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1
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I have no information
from anyone in space.
2
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I mean, this is important.
3
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Ground Leader checking in.
4
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I was directly told that we cannot
land on Mars before we do a med check.
5
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Meteor shower incoming!
6
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We have a meteor shower!
7
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CAPCOM, come in.
8
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Guys, just stay calm. We believe the
orbiter can survive the meteor shower.
9
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I believe we have a leak.
10
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OK, pressure's going down. This is bad.
11
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What do we do?
12
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Get them out of here!
13
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No! Oh my god!
14
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Throw them in the FEMA hallway!
15
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Moderate cabin pressure
onboard the Station.
16
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Cabin leak check. Losing air pressure.
17
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Are we dead?
18
00:01:03,146 --> 00:01:04,106
Are we OK?
19
00:01:04,940 --> 00:01:05,983
All in a day's work!
20
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Space for me is one of the things
that defines me most, I think.
21
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It really is a central part of who I am.
22
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I am a space nerd.
23
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Yeah, I would say that I am a space nerd!
24
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I am the biggest space nerd
of all the space nerds ever.
25
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It may not look like it, but I am.
26
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Because space is space and it's awesome.
27
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- Up here we may be slightly...- OK, stand by.
28
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We have you go for orbit.You're go for orbit.
29
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When we look at the night sky, we think
30
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"Are there any planets out there
that are possible homes for humanity?"
31
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The spacecraft almost seemedto grow stronger as the days went by.
32
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Going to Mars will foster
an entire revolution
33
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in how people think abouthow they will invest their brain energy
34
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in their lives and in their careers.
35
00:02:01,330 --> 00:02:04,458
By the way, this next generation wants
to do it because they know it's cool.
36
00:02:04,541 --> 00:02:07,044
Go for landing, 3,000 feet.
37
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You're looking great,so we know it will be a good flight.
38
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Astronauts report it feels good.
39
00:02:12,966 --> 00:02:14,593
It's been over 50 years
40
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since we've donesomething significant like this.
41
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Having a man, or woman, walk on Mars
42
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is just the most badass thought
in my mind.
43
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Liftoff.
44
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I think Mars is an interesting planet
45
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and it would be fascinating
to do science there.
46
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We just had word from Houston
47
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we're ready to have you get outwhenever you're ready.
48
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OK, we've got our go now.Is that right?
49
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Affirmative.
50
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This is where peopleare going to live, on another planet,
51
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close enough to get there in under a year.
52
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So yes, it's dangerous!
Yes, it's never been attempted.
53
00:02:50,754 --> 00:02:52,297
Yes, you're probably gonna die.
54
00:02:53,090 --> 00:02:55,384
But you can do it still.
55
00:02:55,467 --> 00:02:57,094
How you doing,Mission Control?
56
00:02:57,177 --> 00:02:59,638
- Good.- Telcom? Guidance, happy?
57
00:02:59,721 --> 00:03:01,181
- Go!- Final go!
58
00:03:01,264 --> 00:03:04,976
2,000 feet. 2,000 feet.Into the air, 47 degrees.
59
00:03:05,060 --> 00:03:06,186
Roger.
60
00:03:06,269 --> 00:03:08,146
Does anyone regret going to the Moon?
61
00:03:08,230 --> 00:03:11,108
Does anyone who lived in the 60s say,"What a waste of time,
62
00:03:11,191 --> 00:03:14,236
I wish we hadn't done that."?
No. Going to the Moon was awesome.
63
00:03:14,319 --> 00:03:16,947
Everyone's happy we went to the Moon!
Mars is even cooler.
64
00:03:17,030 --> 00:03:20,075
Mariner is the spacecraft.Mars is the destination.
65
00:03:20,992 --> 00:03:25,080
Americans could once again look up towards their future with faith
66
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and with confidence.
67
00:03:26,790 --> 00:03:30,377
We're focused on Mars.
That's NASA's ultimate goal.
68
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To lead other nations,and particularly ourselves,
69
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with humans to Mars.
70
00:03:36,258 --> 00:03:39,428
The retrograde rocketswill be tested in space.
71
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The antenna housingwill transmit telemetry.
72
00:03:43,140 --> 00:03:46,685
Ever since I was little,I've always had a passion for space.
73
00:03:47,269 --> 00:03:51,732
It would be so amazing just to see
the Martian surface with my own eyes.
74
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T minus 25 seconds.
75
00:03:54,317 --> 00:03:57,195
We will go to Mars.
Let's go out there and explore.
76
00:03:57,279 --> 00:04:00,157
Let's make discoveries.
Let's change the world.
77
00:04:10,500 --> 00:04:13,587
- Is this the PCS right here?- OK, the L Cone...
78
00:04:13,670 --> 00:04:15,589
A couple of things you need to know.
79
00:04:15,672 --> 00:04:19,801
When the launch happens going to Mars,what are we going to say to the press?
80
00:04:19,885 --> 00:04:22,053
I mean, I'm sure Neil Armstronghad a ton of time
81
00:04:22,137 --> 00:04:23,972
to think what his first words would be.
82
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I know what I would say.
What do we want?
83
00:04:26,141 --> 00:04:27,392
Oranges.
84
00:04:27,476 --> 00:04:29,186
When do we want we want them? Oranges!
85
00:04:29,269 --> 00:04:31,313
Fantastic.
That's a great monologue.
86
00:04:31,396 --> 00:04:34,191
However, we're going to transition
to practicing your checklists now.
87
00:04:34,274 --> 00:04:36,568
Everybody has a checklist
that was either on their seat
88
00:04:36,651 --> 00:04:38,069
or around their space.
89
00:04:38,153 --> 00:04:39,321
It's under your suits.
90
00:04:39,404 --> 00:04:42,491
It's what happens when you start
before the mission starts.
91
00:04:43,241 --> 00:04:47,496
Coming to Space Camp
is the closest I can really get to space,
92
00:04:47,579 --> 00:04:50,207
at least emotionally and psychologically.
93
00:04:50,290 --> 00:04:52,542
7A on.
94
00:04:52,626 --> 00:04:54,044
Do you guys feel good?
95
00:04:54,127 --> 00:04:55,212
C auto.
96
00:04:56,963 --> 00:04:58,757
Tank 9. Reset.
97
00:04:59,424 --> 00:05:01,301
This is the suiting up process.
98
00:05:01,384 --> 00:05:02,803
We'll transition over.
99
00:05:02,886 --> 00:05:04,095
Grab the book. You got it?
100
00:05:04,179 --> 00:05:05,931
If people want tocall me a space nerd,
101
00:05:06,014 --> 00:05:07,098
they can call me a space nerd.
102
00:05:07,182 --> 00:05:09,351
And I'll say "Yeah, so what do youwant to know about space?
103
00:05:09,434 --> 00:05:12,729
You want to knowabout SRBs, egress, ECLSS?"
104
00:05:12,813 --> 00:05:14,231
And they'll be like "What?"
105
00:05:14,314 --> 00:05:17,317
And I'll be like "So, wait, which one
did you want to know about?
106
00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:19,361
Cause I can give you at least five,
107
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maybe ten minutes of conversation
for each one.
108
00:05:22,572 --> 00:05:23,657
Come at me, bro!"
109
00:05:23,740 --> 00:05:25,742
-Let me out of this.
-Come on, Josh!
110
00:05:25,826 --> 00:05:30,747
Today, we were the first group ever
to test out this new Mars Mission.
111
00:05:30,831 --> 00:05:33,041
This mission is a futuristic mission,
112
00:05:33,124 --> 00:05:35,460
obviously, because we haven't
gone to Mars at this point.
113
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This is MEB, the Mars Elysium Base.
114
00:05:37,629 --> 00:05:40,674
And this base has been delivered
to Mars already
115
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with all the gear that you guys
are gonna need to set it up, OK?
116
00:05:44,678 --> 00:05:49,015
The Mars Mission is somethingthat they've had in R&D for a while.
117
00:05:49,099 --> 00:05:54,563
It's exhilarating, the fact that
we are simulating a mission to Mars.
118
00:05:54,646 --> 00:05:56,606
You got your guy out there. Pull it up.
119
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We are training to go to Mars.
120
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We know that there will be problemsbecause it is dangerous.
121
00:06:02,320 --> 00:06:06,700
We need to have the simulator
as close to a nominal mission as possible.
122
00:06:07,742 --> 00:06:09,119
This is gonna be intense!
123
00:06:10,370 --> 00:06:13,748
Space Camp was designed
to simulate the peak of NASA.
124
00:06:14,583 --> 00:06:18,128
This is cool! Woah!
125
00:06:18,211 --> 00:06:21,798
Here at Space Camp,we learn a lot about space history
126
00:06:21,881 --> 00:06:24,134
and what it will be liketo be an astronaut.
127
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All of the simulators here,
NASA has been recruited to help design.
128
00:06:28,430 --> 00:06:32,434
So, they're as close as we can getto what the astronauts actually use.
129
00:06:35,270 --> 00:06:36,771
Oh my God!
130
00:06:40,567 --> 00:06:42,694
This is my third year at Space Camp.
131
00:06:42,777 --> 00:06:45,614
I said, "I'm going to
apply for a scholarship,"
132
00:06:45,697 --> 00:06:48,825
because being an astronaut issomething I don't want to give up on.
133
00:06:48,908 --> 00:06:50,660
I'm going up whether I want to or not!
134
00:06:50,744 --> 00:06:52,537
I had to get three lettersof recommendation,
135
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I had to write two essays,
136
00:06:54,956 --> 00:06:56,374
and I had to do a science experiment
137
00:06:56,458 --> 00:06:58,710
and break it down
in the scientific method.
138
00:06:59,794 --> 00:07:01,630
Oh! Good job, Victoria!
139
00:07:02,964 --> 00:07:05,508
I believe thatthe people who come here
140
00:07:05,592 --> 00:07:09,054
are the future of the space program.
141
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It's really giving us an education
142
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on how to be a person
who works with space on a daily basis.
143
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When I grow up, I would like to be
CAPCOM for NASA.
144
00:07:20,565 --> 00:07:23,568
-I want to become a mission specialist.
-Be a machine toolist.
145
00:07:23,652 --> 00:07:24,819
I want to be an engineer.
146
00:07:24,903 --> 00:07:25,946
Aerospace engineer.
147
00:07:26,029 --> 00:07:31,868
It would be amazing to construct engines
for a mission to Mars.
148
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When you enter the base
and turn on the emergency power,
149
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it turns to red lighting.
150
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That's what we're wanting...
151
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The base that they've designedup there is fascinating.
152
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The base is all powered down.
153
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They have to turn on
the communications array,
154
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set up the solar panels,set up all of the ECLSS systems,
155
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and also set up a greenhouse
156
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because somebody
might want to eat up there.
157
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- Activate the power.
- Hey, guys. The hydro popo is in here.
158
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The fact that peopleare now even teaching children,
159
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16 year-olds, 15 year-olds,
160
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saying, "Hey, we're going to Mars"and simulating how it would work out,
161
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means they'll grow up and we'll grow up
to believe: hey, we're going to Mars.
162
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So let's go to Mars.
163
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I'll go there in a minute.
164
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Well, good luck.
165
00:08:22,043 --> 00:08:24,295
Of all the planets in the solar system,
166
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Earth and Mars, the third and fourthplanets from the Sun,
167
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are the most similar.
168
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But despite the similarities,Mars is essentially like no other planet.
169
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One of the greatest allures of Mars is that Mars is nearby.
170
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Mars is a planet,
and it's a planet with potential.
171
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It once had water. It once had oceans.
172
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Surely, we tell ourselves,
it once had life.
173
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Science fiction writers populated the cities
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with terrible creatures of heroic size,with skills beyond earthman's dreams.
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This is a place that touches usin a very basic way.
176
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Another thing is thatit's always had the power
177
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to scare the daylights out of us.
178
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It was always the blood red worldthat was just nearby,
179
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that, through telescopes,appeared to have canals,
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which presumed peopleor some kind of organisms.
181
00:09:25,690 --> 00:09:30,487
And since the only model we knowfor intelligent organisms
182
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is organisms that eventually try tograb land and resources and go to war,
183
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Mars used to frighten us.
184
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Welcome to Mars.
185
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There's a whole endless stringof movies and television shows and stories
186
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about aliens, alien life.
187
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Now, this is the plan:get your ass to Mars.
188
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When people hear the word "Mars",
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they think of science fiction,of geeks talking about Martians and Mars.
190
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And as soon as we go there
and there's humans there, that changes.
191
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This is not science fiction.
This is now something we do.
192
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This is part of life. This is real.
193
00:10:06,147 --> 00:10:09,275
I had no idea that The Martian
would have mainstream appeal.
194
00:10:09,359 --> 00:10:10,777
It never even occurred to me.
195
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I thought I was writing it for this tiny
niche audience of hardcore space dorks.
196
00:10:18,284 --> 00:10:21,746
We fell in love with Marsa long, long time ago
197
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and our goal now is to be a part of Mars,
is to live on Mars.
198
00:10:27,252 --> 00:10:29,879
Doing something as hardas going to Mars doesn't just happen.
199
00:10:29,963 --> 00:10:31,923
You need like a perfect storm
in many ways.
200
00:10:32,006 --> 00:10:34,926
You need the right moment
with the right funding,
201
00:10:35,009 --> 00:10:37,554
with the right people or person.
202
00:10:46,020 --> 00:10:48,773
Wernher von Braunis a famous German scientist
203
00:10:48,857 --> 00:10:53,528
and he took these ideasabout how to operate liquid-fueled rockets
204
00:10:53,611 --> 00:10:56,948
and he made these extraordinary spacecraft
205
00:10:57,031 --> 00:10:59,242
that went on to put humans on the Moon.
206
00:11:01,452 --> 00:11:03,580
Wernher von Braun,when he designed
207
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and built the Apollo program,
208
00:11:05,415 --> 00:11:09,294
in the back of his mind already,
he was way past Apollo.
209
00:11:09,377 --> 00:11:12,046
He and his team were talking about:
how do we get to Mars?
210
00:11:15,425 --> 00:11:19,262
We knew that the city of Huntsville
was solidly behind us,
211
00:11:19,345 --> 00:11:21,598
and with your continued support
212
00:11:21,681 --> 00:11:26,019
I will see you back in orbit
with that new space station,
213
00:11:26,102 --> 00:11:29,397
to which we will all ride
in the reusable launch vehicle,
214
00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:31,858
and maybe one day
we'll have a man on Mars.
215
00:11:31,941 --> 00:11:32,775
Thank you.
216
00:11:50,501 --> 00:11:52,003
Von Braun was a Nazi.
217
00:11:52,086 --> 00:11:54,088
Von Braun was in the SS,
218
00:11:54,172 --> 00:11:57,050
which is the dreaded element
of the Nazi party.
219
00:11:57,133 --> 00:12:01,471
And von Braun wasHitler's top weapons maker.
220
00:12:02,639 --> 00:12:06,559
From a man who helda dark and hateful cause,
221
00:12:06,643 --> 00:12:09,270
came a missile that gave America
222
00:12:09,354 --> 00:12:12,523
one of its greatesthistorical inspirations.
