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NARRATOR:
All around the planet,
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billions of animals
are on the move...
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00:00:15,080 --> 00:00:17,196
..making incredible journeys.
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00:00:19,440 --> 00:00:21,192
The most amazing of these...
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..are the smallest.
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00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:31,551
This series uses
the latest camera technology
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to follow six tiny animals on the
biggest adventures of their lives...
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..as they travel through
extraordinary landscapes...
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..where every little step counts.
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00:01:05,840 --> 00:01:10,277
In this episode, a pangolin
travels through a land of giants
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to seek a mate
in a protected forest.
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And in Brazil, a lion tamarin family
travel to the edge of their world
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and into a new future
for their species.
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The greatest adventures
are the smallest.
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00:01:50,400 --> 00:01:53,870
Taiwan is home to an animal
that inspired legends
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of underground dragons.
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But this is no scaly fire—breather.
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It's a Formosan pangolin.
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And as evening falls...
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..his journey is just beginning.
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At two years old,
he's the size of a pineapple.
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It's his first breeding season,
but timing is crucial.
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He must find a receptive female
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before peak season ends
in a few days' time.
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00:02:45,440 --> 00:02:48,637
He leaves his own distinct
scent markings,
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a calling card
for any prospective mate.
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And his sensitive nose
can detect female pheromones.
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His territory is a tiny patch
of forest half a mile wide.
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He hasn't found any sign
of another pangolin here,
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and so he must keep searching.
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To fuel his journey,
he needs food.
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Something has caught his attention.
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Black ants.
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00:03:59,320 --> 00:04:03,472
He needs to eat 80,000 ants a day
to bulk up.
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00:04:09,200 --> 00:04:12,351
But woodpiles are dangerous places
to root around.
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00:04:17,840 --> 00:04:20,513
A disturbed Taiwanese cobra
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can strike faster
than the blink of an eye.
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Flicking its tongue,
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the snake can taste
the pangolin's odour.
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00:04:52,760 --> 00:04:55,911
Just one drop of its venom
could kill a human.
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00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:04,120
But it would be a mistake
to try and bite a pangolin.
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00:05:08,240 --> 00:05:11,232
His body is covered
by snake—proof scales
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made of the same material
as a buffalo's horn.
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The scent of more ants
draws him upwards.
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Being snake—proof does come
with its disadvantages.
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His suit of armour is heavy.
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But it's not enough
to stop him from trying.
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His scales overlap
to give flexibility.
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He's primed for rapid feeding,
with a 40—centimetre tongue.
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Essential for tackling
cocktail ants —
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so called by the way they
cook their tail when alarmed.
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He laps them up by the dozen.
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The ants are quick to mobilise...
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..fighting back with vicious bites.
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He has flaps to protect his ears,
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but the ants are small enough
to exploit chinks in the armour.
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He's managed to snaffle
a few thousand ants...
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..but the attacks have become
too painful to bear.
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Time to retreat.
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00:07:54,360 --> 00:07:55,998
A nocturnal traveller,
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he must now journey into the unknown
in search of a mate.
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11,000 miles away,
on the opposite side of the world,
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in Brazil's Atlantic Forest...
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..dawn is breaking
for a family of tiny monkeys.
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Golden—headed lion tamarins.
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This female is six years old
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and around the size
of a milk bottle.
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She has made a home here
with her lifelong mate.
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00:08:39,040 --> 00:08:41,110
But they have
a giant responsibility.
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Three boys under two years old
and baby twins.
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A boy...
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..and a girl.
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They are no bigger
than the palm of a human hand.
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00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:06,749
Mum is struggling to provide
the milk that they need
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because the drying climate
has made fruit scarce.
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The twins must eat every two days,
or they could die of starvation.
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00:09:41,080 --> 00:09:45,756
Driven by hunger, the family must
travel quickly to find food.
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00:09:54,120 --> 00:09:57,192
Lion tamarins are canopy sprinters.
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With claws like running spikes,
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they dash along the branches,
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and their forelimbs
are like springs,
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boosting their momentum.
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They can cover large areas
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by sprinting in bursts
of 25 miles per hour.
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So scientists must use radio collars
to follow their journeys.
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00:10:29,800 --> 00:10:32,633
Weighed down with babies
a quarter of their weight,
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running is exhausting.
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They urgently need food.
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Black—necked aracari.
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00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:58,712
Birds have an aerial advantage
when it comes to spotting fruit.
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00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:03,877
They've revealed a hoard of figs.
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00:11:12,800 --> 00:11:15,155
She only needs to eat around 40
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if she is to get the calories
to produce milk today.
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But she can smell scent markings.
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She's trespassing into
someone else's territory.
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Another lion tamarin family.
