
00:49:54,226 --> 00:49:56,058
It's basically split into two halves.
995
00:49:56,059 --> 00:50:01,517
This wall, famous people, A to Z by last name.
996
00:50:01,518 --> 00:50:02,518
Royalty in the corner.
997
00:50:02,519 --> 00:50:04,392
They have their own because they're exclusive
998
00:50:04,393 --> 00:50:07,100
and don't want to mingle with the common people.
999
00:50:07,101 --> 00:50:08,932
And then there's everything else,
1000
00:50:08,933 --> 00:50:10,600
A to Z.
1001
00:50:10,601 --> 00:50:11,393
All these things
1002
00:50:11,394 --> 00:50:13,058
that we've described.
1003
00:50:13,059 --> 00:50:14,434
And the things that we have here,
1004
00:50:14,435 --> 00:50:17,142
the hundred years is important, too.
1005
00:50:17,143 --> 00:50:19,517
Because it's not like we started a year ago
1006
00:50:19,518 --> 00:50:21,975
and just looked for all these things
1007
00:50:21,976 --> 00:50:23,809
and filled up the files.
1008
00:50:23,810 --> 00:50:25,932
We have been clipping the pictures
1009
00:50:25,933 --> 00:50:26,726
for a hundred years
1010
00:50:26,727 --> 00:50:28,932
as these events were happening.
1011
00:50:28,933 --> 00:50:30,975
So there's not only the interest
1012
00:50:30,976 --> 00:50:32,308
of actually touching something
1013
00:50:32,309 --> 00:50:34,851
that might be 70 years old,
1014
00:50:34,852 --> 00:50:38,350
these are advertisements from that time period.
1015
00:50:38,351 --> 00:50:40,932
So you get to see the typefaces they used,
1016
00:50:40,933 --> 00:50:43,892
you get to see how they could reproduce color,
1017
00:50:43,893 --> 00:50:46,975
how they portrayed women, minorities,
1018
00:50:46,976 --> 00:50:47,933
things like that.
1019
00:50:47,934 --> 00:50:51,350
You can see the look of different things
1020
00:50:51,351 --> 00:50:53,933
changing through history as people's attitudes
1021
00:50:53,934 --> 00:50:56,809
and the technology of reproduction has changed.
1022
00:50:56,810 --> 00:51:00,267
So, it really is like looking back in time.
1023
00:51:00,268 --> 00:51:03,016
A lot of the '50s and '60s stuff here
1024
00:51:03,017 --> 00:51:05,058
is from the '50s and '60s.
1025
00:51:05,059 --> 00:51:06,851
There's stuff from the 1900s.
1026
00:51:06,852 --> 00:51:09,684
I'm going to give you time to go around
1027
00:51:09,685 --> 00:51:14,392
and look for the pictures for your specific scenes.
1028
00:51:14,393 --> 00:51:17,684
And if you want to share the folder, that's fine,
1029
00:51:17,685 --> 00:51:18,892
but have your own pictures.
1030
00:51:18,893 --> 00:51:20,725
So, you have your own inspiration,
1031
00:51:20,726 --> 00:51:22,933
your own research.
1032
00:53:18,351 --> 00:53:22,642
My grandparents were all second-generation New York Jews.
1033
00:53:22,643 --> 00:53:23,684
They were not immigrants,
1034
00:53:23,685 --> 00:53:25,932
they were the children of immigrants.
1035
00:53:25,933 --> 00:53:28,932
And I was very interested in the journey
1036
00:53:28,933 --> 00:53:30,225
that they took, right?
1037
00:53:30,226 --> 00:53:32,809
I mean, we talk a lot about the immigrant journey
1038
00:53:32,810 --> 00:53:36,684
from Eastern Europe to the Lower East Side, right?
1039
00:53:36,685 --> 00:53:38,183
But we don't think as much
1040
00:53:38,184 --> 00:53:40,932
about what it was like for their children,
1041
00:53:40,933 --> 00:53:45,932
who had the opportunity to become more American,
1042
00:53:45,933 --> 00:53:46,975
and yet they were still very much
1043
00:53:46,976 --> 00:53:49,725
tied to their parents and to the culture
1044
00:53:49,726 --> 00:53:50,932
that they had grown up in
1045
00:53:50,933 --> 00:53:52,058
on the Lower East Side.
1046
00:53:52,059 --> 00:53:53,892
And so my first book, I mean, my dissertation
1047
00:53:53,893 --> 00:53:57,225
and then my first book, was about the depiction
1048
00:53:57,226 --> 00:54:00,851
of second-generation New York Jewish life
1049
00:54:00,852 --> 00:54:01,393
in vaudeville,
1050
00:54:01,394 --> 00:54:04,932
and in silent film, and in Broadway theater,
1051
00:54:04,933 --> 00:54:07,932
and in music, and comic strips,
1052
00:54:07,933 --> 00:54:08,852
and comedy.
1053
00:54:08,853 --> 00:54:11,058
And then I realized, after I finished writing that,
1054
00:54:11,059 --> 00:54:14,434
there was a whole aspect to it that I hadn't explored,
1055
00:54:14,435 --> 00:54:17,932
which was, where did all of these scenes
1056
00:54:17,933 --> 00:54:21,932
in film and theater and comedy take place?
1057
00:54:21,933 --> 00:54:25,932
Well, they almost all took place in delis.
1058
00:54:27,059 --> 00:54:28,434
There was something about the deli
1059
00:54:28,435 --> 00:54:31,725
as a location of New York Jewish life
1060
00:54:31,726 --> 00:54:35,100
that had never really been analyzed.
1061
00:54:35,101 --> 00:54:36,142
And then I said to myself,
1062
00:54:36,143 --> 00:54:40,600
"Well, let me try to figure out, how many delis were there?"
1063
00:54:40,601 --> 00:54:42,142
And where were they located?
1064
00:54:42,143 --> 00:54:43,434
And what was their function
1065
00:54:43,435 --> 00:54:47,600
in terms of the social and economic life
1066
00:54:47,601 --> 00:54:49,434
of the Jews during that period?
1067
00:54:49,435 --> 00:54:51,932
The delicatessen, and the food that was served
1068
00:54:51,933 --> 00:54:54,225
in the delicatessen, become important
1069
00:54:54,226 --> 00:54:57,308
not just for Jews, but for the identity
1070
00:54:57,309 --> 00:54:58,932
of the city as a whole.
1071
00:54:58,933 --> 00:55:01,475
I mean, we think about New York as the Big Apple.
1072
00:55:01,476 --> 00:55:02,932
But I don't think most people,
1073
00:55:02,933 --> 00:55:06,392
when they come to New York, start eating apples.
1074
00:55:06,393 --> 00:55:08,267
: It's not the first thing
1075
00:55:08,268 --> 00:55:11,267
that you want to eat when you come to New York.
1076
00:55:11,268 --> 00:55:14,559
Right? People want to eat a pastrami sandwich.
1077
00:55:14,560 --> 00:55:16,767
And, you know what's interesting about both of those,
1078
00:55:16,768 --> 00:55:19,142
and I write about this in the book, that, again,
1079
00:55:19,143 --> 00:55:21,517
they're both symbols of carnality, right?
1080
00:55:21,518 --> 00:55:23,767
They both have a sexual undertone to them.
1081
00:55:23,768 --> 00:55:25,392
I mean, the apple, obviously,
1082
00:55:25,393 --> 00:55:27,600
right, from the bible.
1083
00:55:27,601 --> 00:55:28,932
And the overstuffed,
1084
00:55:28,933 --> 00:55:33,308
or in Yiddish, ongeshtopt, pastrami sandwich.
1085
00:55:33,309 --> 00:55:35,932
There is a kind of very crude
1086
00:55:35,933 --> 00:55:37,434
sexual imagery.
1087
00:55:37,435 --> 00:55:38,059
This was the time
1088
00:55:38,060 --> 00:55:40,267
after the First World War that Jews are moving
1089
00:55:40,268 --> 00:55:43,183
out of the Lower East Side, they're moving to the Bronx,
1090
00:55:43,184 --> 00:55:43,933
they're moving to Brooklyn,
1091
00:55:43,934 --> 00:55:45,684
all the places that we said before, right?
1092
00:55:45,685 --> 00:55:46,932
They're moving uptown to Harlem, which was
1093
00:55:46,933 --> 00:55:48,350
a very Jewish neighborhood
1094
00:55:48,351 --> 00:55:50,517
in the years between the wars.
1095
00:55:50,518 --> 00:55:54,684
And they are beginning somewhat to move more
1096
00:55:54,685 --> 00:55:56,350
into the mainstream of American society.
1097
00:55:56,351 --> 00:55:59,016
It's still a very, very anti-Semitic culture
1098
00:55:59,017 --> 00:56:00,932
that they're living in, right?
1099
00:56:00,933 --> 00:56:03,016
1920s is probably the most anti-Semitic
1100
00:56:03,017 --> 00:56:04,933
decade in American history.
1101
00:56:04,934 --> 00:56:06,892
You have the rise of the KKK,
1102
00:56:06,893 --> 00:56:08,475
you have Henry Ford, you know,
1103
00:56:08,476 --> 00:56:09,975
in the pages of the Dearborn Independent,
1104
00:56:09,976 --> 00:56:11,892
who was constantly fulminating against Jews
1105
00:56:11,893 --> 00:56:13,100
and saying that they're destroying...
1106
00:56:13,101 --> 00:56:15,684
You know, he's a follower of Adolf Hitler.
1107
00:56:15,685 --> 00:56:17,767
I mean, really bad anti-Semitism.
1108
00:56:17,768 --> 00:56:18,435
There's a red scare,
1109
00:56:18,436 --> 00:56:21,559
which is often associated with the Jews, right?
1110
00:56:21,560 --> 00:56:24,767
But Jews are finding
1111
00:56:24,768 --> 00:56:26,725
a niche, at least
1112
00:56:26,726 --> 00:56:28,932
in the New York economy, partly through
1113
00:56:28,933 --> 00:56:31,932
their involvement in the entertainment business,
1114
00:56:31,933 --> 00:56:33,932
because Jews are very, very heavily involved
1115
00:56:33,933 --> 00:56:35,725
in entertainment, right?
1116
00:56:35,726 --> 00:56:37,058
At a time when it's seen
1117
00:56:37,059 --> 00:56:39,725
to be quite disreputable to be making movies
1118
00:56:39,726 --> 00:56:41,016
and to be involved in the theater,
1119
00:56:41,017 --> 00:56:42,600
and so on and so forth.
1120
00:56:42,601 --> 00:56:44,684
And they also are moving very much
1121
00:56:44,685 --> 00:56:46,225
into food-related businesses.
1122
00:56:46,226 --> 00:56:48,225
And, of course, they're very involved
1123
00:56:48,226 --> 00:56:50,932
in the garment industry, right?
1124
00:56:50,933 --> 00:56:52,809
And they have a sense of popular taste
1125
00:56:52,810 --> 00:56:55,932
and what people want and what people are...
1126
00:56:55,933 --> 00:56:56,933
Are looking for.
1127
00:56:56,933 --> 00:56:57,933
So, World War II...
1128
00:56:57,934 --> 00:57:00,933
"Send a salami to your boy in the army."
1129
00:57:00,934 --> 00:57:02,932
"Send a salami." Why are you sending a salami?
1130
00:57:02,933 --> 00:57:04,267
This gets back to this whole theme
1131
00:57:04,268 --> 00:57:05,933
that I've been talking about, right,
1132
00:57:05,934 --> 00:57:06,933
of sexuality.
1133
00:57:06,934 --> 00:57:08,016
Why are you sending a salami?
1134
00:57:08,017 --> 00:57:08,933
There's a reason, right?
1135
00:57:08,934 --> 00:57:10,642
I mean, it's this sort of phallic symbol.
1136
00:57:10,643 --> 00:57:14,016
And so, if the whole point is that you're sending a salami
1137
00:57:14,017 --> 00:57:16,642
to give your son a dose of virility
1138
00:57:16,643 --> 00:57:17,932
so that he can defeat the enemy
1139
00:57:17,933 --> 00:57:21,225
and return safely to the bosom of his family, right?
1140
00:57:21,226 --> 00:57:23,142
I mean, that's the whole point of it, right?
1141
00:57:23,143 --> 00:57:24,933
I mean, subconsciously, right?
1142
00:57:24,934 --> 00:57:26,725
There's a lot of subconscious symbolism
1143
00:57:26,726 --> 00:57:29,183
that I'm trying to suggest is going on here.
1144
00:57:29,184 --> 00:57:31,016
What's happening after World War II is
1145
00:57:31,017 --> 00:57:32,517
Jews are moving out of the city,
1146
00:57:32,518 --> 00:57:34,975
they're moving to the suburbs, right?
1147
00:57:34,976 --> 00:57:37,517
And they're no longer congregating in delis
1148
00:57:37,518 --> 00:57:38,642
to the extent that they used to,
1149
00:57:38,643 --> 00:57:40,559
because they're not living
1150
00:57:40,560 --> 00:57:41,600
in close proximity to one another
1151
00:57:41,601 --> 00:57:44,559
and to the neighborhood deli anymore, right?
1152
00:57:44,560 --> 00:57:45,725
So you have shopping centers,
1153
00:57:45,726 --> 00:57:48,932
but how many delis do you need in a shopping center, right?
1154
00:57:48,933 --> 00:57:51,684
Jews are much more part of, or want to be much more
1155
00:57:51,685 --> 00:57:54,267
a part of the fabric of American society.
1156
00:57:54,268 --> 00:57:56,350
So the food doesn't go away,
1157
00:57:56,351 --> 00:57:57,809
but where is the food being sold now
1158
00:57:57,810 --> 00:57:59,932
if it's not being sold in delis?
1159
00:57:59,933 --> 00:58:03,184
Supermarkets, right?
1160
00:58:05,393 --> 00:58:07,142
♪ For that old-fashioned flavor ♪
1161
00:58:07,143 --> 00:58:08,932
♪ That all the folks favor ♪
1162
00:58:08,933 --> 00:58:10,932
♪ Try Hebrew National Meats ♪
1163
00:58:10,933 --> 00:58:15,100
♪ They're a treat, to be sure, 'cause the beef is so pure ♪
1164
00:58:15,101 --> 00:58:17,851
♪ In Hebrew National Meats ♪
1165
00:58:17,852 --> 00:58:20,559
♪ You'll find corn beef, and roast beef, salami ♪
1166
00:58:20,560 --> 00:58:24,892
♪ Pastrami, and wonderful frankfurters, too ♪
1167
00:58:24,893 --> 00:58:26,267
♪ They are surely delicious ♪
1168
00:58:26,268 --> 00:58:29,932
♪ And purely nutritious, those Hebrew National... ♪
1169
00:58:29,933 --> 00:58:32,309
: ♪ Hebrew National... ♪
1170
00:58:44,226 --> 00:58:45,434
My mother sold records
1171
00:58:45,435 --> 00:58:48,725
while my father tried to make his way in jazz.
1172
00:58:48,726 --> 00:58:50,975
He had a certain charm, and he could sing,
1173
00:58:50,976 --> 00:58:54,767
and therefore he got a job with a number of dance bands.
1174
00:58:54,768 --> 00:58:55,851
And the year after I was born,
1175
00:58:55,852 --> 00:58:57,932
he got a job with the Joe Loss Orchestra,
1176
00:58:57,933 --> 00:58:58,726
which was probably
1177
00:58:58,727 --> 00:59:01,975
the most successful dance band of its day.
1178
00:59:01,976 --> 00:59:03,767
Can we hear him singing?
1179
00:59:03,768 --> 00:59:04,932
We can hear him singing...
1180
00:59:04,933 --> 00:59:06,932
With that, that one moment.
1181
00:59:06,933 --> 00:59:07,933
Do you want... Do you want to see,
1182
00:59:07,934 --> 00:59:09,932
so those of you that watch the television
1183
00:59:09,933 --> 00:59:10,933
may have seen him singing...
1184
00:59:10,934 --> 00:59:12,932
Yeah, but it's all right, they can watch it again.
1185
00:59:12,933 --> 00:59:15,932
It's so, it's so... it's so extraordinary.
1186
00:59:15,933 --> 00:59:17,725
Well, there's a little story behind this
1187
00:59:17,726 --> 00:59:20,932
particular little clip we're going to see.
1188
00:59:20,933 --> 00:59:25,932
You've got to understand, the bands of the 1950s
1189
00:59:25,933 --> 00:59:28,767
were well-suited to play the music of the day.
1190
00:59:28,768 --> 00:59:30,851
It was Frankie Laine and Johnnie Ray.
1191
00:59:30,852 --> 00:59:34,434
When beat music and rock 'n' roll came in,
1192
00:59:34,435 --> 00:59:36,058
they weren't so suited to it,
1193
00:59:36,059 --> 00:59:36,933
so they had to find work
1194
00:59:36,934 --> 00:59:39,932
for the saxophone players and the trombone players.
1195
00:59:39,933 --> 00:59:42,932
While the singers could be quite adaptable,
1196
00:59:42,933 --> 00:59:44,932
they were having to cover records
1197
00:59:44,933 --> 00:59:47,559
out of the charts that were not necessarily
1198
00:59:47,560 --> 00:59:49,225
that suitable for this lineup.
1199
00:59:49,226 --> 00:59:51,892
And then I suppose this happened.
1200
00:59:55,351 --> 00:59:57,600
♪ Whoa ♪
1201
00:59:57,601 --> 00:59:59,768
♪ Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh ♪
1202
01:00:02,518 --> 01:00:07,684
♪ Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa ♪
1203
01:00:07,685 --> 01:00:09,058
♪ Whoa ♪
1204
01:00:09,059 --> 01:00:09,934
♪ If I had a hammer ♪
1205
01:00:09,935 --> 01:00:11,308
♪ If I had a hammer ♪
1206
01:00:11,309 --> 01:00:12,809
♪ I'd hammer in the morning ♪
1207
01:00:12,810 --> 01:00:13,932
♪ Hammer in the morning ♪
1208
01:00:13,933 --> 01:00:15,142
♪ I'd hammer in the evening ♪
1209
01:00:15,143 --> 01:00:16,434
♪ Hammer in the evening ♪
1210
01:00:16,435 --> 01:00:17,517
♪ All over this land ♪
1211
01:00:17,518 --> 01:00:19,058
♪ All over this land ♪
1212
01:00:19,059 --> 01:00:21,475
♪ I sing about danger ♪
1213
01:00:21,476 --> 01:00:23,392
♪ I sing a warning here ♪
1214
01:00:23,393 --> 01:00:27,016
♪ I sing about the love between my brothers and my sisters ♪
1215
01:00:27,017 --> 01:00:29,932
♪ All over, all over this land ♪
1216
01:00:29,933 --> 01:00:32,475
♪ Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa ♪
1217
01:00:32,476 --> 01:00:38,975
♪ Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa ♪
1218
01:00:38,976 --> 01:00:40,142
♪ I've got a hammer ♪
1219
01:00:40,143 --> 01:00:41,308
♪ I've got a hammer ♪
1220
01:00:41,309 --> 01:00:43,392
♪ And I've got a bell ♪ ♪ I've got a bell ♪
1221
01:00:43,393 --> 01:00:47,725
♪ And I've got a song to sing all over this land ♪
1222
01:00:47,726 --> 01:00:48,809
♪ All over this land ♪
1223
01:00:48,810 --> 01:00:51,183
♪ It's the hammer of justice ♪
1224
01:00:51,184 --> 01:00:53,767
♪ It's the hammer of freedom ♪
1225
01:00:53,768 --> 01:00:54,933
♪ And to talk about the love between ♪
1226
01:00:54,934 --> 01:01:00,225
♪ My brothers and my sisters all over, all over this land ♪
1227
01:01:00,226 --> 01:01:02,392
♪ Yeah, yeah, yeah ♪
1228
01:01:02,393 --> 01:01:03,975
♪ Yeah, yeah, yeah! ♪
1229
01:01:03,976 --> 01:01:06,100
♪ All over this land ♪
1230
01:01:06,101 --> 01:01:07,932
♪ Ooh, all over this land ♪
1231
01:01:07,933 --> 01:01:09,392
♪ Ooh, all over this land... ♪
1232
01:01:09,393 --> 01:01:11,100
Certainly there is a...
1233
01:01:11,101 --> 01:01:13,975
there is a slight family resemblance.
1234
01:01:15,810 --> 01:01:18,517
Only around the eyes, not around the feet.
1235
01:01:18,518 --> 01:01:19,932
Er...
1236
01:01:19,933 --> 01:01:22,932
I want to read something that is actually quite smart.
1237
01:01:22,933 --> 01:01:27,267
I think Greil Marcus, beautifully in an interview,
1238
01:01:27,268 --> 01:01:31,851
characterizes this moment of revenge and guilt.
1239
01:01:31,852 --> 01:01:33,932
He says, "Elvis Costello was someone
1240
01:01:33,933 --> 01:01:36,308
"who you'd better not cross.
1241
01:01:36,309 --> 01:01:38,016
"He was someone who was,
1242
01:01:38,017 --> 01:01:40,559
"as he said in his first interview...
1243
01:01:40,560 --> 01:01:44,725
"and I really do believe this is the key to his career...
1244
01:01:44,726 --> 01:01:48,058
"he said the only emotions he understood
1245
01:01:48,059 --> 01:01:49,559
"were revenge and guilt.
1246
01:01:49,560 --> 01:01:54,642
"Whether or not he's recording with the Brodsky Quartet,
1247
01:01:54,643 --> 01:01:56,684
"as he did on The Juliet Letters,
1248
01:01:56,685 --> 01:01:58,892
"or whether he's simply standing up
1249
01:01:58,893 --> 01:02:01,183
"and singing 'Tramp the Dirt Down,'
1250
01:02:01,184 --> 01:02:03,058
"which is a song about
1251
01:02:03,059 --> 01:02:06,350
"how he wants to dance on Thatcher's grave,
1252
01:02:06,351 --> 01:02:12,517
"I think he has always looked for the most effective way
1253
01:02:12,518 --> 01:02:15,975
to make trouble."
1254
01:02:16,934 --> 01:02:18,350
Do you think that's true?
1255
01:02:21,560 --> 01:02:24,350
Which part of it?
1256
01:02:25,976 --> 01:02:27,142
Any part of it.
1257
01:02:27,143 --> 01:02:30,725
Yeah, I think he gives me way too much credit.
1258
01:02:30,726 --> 01:02:32,932
Um, of course, it's...
1259
01:02:32,933 --> 01:02:37,267
Professor Marcus, you know,
1260
01:02:37,268 --> 01:02:43,434
it's his job to create a thesis like that.
1261
01:02:43,435 --> 01:02:44,059
That's what he does.
1262
01:02:44,060 --> 01:02:47,932
He writes very, very long and intricate books
1263
01:02:47,933 --> 01:02:49,142
explaining the connections
1264
01:02:49,143 --> 01:02:52,559
between various political and cultural movements,
1265
01:02:52,560 --> 01:02:58,600
and the vividness of that, to him, I won't deny,
1266
01:02:58,601 --> 01:03:03,600
except that he's covering a period
1267
01:03:03,601 --> 01:03:08,559
of about nearly 30 years, 25 years.
1268
01:03:08,560 --> 01:03:13,267
And there was any number of people in my, to myself...
1269
01:03:13,268 --> 01:03:15,308
I know it's very convenient
1270
01:03:15,309 --> 01:03:18,142
to put these labels like punk or new wave
1271
01:03:18,143 --> 01:03:20,932
or angry or, you know, political.
1272
01:03:20,933 --> 01:03:24,183
But each song has a different occasion for me,
1273
01:03:24,184 --> 01:03:25,434
and there are different means,
1274
01:03:25,435 --> 01:03:27,267
and there are different motives.
1275
01:03:27,268 --> 01:03:28,226
And there are, I hope,
1276
01:03:28,227 --> 01:03:30,932
different results if you listen to them.
1277
01:03:30,933 --> 01:03:31,726
And on different days,
1278
01:03:31,727 --> 01:03:33,142
you can sing them with different inflections.
1279
01:03:33,143 --> 01:03:38,100
I have sung words that are heard in "Tramp the Dirt Down."
1280
01:03:38,101 --> 01:03:43,142
I sang it on the night the miner strike collapsed
1281
01:03:43,143 --> 01:03:45,392
in, in, in sketch form,
1282
01:03:45,393 --> 01:03:46,932
and at that time, I would agree
1283
01:03:46,933 --> 01:03:50,225
it was probably pretty aggressive.
1284
01:03:50,226 --> 01:03:52,933
And then the tune that I ended up using
1285
01:03:52,934 --> 01:03:55,559
alludes to "Isn't She Lovely."
1286
01:03:55,560 --> 01:03:57,475
It alludes to "Isn't She Lovely,"
1287
01:03:57,476 --> 01:03:59,932
Stevie Wonder's melody.
1288
01:03:59,933 --> 01:04:01,350
That was a joke.
1289
01:04:01,351 --> 01:04:03,932
But there's a joke carrying a song
1290
01:04:03,933 --> 01:04:07,392
with all these brutal and disappointed images
1291
01:04:07,393 --> 01:04:10,892
of what that particular time let loose in people.
1292
01:04:10,893 --> 01:04:14,975
The desire to step on your fellow countryman
1293
01:04:14,976 --> 01:04:17,517
to get ahead.
1294
01:04:17,518 --> 01:04:19,225
And I still feel that way.
1295
01:04:19,226 --> 01:04:21,684
So I get... I sang the song up until a few years ago,
1296
01:04:21,685 --> 01:04:23,932
and people said, "You can't sing it now, she's dead."
1297
01:04:23,933 --> 01:04:26,434
I think, we especially have to sing it now that she's dead.
1298
01:04:26,435 --> 01:04:27,309
Now is...
1299
01:04:27,310 --> 01:04:30,932
Not because, not because, no, no, she's a human being.
1300
01:04:30,933 --> 01:04:33,932
She actually died, you know, in dementia,
1301
01:04:33,933 --> 01:04:36,932
which I literally wouldn't wish on my worst enemy.
1302
01:04:36,933 --> 01:04:39,932
But what she let loose in the country,
1303
01:04:39,933 --> 01:04:41,932
I cannot forgive.
1304
01:04:41,933 --> 01:04:42,768
So that's my opinion.
1305
01:04:42,769 --> 01:04:46,475
And in a democracy, I get to say what I feel,
1306
01:04:46,476 --> 01:04:48,142
and I get to sing it as well,
1307
01:04:48,143 --> 01:04:49,932
just as politicians get to say it
1308
01:04:49,933 --> 01:04:53,100
over and over again and get paid to do so.
1309
01:05:21,601 --> 01:05:24,100
If we want as a society to take advantage
1310
01:05:24,101 --> 01:05:26,892
of all of these great technological opportunities,
1311
01:05:26,893 --> 01:05:30,475
we have an obligation to, um, help those folks
1312
01:05:30,476 --> 01:05:33,225
who are being put in a worse position
1313
01:05:33,226 --> 01:05:35,932
by modern technological change.
1314
01:05:35,933 --> 01:05:37,350
I think the city understands that,
1315
01:05:37,351 --> 01:05:39,725
and they're doing a plethora of activities.
1316
01:05:39,726 --> 01:05:44,225
It isn't unified and it isn't working towards a coherent goal.
1317
01:05:44,226 --> 01:05:48,559
Other cities have, um, created...
1318
01:05:48,560 --> 01:05:52,225
so this is the indicators from Seattle, um,
1319
01:05:52,226 --> 01:05:55,975
created sort of positive visions
1320
01:05:55,976 --> 01:05:56,933
of what, uh...
1321
01:05:56,934 --> 01:06:00,809
what an inclusive city could look like.
1322
01:06:00,810 --> 01:06:03,350
If you read those documents, it becomes very clear
1323
01:06:03,351 --> 01:06:05,851
that the library is actually
1324
01:06:05,852 --> 01:06:08,142
maybe the most crucial institution,
1325
01:06:08,143 --> 01:06:10,892
because we're a community hub
1326
01:06:10,893 --> 01:06:12,933
for people who don't have home access.
1327
01:06:12,934 --> 01:06:13,933
We're a place where people
1328
01:06:13,934 --> 01:06:15,932
get exposure who don't otherwise understand it.
1329
01:06:15,933 --> 01:06:18,392
We're a place where people can learn skills,
1330
01:06:18,393 --> 01:06:20,475
where kids can do homework after schools.
1331
01:06:20,476 --> 01:06:21,351
I think there's an opportunity
1332
01:06:21,352 --> 01:06:24,975
to bring together the sort of full scope of people
1333
01:06:24,976 --> 01:06:28,475
involved in making sure the wires are in the ground,
1334
01:06:28,476 --> 01:06:32,225
there's affordable internet, there's community hubs,
1335
01:06:32,226 --> 01:06:33,184
there's digital skills,
1336
01:06:33,185 --> 01:06:38,475
to develop a series of indicators on and goals for
1337
01:06:38,476 --> 01:06:40,725
what an inclusive New York City would be,
1338
01:06:40,726 --> 01:06:42,267
and that we could...
1339
01:06:42,268 --> 01:06:44,932
that could be helmed by the mayor's office,
1340
01:06:44,933 --> 01:06:47,517
but that we could provide the convening space
1341
01:06:47,518 --> 01:06:50,851
and help them unite a bunch of their activities.
1342
01:06:50,852 --> 01:06:54,267
That would rationalize a bunch of the projects they're doing,
1343
01:06:54,268 --> 01:06:57,892
it would give us a way of continuing to shine the light
1344
01:06:57,893 --> 01:06:59,725
on those who are being left behind,
1345
01:06:59,726 --> 01:07:01,684
and, um, and also, you know,
1346
01:07:01,685 --> 01:07:05,517
highlight the central role the library's playing in this space.
1347
01:07:05,518 --> 01:07:09,058
Uh, again, it's a thing that other cities have done
1348
01:07:09,059 --> 01:07:12,600
and that New York is actually just kind of behind on.
1349
01:07:12,601 --> 01:07:14,932
And actually people come to us all the time,
1350
01:07:14,933 --> 01:07:15,933
so people talk about us
1351
01:07:15,934 --> 01:07:17,767
as an anchor institution in the community
1352
01:07:17,768 --> 01:07:20,600
for digital inclusion, not just digital access,
1353
01:07:20,601 --> 01:07:23,392
but access being, like, the lowest common denominator.
1354
01:07:23,393 --> 01:07:25,183
It's actually what do people do with it.
1355
01:07:25,184 --> 01:07:27,684
Not everybody goes to a We Work, but they could go
1356
01:07:27,685 --> 01:07:30,932
to their neighborhood digital incubation center.
1357
01:07:30,933 --> 01:07:31,560
They could go...
1358
01:07:31,561 --> 01:07:32,932
and, you know, people talk about it,
1359
01:07:32,933 --> 01:07:34,350
not only, certainly for the people
1360
01:07:34,351 --> 01:07:38,600
who don't have computer access, but also for everybody.
1361
01:07:38,601 --> 01:07:40,434
The fact of the matter is that, you know,
1362
01:07:40,435 --> 01:07:41,892
technology is moving at a pace
1363
01:07:41,893 --> 01:07:44,350
that we're all going to have to keep up with,
1364
01:07:44,351 --> 01:07:46,767
and it's about how we think about it.
1365
01:07:46,768 --> 01:07:49,142
And so exposure to all those kinds of tools
1366
01:07:49,143 --> 01:07:51,183
but also to a community of experts.