223
00:12:12,607 --> 00:12:16,486
So Wernher von Braun is...a mixed bag.
224
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- You tightened the valves?
- It works.
225
00:12:34,754 --> 00:12:37,632
Dude, wherever I cut one
I should cut the other, right?
226
00:12:37,715 --> 00:12:38,549
Yeah.
227
00:12:38,633 --> 00:12:43,179
So what do you say?
One, two, three, four, five, six.
228
00:12:43,262 --> 00:12:45,264
How about six runs up and six runs up?
229
00:12:45,348 --> 00:12:48,601
So it's one, two, three four.
So it's the fourth one down.
230
00:12:48,685 --> 00:12:52,605
If you could combine nerdy and cool,I hope you could get something like me.
231
00:12:53,648 --> 00:12:54,565
How's it going?
232
00:12:54,649 --> 00:12:58,194
It's a little rough. The X-Acto knife
slipped twice, as you can see.
233
00:12:58,277 --> 00:13:01,489
-Just got little duct tape bandages.
-Here, use better duct tape.
234
00:13:02,073 --> 00:13:03,491
Yeah, that's a good point.
235
00:13:03,574 --> 00:13:06,494
Nerdiness has kind of takena bad rap over the years.
236
00:13:06,577 --> 00:13:09,372
And nerdy is the new cool.
237
00:13:09,455 --> 00:13:12,667
But that doesn't mean you have to
start wearing Jordans or anything.
238
00:13:12,750 --> 00:13:15,670
But I feel like the egg should be
standing up in the compartment, though.
239
00:13:15,753 --> 00:13:18,172
- It will.
- Like standing vertically.
240
00:13:18,256 --> 00:13:20,008
- I know.
- All right, cool.
241
00:13:20,091 --> 00:13:23,761
I'm hoping one day to run for officeand work my way up in Washington,
242
00:13:23,845 --> 00:13:26,264
and ultimately get NASAthe funding it needs
243
00:13:26,347 --> 00:13:29,142
to, you know, do these great things
like go to Mars.
244
00:13:29,225 --> 00:13:33,730
We usually just, I think we should fold it
in a way that it will definitely deploy.
245
00:13:33,813 --> 00:13:36,315
The model rocketsis a good challenge for the group.
246
00:13:36,399 --> 00:13:38,776
Of course, rocketry is
directly connected with NASA.
247
00:13:42,447 --> 00:13:45,074
So the awesome thingabout rockets, I'd say,
248
00:13:45,158 --> 00:13:47,577
is that they're handing explosives
249
00:13:47,660 --> 00:13:50,747
and a whole bunch of, like,
firing power to teenagers.
250
00:13:50,830 --> 00:13:54,250
And they're like,"Here, go make it, go up into the air
251
00:13:54,333 --> 00:13:56,127
and if it explodes, have fun with it."
252
00:13:56,210 --> 00:13:59,922
So it's, like, yeah,
I'm definitely going to do this.
253
00:14:00,548 --> 00:14:04,969
We're gonna have to find
a way for it to disconnect
254
00:14:05,053 --> 00:14:08,598
while keeping the shot cord
inside of the body...
255
00:14:08,681 --> 00:14:10,266
-Oh yeah, definitely.
-Somehow...
256
00:14:10,349 --> 00:14:11,893
I enjoy building rockets.
257
00:14:11,976 --> 00:14:17,148
Later today we are launching our rocket
with our eggstronaut Egbert in it.
258
00:14:17,231 --> 00:14:21,444
And it has been so much fun
just building it and tossing around ideas.
259
00:14:23,112 --> 00:14:27,158
Put the hot glue
on the edges of these and stick it down.
260
00:14:27,241 --> 00:14:30,078
The two things you're learningfrom these model rockets
261
00:14:30,161 --> 00:14:33,915
is crew survivability and aerodynamics.
262
00:14:33,998 --> 00:14:37,377
Everything else is intact.
We just can't get this stuff tangled up.
263
00:14:37,460 --> 00:14:39,796
As soon as this gets tangled,
we're kind of done.
264
00:14:39,879 --> 00:14:42,757
- Let's see how this drop goes.
- High check, science geeks.
265
00:14:44,384 --> 00:14:45,510
Very nice.
266
00:14:45,593 --> 00:14:47,804
You have to keepyour precious payload alive,
267
00:14:47,887 --> 00:14:52,600
and you want it to pierce through the airin a beautiful parabolic trajectory.
268
00:14:52,683 --> 00:14:53,601
Ooh!
269
00:14:53,684 --> 00:14:55,395
That fits there really well.
270
00:14:55,478 --> 00:14:57,897
It's really importantthat we see the big picture.
271
00:14:57,980 --> 00:15:01,484
It's important that the whole system,
including our eggstronaut,
272
00:15:01,567 --> 00:15:02,819
are safe and reliable.
273
00:15:03,778 --> 00:15:06,656
No, no, no.
That means we have 250 left.
274
00:15:06,739 --> 00:15:08,533
- And then we have 150--
- 150 left.
275
00:15:08,616 --> 00:15:12,578
And then we just used 100
for the motor tube. So we would have 50.
276
00:15:12,662 --> 00:15:15,873
In our engineering challenges,we're assigned a budget for what we do
277
00:15:15,957 --> 00:15:17,500
and you can't overspend it.
278
00:15:17,583 --> 00:15:20,253
And sometimes
you don't even have enough to begin with.
279
00:15:20,336 --> 00:15:22,755
Dude, we made a mistake
for the first item.
280
00:15:22,839 --> 00:15:25,716
This 150 is actually 200.
281
00:15:25,800 --> 00:15:27,552
So then now we're left with 100.
282
00:15:27,635 --> 00:15:32,598
The money is a big constriction
for humans in real life.
283
00:15:32,682 --> 00:15:35,435
So, they decided to make it
a constriction for us, too.
284
00:15:35,518 --> 00:15:37,478
How much money have we spent?
285
00:15:37,562 --> 00:15:40,148
Jace, I'm gonna go
glue these together, OK?
286
00:15:40,231 --> 00:15:41,566
They put a limit on it to say,
287
00:15:41,649 --> 00:15:44,068
"Hey, we're not gonna give you
all the materials,
288
00:15:44,152 --> 00:15:46,696
because if we did
you could do so much."
289
00:15:46,779 --> 00:15:51,409
So the way these rocket engines work
is it propels downwards.
290
00:15:51,492 --> 00:15:54,162
When we deploy it,
the parachute's gonna unfurl
291
00:15:54,245 --> 00:15:56,122
and it's gonna float down like this.
292
00:15:56,205 --> 00:15:57,832
And our egg's gonna survive.
293
00:15:57,915 --> 00:16:00,376
Good stuff, guys!
This was a productive session.
294
00:16:01,627 --> 00:16:02,795
Ballin' till we drop!
295
00:16:12,472 --> 00:16:14,849
The V2 rocket was builtby Wernher von Braun
296
00:16:14,932 --> 00:16:16,642
and his team of engineers.
297
00:16:16,726 --> 00:16:17,852
It hits randomly.
298
00:16:17,935 --> 00:16:20,813
You don't really know what you're hitting,what you're killing,
299
00:16:20,897 --> 00:16:22,315
what you're destroying.
300
00:16:22,398 --> 00:16:24,317
That was what the V2 did.
301
00:16:24,400 --> 00:16:27,111
The "V", for goodness' sake,
stood for "Vengeance".
302
00:16:29,197 --> 00:16:32,450
It was the weapon that resultedfrom a tantrum,
303
00:16:32,533 --> 00:16:34,410
in this case the tantrum of the führer.
304
00:16:34,494 --> 00:16:39,457
He wanted to lash back,as all losing causes do.
305
00:16:39,540 --> 00:16:40,917
They flail at the end.
306
00:16:43,377 --> 00:16:46,255
The President of the United States.
307
00:16:46,797 --> 00:16:49,634
General Eisenhower informs me
308
00:16:49,717 --> 00:16:54,597
that the forces of Germany
have surrendered to the United Nations.
309
00:16:54,680 --> 00:16:58,476
The flags of freedom fly all over Europe.
310
00:16:58,559 --> 00:17:00,144
At the end of World War II,
311
00:17:00,228 --> 00:17:03,481
the Cold War had, in essence,already begun.
312
00:17:03,564 --> 00:17:09,695
It was clear to the Allies thatwe could not coexist with the Soviets.
313
00:17:12,698 --> 00:17:16,661
If we didn't get von Braun,then the Soviets would.
314
00:17:16,744 --> 00:17:18,120
We had to have him.
315
00:17:25,503 --> 00:17:27,421
Oh my gosh!
316
00:17:27,505 --> 00:17:29,298
How soon we forget
317
00:17:29,382 --> 00:17:35,012
how evil the communist empire
was perceived to be
318
00:17:35,096 --> 00:17:36,722
in that day and in that time.
319
00:17:36,806 --> 00:17:40,726
And how much of a motivating factor
that was to do anything we could
320
00:17:40,810 --> 00:17:43,396
to not be bested by our arch enemy.
321
00:17:43,479 --> 00:17:47,900
Not a lot of Americansknow that we took a...a Nazi,
322
00:17:47,984 --> 00:17:53,739
someone who helped designed rockets
that were intended to kill us,
323
00:17:53,823 --> 00:17:57,159
relocated him and his teameventually to Huntsville, Alabama,
324
00:17:57,243 --> 00:18:00,913
where they became founding fathersof the spaceflight program.
325
00:18:04,584 --> 00:18:09,213
He became such a vocal figurehead
326
00:18:09,297 --> 00:18:14,010
for space, for exploration,
for the red planet.
327
00:18:15,052 --> 00:18:19,223
In the early to middle '50s,von Braun became famous.
328
00:18:19,307 --> 00:18:26,022
He began writing long magazine articlesabout travel to the Moon and to Mars.
329
00:18:26,105 --> 00:18:28,190
And he even signed a deal with Disney.
330
00:18:28,274 --> 00:18:31,110
Whenthe day arrives for construction to begin,
331
00:18:31,193 --> 00:18:33,779
the thousands of parts
for the space station
332
00:18:33,863 --> 00:18:37,533
will be transported to the orbit
by our multistage rockets.
333
00:18:37,617 --> 00:18:41,162
It's a real moment in American history
334
00:18:41,245 --> 00:18:45,249
when 42 million Americans tune in
335
00:18:45,333 --> 00:18:49,754
to watch von Braun talkon a Disney television program
336
00:18:49,837 --> 00:18:51,505
about space travel.
337
00:18:51,589 --> 00:18:53,424
If we were to start today
338
00:18:53,507 --> 00:18:56,886
on an organized
and well supported space program,
339
00:18:56,969 --> 00:19:02,642
I believe a practical passenger rocketcould be built and tested within 10 years.
340
00:19:06,312 --> 00:19:08,147
Today, a new moon is in the sky,
341
00:19:08,230 --> 00:19:12,193
a 23 inch metal sphereplaced in orbit by a Russian rocket.
342
00:19:12,276 --> 00:19:14,695
500 miles up, the artificial moonis boosted
343
00:19:14,779 --> 00:19:17,531
to a speed counterbalancingthe pull of gravity,
344
00:19:17,615 --> 00:19:18,532
and released.
345
00:19:20,034 --> 00:19:25,790
The whole applecart was overturned
when the Russians put Sputnik into orbit,
346
00:19:25,873 --> 00:19:30,086
causing a national nervous breakdown
as a consequence.
347
00:19:30,169 --> 00:19:34,507
The Soviets had Sputnik up in the sky
and you could hear the beeping going by.
348
00:19:35,508 --> 00:19:39,053
The entire countrywas in shock by Sputnik.
349
00:19:41,597 --> 00:19:45,768
Sputnik orbited the Earthon what you would say in military terms
350
00:19:45,851 --> 00:19:48,521
was the ultimate high ground of space!
351
00:19:49,730 --> 00:19:52,483
The reaction wasone of astonishment and concern.
352
00:19:52,566 --> 00:19:54,735
For it was now knownthat a potential enemy
353
00:19:54,819 --> 00:19:59,031
was at least temporarily aheadin developing means for space travel.
354
00:20:00,032 --> 00:20:02,493
We were scared to death
when Sputnik went up.
355
00:20:02,576 --> 00:20:04,286
And then we were scared to death
356
00:20:04,370 --> 00:20:07,373
when the Russians
beat us to orbit with a human.
357
00:20:07,998 --> 00:20:11,419
It seemed at once thatthis competitive style of government
358
00:20:11,502 --> 00:20:16,048
was producing technology faster,outstripping the United States.
359
00:20:16,132 --> 00:20:19,719
And so, a civilian space agencywas formed,
360
00:20:19,802 --> 00:20:22,888
and that's the National Aeronauticsand Space Administration, NASA.
361
00:20:34,442 --> 00:20:37,528
Welcome to
the Marshall Space Flight Center.
362
00:20:37,611 --> 00:20:40,239
Our special task here in Huntsville
363
00:20:40,322 --> 00:20:43,033
is to develop
the rocket powered systems necessary
364
00:20:43,117 --> 00:20:45,661
to orbit man in an Earth satellite.
365
00:20:46,871 --> 00:20:49,915
You might say
we are the long distance movers.
366
00:20:50,875 --> 00:20:54,253
All effort was giventoward making sure
367
00:20:54,336 --> 00:20:57,590
that America got into space pronto.
368
00:20:57,673 --> 00:21:00,676
And that is where von Braunbegan his ascent
369
00:21:00,760 --> 00:21:04,263
as kind of the American space savior.
370
00:21:04,346 --> 00:21:08,768
And from there, he became
the prophet of space exploration.
371
00:21:13,939 --> 00:21:17,026
For we meet
in an hour of change and challenge,
372
00:21:17,902 --> 00:21:20,738
in a decade of hope and fear,
373
00:21:20,821 --> 00:21:24,074
in an age of both knowledge and ignorance.
374
00:21:24,158 --> 00:21:28,954
The greater our knowledge increases,
the greater our ignorance unfolds.
375
00:21:29,038 --> 00:21:30,873
When you think of the Apollo program,
376
00:21:30,956 --> 00:21:33,876
when you think of man on the Moon,
377
00:21:33,959 --> 00:21:38,631
no doubt von Braunis a huge piece of JFK's legacy.
378
00:21:38,714 --> 00:21:41,634
The vast stretches of the unknown,
379
00:21:41,717 --> 00:21:43,719
and the unanswered,
380
00:21:43,803 --> 00:21:45,638
and the unfinished,
381
00:21:45,721 --> 00:21:49,683
still far outstrip
our collective comprehension.
382
00:21:50,392 --> 00:21:53,562
To be the first person on Mars,
it would definitely put you up there
383
00:21:53,646 --> 00:21:56,857
with those big names
that most people know about space.
384
00:21:56,941 --> 00:22:01,403
Alan Shepard, Yuri Gagarin,Neil Armstrong, and von Braun.
385
00:22:01,487 --> 00:22:05,866
It would definitely come
with a bit of infamy.