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00:12:04,040 --> 00:12:05,678
With less food available,
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00:12:06,080 --> 00:12:09,038
lion tamarins are pushed
more into conflict.
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SQUEAKING
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The rivals' alarm calls are a sign
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that they have no intentions
of sharing,
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and with young babies in tow,
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it's too risky
for the family to stay.
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Mum has barely eaten enough,
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but at least she can feed the twins
with a little milk today.
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00:12:33,160 --> 00:12:36,357
If they don't get another meal
within the next two days,
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they could starve to death.
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That's not the only threat
they face right now.
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THUNDER ROLLS
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A storm is brewing.
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RAIN PA'I'I'ERS
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When it rains, the air temperature
plummets to ten degrees Celsius.
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THUNDER CRACKS, RAIN HISSES
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Hungry and drenched,
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the babies can't generate heat
fast enough.
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00:13:20,160 --> 00:13:23,596
Hypothermia is a major killer
of these tiny monkeys.
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THUNDER ROLLS
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But being 20 centimetres tall
does have advantages.
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You can hide
in the smallest spaces,
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00:13:40,200 --> 00:13:42,634
and the family huddle inside
to keep warm.
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00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:50,430
Four miles from their old home,
and hungry...
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00:13:51,480 --> 00:13:53,835
..but at least tonight,
they have somewhere to sleep.
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00:14:02,920 --> 00:14:08,631
In Taiwan, the pangolin is nearly
two miles beyond his territory,
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00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:11,118
with no sign of a female.
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00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:21,198
It's critical that he picks up
a scent within the next few days.
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00:14:21,960 --> 00:14:24,997
Very few will be receptive
so late in the season.
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00:14:28,840 --> 00:14:33,072
But his search has taken him
into a strange type of forest.
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00:14:46,800 --> 00:14:48,950
There are no trees to climb here.
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Bamboo.
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00:15:02,680 --> 00:15:05,148
The tallest grass in the world.
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00:15:07,280 --> 00:15:10,511
This species can grow a metre
in a day.
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00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:17,113
Here, it towers 20 metres high.
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00:15:26,720 --> 00:15:28,631
Row upon row...
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..mile upon mile.
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00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:38,438
It's easy to get lost.
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00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:51,519
This is a strange landscape —
a plantation created by humans.
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Monoculture.
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00:16:03,080 --> 00:16:05,196
Nothing but bamboo...
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00:16:10,760 --> 00:16:12,113
..except. ..
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00:16:12,200 --> 00:16:14,270
PANGOLIN SNIFFS
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..the faint scent of a female.
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00:16:35,360 --> 00:16:39,194
The scent has led him into an area
that has been left wild.
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00:16:57,440 --> 00:16:59,032
And there's a pangolin burrow.
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00:17:01,640 --> 00:17:02,914
PANGOLIN SNIFFS
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Something doesn't smell right.
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00:17:26,360 --> 00:17:28,476
RA'I'I'LING CALL
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00:17:32,480 --> 00:17:33,993
SQUEAKING CALL
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00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:42,148
A gem—faced civet.
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00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:55,519
Like a skunk,
it can release a stink when alarmed.
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00:17:59,120 --> 00:18:03,193
Not what you want when your sexual
prowess depends on smelling good.
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00:18:10,880 --> 00:18:13,758
While the pangolin
tries to sniff out a mate,
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00:18:13,840 --> 00:18:17,628
another animal here
employs a very different strategy.
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00:18:23,760 --> 00:18:24,988
Light.
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00:18:54,520 --> 00:18:58,798
56 species of firefly
are found in Taiwan.
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00:19:21,560 --> 00:19:25,872
Each with its own distinctive
sequence of flashes,
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all used for attracting a mate.
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00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:37,272
The presence of fireflies
is a sign of a healthy habitat.
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00:19:38,080 --> 00:19:41,277
If the pangolin continues
in this direction,
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00:19:41,360 --> 00:19:43,555
he might find more burrows.
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00:20:27,280 --> 00:20:29,999
As wild habitats
are turned to monoculture,
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00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:32,791
fireflies disappear,
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00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:35,952
and pangolins
find themselves more exposed...
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..to humans.
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00:20:53,320 --> 00:20:55,117
Another pangolin burrow.
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00:20:58,440 --> 00:21:00,351
This time, it's empty.
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00:21:03,920 --> 00:21:07,959
With dawn breaking,
at least it's a place to sleep.
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00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:22,156
The lion tamarins
have woken to a new dawn,
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00:21:22,720 --> 00:21:26,838
hungry, and far from the fruiting
trees that they once called home.
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Grooming reinforces the bonds
between Mum and Dad.