1367
01:07:51,184 --> 01:07:52,725
So it doesn't always have to be us.
1368
01:07:52,726 --> 01:07:55,142
It could be bringing in a lot of others.
1369
01:07:55,143 --> 01:07:56,932
And so the conversations I've had,
1370
01:07:56,933 --> 01:07:59,809
many, many conversations that Luke clearly has had,
1371
01:07:59,810 --> 01:08:02,851
sort of indicate that this is a great opportunity for us.
1372
01:08:02,852 --> 01:08:06,016
What if we convened everybody in this space
1373
01:08:06,017 --> 01:08:07,559
at a giant conference at SASBY
1374
01:08:07,560 --> 01:08:13,600
to articulate what along all, you know, what do we want
1375
01:08:13,601 --> 01:08:15,933
in terms of people having fiber to their buildings,
1376
01:08:15,934 --> 01:08:18,809
in terms of community spaces where they can go on line,
1377
01:08:18,810 --> 01:08:20,267
in terms of digital skills.
1378
01:08:20,268 --> 01:08:24,475
We could, you could then commission CUFF
1379
01:08:24,475 --> 01:08:27,058
or somebody could commission CUFF to do a research,
1380
01:08:27,059 --> 01:08:30,225
a basically baseline data on where we are as a city
1381
01:08:30,225 --> 01:08:32,350
that would highlight the gaping holes
1382
01:08:32,350 --> 01:08:34,267
and where New York is behind the times.
1383
01:08:34,268 --> 01:08:35,392
We could then, six months later,
1384
01:08:35,393 --> 01:08:40,183
convene another big meeting here at the, um, at SASBY
1385
01:08:40,184 --> 01:08:43,933
to identify low-hanging fruit and develop strategies
1386
01:08:43,934 --> 01:08:46,850
of which we will certainly be key players,
1387
01:08:46,852 --> 01:08:49,058
because of our, um, of our assets.
1388
01:08:49,059 --> 01:08:52,267
The, that might give the mayor something to...
1389
01:08:52,268 --> 01:08:54,892
a way of talking about his, all of his projects.
1390
01:08:54,893 --> 01:08:59,932
It would certainly develop us as a central player.
1391
01:08:59,933 --> 01:09:00,852
There's like three different
1392
01:09:00,853 --> 01:09:04,100
pieces of narrative that we use that this stitches together.
1393
01:09:04,100 --> 01:09:07,392
One is the most arresting figure that Tony uses
1394
01:09:07,393 --> 01:09:09,892
is, you know, one in three New Yorkers don't have access
1395
01:09:09,893 --> 01:09:10,643
to broadband at home.
1396
01:09:10,644 --> 01:09:13,517
Like, that gets any audience's attention.
1397
01:09:13,518 --> 01:09:16,015
The second historic one that we always love
1398
01:09:16,017 --> 01:09:17,517
is, is the Carnegie point,
1399
01:09:17,518 --> 01:09:19,932
is that Carnegie sought to create a library
1400
01:09:19,933 --> 01:09:21,058
within walking distance of every New Yorker.
1401
01:09:21,059 --> 01:09:24,015
So this is a way to kind of embrace that heritage
1402
01:09:24,017 --> 01:09:25,267
and say... and I love the way,
1403
01:09:25,268 --> 01:09:27,559
just from a two-second look at what Seattle did,
1404
01:09:27,559 --> 01:09:31,142
is to say, "Okay, neighborhood density,
1405
01:09:31,143 --> 01:09:33,642
how many public access spots are there?"
1406
01:09:33,643 --> 01:09:37,850
It's a way to kind of renew the Carnegie idea
1407
01:09:37,852 --> 01:09:39,100
in a digital fashion.
1408
01:09:39,100 --> 01:09:40,932
And I think the challenge
1409
01:09:40,933 --> 01:09:44,183
would be how do we, we want to position ourselves
1410
01:09:44,184 --> 01:09:50,600
as helpful advocates yet... for the city, um,
1411
01:09:50,600 --> 01:09:52,932
you know, but a little distance from it.
1412
01:09:52,933 --> 01:09:55,559
This isn't a... it would be a partnership,
1413
01:09:55,559 --> 01:09:56,642
but... and it's not,
1414
01:09:56,643 --> 01:09:58,932
this wouldn't be the first time the city wanted
1415
01:09:58,933 --> 01:10:01,225
to plant a million trees,
1416
01:10:01,226 --> 01:10:03,100
and they did a tree census before that.
1417
01:10:03,101 --> 01:10:08,100
And now, you know, last week they planted the millionth tree.
1418
01:10:08,101 --> 01:10:10,392
For the library, with CUFF or whatnot,
1419
01:10:10,393 --> 01:10:12,183
I think it's a super-brilliant idea to say,
1420
01:10:12,184 --> 01:10:13,225
"Here's what the digital...
1421
01:10:13,226 --> 01:10:15,642
"is one in three a real accurate number?
1422
01:10:15,643 --> 01:10:17,725
"How does that go up and down every year?
1423
01:10:17,726 --> 01:10:21,932
Here is what it looks like neighborhood, region by region."
1424
01:10:21,933 --> 01:10:26,851
You know, so, I do think this is the logical next step
1425
01:10:26,852 --> 01:10:30,183
and our bona fides are there based on everything,
1426
01:10:30,184 --> 01:10:33,851
but also on the 10,000 lends that we will have completed.
1427
01:10:33,852 --> 01:10:35,142
I just want us to make sure
1428
01:10:35,143 --> 01:10:37,932
that we don't lose sight of what digital inclusion is,
1429
01:10:37,933 --> 01:10:39,767
that it isn't just about broadband.
1430
01:10:39,768 --> 01:10:42,892
And I don't mean to make that something minor.
1431
01:10:42,893 --> 01:10:43,932
It's not, it's huge.
1432
01:10:43,933 --> 01:10:47,434
But that is honestly simply just not enough...
1433
01:10:47,434 --> 01:10:49,016
Mm-h mm. And I don't want this to...
1434
01:10:49,017 --> 01:10:52,016
a lot of people are doing the broadband wagon, sorry.
1435
01:10:52,017 --> 01:10:55,975
So it's what's, what more, like what kind of society...
1436
01:10:55,976 --> 01:10:57,100
so I just want us to be...
1437
01:10:57,101 --> 01:10:59,308
There's the quantitative story and there's a qualitative story.
1438
01:10:59,309 --> 01:11:00,017
Well, there's a skill,
1439
01:11:00,018 --> 01:11:01,975
there's a "How do you function in society?"
1440
01:11:01,976 --> 01:11:04,308
I just want us to be aware of that, yeah.
1441
01:11:04,309 --> 01:11:05,642
Okay, we're coming to that.
1442
01:11:05,643 --> 01:11:07,350
And then it's changing, right,
1443
01:11:07,351 --> 01:11:09,517
so the free computer you get somebody in 2015
1444
01:11:09,518 --> 01:11:11,892
isn't going to be relevant in 2020.
1445
01:11:11,893 --> 01:11:13,684
The bandwidth we secure for them now
1446
01:11:13,684 --> 01:11:15,932
will be outdated as the internet changes.
1447
01:11:15,933 --> 01:11:17,267
And the skills that you learn today
1448
01:11:17,268 --> 01:11:21,932
won't, um, uh, be sufficient in a couple of years,
1449
01:11:21,933 --> 01:11:26,767
which is why the role of a library will,
1450
01:11:26,768 --> 01:11:28,517
if we want to be in the space,
1451
01:11:28,518 --> 01:11:30,932
will be continually important,
1452
01:11:30,933 --> 01:11:33,932
because there will be a different set of people
1453
01:11:33,933 --> 01:11:34,852
continually left behind.
1454
01:11:34,853 --> 01:11:36,892
So it's not that broadband isn't crucial
1455
01:11:36,893 --> 01:11:38,892
or this wasn't a good attempt.
1456
01:11:38,893 --> 01:11:39,933
It's just that it's a...
1457
01:11:39,934 --> 01:11:40,975
if we can widen the focus
1458
01:11:40,976 --> 01:11:44,350
and set the end goal on engaged internet users,
1459
01:11:44,351 --> 01:11:46,308
we'll see there's a lot of different ways
1460
01:11:46,309 --> 01:11:47,309
that we can make a difference
1461
01:11:47,309 --> 01:11:49,350
and are already making a difference as a system.
1462
01:11:49,351 --> 01:11:52,600
Look, this project succeeded because it got us to this point.
1463
01:11:52,601 --> 01:11:53,351
It was awesome, right?
1464
01:11:53,352 --> 01:11:54,767
Agreed, agreed.
1465
01:11:54,768 --> 01:11:56,684
Yes.
1466
01:11:58,434 --> 01:11:59,475
Hi, everyone.
1467
01:11:59,476 --> 01:12:00,600
Welcome to Books at Noon.
1468
01:12:00,601 --> 01:12:03,517
Today I'm pleased to introduce Yusef Komunyakaa.
1469
01:12:03,518 --> 01:12:05,932
I wanted to ask you
1470
01:12:05,933 --> 01:12:07,933
if you see yourself as a political poet?
1471
01:12:07,934 --> 01:12:11,600
Do I see myself as a political poet?
1472
01:12:11,601 --> 01:12:12,932
I mean you use, I mean,
1473
01:12:12,933 --> 01:12:14,183
there have been, you know,
1474
01:12:14,184 --> 01:12:16,932
you used your experience in Vietnam
1475
01:12:16,933 --> 01:12:17,975
to talk about, you know,
1476
01:12:17,976 --> 01:12:22,475
and you've used issues of race in poetry,
1477
01:12:22,476 --> 01:12:23,932
so I'm wondering if you,
1478
01:12:23,933 --> 01:12:27,225
as far as sort of the spectrum of poetry,
1479
01:12:27,226 --> 01:12:30,767
if you see yourself as a political poet?
1480
01:12:30,768 --> 01:12:34,267
Well, I think language is political,
1481
01:12:34,268 --> 01:12:40,559
and that, that's what I use as a tool.
1482
01:12:40,559 --> 01:12:43,932
I think it was, um, Richard Wright who said
1483
01:12:43,933 --> 01:12:48,809
that he wanted to write sentences,
1484
01:12:48,809 --> 01:12:53,932
language that functioned as a club.
1485
01:12:53,933 --> 01:12:55,809
I don't necessarily believe that.
1486
01:12:55,809 --> 01:12:58,932
For me, I don't think the surface,
1487
01:12:58,933 --> 01:13:00,434
the surface of the poem,
1488
01:13:00,434 --> 01:13:04,183
the politics are not on the surface of the poem,
1489
01:13:04,184 --> 01:13:07,058
but I think since I use language,
1490
01:13:07,059 --> 01:13:08,559
the politics are underneath,
1491
01:13:08,559 --> 01:13:13,932
woven into the emotional architecture
1492
01:13:13,933 --> 01:13:14,684
of the poem.
1493
01:13:14,686 --> 01:13:19,932
Has that always been part of your style,
1494
01:13:19,933 --> 01:13:21,559
to weave in what's going on?
1495
01:13:21,559 --> 01:13:23,600
I mean, it's part of your language,
1496
01:13:23,601 --> 01:13:25,058
it's part of who you are as a poet.
1497
01:13:25,059 --> 01:13:27,100
I go back to Baldwin,
1498
01:13:27,101 --> 01:13:28,932
and James Baldwin said that
1499
01:13:28,933 --> 01:13:30,559
we have to know what's happening around us
1500
01:13:30,559 --> 01:13:32,267
in order to know what's happening to us
1501
01:13:32,268 --> 01:13:36,225
because we're a part of everything around us.
1502
01:13:36,226 --> 01:13:43,392
And I think perhaps the poet
1503
01:13:43,393 --> 01:13:46,809
is cursed to be a keen observer.
1504
01:13:46,809 --> 01:13:47,518
Observer.
1505
01:13:47,519 --> 01:13:49,932
And there is a kind of innuendo,
1506
01:13:49,933 --> 01:13:54,932
and also it's part of an extended possibility.
1507
01:13:54,933 --> 01:13:57,267
What I mean by that is that
1508
01:13:57,268 --> 01:13:59,767
if we are in the rhythm of the poem,
1509
01:13:59,768 --> 01:14:04,932
we are in the emotional architecture of a poem,
1510
01:14:04,933 --> 01:14:11,932
and language says things that are direct
1511
01:14:11,933 --> 01:14:15,308
but also insinuation,
1512
01:14:15,309 --> 01:14:19,851
the same as a blues singer would.
1513
01:14:19,852 --> 01:14:22,016
I think that's what it is.
1514
01:14:22,017 --> 01:14:22,976
It really takes me back
1515
01:14:22,977 --> 01:14:27,308
to the essence of the blues,
1516
01:14:27,309 --> 01:14:30,100
insinuation, daring.
1517
01:14:30,101 --> 01:14:32,434
You mean to allow silence?
1518
01:14:32,434 --> 01:14:37,100
Simplicity say that also in a way morphs
1519
01:14:37,101 --> 01:14:43,058
into a more complex emotional place.
1520
01:15:30,726 --> 01:15:33,933
Got your library card?
1521
01:15:43,933 --> 01:15:44,518
Yeah.
1522
01:15:44,519 --> 01:15:46,183
Okay, so you want to take these pictures
1523
01:15:46,184 --> 01:15:49,975
and save it in here? Uh-huh, but...
1524
01:15:49,976 --> 01:15:50,933
Not all the one.
1525
01:15:50,934 --> 01:15:53,600
This... This here is on the memory card here.
1526
01:15:53,601 --> 01:15:56,932
Yes. You want to transfer it to here, correct?
1527
01:15:56,933 --> 01:15:58,183
But, but I want first to save.
1528
01:15:58,184 --> 01:16:02,517
Well, this is why you have to hold on "Control," you see?
1529
01:16:02,518 --> 01:16:04,016
I'm going to show you example.
1530
01:16:09,476 --> 01:16:11,058
So once that gets to 100%,
1531
01:16:11,059 --> 01:16:14,308
then call me back over, and we can take a look.
1532
01:16:14,309 --> 01:16:15,017
100% to finish it?
1533
01:16:15,018 --> 01:16:18,392
Yeah, 100% is finished downloading,
1534
01:16:18,393 --> 01:16:20,975
and then we do installing.
1535
01:16:31,017 --> 01:16:32,932
Go back to "Home."
1536
01:16:32,933 --> 01:16:33,852
Huh?
1537
01:16:33,853 --> 01:16:35,559
Home. Home?
1538
01:16:35,559 --> 01:16:37,932
Home, yeah, this, yeah.
1539
01:17:10,933 --> 01:17:13,601
This year's supply, I'd say about 22.
1540
01:17:26,017 --> 01:17:27,267
Now, have you worked with the book,
1541
01:17:27,268 --> 01:17:28,392
the regular-sized braille yet?
1542
01:17:28,393 --> 01:17:30,434
So we're going to start on this first...
1543
01:17:30,434 --> 01:17:32,932
this first page that has A through E on it.
1544
01:17:32,933 --> 01:17:34,725
So go ahead and check out the page.
1545
01:17:34,726 --> 01:17:36,809
Are you lefty or right y?
1546
01:17:36,809 --> 01:17:37,892
Um, right y.
1547
01:17:37,893 --> 01:17:39,183
You're right-handed? Mm-h mm.
1548
01:17:39,184 --> 01:17:41,932
Okay, it's good to hold, to keep it...
1549
01:17:41,933 --> 01:17:43,308
Straight? Straight though.
1550
01:17:43,309 --> 01:17:45,058
Uh-huh. Most people that read braille
1551
01:17:45,059 --> 01:17:47,767
end up reading with a combination of both hands.
1552
01:17:47,768 --> 01:17:48,059
Okay.
1553
01:17:48,059 --> 01:17:49,308
So your right hand will be your leader,
1554
01:17:49,309 --> 01:17:52,932
but sometimes your left hand will kind of keep your place. Okay.
1555
01:17:52,933 --> 01:17:55,975
That's okay to check out with both hands, if you want.
1556
01:17:55,976 --> 01:17:57,308
E?
1557
01:17:57,309 --> 01:17:58,932
Hmm.. No, that's the D.
1558
01:17:58,933 --> 01:18:00,975
Before you try to comprehend,
1559
01:18:00,976 --> 01:18:04,100
just practice moving your hand in a straight line
1560
01:18:04,101 --> 01:18:04,893
and following.
1561
01:18:04,894 --> 01:18:09,932
This is how a braille-reading hand moves.
1562
01:18:09,933 --> 01:18:12,932
So these lines that are kind of together,
1563
01:18:12,933 --> 01:18:15,642
these little kinds of almost railroad tracks,
1564
01:18:15,643 --> 01:18:18,183
are there to help you kind of pattern and figure out
1565
01:18:18,184 --> 01:18:22,932
how to move in a fluid, straight, smooth way.
1566
01:18:22,933 --> 01:18:26,851
A lot of people will read with a couple of fingers.
1567
01:18:26,852 --> 01:18:28,434
I noticed that you for right now
1568
01:18:28,434 --> 01:18:29,932
are mostly reading with your middle finger,
1569
01:18:29,933 --> 01:18:32,932
and you want to make sure that this finger gets in there, too,
1570
01:18:32,933 --> 01:18:35,559
because your forefinger has a lot of sensitivity,
1571
01:18:35,559 --> 01:18:37,932
and a lot of people read with their forefinger
1572
01:18:37,933 --> 01:18:40,932
and then middle finger kind of together.
1573
01:18:40,933 --> 01:18:41,726
Okay.
1574
01:18:41,727 --> 01:18:45,642
When your one hand finds the next line for the other hand
1575
01:18:45,643 --> 01:18:47,058
is called tracking.
1576
01:18:48,184 --> 01:18:51,016
X, X, X, X.
1577
01:18:51,017 --> 01:18:53,932
Z, Z, Z, Z.
1578
01:18:53,933 --> 01:18:55,392
Now make sure that you...
1579
01:18:59,559 --> 01:19:01,600
Do like this or with your hand,
1580
01:19:01,601 --> 01:19:03,809
wherever you can, okay?
1581
01:19:04,809 --> 01:19:11,933
C... okay, and... what?
1582
01:19:12,476 --> 01:19:12,933
Okay, and...
1583
01:19:15,351 --> 01:19:17,350
You've got "Why not."
1584
01:19:17,351 --> 01:19:20,100
So N is the end.
1585
01:19:21,933 --> 01:19:23,600
One position is different.
1586
01:19:23,601 --> 01:19:27,684
You know, one is horizontal and other one vertical.
1587
01:19:27,684 --> 01:19:29,434
You got it? Yeah, I'm writing....
1588
01:19:29,434 --> 01:19:32,058
And now I'm going to do the other one.
1589
01:19:37,768 --> 01:19:38,933
I have some statistics here
1590
01:19:38,934 --> 01:19:41,932
on how many people with disabilities there are.
1591
01:19:41,933 --> 01:19:43,183
This is according
1592
01:19:43,184 --> 01:19:45,183
to the 2014 U.S. Census.
1593
01:19:45,184 --> 01:19:45,933
There are roughly
1594
01:19:45,934 --> 01:19:51,684
eight million people uh, in New York City in general,
1595
01:19:51,684 --> 01:19:55,225
and about 900,000 of those people
1596
01:19:55,226 --> 01:19:56,933
are people with disabilities.
1597
01:19:56,934 --> 01:19:59,100
So that's about 11%.
1598
01:19:59,101 --> 01:20:02,517
I'm the housing coordinator, and I do answer
1599
01:20:02,518 --> 01:20:03,143
a lot of 311 calls
1600
01:20:03,144 --> 01:20:06,016
regarding housing for people with disabilities.
1601
01:20:06,017 --> 01:20:06,933
For low-income housing,
1602
01:20:06,934 --> 01:20:08,225
there is the New York City Housing Authority,
1603
01:20:08,226 --> 01:20:10,933
which is known to have a very long waiting list.
1604
01:20:10,934 --> 01:20:14,933
Fortunately, that is not the only option.
1605
01:20:14,934 --> 01:20:15,768
There are other options.
1606
01:20:15,769 --> 01:20:17,392
There are a few different vouchers available.
1607
01:20:17,393 --> 01:20:20,767
One is the Medicaid Waiver Program,
1608
01:20:20,768 --> 01:20:23,350
and that's for people with physical disabilities,
1609
01:20:23,351 --> 01:20:25,100
and it does include things like home care
1610
01:20:25,101 --> 01:20:27,016
and Meals on Wheels
1611
01:20:27,017 --> 01:20:27,933
and subsidized housing.
1612
01:20:27,934 --> 01:20:31,142
If you have a voucher that covers $1,100,
1613
01:20:31,143 --> 01:20:33,932
and you go find an apartment,
1614
01:20:33,933 --> 01:20:37,932
and the apartment is within that range, right?
1615
01:20:37,933 --> 01:20:41,308
It's $1,000 or $1,100 rent a month,
1616
01:20:41,309 --> 01:20:44,932
uh, that means that you meet the criteria,
1617
01:20:44,933 --> 01:20:49,142
you meet the income requirement for that apartment,
1618
01:20:49,143 --> 01:20:52,932
and if the landlord tells you, "We don't take vouchers,"
1619
01:20:52,933 --> 01:20:55,267
that's considered discrimination.
1620
01:20:55,268 --> 01:20:58,142
And if that, you know, if that does happen,
1621
01:20:58,143 --> 01:21:00,600
there is an agency that can help you out with that.
1622
01:21:00,601 --> 01:21:02,932
That's called the City Commission
1623
01:21:02,933 --> 01:21:03,768
on Human Rights.
1624
01:21:03,769 --> 01:21:06,975
It's always good to know your rights.
1625
01:21:06,976 --> 01:21:09,932
Another housing opportunity is the housing lotteries
1626
01:21:09,933 --> 01:21:10,933
or affordable housing.
1627
01:21:10,934 --> 01:21:13,267
There is a difference between affordable housing
1628
01:21:13,268 --> 01:21:14,725
and low-income housing.
1629
01:21:14,726 --> 01:21:16,517
Most people don't realize that.
1630
01:21:16,518 --> 01:21:19,851
So affordable housing is for, you know,
1631
01:21:19,852 --> 01:21:20,932
it includes low income,
1632
01:21:20,933 --> 01:21:22,600
but it also includes, you know,
1633
01:21:22,601 --> 01:21:25,142
middle class and working families as well.
1634
01:21:25,143 --> 01:21:27,225
Another agency that we do work with,
1635
01:21:27,226 --> 01:21:28,892
Housing Preservation and Development.
1636
01:21:28,893 --> 01:21:31,350
Basically they are working with developers
1637
01:21:31,351 --> 01:21:32,725
who are building new buildings
1638
01:21:32,726 --> 01:21:35,350
or reconstructing existing buildings,
1639
01:21:35,351 --> 01:21:38,267
and each building has its own lottery.
1640
01:21:38,268 --> 01:21:41,932
So each building will have its own application,
1641
01:21:41,933 --> 01:21:43,642
and in each lottery,
1642
01:21:43,643 --> 01:21:48,016
five percent of the apartments are set aside
1643
01:21:48,017 --> 01:21:50,932
for people with mobility disabilities,
1644
01:21:50,933 --> 01:21:52,600
and two percent are set aside
1645
01:21:52,601 --> 01:21:55,932
for people with visual and hearing disabilities.
1646
01:21:55,933 --> 01:21:59,100
Finding stable housing is pretty hard to do,
1647
01:21:59,101 --> 01:22:04,059
especially in the affordable and low-income markets.
1648
01:22:15,934 --> 01:22:18,143
Oh, yeah, let's do it.
1649
01:22:22,309 --> 01:22:27,932
In 2014 we launched an extensive strategic plan,
1650
01:22:27,933 --> 01:22:31,392
but most importantly, we began to fill the basket
1651
01:22:31,393 --> 01:22:34,142
about what we were going to put here,
1652
01:22:34,143 --> 01:22:35,059
the Mid-Manhattan Library
1653
01:22:35,059 --> 01:22:38,932
as well as in the Schwarzman Building.
1654
01:22:38,933 --> 01:22:45,308
We engaged, um, in a very public engagement campaign
1655
01:22:45,309 --> 01:22:46,475
around our plans.
1656
01:22:46,476 --> 01:22:49,975
These were just concepts that we had come up with.
1657
01:22:49,976 --> 01:22:51,932
We had public meetings,
1658
01:22:51,933 --> 01:22:54,932
we had numerous media opportunities,
1659
01:22:54,933 --> 01:22:57,559
um, thanks to Ken and his staff.
1660
01:22:57,559 --> 01:23:01,932
We met with stakeholders, we met with our board,
1661
01:23:01,933 --> 01:23:04,642
we met with anybody who would listen to us.
1662
01:23:04,643 --> 01:23:05,184
The goals, then,
1663
01:23:05,184 --> 01:23:08,932
were really to keep our constituents informed,
1664
01:23:08,933 --> 01:23:09,933
which I think we did;
1665
01:23:09,934 --> 01:23:13,932
to ensure that we got important feedback
1666
01:23:13,933 --> 01:23:15,600
as to which should go where
1667
01:23:15,601 --> 01:23:16,932
and what should go in what buildings,
1668
01:23:16,933 --> 01:23:20,932
and what programs and projects that we should really focus on.
1669
01:23:20,933 --> 01:23:25,851
And, lastly, the thing that I am the most proud about is...
1670
01:23:25,852 --> 01:23:26,932
And I think everybody in this room
1671
01:23:26,933 --> 01:23:29,933
or anybody affiliated with the library should be proud about...
1672
01:23:29,934 --> 01:23:32,932
Is that we were maintaining transparency
1673
01:23:32,933 --> 01:23:33,933
during this process.
1674
01:23:33,934 --> 01:23:36,851
Um, we were communicating as best we could;
1675
01:23:36,852 --> 01:23:39,851
whatever we knew, we were letting people know.
1676
01:23:39,852 --> 01:23:41,100
Now in October, it's actually November,
1677
01:23:41,101 --> 01:23:43,642
we started a new phase of this campaign.
1678
01:23:43,643 --> 01:23:49,434
And, um, it's to introduce the really spectacular architects
1679
01:23:49,434 --> 01:23:54,809
that we spent months, um, trying to get to this point
1680
01:23:54,809 --> 01:23:56,809
and to pick a team like this
1681
01:23:56,809 --> 01:24:01,100
to work on this iconic project for New York City.
1682
01:24:01,101 --> 01:24:03,767
Um, and in this next round,
1683
01:24:03,768 --> 01:24:08,559
there will be an enormous amount again of public engagement,
1684
01:24:08,559 --> 01:24:13,600
and we'll include even more substantive conversations.
1685
01:24:13,601 --> 01:24:15,142
And as Tony noted,
1686
01:24:15,143 --> 01:24:19,392
um, most importantly it's to start the conversation here,
1687
01:24:19,393 --> 01:24:21,851
with our staff and here at the library.
1688
01:24:21,852 --> 01:24:25,767
So, um, let me just explain how we got to this point
1689
01:24:25,768 --> 01:24:29,684
with these two wonderful architecture firms.
1690
01:24:29,684 --> 01:24:30,932
Um, I think as everybody knows,
1691
01:24:30,933 --> 01:24:33,892
we went through an RF Q and an RF P process,
1692
01:24:33,893 --> 01:24:37,475
and working with a working group,
1693
01:24:37,476 --> 01:24:40,100
which included members of the board of directors
1694
01:24:40,101 --> 01:24:42,932
as well as senior staff here at the library,
1695
01:24:42,933 --> 01:24:48,434
um, we arrived at, um, uh, two semi-finalists
1696
01:24:48,434 --> 01:24:51,100
and ended up with one finalist group.
1697
01:24:51,101 --> 01:24:53,684
Francine, you, having worked
1698
01:24:53,684 --> 01:24:56,225
in libraries all over the world,
1699
01:24:56,226 --> 01:24:57,059
maybe you can give us a sense
1700
01:24:57,059 --> 01:25:01,767
of what you think the futures of libraries are going to be,
1701
01:25:01,768 --> 01:25:03,350
both in the physical sense
1702
01:25:03,351 --> 01:25:07,933
and in the sense of libraries as institutions.
1703
01:25:08,976 --> 01:25:11,100
First of all, for me,
1704
01:25:11,101 --> 01:25:13,183
the library does not exist.
1705
01:25:13,184 --> 01:25:15,932
Every library, it's my experience, is different.
1706
01:25:15,933 --> 01:25:17,350
It's totally different
1707
01:25:17,351 --> 01:25:18,600
if you're thinking
1708
01:25:18,601 --> 01:25:20,517
of a circulating library in the Netherlands.
1709
01:25:20,518 --> 01:25:21,559
There's even already a difference
1710
01:25:21,559 --> 01:25:24,100
between if you make one in Amsterdam and in Rotterdam,
1711
01:25:24,101 --> 01:25:27,183
there's even a bigger difference if you make one in Scandinavia
1712
01:25:27,184 --> 01:25:30,851
or we also worked on the library in Athens.
1713
01:25:30,852 --> 01:25:31,809
For instance, in Europe,
1714
01:25:31,811 --> 01:25:34,851
the northern part of Europe is more books
1715
01:25:34,852 --> 01:25:39,809
and the southern part of Europe is almost no books.
1716
01:25:39,809 --> 01:25:40,932
Um...
1717
01:25:40,933 --> 01:25:42,475
One maybe very important thing...
1718
01:25:42,476 --> 01:25:43,932
I'm just now improvising...
1719
01:25:43,933 --> 01:25:46,932
That for me libraries are not about books,
1720
01:25:46,933 --> 01:25:50,932
it's a lot of people think that it's a storage space for books.
1721
01:25:50,933 --> 01:25:52,932
No, libraries are about people
1722
01:25:52,933 --> 01:25:56,809
who want to get knowledge to them,
1723
01:25:56,809 --> 01:25:58,725
and that can be done by books,
1724
01:25:58,726 --> 01:26:03,642
it can be done by many other ways.
1725
01:26:03,643 --> 01:26:05,267
It's very much about learning,
1726
01:26:05,268 --> 01:26:06,932
it's about long-life learning,
1727
01:26:06,933 --> 01:26:09,016
it's about the whole generation.
1728
01:26:09,017 --> 01:26:14,350
And so libraries are, they're not only...
1729
01:26:14,351 --> 01:26:15,933
there are cultural importance,
1730
01:26:15,934 --> 01:26:18,851
but they also very much economically important.
1731
01:26:18,852 --> 01:26:21,475
It has... here it's a little bit different,
1732
01:26:21,476 --> 01:26:24,058
but, like, in Europe, it's always public money,
1733
01:26:24,059 --> 01:26:30,100
and it's public money that you invest in your own population.
1734
01:26:30,101 --> 01:26:31,684
Uh, so it's very much important
1735
01:26:31,684 --> 01:26:35,142
that you give it back to the public.
1736
01:26:35,143 --> 01:26:36,434
And, um, yeah, what else?
1737
01:26:36,434 --> 01:26:38,932
I guess I could give a whole lecture about libraries.
1738
01:26:38,933 --> 01:26:41,932
Um, I think what is maybe also important,
1739
01:26:41,933 --> 01:26:43,809
that as a library,
1740
01:26:43,809 --> 01:26:46,517
reflects what is necessary in that city...