386
00:22:05,950 --> 00:22:12,331
Surely the opening vistas of spacepromise high costs and hardships,
387
00:22:12,414 --> 00:22:14,250
as well as high reward.
388
00:22:14,917 --> 00:22:17,419
So, it is not surprising
389
00:22:17,503 --> 00:22:21,215
that some would have usstay where we are a little longer,
390
00:22:21,298 --> 00:22:23,259
to rest, to wait.
391
00:22:23,342 --> 00:22:28,472
To be sure, we are behind,and will be behind for some time,
392
00:22:28,556 --> 00:22:29,890
in manned flight.
393
00:22:29,974 --> 00:22:32,309
But we do not intend to stay behind,
394
00:22:32,393 --> 00:22:36,605
and in this decadewe shall make up and move ahead.
395
00:22:36,689 --> 00:22:39,400
Building something from scratchis a double-edged sword.
396
00:22:39,483 --> 00:22:43,612
You can't designa perfect launch vehicle from scratch
397
00:22:43,696 --> 00:22:45,489
and put it up on the pad
the very first time
398
00:22:45,573 --> 00:22:47,449
and expect things are gonna go well.
399
00:22:47,533 --> 00:22:50,703
This generation does not intend
400
00:22:50,786 --> 00:22:54,790
to founder in the backwash
of the coming age of space.
401
00:22:54,873 --> 00:22:58,002
We mean to be a part of it.
We mean to lead it.
402
00:22:58,085 --> 00:23:00,546
Since NASA was formed in 1958,
403
00:23:00,629 --> 00:23:03,340
we've had a pretty small
number of different missions
404
00:23:03,424 --> 00:23:04,550
that we've undertaken.
405
00:23:04,633 --> 00:23:06,844
The first program was the Mercury program,
406
00:23:06,927 --> 00:23:09,972
just to see if an astronautcould survive in zero gravity.
407
00:23:10,055 --> 00:23:12,725
This is Flagship 7,
radio loud and clear. Over.
408
00:23:12,808 --> 00:23:14,935
We went on to the Gemini program,
409
00:23:15,019 --> 00:23:17,271
sending two astronauts up in a capsule.
410
00:23:18,439 --> 00:23:20,774
We learned how to dorendezvous and docking.
411
00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:23,944
And we learned how towalk in space, to float there.
412
00:23:24,820 --> 00:23:25,904
OK, yeah?
413
00:23:28,240 --> 00:23:29,241
OK.
414
00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:33,579
You're right in front, Ed.
You look beautiful!
415
00:23:33,662 --> 00:23:36,332
I feel like a million dollars!
So I'm gonna kick off!
416
00:23:37,916 --> 00:23:40,669
We put together everythingwe learned from Mercury and Gemini
417
00:23:40,753 --> 00:23:42,129
in the Apollo program.
418
00:23:42,212 --> 00:23:47,384
But why, some say, the Moon?Why choose this as our goal?
419
00:23:47,468 --> 00:23:51,597
And they may well ask,why climb the highest mountain?
420
00:23:52,389 --> 00:23:54,183
Liftoff! We have a liftoff!
421
00:23:55,392 --> 00:23:59,021
Many years ago,the great British explorer George Mallory,
422
00:23:59,104 --> 00:24:04,902
who was to die on Mount Everest,was asked why did he want to climb it.
423
00:24:05,527 --> 00:24:07,279
He said "Because it is there."
424
00:24:07,363 --> 00:24:10,324
Well, space is there,and we're going to climb it.
425
00:24:11,116 --> 00:24:13,410
And the Moon and the planets are there.
426
00:24:13,494 --> 00:24:15,954
And new hopesfor knowledge and peace are there!
427
00:24:17,122 --> 00:24:20,751
Going to the Moon, many people
just considered outright impossible.
428
00:24:21,335 --> 00:24:23,629
Four forward,drifting to the right a little.
429
00:24:25,089 --> 00:24:28,092
Once the impossible becomes possible,
430
00:24:28,175 --> 00:24:31,220
that opens the floodgates
of human imagination.
431
00:24:31,303 --> 00:24:34,348
That's one small step for man,
432
00:24:36,600 --> 00:24:39,311
one giant leap for mankind.
433
00:24:45,526 --> 00:24:50,072
We choose to go to the Moon!We choose to go to the Moon!
434
00:24:56,537 --> 00:25:00,874
We choose to go to the Moon in this decadeand do the other things,
435
00:25:00,958 --> 00:25:04,628
not because they are easy,but because they are hard.
436
00:25:27,526 --> 00:25:31,405
We should probably check it,
cause last time we had a pretty bad angle.
437
00:25:31,488 --> 00:25:33,157
Dude, come on, let's check it.
438
00:25:34,491 --> 00:25:38,162
No, I just want to make sure ours
is positioned so we won't die again.
439
00:25:39,037 --> 00:25:42,207
As a kid, I would love to witnessone of our presidents
440
00:25:42,291 --> 00:25:46,754
challenge NASA to land on Marsin a deadline that may seem impossible.
441
00:25:46,837 --> 00:25:50,215
Because I feel like
few things motivate humans.
442
00:25:50,299 --> 00:25:54,011
I mean the Soviets motivated us,
but that was out of fear.
443
00:25:55,512 --> 00:25:57,598
I swear, if ours doesn't work
444
00:25:57,681 --> 00:25:59,391
-I'm crying!
-Oh crap, dude!
445
00:25:59,475 --> 00:26:02,394
Ours looks all bent up and everything.
What is he doing?
446
00:26:02,478 --> 00:26:05,981
Dude, now look at it!
We're bent to the side now. Oh my god.
447
00:26:06,064 --> 00:26:08,567
- It's going to go that way.
- ...two, one...
448
00:26:11,278 --> 00:26:13,405
-Please, please deploy!
-Do it, do it, do it!
449
00:26:13,489 --> 00:26:15,449
Yeah!
450
00:26:18,494 --> 00:26:20,954
Rub the orange!
Rub the orange! Rub the orange!
451
00:26:23,999 --> 00:26:27,419
I think we should go to Mars becausewe would learn so much along the way.
452
00:26:27,503 --> 00:26:29,713
Forget about actually stepping on Mars.
453
00:26:29,797 --> 00:26:32,925
I think the journey there
is far more important.
454
00:26:33,008 --> 00:26:36,094
We're checking the payload
to see if it's still intact.
455
00:26:36,178 --> 00:26:37,346
See any juice?
456
00:26:38,138 --> 00:26:39,181
Oooh...
457
00:26:40,390 --> 00:26:42,476
This chute idea might have saved us.
458
00:26:47,064 --> 00:26:47,981
It's cracked.
459
00:26:48,649 --> 00:26:52,778
No! I think we made it!
Oh my god, we made it!
460
00:26:52,861 --> 00:26:54,279
Whoa!
461
00:26:54,988 --> 00:26:55,823
Yes!
462
00:26:58,200 --> 00:27:00,661
Wow, that was so ratchet.
463
00:27:04,498 --> 00:27:08,210
Bob, this is Geneand I'm on the surface.
464
00:27:10,879 --> 00:27:15,008
I'd like to just say,what I believe history will record:
465
00:27:15,968 --> 00:27:20,806
that America's challenge of today
466
00:27:20,889 --> 00:27:24,059
has forged man's destiny of tomorrow.
467
00:27:24,142 --> 00:27:28,021
As soon as the first landing on the Moon
seemed inevitable,
468
00:27:28,105 --> 00:27:29,982
and certainly after it happened,
469
00:27:30,065 --> 00:27:33,277
every single story
written about that success
470
00:27:33,360 --> 00:27:37,155
included a secondary story
that said "So, what's next?"
471
00:27:37,865 --> 00:27:41,869
And as we leave the Moonat Taurus-Littrow,
472
00:27:42,578 --> 00:27:44,204
we leave as we came
473
00:27:45,038 --> 00:27:47,249
and, God willing, as we shall return:
474
00:27:49,334 --> 00:27:54,381
with peace and hope for all mankind.
475
00:27:54,464 --> 00:27:56,925
God speed the crew of Apollo 17.
476
00:27:58,176 --> 00:28:03,223
In that moment, von Braun reveals his true ambition as a scientist.
477
00:28:03,307 --> 00:28:05,601
This is a great moment.We've gotten to the Moon.
478
00:28:05,684 --> 00:28:09,771
But actually it's a stepping stone
to the red planet, to Mars.
479
00:28:11,690 --> 00:28:14,026
Wernher von Brauntalked about a Mars mission
480
00:28:14,109 --> 00:28:19,281
and he talked about a possible presence,permanent presence, on Mars by 1981.
481
00:28:20,449 --> 00:28:23,035
That sounds insanely ambitious:
482
00:28:23,118 --> 00:28:26,747
11 years to have a permanent presenceon two planets.
483
00:28:26,830 --> 00:28:30,208
But the fact is,it was equally hubristic to say
484
00:28:30,292 --> 00:28:33,253
"And we're gonna put
a man on the Moon by 1969."
485
00:28:33,337 --> 00:28:34,922
Except we did it.
486
00:28:35,005 --> 00:28:41,094
So everything we were talking about doingin extremely short order, by 1981,
487
00:28:41,178 --> 00:28:42,554
getting people on Mars,
488
00:28:42,638 --> 00:28:46,808
was actually perfectly consistentwith the extremely short order work
489
00:28:46,892 --> 00:28:48,727
we had done to get to the Moon.
490
00:28:49,978 --> 00:28:52,606
The plan to go to Marswas complicated in the '60s
491
00:28:52,689 --> 00:28:56,860
because the way von Braun saw it,
this was gonna be a symbol of the future.
492
00:28:56,944 --> 00:29:00,322
But the way the public interpreted it
was entirely different.
493
00:29:00,405 --> 00:29:05,661
Now, of course, there are many other
things competing for public interest.
494
00:29:05,744 --> 00:29:11,792
There is an election coming up,and there is a war going on in Vietnam,
495
00:29:11,875 --> 00:29:14,461
and there are problems in the cities.
496
00:29:14,544 --> 00:29:19,132
And quite a few people seem to believe
497
00:29:19,216 --> 00:29:23,011
that we are taking money awayfrom the public purse.
498
00:29:23,095 --> 00:29:27,849
We prefer to see our space program
in a somewhat different light.
499
00:29:27,933 --> 00:29:30,602
We believe that
we are actually producing values,
500
00:29:30,686 --> 00:29:32,020
and we are producing values
501
00:29:32,104 --> 00:29:36,525
at a faster rate than we are
taking money out of the treasury.
502
00:29:36,608 --> 00:29:40,946
Nixon had a choiceto continue the program to go on to Mars.
503
00:29:41,029 --> 00:29:44,992
The infrastructurefor planetary exploration was in place.
504
00:29:45,075 --> 00:29:48,745
The NASA personnel infrastructure
that had gotten us to the Moon
505
00:29:48,829 --> 00:29:50,956
was prepared to get us to Mars.
506
00:29:51,039 --> 00:29:55,627
Mr. Speaker,
the President of the United States!
507
00:30:00,966 --> 00:30:02,634
I gotta tell you, everybody,
508
00:30:02,718 --> 00:30:07,014
this longing for the Apollo erais not well advised.
509
00:30:07,097 --> 00:30:08,140
It's not coming back.
510
00:30:08,223 --> 00:30:10,767
We're operating now
not under the Kennedy doctrine,
511
00:30:10,851 --> 00:30:12,352
but under the Nixon doctrine.
512
00:30:13,103 --> 00:30:16,690
In reaching the Moon,
we demonstrated
513
00:30:16,773 --> 00:30:20,944
what miracles American technology
is capable of achieving.
514
00:30:21,945 --> 00:30:24,614
And now the time has come
to move more deliberately
515
00:30:24,698 --> 00:30:28,201
toward making full use of that technology
here on Earth.
516
00:30:34,166 --> 00:30:35,751
President Nixon and his advisors
517
00:30:35,834 --> 00:30:39,963
felt that U.S. public interestin space exploration had waned.
518
00:30:40,047 --> 00:30:43,050
It was a very expensive undertaking.Let's do something else.
519
00:30:49,014 --> 00:30:53,810
Sunday, April 12, 1981.Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
520
00:30:55,645 --> 00:30:56,646
The Space Shuttle.
521
00:30:57,647 --> 00:31:03,445
Fourteen stories high, 2,000 tons,poised on the pad for its maiden flight.
522
00:31:03,528 --> 00:31:08,950
Nixon's goal was to contractAmerica's space footprint.
523
00:31:09,034 --> 00:31:13,830
To make getting to and from orbitroutine, affordable,
524
00:31:13,914 --> 00:31:15,248
and ultimately profitable.
525
00:31:15,332 --> 00:31:16,917
But the Nixon doctrine,
526
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:22,130
the idea of monetizing
and simplifying access to orbit,
527
00:31:22,214 --> 00:31:23,382
did not work.
528
00:31:23,465 --> 00:31:27,928
...two, one,starting motor ignition and liftoff!
529
00:31:28,011 --> 00:31:29,513
Liftoff of Columbia!
530
00:31:29,596 --> 00:31:31,640
The shuttle has cleared the tower.
531
00:31:31,723 --> 00:31:33,725
Columbia, you're negative seats.
532
00:31:35,394 --> 00:31:36,561
And liftoff.
533
00:31:36,645 --> 00:31:40,941
Liftoff of the orbiter Challenger andthe sixth flight of the Space Shuttle.
534
00:31:41,650 --> 00:31:45,695
What's been happening at NASAhas been a very long term drift
535
00:31:45,779 --> 00:31:48,073
in terms of the manned space program.
536
00:31:48,156 --> 00:31:49,491
After we went to the Moon,
537
00:31:49,574 --> 00:31:54,371
it was the carousel of shuttle flights
around the Earth for 30-some years.
538
00:31:54,454 --> 00:31:55,580
That was it.
539
00:31:56,248 --> 00:31:58,083
We have ignition and liftoff
540
00:31:58,166 --> 00:32:01,878
of Atlantis and the Galileo spacecraftbound for Jupiter.
541
00:32:01,962 --> 00:32:03,588
Roger roll, Atlantis.
542
00:32:05,549 --> 00:32:08,468
The Space Shuttlecan't reach deep space.
543
00:32:08,552 --> 00:32:13,390
The Space Shuttle was only designedto go whizzing around the planet Earth.
544
00:32:13,473 --> 00:32:17,436
And so we began to realizethat NASA lost its way.
545
00:32:17,519 --> 00:32:19,938
And liftoff of Space Shuttle Discovery
546
00:32:20,021 --> 00:32:24,192
to complete NASA's constellationof tracking stations in the sky.
547
00:32:24,276 --> 00:32:26,903
I understand thingsare being done by NASA right now.
548
00:32:26,987 --> 00:32:28,697
But I feel like after the '60s,
549
00:32:28,780 --> 00:32:32,701
the acceleration of the program
just declined to a sad point.
550
00:32:32,784 --> 00:32:35,078
And liftoffof the Space Shuttle Endeavour.