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Giant trees are the perfect place
to live,
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00:21:52,440 --> 00:21:54,510
full of hiding spaces,
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00:21:54,600 --> 00:21:58,275
and ahead, there's one of
the biggest trees that they've seen.
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00:22:04,240 --> 00:22:07,835
Its branches support
a rich garden of plants.
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00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:14,236
But the lion tamarins want
what might be hiding within.
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00:22:18,640 --> 00:22:20,870
They don't just eat fruit.
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00:22:20,960 --> 00:22:23,918
10% of their diet is prey.
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00:22:38,240 --> 00:22:42,392
Their extended fingers
are adapted to reach deep inside.
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00:22:59,160 --> 00:23:02,118
These grasshoppers
are the first proper meal
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that they've had in days.
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00:23:04,800 --> 00:23:06,677
It's an incredible feast.
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00:23:07,320 --> 00:23:09,311
But there's even better food here.
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00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:14,715
Frogs.
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00:23:16,000 --> 00:23:17,718
Concentrated protein.
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00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:27,072
Mum's got one.
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00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:31,954
And the whole family
are keen for a bite.
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00:23:40,640 --> 00:23:42,835
It's important that Mum eats first
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00:23:42,920 --> 00:23:45,593
and replenishes her energy
for making milk.
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00:23:58,720 --> 00:24:02,429
Even if the twins are keen
to try frog for themselves.
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00:24:30,200 --> 00:24:34,079
It's the baby's very first
taste of solid food.
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00:24:38,240 --> 00:24:40,595
This is the perfect home
for the family.
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00:24:42,600 --> 00:24:46,878
All the frogs they can eat, and no
other lion tamarins to compete with.
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00:24:52,480 --> 00:24:56,553
They could establish a new territory
of fruiting trees around it.
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00:25:03,120 --> 00:25:06,112
The future for the family
is looking bright.
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00:25:09,640 --> 00:25:12,359
With Mum and Dad relaxed,
they allow the male twin
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00:25:12,440 --> 00:25:15,318
to take his first steps
towards independence.
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00:25:25,440 --> 00:25:28,477
It's a big feat when you are
ten metres off the ground.
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00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:50,998
Two months old,
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00:25:51,440 --> 00:25:53,954
he's learning by copying
his older brothers.
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00:25:55,240 --> 00:25:58,835
But he's not ready to join in
on the play fighting just yet.
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00:25:58,960 --> 00:26:01,793
TAMARIN SQUEAKS
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00:26:09,080 --> 00:26:12,072
All the commotion
hasn't gone unnoticed.
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00:26:16,520 --> 00:26:21,435
On the forest floor,
predators hunt in the shadows.
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00:26:37,560 --> 00:26:38,959
An ocelot.
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00:26:41,720 --> 00:26:45,110
It's only twice the size
of a housecat.
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00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:49,159
But to the tiny primates,
it's a giant,
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00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:52,198
and could kill each of them
with a single bite.
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00:26:59,440 --> 00:27:03,115
The lion tamarins are unaware
of the danger approaching below.
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00:27:15,520 --> 00:27:20,275
The ocelot's speckled coat makes him
disappear amongst the undergrowth.
209
00:27:39,120 --> 00:27:42,430
His feet are six centimetres wide,
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00:27:42,520 --> 00:27:44,750
larger than a lion tamarin's head.
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00:27:46,440 --> 00:27:48,590
They allow him to tread stealthily.
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00:27:54,760 --> 00:27:57,718
And ocelots are agile enough
to hunt...
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00:27:59,440 --> 00:28:00,953
..in the trees.
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00:28:25,160 --> 00:28:26,559
Something isn't right.
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00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:31,230
TAMARIN CALLS
216
00:28:37,800 --> 00:28:39,119
He's been spotted.
217
00:28:40,720 --> 00:28:43,393
The family needs to abandon
the tree, quickly.
218
00:28:58,720 --> 00:29:02,110
For the ocelot,
it's not worth the chase.
219
00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:07,229
He's a night—time hunter.
220
00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:10,357
And this is his sleeping tree,
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00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:13,355
at the heart of his territory,
222
00:29:13,440 --> 00:29:15,829
three miles wide.
223
00:29:21,560 --> 00:29:24,358
The family must escape
from this area quickly.
224
00:29:25,000 --> 00:29:29,198
Come nightfall, the cat
will be back on the hunt.
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00:29:47,640 --> 00:29:52,430
In Taiwan, the daytime temperature
can reach the mid-303,
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00:29:53,120 --> 00:29:56,237
too uncomfortable
for a heavily armoured pangolin.
227
00:30:00,080 --> 00:30:04,039
He hides in the burrow,
where it's ten degrees cooler.
228
00:30:09,840 --> 00:30:13,469
As dusk approaches,
he can get back to his journey.