1741
01:26:46,518 --> 01:26:49,016
It's a research library, it's also an archive.
1742
01:26:49,017 --> 01:26:52,725
It's a city archive, it's the circulating library.
1743
01:26:52,726 --> 01:26:56,267
I'm dreaming of, especially if I think of this building,
1744
01:26:56,268 --> 01:26:58,933
about many different atmospheres,
1745
01:26:58,934 --> 01:27:00,932
of different ways of studying,
1746
01:27:00,933 --> 01:27:05,183
of different, very important, uh...
1747
01:27:05,184 --> 01:27:09,559
maybe when I did design the... the...
1748
01:27:09,559 --> 01:27:11,183
famous library we did in Delft,
1749
01:27:11,184 --> 01:27:13,016
that's where our office is based.
1750
01:27:13,017 --> 01:27:16,684
It's in a library for the technical university in Delft,
1751
01:27:16,684 --> 01:27:19,642
and that was opened in 1995.
1752
01:27:19,643 --> 01:27:22,142
And we, when we did the design in 1991,
1753
01:27:22,143 --> 01:27:24,100
they already told me, "Francine,
1754
01:27:24,101 --> 01:27:26,851
you don't need libraries anymore in the future."
1755
01:27:26,852 --> 01:27:30,350
And that's in a way still a kind of opinion we hear a lot.
1756
01:27:30,351 --> 01:27:31,767
Do you hear it a lot?
1757
01:27:31,768 --> 01:27:35,392
It's totally because people, they still think of libraries
1758
01:27:35,393 --> 01:27:37,267
about a storage space of books,
1759
01:27:37,268 --> 01:27:40,932
or people think of the library when they were a kid.
1760
01:27:40,933 --> 01:27:42,350
A lot of people have no awareness
1761
01:27:42,351 --> 01:27:46,142
what is happening in the nowadays libraries
1762
01:27:46,143 --> 01:27:48,225
and how necessary they are.
1763
01:27:48,226 --> 01:27:49,892
What else, do you want?
1764
01:27:49,893 --> 01:27:51,225
Maybe I should just stop.
1765
01:27:51,226 --> 01:27:51,933
Okay.
1766
01:27:51,934 --> 01:27:54,933
But I have a lot of ideas about libraries.
1767
01:30:53,184 --> 01:30:56,183
Okay.
1768
01:31:00,933 --> 01:31:02,932
What will the catalog...
1769
01:31:02,933 --> 01:31:06,142
That will probably be the center of the catalog...
1770
01:31:06,143 --> 01:31:08,932
We've got lovely essays...
1771
01:31:08,933 --> 01:31:11,809
We've got some... in there.
1772
01:31:16,768 --> 01:31:19,809
Plus, we only got halfway...
1773
01:31:26,476 --> 01:31:29,892
That needs to be, like, life-sized.
1774
01:31:29,893 --> 01:31:32,100
Really?
1775
01:31:32,101 --> 01:31:35,267
I almost wanted to be...
1776
01:31:35,268 --> 01:31:37,932
It's okay, you got...?
1777
01:31:37,933 --> 01:31:41,475
No problem.
1778
01:31:44,393 --> 01:31:45,932
All right...
1779
01:31:45,933 --> 01:31:49,308
Reminds me of a couple of paintings that was done
1780
01:31:49,309 --> 01:31:51,142
back in oriental ism.
1781
01:31:51,143 --> 01:31:54,475
I don't know if you know what that is, oriental ism?
1782
01:31:54,476 --> 01:31:57,016
Yes.
1783
01:32:29,143 --> 01:32:30,933
Eh... in chapter one
1784
01:32:30,934 --> 01:32:34,392
of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, um,
1785
01:32:34,393 --> 01:32:41,392
she is being recited a story by her elder sister, right?
1786
01:32:41,393 --> 01:32:44,183
Um...
1787
01:32:44,184 --> 01:32:46,267
And it's boring.
1788
01:32:46,268 --> 01:32:48,892
She, she doesn't like the story,
1789
01:32:48,893 --> 01:32:54,183
and, and this is this thing that encourages her
1790
01:32:54,184 --> 01:32:57,809
and sets off this whole journey into, into fantasy,
1791
01:32:57,809 --> 01:33:02,350
and I found it so interesting, thinking about that
1792
01:33:02,351 --> 01:33:06,892
and realizing kind of what my, my journey has been,
1793
01:33:06,893 --> 01:33:09,932
um, which is essentially the opposite of that.
1794
01:33:09,933 --> 01:33:14,058
It's trying to take stories and make them not boring.
1795
01:33:14,059 --> 01:33:17,142
Um, it's trying to take traditional literature
1796
01:33:17,143 --> 01:33:20,559
and traditional, like, like, ideas of what it means
1797
01:33:20,559 --> 01:33:25,809
to be intellectual and academic and educated...
1798
01:33:28,852 --> 01:33:31,932
and how it was the actual boredom
1799
01:33:31,933 --> 01:33:35,851
that pushed Alice into this new world of chasing fantasy.
1800
01:33:35,852 --> 01:33:39,475
I feel so similar to that so, so frequently.
1801
01:33:39,476 --> 01:33:40,393
I, I read these things,
1802
01:33:40,394 --> 01:33:45,559
and I see all these brilliant, brilliant people in this world
1803
01:33:45,559 --> 01:33:50,600
who are, are... feel the need to package their ideas
1804
01:33:50,601 --> 01:33:51,932
and their intellect
1805
01:33:51,933 --> 01:33:55,932
and, in this stringent and traditional way,
1806
01:33:55,933 --> 01:34:00,684
because that's the way that we're used to digesting it.
1807
01:34:00,684 --> 01:34:04,142
So I hope that one of the things
1808
01:34:04,143 --> 01:34:06,559
that you take from this program
1809
01:34:06,559 --> 01:34:08,642
is that intellect and academia
1810
01:34:08,643 --> 01:34:12,475
and literature does not have to be highbrow.
1811
01:34:12,476 --> 01:34:13,642
It does not have to be elitist.
1812
01:34:13,643 --> 01:34:19,475
Um, it can develop in a organic and genuine way.
1813
01:34:19,476 --> 01:34:24,183
So I'm going to read this last piece, um.
1814
01:34:24,184 --> 01:34:29,933
"When this man enters a room
1815
01:34:29,934 --> 01:34:33,267
"He wishes to keep his chin up
1816
01:34:33,268 --> 01:34:38,559
"To carry with him a continental smile
1817
01:34:38,559 --> 01:34:39,559
"And a heart
1818
01:34:39,561 --> 01:34:44,058
"A heart that lifts the floor like a splintering brass chorus
1819
01:34:44,059 --> 01:34:48,892
"Of drums and saxophones, Questlove and Coltrane
1820
01:34:48,893 --> 01:34:50,932
"marching to Gettysburg at my feet
1821
01:34:50,933 --> 01:34:54,642
"With shotgun improvs that grow into rock steady
1822
01:34:54,643 --> 01:34:58,142
"Playing like a humble bass line for the beautiful,
1823
01:34:58,143 --> 01:35:00,932
"the gorgeous shootouts that ring out
1824
01:35:00,933 --> 01:35:03,932
"throughout old Chicago jazz clubs
1825
01:35:03,933 --> 01:35:06,932
"and smoky New Orleans hallways.
1826
01:35:06,933 --> 01:35:08,267
"He is a man.
1827
01:35:08,268 --> 01:35:12,183
"He is a man because he claims he's claimed his identity
1828
01:35:12,184 --> 01:35:14,809
"Yet still walks with the melancholy whisper
1829
01:35:14,809 --> 01:35:16,933
"Of everything mama couldn't teach him,
1830
01:35:16,934 --> 01:35:18,475
"Preacher couldn't preach to him
1831
01:35:18,476 --> 01:35:22,809
"On Fridays when the bar ends, the clouds unclench their fists,
1832
01:35:22,809 --> 01:35:26,600
"I walk home, empty pack of Marlboros in my back pocket.
1833
01:35:26,601 --> 01:35:29,932
"Girl I don't know so well, under my left arm
1834
01:35:29,933 --> 01:35:31,600
"Laughing too damn loudly.
1835
01:35:31,601 --> 01:35:36,225
"I sit under a poster of Hendrix with Mona Lisa-like eyes
1836
01:35:36,226 --> 01:35:38,058
"that follow me wherever I go
1837
01:35:38,059 --> 01:35:43,600
"And I wonder what is in a man.
1838
01:35:43,601 --> 01:35:45,932
"It wasn't always like that, though.
1839
01:35:45,933 --> 01:35:50,932
"Before the intrigue of standing tall swallowed my skin
1840
01:35:50,933 --> 01:35:53,725
"Every boy had a smiling father to dribble him
1841
01:35:53,726 --> 01:35:55,725
"Every watch could stop if you please
1842
01:35:55,726 --> 01:35:58,767
"Every set of five fingers had a warm twin that fit
1843
01:35:58,768 --> 01:36:02,600
"But since then, I spent too many Sundays with the sun
1844
01:36:02,601 --> 01:36:04,267
"And girls just looking for dick
1845
01:36:04,268 --> 01:36:05,933
"Thought I had a good one once
1846
01:36:05,934 --> 01:36:08,058
"But now all I do is write black love poems
1847
01:36:08,059 --> 01:36:11,517
"The only thing she hates more than me are mirrors
1848
01:36:11,518 --> 01:36:14,725
"The only thing I hate more than love is not being in it
1849
01:36:14,726 --> 01:36:17,932
"Call it crystal eyed or young of me to say
1850
01:36:17,933 --> 01:36:20,058
"But some days I wake up wondering
1851
01:36:20,059 --> 01:36:22,308
"Where have all the trumpets gone?
1852
01:36:22,309 --> 01:36:26,225
"What makes a man, and what have they done with Motown's tongue?
1853
01:36:26,226 --> 01:36:28,100
"When did the sound of my own breath
1854
01:36:28,101 --> 01:36:30,932
"Become not enough music to get me through the night
1855
01:36:30,933 --> 01:36:34,100
"And why, why can't we let ourselves go in the nighttime
1856
01:36:34,101 --> 01:36:37,142
"Without fucking it up in the morning,
1857
01:36:37,143 --> 01:36:38,183
"In the morning.
1858
01:36:38,184 --> 01:36:39,225
"In the morning, wake me up
1859
01:36:39,226 --> 01:36:43,350
"Like we died in each others' arms 12 hours prior
1860
01:36:43,351 --> 01:36:46,600
"And had been planning to do so on breath cue
1861
01:36:46,601 --> 01:36:50,225
"From the first time my lips cuddled your forehead
1862
01:36:50,226 --> 01:36:51,143
"I know.
1863
01:36:52,934 --> 01:36:59,225
"I know my carpet may not taste as sweet as the golden gates
1864
01:36:59,226 --> 01:37:00,517
"But you slept here last night
1865
01:37:00,518 --> 01:37:02,932
"And somewhere between the Bankers Club and the eight ball
1866
01:37:02,933 --> 01:37:06,932
"from yesterday, I was reminded that a broken heart bleeds red
1867
01:37:06,933 --> 01:37:11,559
"So now my past, my insides got you looking like a fresh murder
1868
01:37:11,559 --> 01:37:17,600
"Can I be a man and clean that up for you?
1869
01:37:17,601 --> 01:37:20,932
"Could you, could you love me just as hard
1870
01:37:20,933 --> 01:37:24,767
"if I'd rather talk some shit out?
1871
01:37:24,768 --> 01:37:27,851
"If, if I'd rather,
1872
01:37:27,852 --> 01:37:32,183
"If I'd rather picket fence my tongue quiet and slow
1873
01:37:32,184 --> 01:37:37,517
"like a stream across the whole navy Van Gogh of your body
1874
01:37:37,518 --> 01:37:41,350
"Cheek to back in a curve of your thigh and I disappear
1875
01:37:41,351 --> 01:37:44,392
"And there's no more before, no more after,
1876
01:37:44,393 --> 01:37:46,350
"Just a screaming white light
1877
01:37:46,351 --> 01:37:48,142
"Rattling the inside of your skull
1878
01:37:48,143 --> 01:37:52,932
"Like a drug-addicted prisoner and a man, a man,
1879
01:37:52,933 --> 01:37:56,559
"I swear to God, I'm a man
1880
01:37:56,559 --> 01:37:59,183
"standing tall,
1881
01:37:59,184 --> 01:38:01,767
"Looking down over his work
1882
01:38:01,768 --> 01:38:03,350
Like a lost diamond."
1883
01:38:03,351 --> 01:38:06,475
Thank you so much.
1884
01:38:20,393 --> 01:38:22,559
The way that my staff can help,
1885
01:38:22,559 --> 01:38:24,851
in addition to providing direct help,
1886
01:38:24,852 --> 01:38:26,350
the government and community affairs office,
1887
01:38:26,351 --> 01:38:29,016
we can also provide, you know, guidance, possibly.
1888
01:38:29,017 --> 01:38:31,100
You know, as you're navigating through government,
1889
01:38:31,101 --> 01:38:33,350
many of you may not have done that
1890
01:38:33,351 --> 01:38:35,517
as intimately as you're doing it now.
1891
01:38:35,518 --> 01:38:36,892
You may have a question about
1892
01:38:36,893 --> 01:38:38,600
you know, an agency
1893
01:38:38,601 --> 01:38:41,932
or who these other agencies are interacting with,
1894
01:38:41,933 --> 01:38:44,308
or perhaps, you know, the mayor's agenda
1895
01:38:44,309 --> 01:38:46,600
or the speaker's agenda or the governor's agenda,
1896
01:38:46,601 --> 01:38:48,684
or things that are helping you
1897
01:38:48,684 --> 01:38:51,932
to navigate through the agencies at the federal level.
1898
01:38:51,933 --> 01:38:54,183
So we can help with all of that.
1899
01:38:54,184 --> 01:38:55,725
So I thought it would be good...
1900
01:38:55,726 --> 01:38:56,726
The other thing we'll be doing is,
1901
01:38:56,727 --> 01:38:58,933
I will, I or a member of my team
1902
01:38:58,934 --> 01:39:00,809
will be joining your biweeklies
1903
01:39:00,809 --> 01:39:03,809
Yep. Just to hear from you
1904
01:39:03,809 --> 01:39:04,932
what's happening,
1905
01:39:04,933 --> 01:39:07,475
and if there are any, you know, new initiatives
1906
01:39:07,476 --> 01:39:08,351
that we should be aware of
1907
01:39:08,352 --> 01:39:09,642
or if there are any ongoing initiatives,
1908
01:39:09,643 --> 01:39:12,183
just for you to give us updates on those as well.
1909
01:39:12,184 --> 01:39:13,350
We've got to make sure that
1910
01:39:13,351 --> 01:39:15,932
we're bringing our Government Affairs with us
1911
01:39:15,933 --> 01:39:17,851
so that they understand where we might be able
1912
01:39:17,852 --> 01:39:21,475
to plug into those government relationships, right?
1913
01:39:21,476 --> 01:39:22,517
So we need to do both.
1914
01:39:22,518 --> 01:39:23,932
Off the top of my head,
1915
01:39:23,933 --> 01:39:25,475
Christopher mentioned our meeting this week
1916
01:39:25,476 --> 01:39:26,933
with the Department of Health.
1917
01:39:26,934 --> 01:39:27,852
As you all know,
1918
01:39:27,853 --> 01:39:29,600
the First Lady's mental health initiative.
1919
01:39:29,601 --> 01:39:32,642
We're trying to see how we can help them
1920
01:39:32,643 --> 01:39:33,434
move that agenda along.
1921
01:39:33,436 --> 01:39:36,809
There are a lot of ways that we can provide help to the city.
1922
01:39:36,809 --> 01:39:39,932
A, you know, we have infrastructure
1923
01:39:39,933 --> 01:39:40,975
in every neighborhood in the city,
1924
01:39:40,976 --> 01:39:43,684
so we can provide space for them to conduct meetings.
1925
01:39:43,684 --> 01:39:45,142
We can also help them get the word out
1926
01:39:45,143 --> 01:39:46,101
on some of these initiatives
1927
01:39:46,102 --> 01:39:48,058
and possibly our programming can align
1928
01:39:48,059 --> 01:39:50,600
with what they're trying to achieve as well.
1929
01:39:50,601 --> 01:39:51,892
Minority women-owned businesses.
1930
01:39:51,893 --> 01:39:54,975
We're working with the city on this as well,
1931
01:39:54,976 --> 01:39:56,225
to track, to do a better job
1932
01:39:56,226 --> 01:40:00,225
of tracking, um, you know, who we partner with,
1933
01:40:00,226 --> 01:40:01,932
who we do business with.
1934
01:40:01,933 --> 01:40:04,016
So that's happening right now.
1935
01:40:04,017 --> 01:40:07,058
IDNYC is ongoing, as we know.
1936
01:40:07,059 --> 01:40:10,100
The city is so happy with our participation
1937
01:40:10,101 --> 01:40:11,559
under the IDNYC programming,
1938
01:40:11,559 --> 01:40:14,434
they've asked us to provide pop-up sites,
1939
01:40:14,434 --> 01:40:16,183
so some of you are involved with that as well.
1940
01:40:16,184 --> 01:40:18,559
Christopher knows about this as well.
1941
01:40:18,559 --> 01:40:20,517
Uh, the mayor's Office of Immigrant Affairs,
1942
01:40:20,518 --> 01:40:21,933
I mean, New Americans Corners.
1943
01:40:21,934 --> 01:40:23,932
We set those up last those up last year in all the branches
1944
01:40:23,933 --> 01:40:25,684
and the city is thinking about ways
1945
01:40:25,684 --> 01:40:28,308
that they can improve on those services
1946
01:40:28,309 --> 01:40:29,226
to the immigrant population
1947
01:40:29,227 --> 01:40:31,684
and one of the ways that they're looking to do that right now
1948
01:40:31,684 --> 01:40:35,892
is to possibly provide legal services
1949
01:40:35,893 --> 01:40:38,892
in public spaces in the city, including libraries.
1950
01:40:38,893 --> 01:40:39,684
So we're in conversations
1951
01:40:39,686 --> 01:40:40,932
with the city on that as well.
1952
01:40:40,933 --> 01:40:42,100
Libraries have always been this adjunct...
1953
01:40:42,101 --> 01:40:44,851
Right. To the education system
1954
01:40:44,852 --> 01:40:45,932
in the city.
1955
01:40:45,933 --> 01:40:47,600
There are 127 city agencies.
1956
01:40:47,601 --> 01:40:49,932
I'm sure if we were to go through a list,
1957
01:40:49,933 --> 01:40:52,932
we probably do business with 30 or 40 of them.
1958
01:40:52,933 --> 01:40:56,892
We are the greatest example of a public-private partnership
1959
01:40:56,893 --> 01:40:58,225
and on that public side, I mean,
1960
01:40:58,226 --> 01:41:00,475
we interact deeply on a daily basis,
1961
01:41:00,476 --> 01:41:03,308
and it really is, uh, it's a good idea for us
1962
01:41:03,309 --> 01:41:05,434
to track that as best we can.
1963
01:41:13,768 --> 01:41:16,475
Mr. García Márquez is mostly remembered
1964
01:41:16,476 --> 01:41:18,350
in terms of magical realism,
1965
01:41:18,351 --> 01:41:19,559
being the style that he worked in.
1966
01:41:19,559 --> 01:41:25,267
You know, the idea of magic being a part of everyday life,
1967
01:41:25,268 --> 01:41:29,392
extraordinary things happen, magical things happen,
1968
01:41:29,393 --> 01:41:30,933
spellbinding things happening.
1969
01:41:30,934 --> 01:41:31,933
A big part of his work.
1970
01:41:31,934 --> 01:41:35,434
Several people have said that Love in the Time of Cholera
1971
01:41:35,434 --> 01:41:37,975
is like the American Huckleberry Finn.
1972
01:41:37,976 --> 01:41:39,142
Everybody knows it.
1973
01:41:39,143 --> 01:41:39,933
Everybody can quote it.
1974
01:41:39,934 --> 01:41:43,600
People, you know, it's the book everybody reads there.
1975
01:41:43,601 --> 01:41:46,016
Um, so...
1976
01:41:46,017 --> 01:41:47,932
So what do we think of him?
1977
01:41:47,933 --> 01:41:49,684
I did think, as I read it,
1978
01:41:49,684 --> 01:41:51,600
it would have been better titled,
1979
01:41:51,601 --> 01:41:55,016
Lovemaking in the Time of Cholera,
1980
01:41:55,017 --> 01:41:57,058
because I got a little bored
1981
01:41:57,059 --> 01:41:59,725
with all the in and outs of all the bed.
1982
01:41:59,726 --> 01:42:02,517
I find the beginning lines and beginning pages,
1983
01:42:02,518 --> 01:42:06,475
I can tell whether I can get into a book in a couple days.
1984
01:42:06,476 --> 01:42:08,725
I mean, it's not like, "Call me Ishmael,"
1985
01:42:08,726 --> 01:42:09,932
which is very striking,
1986
01:42:09,933 --> 01:42:11,767
but this one is, "It was inevitable:
1987
01:42:11,768 --> 01:42:15,767
"the scent of bitter almonds always reminded him
1988
01:42:15,768 --> 01:42:17,851
of the fate of unrequited love."
1989
01:42:17,852 --> 01:42:20,851
And the theme of almonds and bitter almonds come through.
1990
01:42:20,852 --> 01:42:24,475
And this is a story of unrequited love.
1991
01:42:24,476 --> 01:42:27,851
That was only at the end gets fulfilled
1992
01:42:27,852 --> 01:42:32,225
under the guise of being a boat with cholera, you know.
1993
01:42:32,226 --> 01:42:34,308
And so I think he's saying, in a way,
1994
01:42:34,309 --> 01:42:36,308
that passion is a sickness.
1995
01:42:36,309 --> 01:42:38,932
The explanation for Florentino
1996
01:42:38,933 --> 01:42:43,559
was exactly what you said, unrequited love.
1997
01:42:43,559 --> 01:42:46,475
That kicked off the rest of his life.
1998
01:42:46,476 --> 01:42:49,350
It affected him for the rest of his life,
1999
01:42:49,351 --> 01:42:52,058
but he really loved Fermina.
2000
01:42:52,059 --> 01:42:55,016
Yes, he screwed all these women
2001
01:42:55,017 --> 01:42:59,600
in both figurative and literal sense,
2002
01:42:59,601 --> 01:43:01,475
but he loved Fermina,
2003
01:43:01,476 --> 01:43:03,559
and he would have done anything for her,
2004
01:43:03,559 --> 01:43:07,809
and I think this is proven throughout the book.
2005
01:43:07,809 --> 01:43:10,225
Also, he was devastated
2006
01:43:10,226 --> 01:43:12,933
by what happened to América Vicuña.
2007
01:43:12,934 --> 01:43:15,225
Right. As we all were,
2008
01:43:15,226 --> 01:43:16,933
he was devastated by that.
2009
01:43:16,934 --> 01:43:19,225
He kept on thinking about it.
2010
01:43:19,226 --> 01:43:20,350
He went into the stateroom
2011
01:43:20,351 --> 01:43:24,058
on that final voyage down the Magdalena,
2012
01:43:24,059 --> 01:43:28,932
and he cried until there were no tears left.
2013
01:43:28,933 --> 01:43:30,932
He was a human being,
2014
01:43:30,933 --> 01:43:34,642
and that's what I think was so good about this book.
2015
01:43:34,643 --> 01:43:39,932
It was surreal in many respects, magical realism,
2016
01:43:39,933 --> 01:43:42,767
but yet there's tremendous,
2017
01:43:42,768 --> 01:43:45,932
in-depth knowledge of human nature,
2018
01:43:45,933 --> 01:43:48,559
both good and bad, in this book.
2019
01:43:48,559 --> 01:43:55,600
I felt it so perceptive about what it means to be married,
2020
01:43:55,601 --> 01:43:57,600
what it means on your wedding night,
2021
01:43:57,601 --> 01:44:02,517
what it means to be a widow, what it means to get old.
2022
01:44:02,518 --> 01:44:05,434
I mean, I was personally affected
2023
01:44:05,434 --> 01:44:09,475
by the fact that the whole second part of the book was,
2024
01:44:09,476 --> 01:44:13,016
"What does it mean to be in your 70s now?"
2025
01:44:13,017 --> 01:44:18,809
And yet, he keeps on injecting these surreal elements.
2026
01:44:18,809 --> 01:44:23,932
So I think both characters were very sympathetic.
2027
01:44:23,933 --> 01:44:27,016
They were real.
2028
01:44:27,017 --> 01:44:30,642
It was his imagination of Fermina that he loved.
2029
01:44:30,643 --> 01:44:32,058
He didn't know her.
2030
01:44:32,059 --> 01:44:34,851
He only knew what he thought she was,
2031
01:44:34,852 --> 01:44:38,100
and of course we've all had relationships
2032
01:44:38,101 --> 01:44:39,559
where the person, the other person,
2033
01:44:39,559 --> 01:44:41,142
thinks we're something we're not.
2034
01:44:41,143 --> 01:44:41,809
And, I mean,
2035
01:44:41,811 --> 01:44:43,975
it takes a while for you to finally say, "Look,
2036
01:44:43,976 --> 01:44:45,932
I'm not who you think I am," you know?
2037
01:44:45,933 --> 01:44:48,475
It's the... and I think he had all...
2038
01:44:48,476 --> 01:44:51,932
it was his imagination that sustained him,
2039
01:44:51,933 --> 01:44:54,142
not the real person.
2040
01:44:54,143 --> 01:44:55,767
But I do think love, you know, what is love?
2041
01:44:55,768 --> 01:44:57,932
It's very hard to figure it out.
2042
01:44:57,933 --> 01:44:59,725
He was in love with love,
2043
01:44:59,726 --> 01:45:02,559
or his fantasy of her, his, you know, what did you call him?
2044
01:45:02,559 --> 01:45:05,517
His imagination of her, about her
2045
01:45:05,518 --> 01:45:06,309
was not the real her,
2046
01:45:06,309 --> 01:45:08,851
and, um, and that's what kept him going.
2047
01:45:08,852 --> 01:45:14,225
That and his constant promiscuous affairs, affairs,
2048
01:45:14,226 --> 01:45:15,017
is what kept him going.
2049
01:45:15,018 --> 01:45:18,058
Uh, so he was living in the world of illusion.
2050
01:45:18,059 --> 01:45:19,308
What is love, after all?
2051
01:45:19,309 --> 01:45:22,142
I think that's one of the themes of the book,
2052
01:45:22,143 --> 01:45:23,933
is that love is really an illusion,
2053
01:45:23,934 --> 01:45:28,058
and the way that Florentino loves Fermina
2054
01:45:28,059 --> 01:45:29,017
is no different than, say,
2055
01:45:29,018 --> 01:45:30,932
the way that Romeo falls in love with Juliet,
2056
01:45:30,933 --> 01:45:34,932
and it's based simply on a gut reaction in adolescence
2057
01:45:34,933 --> 01:45:38,392
and based on very little else.
2058
01:45:38,393 --> 01:45:39,393
The pursuit of love,
2059
01:45:39,394 --> 01:45:40,434
it's just a means to delay
2060
01:45:40,434 --> 01:45:42,392
and avoid the aging process
2061
01:45:42,393 --> 01:45:45,975
and ultimately to avoid death, if you can,
2062
01:45:45,976 --> 01:45:47,932
as long as you can.
2063
01:46:15,933 --> 01:46:17,932
Both the city and the library tend
2064
01:46:17,933 --> 01:46:21,267
to view a lot of patron-facing digital efforts as separate.
2065
01:46:21,268 --> 01:46:23,100
So there's the IT G consideration
2066
01:46:23,101 --> 01:46:26,434
of how much bandwidth we provide for Wi-Fi.
2067
01:46:26,434 --> 01:46:27,932
There's innovation labs.
2068
01:46:27,933 --> 01:46:30,308
There's Tech Connect, there's the hotspots.
2069
01:46:30,309 --> 01:46:30,933
On the city side,
2070
01:46:30,934 --> 01:46:32,892
there's the Lincoln YC pay phones projects.
2071
01:46:32,893 --> 01:46:34,559
There's coding in the schools.
2072
01:46:34,559 --> 01:46:36,183
There's a NYCHA hotspot.
2073
01:46:36,184 --> 01:46:41,308
These are all you know, components of a larger strategy
2074
01:46:41,309 --> 01:46:43,267
around an inclusive digital city.
2075
01:46:43,268 --> 01:46:44,517
If you tell that richer story,
2076
01:46:44,518 --> 01:46:48,932
it, um, it's more powerful, because you see the connections,
2077
01:46:48,933 --> 01:46:50,932
and, frankly, from a library perspective,
2078
01:46:50,933 --> 01:46:53,932
it reveals just how integral we are
2079
01:46:53,933 --> 01:46:55,392
to the digital life of the city,
2080
01:46:55,393 --> 01:46:58,767
in a way that if you just take it one on one,
2081
01:46:58,768 --> 01:47:00,434
we're sort of less relevant.
2082
01:47:00,434 --> 01:47:01,892
And so that's the other goal of this.
2083
01:47:01,893 --> 01:47:04,975
Can we help the city understand the richness
2084
01:47:04,976 --> 01:47:05,684
of these issues,
2085
01:47:05,686 --> 01:47:07,183
so they can understand the richness of our solution?
2086
01:47:07,184 --> 01:47:10,308
Should we have personas for, like,
2087
01:47:10,309 --> 01:47:12,142
think of different types of users.
2088
01:47:12,143 --> 01:47:12,933
Yes.
2089
01:47:12,934 --> 01:47:14,932
What does an older adult need to know
2090
01:47:14,933 --> 01:47:16,267
in order to be able
2091
01:47:16,268 --> 01:47:18,475
to communicate with their family,
2092
01:47:18,476 --> 01:47:21,892
to not feel isolated, to stay in touch with the news?
2093
01:47:21,893 --> 01:47:23,932
What does a student need to know?
2094
01:47:23,933 --> 01:47:26,932
What does a, right, um... in, in,
2095
01:47:26,933 --> 01:47:29,350
some of that conceptual work actually doesn't exist
2096
01:47:29,351 --> 01:47:31,267
in the larger digital literacy space,
2097
01:47:31,268 --> 01:47:33,932
but is exactly the input necessary
2098
01:47:33,933 --> 01:47:36,142
for us to then say, "Okay.
2099
01:47:36,143 --> 01:47:37,475
"If that's where people need to go,
2100
01:47:37,476 --> 01:47:40,475
"where are we best equipped to help take them
2101
01:47:40,476 --> 01:47:41,434
"and how can we partner
2102
01:47:41,436 --> 01:47:43,642
"with the other institutions around the city
2103
01:47:43,643 --> 01:47:45,932
"to sort of collectively have
2104
01:47:45,933 --> 01:47:47,932
a digitally rich environment?"
2105
01:48:58,726 --> 01:48:59,809
I have to say, though,
2106
01:48:59,809 --> 01:49:01,475
I think of all the programs,
2107
01:49:01,476 --> 01:49:02,933
I am the most proud of what we're doing today,
2108
01:49:02,934 --> 01:49:05,183
because I think the mission of the library
2109
01:49:05,184 --> 01:49:09,142
and the mission of our guests resonate so beautifully.