551
00:32:35,162 --> 00:32:36,872
Roger roll, Endeavour.
552
00:32:36,955 --> 00:32:39,541
We are no longeradvancing a space frontier.
553
00:32:39,624 --> 00:32:43,003
A space frontier is:
how far have you gone lately?
554
00:32:43,086 --> 00:32:44,838
Where are our farthest astronauts?
555
00:32:44,921 --> 00:32:49,176
They're 250 miles above our head,driving around the block,
556
00:32:49,259 --> 00:32:51,428
boldly goingwhere hundreds have gone before.
557
00:32:51,511 --> 00:32:53,305
That is not advancing space frontiers.
558
00:32:57,267 --> 00:33:00,729
Low Earth orbit is about putting stuff in space to look back down on Earth.
559
00:33:00,812 --> 00:33:03,190
It's about support for Earth industries.
560
00:33:03,273 --> 00:33:06,568
The Space Shuttle
sounds like this big exciting thing.
561
00:33:06,651 --> 00:33:08,028
The Space Shuttle! We're exploring!
562
00:33:08,111 --> 00:33:11,364
But actually what the Space Shuttle was
was kind of a cargo delivery vehicle.
563
00:33:11,448 --> 00:33:15,285
It would bring astronauts and equipment,back and forth from low Earth orbit.
564
00:33:24,461 --> 00:33:27,172
The Shuttle drainedNASA's resources.
565
00:33:27,255 --> 00:33:33,970
It was a financial sinkhole, essentially,
from 1975 up through 2011.
566
00:33:35,222 --> 00:33:39,267
Any dreams of going to Mars
during the Shuttle era were impossible
567
00:33:39,351 --> 00:33:42,395
because all of the moneywas going to the Shuttle.
568
00:33:56,993 --> 00:34:01,122
NASA is kind of at a holdup.We haven't gone places.
569
00:34:01,206 --> 00:34:02,499
So don't go to space.
570
00:34:02,582 --> 00:34:06,378
But what you can send to Mars
are non-humans and non-living things,
571
00:34:06,461 --> 00:34:07,295
like robots.
572
00:34:08,380 --> 00:34:10,382
Before you leave this table,
573
00:34:10,465 --> 00:34:13,718
I need you to figure out what
your robot's primary task is going to be.
574
00:34:13,802 --> 00:34:15,345
You can't just send all of them in there
575
00:34:15,428 --> 00:34:17,430
and have all four of them
try and do the same task.
576
00:34:17,514 --> 00:34:19,057
That's not going to be productive.
577
00:34:19,140 --> 00:34:21,893
All right, guys,
we got everything up here, so...
578
00:34:21,977 --> 00:34:23,228
Is that everything?
579
00:34:23,311 --> 00:34:25,647
- Yes, it is.
- Can we get a picture?
580
00:34:26,815 --> 00:34:28,191
We do robotics at Space Camp
581
00:34:28,275 --> 00:34:32,237
because robotics is
a huge part of the space program.
582
00:34:32,320 --> 00:34:34,698
Exploration done today
isn't done by humans.
583
00:34:34,781 --> 00:34:36,157
It's done by robots.
584
00:34:40,704 --> 00:34:43,748
NASA's unmannedexploration of the solar system
585
00:34:43,832 --> 00:34:48,211
is the great unappreciated crown jewel
of the space agency.
586
00:34:48,295 --> 00:34:51,214
It began here atthe Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
587
00:34:51,298 --> 00:34:55,260
Viking 1 and Viking 2 were readiedfor their separate journeys to Mars.
588
00:34:55,844 --> 00:34:59,347
A robot is importantfor forerunner exploration,
589
00:34:59,431 --> 00:35:01,349
where we send a robot first.
590
00:35:01,433 --> 00:35:03,893
It lets us know
it's OK for us to go there.
591
00:35:03,977 --> 00:35:07,022
The planet Mars right now
is entirely populated by robots,
592
00:35:07,105 --> 00:35:09,357
which is an interesting thing
to think about.
593
00:35:17,824 --> 00:35:20,285
Curiosity's designedspecifically to look at
594
00:35:20,368 --> 00:35:22,996
past habitabilityand present habitability of Mars.
595
00:35:23,872 --> 00:35:29,210
That's really taking the step of where
we understood there was once water on Mars
596
00:35:29,294 --> 00:35:32,964
to whether that water
could have supported life on Mars,
597
00:35:33,048 --> 00:35:35,800
or maybe even still support life on Mars.
598
00:35:35,884 --> 00:35:40,138
And liftoff of the Atlas 5 with Curiosity,
599
00:35:40,221 --> 00:35:44,434
seeking clues to the planetary puzzleabout life on Mars.
600
00:35:44,517 --> 00:35:46,478
The thing that makesMars so incredible
601
00:35:46,561 --> 00:35:48,605
is that it's this sister planet of ours,
602
00:35:48,688 --> 00:35:52,776
and the possibility that life could have
arisen there some time in the past,
603
00:35:52,859 --> 00:35:57,572
that maybe life is more prevalent
than we thought in the past.
604
00:35:58,073 --> 00:35:59,658
At 10.13 local time
605
00:35:59,741 --> 00:36:02,035
we'll initiatethe descent stage thermal batteries,
606
00:36:02,118 --> 00:36:04,579
and from that point on
EDL ops will take over.
607
00:36:04,663 --> 00:36:06,748
I'm a little partialto the Curiosity rover.
608
00:36:06,831 --> 00:36:08,625
We're down to 90 meters per second
609
00:36:08,708 --> 00:36:11,211
at an altitude of 6.5 kilometersand descending.
610
00:36:11,294 --> 00:36:13,421
I worked on that mission
for almost 10 years.
611
00:36:14,923 --> 00:36:16,216
UHF is good.
612
00:36:17,926 --> 00:36:19,719
Touchdown confirmed.We're safe on Mars!
613
00:36:24,224 --> 00:36:26,226
I think the longer you spendworking on them,
614
00:36:26,309 --> 00:36:27,769
the more attached you are to them.
615
00:36:27,852 --> 00:36:29,354
They become kind of like kids.
616
00:36:29,437 --> 00:36:33,858
We are going to need a button pusher.
617
00:36:33,942 --> 00:36:35,193
-I can do that.
-Jace!
618
00:36:35,276 --> 00:36:39,197
Jace, just a heads up,
that's priority numero uno!
619
00:36:39,280 --> 00:36:42,909
Jace is a good programmer.
We can't afford not to--
620
00:36:42,992 --> 00:36:45,286
-Jace, are you programming right now?
-Yes.
621
00:36:45,370 --> 00:36:47,372
With these robots, you have to learn
622
00:36:47,455 --> 00:36:51,501
how to program them to work
without a human being at the controls.
623
00:36:51,584 --> 00:36:53,753
Can Bucky hold
one side of the yellow doors?
624
00:36:53,837 --> 00:36:56,256
Which side do you want?
I can program for both.
625
00:36:56,965 --> 00:37:02,303
Jace is so good at programming.
He just went right to it!
626
00:37:02,387 --> 00:37:06,307
He's got a ton of patience
when it comes to testing that robot.
627
00:37:06,391 --> 00:37:08,059
A lot of times in retrieval,
628
00:37:08,143 --> 00:37:10,186
the things are
in a very specific place every time.
629
00:37:10,270 --> 00:37:14,399
So we can make a rough program,
go out, figure out what happened wrong...
630
00:37:16,234 --> 00:37:19,112
...then just make it more and moreand more and more precise
631
00:37:19,195 --> 00:37:21,948
so we can perfectly execute thatwhen the mission comes.
632
00:37:22,031 --> 00:37:22,991
Activate COMS.
633
00:37:23,074 --> 00:37:25,201
Right now I'm learninghow to code in Python.
634
00:37:25,285 --> 00:37:29,664
I'm new to it. I'll admit,
I can't make something really complicated.
635
00:37:29,748 --> 00:37:32,834
I can make a game of Pong work!That's about it.
636
00:37:32,917 --> 00:37:34,085
But I'm learning.
637
00:37:34,544 --> 00:37:38,214
A little nervous. It should work.
I programmed it for a long time.
638
00:37:50,602 --> 00:37:52,645
With Curiosity,what was amazing
639
00:37:52,729 --> 00:37:58,193
was that the first drill hole we drilled
we found evidence of past water on Mars
640
00:37:58,276 --> 00:38:01,070
and that that water
was kind of relatively fresh
641
00:38:01,154 --> 00:38:05,033
and could have supported certain types
of life as we know them on Earth.
642
00:38:05,116 --> 00:38:09,287
The next questions are reallyof whether life could exist on Mars.
643
00:38:09,370 --> 00:38:12,540
Future missions can goand actually look for evidence of life.
644
00:38:12,624 --> 00:38:14,918
And maybe the best way to do that
is with humans,
645
00:38:15,001 --> 00:38:17,796
where they can bring samples back,
like the Apollo missions did.
646
00:38:21,591 --> 00:38:26,304
When we put a robot on Marsand we give it a name called "Curiosity",
647
00:38:26,387 --> 00:38:29,098
and we have it send down automatic Tweets,
648
00:38:29,182 --> 00:38:33,353
and we love it and we call it names
like "plucky" and "tough".
649
00:38:33,436 --> 00:38:34,479
We're on the ground.
650
00:38:34,562 --> 00:38:36,731
Just don't move yet!
We gotta wait for Jace.
651
00:38:37,482 --> 00:38:41,820
Five, four, three, two, one!
652
00:38:41,903 --> 00:38:42,737
Begin!
653
00:38:47,951 --> 00:38:51,830
We humanize robotsbecause it's the next best thing.
654
00:38:51,913 --> 00:38:55,250
But in the case of explorerson other planets,
655
00:38:55,333 --> 00:38:58,419
humanizing, anthropomorphizingour machines
656
00:38:58,503 --> 00:39:01,756
are because we don't have
real people to get there.
657
00:39:05,844 --> 00:39:08,179
All right, lost a wheel.
658
00:39:09,222 --> 00:39:10,598
Humans can do in a day
659
00:39:10,682 --> 00:39:14,060
what it takes a robot monthsor sometimes years to accomplish.
660
00:39:14,143 --> 00:39:16,855
Curiosity's been on the surfacefor a little more than three years now,
661
00:39:16,938 --> 00:39:18,940
and we guess that a human could do that
within a week.
662
00:39:19,023 --> 00:39:21,484
All the science that we've done
so far in that three years,
663
00:39:21,568 --> 00:39:25,029
a human could walk around, chisel rocks,
look at them, investigate them.
664
00:39:25,113 --> 00:39:28,950
Don't move that. Don't move that.
Patrick, don't move it!
665
00:39:29,033 --> 00:39:30,660
Patrick, don't move it!
666
00:39:30,743 --> 00:39:31,578
I can get it.
667
00:39:31,661 --> 00:39:35,790
Just kind of disappointed that our botdidn't function how we wanted it to.
668
00:39:35,874 --> 00:39:38,793
It was only able to completetwo or three tasks,
669
00:39:38,877 --> 00:39:42,005
rather than the about sixthat we had planned for.
670
00:39:42,088 --> 00:39:42,964
Oh no!
671
00:39:44,757 --> 00:39:46,175
It's broken. Oh no!
672
00:39:47,468 --> 00:39:49,929
I've yet to seea ticker tape parade for robots.
673
00:39:50,013 --> 00:39:51,764
Or a high school named after a robot.
674
00:39:51,848 --> 00:39:56,311
So, there's the vicarious value
that one of us experiences that
675
00:39:56,394 --> 00:39:57,854
and comes back to talk about it.
676
00:39:57,937 --> 00:39:59,647
You can touch that person.
677
00:39:59,731 --> 00:40:03,902
And that person carried outthe dreams of a civilization.
678
00:40:05,153 --> 00:40:08,239
- No!
- Yo, man. Just keep going!
679
00:40:08,323 --> 00:40:12,243
- Ten seconds!
- Nine, eight, seven, six...
680
00:40:12,327 --> 00:40:17,665
...five, four, three, two, one...
681
00:40:17,749 --> 00:40:19,792
- Zero!
- Stop all your robots!
682
00:40:19,876 --> 00:40:21,002
Programming error.
683
00:40:21,085 --> 00:40:24,797
Bot didn't function properlyas how it was intended to.
684
00:40:24,881 --> 00:40:29,636
It didn't performas it did during testing.
685
00:40:31,179 --> 00:40:35,850
It was really kind of down to me,
and I kind of failed at the last second.
686
00:40:46,527 --> 00:40:50,156
The best thing about Marsand why everybody wants to go to Mars
687
00:40:50,239 --> 00:40:51,991
is because we have rovers there.
688
00:40:52,075 --> 00:40:54,243
We have machines, examples,
689
00:40:54,327 --> 00:40:59,165
everything from it that says,
"Hey come, come to Mars, come to Mars."
690
00:41:02,168 --> 00:41:03,670
Can this be one of our layers?
691
00:41:03,753 --> 00:41:06,422
Yeah! You can use that
as one of your layers!
692
00:41:06,506 --> 00:41:08,758
OK, we're naming it
Neil Applestrong.
693
00:41:10,510 --> 00:41:15,223
Applenaut training, so that's where
we have an astronaut that's a green apple
694
00:41:15,306 --> 00:41:16,724
and we make a space suit for it.
695
00:41:16,808 --> 00:41:18,977
A really good wayto look at a space suit
696
00:41:19,060 --> 00:41:22,897
is it has to keep you alive
with oxygen and pressure.
697
00:41:22,981 --> 00:41:24,273
So a one-minute test.
698
00:41:24,357 --> 00:41:26,693
When it comes out
you're gonna blot it dry.
699
00:41:26,776 --> 00:41:28,403
We'll walk over to the hot box.
700
00:41:28,987 --> 00:41:30,989
Go. Down, down, down.
701
00:41:31,572 --> 00:41:33,366
When it comes to space, I know a lot.
702
00:41:34,575 --> 00:41:36,077
Stop! Hold them up.
703
00:41:36,911 --> 00:41:38,121
Oh, no!
704
00:41:39,539 --> 00:41:40,498
This is unfortunate.
705
00:41:40,581 --> 00:41:42,333
- What?
- I think there's water inside.
706
00:41:42,417 --> 00:41:46,921
People living in space for a year now, that's huge for me. I love it.
707
00:41:47,005 --> 00:41:51,342
And it's like, whoa! I want to
live in space for five years now!
708
00:41:54,095 --> 00:41:55,888
To apply to become an astronaut,
709
00:41:55,972 --> 00:41:58,516
all you have to dois go to the NASA website
710
00:41:58,599 --> 00:42:02,562
and you'll find a PDF that you can
download, fill out, send back in.
711
00:42:02,645 --> 00:42:05,064
The basic requirements to be an astronaut
712
00:42:05,148 --> 00:42:08,192
are not actually
that difficult to achieve.
713
00:42:08,276 --> 00:42:13,865
You need to have a four-year degreein a related field of STEM:
714
00:42:13,948 --> 00:42:16,492
Science, Technology,Engineering, and Math.