229
00:30:18,960 --> 00:30:22,396
Out there is the female
who dug this burrow,
230
00:30:23,080 --> 00:30:25,196
and her scent is growing stronger.
231
00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:28,911
He's entered an olive grove...
232
00:30:31,160 --> 00:30:34,436
..and is deep in a world
transformed by humans.
233
00:30:36,920 --> 00:30:39,115
He has never been so exposed.
234
00:30:44,920 --> 00:30:47,036
DOG BARKS IN DISTANCE
235
00:30:52,080 --> 00:30:56,119
In Taiwan, feral dogs
pose the biggest threat.
236
00:30:57,400 --> 00:31:01,757
One of the few animals able to bite
through the pangolin's armour.
237
00:31:02,120 --> 00:31:05,271
DOG BARKS IN DISTANCE
238
00:31:33,120 --> 00:31:35,475
Finally, a female.
239
00:31:52,360 --> 00:31:54,351
Instinct now takes over.
240
00:32:07,920 --> 00:32:10,115
Gently stroking her back,
241
00:32:10,200 --> 00:32:11,633
he seeks approval.
242
00:32:15,120 --> 00:32:18,795
SCALES SCRAPE AND RA'I'I'LE
243
00:32:21,080 --> 00:32:23,799
But the more he makes his advances,
244
00:32:23,880 --> 00:32:25,711
the tighter she curls up.
245
00:32:32,680 --> 00:32:34,352
She‘s not interested.
246
00:32:36,040 --> 00:32:38,759
A sign that she may already
be pregnant.
247
00:32:42,280 --> 00:32:43,679
He's too late.
248
00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:01,958
With time running out,
he must continue
249
00:33:02,400 --> 00:33:04,550
if he is to find another female.
250
00:33:11,320 --> 00:33:16,110
Fortunately, he's within reach
of a remarkable place.
251
00:33:18,800 --> 00:33:21,837
Taoist shrines are believed
to bestow good luck
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00:33:21,920 --> 00:33:24,275
upon all who pass,
253
00:33:24,360 --> 00:33:27,670
and they are often found close
to a protected forest
254
00:33:27,760 --> 00:33:29,751
where pangolins thrive.
255
00:33:36,360 --> 00:33:41,195
In Brazil, the lion tamarins
have spent the last five days
256
00:33:41,280 --> 00:33:43,635
jumping between thousands of trees.
257
00:33:49,920 --> 00:33:53,959
But they have yet to find
anywhere safe with enough food
258
00:33:54,040 --> 00:33:55,359
to make a home.
259
00:34:03,640 --> 00:34:07,838
Suddenly, something that
they have never seen before.
260
00:34:09,160 --> 00:34:11,037
A break in the tree cover.
261
00:34:14,800 --> 00:34:16,870
ENGINES RUMBLE
262
00:34:18,120 --> 00:34:19,394
A road.
263
00:34:23,720 --> 00:34:26,996
Here, they are more exposed
to aerial threats.
264
00:34:29,720 --> 00:34:31,950
A monkey—eating harpy eagle.
265
00:34:32,080 --> 00:34:33,229
EAGLE CRIES
266
00:34:33,320 --> 00:34:35,709
15 times heavier
than a lion tamarin.
267
00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:41,554
With nightfall fast approaching,
268
00:34:41,640 --> 00:34:43,790
the family can't turn back.
269
00:34:43,880 --> 00:34:45,791
They must find a way to cross.
270
00:34:56,200 --> 00:34:59,192
The gap here is ten metres wide.
271
00:34:59,480 --> 00:35:00,959
Too far to jump.
272
00:35:16,880 --> 00:35:18,916
They aren't the only ones
stuck here.
273
00:35:20,400 --> 00:35:21,879
A sloth.
274
00:35:35,920 --> 00:35:40,516
This overhanging tree
could be the family's only way over.
275
00:35:45,280 --> 00:35:48,158
An aerial attack
can come from anywhere.
276
00:35:53,480 --> 00:35:56,552
Mum goes first, risking it alone.
277
00:35:59,640 --> 00:36:00,834
She's made it.
278
00:36:01,640 --> 00:36:07,158
Five metres in a single bound —
ten times her own body length.
279
00:36:08,840 --> 00:36:11,400
The rest of the family must follow.
280
00:36:11,760 --> 00:36:13,159
Five have made it.
281
00:36:15,080 --> 00:36:16,718
Two to go.
282
00:36:29,960 --> 00:36:31,996
The eagle's caught something.
283
00:36:37,520 --> 00:36:39,033
It's a sloth.
284
00:36:43,200 --> 00:36:45,953
All the family are accounted for.