2110
01:49:09,143 --> 01:49:12,392
We want to share the arts with all people,
2111
01:49:12,393 --> 01:49:14,725
and this city, which is so amazing,
2112
01:49:14,726 --> 01:49:18,058
with incredible theater and incredible theater-makers,
2113
01:49:18,059 --> 01:49:21,434
these guests are part of the reason why
2114
01:49:21,434 --> 01:49:24,932
deaf audiences are able to experience that.
2115
01:49:24,933 --> 01:49:26,517
Interpreters at theater
2116
01:49:26,518 --> 01:49:29,725
are the red carpet for deaf audiences
2117
01:49:29,726 --> 01:49:34,225
to have access to what's being performed on stage.
2118
01:49:34,226 --> 01:49:36,932
Um, we are not performers,
2119
01:49:36,933 --> 01:49:42,600
yet in order for an audience that is deaf
2120
01:49:42,601 --> 01:49:47,016
to enjoy and cry and laugh
2121
01:49:47,017 --> 01:49:49,932
with everybody else in the theater,
2122
01:49:49,933 --> 01:49:53,225
they need to understand what's happening on stage,
2123
01:49:53,226 --> 01:49:58,058
and they need to understand the emotional life
2124
01:49:58,059 --> 01:50:00,851
of the actors and the characters,
2125
01:50:00,852 --> 01:50:03,100
the choices that actors are making,
2126
01:50:03,101 --> 01:50:05,767
and the, um...
2127
01:50:05,768 --> 01:50:07,851
that whole framework of the play.
2128
01:50:07,852 --> 01:50:10,392
So we do study the actors.
2129
01:50:10,393 --> 01:50:12,267
I do study their mannerisms.
2130
01:50:12,268 --> 01:50:18,559
I do think about the way a show is directed and staged.
2131
01:50:18,559 --> 01:50:20,350
I do think about text.
2132
01:50:20,351 --> 01:50:23,392
All those pieces come together
2133
01:50:23,393 --> 01:50:25,932
to present a red carpet to the deaf audience
2134
01:50:25,933 --> 01:50:26,809
and say, "Hey,
2135
01:50:26,811 --> 01:50:29,932
this is the show that everybody's enjoying."
2136
01:50:29,933 --> 01:50:31,142
And I'm looking at how...
2137
01:50:31,143 --> 01:50:32,933
how the context is giving meaning.
2138
01:50:32,934 --> 01:50:36,308
I'm looking at what the intent of the person is
2139
01:50:36,309 --> 01:50:40,267
that's hearing, that's speaking to the deaf person.
2140
01:50:40,268 --> 01:50:45,100
I'm trying to pull out and parse out all of that
2141
01:50:45,101 --> 01:50:48,350
so I can create a real communication
2142
01:50:48,351 --> 01:50:49,932
between these two worlds
2143
01:50:49,933 --> 01:50:51,851
that are... come with different cultures,
2144
01:50:51,852 --> 01:50:53,809
different backgrounds, different world understanding.
2145
01:50:53,809 --> 01:50:58,725
Sign language is more than just how your hands move.
2146
01:50:58,726 --> 01:51:01,851
It's this whole three-dimensional space
2147
01:51:01,852 --> 01:51:02,932
in front of you.
2148
01:51:02,933 --> 01:51:04,975
So it does include our face.
2149
01:51:04,976 --> 01:51:07,932
That's where grammar will show up a lot of times
2150
01:51:07,933 --> 01:51:11,267
as well as, um...
2151
01:51:11,268 --> 01:51:13,932
affect, mood.
2152
01:51:13,933 --> 01:51:15,475
So it has a dual purpose.
2153
01:51:15,476 --> 01:51:20,892
So I think that we try to explore that with every play.
2154
01:51:20,893 --> 01:51:22,517
What's the feeling in every play?
2155
01:51:22,518 --> 01:51:23,351
What's the mood?
2156
01:51:23,352 --> 01:51:24,684
What are the characters doing, yeah.
2157
01:51:24,684 --> 01:51:27,142
One thing that the library has
2158
01:51:27,143 --> 01:51:29,475
that's kind of cool is we have
2159
01:51:29,476 --> 01:51:31,058
the fair copy of the Declaration of Independence
2160
01:51:31,059 --> 01:51:34,975
that Thomas Jefferson wrote as a draft
2161
01:51:34,976 --> 01:51:37,932
before the final draft went to the Continental Congress.
2162
01:51:37,933 --> 01:51:40,434
And, um, the big difference is there's a section that,
2163
01:51:40,434 --> 01:51:43,183
where he's quite negative about slavery,
2164
01:51:43,184 --> 01:51:43,933
and that was taken out
2165
01:51:43,934 --> 01:51:48,684
to win the support of delegates from some southern colonies.
2166
01:51:48,684 --> 01:51:50,517
Um, we were wondering just,
2167
01:51:50,518 --> 01:51:52,475
since everyone's relatively familiar
2168
01:51:52,476 --> 01:51:53,932
with the Declaration of Independence,
2169
01:51:53,933 --> 01:51:56,434
we were thinking we could get two volunteers
2170
01:51:56,434 --> 01:51:58,142
to read just a few lines,
2171
01:51:58,143 --> 01:52:01,642
uh, trying to capture a different mood,
2172
01:52:01,643 --> 01:52:02,643
a different emotion.
2173
01:52:02,644 --> 01:52:05,392
Um, one, sort of angry and defiant
2174
01:52:05,393 --> 01:52:08,892
and then another one kind of more inspired and uplifting.
2175
01:52:08,893 --> 01:52:10,932
No, pleading. Pleading, okay.
2176
01:52:10,933 --> 01:52:13,932
Pleading the king to allow you to do this.
2177
01:52:13,933 --> 01:52:14,393
Yeah.
2178
01:52:14,394 --> 01:52:15,932
So do we have any volunteers?
2179
01:52:15,933 --> 01:52:17,392
Somebody want to give it a try?
2180
01:52:17,393 --> 01:52:19,434
Okay. And this lady also.
2181
01:52:19,434 --> 01:52:20,851
Oh, terrific.
2182
01:52:20,852 --> 01:52:21,932
So is any... are either of you
2183
01:52:21,933 --> 01:52:25,933
feeling particularly angry or particularly pleading?
2184
01:52:25,934 --> 01:52:28,268
Her choice.
2185
01:52:30,684 --> 01:52:31,809
Why don't you try angry,
2186
01:52:31,809 --> 01:52:33,932
and you can use my microphone,
2187
01:52:33,933 --> 01:52:37,183
and Candice will be your interpreter.
2188
01:52:37,184 --> 01:52:38,932
Right, so you can stand right there,
2189
01:52:38,933 --> 01:52:40,559
and I'll stand next to you.
2190
01:52:40,559 --> 01:52:42,350
So hopefully this will show you
2191
01:52:42,351 --> 01:52:43,932
a little bit of the difference
2192
01:52:43,933 --> 01:52:48,142
in how an interpretation might look.
2193
01:52:48,143 --> 01:52:51,475
So very angry.
2194
01:52:51,476 --> 01:52:53,183
Not super fast.
2195
01:52:54,933 --> 01:52:55,518
Okay.
2196
01:52:55,519 --> 01:52:58,600
"We hold these truths to be self-evident,
2197
01:52:58,601 --> 01:53:00,308
"all men are created equal,
2198
01:53:00,309 --> 01:53:02,475
"that they are endowed by their Creator
2199
01:53:02,476 --> 01:53:04,851
"with certain unalienable rights,
2200
01:53:04,852 --> 01:53:07,434
"that among these are life, liberty,
2201
01:53:07,434 --> 01:53:09,975
"and the pursuit of happiness.
2202
01:53:09,976 --> 01:53:11,932
"And that to secure these rights,
2203
01:53:11,933 --> 01:53:14,308
"governments are instituted among men,
2204
01:53:14,309 --> 01:53:15,932
"deriving their just powers
2205
01:53:15,933 --> 01:53:17,851
"from the consent of the governed.
2206
01:53:17,852 --> 01:53:19,851
"That whenever any form of government
2207
01:53:19,852 --> 01:53:21,434
"becomes destructive of these ends,
2208
01:53:21,434 --> 01:53:25,308
"it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it,
2209
01:53:25,309 --> 01:53:26,933
"to institute a new government,
2210
01:53:26,934 --> 01:53:29,350
"laying its foundation on such principles
2211
01:53:29,351 --> 01:53:32,183
"and organizing its powers in such form,
2212
01:53:32,184 --> 01:53:35,559
"as to them shall seem most likely
2213
01:53:35,559 --> 01:53:40,183
to effect their safety and happiness."
2214
01:53:42,268 --> 01:53:43,434
You were angry.
2215
01:53:43,434 --> 01:53:44,351
Pleading?
2216
01:53:44,351 --> 01:53:45,351
Yeah, pleading.
2217
01:53:45,352 --> 01:53:48,725
Pleading, you may have gotten the easier one.
2218
01:53:48,726 --> 01:53:50,016
You're begging... Are you ready?
2219
01:53:50,017 --> 01:53:55,308
You're begging the king to allow us to do this.
2220
01:53:55,309 --> 01:53:59,058
"We hold these truths to be self-evident,
2221
01:53:59,059 --> 01:54:01,851
"that all men are created equal,
2222
01:54:01,852 --> 01:54:04,809
"that they are endowed by the creator
2223
01:54:04,809 --> 01:54:07,642
"with certain unalienable rights,
2224
01:54:07,643 --> 01:54:11,434
"that among these are life, liberty,
2225
01:54:11,434 --> 01:54:14,308
"and the pursuit of happiness.
2226
01:54:14,309 --> 01:54:16,392
"That to secure these rights,
2227
01:54:16,393 --> 01:54:19,600
"governments are instituted among men,
2228
01:54:19,601 --> 01:54:21,684
"deriving their just powers
2229
01:54:21,684 --> 01:54:24,016
"from the consent of the governed.
2230
01:54:24,017 --> 01:54:26,517
"That whenever any form of government
2231
01:54:26,518 --> 01:54:28,559
"becomes destructive of these ends,
2232
01:54:28,559 --> 01:54:35,475
"it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it,
2233
01:54:35,476 --> 01:54:37,642
"and to institute a new government,
2234
01:54:37,643 --> 01:54:39,932
"laying its foundation on such principles
2235
01:54:39,933 --> 01:54:43,100
"and organizing its powers in such form,
2236
01:54:43,101 --> 01:54:47,183
"as to them shall seem most likely
2237
01:54:47,184 --> 01:54:52,351
to effect their safety and happiness."
2238
01:54:55,727 --> 01:54:57,434
Little prep next time for me.
2239
01:54:58,352 --> 01:54:59,434
That was fantastic.
2240
01:54:59,434 --> 01:55:00,892
We have such talented audiences
2241
01:55:00,893 --> 01:55:02,932
at the Library for the Performing Arts.
2242
01:55:02,933 --> 01:55:04,600
We do. Thank you so much.
2243
01:59:48,809 --> 01:59:50,183
Leroy...
2244
01:59:50,184 --> 01:59:53,517
Have you seen who got 30?
2245
02:00:03,017 --> 02:00:04,517
But teens are more independent,
2246
02:00:04,518 --> 02:00:06,267
and they have a hard time
2247
02:00:06,268 --> 02:00:06,933
asking for help.
2248
02:00:06,933 --> 02:00:07,933
Most of the times, a lot of teens,
2249
02:00:07,934 --> 02:00:09,100
they think they know it all.
2250
02:00:09,101 --> 02:00:10,350
We all did at one time.
2251
02:00:10,351 --> 02:00:10,933
So it's kinda...
2252
02:00:10,934 --> 02:00:12,892
So my best way of getting in touch with them
2253
02:00:12,893 --> 02:00:14,851
is kind of let them know, "Oh, listen.
2254
02:00:14,852 --> 02:00:15,685
"So what are you doing?
2255
02:00:15,686 --> 02:00:16,932
"I'm so bad at math.
2256
02:00:16,933 --> 02:00:17,933
"What do you recommend for me to do?
2257
02:00:17,934 --> 02:00:19,642
What do you do to work on your math skills?"
2258
02:00:19,643 --> 02:00:20,809
And then they'll tell me, "Oh, Rick,
2259
02:00:20,810 --> 02:00:22,058
"all you need to do is do this,
2260
02:00:22,059 --> 02:00:23,350
and they have books in there."
2261
02:00:23,351 --> 02:00:24,932
I'm like, "Oh I know we do, but do you use them?"
2262
02:00:24,933 --> 02:00:26,600
And they're like, "Oh, yeah, Ricky.
2263
02:00:26,601 --> 02:00:27,933
You could go to this website too..."
2264
02:00:27,934 --> 02:00:30,932
So I kind of feel what they need and what they know
2265
02:00:30,933 --> 02:00:32,058
and then I build from there.
2266
02:00:32,059 --> 02:00:35,267
Um, it's a little bit hard when it comes to,
2267
02:00:35,268 --> 02:00:36,559
getting them to come for,
2268
02:00:36,560 --> 02:00:39,183
like, if we do a teen math program here,
2269
02:00:39,184 --> 02:00:40,975
a lot of times, if we tell the teens,
2270
02:00:40,976 --> 02:00:41,933
they won't come in.
2271
02:00:41,934 --> 02:00:43,809
So it's different ways and techniques.
2272
02:00:43,810 --> 02:00:44,932
So it will be great for us too.
2273
02:00:44,933 --> 02:00:47,267
This is what we have to work, and that we're with the schools.
2274
02:00:47,268 --> 02:00:49,142
So the schools could work something with the parents,
2275
02:00:49,143 --> 02:00:51,475
and then their parents bring the teens in.
2276
02:00:51,476 --> 02:00:54,559
Because they'll come in for a great Wii game or Xbox.
2277
02:00:54,560 --> 02:00:56,392
They'll come in on their own for that, no problem.
2278
02:00:56,393 --> 02:00:57,600
Recreational. Recreational.
2279
02:00:57,601 --> 02:00:58,932
But when it comes to something educational,
2280
02:00:58,933 --> 02:01:00,475
it's a little bit hard, which is understandable,
2281
02:01:00,476 --> 02:01:02,809
because they're doing school seven hours a day.
2282
02:01:02,810 --> 02:01:03,685
Yeah, they're exhausted.
2283
02:01:03,686 --> 02:01:04,975
They're exhausted when they come here.
2284
02:01:04,976 --> 02:01:07,809
This is why I think it's very important for the libraries
2285
02:01:07,810 --> 02:01:10,975
to give the teens their own space
2286
02:01:10,976 --> 02:01:12,851
and their time in each branch,
2287
02:01:12,852 --> 02:01:13,932
because it's important for the teens
2288
02:01:13,933 --> 02:01:16,142
to come in and feel like they belong somewhere.
2289
02:01:16,143 --> 02:01:16,933
And it's not a school.
2290
02:01:16,934 --> 02:01:18,767
When they come to our programs, I don't want them to feel
2291
02:01:18,768 --> 02:01:20,559
like they have to sit there straight
2292
02:01:20,560 --> 02:01:21,435
and just do math work.
2293
02:01:21,436 --> 02:01:23,016
No, I want you to feel like this is the place
2294
02:01:23,017 --> 02:01:24,642
for you to come with your friends...
2295
02:01:24,643 --> 02:01:26,016
Yes.
2296
02:01:26,017 --> 02:01:26,933
And talk about math,
2297
02:01:26,933 --> 02:01:27,933
you can learn from each other,
2298
02:01:27,934 --> 02:01:29,475
respect each other is the main thing that I want.
2299
02:01:29,476 --> 02:01:32,058
Respect each other, but also learn from each other,
2300
02:01:32,059 --> 02:01:33,142
and how can you help each other?
2301
02:01:33,143 --> 02:01:35,058
And with the teens, a great way to do that too
2302
02:01:35,059 --> 02:01:37,975
is get them, a bunch of teens in one room together
2303
02:01:37,976 --> 02:01:40,932
and have them kind of let us know what they need,
2304
02:01:40,933 --> 02:01:43,225
not us kind of telling them, "Oh, this is what you do."
2305
02:01:43,226 --> 02:01:45,600
It's kind of like, "How will you help him?
2306
02:01:45,601 --> 02:01:46,226
How would she help him?"
2307
02:01:46,227 --> 02:01:48,932
All that kind of stuff, and it works.
2308
02:01:48,933 --> 02:01:49,768
We have, as you know,
2309
02:01:49,769 --> 02:01:56,100
a great way of studying how the children and teen readers,
2310
02:01:56,101 --> 02:01:57,142
their reading patterns,
2311
02:01:57,143 --> 02:01:58,350
in terms of what is being borrowed,
2312
02:01:58,351 --> 02:02:00,932
through a tool called Collection HQ,
2313
02:02:00,933 --> 02:02:04,767
and I noticed for the September statistics
2314
02:02:04,768 --> 02:02:07,559
for Parkchester's children and teens,
2315
02:02:07,560 --> 02:02:09,016
there was a lot of focus on math.
2316
02:02:09,017 --> 02:02:11,559
Right. It seemed to be a point...
2317
02:02:12,561 --> 02:02:13,851
"How's your math going?"
2318
02:02:13,852 --> 02:02:14,932
Where... right.
2319
02:02:14,933 --> 02:02:16,016
Not good.
2320
02:02:16,017 --> 02:02:20,975
As far as, of the top ten circulating children,
2321
02:02:20,976 --> 02:02:23,684
non-fiction titles for Parkchester,
2322
02:02:23,685 --> 02:02:25,267
there were at least four or five books
2323
02:02:25,268 --> 02:02:28,684
on fractions being requested. Correct.
2324
02:02:28,685 --> 02:02:30,932
And what will be interesting for all of us to see
2325
02:02:30,933 --> 02:02:34,851
is system-wide, is that also a pattern of use, right?
2326
02:02:34,852 --> 02:02:35,393
Yeah.
2327
02:02:35,394 --> 02:02:37,559
Um, Ashante, you've been working a lot
2328
02:02:37,560 --> 02:02:39,933
with, um, through the MyLibraryNYC program,
2329
02:02:39,934 --> 02:02:43,308
and I'm just curious, does this seem to be the...
2330
02:02:43,309 --> 02:02:45,975
is... does there seem to be a true pattern
2331
02:02:45,976 --> 02:02:48,350
of certain topics being covered
2332
02:02:48,351 --> 02:02:51,600
at various points in the year by children and teens?
2333
02:02:51,601 --> 02:02:56,517
Um, parents are really challenged by the new math,
2334
02:02:56,518 --> 02:02:58,559
Yes, Common Core.
2335
02:02:58,560 --> 02:03:02,975
So they're used to doing the math, working from...
2336
02:03:02,976 --> 02:03:06,642
working from the top down,
2337
02:03:06,643 --> 02:03:08,975
and now they're going from left to right.
2338
02:03:08,976 --> 02:03:09,933
Right.
2339
02:03:09,934 --> 02:03:12,932
So parents are looking for books on math,
2340
02:03:12,933 --> 02:03:14,434
kids are looking for books for math,
2341
02:03:14,435 --> 02:03:16,851
and we're seeing that, with the teacher's sets,
2342
02:03:16,852 --> 02:03:20,225
that math teachers are looking for teacher sets
2343
02:03:20,226 --> 02:03:23,892
using the MyLibraryNYC teacher sets,
2344
02:03:23,893 --> 02:03:27,725
and... it is, it is a true trend.
2345
02:03:27,726 --> 02:03:29,475
So I'm glad you guys noticed it.
2346
02:03:29,476 --> 02:03:30,517
There's this huge increase
2347
02:03:30,518 --> 02:03:33,308
in circulation of teacher sets and items,
2348
02:03:33,309 --> 02:03:37,933
and so I'm wondering, are they mostly math teacher sets or...?
2349
02:03:37,934 --> 02:03:39,058
Well, the highest...
2350
02:03:39,059 --> 02:03:41,308
the highest-circulating teacher set
2351
02:03:41,309 --> 02:03:43,642
is the baby animals.
2352
02:03:43,643 --> 02:03:45,308
Because who doesn't love baby animals?
2353
02:03:45,309 --> 02:03:46,933
That is the highest-circulating.
2354
02:03:46,934 --> 02:03:50,932
But math is following right behind it.
2355
02:03:50,933 --> 02:03:52,267
And that's new, right?
2356
02:03:52,268 --> 02:03:54,016
Yeah, that's new. That's new.
2357
02:03:54,017 --> 02:03:54,933
We've tripled our,
2358
02:03:54,934 --> 02:03:56,932
we've over tripled our teacher sets.
2359
02:03:56,933 --> 02:03:59,350
Yeah, I was reading this last night.
2360
02:03:59,351 --> 02:04:00,809
I thought, "That's incredible."
2361
02:04:00,810 --> 02:04:02,517
Yeah, we're very proud. Really incredible.
2362
02:04:02,518 --> 02:04:04,932
We need to look at it holistically.
2363
02:04:04,933 --> 02:04:08,434
You know, how we can partner with the programming team
2364
02:04:08,435 --> 02:04:11,392
to ensure that there are resources
2365
02:04:11,393 --> 02:04:13,434
and, you know, there are connections made
2366
02:04:13,435 --> 02:04:15,058
between Programming and Collections,
2367
02:04:15,059 --> 02:04:18,932
and also how we can broaden our reach
2368
02:04:18,933 --> 02:04:21,932
by working with volunteers and staff.
2369
02:04:21,933 --> 02:04:25,183
There is a, an urgency around this.
2370
02:04:25,184 --> 02:04:25,933
We cannot fail.
2371
02:04:25,934 --> 02:04:29,100
I mean if parents are coming, pleading to you...
2372
02:04:29,101 --> 02:04:30,851
Yeah, yeah.
2373
02:04:30,852 --> 02:04:32,267
I can see in their eyes their need,
2374
02:04:32,268 --> 02:04:34,016
they want their kids to be successful.
2375
02:04:34,017 --> 02:04:35,100
Yeah, exactly.
2376
02:04:35,101 --> 02:04:37,892
Their whole family depends on this generation.
2377
02:04:37,893 --> 02:04:39,225
The library cannot fail.
2378
02:04:39,226 --> 02:04:39,768
Yeah.
2379
02:04:39,769 --> 02:04:42,434
If you actually had a non-floating collection
2380
02:04:42,435 --> 02:04:43,393
in specific areas
2381
02:04:43,394 --> 02:04:44,932
that you know your neighborhood really needs...
2382
02:04:44,933 --> 02:04:47,932
Like, math sounds like it's more than Parkchester,
2383
02:04:47,933 --> 02:04:49,058
but it's obviously here...
2384
02:04:49,059 --> 02:04:53,350
And you had a four- or five-day series
2385
02:04:53,351 --> 02:04:54,932
for parents and kids
2386
02:04:54,933 --> 02:04:57,392
to come and learn to do math together,
2387
02:04:57,393 --> 02:04:58,932
there might be a real opportunity
2388
02:04:58,933 --> 02:05:00,932
to bring the community together in here too.
2389
02:05:00,933 --> 02:05:03,642
So you could have something like the Programs in a Box.
2390
02:05:03,643 --> 02:05:04,393
You could have this...
2391
02:05:04,394 --> 02:05:06,183
I mean, the cornerstone of all of this
2392
02:05:06,184 --> 02:05:07,684
is you and the collection, right,
2393
02:05:07,685 --> 02:05:10,517
and having that partnership with the teachers.
2394
02:05:10,518 --> 02:05:11,932
Then you can build around it,
2395
02:05:11,933 --> 02:05:13,767
but we do have the means to build around it, right?
2396
02:05:13,768 --> 02:05:14,932
We have the Programs in a Box,
2397
02:05:14,933 --> 02:05:16,308
which we're all committed to.
2398
02:05:16,309 --> 02:05:20,016
We also have the ability to bring in community tutors.
2399
02:05:20,017 --> 02:05:22,392
There's a lot of potential there
2400
02:05:22,393 --> 02:05:24,600
that we can weave together.
2401
02:05:24,601 --> 02:05:25,560
Let's not lose sight of that,
2402
02:05:25,561 --> 02:05:27,600
and, actually, let's not give that up right now,
2403
02:05:27,601 --> 02:05:29,767
just because we're having this conversation.
2404
02:05:29,768 --> 02:05:33,932
Let's figure out how we help make that happen.
2405
02:06:13,810 --> 02:06:15,932
Here you go.
2406
02:06:15,933 --> 02:06:17,058
Check in?
2407
02:06:17,059 --> 02:06:18,892
Or check out?
2408
02:06:25,976 --> 02:06:28,100
How old are you?
2409
02:06:28,101 --> 02:06:28,933
You're 12?
2410
02:06:28,934 --> 02:06:30,392
So you have a student ID?
2411
02:06:30,393 --> 02:06:32,809
Uh, do you have any form of ID?
2412
02:06:32,810 --> 02:06:34,932
Do you have something with your name on it
2413
02:06:34,933 --> 02:06:35,933
and your school name on it,
2414
02:06:35,934 --> 02:06:38,975
like a schedule or a report card
2415
02:06:38,976 --> 02:06:39,893
or a progress report?
2416
02:06:39,894 --> 02:06:42,475
Okay, so I need you to bring me one of those things,
2417
02:06:42,476 --> 02:06:43,684
and if you don't have any of those things,
2418
02:06:43,685 --> 02:06:46,932
then you need to come with a parent or guardian, okay?
2419
02:06:46,933 --> 02:06:48,308
So go get it? Huh?
2420
02:06:48,309 --> 02:06:49,684
Do I have to go get it?
2421
02:06:49,685 --> 02:06:52,100
If you have it, yeah.
2422
02:06:52,101 --> 02:06:54,142
Hey, can I take out Atlanta?
2423
02:06:54,143 --> 02:06:54,810
Yeah.
2424
02:06:54,811 --> 02:06:56,932
Um, this one's actually reserved,
2425
02:06:56,933 --> 02:07:00,600
but, um... let me see.
2426
02:07:03,101 --> 02:07:07,225
Since we're toward the tail of the NYPL Hot Spot program,
2427
02:07:07,226 --> 02:07:10,933
the devices generally were going out for a year.
2428
02:07:10,934 --> 02:07:11,933
That has changed.
2429
02:07:11,934 --> 02:07:14,684
Lending periods may be shorter than a year.
2430
02:07:14,685 --> 02:07:16,600
When we check the devices out upstairs,
2431
02:07:16,601 --> 02:07:17,725
the due date that it gives you
2432
02:07:17,726 --> 02:07:20,267
is the due date that it's going to provide.
2433
02:07:20,268 --> 02:07:21,932
They're not renewable at this point.
2434
02:07:21,933 --> 02:07:22,810
You're going to get
2435
02:07:22,811 --> 02:07:25,932
six gigabytes per month at 4G speed.
2436
02:07:25,933 --> 02:07:28,684
Now once you bypass that, it will still work,
2437
02:07:28,685 --> 02:07:30,517
but if you're doing something like streaming,
2438
02:07:30,518 --> 02:07:31,932
watching Netflix,
2439
02:07:31,933 --> 02:07:33,308
it's going to operate slower.
2440
02:07:33,309 --> 02:07:33,976
And keep in mind,
2441
02:07:33,977 --> 02:07:36,267
and I tell this to a lot of people,
2442
02:07:36,268 --> 02:07:39,434
because I've been doing this for the past couple of months,
2443
02:07:39,435 --> 02:07:41,933
be very careful who you let
2444
02:07:41,934 --> 02:07:42,933
use the hotspot device.
2445
02:07:42,934 --> 02:07:46,475
You can connect up to nine devices at once,
2446
02:07:46,476 --> 02:07:47,351
but you have to keep in mind
2447
02:07:47,352 --> 02:07:49,892
the other people who may be using the connection
2448
02:07:49,893 --> 02:07:52,642
may also be using the data that's already allocated.
2449
02:07:52,643 --> 02:07:55,434
So if they're streaming and you're streaming,
2450
02:07:55,435 --> 02:07:57,142
they're eating up data that you're using.
2451
02:07:57,143 --> 02:07:59,809
These can only be checked out
2452
02:07:59,810 --> 02:08:02,642
on fine-free adult library cards.
2453
02:08:02,643 --> 02:08:04,851
Kids cards cannot be used for this.
2454
02:08:04,852 --> 02:08:06,892
Cards for teens cannot be used for this.
2455
02:08:06,893 --> 02:08:10,308
And if anyone has any money on their library card now,
2456
02:08:10,309 --> 02:08:11,684
you will be asked to make a payment
2457
02:08:11,685 --> 02:08:15,142
and clear the balance completely once we go upstairs.
2458
02:08:15,143 --> 02:08:15,933
If you can't do that,
2459
02:08:15,934 --> 02:08:16,934
then we cannot check out the device.
2460
02:08:16,935 --> 02:08:19,642
Please have your library cards ready,
2461
02:08:19,643 --> 02:08:22,308
and we will proceed to the first floor for checkout.
2462
02:08:22,309 --> 02:08:25,809
I've only ever read the first one,
2463
02:08:25,810 --> 02:08:28,475
which is The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
2464
02:08:28,476 --> 02:08:29,851
That's what the movie's based on,
2465
02:08:29,852 --> 02:08:30,852
it's based on that book.
2466
02:08:30,853 --> 02:08:32,392
But that's just the first one.
2467
02:08:32,393 --> 02:08:35,932
And then there's The Marvelous Land of Oz,
2468
02:08:35,933 --> 02:08:39,267
Ozma of Oz, Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz,
2469
02:08:39,268 --> 02:08:42,100
The Road to Oz, The Emerald City of Oz,
2470
02:08:42,101 --> 02:08:42,933
The Patchwork Girl.
2471
02:08:42,933 --> 02:08:43,933
Like, and then it starts talking
2472
02:08:43,934 --> 02:08:46,684
about specific characters. Uh-huh.
2473
02:08:46,684 --> 02:08:48,767
Um...
2474
02:08:48,768 --> 02:08:51,600
Yeah, The Scarecrow of Oz.
2475
02:08:51,601 --> 02:08:52,932
Yeah, that's a whole series.
2476
02:08:52,933 --> 02:08:56,267
But I can put Glenda on hold for you.
2477
02:08:56,268 --> 02:08:57,143
Do you want me to do that?
2478
02:08:57,143 --> 02:08:58,101
Yes, please.
2479
02:08:58,101 --> 02:08:58,933
Okay.
2480
02:09:15,268 --> 02:09:19,350
This is for November 27, 2016.
2481
02:09:19,351 --> 02:09:23,601
Okay.
2482
02:09:25,268 --> 02:09:28,559
Okay, we keep the survey here.
2483
02:09:28,559 --> 02:09:30,225
And you are good to go. Congratulations.
2484
02:09:30,226 --> 02:09:31,600
Thank you. Have a good day.
2485
02:09:31,601 --> 02:09:33,559
You too, have a good one.
2486
02:09:33,559 --> 02:09:34,932
Next in line step down.
2487
02:09:34,933 --> 02:09:36,809
Sure.
2488
02:09:38,809 --> 02:09:39,309
Okay, yes.
2489
02:09:41,976 --> 02:09:44,350
♪ Celebrate good times, come on ♪
2490
02:09:44,351 --> 02:09:46,225
♪ ♪
2491
02:09:46,226 --> 02:09:48,932
Let's have some solos.
2492
02:09:48,933 --> 02:09:50,225
Tina.
2493
02:09:50,226 --> 02:09:50,933
Go, yes.
2494
02:09:50,934 --> 02:09:52,767
♪ Celebrate good times, come on ♪
2495
02:09:52,768 --> 02:09:54,600
Little solo.