715
00:42:16,576 --> 00:42:19,245
You need to have thingssuch as general good health,
716
00:42:19,328 --> 00:42:22,665
reasonably good eyesight,hearing, those types of things.
717
00:42:23,249 --> 00:42:26,294
But it's when you look at
the requirements that aren't stated
718
00:42:26,377 --> 00:42:28,129
that things become more difficult.
719
00:42:29,756 --> 00:42:32,383
The original group of seven folks,
720
00:42:32,467 --> 00:42:34,969
they were all military background
when they came into the office.
721
00:42:35,053 --> 00:42:37,764
But of course the missionof actually going on to Mars
722
00:42:37,847 --> 00:42:39,891
really requiresa wide range of experiences,
723
00:42:39,974 --> 00:42:43,102
and so that includes medical doctors,it includes scientists,
724
00:42:43,186 --> 00:42:44,812
pretty much everything under the sun.
725
00:42:45,396 --> 00:42:47,648
I think I get smarter as I get older!
726
00:42:47,732 --> 00:42:49,734
My time here as an astronaut
727
00:42:49,817 --> 00:42:52,070
and my ability
to have gone to space two times
728
00:42:52,153 --> 00:42:54,447
has helped taken some baby steps
729
00:42:54,530 --> 00:42:57,742
to take that next generationof space explorers even further.
730
00:42:59,994 --> 00:43:01,579
I'm way too old to go to Mars.
731
00:43:01,662 --> 00:43:05,333
25, 30 years from now,
I'm gonna be 85, 90 years-old.
732
00:43:05,416 --> 00:43:07,543
No way is NASA sending me to Mars.
733
00:43:09,629 --> 00:43:12,632
The Mars Generation,is the generation of today.
734
00:43:12,715 --> 00:43:16,928
It's in their DNA to become
the astronauts, to explore the red planet.
735
00:43:17,011 --> 00:43:20,139
Ever since I was a little kid,I've wanted to be an astronaut.
736
00:43:20,223 --> 00:43:24,769
Going to Mars is definitely something thatwould help NASA to draw public interest
737
00:43:24,852 --> 00:43:27,313
and to reignite
that fire we have for space travel.
738
00:43:28,022 --> 00:43:30,358
We were bornat exactly the right time.
739
00:43:30,441 --> 00:43:33,903
We will be in our early 30s around thetime we are predicted to set foot on Mars.
740
00:43:33,986 --> 00:43:37,240
And Neil Armstrong was only 38
when he set foot on the Moon.
741
00:43:37,824 --> 00:43:40,660
The age you should reallystart focusing more
742
00:43:40,743 --> 00:43:43,538
and becoming really seriousabout becoming an astronaut
743
00:43:43,621 --> 00:43:46,415
is for me,
would probably be now,
744
00:43:46,499 --> 00:43:47,625
so around 14.
745
00:43:47,708 --> 00:43:49,502
Mainly because I'm starting to get
746
00:43:49,585 --> 00:43:52,171
those certifications that I'll needin the future,
747
00:43:52,255 --> 00:43:54,966
such as SCUBA diving certification,pilot's license
748
00:43:55,049 --> 00:43:56,717
and sky diving certification.
749
00:43:58,010 --> 00:44:02,390
When I got into space heavily,I was probably about 13.
750
00:44:02,473 --> 00:44:05,017
If I had the chance to go to Mars,
I would absolutely take it.
751
00:44:05,101 --> 00:44:06,769
Like, I wouldn't even think about it.
752
00:44:07,395 --> 00:44:10,064
I love space. I want to bean astronaut one day.
753
00:44:10,148 --> 00:44:13,401
If I died on Mars,
it would be sad, obviously.
754
00:44:13,484 --> 00:44:16,946
But at least I would have died
achieving my lifelong dream!
755
00:44:19,824 --> 00:44:21,951
It takesa certain kind of person.
756
00:44:22,034 --> 00:44:23,286
Most of us aren't those people.
757
00:44:23,369 --> 00:44:27,373
We are fortunate, we've always been
fortunate as a species,
758
00:44:27,456 --> 00:44:29,375
that there are people like that.
759
00:44:30,376 --> 00:44:33,546
We have to be honestwith the young generation of astronauts.
760
00:44:33,629 --> 00:44:36,007
And that is, yes, there are dangers,
761
00:44:36,090 --> 00:44:38,426
dangers that can be quantified,
762
00:44:38,509 --> 00:44:43,764
but nonetheless dangers that will involve
perhaps injury, perhaps even death.
763
00:44:45,516 --> 00:44:49,103
All pilots learn how to
escape from a crashed helicopter.
764
00:44:49,187 --> 00:44:51,939
Because if you crash,
what's gonna come save you?
765
00:44:52,023 --> 00:44:53,274
A helicopter.
766
00:44:53,357 --> 00:44:56,861
What rescued the Apollo
and, before, astronauts out of the ocean?
767
00:44:56,944 --> 00:44:59,405
- A helicopter.
- A helicopter.
768
00:45:00,656 --> 00:45:03,534
When you go in, you'll receive a number,
like you were told before:
769
00:45:03,618 --> 00:45:05,328
one, two, three, four, five, six.
770
00:45:05,411 --> 00:45:08,664
You will exit in the reverse order:
six, five, four, three, two, one.
771
00:45:08,748 --> 00:45:10,958
There's only one place that you will exit.
772
00:45:11,042 --> 00:45:14,962
We do water survivalso that we can learn what to do
773
00:45:15,046 --> 00:45:17,131
if something goes horribly wrong.
774
00:45:17,214 --> 00:45:18,841
We're going down!
775
00:45:26,223 --> 00:45:29,644
If something happens and the hatch blows off of our spacecraft,
776
00:45:29,727 --> 00:45:30,937
it starts flooding,
777
00:45:31,020 --> 00:45:34,732
you have to learn how to get out
and get out fast.
778
00:45:37,985 --> 00:45:39,528
Thank you, Instructor!
779
00:45:40,363 --> 00:45:42,031
If you're in a dangerous situation
780
00:45:42,114 --> 00:45:45,826
where you're inside of a metal cageand it starts filling up with water,
781
00:45:45,910 --> 00:45:48,788
you better know how to swimand you better know how to get out.
782
00:45:48,871 --> 00:45:50,957
Because you're gonna die.
Metal doesn't float.
783
00:45:51,040 --> 00:45:54,168
- Everybody out!
- Six out! Five, go!
784
00:45:55,878 --> 00:45:59,840
You have to rely on your team to swim outbefore it goes all the way under.
785
00:45:59,924 --> 00:46:02,635
And it's all aboutgetting people to work together.
786
00:46:02,718 --> 00:46:06,222
Because nobody cango to space alone on their own.
787
00:46:06,305 --> 00:46:09,350
Nobody has so far,
and I don't believe anybody will.
788
00:46:09,433 --> 00:46:12,061
- You all ready for this?
- Yeah, I'm pumped.
789
00:46:13,688 --> 00:46:16,357
I would definitely be willing to die
to go to Mars.
790
00:46:22,071 --> 00:46:26,242
My life is worth all the things that the
human race as a whole gain from that.
791
00:46:43,300 --> 00:46:45,219
When we went to the Moon,
792
00:46:45,302 --> 00:46:49,849
we lost three astronautsbefore we ever got off the ground
793
00:46:49,932 --> 00:46:53,019
in the Apollo 1 fire on the pad.
794
00:46:54,812 --> 00:46:58,482
It was all overin one stunned, horrifying second.
795
00:46:58,566 --> 00:47:00,860
An electrical spark apparently shot out
796
00:47:00,943 --> 00:47:04,655
and ignited the 100% oxygen in the cabinthat they were breathing,
797
00:47:04,739 --> 00:47:06,699
as in a real spaceflight.
798
00:47:06,782 --> 00:47:08,701
The crewmen never had a chance.
799
00:47:10,578 --> 00:47:12,705
Now we come into the Space Shuttle,
800
00:47:12,788 --> 00:47:14,707
and it's supposed to be routine.
801
00:47:15,666 --> 00:47:19,754
And it's supposed to be this low incident.
802
00:47:19,837 --> 00:47:24,925
Well, it almost happened to us
on the 24th flight.
803
00:47:25,009 --> 00:47:28,220
Four scrubs, any one of which,had we launched,
804
00:47:28,304 --> 00:47:30,347
it would have not been a good day.
805
00:47:31,223 --> 00:47:34,268
But then it happened to the 25th flight.
806
00:47:34,351 --> 00:47:38,731
Three, two, one, and liftoff.
807
00:47:39,356 --> 00:47:43,986
Liftoff of the 25th Space Shuttle missionand it has cleared the tower.
808
00:47:45,613 --> 00:47:48,741
So the 25th Space Shuttle mission is now on the way,
809
00:47:48,824 --> 00:47:52,203
after more delaysthan NASA cares to count.
810
00:47:52,286 --> 00:47:55,915
This morning it looked as thoughthey were not going to be able to get off.
811
00:47:57,541 --> 00:48:00,377
1 minute 15 seconds,
velocity 2,900 feet per second.
812
00:48:00,461 --> 00:48:03,798
Altitude 9 nautical miles,downrange just at 7 nautical miles.
813
00:48:25,778 --> 00:48:28,572
I want to say somethingto the school children of America
814
00:48:28,656 --> 00:48:31,575
who were watching the live coverageof the Shuttle's takeoff.
815
00:48:32,243 --> 00:48:33,869
I know it's hard to understand,
816
00:48:33,953 --> 00:48:36,622
but sometimespainful things like this happen.
817
00:48:37,248 --> 00:48:40,042
It's all part of the processof exploration and discovery.
818
00:48:41,168 --> 00:48:45,131
It's all part of taking a chance
and expanding man's horizons.
819
00:48:45,965 --> 00:48:48,384
The future doesn't belongto the fainthearted.
820
00:48:49,093 --> 00:48:50,386
It belongs to the brave.
821
00:48:59,019 --> 00:49:02,940
What we're seeing hereis very ominous indeed.
822
00:49:03,023 --> 00:49:10,030
These are pictures which tell the storythat is clearly the Shuttle breaking up.
823
00:49:10,114 --> 00:49:11,991
Somebody once asked me,
824
00:49:12,074 --> 00:49:16,954
"Is it possible to write an article
on three ways to make the Shuttle safer?"
825
00:49:17,037 --> 00:49:19,874
And my answer is
"Yes, I can write it right now.
826
00:49:19,957 --> 00:49:24,962
Don't fly Discovery,
don't fly Atlantis, don't fly Endeavour.
827
00:49:25,045 --> 00:49:26,338
Problem solved."
828
00:49:26,422 --> 00:49:27,256
But we flew.
829
00:49:27,339 --> 00:49:28,883
We lost no more people
830
00:49:28,966 --> 00:49:32,178
and the program ended insomething close to triumph.
831
00:49:32,261 --> 00:49:34,054
But 14 people died.
832
00:49:35,222 --> 00:49:37,850
All three engines up and working.
833
00:49:37,933 --> 00:49:41,478
Two, one, zero. And liftoff!
834
00:49:41,562 --> 00:49:43,814
The final liftoff of Atlantis.
835
00:49:43,898 --> 00:49:47,985
On the shoulders of the Space Shuttle.America will continue the dream.
836
00:49:49,737 --> 00:49:52,656
I really feel that it'sa part of each of our legacies
837
00:49:52,740 --> 00:49:55,826
to carry on that piece that those astronauts that we lost started.
838
00:49:55,910 --> 00:49:58,871
Their legacy isthat we can continue the journey.
839
00:49:58,954 --> 00:50:01,874
If we don't, we won't be able
to continue to evolve our presence
840
00:50:01,957 --> 00:50:04,043
in low Earth orbit and on to Mars.
841
00:50:04,126 --> 00:50:07,004
The Space Shuttle spreads its wings one final time
842
00:50:07,087 --> 00:50:09,506
for the start of a sentimental journeyinto history.
843
00:50:10,424 --> 00:50:11,717
One of the big ideas
844
00:50:11,800 --> 00:50:15,804
for why to retire the Shuttle
became this idea of going to Mars.
845
00:50:15,888 --> 00:50:17,932
Let's leave low Earth orbit
846
00:50:18,015 --> 00:50:21,101
and let's start going out furtherto explore Mars.
847
00:50:21,185 --> 00:50:23,479
Hello!This is the International Space Station!
848
00:50:23,562 --> 00:50:25,814
Well this is President Obama.Who am I talking to?
849
00:50:26,649 --> 00:50:27,733
Hello, Mr. President!
850
00:50:27,816 --> 00:50:29,777
You're talking to the increment 28 crew
851
00:50:29,860 --> 00:50:31,946
and the crew
of the Space Shuttle Atlantis.
852
00:50:32,029 --> 00:50:35,282
Well, this mission marks thefinal flight of the Space Shuttle program.
853
00:50:35,366 --> 00:50:41,413
It also ushers in an exciting new erato push the frontiers of space exploration
854
00:50:41,497 --> 00:50:46,001
and human space flight beyond Earth,and ultimately sending humans to Mars.
855
00:50:46,085 --> 00:50:48,879
One of the reasons
that the Space Shuttle had to be retired
856
00:50:48,963 --> 00:50:51,507
is that it was so expensive to operate
857
00:50:51,590 --> 00:50:55,469
that we couldn't afford to invest
in the development of its successor.
858
00:50:55,552 --> 00:50:57,388
That's why we've actually had a gap.
859
00:50:57,471 --> 00:51:00,266
Having firedthe imagination of a generation,
860
00:51:00,349 --> 00:51:04,186
a ship like no other,its place in history secured,
861
00:51:04,270 --> 00:51:07,564
the Space Shuttle pulls into portfor the last time.
862
00:51:07,648 --> 00:51:10,776
When the Gemini program ended, no one shed a tear
863
00:51:10,859 --> 00:51:14,822
because the mighty Saturn 5 rocket
was sitting in an adjacent launch pad
864
00:51:14,905 --> 00:51:18,492
ready to continue that mission,
and we knew that was going to the Moon.
865
00:51:18,575 --> 00:51:21,287
When people shed a tearfor the last Shuttle landing,
866
00:51:21,370 --> 00:51:24,999
I accuse them of shedding a tearnot because they'd miss the Shuttle,
867
00:51:25,082 --> 00:51:29,003
but because there was not a next spaceshipto continue this adventure
868
00:51:29,086 --> 00:51:32,256
that we could all then turn to and say,
"Mothball the Shuttle,
869
00:51:32,339 --> 00:51:34,800
we're going to the next suite
of launch vehicles."
870
00:51:34,883 --> 00:51:37,094
There was nothing there,
it was an empty launch pad.
871
00:51:49,815 --> 00:51:52,318
I'm a little embarrassedthat to get into space
872
00:51:52,401 --> 00:51:54,653
we gotta hitch a ride with the Russians.
873
00:51:54,737 --> 00:51:58,907
We're not even hitching a ride,
we're buying the seats on the Soyuz vessel
874
00:51:58,991 --> 00:52:02,077
to get to and from the International
Space Station that we built.
875
00:52:02,161 --> 00:52:05,039
So it's a little embarrassing!