285
00:36:52,160 --> 00:36:54,469
CAR APPROACHES IN DISTANCE
286
00:36:54,560 --> 00:36:57,916
They continue their journey
for just over a mile...
287
00:36:59,280 --> 00:37:02,431
..until, suddenly,
their path is blocked again.
288
00:37:07,720 --> 00:37:10,996
Having spent their entire life
surrounded by trees,
289
00:37:11,080 --> 00:37:13,389
they've reached the edge
of the forest.
290
00:37:17,160 --> 00:37:19,071
Beyond is human territory.
291
00:37:20,240 --> 00:37:21,434
A farm.
292
00:37:26,280 --> 00:37:30,876
The lion tamarins are trapped within
one of the few remaining patches
293
00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:34,157
of the once—vast Atlantic Forest.
294
00:37:37,680 --> 00:37:40,353
Today, only 12% remains.
295
00:37:45,880 --> 00:37:48,155
They travel along the forest edge.
296
00:38:00,680 --> 00:38:02,318
There's nothing for them out there.
297
00:38:03,560 --> 00:38:05,949
It's a dead end for the family.
298
00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:24,031
When forest fragments
become too small,
299
00:38:24,120 --> 00:38:27,590
there's not enough food to sustain
a healthy population of animals.
300
00:38:29,560 --> 00:38:32,836
The whole ecosystem
begins to collapse.
301
00:38:37,840 --> 00:38:41,355
It's the end of five days
searching for a new home...
302
00:38:45,160 --> 00:38:49,551
..and the tamarins' future
seems as uncertain as ever.
303
00:38:56,040 --> 00:38:57,553
For the pangolin,
304
00:38:57,640 --> 00:39:01,110
it's now coming towards
the end of the breeding season.
305
00:39:03,520 --> 00:39:07,149
He's crossing the boundary
into a protected forest,
306
00:39:07,240 --> 00:39:11,199
one of the thousands
scattered across Taiwan,
307
00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:14,716
covering nearly 20% of the island.
308
00:39:17,160 --> 00:39:19,276
SOFT GRUNTING
309
00:39:25,760 --> 00:39:28,877
Here, dogs are kept out.
310
00:39:36,440 --> 00:39:38,078
Reserves like this are home
311
00:39:38,160 --> 00:39:41,755
to the world's densest population
of pangolins.
312
00:39:42,200 --> 00:39:45,556
As many as 25 in a square mile.
313
00:39:48,360 --> 00:39:49,952
Before he continues,
314
00:39:50,640 --> 00:39:53,996
he needs to find food
and replenish his energy.
315
00:40:00,800 --> 00:40:02,313
Termites.
316
00:40:03,080 --> 00:40:05,036
Packed with protein.
317
00:40:35,760 --> 00:40:38,274
He isn't the only one that's hungry.
318
00:40:41,960 --> 00:40:45,316
HEAVY PANTING
319
00:40:48,360 --> 00:40:50,078
A moon bear.
320
00:40:50,840 --> 00:40:53,149
Taiwan's largest carnivore,
321
00:40:53,680 --> 00:40:56,592
30 times bigger than a pangolin.
322
00:41:01,280 --> 00:41:03,032
LOW GROWL
323
00:41:07,200 --> 00:41:10,397
They usually live high
in the mountains,
324
00:41:10,480 --> 00:41:14,075
but in the spring, these bears
travel down to lower slopes
325
00:41:14,160 --> 00:41:15,718
to seek food.
326
00:41:17,880 --> 00:41:20,599
BEAR SNIFFS
327
00:41:27,200 --> 00:41:30,078
Built for ripping apart trees
328
00:41:30,160 --> 00:41:34,790
with powerful muscles
and five—centimetre—Iong claws.
329
00:41:40,920 --> 00:41:44,674
It could crunch a pangolin
in one bite.
330
00:41:47,720 --> 00:41:50,632
It isn't going to give up
without a meal.
331
00:41:58,880 --> 00:42:01,758
The pangolin takes his chance
to get away.
332
00:42:04,360 --> 00:42:07,477
Luckily, it's not him
that the bear is after.
333
00:42:10,920 --> 00:42:12,273
It's the termites.
334
00:42:20,160 --> 00:42:23,630
He needs to find a meal
that the bear can't reach.
335
00:42:29,880 --> 00:42:33,031
Cocktail ants...again.
336
00:43:01,640 --> 00:43:03,278
There's only one scent
337
00:43:03,360 --> 00:43:06,033
that can entice a young male
away from food.
338
00:43:08,120 --> 00:43:11,112
The pheromones of a female.
339
00:43:13,520 --> 00:43:15,397
This could be his chance.