2496
02:09:54,601 --> 02:09:57,933
♪ There's a party go in' on right here ♪
2497
02:09:57,934 --> 02:09:59,225
Cheer her on.
2498
02:09:59,226 --> 02:10:00,017
Tina.
2499
02:10:00,018 --> 02:10:01,684
♪ Celebration ♪
2500
02:10:01,684 --> 02:10:02,932
Fabulous.
2501
02:10:02,933 --> 02:10:04,183
Go Amina.
2502
02:10:04,184 --> 02:10:05,600
Amina.
2503
02:10:05,601 --> 02:10:07,183
♪ ...And your laughter too ♪
2504
02:10:07,184 --> 02:10:09,725
♪ We're gonna celebrate your party with you ♪
2505
02:10:09,726 --> 02:10:10,809
Go Amina.
2506
02:10:10,809 --> 02:10:12,933
Fabulous, go Amina.
2507
02:10:12,934 --> 02:10:15,434
Let's close it in a little.
2508
02:10:15,434 --> 02:10:16,101
Close it, close.
2509
02:10:16,102 --> 02:10:18,725
♪ Let's all celebrate and have a good time ♪
2510
02:10:18,726 --> 02:10:19,559
Good.
2511
02:10:19,559 --> 02:10:20,393
Go Bodie.
2512
02:10:20,394 --> 02:10:22,932
♪ Celebration ♪ Fabulous.
2513
02:10:22,933 --> 02:10:23,518
Go Bodie.
2514
02:10:23,519 --> 02:10:27,932
♪ We're gonna celebrate and have a good time ♪
2515
02:10:27,933 --> 02:10:31,559
♪ It's time to come together ♪
2516
02:10:31,559 --> 02:10:35,600
♪ It's up to you... ♪ Let's have Millie and Liz.
2517
02:10:35,601 --> 02:10:36,975
Millie and Liz join.
2518
02:10:36,976 --> 02:10:37,934
Millie.
2519
02:10:37,934 --> 02:10:39,100
Come in Liz.
2520
02:10:39,101 --> 02:10:40,392
You'll find her.
2521
02:10:40,393 --> 02:10:42,767
♪ ♪
2522
02:10:42,768 --> 02:10:43,768
Nice, nice.
2523
02:10:43,769 --> 02:10:45,892
I love the movement of Liz's legs.
2524
02:10:45,893 --> 02:10:46,852
Did you see that?
2525
02:10:46,853 --> 02:10:49,684
Look at Millie's stretched out legs.
2526
02:10:49,684 --> 02:10:51,809
Let's go easy.
2527
02:10:51,809 --> 02:10:53,475
Let's go.
2528
02:10:53,476 --> 02:10:54,309
Margalit.
2529
02:10:54,309 --> 02:10:55,933
Come on, take center.
2530
02:11:10,933 --> 02:11:12,892
That's right.
2531
02:11:12,893 --> 02:11:13,932
Just have to enter in the information
2532
02:11:13,933 --> 02:11:16,975
and then try it out and see what happens.
2533
02:11:16,976 --> 02:11:19,267
Right here...
2534
02:11:27,017 --> 02:11:28,851
Hey, hey. Julius,
2535
02:11:28,852 --> 02:11:32,517
if you're holding on to the robots to stop it from moving,
2536
02:11:32,518 --> 02:11:35,183
then that means you need to change something
2537
02:11:35,184 --> 02:11:36,559
on the computer.
2538
02:11:36,559 --> 02:11:38,851
This number?
2539
02:11:41,933 --> 02:11:45,309
Click the green "Run" button.
2540
02:11:46,933 --> 02:11:47,933
It was... ah!
2541
02:11:47,934 --> 02:11:50,642
I'll just click...
2542
02:11:50,643 --> 02:11:51,351
Um...
2543
02:11:51,352 --> 02:11:54,932
See how this is kind of moving?
2544
02:11:54,933 --> 02:11:55,852
Can you think of a way
2545
02:11:55,853 --> 02:11:57,975
that maybe you could make it more stable?
2546
02:11:57,976 --> 02:12:02,017
Five, four, three, two...
2547
02:12:03,768 --> 02:12:05,934
Oh, oh, oh!
2548
02:12:08,059 --> 02:12:09,100
Oh, oh!
2549
02:12:09,101 --> 02:12:11,932
So how many coding blocks did I have?
2550
02:12:11,933 --> 02:12:12,933
Five. That's right.
2551
02:12:12,934 --> 02:12:17,434
Now, do you have to make yours exactly the same as mine?
2552
02:12:17,434 --> 02:12:18,767
You don't.
2553
02:12:18,768 --> 02:12:20,932
But just remember that for each action
2554
02:12:20,933 --> 02:12:22,892
that you want this robot to do,
2555
02:12:22,893 --> 02:12:25,975
you have to add another coding block.
2556
02:12:25,976 --> 02:12:28,517
So you keep experimenting
2557
02:12:28,518 --> 02:12:30,975
until it works the way that you want it.
2558
02:12:30,976 --> 02:12:32,975
Please don't twist
2559
02:12:32,976 --> 02:12:34,932
Oh, I told you.
2560
02:12:34,933 --> 02:12:36,642
Please don't twist.
2561
02:12:36,643 --> 02:12:37,601
Oh, oh!
2562
02:12:37,602 --> 02:12:39,434
Anyway, it still didn't go over...
2563
02:12:39,434 --> 02:12:41,559
I mean, that's good, though.
2564
02:12:41,559 --> 02:12:43,642
That's good.
2565
02:12:43,643 --> 02:12:45,932
Yeah. Noah.
2566
02:12:45,933 --> 02:12:46,601
Yeah.
2567
02:12:46,601 --> 02:12:47,351
You did best.
2568
02:12:47,352 --> 02:12:48,684
Yeah, I did something. That's so cool.
2569
02:12:48,684 --> 02:12:50,183
Is it perfect?
2570
02:12:50,184 --> 02:12:51,267
Yes. Okay.
2571
02:13:15,852 --> 02:13:18,684
Welcome, everyone, to the celebration
2572
02:13:18,684 --> 02:13:22,142
of the 90th anniversary of the Schomburg Center.
2573
02:13:22,143 --> 02:13:26,932
It really is wonderful to have you all here this evening.
2574
02:13:26,933 --> 02:13:27,768
Thank you.
2575
02:13:27,769 --> 02:13:28,932
Thank you to the Schomburg.
2576
02:13:28,933 --> 02:13:32,932
Thank you for all the amazing work we all do together
2577
02:13:32,933 --> 02:13:35,767
as New Yorkers, as lovers of the library,
2578
02:13:35,768 --> 02:13:38,932
as all of us aspire to a world
2579
02:13:38,933 --> 02:13:42,392
of continued creativity and inspiration
2580
02:13:42,393 --> 02:13:45,725
drawn from the Schomburg and all of the collections
2581
02:13:45,726 --> 02:13:47,475
and work of the library.
2582
02:13:47,476 --> 02:13:49,932
Leading that effort at the Schomburg
2583
02:13:49,933 --> 02:13:54,350
is our amazing director, Khalil Gibran Muhammad.
2584
02:14:02,059 --> 02:14:02,933
And there he is.
2585
02:14:02,934 --> 02:14:05,517
And he'll tell us more about the important work
2586
02:14:05,518 --> 02:14:07,600
being carried out at the Schomburg
2587
02:14:07,601 --> 02:14:09,600
and the great history of the Schomburg
2588
02:14:09,601 --> 02:14:12,892
as we celebrate the 90th anniversary.
2589
02:14:12,893 --> 02:14:14,100
Over to you, Khalil.
2590
02:14:14,101 --> 02:14:14,933
Thank you.
2591
02:14:14,934 --> 02:14:18,225
I've work with and met some spectacular people
2592
02:14:18,226 --> 02:14:19,932
over the past several years.
2593
02:14:19,933 --> 02:14:23,932
People who are talented, creative, and passionate
2594
02:14:23,933 --> 02:14:24,809
about the Schomburg.
2595
02:14:24,811 --> 02:14:30,932
People whose words make the world kinder and gentler.
2596
02:14:30,933 --> 02:14:34,100
What I took for granted is the importance
2597
02:14:34,101 --> 02:14:38,932
and significance of the public value of what we do.
2598
02:14:38,933 --> 02:14:43,350
Of what our curators, archivists, librarians,
2599
02:14:43,351 --> 02:14:46,892
educators, and all the staff do,
2600
02:14:46,893 --> 02:14:50,016
of what our supporters and donors do.
2601
02:14:50,017 --> 02:14:54,142
We do mind building, soul affirming,
2602
02:14:54,143 --> 02:14:55,932
and surely more than we can ever measure
2603
02:14:55,933 --> 02:15:01,142
or put in an annual report, lifesaving work.
2604
02:15:01,143 --> 02:15:03,932
Toni Morrison once said in this building,
2605
02:15:03,933 --> 02:15:06,684
that libraries are the pillars of our democracy.
2606
02:15:06,684 --> 02:15:11,932
Maya Angelou sat on the Langston Hughes Stage
2607
02:15:11,933 --> 02:15:12,975
of the Schomburg Center
2608
02:15:12,976 --> 02:15:16,892
and called them "Rainbows in the clouds."
2609
02:15:16,893 --> 02:15:20,559
These are not just inspirational metaphors.
2610
02:15:20,559 --> 02:15:22,350
I've seen the light bulbs turn on
2611
02:15:22,351 --> 02:15:26,932
behind the eyes of a ten-year-old junior scholar.
2612
02:15:26,933 --> 02:15:29,933
I've listened to the octogenarian volunteer
2613
02:15:29,934 --> 02:15:33,434
tell me that, in our building,
2614
02:15:33,434 --> 02:15:37,932
being there helps her keep on keeping on.
2615
02:15:37,933 --> 02:15:39,932
I've greeted hundreds of academics
2616
02:15:39,933 --> 02:15:40,975
in our reading rooms,
2617
02:15:40,976 --> 02:15:43,767
and dozens and dozens of campuses across the nation,
2618
02:15:43,768 --> 02:15:48,600
who said it is hard to imagine what their careers would be,
2619
02:15:48,601 --> 02:15:52,892
but for the rich collections of the Schomburg archives.
2620
02:15:52,893 --> 02:15:56,058
There is nothing in the world more powerful
2621
02:15:56,059 --> 02:16:01,684
than to watch a history maker look back at her own legacy,
2622
02:16:01,684 --> 02:16:03,932
to touch his own past,
2623
02:16:03,933 --> 02:16:07,225
as I observed when Congressman John Lewis
2624
02:16:07,226 --> 02:16:09,225
held in his brave hands
2625
02:16:09,226 --> 02:16:11,932
the second meeting notes of SN CC,
2626
02:16:11,933 --> 02:16:14,932
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee,
2627
02:16:14,933 --> 02:16:16,932
from October of 1960,
2628
02:16:16,933 --> 02:16:19,559
housed in our Ella Baker Archives.
2629
02:16:19,559 --> 02:16:24,975
We should all be so fortunate to make some necessary trouble,
2630
02:16:24,976 --> 02:16:27,933
as Congressman Lewis always says
2631
02:16:27,934 --> 02:16:30,600
of his civil rights past.
2632
02:16:30,601 --> 02:16:33,225
And to have that trouble preserved
2633
02:16:33,226 --> 02:16:36,642
so that future generations will learn,
2634
02:16:36,643 --> 02:16:39,932
and, when necessary, be prepared to do the same.
2635
02:16:39,933 --> 02:16:41,975
It isn't an accident
2636
02:16:41,976 --> 02:16:44,932
that leaders of the NAACP and the Urban League
2637
02:16:44,933 --> 02:16:49,058
appealed to the Carnegie Corporation 90 years ago
2638
02:16:49,058 --> 02:16:51,932
to purchase Arturo Schomburg's collection.
2639
02:16:51,933 --> 02:16:55,558
Or that civil rights researchers turned to our collections
2640
02:16:55,559 --> 02:17:00,558
to argue and build a case for Brown v. Board of Education.
2641
02:17:00,559 --> 02:17:02,558
Their intention and our mission
2642
02:17:02,559 --> 02:17:06,267
remain as relevant and true to this day.
2643
02:17:06,268 --> 02:17:08,558
And through national partnerships
2644
02:17:08,559 --> 02:17:09,932
and digital initiatives,
2645
02:17:09,933 --> 02:17:12,932
we'll reach more people than ever before.
2646
02:17:19,601 --> 02:17:20,933
How much is the book?
2647
02:17:20,933 --> 02:17:23,808
Ten dollars, autographed copy.
2648
02:17:23,809 --> 02:17:25,932
I'll sign it for you personally.
2649
02:17:43,809 --> 02:17:45,517
Here we go, we're going to go,
2650
02:17:45,518 --> 02:17:49,932
♪ Old McDonald had a farm, E-I-E-I-O ♪
2651
02:17:49,933 --> 02:17:55,100
♪ And on that farm he had a wife, E-I-E-I-O. ♪
2652
02:17:55,101 --> 02:17:57,932
♪ With a kiss, kiss here and a kiss, kiss there ♪
2653
02:17:57,933 --> 02:18:00,932
♪ Here a kiss, there a kiss, everywhere a kiss, kiss ♪
2654
02:18:00,933 --> 02:18:06,267
♪ Old McDonald had a farm E-I-E-I-O ♪
2655
02:18:06,268 --> 02:18:11,683
♪ And on that farm he had a dog, E-I-E-I-O ♪
2656
02:18:11,684 --> 02:18:14,433
♪ With a woof, woof here and a woof, woof there ♪
2657
02:18:14,434 --> 02:18:17,642
♪ Here a woof, there a woof, everywhere a woof, woof ♪
2658
02:18:17,643 --> 02:18:21,183
: ♪ Old McDonald had a farm ♪
2659
02:19:52,268 --> 02:19:54,267
On to homeless patrons.
2660
02:19:54,268 --> 02:19:58,975
Everyone recognizes the problem seems to be increasing.
2661
02:19:58,976 --> 02:19:59,933
Yeah.
2662
02:19:59,934 --> 02:20:02,932
Everyone recognizes that the library has a responsibility
2663
02:20:02,933 --> 02:20:06,932
to serve all patrons and to be welcoming,
2664
02:20:06,933 --> 02:20:09,016
but there is sometimes a tension
2665
02:20:09,017 --> 02:20:11,559
between what one kind of patron needs
2666
02:20:11,560 --> 02:20:13,183
and what another kind of patron needs.
2667
02:20:13,184 --> 02:20:16,851
And so lines have to be drawn about, you know,
2668
02:20:16,852 --> 02:20:19,892
how do we accommodate people together
2669
02:20:19,893 --> 02:20:21,767
who may not always want to be together
2670
02:20:21,768 --> 02:20:23,725
and be respectful of everyone.
2671
02:20:23,726 --> 02:20:24,851
And then there was the question
2672
02:20:24,852 --> 02:20:28,434
of what is the appropriate role of the library,
2673
02:20:28,435 --> 02:20:32,183
not just as welcoming space for everyone,
2674
02:20:32,184 --> 02:20:35,308
but, you know, where should we be intervening
2675
02:20:35,309 --> 02:20:38,809
in social policy around the homeless... Right.
2676
02:20:38,810 --> 02:20:42,475
As versus where should we be relying on the city,
2677
02:20:42,476 --> 02:20:43,268
other private agencies
2678
02:20:43,269 --> 02:20:45,892
that are expert and engaged in this
2679
02:20:45,893 --> 02:20:48,392
as we all face this problem.
2680
02:20:48,393 --> 02:20:51,642
We have a policy that talks about
2681
02:20:51,643 --> 02:20:54,975
how users have to comport themselves in the library.
2682
02:20:54,976 --> 02:20:57,932
And so it would embrace most of this conduct,
2683
02:20:57,933 --> 02:20:59,267
and we may have to revisit that.
2684
02:20:59,268 --> 02:21:02,932
I don't know if we want to give more flexibility or less.
2685
02:21:02,933 --> 02:21:04,642
So if you don't do certain things,
2686
02:21:04,643 --> 02:21:06,559
like if you come in and sleep,
2687
02:21:06,560 --> 02:21:08,767
you could literally be asked to leave.
2688
02:21:08,768 --> 02:21:12,350
You aren't allowed to just come into the library and sleep.
2689
02:21:12,351 --> 02:21:13,017
So the barring policy,
2690
02:21:13,018 --> 02:21:15,932
which can lead to your being barred from the library
2691
02:21:15,933 --> 02:21:17,058
for periods of time.
2692
02:21:17,059 --> 02:21:19,517
So that is also part
2693
02:21:19,518 --> 02:21:20,767
of this discussion.
2694
02:21:20,768 --> 02:21:23,100
I am not an expert at this topic,
2695
02:21:23,101 --> 02:21:24,434
but I've been a New Yorker my whole life,
2696
02:21:24,435 --> 02:21:26,767
and one of the things that you notice is, you know,
2697
02:21:26,768 --> 02:21:30,600
the way in which we who are not homeless
2698
02:21:30,601 --> 02:21:32,600
keep our distance from the homeless.
2699
02:21:32,601 --> 02:21:33,932
And in the libraries is a place
2700
02:21:33,933 --> 02:21:35,809
where we don't keep our distance.
2701
02:21:35,810 --> 02:21:39,392
And I do believe that as much as we need rules,
2702
02:21:39,393 --> 02:21:41,932
and as much as we need institutions,
2703
02:21:41,933 --> 02:21:45,975
in the end we need a change of culture in this town
2704
02:21:45,976 --> 02:21:47,809
that says, you know,
2705
02:21:47,810 --> 02:21:49,308
"There may be people who are scary,
2706
02:21:49,309 --> 02:21:52,932
"but there're all other people who we should just be helping,
2707
02:21:52,933 --> 02:21:55,392
right, as regulars in our neighborhood."
2708
02:21:55,393 --> 02:21:57,559
But you... And I don't know how to do that, right?
2709
02:21:57,560 --> 02:21:59,851
You know, the mayor's made this commitment
2710
02:21:59,852 --> 02:22:03,267
that he's going to deal with the homelessness issue,
2711
02:22:03,268 --> 02:22:05,725
and he's put $100 million toward that goal.
2712
02:22:05,726 --> 02:22:06,809
Right, yeah, no, I know.
2713
02:22:06,810 --> 02:22:10,100
I think that they're developing a plan to be able to do it.
2714
02:22:19,560 --> 02:22:22,725
And we house in this room three collections.
2715
02:22:22,726 --> 02:22:25,932
The Print Collection, the Photo Collection,
2716
02:22:25,933 --> 02:22:27,392
and the Spencer Collection.
2717
02:22:27,393 --> 02:22:28,017
The Print Collection,
2718
02:22:28,018 --> 02:22:31,933
we have around 300,000 to 250,000 prints.
2719
02:22:31,934 --> 02:22:33,434
And in our Photographic Collection,
2720
02:22:33,435 --> 02:22:35,183
we have a half a million photographs.
2721
02:22:35,184 --> 02:22:37,725
And this present collection that is
2722
02:22:37,726 --> 02:22:39,932
about illustrated books, European manuscripts,
2723
02:22:39,933 --> 02:22:40,643
we have around 15,000.
2724
02:22:40,644 --> 02:22:45,932
We have prints from around the world.
2725
02:22:45,933 --> 02:22:48,350
But here, we have almost, the...
2726
02:22:48,351 --> 02:22:50,892
I can say the history of the European printmaking.
2727
02:22:50,893 --> 02:22:56,142
Everything is started with printmaking around the 1400s.
2728
02:22:56,143 --> 02:22:59,350
There are some samples, early samples from the 1300s,
2729
02:22:59,351 --> 02:23:01,809
but, um, what I decided to do
2730
02:23:01,810 --> 02:23:03,434
is to show you some of the highlights.
2731
02:23:03,435 --> 02:23:06,809
The first print is Albert Dürer,
2732
02:23:06,810 --> 02:23:07,975
and it's called The Rhinoceros.
2733
02:23:07,976 --> 02:23:10,392
Dürer used to sell these outside
2734
02:23:10,393 --> 02:23:13,559
of the Sundays church with his wife.
2735
02:23:13,560 --> 02:23:16,183
This is a kind of newspaper
2736
02:23:16,184 --> 02:23:17,392
from the time, 1515.
2737
02:23:17,393 --> 02:23:23,517
It's telling a story about the king of Portugal
2738
02:23:23,518 --> 02:23:26,932
receiving a rhinoceros.
2739
02:23:26,933 --> 02:23:28,932
In 1515, a rhinoceros,
2740
02:23:28,933 --> 02:23:32,684
the Europeans at that point haven't see a rhinoceros.
2741
02:23:32,685 --> 02:23:35,434
Last time they saw was in the Roman Empire.
2742
02:23:35,435 --> 02:23:40,600
And that rhinoceros arrived to, uh, to Lisbon,
2743
02:23:40,601 --> 02:23:46,058
and after that the King Manuel decided to send this rhinoceros
2744
02:23:46,059 --> 02:23:47,642
to the pope.
2745
02:23:47,643 --> 02:23:48,767
Real thing.
2746
02:23:48,768 --> 02:23:54,809
But when the rhinoceros was going to Rome,
2747
02:23:54,810 --> 02:23:55,851
the ship never arrived.
2748
02:23:55,852 --> 02:23:58,932
There was a very strong storm in the Mediterranean,
2749
02:23:58,933 --> 02:24:01,642
and the rhinoceros die, and there was a wreck.
2750
02:24:01,643 --> 02:24:03,932
Somebody took a note, a sketch.
2751
02:24:03,933 --> 02:24:05,100
Dürer was in Nuremberg,
2752
02:24:05,101 --> 02:24:06,892
and he saw this sketch,
2753
02:24:06,893 --> 02:24:09,684
and he say, "Oh, that's good idea."
2754
02:24:09,685 --> 02:24:10,725
The caption here
2755
02:24:10,726 --> 02:24:13,809
is telling the story of what's happened.
2756
02:24:13,810 --> 02:24:15,058
People were buying these things,
2757
02:24:15,059 --> 02:24:17,434
and what's almost like a today's newspaper.
2758
02:24:17,435 --> 02:24:18,725
They were telling each other.
2759
02:24:18,726 --> 02:24:20,932
Not everybody was able to read.
2760
02:24:20,933 --> 02:24:22,517
Dürer never saw the rhinoceros
2761
02:24:22,518 --> 02:24:23,767
apparently,
2762
02:24:23,768 --> 02:24:27,932
and that kind of plates, that's not really a rhinoceros,
2763
02:24:27,933 --> 02:24:28,726
it looks like,
2764
02:24:28,727 --> 02:24:30,392
but that was one of the popular prints
2765
02:24:30,393 --> 02:24:31,475
about the story of the rhinoceros.
2766
02:24:31,476 --> 02:24:36,932
The next one I'll show you, you know, it's a Rembrandt.
2767
02:24:36,933 --> 02:24:40,932
It's after his wife died, Saskia.
2768
02:24:40,933 --> 02:24:41,726
Before that time,
2769
02:24:41,727 --> 02:24:44,892
he did around 80 self-portraits,
2770
02:24:44,893 --> 02:24:46,809
together with painting and prints.
2771
02:24:46,810 --> 02:24:48,058
This one is after his...
2772
02:24:48,059 --> 02:24:52,809
and you see the print before, he's very joyful, you know,
2773
02:24:52,810 --> 02:24:56,350
wearing fancy clothing,
2774
02:24:56,351 --> 02:25:00,392
but here he's sitting on the window,
2775
02:25:00,393 --> 02:25:05,517
and you see an introspective artist.
2776
02:25:06,394 --> 02:25:10,932
Some people think that this print
2777
02:25:10,933 --> 02:25:12,267
was one of the steps for,
2778
02:25:12,268 --> 02:25:14,933
some historians tell the one of the steps
2779
02:25:14,934 --> 02:25:18,142
for a new style in Rembrandt's career.
2780
02:25:18,143 --> 02:25:21,476
Come on, big smiles.
2781
02:25:26,852 --> 02:25:30,225
61% of the library's expense funding
2782
02:25:30,226 --> 02:25:31,642
comes from public sources,
2783
02:25:31,643 --> 02:25:33,517
the majority of that from the city.
2784
02:25:33,518 --> 02:25:36,100
It's obvious, we want to engage our elected officials,
2785
02:25:36,101 --> 02:25:37,851
we want to engage our community,
2786
02:25:37,852 --> 02:25:39,475
because we want them to fund us.
2787
02:25:39,476 --> 02:25:41,932
And it brings us financial sustainability.
2788
02:25:41,933 --> 02:25:44,183
My good friend, Councilmember Andy King,
2789
02:25:44,184 --> 02:25:45,809
in the Bronx, he likes to say,
2790
02:25:45,810 --> 02:25:49,016
"People pay attention to people who participate."
2791
02:25:49,017 --> 02:25:51,932
Now, think about that.
2792
02:25:51,933 --> 02:25:52,768
Community boards,
2793
02:25:52,769 --> 02:25:55,559
we're going to community boards, telling our story.
2794
02:25:55,560 --> 02:25:57,642
PB, we're going to PB meetings,
2795
02:25:57,643 --> 02:25:59,932
telling our story, pitching projects.
2796
02:25:59,933 --> 02:26:01,100
If we're not participating,
2797
02:26:01,101 --> 02:26:03,475
people are not going to pay attention to us.
2798
02:26:03,476 --> 02:26:05,892
So civic engagement is important.
2799
02:26:05,893 --> 02:26:08,559
Building deeper relationships, what do we do?
2800
02:26:08,560 --> 02:26:10,183
We're out there trying to improve the lives
2801
02:26:10,184 --> 02:26:13,183
of the people and the communities that we serve.
2802
02:26:13,184 --> 02:26:14,932
We're trying to improve their lives.
2803
02:26:14,933 --> 02:26:17,267
Now, how could we not engage with them?
2804
02:26:17,268 --> 02:26:19,600
How could we not try to build deeper relationships,
2805
02:26:19,601 --> 02:26:21,932
whether it's with an individual in the branch
2806
02:26:21,933 --> 02:26:23,932
or with a community-based organization?
2807
02:26:23,933 --> 02:26:26,933
This is a relationship that we have with our community,
2808
02:26:26,934 --> 02:26:30,183
and we need to build those relationships
2809
02:26:30,184 --> 02:26:31,392
as deeply as we can.
2810
02:26:31,393 --> 02:26:33,725
To me, the biggest practical thing
2811
02:26:33,726 --> 02:26:37,600
to help us about understanding community engagement
2812
02:26:37,601 --> 02:26:39,350
and really helping you guys understand
2813
02:26:39,351 --> 02:26:43,058
is to do away with that feeling of, like,
2814
02:26:43,059 --> 02:26:44,932
"Oh my gosh, another thing.
2815
02:26:44,933 --> 02:26:46,932
Oh my gosh, another thing."
2816
02:26:46,933 --> 02:26:47,810
It's all connected.
2817
02:26:47,811 --> 02:26:51,142
Summer reading is community engagement and advocacy.
2818
02:26:51,143 --> 02:26:54,892
Any program you do is community engagement and advocacy.
2819
02:26:54,893 --> 02:26:57,350
Anytime you bring in an author or an elected.
2820
02:26:57,351 --> 02:26:59,851
Every time you go to a community board,
2821
02:26:59,852 --> 02:27:01,183
a participatory budgeting meeting,
2822
02:27:01,184 --> 02:27:04,933
literally everything we do, because it's for the community
2823
02:27:04,934 --> 02:27:05,768
is community engagement,
2824
02:27:05,769 --> 02:27:08,932
and we really have to maximize those opportunities.
2825
02:27:08,933 --> 02:27:10,267
So what we're hoping is that
2826
02:27:10,268 --> 02:27:12,975
the more we help you understand the big picture
2827
02:27:12,976 --> 02:27:13,933
and connect those dots,
2828
02:27:13,934 --> 02:27:16,684
it's hard to connect the dots here in NYPL right?
2829
02:27:16,685 --> 02:27:18,517
Because you're split up by branch.
2830
02:27:18,518 --> 02:27:19,600
You're split up by network.
2831
02:27:19,601 --> 02:27:20,560
You're split up by borough.
2832
02:27:20,561 --> 02:27:21,933
You're split up by department.
2833
02:27:21,934 --> 02:27:23,142
Some of us are out in the Bronx.
2834
02:27:23,143 --> 02:27:24,975
Some of us are at 39th Street.
2835
02:27:24,976 --> 02:27:26,932
Some of us are never in our offices.
2836
02:27:26,933 --> 02:27:29,183
Some of us are always in our offices,
2837
02:27:29,184 --> 02:27:31,767
but we're all doing the same work
2838
02:27:31,768 --> 02:27:32,726
and so that feeling of,
2839
02:27:32,727 --> 02:27:33,933
"Oh, crap, letter writing is starting,
2840
02:27:33,934 --> 02:27:36,932
"but my summer reading kickoff is starting
2841
02:27:36,933 --> 02:27:39,434
and I have someone out on AL."
2842
02:27:39,435 --> 02:27:41,892
Like, that's the reality of your job, right?
2843
02:27:41,893 --> 02:27:44,725
But the more that we understand the budget cycle,
2844
02:27:44,726 --> 02:27:45,892
the community engagement cycle,
2845
02:27:45,893 --> 02:27:48,809
and the more we understand that it's year-round,
2846
02:27:48,810 --> 02:27:51,642
the better off we are, and the easier the lift feels.
2847
02:27:51,643 --> 02:27:53,517
We did it, we got all this money,
2848
02:27:53,518 --> 02:27:55,932
and now we're having to do the work to support it,
2849
02:27:55,933 --> 02:27:57,932
but it's gonna start again.
2850
02:27:57,933 --> 02:27:58,933
You know?
2851
02:27:58,934 --> 02:28:00,058
What does Iris always tell us?
2852
02:28:00,059 --> 02:28:01,100
"The budget wasn't baselined,"
2853
02:28:01,101 --> 02:28:02,809
and then we all start to pull out our hair
2854
02:28:02,810 --> 02:28:04,767
and grumble about the page budget,
2855
02:28:04,768 --> 02:28:05,892
and so that's just our work.
2856
02:28:05,893 --> 02:28:07,809
We always have to prove that we're relevant.
2857
02:28:07,810 --> 02:28:10,100
We always have to go back to the drawing board
2858
02:28:10,101 --> 02:28:12,517
and prove that we're relevant every single day,
2859
02:28:12,518 --> 02:28:15,350
every single season, but we are winners.
2860
02:28:15,351 --> 02:28:16,101
All we do is win.
2861
02:28:16,102 --> 02:28:18,434
All those other agencies want to learn from us,
2862
02:28:18,435 --> 02:28:20,016
because we did it, right?
2863
02:28:20,017 --> 02:28:20,933
We're taking the lead.
2864
02:28:20,934 --> 02:28:23,183
We're working with our sister systems
2865
02:28:23,184 --> 02:28:24,932
in Brooklyn and Queens,
2866
02:28:24,933 --> 02:28:27,142
but we're taking the lead, you guys.
2867
02:28:27,143 --> 02:28:28,975
And that is all you.
2868
02:28:45,184 --> 02:28:47,183
Susan, there was a little pop
2869
02:28:47,184 --> 02:28:48,225
of this light.
2870
02:28:48,226 --> 02:28:50,142
It's very subtle, early on.