I'll be honest with you.
876
00:52:10,544 --> 00:52:11,754
Who'd have thought
877
00:52:11,837 --> 00:52:14,631
that with all the intense rivalrywith the Russians to go to the Moon
878
00:52:14,715 --> 00:52:19,678
that we would be dependent upon
hitching a ride on the Soyuz spacecraft?
879
00:52:22,681 --> 00:52:26,352
Let's say there's a crisis that eruptssome place on the planet Earth
880
00:52:26,435 --> 00:52:30,272
and all of a sudden we're in this awkward
situation of being beholden to them
881
00:52:30,356 --> 00:52:32,066
for access to outer space.
882
00:52:32,149 --> 00:52:34,818
Perhaps that's not such a good policy.
883
00:52:38,781 --> 00:52:42,910
It's been costly to buy seats on the Soyuz from the Russians.
884
00:52:42,993 --> 00:52:46,580
We don't like being absolutely dependent
on one other country
885
00:52:46,663 --> 00:52:50,793
for anything as important as being able
to get our astronauts into space.
886
00:52:52,544 --> 00:52:57,758
I think the idea that we have to pay
Russia $70 million
887
00:52:57,841 --> 00:53:02,679
to send astronauts, our astronauts,
American astronauts, to the ISS
888
00:53:02,763 --> 00:53:04,598
is absolutely ridiculous.
889
00:53:09,061 --> 00:53:11,980
If you talk tothe average person on the street,
890
00:53:12,064 --> 00:53:14,108
they think the space program is over.
891
00:53:14,191 --> 00:53:17,236
They associate our space program
892
00:53:17,319 --> 00:53:21,865
with Americans flying on American rockets.
893
00:53:21,949 --> 00:53:26,245
Not flying on the Soyuz
that we fly on right now.
894
00:53:26,954 --> 00:53:28,247
Liftoff.
895
00:53:28,330 --> 00:53:31,417
Liftoff of the Soyuz TMA-05M
896
00:53:31,500 --> 00:53:35,045
carrying Suni Williams,Yuri Malenchenko and Aki Hoshide
897
00:53:35,129 --> 00:53:37,923
on a two-day journeyto the International Space Station.
898
00:53:38,590 --> 00:53:41,510
The reason why we putthe International Space Station
899
00:53:41,593 --> 00:53:42,803
up there in the first place
900
00:53:42,886 --> 00:53:46,765
is so that we could start doinglong-term experiments
901
00:53:46,849 --> 00:53:51,103
on how a human
will be able to survive in space.
902
00:53:51,186 --> 00:53:54,106
Because the journey to Mars
is going to take a long time.
903
00:53:54,731 --> 00:53:55,858
You ready?
904
00:53:55,941 --> 00:53:57,276
- Yeah, go for it.- Set?
905
00:53:57,860 --> 00:54:02,156
-Go.
-Two, three, four...
906
00:54:02,573 --> 00:54:04,992
All right, so when an astronautgoes into space,
907
00:54:05,075 --> 00:54:07,411
their body has a hard time
adjusting to the fact
908
00:54:07,494 --> 00:54:10,289
that now everything in their stomach
is floating around.
909
00:54:10,372 --> 00:54:13,917
The fluid in their ears is floating around
and that's how we sense motion.
910
00:54:14,001 --> 00:54:17,546
...twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen.
911
00:54:17,629 --> 00:54:21,592
Your ears are telling youthat you're moving, you know,
912
00:54:21,675 --> 00:54:23,343
you're not standing still.
913
00:54:23,427 --> 00:54:27,639
But your eyes are telling you different,
and astronauts have gotten sick from this.
914
00:54:27,723 --> 00:54:32,144
...41, 42, 43, 44, 45.
915
00:54:35,772 --> 00:54:36,940
Take off the blindfold.
916
00:54:37,566 --> 00:54:38,484
What?
917
00:54:40,068 --> 00:54:40,903
Dude.
918
00:54:43,614 --> 00:54:46,408
- You feel super disoriented, right?
- I'm still spinning!
919
00:54:51,455 --> 00:54:55,083
Space, in general,is a very dangerous place to go.
920
00:54:55,167 --> 00:54:59,630
Space wasn't really meant
for humans to kind of be in.
921
00:54:59,713 --> 00:55:01,215
Hello! I'm Suni Williams.
922
00:55:01,298 --> 00:55:03,759
I'm up hereon the International Space Station.
923
00:55:03,842 --> 00:55:05,761
All right, come on back.
There's more to show you.
924
00:55:09,348 --> 00:55:11,016
One of the things we do is we exercise.
925
00:55:11,099 --> 00:55:14,603
We have some exercise equipment
onboard the Space Station.
926
00:55:14,686 --> 00:55:17,606
A lot of our research up on the International Space Station right now
927
00:55:17,689 --> 00:55:21,401
is looking at ways to minimizemuscle loss, to minimize bone loss,
928
00:55:21,485 --> 00:55:24,905
to minimize the effectsof radiation on the astronauts.
929
00:55:24,988 --> 00:55:26,490
And why do we do this today?
930
00:55:26,573 --> 00:55:29,535
It's all in regard to
these future missions going to Mars.
931
00:55:29,618 --> 00:55:32,120
You might have noticeda little moon on the outside.
932
00:55:32,204 --> 00:55:37,084
This is our orbital outhouse right here.
It serves for two functions.
933
00:55:37,167 --> 00:55:41,255
And, of course, you do have your privacy.
There's a little door.
934
00:55:41,713 --> 00:55:46,260
One of the really important things about
living and working in space long term
935
00:55:46,343 --> 00:55:50,264
is to learn how to recycle
all the things you need,
936
00:55:50,347 --> 00:55:52,641
rather than bring them up
from the Earth.
937
00:55:52,724 --> 00:55:56,520
Some of the obstacles thatwe face heading to Mars is we need water.
938
00:55:56,603 --> 00:55:58,063
Water is a major resource.
939
00:55:58,146 --> 00:56:00,107
Right now, we're working
with the ECLSS system
940
00:56:00,190 --> 00:56:03,193
where we can turn
our own urine into water.
941
00:56:03,277 --> 00:56:07,239
- Oh, lost volume, OK I got you.
- We lost like a few milligrams.
942
00:56:09,032 --> 00:56:12,494
The thing is, if we were to use the cotton
we would lose so much.
943
00:56:12,578 --> 00:56:16,206
ECLSS is the EnvironmentalControl and Life Support System.
944
00:56:16,290 --> 00:56:19,209
It is the way that astronauts breathe
945
00:56:19,293 --> 00:56:22,045
and it purifies the water
on the ISS for them.
946
00:56:23,046 --> 00:56:25,632
It's still at 100.
Where's ammonia?
947
00:56:26,133 --> 00:56:28,385
-Somewhere.
-Yeah, ammo chips.
948
00:56:28,468 --> 00:56:32,514
Mars is the next placethat we should explore,
949
00:56:32,598 --> 00:56:36,685
because we've already been to the Moon
and Mars just seems like the next step.
950
00:56:36,768 --> 00:56:39,855
I want to test the pasta cause
it could absorb some of the color.
951
00:56:39,938 --> 00:56:41,273
That's what I'm thinking.
952
00:56:41,356 --> 00:56:42,983
Mars has so many cool things.
953
00:56:43,066 --> 00:56:47,446
Like it has water and the possibility
of old extraterrestrial life
954
00:56:47,529 --> 00:56:49,698
that doesn't exist there anymore.
955
00:56:49,781 --> 00:56:54,286
So it would be great to see if we could
find some answers to all of that.
956
00:56:54,369 --> 00:56:59,249
-I think maybe gravel and then charcoal.
-And then ammonia and then sand.
957
00:57:00,167 --> 00:57:02,336
Oh look at, look at
the color in this itself.
958
00:57:02,419 --> 00:57:04,671
It doesn't actually retain
any of the water.
959
00:57:06,506 --> 00:57:09,885
Right now we're filtering water.
So we have this terrible mix of water.
960
00:57:09,968 --> 00:57:11,219
It's got like a pH of three.
961
00:57:11,303 --> 00:57:13,388
It's not even water.
It's just like poison.
962
00:57:13,472 --> 00:57:17,392
They hinted that we are going totake this water, make our own filters,
963
00:57:17,476 --> 00:57:18,602
and then drink it,
964
00:57:18,685 --> 00:57:21,605
and hopefullyit's not terrible and kills us.
965
00:57:21,688 --> 00:57:24,566
That'd be very much appreciated
if we don't die from it.
966
00:57:24,650 --> 00:57:28,195
Water used to be delivered
in water-filled bags like this one.
967
00:57:28,278 --> 00:57:33,867
But since 2010, we got a system onboardthat can purify the water real time.
968
00:57:33,951 --> 00:57:36,286
We have filtersand a keg-size distiller
969
00:57:36,370 --> 00:57:40,791
that, with it, we can recycle about6,000 liters of extra water each year.
970
00:57:40,874 --> 00:57:42,960
Right now,
we're holding acidic water.
971
00:57:43,043 --> 00:57:45,420
And our hopes are
that lima beans are basic
972
00:57:45,504 --> 00:57:49,216
and will counteract
the acidity in this disgusting mess.
973
00:57:49,299 --> 00:57:51,843
We're running it through
the lima beans three times,
974
00:57:51,927 --> 00:57:54,221
and then we're gonna
test the pH afterwards.
975
00:57:54,304 --> 00:57:58,308
By some miracle, the water will be
slightly more basic than we started out.
976
00:57:59,977 --> 00:58:01,853
I actually care a lot about this.
977
00:58:01,937 --> 00:58:05,857
I feel like clean water
is probably the most important thing ever.
978
00:58:05,941 --> 00:58:08,652
Just because, at least here on Earth,
979
00:58:08,735 --> 00:58:13,031
we still have over a billion people
who don't have access to clean water.
980
00:58:13,657 --> 00:58:16,493
I want to say four.
That's a solid acidic of four.
981
00:58:16,576 --> 00:58:19,287
We can accomplishso much in such little time,
982
00:58:19,371 --> 00:58:20,914
like landing on the Moon.
983
00:58:20,998 --> 00:58:25,002
People need to understand going to Mars,it's gonna be an expensive mission.
984
00:58:25,085 --> 00:58:28,922
But the technologies
that we'll develop from that itself
985
00:58:29,006 --> 00:58:31,091
will pay off all that cost
986
00:58:31,174 --> 00:58:34,886
because it'll pump new technologies
and more industries into our economy.
987
00:58:40,934 --> 00:58:45,355
Most people don't realize how muchNASA has done for us and for our society.
988
00:58:45,439 --> 00:58:48,859
When you look atthe lives that we live right now,
989
00:58:48,942 --> 00:58:51,695
they wouldn't be possible without NASA.
990
00:58:51,778 --> 00:58:57,451
CAT scans, MRIs,the small cameras in our iPhones.
991
00:58:57,534 --> 00:59:01,496
All of this has originated
in our U.S. space program.
992
00:59:02,289 --> 00:59:04,207
The Apollo program alone
993
00:59:04,291 --> 00:59:06,835
was the reason computerstook the advances to where they are.
994
00:59:06,918 --> 00:59:09,546
So if we go to Mars,I'm sure we're gonna get tech advances
995
00:59:09,629 --> 00:59:12,090
in ways that we can't even fathom.
996
00:59:14,301 --> 00:59:20,057
One of the things Mars can offer us
is growth and stimulation of the economy.
997
00:59:21,850 --> 00:59:25,562
People say "Oh, what isthe space program really doing for us?
998
00:59:25,645 --> 00:59:28,648
We spend all these tax dollars
into NASA. What does it give us?"
999
00:59:28,732 --> 00:59:33,070
Space travel has one of
the highest rates of return on money
1000
00:59:33,153 --> 00:59:34,154
that we put into it.
1001
00:59:39,826 --> 00:59:42,913
The space programhas more than paid for itself.
1002
00:59:42,996 --> 00:59:46,541
Telecommunications, the internet,weather satellites,
1003
00:59:46,625 --> 00:59:49,669
all of it done in outer space.
1004
00:59:49,753 --> 00:59:52,130
In fact, if you shut downthe space program,
1005
00:59:52,214 --> 00:59:55,801
we would be hurled back
almost a century into the past.
1006
00:59:59,221 --> 01:00:01,098
Everybody in space, please listen up.
1007
01:00:01,181 --> 01:00:03,558
Whenever we approach
whatever that payload is,
1008
01:00:03,642 --> 01:00:05,519
we need to be wearing protective gear.
1009
01:00:05,602 --> 01:00:08,021
Make it very clear
we will wear protective gear
1010
01:00:08,105 --> 01:00:09,564
in the search for the payload.
1011
01:00:09,648 --> 01:00:13,318
I think we should go to Marsbecause we can.
1012
01:00:13,401 --> 01:00:15,362
We can do all these things.
1013
01:00:15,445 --> 01:00:18,240
And it's just, I feel like
it's kind of sad that we haven't already.
1014
01:00:18,323 --> 01:00:21,368
Because we have developed
technologies to do things like this.
1015
01:00:21,451 --> 01:00:23,829
We definitely have the intelligence.
1016
01:00:23,912 --> 01:00:26,456
The biggest thing we're missing
is public support.
1017
01:00:26,540 --> 01:00:28,625
I'm gonna write down
some information for you.
1018
01:00:28,708 --> 01:00:31,795
If they have to do an ISS reboot...
Get a piece of paper ready.
1019
01:00:31,878 --> 01:00:38,051
I know people who think
that NASA was mothballed.
1020
01:00:38,135 --> 01:00:40,595
NASA doesn't exist anymore.
NASA's out of business.
1021
01:00:40,679 --> 01:00:44,015
That, in and of itself, is sad.
1022
01:00:44,099 --> 01:00:48,770
I think right now we should be monitoring,
cabin pressure, O2, that kind of stuff.
1023
01:00:48,854 --> 01:00:51,731
And I'm gonna be needing to do
med checks soon, just to see.
1024
01:00:51,815 --> 01:00:54,860
All right. And use all the computers
to monitor vital systems.
1025
01:00:54,943 --> 01:00:58,071
Space is always there.Space is a constant presence.
1026
01:00:58,155 --> 01:01:02,075
When people ask me,
"Isn't that not really a thing anymore?
1027
01:01:02,159 --> 01:01:04,786
We don't go to space anymore."
I'm always taken aback.
1028
01:01:04,870 --> 01:01:08,623
It makes me feel like peopleare losing touch with their human spirit.
1029
01:01:08,707 --> 01:01:12,335
Is there any information of what this
confidential payload may look like?
1030
01:01:12,419 --> 01:01:14,921
The information we have
is that it's experimental.
1031
01:01:15,005 --> 01:01:17,674
It can pretty much go anywhere,
do anything.
1032
01:01:17,757 --> 01:01:20,093
It is not contained and it is dangerous.
1033
01:01:20,177 --> 01:01:22,637
You need to protect yourselvesand be very careful.
1034
01:01:23,805 --> 01:01:24,973
We're on the look.