340
00:43:26,160 --> 00:43:28,276
FOREST FLOOR RUSTLES
341
00:43:28,360 --> 00:43:32,433
She is in the last few days
of her reproductive cycle.
342
00:43:33,680 --> 00:43:36,513
Soon she will be unable
to get pregnant.
343
00:43:42,040 --> 00:43:46,511
The final stage of his journey
is now led by this female.
344
00:43:50,600 --> 00:43:51,874
It's a good sign.
345
00:43:55,360 --> 00:43:58,796
They travel hour after hour
through the night.
346
00:44:07,640 --> 00:44:09,835
He has proved himself worthy.
347
00:44:23,560 --> 00:44:27,075
Mating in a suit of armour
isn't easy.
348
00:44:30,720 --> 00:44:34,235
Finding the right angle
could take until morning.
349
00:44:42,720 --> 00:44:46,759
His first great journey
is a success —
350
00:44:46,840 --> 00:44:48,239
he's found a mate.
351
00:44:58,000 --> 00:45:01,037
And safe in this protected forest,
352
00:45:01,120 --> 00:45:05,432
he can help to ensure
the survival of his species.
353
00:45:13,360 --> 00:45:14,952
It's morning in Brazil.
354
00:45:15,040 --> 00:45:18,112
BIRDSONG
355
00:45:18,200 --> 00:45:22,637
The lion tamarins are still
travelling along the forest edge...
356
00:45:26,080 --> 00:45:28,753
..and now they are being watched.
357
00:45:40,560 --> 00:45:43,916
Mum isn't sure
what to make of these monkeys.
358
00:45:50,080 --> 00:45:53,550
HIGH PITCHED SQUEAKING
359
00:45:58,280 --> 00:46:01,556
These are Wied's marmosets.
360
00:46:02,680 --> 00:46:05,319
A distant cousin of lion tamarins.
361
00:46:07,600 --> 00:46:10,512
Remarkably, they speak
a similar language
362
00:46:10,600 --> 00:46:12,477
and can understand each other.
363
00:46:16,680 --> 00:46:20,070
They, too, are homeless
and have babies to feed.
364
00:46:21,360 --> 00:46:26,195
It gives them a unique opportunity
to join forces.
365
00:46:38,360 --> 00:46:40,954
The lion tamarins
take the high branches
366
00:46:41,040 --> 00:46:43,349
and keep watch for aerial threats.
367
00:46:44,360 --> 00:46:47,158
SHRILL CRY
368
00:46:49,840 --> 00:46:54,675
The marmosets keep an eye out down
below for predators on the prowl.
369
00:47:01,840 --> 00:47:03,717
One has spotted an agouti...
370
00:47:05,400 --> 00:47:07,152
..a giant rodent,
371
00:47:07,240 --> 00:47:10,232
three times bigger
than a lion tamarin.
372
00:47:12,200 --> 00:47:14,794
It searches for food
like a sniffer dog
373
00:47:14,880 --> 00:47:18,156
and stores nuts in the ground
like a squirrel.
374
00:47:26,640 --> 00:47:28,790
Both families follow it,
375
00:47:28,880 --> 00:47:31,235
watching where it stores its stash.
376
00:47:35,520 --> 00:47:39,229
The agouti has led them
to a new world of opportunity.
377
00:47:48,680 --> 00:47:51,319
A place of strange plants...
378
00:47:53,120 --> 00:47:56,476
..and huge colourful fruits.
379
00:47:59,720 --> 00:48:01,073
A cocoa pod...
380
00:48:02,280 --> 00:48:06,637
..with enough cocoa beans
to feed a lion tamarin for a day.
381
00:48:18,800 --> 00:48:22,509
This is a territory
with plenty of food to go around.
382
00:48:36,880 --> 00:48:38,791
As they travel further,
383
00:48:38,880 --> 00:48:42,429
they discover the most
remarkable fruit of all.
384
00:48:45,080 --> 00:48:48,072
The biggest of any tree on earth.
385
00:48:51,400 --> 00:48:54,119
This is jackfruit.
386
00:48:58,320 --> 00:49:01,118
It's as big as a basketball
387
00:49:01,200 --> 00:49:04,988
and five times bigger
than a lion tamarin.
388
00:49:09,000 --> 00:49:12,993
The fruit on a single tree
is packed with enough calories
389
00:49:13,080 --> 00:49:18,552
to feed 6,000 golden—headed
lion tamarins for the day.
390
00:49:20,160 --> 00:49:22,754
The entire world population.
391
00:49:27,800 --> 00:49:29,870
SQUEAKING
392
00:49:33,680 --> 00:49:37,036
The family have made it
to a kabruka,
393
00:49:37,120 --> 00:49:40,590
a place where people sustainably
grow fruit
394
00:49:40,680 --> 00:49:43,035
in the shade of giant native trees.