2871
02:28:50,143 --> 02:28:50,934
I heard it back.
2872
02:28:50,935 --> 02:28:52,225
I think I can get it,
2873
02:28:52,226 --> 02:28:54,392
I can get it in post, yeah.
2874
02:28:54,393 --> 02:28:56,225
It was pretty faint.
2875
02:28:56,226 --> 02:28:58,101
All right, stand by.
2876
02:28:58,893 --> 02:29:01,142
"Presently he came back with the telephone directory,
2877
02:29:01,143 --> 02:29:04,767
"holding it like a bible, smiling tenderly.
2878
02:29:04,768 --> 02:29:08,600
"And while he was gazing at her long drooping lashes,
2879
02:29:08,601 --> 02:29:09,601
"Margot sped through the R's
2880
02:29:09,602 --> 02:29:13,517
"and found Albinus's address and his telephone number.
2881
02:29:13,518 --> 02:29:17,851
"Then she quietly closed the well-thumbed blue volume.
2882
02:29:17,852 --> 02:29:22,392
"'Take off your coat, ' murmured Albinus.
2883
02:29:22,393 --> 02:29:23,725
"Without bothering to stand up,
2884
02:29:23,726 --> 02:29:25,642
"she began to wriggle out of the sleeves,
2885
02:29:25,643 --> 02:29:28,100
"inclining her pretty neck and thrusting forward
2886
02:29:28,101 --> 02:29:31,267
"first the right and then the left shoulder.
2887
02:29:31,268 --> 02:29:35,517
"As Albinus helped her, he caught a hot whiff of violets
2888
02:29:35,518 --> 02:29:37,809
"and saw her shoulder blades move,
2889
02:29:37,810 --> 02:29:39,767
"and the sallow skin between them
2890
02:29:39,768 --> 02:29:42,851
"ripple and smooth out again.
2891
02:29:42,852 --> 02:29:44,350
"Then she took off her hat,
2892
02:29:44,351 --> 02:29:46,684
"peered into her pocket mirror
2893
02:29:46,685 --> 02:29:47,932
"and, wetting her forefinger,
2894
02:29:47,933 --> 02:29:49,933
tapped the black love locks on her temples."
2895
02:29:49,934 --> 02:29:52,809
Uh, let's take that pocket mirror.
2896
02:29:52,810 --> 02:29:54,975
Mm-h mm.
2897
02:29:54,976 --> 02:29:56,725
"Then she took off her hat,
2898
02:29:56,726 --> 02:29:58,684
"peered into her pocket mirror,
2899
02:29:58,685 --> 02:29:59,975
"and, wetting her forefinger,
2900
02:29:59,976 --> 02:30:02,809
"tapped the black love locks on her temples.
2901
02:30:02,810 --> 02:30:04,559
"Albinus sat down beside her
2902
02:30:04,560 --> 02:30:06,434
"and looked and looked at that face
2903
02:30:06,435 --> 02:30:09,517
"in which everything was so charming...
2904
02:30:09,518 --> 02:30:10,559
"the burning cheeks,
2905
02:30:10,560 --> 02:30:13,350
"the lips glistening from the cherry brandy,
2906
02:30:13,351 --> 02:30:17,392
"the childish solemnity, the long hazel eyes,
2907
02:30:17,393 --> 02:30:18,559
"and the small, downy mole
2908
02:30:18,560 --> 02:30:22,767
"on the soft curve just beneath the left one.
2909
02:30:22,768 --> 02:30:26,183
"'If I knew, I should hang for it, ' he thought,
2910
02:30:26,184 --> 02:30:29,642
"'I would still look at her.'
2911
02:30:29,643 --> 02:30:32,809
"Even that vulgar Berlin slang of hers
2912
02:30:32,810 --> 02:30:34,932
"only enhanced the charm of her throaty voice
2913
02:30:34,933 --> 02:30:37,932
"and large white teeth.
2914
02:30:37,933 --> 02:30:39,932
"When laughing, she half closed her eyes,
2915
02:30:39,933 --> 02:30:42,350
"and a dimple danced on her cheek.
2916
02:30:42,351 --> 02:30:47,350
"He pawed at her little hand, but she withdrew it briskly.
2917
02:30:47,351 --> 02:30:51,100
"'You're driving me crazy, ' he said.
2918
02:30:51,101 --> 02:30:53,475
"Margot patted his cuff and said,
2919
02:30:53,476 --> 02:30:56,600
"'Now be a good boy.'
2920
02:30:56,601 --> 02:30:58,559
"His first thought next morning was:
2921
02:30:58,560 --> 02:31:02,559
"it can't go on like this, it just can't.
2922
02:31:02,560 --> 02:31:04,975
"I must get her a room.
2923
02:31:04,976 --> 02:31:06,517
"Curse that aunt.
2924
02:31:06,518 --> 02:31:09,392
"We shall be alone, quite alone.
2925
02:31:09,393 --> 02:31:12,475
"A textbook of love for beginners.
2926
02:31:12,476 --> 02:31:14,932
"Oh, the things I shall teach her.
2927
02:31:14,933 --> 02:31:19,267
"So young, so pure, so maddening.
2928
02:31:19,268 --> 02:31:21,725
"'Are you asleep?'
2929
02:31:21,726 --> 02:31:23,600
"Asked Elisabeth softly.
2930
02:31:23,601 --> 02:31:27,350
"He achieved the perfect yawn and opened his eyes.
2931
02:31:27,351 --> 02:31:30,725
Elisabeth was seated in a pale blue nightgown."
2932
02:32:19,810 --> 02:32:22,932
One, two, three, four, okay.
2933
02:32:22,933 --> 02:32:25,183
And these you're going to return also?
2934
02:32:25,184 --> 02:32:27,643
Return these. Okay.
2935
02:32:30,976 --> 02:32:32,600
Hello.
2936
02:32:34,184 --> 02:32:35,308
25 cents.
2937
02:32:38,476 --> 02:32:40,892
Hello.
2938
02:33:24,601 --> 02:33:26,767
Harney thinks that
2939
02:33:26,768 --> 02:33:29,142
if in America the conflict between capital and labor
2940
02:33:29,143 --> 02:33:31,975
is not resolved through a social revolution,
2941
02:33:31,976 --> 02:33:36,058
that what you will end up with in the United States
2942
02:33:36,059 --> 02:33:38,642
is essentially the same class-conflict-ridden
2943
02:33:38,643 --> 02:33:40,308
European situation,
2944
02:33:40,309 --> 02:33:42,932
and, like, we've seen,
2945
02:33:42,933 --> 02:33:46,058
the Americans still think by the 1840s
2946
02:33:46,059 --> 02:33:47,932
that there is such a possibility
2947
02:33:47,933 --> 02:33:50,851
as an alternative future for American capitalism.
2948
02:33:50,852 --> 02:33:54,100
That capital and labor don't have to be at odds.
2949
02:33:54,101 --> 02:33:55,932
That the variable of land
2950
02:33:55,933 --> 02:33:58,975
shows this third way out of this conflict,
2951
02:33:58,976 --> 02:34:02,016
and yet, here is Harney saying, "No, listen."
2952
02:34:02,017 --> 02:34:03,767
"Already this is a problem
2953
02:34:03,768 --> 02:34:05,225
in the United States."
2954
02:34:05,226 --> 02:34:06,932
That famous quote that Marx has is
2955
02:34:06,933 --> 02:34:08,932
that labor cannot be free
2956
02:34:08,933 --> 02:34:11,475
where it's branded in black skin.
2957
02:34:11,476 --> 02:34:14,892
This is specifically in the United States.
2958
02:34:14,893 --> 02:34:18,600
The key here is that Marx is saying,
2959
02:34:18,601 --> 02:34:22,932
if capitalists have the availability
2960
02:34:22,933 --> 02:34:26,932
of both slave labor and free labor,
2961
02:34:26,933 --> 02:34:29,142
free labor can always be undermined,
2962
02:34:29,143 --> 02:34:30,308
and, in fact, it was.
2963
02:34:30,309 --> 02:34:32,932
Because Northerners already were catching up
2964
02:34:32,933 --> 02:34:34,559
to the fact that, you know,
2965
02:34:34,560 --> 02:34:38,932
"There's some black unskilled laborers here in the North,
2966
02:34:38,933 --> 02:34:40,932
"and whenever these workers
2967
02:34:40,933 --> 02:34:42,851
"start striking or demanding things,
2968
02:34:42,851 --> 02:34:47,559
we can just introduce these unskilled people."
2969
02:34:47,560 --> 02:34:50,183
It's just the same principle.
2970
02:34:50,184 --> 02:34:51,600
So Marx is writing, saying,
2971
02:34:51,601 --> 02:34:53,932
look, this is a problem that must be rid of
2972
02:34:53,933 --> 02:34:56,308
if you even want to have a development
2973
02:34:56,309 --> 02:35:00,851
of the political workingman politics in America.
2974
02:35:00,851 --> 02:35:03,725
But, secondly, and this is the deeper argument,
2975
02:35:03,726 --> 02:35:06,183
which I think is quite important today...
2976
02:35:06,184 --> 02:35:11,932
There is a very, very, virulent critique
2977
02:35:11,933 --> 02:35:15,851
of bourgeois society by Southern ideologues
2978
02:35:15,851 --> 02:35:19,308
that would have been getting quite a hearing in the 1840s.
2979
02:35:19,309 --> 02:35:22,642
We know because people like Eric Foner have written about
2980
02:35:22,643 --> 02:35:28,225
how Abraham Lincoln read this stuff pretty regularly
2981
02:35:28,226 --> 02:35:32,350
in the Richmond Inquirer and all of these other publications,
2982
02:35:32,351 --> 02:35:34,725
the Southern ideologues would write to.
2983
02:35:34,726 --> 02:35:37,517
George Fitzhugh, I think I mentioned him last time.
2984
02:35:37,518 --> 02:35:41,932
He's this well-known first American sociologist.
2985
02:35:41,933 --> 02:35:43,267
He's a Southern ideologue.
2986
02:35:43,268 --> 02:35:46,932
He believes that slave society
2987
02:35:46,933 --> 02:35:51,434
is better than a free laboring society.
2988
02:35:51,435 --> 02:35:53,142
Why? He's got an argument.
2989
02:35:53,143 --> 02:35:55,100
It's coherent, and there's a logic.
2990
02:35:55,101 --> 02:35:56,267
Here it is.
2991
02:35:56,268 --> 02:35:57,932
Throughout human history,
2992
02:35:57,933 --> 02:36:00,932
we've always had people who were unfree,
2993
02:36:00,933 --> 02:36:03,142
in order for some to have the liberty
2994
02:36:03,143 --> 02:36:08,350
to think and to act and to engage in politics.
2995
02:36:08,351 --> 02:36:11,767
Throughout time this has been the case.
2996
02:36:11,768 --> 02:36:12,892
Why all of a sudden
2997
02:36:12,893 --> 02:36:16,517
does bourgeois society promise something it cannot accomplish,
2998
02:36:16,518 --> 02:36:18,933
which is the idea that all can participate
2999
02:36:18,934 --> 02:36:20,517
in political activity?
3000
02:36:20,518 --> 02:36:24,142
This is the lie that modern society has.
3001
02:36:24,143 --> 02:36:25,183
That's the problem.
3002
02:36:25,184 --> 02:36:27,183
It's not that there's this class conflict,
3003
02:36:27,184 --> 02:36:30,308
and that you have these people who are demanding things... no.
3004
02:36:30,309 --> 02:36:32,058
You've already lied to them.
3005
02:36:32,059 --> 02:36:35,642
The problem is that what you want isn't possible.
3006
02:36:35,643 --> 02:36:42,101
The idea of a free society is a failure.
3007
02:36:43,893 --> 02:36:45,267
That's a quote.
3008
02:36:45,268 --> 02:36:52,809
He writes this book called Slaves Without Masters,
3009
02:36:52,810 --> 02:36:55,768
that essentially...
3010
02:36:56,726 --> 02:36:58,392
Slaves Without Masters is the idea
3011
02:36:58,393 --> 02:37:00,767
of the Northern workingmen for Fitzhugh.
3012
02:37:00,768 --> 02:37:04,559
He says, "Look what happens when slaves have no masters.
3013
02:37:04,560 --> 02:37:06,809
"No one takes care of them.
3014
02:37:06,810 --> 02:37:08,100
"No one feeds them.
3015
02:37:08,101 --> 02:37:10,308
"No one clothes them.
3016
02:37:10,309 --> 02:37:14,932
"We in Southern society have figured out the remedy
3017
02:37:14,933 --> 02:37:17,725
to the conflict of capital and labor."
3018
02:37:17,726 --> 02:37:19,517
And, again, it's articulated in this way.
3019
02:37:19,518 --> 02:37:22,058
John C. Calhoun, also a Southern ideologue,
3020
02:37:22,059 --> 02:37:23,809
same way of thinking about it.
3021
02:37:23,810 --> 02:37:26,725
The problem of capital and labor in America
3022
02:37:26,726 --> 02:37:30,016
is mitigated not by land, they say,
3023
02:37:30,017 --> 02:37:31,725
but by slavery.
3024
02:37:31,726 --> 02:37:35,932
Richard Hofstadter, one of the famous American historians,
3025
02:37:35,933 --> 02:37:38,350
writes a short essay in his very famous book,
3026
02:37:38,351 --> 02:37:40,684
The American Political Tradition,
3027
02:37:40,685 --> 02:37:41,932
that compares Fitzhugh.
3028
02:37:41,933 --> 02:37:47,475
He puts "Fitzhugh, the marks of the planter class."
3029
02:37:47,476 --> 02:37:51,475
And what he means by that is that you have here
3030
02:37:51,476 --> 02:37:55,684
a critique of modern bourgeois society.
3031
02:37:55,685 --> 02:37:56,932
You have a critique of labor.
3032
02:37:56,933 --> 02:38:02,392
You have a critique of this supposedly free society,
3033
02:38:02,393 --> 02:38:04,642
but you have a critique from the right.
3034
02:38:04,643 --> 02:38:08,517
One, that as Marx says, "The working people knew,"
3035
02:38:08,518 --> 02:38:10,932
this is in his address, and I'm just going to quote it,
3036
02:38:10,933 --> 02:38:11,975
because I know it off the top of my head.
3037
02:38:11,976 --> 02:38:15,932
This is in the address that Marx writes to Lincoln.
3038
02:38:15,933 --> 02:38:16,685
This is the...
3039
02:38:16,686 --> 02:38:19,642
on behalf of the International Workingmen's Association,
3040
02:38:19,643 --> 02:38:21,517
Marx writes a letter to Lincoln.
3041
02:38:21,518 --> 02:38:24,058
And he says, "The workingmen knew,
3042
02:38:24,059 --> 02:38:28,350
"the workingmen knew that when slavery was proposed
3043
02:38:28,351 --> 02:38:32,058
"as the solution to capital and labor,
3044
02:38:32,059 --> 02:38:37,809
"they knew that all of their hard-earned historical gains
3045
02:38:37,810 --> 02:38:40,267
were in jeopardy."
3046
02:38:40,268 --> 02:38:43,975
So, why Marx was supportive of the Republicans,
3047
02:38:43,976 --> 02:38:46,267
because Marx knew
3048
02:38:46,268 --> 02:38:52,892
that the attack of bourgeois society from the right
3049
02:38:52,893 --> 02:38:55,932
was also an attack on any possibility
3050
02:38:55,933 --> 02:38:58,016
of a workers' revolution.
3051
02:38:58,017 --> 02:39:02,225
Because the workers' revolution, insofar as Marx was concerned,
3052
02:39:02,226 --> 02:39:07,350
was a legacy from the revolutions of 1848.
3053
02:39:07,351 --> 02:39:08,143
It was a task.
3054
02:39:08,144 --> 02:39:10,725
It was something that was received.
3055
02:39:10,726 --> 02:39:12,267
So in this sense, what we have
3056
02:39:12,268 --> 02:39:14,932
is many different responses, essentially,
3057
02:39:14,933 --> 02:39:16,932
to the crisis of the 19th century, right?
3058
02:39:16,933 --> 02:39:17,933
If one end is Karl Marx
3059
02:39:17,934 --> 02:39:20,851
and the other end is Fitzhugh,
3060
02:39:20,851 --> 02:39:23,350
in the middle, and closer to Marx, certainly,
3061
02:39:23,351 --> 02:39:24,392
than Fitzhugh
3062
02:39:24,393 --> 02:39:25,851
is Lincoln.
3063
02:39:25,851 --> 02:39:26,932
Lincoln says,
3064
02:39:26,933 --> 02:39:31,601
"The free society is not and will not be a failure."
3065
02:39:33,101 --> 02:39:36,559
That Lincoln and Marx agree on.
3066
02:39:36,560 --> 02:39:41,892
The definition of that free society, they disagree on.
3067
02:39:41,893 --> 02:39:43,559
Those two groups of people,
3068
02:39:43,560 --> 02:39:48,183
the liberals and the more radical, socialist types,
3069
02:39:48,184 --> 02:39:52,932
have so much more in common than slave planters
3070
02:39:52,933 --> 02:39:57,559
who are arguing that bourgeois society is a lie.
3071
02:40:07,309 --> 02:40:11,350
It's been good for him.
3072
02:40:11,351 --> 02:40:14,267
I mean, I don't get the...
3073
02:40:48,851 --> 02:40:51,932
Let's hear it, New York!
3074
02:41:36,393 --> 02:41:38,932
Genet took these very marginalized people,
3075
02:41:38,933 --> 02:41:45,350
and pimps and thieves and murderers
3076
02:41:45,351 --> 02:41:46,809
and elevated them
3077
02:41:46,810 --> 02:41:48,975
within his pantheon as saints.
3078
02:41:48,976 --> 02:41:54,016
The Thief's Journal is my favorite book of Genet,
3079
02:41:54,017 --> 02:41:56,100
but why I love The Thief's Journal
3080
02:41:56,101 --> 02:41:59,308
isn't necessarily because of those things.
3081
02:41:59,309 --> 02:42:00,017
Yeah.
3082
02:42:00,018 --> 02:42:05,932
I love it because he takes,
3083
02:42:05,933 --> 02:42:08,434
he writes my kind of memoir.
3084
02:42:08,435 --> 02:42:12,684
It's a memoir, yet it's completely true
3085
02:42:12,685 --> 02:42:15,932
and simultaneously completely false.
3086
02:42:15,933 --> 02:42:19,809
Because that's the kind of guy Genet was.
3087
02:42:19,810 --> 02:42:20,933
But when I say false,
3088
02:42:20,934 --> 02:42:27,100
I mean, that's the part that he transforms truth into art.
3089
02:42:27,101 --> 02:42:28,600
He elevates it as poetry.
3090
02:42:28,601 --> 02:42:32,142
And in this way it's close to what Anselm Kiefer says.
3091
02:42:32,143 --> 02:42:35,642
Yes, and I think that, you know,
3092
02:42:35,643 --> 02:42:37,684
I don't even like reading memoirs.
3093
02:42:37,685 --> 02:42:39,725
People say, "What's your favorite memoirist?
3094
02:42:39,726 --> 02:42:41,809
Whose memoirs do you like?"
3095
02:42:41,810 --> 02:42:43,684
I hardly ever read them.
3096
02:42:43,685 --> 02:42:45,308
I like fiction, really.
3097
02:42:45,309 --> 02:42:48,933
Really strange that I should be writing nonfiction,
3098
02:42:48,934 --> 02:42:50,684
but it just happened.
3099
02:42:50,685 --> 02:42:53,892
But, um... but that's the kind of,
3100
02:42:53,893 --> 02:42:57,392
I was thinking of it and writing this.
3101
02:42:57,393 --> 02:43:00,517
I didn't want to just sit and write an autobiography.
3102
02:43:00,518 --> 02:43:03,684
I wanted to, you know... And you don't.
3103
02:43:03,685 --> 02:43:05,559
Just write about real time,
3104
02:43:05,560 --> 02:43:08,475
which I am living, and the things that are,
3105
02:43:08,476 --> 02:43:10,475
they're the truth of my real time.
3106
02:43:10,476 --> 02:43:12,932
But what is the truth of our real time?
3107
02:43:12,933 --> 02:43:14,434
It contains dreams.
3108
02:43:14,435 --> 02:43:17,767
It contains, you know, spinning off.
3109
02:43:17,768 --> 02:43:21,932
It contains, uh, uh, misinterpretation.
3110
02:43:21,933 --> 02:43:23,642
It contains memory.
3111
02:43:23,643 --> 02:43:29,517
So I was very interested in finding a way
3112
02:43:29,518 --> 02:43:35,393
to braid all of these things together.
3113
02:44:05,933 --> 02:44:08,932
I'm Gerry Oliva, Director of Facilities.
3114
02:44:08,933 --> 02:44:11,308
In the spirit of getting things done,
3115
02:44:11,309 --> 02:44:14,183
Iris actually has been generous the last two years,
3116
02:44:14,184 --> 02:44:17,058
to set up a fund called Fix It Now,
3117
02:44:17,059 --> 02:44:21,932
which sets aside a pot of money for us to take care of items
3118
02:44:21,933 --> 02:44:24,100
that are non-capitally eligible.
3119
02:44:24,101 --> 02:44:26,517
So these can range anything from, you know,
3120
02:44:26,518 --> 02:44:28,517
doing a paint job, replacing doors,
3121
02:44:28,518 --> 02:44:30,725
whatever we need to do in the branches
3122
02:44:30,726 --> 02:44:32,932
to keep things functional so that they look good.
3123
02:44:32,933 --> 02:44:36,932
In FY15, we actually completed 25 projects
3124
02:44:36,933 --> 02:44:38,058
totaling almost a million dollars.
3125
02:44:38,059 --> 02:44:41,308
In fiscal year '16, working with Sites and Services,
3126
02:44:41,309 --> 02:44:46,932
we've identified over 260 projects that need to be done.
3127
02:44:46,933 --> 02:44:47,975
70 of those
3128
02:44:47,976 --> 02:44:50,308
are priority one projects.
3129
02:44:50,309 --> 02:44:52,892
We completed seven projects to date
3130
02:44:52,893 --> 02:44:55,308
and spent a little bit over $249,000.
3131
02:44:55,309 --> 02:44:58,183
The projects currently are,
3132
02:44:58,184 --> 02:45:00,434
at Inwood, we did new flooring;
3133
02:45:00,435 --> 02:45:02,851
Cathedral, we did a complete refresh;
3134
02:45:02,851 --> 02:45:03,476
Battery Park City,
3135
02:45:03,476 --> 02:45:06,767
we did a glass-enclosed multipurpose room;
3136
02:45:06,768 --> 02:45:08,434
Hamilton Grange, a new boiler;
3137
02:45:08,435 --> 02:45:10,932
Pelham Bay, new flooring and paint;
3138
02:45:10,933 --> 02:45:12,932
St. George, new computer table;
3139
02:45:12,933 --> 02:45:16,767
and we have 11 additional projects in place.
3140
02:45:16,768 --> 02:45:19,975
We'll continue to work with Sites and Services
3141
02:45:19,976 --> 02:45:23,225
to re prioritize projects as necessary
3142
02:45:23,226 --> 02:45:25,100
and to add projects to the list.
3143
02:45:25,101 --> 02:45:26,267
And as long as
3144
02:45:26,268 --> 02:45:27,143
we have the funding,
3145
02:45:27,144 --> 02:45:28,933
we'll spend it and get it done.
3146
02:45:36,933 --> 02:45:39,267
How can we help circulation?
3147
02:45:39,268 --> 02:45:40,932
Where can we add to it?
3148
02:45:40,933 --> 02:45:42,892
Where would we find an enhancement?
3149
02:45:42,893 --> 02:45:45,767
Um, and Melissa rightfully pointed out
3150
02:45:45,768 --> 02:45:47,932
that in the e book category,
3151
02:45:47,933 --> 02:45:51,767
the waits are enormous to get our e books,
3152
02:45:51,768 --> 02:45:53,975
particularly the popular novels.
3153
02:45:53,976 --> 02:45:54,933
Um, and so...
3154
02:45:54,934 --> 02:45:57,058
More so than in-print books?
3155
02:45:57,059 --> 02:45:58,642
More, yes, yes.
3156
02:45:58,643 --> 02:46:00,851
The backlog is, she said,
3157
02:46:00,851 --> 02:46:03,058
I think almost like four or five months to get.
3158
02:46:03,059 --> 02:46:04,434
Yes, it's terrible.
3159
02:46:04,435 --> 02:46:05,017
It's terrible.
3160
02:46:05,018 --> 02:46:07,851
If one of the ways you want to spend these funds,
3161
02:46:07,851 --> 02:46:08,932
which has to be in accord
3162
02:46:08,933 --> 02:46:10,932
both what we need to do... And...
3163
02:46:10,933 --> 02:46:14,100
and what the city wants us to do with the city's money,
3164
02:46:14,101 --> 02:46:16,932
um, I'd like to see the analysis
3165
02:46:16,933 --> 02:46:20,016
of e book borrowing, physical borrowing,
3166
02:46:20,017 --> 02:46:22,016
and whether more money in...
3167
02:46:22,017 --> 02:46:23,932
you know, what the bang for the buck is,
3168
02:46:23,933 --> 02:46:26,100
and more money into either of those.
3169
02:46:26,101 --> 02:46:27,851
Ebooks are growing
3170
02:46:27,851 --> 02:46:28,932
at about 300% of circulation,
3171
02:46:28,933 --> 02:46:31,350
and we know that cir c in our libraries,
3172
02:46:31,351 --> 02:46:34,932
physical cir c is not growing at 300%.
3173
02:46:34,933 --> 02:46:36,058
And that the waits,
3174
02:46:36,059 --> 02:46:38,517
the wait time because of the licensing terms
3175
02:46:38,518 --> 02:46:43,350
is much longer for e books than physical...
3176
02:46:43,351 --> 02:46:45,851
We... I mean, we can definitely show you the data,
3177
02:46:45,851 --> 02:46:48,809
but it's very concrete that that's the issue.
3178
02:46:48,810 --> 02:46:51,475
And because we're going out with Simply E
3179
02:46:51,476 --> 02:46:54,684
in, I think, early November now,
3180
02:46:54,685 --> 02:46:57,308
adding in more collections into e books
3181
02:46:57,309 --> 02:46:59,767
will drive numbers up hugely, we believe.
3182
02:46:59,768 --> 02:47:00,932
Well, we'll meet demand, usually,
3183
02:47:00,933 --> 02:47:01,975
because you can flick a switch.
3184
02:47:01,976 --> 02:47:07,267
And the analysis we did on educators and grade levels,
3185
02:47:07,268 --> 02:47:10,058
we actually believe that we can be very specific
3186
02:47:10,059 --> 02:47:10,933
about what we target
3187
02:47:10,934 --> 02:47:12,892
in terms of which e books we go after.
3188
02:47:12,893 --> 02:47:15,392
So we're not just going to buy, you know,
3189
02:47:15,393 --> 02:47:16,932
whatever is on the street.
3190
02:47:16,933 --> 02:47:20,058
We're actually, we're actually very carefully looking
3191
02:47:20,059 --> 02:47:21,142
at where we can make it...
3192
02:47:21,143 --> 02:47:23,642
So the big decision there, so I'm mindful of this,
3193
02:47:23,643 --> 02:47:26,350
because the conversations I've started to have...
3194
02:47:26,351 --> 02:47:29,058
Yes, this is huge. Licensing deals we made,
3195
02:47:29,059 --> 02:47:32,350
which were great and historic four years ago
3196
02:47:32,351 --> 02:47:33,932
favored the thick end of distribution, right?
3197
02:47:33,933 --> 02:47:36,725
So we got permission for the first time
3198
02:47:36,726 --> 02:47:39,684
to buy licenses for books,
3199
02:47:39,685 --> 02:47:41,725
but they have to be borrowed enough
3200
02:47:41,726 --> 02:47:44,475
to justify paying for a full license,
3201
02:47:44,476 --> 02:47:47,100
whether it's 52 lends, two years, perpetual,
3202
02:47:47,101 --> 02:47:50,058
whatever, different terms, different deals.
3203
02:47:50,059 --> 02:47:52,058
And that's why it's gone up 300%
3204
02:47:52,059 --> 02:47:55,642
and why the other libraries in the country have benefited,
3205
02:47:55,643 --> 02:47:56,309
which is great.
3206
02:47:56,310 --> 02:47:58,684
Now I'm going back to the publishers and saying,
3207
02:47:58,685 --> 02:48:02,308
"Let's get to the rest of the tail, right?"
3208
02:48:02,309 --> 02:48:03,392
Let's get free previews.
3209
02:48:03,393 --> 02:48:06,058
Let's get metered rate, so that it's...
3210
02:48:06,059 --> 02:48:10,975
so that we can offer in effect, a universal e-catalog.
3211
02:48:10,976 --> 02:48:13,809
The question will still be, though,
3212
02:48:13,810 --> 02:48:15,267
if you imagine a future in which we...
3213
02:48:15,268 --> 02:48:19,016
everything is potentially borrowable, electronically,
3214
02:48:19,017 --> 02:48:21,058
for those who want to,
3215
02:48:21,059 --> 02:48:22,100
we'll still have to decide
3216
02:48:22,101 --> 02:48:26,932
whether we want to put money into metered rates
3217
02:48:26,933 --> 02:48:30,932
for, you know, a book that doesn't circulate hugely
3218
02:48:30,933 --> 02:48:33,392
or more for the best sellers,
3219
02:48:33,393 --> 02:48:34,434
and partly that's demand,
3220
02:48:34,435 --> 02:48:37,684
and it's partly what's the right thing for us to do?
3221
02:48:37,685 --> 02:48:38,226
Right?
3222
02:48:38,226 --> 02:48:39,059
So we'll still have to decide.
3223
02:48:39,060 --> 02:48:41,932
So that e-content, licensing purchase content strategy,
3224
02:48:41,933 --> 02:48:43,932
that's what Mike has been talking
3225
02:48:43,933 --> 02:48:47,142
to Melissa and Christopher about...
3226
02:48:47,143 --> 02:48:50,100
to help you work through those negotiations.
3227
02:48:50,101 --> 02:48:53,892
So I guess, I understand the temptation of electronic,
3228
02:48:53,893 --> 02:48:57,975
because if things go as we hope they are,
3229
02:48:57,976 --> 02:49:02,809
our... the opportunity there is about to expand,
3230
02:49:02,810 --> 02:49:05,434
if the deals that we're trying to negotiate work.
3231
02:49:05,435 --> 02:49:09,725
And demand is clearly expanded more than supply,
3232
02:49:09,726 --> 02:49:12,932
though I would like to see those numbers.
3233
02:49:12,933 --> 02:49:14,642
But let's go back and say, you know,
3234
02:49:14,643 --> 02:49:17,559
we also are concerned that we hadn't been able...
3235
02:49:17,560 --> 02:49:21,642
Because of budget cuts from the city and more generally...
3236
02:49:21,643 --> 02:49:24,559
We hadn't been able to do as much increase
3237
02:49:24,560 --> 02:49:27,809
of physical book purchasing
3238
02:49:27,810 --> 02:49:31,225
for circulating and for the research library,
3239
02:49:31,226 --> 02:49:33,308
and so how does one decide
3240
02:49:33,309 --> 02:49:38,183
between "e-" and then physical circulating
3241
02:49:38,184 --> 02:49:40,932
and physical research collections?