1035
01:01:25,056 --> 01:01:26,266
We don't have a shuttle.
1036
01:01:26,349 --> 01:01:29,519
We don't have any way to get to spaceourselves right now.
1037
01:01:29,603 --> 01:01:33,815
But I do believe that
the U.S. space system, it's still a force.
1038
01:01:41,072 --> 01:01:43,366
I know there have beena number of questions raised
1039
01:01:43,450 --> 01:01:46,161
about my administration's planfor space exploration,
1040
01:01:46,244 --> 01:01:48,914
and these questions comeat a time of transition.
1041
01:01:48,997 --> 01:01:50,916
And in order to reach the Space Station,
1042
01:01:50,999 --> 01:01:54,211
we will work with
a growing array of private companies
1043
01:01:54,294 --> 01:01:58,632
competing to make getting to space
easier and more affordable.
1044
01:01:58,715 --> 01:02:00,342
The next President of the U.S.,
1045
01:02:00,425 --> 01:02:03,553
they will have two American companies,
Boeing and SpaceX,
1046
01:02:03,637 --> 01:02:05,972
that will launch from the space coast
1047
01:02:06,056 --> 01:02:09,976
carrying the first-evercommercial crew vehicles
1048
01:02:10,060 --> 01:02:13,396
that are gonna carry Americansto the International Space Station.
1049
01:02:13,480 --> 01:02:16,983
By buying the services
of space transportation,
1050
01:02:17,067 --> 01:02:18,985
rather than the vehicles themselves,
1051
01:02:19,069 --> 01:02:20,987
we can accelerate the pace of innovations,
1052
01:02:21,071 --> 01:02:25,075
as companies, from young startupsto established leaders,
1053
01:02:25,158 --> 01:02:27,619
compete to design and build and launch
1054
01:02:27,702 --> 01:02:30,705
new means of carrying people
and materials out of our atmosphere.
1055
01:02:30,789 --> 01:02:33,124
We cannot dodeep space exploration,
1056
01:02:33,208 --> 01:02:35,752
particularly with humans,without these partnerships.
1057
01:02:35,835 --> 01:02:38,713
They're carrying our astronautsto the International Space Station.
1058
01:02:38,797 --> 01:02:43,176
And all of this is in preparation for,
or as a part, of the journey to Mars.
1059
01:02:43,260 --> 01:02:46,388
We expect new spacecraft
designed for long journeys
1060
01:02:46,471 --> 01:02:51,184
to allow us to begin the first-ever crewed
missions beyond the Moon into deep space.
1061
01:02:51,268 --> 01:02:55,397
Because exploration will once moreinspire wonder in a new generation.
1062
01:02:56,106 --> 01:02:57,857
The SLS Space Launch System
1063
01:02:57,941 --> 01:03:00,485
is a new way for people to get to space.
1064
01:03:02,862 --> 01:03:05,448
There's a lot more of space to explore,
1065
01:03:05,532 --> 01:03:07,701
and a lot more to learn when we do.
1066
01:03:07,784 --> 01:03:10,495
The Space Launch System
is the new rocket for the agency.
1067
01:03:10,578 --> 01:03:13,456
It can take us to Mars.
It can take us to deep space.
1068
01:03:13,540 --> 01:03:16,918
We're gonna have the largest,most powerful rocket ever known to man.
1069
01:03:17,002 --> 01:03:20,463
I don't think there isanother vehicle on the drawing board
1070
01:03:20,547 --> 01:03:24,384
that matches the capability that SLS has.
1071
01:03:25,510 --> 01:03:29,222
The way NASAis planning on getting to Mars
1072
01:03:29,306 --> 01:03:31,474
is using the SLS
Space Launch System rocket.
1073
01:03:31,558 --> 01:03:34,853
The SLS crew compartment will go to space.
1074
01:03:34,936 --> 01:03:37,814
And then the Orion capsule,which will be on top,
1075
01:03:37,897 --> 01:03:41,526
will separate and start headingtowards the trajectory of Mars.
1076
01:03:44,487 --> 01:03:46,656
When you look at the Orion crew module,
1077
01:03:46,740 --> 01:03:50,952
you notice that it looks likethe shape of the Apollo capsule.
1078
01:03:51,036 --> 01:03:54,581
But the reason that shape is used
is because the physics haven't changed.
1079
01:03:57,334 --> 01:04:01,963
We're going to Mars.
It'll be in the decade of the 2030s.
1080
01:04:02,047 --> 01:04:07,969
And we're building the systems,the hardware, that will get us there.
1081
01:04:08,053 --> 01:04:09,971
By the mid 2030s,
1082
01:04:10,055 --> 01:04:14,309
I believe we can send humans to orbit Marsand return them safely to Earth.
1083
01:04:15,226 --> 01:04:19,189
And a landing on Mars will follow.
And I expect to be around to see it.
1084
01:04:28,782 --> 01:04:31,326
Let's have one person
from each engineering team
1085
01:04:31,409 --> 01:04:32,786
come and get your tray.
1086
01:04:33,578 --> 01:04:36,039
Right now, NASA is working
on the Orion capsule
1087
01:04:36,122 --> 01:04:37,791
which is going to take us to Mars.
1088
01:04:37,874 --> 01:04:41,127
Two things of aluminum foil,
a cork, and some spackle.
1089
01:04:41,211 --> 01:04:43,630
OK, so this is how thick we have.
Can I take this for a minute?
1090
01:04:43,713 --> 01:04:45,340
We'll come back to that when we spackle.
1091
01:04:45,423 --> 01:04:49,552
- Yeah. Do we just spackle it right here?
- Is that everything we have?
1092
01:04:49,636 --> 01:04:50,887
That's everything.
1093
01:04:50,970 --> 01:04:53,932
People have been talkingabout going to Mars
1094
01:04:54,015 --> 01:04:56,101
pretty much since we landed on the Moon
1095
01:04:56,184 --> 01:04:58,853
and discovered that Mars
is another solid surface.
1096
01:04:58,937 --> 01:05:01,481
-Thanks. OK. Great.
-Build this thing, baby!
1097
01:05:01,564 --> 01:05:04,234
A little color. Liven it up!
1098
01:05:08,822 --> 01:05:13,076
Ablative shielding is a very basic
demonstration of thermodynamics.
1099
01:05:13,159 --> 01:05:14,536
Do you want to go get it?
1100
01:05:14,619 --> 01:05:17,705
-I got it!
-OK. Have fun.
1101
01:05:17,789 --> 01:05:20,583
The pasta actually works pretty well.
And I'm not sure why.
1102
01:05:20,667 --> 01:05:22,210
There are different materials
1103
01:05:22,293 --> 01:05:25,004
that work in different ways,things that you'd never even think of.
1104
01:05:25,088 --> 01:05:26,798
Who thinks of using a sponge
1105
01:05:26,881 --> 01:05:33,888
to stop a 3,500 degree Fahrenheit flamefrom burning through a spaceship?
1106
01:05:33,972 --> 01:05:34,806
Who thinks of that?
1107
01:05:34,889 --> 01:05:36,474
I feel like this is very sturdy.
1108
01:05:38,017 --> 01:05:40,603
On Orion you're going to Mars,
1109
01:05:40,687 --> 01:05:46,276
so not only are you entering and exiting
the atmosphere in the Earth,
1110
01:05:46,359 --> 01:05:50,196
but you're also entering and exiting
the atmosphere on Mars.
1111
01:05:50,280 --> 01:05:53,241
So it's twice as important
that you have it
1112
01:05:53,324 --> 01:05:55,326
because you need to be safe!
1113
01:05:57,787 --> 01:05:59,998
I feel like NASA's gonna call us...
1114
01:06:00,999 --> 01:06:03,460
- ...after this.
- Future rocket scientists.
1115
01:06:06,880 --> 01:06:08,965
The reason the heat shield is so important
1116
01:06:09,048 --> 01:06:13,136
is because when you go to Mars
the heat generated is very intense.
1117
01:06:13,219 --> 01:06:15,597
So, a lot of care
goes into the heat shield.
1118
01:06:16,973 --> 01:06:19,267
The heat shieldgets almost 4,000 degrees,
1119
01:06:19,350 --> 01:06:21,394
as it ablates all of that energy.
1120
01:06:21,478 --> 01:06:23,688
Yet inside the crew module
it's room temperature.
1121
01:06:23,771 --> 01:06:24,856
It's just like in here.
1122
01:06:26,691 --> 01:06:28,610
I think we're feeling pretty confident.
1123
01:06:28,693 --> 01:06:30,153
Ours is destined to survive.
1124
01:06:30,236 --> 01:06:32,071
Failure is not an option for us.
1125
01:06:33,990 --> 01:06:35,366
Hey, I believe in it.
1126
01:06:41,539 --> 01:06:43,583
-So far so good!
-That's how good ours is!
1127
01:06:43,666 --> 01:06:46,211
-Propane's afraid to start.
-Yeah, really!
1128
01:06:46,294 --> 01:06:48,129
My team this year is really amazing.
1129
01:06:48,213 --> 01:06:51,090
I could not have asked
to be put with a better group of kids.
1130
01:06:51,174 --> 01:06:54,302
The vast commonology of spacedoes bring us together.
1131
01:06:55,512 --> 01:06:56,429
OK...
1132
01:06:57,222 --> 01:06:58,181
Oh, man.
1133
01:06:58,264 --> 01:07:00,558
- Ooh, it's very concentrated!
- It's cooking.
1134
01:07:00,642 --> 01:07:02,685
Look at that heat dispersion. See that?
1135
01:07:04,562 --> 01:07:06,147
I'm seeing some smoke!
1136
01:07:08,358 --> 01:07:11,653
At school I do sometimes feel like
the odd man out,
1137
01:07:11,736 --> 01:07:14,572
because I'm very much into space.
1138
01:07:14,656 --> 01:07:15,698
Come on, come on...
1139
01:07:15,782 --> 01:07:17,617
-Yikes!
-We're hitting steel.
1140
01:07:17,700 --> 01:07:23,957
I was bullied since third grade,
and that has definitely taken a toll.
1141
01:07:24,040 --> 01:07:24,874
Don't jinx it!
1142
01:07:24,958 --> 01:07:27,544
The foil is starting to come out,
like the heat.
1143
01:07:27,627 --> 01:07:30,255
One time, we were doingan experiment in science class
1144
01:07:30,338 --> 01:07:33,716
and my partner picked me because
she said apparently I looked smart.
1145
01:07:33,800 --> 01:07:37,095
I wound up doing all the work.
1146
01:07:37,762 --> 01:07:39,639
- Oh, that's not good.
- That's not good.
1147
01:07:40,848 --> 01:07:43,226
When I would ask her about something,
1148
01:07:43,309 --> 01:07:46,437
she would just be like,"Don't fail me and I'll be fine."
1149
01:07:48,231 --> 01:07:49,524
No. That's how much we've gone.
1150
01:07:49,607 --> 01:07:51,401
-I was like--
-It's only been 46?! Wow!
1151
01:07:51,484 --> 01:07:52,652
- Wow!
- Wow!
1152
01:07:52,735 --> 01:07:55,154
But then I come here
and I just meet these people
1153
01:07:55,238 --> 01:07:59,867
and it's like you can just be yourself
and be goofy and be funny,
1154
01:07:59,951 --> 01:08:02,370
while still learning about space.
1155
01:08:03,413 --> 01:08:05,123
I am definitely a space nerd.
1156
01:08:05,206 --> 01:08:09,210
It's just this weird love and excitement
1157
01:08:09,294 --> 01:08:14,132
and, you know, geeking out about
certain details of space exploration.
1158
01:08:14,215 --> 01:08:16,676
You know, being impressed
and excited by it.
1159
01:08:16,759 --> 01:08:19,470
I think that's what
being a space nerd means to me.
1160
01:08:19,554 --> 01:08:22,390
It's a real honor
to be recognized by your peers.
1161
01:08:22,473 --> 01:08:25,101
And, honestly, to be recognized
by this group of people
1162
01:08:25,184 --> 01:08:29,397
and the entire Space Camp community
is... It's pretty awesome.
1163
01:08:29,480 --> 01:08:32,275
So I went to Space Camp
in the summer of 1995
1164
01:08:32,358 --> 01:08:36,112
and it was, you know,
definitely a life changing experience.
1165
01:08:36,195 --> 01:08:39,657
So I'll begin with a story.
I had my first kiss at Space Camp.
1166
01:08:40,783 --> 01:08:45,163
One of the amazing things about Space Campwas finding all these other space nerds,
1167
01:08:45,246 --> 01:08:49,292
finding my, you know,
my group, my people.
1168
01:08:49,375 --> 01:08:51,502
Honestly, you know, like so many things,
1169
01:08:51,586 --> 01:08:55,548
being here helped open the path for me
to do things that I really wanted to do,
1170
01:08:55,632 --> 01:08:57,759
to be, you know, the engineer
that I am today,
1171
01:08:57,842 --> 01:09:00,762
to work with the amazing team of people
that I get to work with.
1172
01:09:00,845 --> 01:09:04,432
To have this community is great,
and so thank you so much.
1173
01:09:04,515 --> 01:09:06,059
And to that girl that I kissed,
1174
01:09:06,142 --> 01:09:09,312
I'm a lot better kisser
and engineer nowadays, so thank you.
1175
01:09:10,980 --> 01:09:17,487
Eight, seven, six, five,
four, three, two, one!
1176
01:09:17,570 --> 01:09:20,156
Parachutes deploy! Reentry!
Success!
1177
01:09:20,239 --> 01:09:22,241
- We didn't land in the swamp!
- Wait
1178
01:09:23,326 --> 01:09:24,619
He's alive!
1179
01:09:24,702 --> 01:09:27,163
-Whoo! Way to go, Egbert!
-Did it burn through the shield?
1180
01:09:27,246 --> 01:09:30,375
-Are they going to crack it to see?
-It didn't even burn through the shield.
1181
01:09:30,458 --> 01:09:32,043
Pretty cool to the touch.
1182
01:09:32,710 --> 01:09:35,546
- The yolk even survived!
- Yes, you're good. Good job.
1183
01:09:36,589 --> 01:09:38,633
-All right!
-What layer did it get through?
1184
01:09:38,716 --> 01:09:40,843
-High fives all around.
-High fives all around!
1185
01:09:40,927 --> 01:09:42,929
Where was your...
what was your second layer?
1186
01:09:43,012 --> 01:09:44,514
The coolest thing about space?
1187
01:09:44,597 --> 01:09:45,973
I don't exactly know.
1188
01:09:46,057 --> 01:09:49,560
It's really hard to say
the coolest thing about space.
1189
01:09:51,062 --> 01:09:54,357
One of my favorite things to dois sometimes when I'm out late at night,
1190
01:09:54,440 --> 01:09:55,942
is to look up at the night sky
1191
01:09:56,025 --> 01:09:59,487
and try to find the little red planet
in the sky if I can.
1192
01:10:10,289 --> 01:10:14,669
When I look at Mars,in some sense I see our future.