395
00:49:50,080 --> 00:49:53,834
And every year,
thousands of new trees are planted
396
00:49:53,920 --> 00:49:58,198
to connect and restore
dying forest fragments.
397
00:50:07,520 --> 00:50:10,159
Kabrukas like this are a sanctuary
398
00:50:10,240 --> 00:50:13,232
for almost every
golden—headed lion tamarin.
399
00:50:14,720 --> 00:50:18,554
Here, they grow bigger, healthier,
400
00:50:18,640 --> 00:50:20,198
and produce more babies.
401
00:50:22,960 --> 00:50:24,678
SOFT SQUEAKING
402
00:50:26,480 --> 00:50:30,996
The family have discovered a new
home on the edge of their world
403
00:50:32,120 --> 00:50:34,839
where they will never
go hungry again.
404
00:50:54,040 --> 00:50:55,519
To film tiny animals,
405
00:50:55,600 --> 00:50:58,910
Big Little Journeys needed the help
of scientists and local people
406
00:50:59,000 --> 00:51:01,389
working at the forefront
of conservation.
407
00:51:06,480 --> 00:51:08,436
Wow.
— Oh, wow!
408
00:51:08,520 --> 00:51:11,557
NARRATOR: In Taiwan,
the team work with Dr Nick Sun,
409
00:51:11,640 --> 00:51:13,870
who has tracked
critically endangered pangolins
410
00:51:13,960 --> 00:51:15,439
for the past decade.
411
00:51:15,520 --> 00:51:17,715
When she walks away? OK. OK.
— Yeah.
412
00:51:23,200 --> 00:51:24,918
NARRATOR:
Nick gives the team an opportunity
413
00:51:25,000 --> 00:51:27,594
to get a pangolin's—eye view
of the world,
414
00:51:27,680 --> 00:51:29,671
and it's one that's full of danger.
415
00:51:33,000 --> 00:51:36,788
Globally, 300,000 pangolins
are poached every year
416
00:51:36,880 --> 00:51:39,348
for their meat and scales.
417
00:51:39,440 --> 00:51:42,830
Only in Taiwan
is their population stable,
418
00:51:42,920 --> 00:51:45,275
but they still face
very real threats.
419
00:51:54,920 --> 00:51:58,993
Pangolins are animals
that I've wanted to film for years,
420
00:51:59,080 --> 00:52:03,392
and then you come to a rescue centre
and you see the reality.
421
00:52:04,680 --> 00:52:06,636
NARRATOR:
But it's not all bad news.
422
00:52:06,760 --> 00:52:09,991
Nick is preparing to release
a young rescued male.
423
00:52:11,880 --> 00:52:14,474
His return to the wild
gives the team an opportunity
424
00:52:14,560 --> 00:52:17,950
to closely film the behaviour
of this elusive species.
425
00:52:22,520 --> 00:52:25,239
To monitor the progress
of released individuals,
426
00:52:25,320 --> 00:52:28,278
Nick and his team
conduct regular examinations.
427
00:52:33,240 --> 00:52:37,199
It's thanks to the rescue centre,
that are giving these charming,
428
00:52:37,280 --> 00:52:40,317
rare, incredible animals
a chance in nature.
429
00:52:40,400 --> 00:52:42,550
I think we all should be
very, very pleased
430
00:52:42,640 --> 00:52:44,710
that people like Nick are out there,
431
00:52:44,800 --> 00:52:46,756
fighting to protect
the natural world.
432
00:52:49,640 --> 00:52:52,757
NARRATOR: The camera crew are preparing
to film the pangolin's first steps
433
00:52:52,840 --> 00:52:54,319
back into the wild.
434
00:53:29,640 --> 00:53:32,791
11,000 miles away in Brazil,
435
00:53:32,880 --> 00:53:35,348
the team are filming
an animal harder to follow —
436
00:53:36,440 --> 00:53:40,149
a family of
golden—headed lion tamarins.
437
00:53:40,280 --> 00:53:42,111
They really go when they want to.
438
00:53:42,200 --> 00:53:43,792
For them,
they're not travelling far.
439
00:53:43,880 --> 00:53:45,791
They're just jumping between trees.
440
00:53:46,200 --> 00:53:49,237
But for the crew, we're walking up
and down very steep slopes,
441
00:53:49,320 --> 00:53:51,038
very tangled terrain.
442
00:53:52,280 --> 00:53:56,876
They are super small for a primate
and very fast.
443
00:53:56,960 --> 00:54:00,032
You have to imagine
the face of a tamarin
444
00:54:00,120 --> 00:54:03,192
is maybe the size
of a polar bear's nose.