3242
02:49:40,933 --> 02:49:43,725
We looked at what's circulating and what's not circulating
3243
02:49:43,726 --> 02:49:44,767
in terms of physical books,
3244
02:49:44,768 --> 02:49:46,642
and we have some analysis of that.
3245
02:49:46,643 --> 02:49:48,767
We decided to take the money this year
3246
02:49:48,768 --> 02:49:52,350
and really focus on early childhood.
3247
02:49:52,351 --> 02:49:53,017
So we've set up
3248
02:49:53,018 --> 02:49:55,932
specific early childhood family literacy centers.
3249
02:49:55,933 --> 02:49:57,932
Those, there are special collections being built.
3250
02:49:57,933 --> 02:49:59,475
This is physical, now.
3251
02:49:59,476 --> 02:49:59,934
Yes.
3252
02:49:59,935 --> 02:50:01,308
Physical collections that align
3253
02:50:01,309 --> 02:50:02,684
with the early literacy program
3254
02:50:02,685 --> 02:50:04,892
that we're putting in those 20 sites.
3255
02:50:04,893 --> 02:50:06,600
Plus, looking at the other 60 sites
3256
02:50:06,601 --> 02:50:09,267
that won't have the whole family literacy centers
3257
02:50:09,268 --> 02:50:09,933
put in there,
3258
02:50:09,934 --> 02:50:12,225
and really look at whether we have the materials.
3259
02:50:12,226 --> 02:50:12,933
We're also testing...
3260
02:50:12,934 --> 02:50:15,517
This is part of the service innovation community work
3261
02:50:15,518 --> 02:50:16,932
that we're doing... We're also testing
3262
02:50:16,933 --> 02:50:20,142
building up nonfiction children's collections
3263
02:50:20,143 --> 02:50:21,101
that don't float,
3264
02:50:21,101 --> 02:50:23,475
so that we can actually bring...
3265
02:50:23,476 --> 02:50:24,559
and partnering with the teachers
3266
02:50:24,560 --> 02:50:27,684
to make sure we have the right materials in those centers.
3267
02:50:27,685 --> 02:50:29,932
So rather than sort of go whole hog
3268
02:50:29,933 --> 02:50:31,767
and decide "Let's change the whole thing,"
3269
02:50:31,768 --> 02:50:33,016
we're dipping our toes in
3270
02:50:33,017 --> 02:50:35,267
to making sure that those are the areas.
3271
02:50:35,268 --> 02:50:39,475
Certainly for the more popular fiction for adults,
3272
02:50:39,476 --> 02:50:41,684
I think we understand that very well.
3273
02:50:41,685 --> 02:50:44,267
But this is where we're really trying to focus,
3274
02:50:44,268 --> 02:50:45,932
is in the family literacy,
3275
02:50:45,933 --> 02:50:47,183
and with the schools,
3276
02:50:47,184 --> 02:50:49,932
and then figuring out for nonfiction materials,
3277
02:50:49,933 --> 02:50:50,933
what should float or not float
3278
02:50:50,934 --> 02:50:52,267
and we are building those collections out.
3279
02:50:52,268 --> 02:50:54,932
So we are addressing out to that physical issue.
3280
02:50:54,933 --> 02:50:58,932
What about the physical research collection budget
3281
02:50:58,933 --> 02:51:00,932
that we were concerned about? Yes.
3282
02:51:00,933 --> 02:51:03,392
Not the famous special collection acquisitions,
3283
02:51:03,393 --> 02:51:05,517
but everything else, right? Right, but the...
3284
02:51:05,518 --> 02:51:07,600
I think the questions, are we buying the right things,
3285
02:51:07,601 --> 02:51:10,308
because it's an old collection development policy.
3286
02:51:10,309 --> 02:51:10,976
It's, like, from 2008,
3287
02:51:10,976 --> 02:51:13,642
and as I said, I really want the Mellon director
3288
02:51:13,643 --> 02:51:15,267
to get hand-deep into that.
3289
02:51:15,268 --> 02:51:18,142
So depending on where we are with that, you know,
3290
02:51:18,143 --> 02:51:19,183
we can dig deep into that
3291
02:51:19,184 --> 02:51:21,767
to make sure we're really spending money
3292
02:51:21,768 --> 02:51:23,932
on things that have research value
3293
02:51:23,933 --> 02:51:24,933
and are used.
3294
02:51:24,933 --> 02:51:25,933
And I'm not convinced
3295
02:51:25,934 --> 02:51:28,851
that that's totally the case right now.
3296
02:51:28,851 --> 02:51:31,016
I need to look at that a little bit.
3297
02:51:31,017 --> 02:51:33,642
You know and I know that, at a market rate,
3298
02:51:33,643 --> 02:51:37,142
we still have to put more money into the research collections,
3299
02:51:37,143 --> 02:51:38,851
but we also want to look at that
3300
02:51:38,851 --> 02:51:39,932
in terms of the... our properties
3301
02:51:39,933 --> 02:51:41,932
and to see whether the boundary of 50-50
3302
02:51:41,933 --> 02:51:44,975
is a real boundary or just an agreed-to boundary,
3303
02:51:44,976 --> 02:51:47,932
and maybe there's something we can do better.
3304
02:51:47,933 --> 02:51:48,893
I just think it's easier
3305
02:51:48,894 --> 02:51:51,932
to raise money for research collections
3306
02:51:51,933 --> 02:51:54,058
than it is to raise money for city collections.
3307
02:51:54,059 --> 02:51:55,725
Let's make sure we're putting it in the right place.
3308
02:51:55,726 --> 02:51:58,350
We're just talking about one piece
3309
02:51:58,351 --> 02:52:01,392
of the possible allocation of these funds,
3310
02:52:01,393 --> 02:52:02,143
which is collections,
3311
02:52:02,144 --> 02:52:04,559
electronic, circulating, research,
3312
02:52:04,560 --> 02:52:07,142
physical and electronic.
3313
02:52:07,143 --> 02:52:09,809
And, you know, the great dilemma
3314
02:52:09,810 --> 02:52:13,932
given constrained or not infinite resources,
3315
02:52:13,933 --> 02:52:16,559
which, sadly, is our fate,
3316
02:52:16,560 --> 02:52:21,932
is you could spend every dollar on the best sellers,
3317
02:52:21,933 --> 02:52:23,892
and they would fly out the door,
3318
02:52:23,893 --> 02:52:27,932
but then we would have no money for the things that...
3319
02:52:27,933 --> 02:52:28,560
We recommend.
3320
02:52:28,561 --> 02:52:30,932
We recommend, or that, you know,
3321
02:52:30,933 --> 02:52:32,392
we need to have in our collection
3322
02:52:32,393 --> 02:52:34,517
for the off chance that ten years from now,
3323
02:52:34,518 --> 02:52:35,851
somebody's really going to need it,
3324
02:52:35,851 --> 02:52:37,851
and there's no place else to find it.
3325
02:52:37,851 --> 02:52:38,726
We have... Yeah.
3326
02:52:38,726 --> 02:52:40,475
And, in fact, on the best sellers,
3327
02:52:40,476 --> 02:52:43,932
those, the non-library circulatory system
3328
02:52:43,933 --> 02:52:47,350
of the best sellers seems to work pretty well, right?
3329
02:52:47,351 --> 02:52:49,225
Yeah, yeah. It's not totally socially
3330
02:52:49,226 --> 02:52:52,100
just for those who can't afford the latest best seller,
3331
02:52:52,101 --> 02:52:54,725
but it's not like they're not circulating.
3332
02:52:54,726 --> 02:52:55,933
Whereas, I do think
3333
02:52:55,934 --> 02:52:58,892
we have a social commitment to the back list
3334
02:52:58,893 --> 02:53:04,643
that isn't circulating, right? Yeah, yep.
3335
02:53:08,851 --> 02:53:11,932
Tomorrow morning before we open,
3336
02:53:11,933 --> 02:53:13,932
we have to put them back downstairs
3337
02:53:13,933 --> 02:53:14,726
wherever they were.
3338
02:53:21,560 --> 02:53:23,183
Guys, all, you also have a chair,
3339
02:53:23,184 --> 02:53:25,434
she's going to show you, let's go to the other end.
3340
02:53:25,435 --> 02:53:28,767
Let's do that whole table down there, everybody.
3341
02:53:32,435 --> 02:53:35,267
What's happening?
3342
02:53:35,268 --> 02:53:36,932
Here we go.
3343
02:53:39,184 --> 02:53:40,517
Oh, my gosh.
3344
02:53:43,934 --> 02:53:45,851
Now, who left their jackets here?
3345
02:53:45,851 --> 02:53:49,933
Whose white jackets were these?
3346
02:53:49,934 --> 02:53:52,225
They were moved here.
3347
02:53:52,226 --> 02:53:53,933
So please make sure you're taking yours,
3348
02:53:53,934 --> 02:53:56,851
not leaving someone's dirty jacket...
3349
02:53:58,184 --> 02:54:01,016
One of those looks like...
3350
02:54:01,017 --> 02:54:02,932
We all see how it's done guys.
3351
02:54:03,934 --> 02:54:06,100
: This is kind of pointless to me.
3352
02:54:06,101 --> 02:54:09,058
This is here, that's the other one,
3353
02:54:09,059 --> 02:54:11,267
two, three, four.
3354
02:54:11,268 --> 02:54:12,642
Okay, got it.
3355
02:54:12,643 --> 02:54:15,183
Double check if everybody has a sponsor card
3356
02:54:15,184 --> 02:54:18,183
and a program, please.
3357
02:54:18,184 --> 02:54:19,932
Like that, let's do that, all right?
3358
02:54:19,933 --> 02:54:22,767
So let's do this table first.
3359
02:54:22,768 --> 02:54:24,642
Make it really symmetrical.
3360
02:54:24,643 --> 02:54:25,226
Do this table,
3361
02:54:25,226 --> 02:54:27,434
work your way there to the other box,
3362
02:54:27,435 --> 02:54:28,932
set them back.
3363
02:54:28,933 --> 02:54:30,933
Guys... beautiful.
3364
02:54:31,393 --> 02:54:34,350
I'm very proud of this end, all right, all right.
3365
02:54:34,351 --> 02:54:36,517
You did a very good job.
3366
02:54:45,851 --> 02:54:49,600
And Anthony Appiah has volunteered
3367
02:54:49,601 --> 02:54:50,767
to tell us about a few items
3368
02:54:50,768 --> 02:54:52,725
in this instance from the Schomburg Collection,
3369
02:54:52,726 --> 02:54:55,767
a selection of works by Phillis Wheatley.
3370
02:54:55,768 --> 02:54:56,726
Phillis Wheatley became
3371
02:54:56,726 --> 02:54:58,058
the first African-American woman poet
3372
02:54:58,059 --> 02:55:02,392
to be published in this country in 1770.
3373
02:55:02,393 --> 02:55:04,392
But she was born in West Africa
3374
02:55:04,393 --> 02:55:06,892
and sold into slavery when she was seven
3375
02:55:06,893 --> 02:55:09,100
and brought here and purchased
3376
02:55:09,101 --> 02:55:10,725
by the Wheatley family of Boston,
3377
02:55:10,726 --> 02:55:11,851
who taught her to read and write
3378
02:55:11,851 --> 02:55:14,183
and seemed to have encouraged her poetry.
3379
02:55:14,184 --> 02:55:17,975
She arrived in Boston on the 11th of July 1761
3380
02:55:17,976 --> 02:55:18,933
aboard the Phillis,
3381
02:55:18,934 --> 02:55:21,892
the ship from which she derived her first name,
3382
02:55:21,893 --> 02:55:22,893
which was recently returned
3383
02:55:22,894 --> 02:55:25,975
from Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Guinea.
3384
02:55:25,976 --> 02:55:27,434
When the Wheatleys died,
3385
02:55:27,435 --> 02:55:29,892
Phillis married a free man of color named John Peters,
3386
02:55:29,893 --> 02:55:30,932
who was a grocer.
3387
02:55:30,933 --> 02:55:32,642
The rest of her life was not so happy.
3388
02:55:32,643 --> 02:55:34,267
Two of their children died in infancy.
3389
02:55:34,268 --> 02:55:35,268
Peters was imprisoned for debt
3390
02:55:35,269 --> 02:55:39,725
in 1784 and then Wheatley fell into poverty
3391
02:55:39,726 --> 02:55:42,932
and died and was quickly followed in death
3392
02:55:42,933 --> 02:55:44,559
by her only surviving infant son.
3393
02:55:44,560 --> 02:55:48,183
So her poems are her only legacy.
3394
02:55:48,184 --> 02:55:52,851
Schomburg has Arthur Schomburg's own copy of an elegiac poem
3395
02:55:52,851 --> 02:55:55,475
on the Reverend and Learned Mr. George Whitefield
3396
02:55:55,476 --> 02:55:58,517
which was the first poem Wheatley published.
3397
02:55:58,518 --> 02:56:00,267
Whitefield was an evangelist in the U.S.
3398
02:56:00,268 --> 02:56:03,058
and the personal chaplain of Selina Hastings,
3399
02:56:03,059 --> 02:56:03,933
the Countess of Huntingdon,
3400
02:56:03,934 --> 02:56:06,932
who was one of the leading figures in British Methodism.
3401
02:56:06,933 --> 02:56:09,932
Wheatley's Whitefield elegy brought her into national fame,
3402
02:56:09,933 --> 02:56:13,475
and it was published in London as well as in Boston.
3403
02:56:13,476 --> 02:56:14,932
And her reputation was reinforced
3404
02:56:14,933 --> 02:56:17,600
by the publication of her poem, "Recollection,"
3405
02:56:17,601 --> 02:56:19,517
which first appeared in March 1772
3406
02:56:19,518 --> 02:56:22,932
in the London magazine or gentleman's monthly,
3407
02:56:22,933 --> 02:56:23,810
Intelligencer,
3408
02:56:23,811 --> 02:56:25,225
which was then more widely published
3409
02:56:25,226 --> 02:56:28,058
in American and British periodicals.
3410
02:56:28,059 --> 02:56:29,308
So what we have here on display
3411
02:56:29,309 --> 02:56:31,267
are materials all collected by Arthur Schomburg himself.
3412
02:56:31,268 --> 02:56:36,434
As I say, his copy of the first poem Wheatley published,
3413
02:56:36,435 --> 02:56:39,350
his first edition of the poems,
3414
02:56:39,351 --> 02:56:41,016
signed by Phillis Wheatley herself.
3415
02:56:41,017 --> 02:56:44,851
His London magazine with the poem "Recollection,"
3416
02:56:44,851 --> 02:56:45,560
and a copy
3417
02:56:45,561 --> 02:56:47,642
of Memoirs and Poems of Phillis Wheatley,
3418
02:56:47,643 --> 02:56:51,100
published in Boston in 1834, signed by Schomburg.
3419
02:56:51,101 --> 02:56:53,932
That book, which was published the year Wheatley died
3420
02:56:53,933 --> 02:56:59,932
by Margaretta Matilda Odell, was the, is the basis
3421
02:56:59,933 --> 02:57:00,768
of much of what we know
3422
02:57:00,769 --> 02:57:02,142
about Phillis Wheatley's life.
3423
02:57:02,143 --> 02:57:05,684
In a famous poem about her enslavement, Wheatley wrote,
3424
02:57:05,685 --> 02:57:08,809
"'Twas mercy brought me from my pagan land,
3425
02:57:08,810 --> 02:57:12,975
"taught my benighted soul to understand that there's a God,
3426
02:57:12,976 --> 02:57:14,183
"and there's a Savior too,
3427
02:57:14,184 --> 02:57:18,642
once I redemption neither sought nor knew."
3428
02:57:18,643 --> 02:57:20,100
So we can see why Thomas Jefferson
3429
02:57:20,101 --> 02:57:22,058
in the Notes on the State of Virginia,
3430
02:57:22,059 --> 02:57:22,976
might have written that,
3431
02:57:22,976 --> 02:57:26,308
"Religion indeed has produced a Phillis Wheatley,
3432
02:57:26,309 --> 02:57:28,725
but it could not produce a poet."
3433
02:57:28,726 --> 02:57:30,932
But this was not the only judgment of her
3434
02:57:30,933 --> 02:57:32,642
made by one of the founders.
3435
02:57:32,643 --> 02:57:34,932
In 1776 Wheatley wrote a letter and a poem
3436
02:57:34,933 --> 02:57:37,225
in support of Washington, George Washington,
3437
02:57:37,226 --> 02:57:39,642
and he replied with a gracious invitation
3438
02:57:39,643 --> 02:57:41,142
to visit him in Cambridge,
3439
02:57:41,143 --> 02:57:42,559
stating he would be,
3440
02:57:42,560 --> 02:57:47,016
"Happy to see a person so favored by the Muses."
3441
02:57:47,017 --> 02:57:49,684
I'm very grateful to Steven Fullwood,
3442
02:57:49,685 --> 02:57:51,892
assistant curator of Manuscripts, Archives,
3443
02:57:51,893 --> 02:57:53,016
and Rare Books at the Schomburg,
3444
02:57:53,017 --> 02:57:58,393
both for finding this material and for telling me about it.
3445
02:57:59,226 --> 02:58:03,809
Unless there is other business before the board,
3446
02:58:03,810 --> 02:58:06,393
we are adjourned, thank you.
3447
02:58:31,601 --> 02:58:33,810
Well, here we are again.
3448
02:58:35,601 --> 02:58:36,767
Thank you for coming.
3449
02:58:36,768 --> 02:58:38,932
Eyes open.
3450
02:58:38,933 --> 02:58:41,642
Smile, smile, yes.
3451
02:58:41,643 --> 02:58:44,684
Yes, that's, I always forget the smile part.
3452
02:58:44,685 --> 02:58:47,517
There, so you can all see it.
3453
02:58:47,518 --> 02:58:49,392
Okay.
3454
02:58:49,393 --> 02:58:52,475
Eyes wide open, smiles.
3455
02:59:39,933 --> 02:59:42,932
So maybe just talk about the state of play.
3456
02:59:42,933 --> 02:59:44,932
So you've talked about it historically.
3457
02:59:44,933 --> 02:59:45,933
You've talked about reparations,
3458
02:59:45,934 --> 02:59:48,932
but this book clearly is original
3459
02:59:48,933 --> 02:59:51,932
in one significant formulation among many,
3460
02:59:51,933 --> 02:59:53,475
but one being that
3461
02:59:53,476 --> 02:59:55,932
you wrestle with the issue of violence
3462
02:59:55,933 --> 02:59:57,016
within the black community
3463
02:59:57,017 --> 03:00:01,142
in ways that typically are positioned as an either-or.
3464
03:00:01,143 --> 03:00:03,932
That's... that's... Either these are explorations
3465
03:00:03,933 --> 03:00:05,517
that are about the terrible things
3466
03:00:05,518 --> 03:00:07,517
that black people do to themselves...
3467
03:00:07,518 --> 03:00:07,976
Right.
3468
03:00:07,977 --> 03:00:09,475
Or they're about the terrible things
3469
03:00:09,476 --> 03:00:10,933
that whites do to black people.
3470
03:00:10,934 --> 03:00:11,601
Yeah.
3471
03:00:11,602 --> 03:00:14,932
But here, and probably surprising to many,
3472
03:00:14,933 --> 03:00:18,932
you found a way to web... wed those two things together.
3473
03:00:18,933 --> 03:00:22,058
And that seems to me to be an explicit response
3474
03:00:22,059 --> 03:00:23,975
to the conversation we've been having
3475
03:00:23,976 --> 03:00:25,932
about Michael Brown, for example. Right.
3476
03:00:25,933 --> 03:00:27,851
Right, well, as you said, it's very much a response
3477
03:00:27,852 --> 03:00:30,851
to an ocean of "black on black crime"
3478
03:00:30,852 --> 03:00:34,058
or black people not caring about black on black crime.
3479
03:00:34,059 --> 03:00:37,016
And I think people who regrettably, you know,
3480
03:00:37,017 --> 03:00:39,851
people who I agree with quite a bit,
3481
03:00:39,852 --> 03:00:41,559
play into this sometimes
3482
03:00:41,560 --> 03:00:43,892
because they are afraid of talking about
3483
03:00:43,893 --> 03:00:46,517
"neighbor on neighbor," as someone, you know,
3484
03:00:46,518 --> 03:00:47,642
helpfully phrased it for me.
3485
03:00:47,643 --> 03:00:48,932
Neighbor on neighbor crime that happens
3486
03:00:48,933 --> 03:00:49,933
in African American communities,
3487
03:00:49,934 --> 03:00:52,517
and we say neighbor on neighbor crime
3488
03:00:52,518 --> 03:00:55,142
because the vast majority of crime
3489
03:00:55,143 --> 03:00:56,183
that happens in any community
3490
03:00:56,184 --> 03:00:57,975
is done by other community members.
3491
03:00:57,976 --> 03:01:00,350
That was always true.
3492
03:01:00,351 --> 03:01:01,226
That did not become true in 1965.
3493
03:01:01,227 --> 03:01:02,932
That has always been true in black communities
3494
03:01:02,933 --> 03:01:04,559
and in other people's communities.
3495
03:01:04,560 --> 03:01:05,932
It's just true.
3496
03:01:05,933 --> 03:01:08,350
People don't tend to, you know,
3497
03:01:08,351 --> 03:01:10,975
take the subway to the other side of town,
3498
03:01:10,976 --> 03:01:12,183
you know, to commit a crime,
3499
03:01:12,184 --> 03:01:14,308
they tend to rob people who are right around them.
3500
03:01:14,309 --> 03:01:16,308
And in that sense, the black community
3501
03:01:16,309 --> 03:01:18,267
is just another human community.
3502
03:01:18,268 --> 03:01:19,932
And the fact that the black community
3503
03:01:19,933 --> 03:01:21,016
suffers more crime
3504
03:01:21,017 --> 03:01:24,016
is part of the oppression,
3505
03:01:24,017 --> 03:01:25,932
not separate from the oppression.
3506
03:01:25,933 --> 03:01:26,476
Mm-h mm.
3507
03:01:26,477 --> 03:01:28,142
It's not something that, you know, mutate over...
3508
03:01:28,143 --> 03:01:29,101
it is part of what happens
3509
03:01:29,102 --> 03:01:31,932
when you have a group of people who,
3510
03:01:31,933 --> 03:01:33,684
over a course of generations,
3511
03:01:33,685 --> 03:01:36,932
have been isolated, segregated, plundered,
3512
03:01:36,933 --> 03:01:38,932
have had things taken from them.
3513
03:01:38,933 --> 03:01:41,559
The expectation that the amount of crime
3514
03:01:41,560 --> 03:01:42,933
that happens in their neighborhoods
3515
03:01:42,934 --> 03:01:44,559
will somehow be the same
3516
03:01:44,560 --> 03:01:46,434
as what happens in other neighborhoods,
3517
03:01:46,435 --> 03:01:47,809
it's absurd. Right.
3518
03:01:47,810 --> 03:01:49,392
It's just absurd, you know.
3519
03:01:49,393 --> 03:01:51,016
I don't find it hard to explain,
3520
03:01:51,017 --> 03:01:53,142
nor am I afraid of any sort of conversation
3521
03:01:53,143 --> 03:01:55,225
about the kind of neighbor on neighbor violence
3522
03:01:55,226 --> 03:01:57,392
that happens in African American communities.
3523
03:01:57,393 --> 03:01:59,851
What the hell do you expect to happen?
3524
03:01:59,852 --> 03:02:02,016
Right. It just makes sense.
3525
03:02:02,017 --> 03:02:04,350
You know, I'm black, I'm African American,
3526
03:02:04,351 --> 03:02:06,932
there is so much about being African American
3527
03:02:06,933 --> 03:02:10,767
and African American politics that I don't understand,
3528
03:02:10,768 --> 03:02:12,809
primarily because in my household
3529
03:02:12,810 --> 03:02:14,308
Malcolm X was Jesus.
3530
03:02:15,310 --> 03:02:17,559
You know, and so, your orientation is...
3531
03:02:17,560 --> 03:02:18,226
I mean, and that's like,
3532
03:02:18,227 --> 03:02:19,475
again, that's at the root of this book.
3533
03:02:19,476 --> 03:02:20,932
You know, like the stress on the body.
3534
03:02:20,933 --> 03:02:24,932
You know, Malcolm's belief, his anger, his rage,
3535
03:02:24,933 --> 03:02:26,517
you know, at seeing, you know,
3536
03:02:26,518 --> 03:02:28,016
black people beat in the street
3537
03:02:28,017 --> 03:02:30,183
and dogs sicced on black people,
3538
03:02:30,184 --> 03:02:35,684
said to me, "The black body, your body, is precious."
3539
03:02:35,685 --> 03:02:38,350
Your life is as precious as anyone,
3540
03:02:38,351 --> 03:02:39,892
and you should not give up your life
3541
03:02:39,893 --> 03:02:45,932
and you should not give up your body for rights that are
3542
03:02:45,933 --> 03:02:47,642
already written in the Constitution.
3543
03:02:47,643 --> 03:02:48,851
I'm making my way very slowly
3544
03:02:48,852 --> 03:02:50,851
right now through this Barbara Tuchman book
3545
03:02:50,852 --> 03:02:51,932
called A Distant Mirror,
3546
03:02:51,933 --> 03:02:54,100
it's a history of the 14th century.
3547
03:02:54,101 --> 03:02:56,392
And she has this chapter
3548
03:02:56,393 --> 03:02:59,725
on serfs, and she goes through the literature
3549
03:02:59,726 --> 03:03:01,851
of how people talk about serfs,
3550
03:03:01,852 --> 03:03:02,560
and it's no different than
3551
03:03:02,561 --> 03:03:03,725
how people talk about black people,
3552
03:03:03,726 --> 03:03:07,267
except the substitution for the science that, you know,
3553
03:03:07,268 --> 03:03:07,933
we use for black people,
3554
03:03:07,934 --> 03:03:09,475
I meant black people being scientifically,
3555
03:03:09,476 --> 03:03:12,517
you know, genetically inferior, is replaced by God.
3556
03:03:12,518 --> 03:03:14,684
That's really, really the only difference,
3557
03:03:14,685 --> 03:03:15,892
so when you get to that, you say,
3558
03:03:15,893 --> 03:03:19,559
"Well, damn, this is something about the human condition."
3559
03:03:19,560 --> 03:03:21,434
Like... and I guess in many ways like,
3560
03:03:21,435 --> 03:03:23,932
that's the power of the African American experience,
3561
03:03:23,933 --> 03:03:25,016
when you begin to understand,
3562
03:03:25,017 --> 03:03:27,100
there's actually a statement about
3563
03:03:27,101 --> 03:03:29,685
the human condition.
3564
03:04:50,476 --> 03:04:53,183
As we're seeing the fruits of our labor
3565
03:04:53,184 --> 03:04:54,725
with all the increased staff
3566
03:04:54,726 --> 03:04:55,809
and increased hours
3567
03:04:55,810 --> 03:04:58,016
and increased educational opportunities
3568
03:04:58,017 --> 03:05:00,434
that were created.
3569
03:05:00,435 --> 03:05:02,183
And we had a great campaign,
3570
03:05:02,184 --> 03:05:03,725
Invest in Libraries, right?
3571
03:05:03,726 --> 03:05:05,016
I mean, we need to sort of
3572
03:05:05,017 --> 03:05:07,392
tee this up for next year.
3573
03:05:07,393 --> 03:05:13,767
Um, we have to have a new story, a new priority.
3574
03:05:13,768 --> 03:05:15,600
It can't just be that we want
3575
03:05:15,601 --> 03:05:20,100
to baseline the money that we got last year.
3576
03:05:20,101 --> 03:05:23,100
I mean, is it seven-day service
3577
03:05:23,101 --> 03:05:25,684
across the entire system?
3578
03:05:25,685 --> 03:05:29,975
Um, is it, you know, more capital money?
3579
03:05:29,976 --> 03:05:32,932
We have to sort of formulate that here,
3580
03:05:32,933 --> 03:05:34,851
and before we know it,
3581
03:05:34,852 --> 03:05:36,933
the budget cycle is going to be upon us.
3582
03:05:36,934 --> 03:05:39,725
I'm sure that they're going to have their first hearing
3583
03:05:39,726 --> 03:05:41,932
starting at the end of November
3584
03:05:41,933 --> 03:05:43,684
for the next fiscal year.
3585
03:05:43,685 --> 03:05:45,932
So this is sort of an important moment
3586
03:05:45,933 --> 03:05:47,932
to sort of figure out,
3587
03:05:47,933 --> 03:05:49,434
and you're the ones
3588
03:05:49,435 --> 03:05:53,932
to sort of help us craft this message.
3589
03:05:53,933 --> 03:05:56,932
So I think that we need to sort of
3590
03:05:56,933 --> 03:06:00,183
start having a discussion about this and, you know,
3591
03:06:00,184 --> 03:06:02,016
we need to know how much
3592
03:06:02,017 --> 03:06:03,932
can we absorb here, you know?
3593
03:06:03,933 --> 03:06:07,100
It was a phenomenal year and, you know,
3594
03:06:07,101 --> 03:06:09,559
between Louise and Christopher, you know,
3595
03:06:09,560 --> 03:06:12,308
hiring these people, getting them, you know,
3596
03:06:12,309 --> 03:06:14,475
assimilated into the library,
3597
03:06:14,476 --> 03:06:16,183
that's a huge number of people
3598
03:06:16,184 --> 03:06:19,142
to get into the library system.
3599
03:06:19,143 --> 03:06:24,100
Um, so, we need to sort of figure out what the message is.
3600
03:06:24,101 --> 03:06:25,975
And, you know, it's gonna...
3601
03:06:25,976 --> 03:06:29,517
it's the third year of this administration.
3602
03:06:29,518 --> 03:06:31,933
We sort of have to have the right message.
3603
03:06:31,934 --> 03:06:34,434
I believe, George, that we're beginning
3604
03:06:34,435 --> 03:06:37,932
to get into their psyche a little bit more.
3605
03:06:37,933 --> 03:06:40,851
So, you know, this is the moment
3606
03:06:40,852 --> 03:06:41,932
to start thinking about that.
3607
03:06:41,933 --> 03:06:42,933
We had asked for $65 million,
3608
03:06:42,934 --> 03:06:43,934
and the $65 million would have
3609
03:06:43,935 --> 03:06:46,350
brought us back to fiscal '08.
3610
03:06:46,351 --> 03:06:48,016
So we didn't get everything that we asked for.
3611
03:06:48,017 --> 03:06:49,517
But by the same token,
3612
03:06:49,518 --> 03:06:51,767
through the eyes of our friends in government,
3613
03:06:51,768 --> 03:06:52,932
they may feel that the problem
3614
03:06:52,933 --> 03:06:55,350
as far as library funding is concerned is solved.
3615
03:06:55,351 --> 03:06:57,183
So that's one of the big dilemmas
3616
03:06:57,184 --> 03:06:59,809
that we have to deal with at this point.
3617
03:06:59,810 --> 03:07:00,851
We also know that we had
3618
03:07:00,852 --> 03:07:02,434
over $1 billion in capital needs
3619
03:07:02,435 --> 03:07:03,184
that we were asking for.
3620
03:07:03,185 --> 03:07:04,350
We only received $300 million.
3621
03:07:04,351 --> 03:07:06,932
But the real remarkable thing that happened last year,
3622
03:07:06,933 --> 03:07:09,016
is for the first time ever as far as we can remember,
3623
03:07:09,017 --> 03:07:11,975
is that they actually entered into a dialogue with us
3624
03:07:11,976 --> 03:07:13,600
at a point in the process where
3625
03:07:13,601 --> 03:07:15,684
they had never done that in the past.
3626
03:07:15,685 --> 03:07:17,767
So to them, again, on the capital side,
3627
03:07:17,768 --> 03:07:20,350
they may feel that problem is solved.
3628
03:07:20,351 --> 03:07:21,933
So, we have to get past that.
3629
03:07:21,934 --> 03:07:24,932
We have to articulate a message this year again.
3630
03:07:24,933 --> 03:07:28,350
And, in addition to the message around funding,
3631
03:07:28,351 --> 03:07:31,725
we have to continue applying pressure
3632
03:07:31,726 --> 03:07:33,308
on the community side.
3633
03:07:33,309 --> 03:07:35,475
I mean, that's... that's a reality
3634
03:07:35,476 --> 03:07:38,183
and that worked last year, so we have to continue
3635
03:07:38,184 --> 03:07:39,892
applying pressure in that way,
3636
03:07:39,893 --> 03:07:41,308
continue to build relationships,
3637
03:07:41,309 --> 03:07:42,725
not just with our elected officials,
3638
03:07:42,726 --> 03:07:44,932
but with the groups and the individuals
3639
03:07:44,933 --> 03:07:46,225
and the users and supporters
3640
03:07:46,226 --> 03:07:49,016
and all the folks out there that really do love libraries
3641
03:07:49,017 --> 03:07:50,932
and to have them tell our story for us.
3642
03:07:50,933 --> 03:07:53,809
We have a core group
3643
03:07:53,810 --> 03:07:54,393
of library managers
3644
03:07:54,394 --> 03:07:56,932
who really were phenomenal last year
3645
03:07:56,933 --> 03:07:58,767
and are gonna be great this year.
3646
03:07:58,768 --> 03:08:01,559
And, you know, we need to sort of figure out,
3647
03:08:01,560 --> 03:08:04,016
also, what their roles are going to be.
3648
03:08:04,017 --> 03:08:08,058
You know, not everybody is great at this,
3649
03:08:08,059 --> 03:08:10,016
but people can have buddies and partners
3650
03:08:10,017 --> 03:08:11,725
who can teach them how to do this.
3651
03:08:11,726 --> 03:08:14,559
For me, the key questions that we need
3652
03:08:14,560 --> 03:08:16,016
to get our head around is sort of
3653
03:08:16,017 --> 03:08:19,142
"What is it, what's next that we want to do,
3654
03:08:19,143 --> 03:08:23,100
or need to do, or need to fund to do?"
3655
03:08:23,101 --> 03:08:28,517
And what do we think is a political message
3656
03:08:28,518 --> 03:08:30,475
that our colleagues in city hall
3657
03:08:30,476 --> 03:08:33,016
and city council will embrace?
3658
03:08:33,017 --> 03:08:34,142
I mean, I think one of the lessons
3659
03:08:34,143 --> 03:08:37,475
we learned last year is surprise, surprise,
3660
03:08:37,476 --> 03:08:40,932
politicians like simple messages, right?
3661
03:08:40,933 --> 03:08:43,975
So, six-day service, all right?
3662
03:08:43,976 --> 03:08:46,767
And, you know, the way to win here
3663
03:08:46,768 --> 03:08:49,225
is to think about the match between
3664
03:08:49,226 --> 03:08:52,225
what it is we are delivering and want to deliver,
3665
03:08:52,226 --> 03:08:57,600
and what is a message that is easily projected from them,
3666
03:08:57,601 --> 03:09:00,434
so that they can rally the citizenry
3667
03:09:00,435 --> 03:09:02,725
in support of what they're trying to do as well.
3668
03:09:02,726 --> 03:09:05,932
And this only works if we think strategically
3669
03:09:05,933 --> 03:09:08,350
for and with the political leaders
3670
03:09:08,351 --> 03:09:11,892
and match that with the substance
3671
03:09:11,893 --> 03:09:13,933
of what we think we need to deliver
3672
03:09:13,934 --> 03:09:15,932
and need to find the funding for,
3673
03:09:15,933 --> 03:09:19,101
and that's the intersect that we're looking for.
3674
03:09:46,184 --> 03:09:48,932
Macomb's Bridge, as you may not know,
3675
03:09:48,933 --> 03:09:51,559
is the jewel of the New York Public Library.
3676
03:09:53,933 --> 03:09:55,725
And we do have
3677
03:09:55,726 --> 03:10:00,142
programs such as this for the community,
3678
03:10:00,143 --> 03:10:02,559
for us to come and talk and have a conversation.
3679
03:10:02,560 --> 03:10:04,225
And it is about moving forward.
3680
03:10:04,226 --> 03:10:05,559
It's not just about talking about,
3681
03:10:05,560 --> 03:10:07,809
we can't preach to the choir, you know.
3682
03:10:07,810 --> 03:10:08,932
Mm-h mm. Right.
3683
03:10:08,933 --> 03:10:09,933
We already know.
3684
03:10:09,934 --> 03:10:10,934
But it is about moving forward,
3685
03:10:10,935 --> 03:10:13,225
and sometimes you have to take little steps
3686
03:10:13,226 --> 03:10:14,308
to move forward.
3687
03:10:14,309 --> 03:10:16,892
So you have come to talk,
3688
03:10:16,893 --> 03:10:19,392
and there are five young men outside,
3689
03:10:19,393 --> 03:10:20,559
and I say to them,
3690
03:10:20,560 --> 03:10:21,932
"Hey guys, come on in
3691
03:10:21,933 --> 03:10:23,932
and listen to Brother Muhammad talk."
3692
03:10:23,933 --> 03:10:25,975
Because even if they're in here on the computer,
3693
03:10:25,976 --> 03:10:27,016
that's good enough for me.
3694
03:10:27,017 --> 03:10:28,142
Yeah. Because they're listening,
3695
03:10:28,143 --> 03:10:29,932
and that's what the beauty of Macomb's Bridge is,
3696
03:10:29,933 --> 03:10:32,100
that we're small, right?
3697
03:10:32,101 --> 03:10:34,932
They chose not to, and that's fine.
3698
03:10:34,933 --> 03:10:35,852
Latron did.
3699
03:10:35,853 --> 03:10:38,142
Yeah, Latron is over there.
3700
03:10:38,143 --> 03:10:43,016
But they... but there is this peer kind of thing
3701
03:10:43,017 --> 03:10:43,934
and we've all been children
3702
03:10:43,935 --> 03:10:45,058
and there's that peer kind of a thing
3703
03:10:45,059 --> 03:10:47,642
and they chose to stay outside and take pictures while,
3704
03:10:47,643 --> 03:10:50,932
you know, doing whatever it is that they do.
3705
03:10:50,933 --> 03:10:52,350
This is a first step.
3706
03:10:52,351 --> 03:10:53,932
We also have our writers group,
3707
03:10:53,933 --> 03:10:56,559
which is a group of adults who come together
3708
03:10:56,560 --> 03:10:59,183
and talk about things in the community,
3709
03:10:59,184 --> 03:11:00,809
but not only that, talk about things,
3710
03:11:00,810 --> 03:11:01,892
what's going on in the library.
3711
03:11:01,893 --> 03:11:03,392
You know, the free access
3712
03:11:03,393 --> 03:11:04,932
that we have in the library
3713
03:11:04,933 --> 03:11:06,225
in your own community.
3714
03:11:06,226 --> 03:11:10,434
And you can't force people to come in
3715
03:11:10,435 --> 03:11:13,642
and take information that's available to them,
3716
03:11:13,643 --> 03:11:15,932
you can only let them know it's there.
3717
03:11:15,933 --> 03:11:16,933
From what I see,
3718
03:11:16,934 --> 03:11:20,225
I'm teaching in the school system.
3719
03:11:20,226 --> 03:11:22,600
I grew up single.
3720
03:11:22,601 --> 03:11:24,350
My mom was young, single.
3721
03:11:24,351 --> 03:11:27,142
I knew my father, but he didn't live with me.
3722
03:11:27,143 --> 03:11:28,809
My husband, same thing.
3723
03:11:28,810 --> 03:11:31,932
We grew up without our fathers in our home.
3724
03:11:31,933 --> 03:11:36,932
We grew up, there were "uncles" there, quote unquote,
3725
03:11:36,933 --> 03:11:40,350
but no fathers were there.
3726
03:11:40,351 --> 03:11:46,559
So, we tried to change that with our son, you know,
3727
03:11:46,560 --> 03:11:48,932
and made sure that we were there
3728
03:11:48,933 --> 03:11:51,058
and it does make a difference.
3729
03:11:51,059 --> 03:11:55,932
Not only us being in the household,
3730
03:11:55,933 --> 03:11:57,308
but us being there,
3731
03:11:57,309 --> 03:11:59,725
because you can still be a family,
3732
03:11:59,726 --> 03:12:02,058
but if you're working 12 hours
3733
03:12:02,059 --> 03:12:03,933
and your husband is working 12 hours,
3734
03:12:03,934 --> 03:12:07,142
your child is still being raised by the street,
3735
03:12:07,143 --> 03:12:11,434
or pray to God that someone in the school
3736
03:12:11,435 --> 03:12:13,058
is caring enough for them
3737
03:12:13,059 --> 03:12:15,642
to let them stay a little longer.
3738
03:12:15,643 --> 03:12:19,183
I see now, after school programs start early.
3739
03:12:19,184 --> 03:12:22,434
Some students are out there 6:00 in the morning,
3740
03:12:22,435 --> 03:12:24,058
waiting for the school to open
3741
03:12:24,059 --> 03:12:26,767
because their parents have to go to work
3742
03:12:26,768 --> 03:12:27,932
to pay these bills
3743
03:12:27,933 --> 03:12:30,350
or to do whatever they need to do
3744
03:12:30,351 --> 03:12:35,225
and then they go home 8:00, 8:30.
3745
03:12:35,226 --> 03:12:38,559
That's from 6:00 in the morning
3746
03:12:38,560 --> 03:12:39,932
to 8:30 at night.
3747
03:12:39,933 --> 03:12:41,434
There is no family,
3748
03:12:41,435 --> 03:12:42,933
no kind of connection.
3749
03:12:42,934 --> 03:12:43,643
Okay,
3750
03:12:43,644 --> 03:12:46,600
I told a lot of people, you have to...
3751
03:12:46,601 --> 03:12:48,058
don't depend on anyone.
3752
03:12:48,059 --> 03:12:49,975
Do it yourself, just believe in yourself
3753
03:12:49,976 --> 03:12:50,933
and keep working at it.
3754
03:12:50,934 --> 03:12:53,767
I couldn't afford to go to film school.
3755
03:12:53,768 --> 03:12:55,559
I learned from the library.
3756
03:12:55,560 --> 03:12:56,309
I learned how to type.
3757
03:12:56,310 --> 03:12:57,350
I learned how to read a script.
3758
03:12:57,351 --> 03:12:58,975
I learned how to do all that from the library.
3759
03:12:58,976 --> 03:13:00,559
People say, "Why didn't you go to school?"
3760
03:13:00,560 --> 03:13:01,518
I was taking care of my kids,
3761
03:13:01,519 --> 03:13:02,809
I couldn't afford it, couldn't find no job.
3762
03:13:02,810 --> 03:13:04,517
So, I learned from the library.
3763
03:13:04,518 --> 03:13:06,933
But we have to stick together
3764
03:13:06,934 --> 03:13:09,559
and we have to form a group where we can say,
3765
03:13:09,560 --> 03:13:11,267
"We just ain't going to take it no more,"
3766
03:13:11,268 --> 03:13:13,058
and just do and look out for each other.
3767
03:13:13,059 --> 03:13:15,100
We cut each other's throat a lot.
3768
03:13:15,101 --> 03:13:18,725
Because once somebody get it, think as, or Nas was saying,
3769
03:13:18,726 --> 03:13:20,767
you know, once you start getting that money,
3770
03:13:20,768 --> 03:13:23,142
everybody want to go spend money downtown, they...
3771
03:13:23,143 --> 03:13:25,932
nobody want to bring money back into the community.
3772
03:13:25,933 --> 03:13:26,685
And then when we try to
3773
03:13:26,686 --> 03:13:27,851
bring back money in the community,
3774
03:13:27,852 --> 03:13:28,932
we're always trying to get...
3775
03:13:28,933 --> 03:13:30,767
cut each other's throat.
3776
03:13:30,768 --> 03:13:31,932
If we come together,
3777
03:13:31,933 --> 03:13:33,142
it seems like the only time we come together
3778
03:13:33,143 --> 03:13:36,016
is when something crazy happens with us, you know?
3779
03:13:36,017 --> 03:13:37,809
As soon as it's over, it died out
3780
03:13:37,810 --> 03:13:40,684
and every thing's back the same.
3781
03:13:40,685 --> 03:13:41,601
Can I say something
3782
03:13:41,602 --> 03:13:42,892
about what he just said?
3783
03:13:42,893 --> 03:13:45,642
My grandmother had a store, and I'll tell you
3784
03:13:45,643 --> 03:13:46,932
how she lost her store.
3785
03:13:46,933 --> 03:13:47,933
Like almost every other
3786
03:13:47,934 --> 03:13:49,851
black store owner.
3787
03:13:49,852 --> 03:13:52,308
When you have a store, you have to buy products.
3788
03:13:52,309 --> 03:13:53,101
You have to buy straws,
3789
03:13:53,102 --> 03:13:55,517
you have to buy brown paper bags,
3790
03:13:55,518 --> 03:13:57,308
you have to buy canned peas.
3791
03:13:57,309 --> 03:14:01,225
So, what happens is you have to go to your distributor,
3792
03:14:01,226 --> 03:14:04,434
the people who are distributing these items,
3793
03:14:04,435 --> 03:14:05,767
and most of the time, most...
3794
03:14:05,768 --> 03:14:07,932
Like 99% of the time, they're white.
3795
03:14:07,933 --> 03:14:10,932
So what basically happened with my grandmother is
3796
03:14:10,933 --> 03:14:13,892
that they kept going up on her prices
3797
03:14:13,893 --> 03:14:16,392
of her straws, of her paper bags,
3798
03:14:16,393 --> 03:14:19,058
of her canned peas, of her this and that.
3799
03:14:19,059 --> 03:14:22,600
So, every time they went up, she had to go up.
3800
03:14:22,601 --> 03:14:23,892
But those same distributors
3801
03:14:23,893 --> 03:14:27,308
weren't going up on their prices in other communities.
3802
03:14:27,309 --> 03:14:29,350
Right. They stayed the same.
3803
03:14:29,351 --> 03:14:29,933
So, basically,
3804
03:14:29,934 --> 03:14:32,767
that's how they basically get it, get you out,
3805
03:14:32,768 --> 03:14:34,892
and it goes from one thing to another,
3806
03:14:34,893 --> 03:14:37,267
from farms to our meat markets.
3807
03:14:37,268 --> 03:14:38,932
We have no farms.
3808
03:14:38,933 --> 03:14:39,768
As a matter of fact,
3809
03:14:39,769 --> 03:14:41,600
the government was sued by black farmers
3810
03:14:41,601 --> 03:14:45,725
over 20 years ago, and they have yet, to this day,
3811
03:14:45,726 --> 03:14:48,350
got their money for their farms.
3812
03:14:48,351 --> 03:14:50,725
So, I mean, it's terrible.
3813
03:14:50,726 --> 03:14:53,932
Yeah, and if you notice the neighborhood
3814
03:14:53,933 --> 03:14:54,933
and who owns the stores
3815
03:14:54,934 --> 03:14:59,392
and what we particularly eat is outrageous prices.
3816
03:14:59,393 --> 03:15:02,350
Like, my mother used Hellmann's mayonnaise.
3817
03:15:02,351 --> 03:15:03,017
You go to the store now,
3818
03:15:03,018 --> 03:15:06,183
Hellmann's mayonnaise is like $6.99
3819
03:15:06,184 --> 03:15:07,932
when it should be $3.99.
3820
03:15:07,933 --> 03:15:10,932
And the same goes for chicken wings.
3821
03:15:10,933 --> 03:15:12,684
It's more than steak now.
3822
03:15:12,685 --> 03:15:14,932
You know, it's because we eat this
3823
03:15:14,933 --> 03:15:17,851
and we're going to buy it, you know, so...
3824
03:15:17,852 --> 03:15:19,392
So it's a lot of that going on,
3825
03:15:19,393 --> 03:15:22,308
but it's almost every single aspect
3826
03:15:22,309 --> 03:15:25,267
of our lives are hit some kind of way.
3827
03:15:25,268 --> 03:15:27,767
We talk about these things that we need
3828
03:15:27,768 --> 03:15:29,684
for our children in the communities,
3829
03:15:29,685 --> 03:15:33,600
but we don't have 'em in the communities for them.
3830
03:15:33,601 --> 03:15:37,600
We don't have this... these tapes
3831
03:15:37,601 --> 03:15:41,642
that show and tell their true history.
3832
03:15:41,643 --> 03:15:44,392
The only thing we have available for them
3833
03:15:44,393 --> 03:15:50,350
are textbooks that tell them untruths.
3834
03:15:50,351 --> 03:15:51,226
Like McGraw Hill,
3835
03:15:51,227 --> 03:15:54,809
they're still printing untruths about our lives.
3836
03:15:54,810 --> 03:15:55,726
Would you tell everyone
3837
03:15:55,727 --> 03:15:57,267
about what happened with McGraw Hill,
3838
03:15:57,268 --> 03:15:58,932
because it's an interesting example.
3839
03:15:58,933 --> 03:16:02,517
Okay, McGraw Hill, we spend millions, billions of dollars
3840
03:16:02,518 --> 03:16:06,932
across our country, giving them the right
3841
03:16:06,933 --> 03:16:09,100
to write textbooks that we use
3842
03:16:09,101 --> 03:16:12,392
to educate our children on a daily basis.
3843
03:16:12,393 --> 03:16:18,932
So they wrote a textbook, and in it, it mentioned,
3844
03:16:18,933 --> 03:16:21,183
it was a section about slavery
3845
03:16:21,184 --> 03:16:23,809
and it said something to the effect,
3846
03:16:23,810 --> 03:16:24,892
I don't want to quote,
3847
03:16:24,893 --> 03:16:32,434
but the slaves came to America as workers
3848
03:16:32,435 --> 03:16:36,932
to lighten the load, but the thing that...
3849
03:16:36,933 --> 03:16:42,600
The significant point is when it... they were contacted,
3850
03:16:42,601 --> 03:16:44,142
they said that they did it
3851
03:16:44,143 --> 03:16:48,183
and they will only change the writing
3852
03:16:48,184 --> 03:16:52,142
if someone calls them and asks.
3853
03:16:52,143 --> 03:16:55,392
So if you haven't heard about it,
3854
03:16:55,393 --> 03:16:57,809
your schools haven't heard about it,
3855
03:16:57,810 --> 03:16:59,851
the books won't be changed.
3856
03:16:59,852 --> 03:17:01,559
So this is information
3857
03:17:01,560 --> 03:17:05,183
that we are allowing our children to hear
3858
03:17:05,184 --> 03:17:06,809
because the Department of Ed,
3859
03:17:06,810 --> 03:17:09,642
they have a big contract with McGraw Hill.
3860
03:17:09,643 --> 03:17:12,308
Yeah, so... So what do we do about that?
3861
03:17:12,309 --> 03:17:13,932
So McGraw Hill, in a geography book,
3862
03:17:13,933 --> 03:17:18,225
as you just described, describes, on a section,
3863
03:17:18,226 --> 03:17:20,932
immigration, and it's looking at
3864
03:17:20,933 --> 03:17:23,642
how this diverse, very diverse country,
3865
03:17:23,643 --> 03:17:26,851
a nation, that we often say, of immigrants,
3866
03:17:26,852 --> 03:17:27,932
where did its people come from?
3867
03:17:27,933 --> 03:17:30,600
And it's pitched to a ninth grade audience
3868
03:17:30,601 --> 03:17:33,932
of social studies students learning geography,
3869
03:17:33,933 --> 03:17:35,100
and in the section that looks at
3870
03:17:35,101 --> 03:17:36,932
the southeast corner of the United States
3871
03:17:36,933 --> 03:17:39,600
it's purple, meant to denote African Americans.
3872
03:17:39,601 --> 03:17:42,933
And there's a little bubble that jumps out and says,
3873
03:17:42,934 --> 03:17:46,933
between the 1500s and 1800s, immigrants from Africa
3874
03:17:46,934 --> 03:17:51,892
came to work in the southeast part of the country.
3875
03:17:51,893 --> 03:17:52,932
I'm paraphrasing.
3876
03:17:52,933 --> 03:17:54,517
Literally referred to immigrants...
3877
03:17:54,518 --> 03:17:56,600
black people as immigrant workers.
3878
03:17:56,601 --> 03:17:57,351
Workers, yeah.
3879
03:17:57,352 --> 03:17:59,517
Now, that was egregious enough,
3880
03:17:59,518 --> 03:18:01,932
but the irony, that in the passage
3881
03:18:01,933 --> 03:18:03,684
referencing indentured servants
3882
03:18:03,685 --> 03:18:07,851
to explain how people of lower economic status
3883
03:18:07,852 --> 03:18:10,892
from England and Australia arrived here,
3884
03:18:10,893 --> 03:18:15,100
said that indentured servants came and often had to work,
3885
03:18:15,101 --> 03:18:18,642
had to do difficult work for little or no pay.
3886
03:18:18,643 --> 03:18:23,434
So in reference to the quality of their experience
3887
03:18:23,435 --> 03:18:27,100
and their recompense for their contribution,
3888
03:18:27,101 --> 03:18:29,183
there's actually a qualitative judgment
3889
03:18:29,184 --> 03:18:30,932
about what happened to indentured servants
3890
03:18:30,933 --> 03:18:35,100
and nothing with reference to people of African descent.
3891
03:18:35,101 --> 03:18:37,142
And it is hard to justify this.
3892
03:18:37,143 --> 03:18:39,183
There's a page of advisors.
3893
03:18:39,184 --> 03:18:42,851
There's an editorial board, and unfortunately
3894
03:18:42,852 --> 03:18:46,350
Texas is where this textbook was being used,
3895
03:18:46,351 --> 03:18:48,684
which is the largest textbook market in the country
3896
03:18:48,685 --> 03:18:51,225
and this happens, you know, in 2015.
3897
03:18:51,226 --> 03:18:51,933
The one thing I'll say,
3898
03:18:51,934 --> 03:18:54,392
and this is a very exceptional thing to say,
3899
03:18:54,393 --> 03:18:54,933
but it is true.
3900
03:18:54,934 --> 03:18:57,932
This community happens to be very different than many others.
3901
03:18:57,933 --> 03:18:59,932
You do have the Schomburg Center.
3902
03:18:59,933 --> 03:19:01,058
Yes.
3903
03:19:01,059 --> 03:19:01,934
So, you do have a place
3904
03:19:01,935 --> 03:19:04,016
where you can spend the rest of your life
3905
03:19:04,017 --> 03:19:06,725
and sending your children there for the rest of their lives
3906
03:19:06,726 --> 03:19:08,932
to learn the truth, and the truth is complicated,
3907
03:19:08,933 --> 03:19:12,308
but you certainly can draw upon the collective wisdom
3908
03:19:12,309 --> 03:19:13,559
of people who have thought deeply
3909
03:19:13,560 --> 03:19:16,932
and paid very close attention to the historical record
3910
03:19:16,933 --> 03:19:18,933
to correct the mythologies and lies
3911
03:19:18,934 --> 03:19:22,058
about people of African descent in this country.
3912
03:19:22,059 --> 03:19:22,726
So we know that,
3913
03:19:22,727 --> 03:19:25,932
you know, the average woman makes 77 cents on the dollar
3914
03:19:25,933 --> 03:19:26,852
that the average man makes.
3915
03:19:26,853 --> 03:19:28,600
The black woman makes 62 cents on the dollar
3916
03:19:28,601 --> 03:19:30,308
for every dollar that a white man makes
3917
03:19:30,309 --> 03:19:32,559
and even less than her white counterpart.
3918
03:19:32,560 --> 03:19:34,933
So are you supposed to walk into the marketplace
3919
03:19:34,934 --> 03:19:37,225
and say "Yeah, pay me less than everybody else?"
3920
03:19:37,226 --> 03:19:39,308
Or are you supposed to say, "I want to be part
3921
03:19:39,309 --> 03:19:41,725
"of making sure that the women who come behind me
3922
03:19:41,726 --> 03:19:46,642
are paid equally for their contribution to our economy"?
3923
03:19:46,643 --> 03:19:47,435
So that's troubling.
3924
03:19:47,436 --> 03:19:48,892
And I'm not sure where that came from
3925
03:19:48,893 --> 03:19:52,392
other than this notion that there's a price to be paid
3926
03:19:52,393 --> 03:19:55,142
for standing up for justice and inequality.
3927
03:19:55,143 --> 03:19:56,017
And that's certainly true.
3928
03:19:56,018 --> 03:20:00,058
But if we don't teach our kids at an earlier date
3929
03:20:00,059 --> 03:20:03,016
something different about privileging values
3930
03:20:03,017 --> 03:20:04,932
in how we govern ourselves in the world
3931
03:20:04,933 --> 03:20:06,016
and how we think about people
3932
03:20:06,017 --> 03:20:07,725
and how we relate to one another,
3933
03:20:07,726 --> 03:20:09,932
then I'm afraid we will be reproducing
3934
03:20:09,933 --> 03:20:13,309
the same outcomes as we move forward.
3935
03:20:27,601 --> 03:20:31,058
But I fell in love with this man
3936
03:20:31,059 --> 03:20:32,932
who wanted to understand the world
3937
03:20:32,933 --> 03:20:36,016
and he's an extraordinary person
3938
03:20:36,017 --> 03:20:37,058
who leads me towards porcelain.
3939
03:20:37,059 --> 03:20:38,975
Tschirnhaus thinks that it's possible
3940
03:20:38,976 --> 03:20:42,851
to analyze the products of the arts
3941
03:20:42,852 --> 03:20:44,932
in a philosophical manner
3942
03:20:44,933 --> 03:20:47,851
that boats and bridges and buildings
3943
03:20:47,852 --> 03:20:51,932
should be considered as the arts of invention.
3944
03:20:51,933 --> 03:20:53,559
These objects can train
3945
03:20:53,560 --> 03:20:57,183
what he calls the active imagination.
3946
03:20:57,184 --> 03:20:58,143
Because they exhibit
3947
03:20:58,144 --> 03:21:01,308
all the possibilities of imagination.
3948
03:21:01,309 --> 03:21:02,932
In fact, I realize,
3949
03:21:02,933 --> 03:21:06,308
he takes on the world as possibility.
3950
03:21:06,309 --> 03:21:07,892
As you walk down the street
3951
03:21:07,893 --> 03:21:09,932
there's nothing in the material world
3952
03:21:09,933 --> 03:21:12,933
that you encounter that cannot be brought
3953
03:21:12,934 --> 03:21:15,932
into this space of reflection,
3954
03:21:15,933 --> 03:21:17,933
and at each point of this reflection
3955
03:21:17,934 --> 03:21:21,142
as you pause and look with dedication,
3956
03:21:21,143 --> 03:21:23,642
at this lamppost, this gateway,
3957
03:21:23,643 --> 03:21:27,267
you recreate the manner of its creation.
3958
03:21:27,268 --> 03:21:30,475
You move through the series of actions
3959
03:21:30,476 --> 03:21:33,809
that caused it to come into being.
3960
03:21:33,810 --> 03:21:36,475
And above all, he's interested, he writes,
3961
03:21:36,476 --> 03:21:39,559
in how to obtain what should be observed
3962
03:21:39,560 --> 03:21:43,932
in the first mode of the formation of things.
3963
03:21:43,933 --> 03:21:46,975
How something comes into being is critical.
3964
03:21:46,976 --> 03:21:48,892
It's a kind of poiesis.
3965
03:21:48,893 --> 03:21:52,016
And when I read this, my heart swells.
3966
03:21:52,017 --> 03:21:53,725
This is my rubric,
3967
03:21:53,726 --> 03:21:56,600
of my journey to my white hills,
3968
03:21:56,601 --> 03:21:58,517
this tracing of the first formation
3969
03:21:58,518 --> 03:22:02,725
of porcelain from white earth into something else.
3970
03:22:02,726 --> 03:22:07,058
Tschirnhaus is describing with a passionate lucidity
3971
03:22:07,059 --> 03:22:09,600
the value of looking and thinking
3972
03:22:09,601 --> 03:22:12,183
about how an object
3973
03:22:12,184 --> 03:22:14,183
as an idea comes into being.
3974
03:22:14,184 --> 03:22:15,434
Primo Levi,
3975
03:22:15,435 --> 03:22:17,392
my hero, wrote in The Wrench
3976
03:22:17,393 --> 03:22:20,851
of the advantage of being able to test yourself,
3977
03:22:20,852 --> 03:22:22,932
not depending on others in the test,
3978
03:22:22,933 --> 03:22:24,933
reflecting yourself in your work,
3979
03:22:24,934 --> 03:22:27,932
on the pleasure of seeing your creature grow,
3980
03:22:27,933 --> 03:22:30,267
beam after beam, bolt after bolt.
3981
03:22:30,268 --> 03:22:35,851
Necessary, symmetrical, suited to purpose,
3982
03:22:35,852 --> 03:22:37,932
by which Primo Levi, a chemist
3983
03:22:37,933 --> 03:22:41,142
who spent his working life analyzing paint
3984
03:22:41,143 --> 03:22:42,932
as well as being a writer,
3985
03:22:42,933 --> 03:22:45,892
means that method is interesting.
3986
03:22:45,893 --> 03:22:48,892
Be very, very careful when you describe
3987
03:22:48,893 --> 03:22:51,642
how something is made, how it comes into shape,
3988
03:22:51,643 --> 03:22:54,975
as process is not to be skated over.
3989
03:22:54,976 --> 03:22:56,809
The manner of what we make
3990
03:22:56,810 --> 03:22:58,976
defines us.
3991
03:22:59,933 --> 03:23:03,975
Music and your work.
3992
03:23:03,976 --> 03:23:06,559
Music occupies your life...
3993
03:23:06,560 --> 03:23:09,600
Yes. And you work to it.
3994
03:23:09,601 --> 03:23:13,225
And it was this wonderful piece
3995
03:23:13,226 --> 03:23:15,600
that I read where you talk about
3996
03:23:15,601 --> 03:23:20,100
the various musical moments that mattered to you
3997
03:23:20,101 --> 03:23:23,267
from Keith Jarret to Purcell
3998
03:23:23,268 --> 03:23:26,768
to the piece we're going to listen to if we could.
3999
03:23:49,933 --> 03:23:56,101
♪ ♪
4000
03:24:08,933 --> 03:24:12,933
♪ ♪
4001
03:24:33,893 --> 03:24:36,142
Ex Libris is available on DVD.
4002
03:24:36,143 --> 03:24:42,934
To order, visit Shop.PBS.or g or call 1-800-PLAY-PBS.
4003
03:24:47,933 --> 03:24:50,601
♪ ♪
4003
03:24:51,305 --> 03:25:51,208
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