445
00:54:03,280 --> 00:54:05,350
HE LAUGHS
446
00:54:06,080 --> 00:54:09,311
So keeping that in focus
while they're moving is very tricky.
447
00:54:11,480 --> 00:54:14,153
NARRATOR: Keeping up with them
is only possible because of the work
448
00:54:14,240 --> 00:54:18,279
of conservationist Joanison Vicente
and his team,
449
00:54:18,360 --> 00:54:21,033
who are using radio collars
to track their movements.
450
00:54:30,640 --> 00:54:32,312
SHRILL SQUEAKING
451
00:54:34,840 --> 00:54:38,389
NARRATOR: 88% of the Atlantic Forest
has been cut down,
452
00:54:38,480 --> 00:54:40,675
so understanding
how lion tamarins travel
453
00:54:40,880 --> 00:54:43,030
is essential for their conservation.
454
00:54:51,200 --> 00:54:53,031
ELSA:
It's been little journeys for them.
455
00:54:53,120 --> 00:54:55,588
They're just pinging across the top
of the trees,
456
00:54:55,680 --> 00:54:57,193
but they've kept us on our toes.
457
00:54:57,920 --> 00:54:59,478
Come on, let's follow.
458
00:55:07,920 --> 00:55:11,799
NARRATOR: In Taiwan, the team
are filming in a thick bamboo forest.
459
00:55:13,960 --> 00:55:17,953
I'm hoping the pangolin isn't
just going to run away from us
460
00:55:18,040 --> 00:55:20,474
because it's quite difficult
to move around in here.
461
00:55:23,760 --> 00:55:26,558
We've just got to work really calmly
because we can't startle him.
462
00:55:26,640 --> 00:55:28,915
If we do, he'll just roll up
into a ball.
463
00:55:31,400 --> 00:55:33,709
NARRATOR: It's not just working
at a pangolin's pace
464
00:55:33,800 --> 00:55:36,758
that makes filming a challenge,
it's also the weather.
465
00:55:36,840 --> 00:55:38,512
THUNDER ROLLS
466
00:55:40,320 --> 00:55:43,278
It's a bit soggy now.
I'm feeling a bit soggy now.
467
00:55:43,360 --> 00:55:44,634
Don't worry!
468
00:55:45,560 --> 00:55:47,869
We only have a very narrow
period of time
469
00:55:47,960 --> 00:55:51,509
where it's light enough to film
and the pangolin is awake.
470
00:56:04,080 --> 00:56:08,278
In Brazil, the lion tamarins
lead the team to a kabruka.
471
00:56:11,200 --> 00:56:13,634
Here, local farmers
use traditional techniques
472
00:56:13,720 --> 00:56:15,597
to grow shade—loving crops
473
00:56:15,680 --> 00:56:19,036
whilst preserving
the natural habitat for wildlife...
474
00:56:20,000 --> 00:56:22,389
..but Joanison has other ambitions.
475
00:56:40,280 --> 00:56:43,158
NARRATOR: As the lion tamarins
settle into their new home,
476
00:56:43,240 --> 00:56:45,959
the team switch
to remote—controlled cameras.
477
00:56:50,520 --> 00:56:53,114
ELSA: Each night they're coming back
to sleep in tree hollows.
478
00:56:53,200 --> 00:56:55,714
We've found that most nights
they're sleeping in the same one,
479
00:56:55,800 --> 00:56:57,279
but sometimes they do catch us out.
480
00:56:59,240 --> 00:57:00,958
NARRATOR: With the support
of local communities,
481
00:57:01,040 --> 00:57:04,794
the future is looking brighter
for golden—headed lion tamarins.
482
00:57:10,200 --> 00:57:14,830
In Taiwan, the team's time filming
pangolins is coming to an end.
483
00:57:19,080 --> 00:57:22,356
But by using camera traps
and attaching a tag,
484
00:57:22,440 --> 00:57:25,193
Nick can continue
to monitor his behaviour.
485
00:57:34,800 --> 00:57:38,031
Pangolins are the most trafficked
mammal on earth,
486
00:57:38,120 --> 00:57:41,157
so every release is a victory.
487
00:57:41,240 --> 00:57:43,993
PAUL: There is hope for many of these
endangered species.
488
00:57:44,080 --> 00:57:47,356
All it needs is passionate people
who want to make a difference.
489
00:57:50,240 --> 00:57:51,639
Bye—bye!
490
00:57:53,240 --> 00:57:56,755
There's people like Nick
that are really helping to ensure
491
00:57:56,840 --> 00:57:58,876
that these amazing creatures
492
00:57:59,640 --> 00:58:02,757
live out here in the world
that they belong in,
493
00:58:02,840 --> 00:58:05,832
so, yeah, it's amazing to see.38521
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