1193
01:10:14,752 --> 01:10:17,255
Because it's practically a law of physics
1194
01:10:17,338 --> 01:10:22,969
that one day the Earth will no longer
be able to sustain life as we know it.
1195
01:10:27,056 --> 01:10:30,351
The Earth is not a safe place.
1196
01:10:30,435 --> 01:10:35,064
On a scale of millions of years,there could be a killer asteroid.
1197
01:10:35,148 --> 01:10:39,652
And just remember, the dinosaurs
did not have a space program.
1198
01:10:42,280 --> 01:10:45,867
On a scale of thousands of years,there could be another ice age,
1199
01:10:45,950 --> 01:10:49,996
another ice age that will force humanityto live, perhaps, deep underground,
1200
01:10:50,079 --> 01:10:52,165
or even leave the Earth itself.
1201
01:10:57,837 --> 01:11:01,674
Our entire speciesis contained to Earth.
1202
01:11:01,758 --> 01:11:04,010
If something happens to Earth...Poof, we're gone.
1203
01:11:04,093 --> 01:11:07,096
Think about what that means.That means all music is gone.
1204
01:11:07,180 --> 01:11:09,140
All laughter is forever gone.
1205
01:11:09,223 --> 01:11:13,019
Shakespeare's gone. Mozart's gone.
Basketball's gone.
1206
01:11:13,102 --> 01:11:17,190
Everything that has to do with humanity
is just gone forever. That's it.
1207
01:11:23,196 --> 01:11:26,157
We as a speciesneed to live on multiple planets.
1208
01:11:26,240 --> 01:11:28,326
As it sits, we're all on one planet.
1209
01:11:28,409 --> 01:11:31,454
There could be a war.There could be a plague.
1210
01:11:31,537 --> 01:11:33,915
It is possible for humanity
to be wiped out.
1211
01:11:37,877 --> 01:11:41,380
On a scale of decades,we also have climate change.
1212
01:11:41,464 --> 01:11:43,841
If you take a look at all the signs,
1213
01:11:43,925 --> 01:11:47,178
all the signs point up,
in terms of temperature.
1214
01:11:49,889 --> 01:11:52,391
Our space assetsmonitor carbon dioxide,
1215
01:11:52,475 --> 01:11:55,102
they monitor the thickness of glaciers.
1216
01:11:55,186 --> 01:11:58,606
And we can see that humankind
is changing the climate.
1217
01:12:00,441 --> 01:12:02,819
We're not dumping a lotinto alternative energy.
1218
01:12:02,902 --> 01:12:06,823
We're cutting down rainforests,
we're using up a lot of natural habitats.
1219
01:12:10,326 --> 01:12:12,286
A lot of problems
with climate change are alarming
1220
01:12:12,370 --> 01:12:15,498
because we're finding
these things are not reversible.
1221
01:12:15,581 --> 01:12:18,334
So, by exploring space,we can either find somewhere to go,
1222
01:12:18,417 --> 01:12:21,462
or we can develop technologiesthat will help us repair
1223
01:12:21,546 --> 01:12:22,922
what damage we've done.
1224
01:12:29,595 --> 01:12:34,100
T minus ten, nine, eight, seven,
1225
01:12:34,183 --> 01:12:37,228
six, five, four,
1226
01:12:37,311 --> 01:12:39,647
three, two, one.
1227
01:12:48,990 --> 01:12:52,118
It's not clear
that the Space Launch System
1228
01:12:52,201 --> 01:12:54,787
is still on schedule and still on budget,
1229
01:12:54,871 --> 01:12:58,040
and this is a concern for everybody.
1230
01:13:01,377 --> 01:13:06,173
The SLS, it's an interesting machine,
to say the least.
1231
01:13:06,257 --> 01:13:09,635
Almost all of its technologies
are derived from the Space Shuttle.
1232
01:13:09,719 --> 01:13:12,847
Its engine's the RS25,
1233
01:13:12,930 --> 01:13:16,225
the same engine that we were runningfor 30 years on the Space Shuttle.
1234
01:13:17,018 --> 01:13:23,649
I'm a little bit disappointed that no
new technology really went into making it.
1235
01:13:25,443 --> 01:13:27,111
The SLS can get us to Mars.
1236
01:13:27,194 --> 01:13:29,405
The SLS most assuredly can get us to Mars.
1237
01:13:29,488 --> 01:13:32,825
But the problem with the SLS,the Space Launch System,
1238
01:13:32,909 --> 01:13:34,577
the 21st century Saturn 5
1239
01:13:34,660 --> 01:13:38,831
and Orion,which is the 21st century Apollo program,
1240
01:13:38,915 --> 01:13:44,879
is that there simply isn't the money
to get them built and tested and flying
1241
01:13:44,962 --> 01:13:47,381
in any kind of near term timeframe.
1242
01:13:48,549 --> 01:13:50,968
NASA can saythat Mars is in our portfolio.
1243
01:13:51,052 --> 01:13:54,096
We're gonna send astronauts therein the 2030s.
1244
01:13:54,180 --> 01:13:56,974
OK, show me the money.
Talk is cheap.
1245
01:13:57,058 --> 01:13:59,226
So we can talk about going to Mars,
1246
01:13:59,310 --> 01:14:04,815
but until I see the launch pad with
the spaceship equipped to accomplish that,
1247
01:14:04,899 --> 01:14:08,110
I'm not gonna run around saying
"Yeah, we are the Mars people."
1248
01:14:08,194 --> 01:14:10,780
No we're not. Not until that happens.
1249
01:14:10,863 --> 01:14:11,822
Go ahead.
1250
01:14:11,906 --> 01:14:15,451
In my industry one of our biggest
victories was putting a man on the Moon.
1251
01:14:15,534 --> 01:14:18,371
-Yeah.
-What do you think about humans on Mars?
1252
01:14:19,580 --> 01:14:21,916
Honestly, I think it's wonderful.
1253
01:14:21,999 --> 01:14:24,961
I want to rebuild
our infrastructure first, OK?
1254
01:14:25,336 --> 01:14:26,504
I think it's wonderful.
1255
01:14:28,923 --> 01:14:29,757
Go ahead.
1256
01:14:32,468 --> 01:14:35,012
NASA's not in charge,
it's at the whim of government.
1257
01:14:35,096 --> 01:14:37,181
So every time
there's a change in presidents,
1258
01:14:37,264 --> 01:14:39,684
there's a lot of changes at NASA, automatically.
1259
01:14:41,102 --> 01:14:42,353
Thank you, everybody!
1260
01:14:42,436 --> 01:14:45,022
We're not, we are not going to be
taking any questions.
1261
01:14:45,106 --> 01:14:46,023
Thank you, guys!
1262
01:14:46,107 --> 01:14:47,358
We are building the SLS,
1263
01:14:47,441 --> 01:14:51,904
but at the rate we're going right now,
it won't be done until I'm like 40 or 50.
1264
01:14:51,988 --> 01:14:54,365
They keep saying my generation
is the Mars Generation,
1265
01:14:54,448 --> 01:14:55,783
but we're not at this rate.
1266
01:14:55,866 --> 01:14:59,537
We could be if we gave them the same
support we showed the Apollo program.
1267
01:15:00,788 --> 01:15:02,957
During the Apollo era, everybody,
1268
01:15:03,040 --> 01:15:07,461
NASA was fundedat 4% of the federal budget.
1269
01:15:08,671 --> 01:15:11,757
Today, it's 0.4%,
1270
01:15:11,841 --> 01:15:15,386
almost exactly a tenth of what it wasduring the Apollo era.
1271
01:15:15,469 --> 01:15:18,431
And that's not gonna change.
That's the way it is right now.
1272
01:15:20,808 --> 01:15:22,727
NASA is handcuffedto the U.S. budget.
1273
01:15:22,810 --> 01:15:25,896
The U.S. budget has a thousand claws on ittrying to get the money.
1274
01:15:25,980 --> 01:15:29,650
For NASA to innovate, for NASA to doamazing things that it would like to do,
1275
01:15:29,734 --> 01:15:31,694
it needs an insane budget.
1276
01:15:31,777 --> 01:15:35,614
It needs a far different budget
than the other kind of agencies.
1277
01:15:37,116 --> 01:15:39,410
NASA, all of the moneythey have ever received
1278
01:15:39,493 --> 01:15:40,995
from the government combined,
1279
01:15:41,078 --> 01:15:43,664
is still lessthan the yearly budget of the D.O.D.
1280
01:15:44,582 --> 01:15:46,667
Which is kind of appalling to me.
1281
01:15:51,380 --> 01:15:53,299
SLS and Orion are cool.
1282
01:15:53,382 --> 01:15:55,426
I mean, if you like rockets,they're gonna be awesome.
1283
01:15:55,509 --> 01:15:57,762
They're gonna haveimmense amount of thrust.
1284
01:15:57,845 --> 01:16:00,556
But they haven't done
the important innovation,
1285
01:16:00,639 --> 01:16:03,517
which is that they're still
super crazy expensive.
1286
01:16:09,398 --> 01:16:13,110
If every time you flew in an airplane,you landed, the passengers got out,
1287
01:16:13,194 --> 01:16:15,905
and the plane was thrown awaycause planes flew once,
1288
01:16:15,988 --> 01:16:20,493
well, it would cost a millionand a half dollars for a coach seat.
1289
01:16:20,576 --> 01:16:23,537
No one would fly.
It would be a zero industry.
1290
01:16:23,621 --> 01:16:26,832
It would be for crazy billionaires only.
1291
01:16:26,916 --> 01:16:30,169
That's the current state
of our aerospace industry.
1292
01:16:32,630 --> 01:16:37,426
There is a nasty four-letter word that has haunted the space program.
1293
01:16:37,510 --> 01:16:40,096
It's the "C" word.
"Cost".
1294
01:16:40,179 --> 01:16:42,932
Imagine your body made out of solid gold.
1295
01:16:43,015 --> 01:16:46,644
That's what it costs
to put you up in outer space.
1296
01:16:46,727 --> 01:16:49,563
That's why we have to drive down the cost.
1297
01:16:55,319 --> 01:16:58,823
You can improve incrementallywhen it comes to getting off of Earth
1298
01:16:58,906 --> 01:17:01,283
with cheaper rocketsand maybe better fuel.
1299
01:17:01,367 --> 01:17:04,995
But what was needed
was like a giant leap forward
1300
01:17:05,079 --> 01:17:06,413
in the cost of space travel.
1301
01:17:06,497 --> 01:17:08,249
And there really was one way to do that.
1302
01:17:08,332 --> 01:17:12,169
And it was the factthat every rocket was used once.
1303
01:17:13,504 --> 01:17:17,675
There's a debate as to whether private
enterprise or the federal government
1304
01:17:17,758 --> 01:17:19,301
can create innovation.
1305
01:17:20,678 --> 01:17:22,054
Privatization of space.
1306
01:17:22,138 --> 01:17:25,724
This is a very interesting subject,
to say the least.
1307
01:17:25,808 --> 01:17:28,018
The private space industryis a direct result
1308
01:17:28,102 --> 01:17:31,313
of NASA not being able to fund
everything it wants to do.
1309
01:17:31,397 --> 01:17:33,691
I don't think it's a bad thing,
it's a good thing.
1310
01:17:34,650 --> 01:17:39,530
NASA has a lot of leadership potential and a lot of budget potential.
1311
01:17:39,613 --> 01:17:41,824
And it can use itto partner with these companies.
1312
01:17:41,907 --> 01:17:45,202
Rather than fight against these companies
and make its own rocket,
1313
01:17:45,286 --> 01:17:48,664
let the private companiesfight for who has the best rocket,
1314
01:17:48,747 --> 01:17:53,919
and then NASA will use that best rocketto do its business in space and in Mars.
1315
01:17:55,713 --> 01:17:59,466
Welcome to the live webcastof the SpaceX launch of the ORBCOM mission
1316
01:17:59,550 --> 01:18:02,678
from Launch Complex 40
out of Cape Canaveral, Florida.
1317
01:18:07,600 --> 01:18:09,059
Elon Musk of SpaceX,
1318
01:18:09,143 --> 01:18:12,563
he asked, "What is it
we need to do to go to Mars?"
1319
01:18:12,646 --> 01:18:15,024
And people told him,
these are experts told him,
1320
01:18:15,107 --> 01:18:18,777
"We need to lower the cost
of getting into low Earth orbit."
1321
01:18:22,031 --> 01:18:24,450
Elon thinks of Earth as a hard drive,
1322
01:18:24,533 --> 01:18:27,328
and he thinks of humanity asa very important file on that hard drive,
1323
01:18:27,411 --> 01:18:30,164
and Elon looks at the history
of mass extinction events
1324
01:18:30,247 --> 01:18:32,333
and sees the hard drive
has a tendency to crash.
1325
01:18:34,627 --> 01:18:37,671
Some people think it's fine,
just stay on Earth forever.
1326
01:18:37,755 --> 01:18:38,923
And some people don't.
1327
01:18:39,924 --> 01:18:42,384
Creating a self-sustainedcivilization on Mars
1328
01:18:42,468 --> 01:18:44,929
to provide insurance for lifeas a whole,
1329
01:18:45,012 --> 01:18:48,349
a future where we are
a space-faring civilization
1330
01:18:48,432 --> 01:18:50,768
and out there among the stars
1331
01:18:50,851 --> 01:18:54,146
is infinitely more exciting and inspiring
than one where we are not.
1332
01:18:58,067 --> 01:19:00,945
The goal of SpaceX is reallyto build the transport system.
1333
01:19:01,028 --> 01:19:03,364
It's like buildingthe Union Pacific Railroad.
1334
01:19:10,829 --> 01:19:12,790
What SpaceX is trying to do
1335
01:19:12,873 --> 01:19:18,212
is to build the first reliableinterplanetary railroad.
1336
01:19:24,218 --> 01:19:26,929
Using today's standard technologies,
1337
01:19:27,012 --> 01:19:31,475
it would cost about $10 billion per personto get to Mars and to live there.
1338
01:19:31,558 --> 01:19:35,396
That's pretty absurd. Not many people
on this planet that can afford that.
1339
01:19:35,479 --> 01:19:38,857
And if we're going to build
a real civilization there
1340
01:19:38,941 --> 01:19:41,068
where we have thousands,
if not millions, of people
1341
01:19:41,151 --> 01:19:43,070
living, working and thriving on Mars,
1342
01:19:43,737 --> 01:19:46,323
we're gonna have toget that cost down significantly.
1343
01:19:47,283 --> 01:19:48,867
T minus one minute.
1344
01:19:51,078 --> 01:19:56,583
The idea is the rocket takes off,pings a spacecraft into space,
1345
01:19:56,667 --> 01:19:59,003
either into low Earth orbitor towards Mars.
1346
01:19:59,086 --> 01:20:02,006
The rocket comes backand lands vertically,
1347
01:20:02,089 --> 01:20:04,008
gets some maintenance, gets refueled.
1348
01:20:04,091 --> 01:20:06,468
Boom! Pings another thing out into space.
1349
01:20:06,552 --> 01:20:07,970
It can do this all day.
1350
01:20:08,053 --> 01:20:10,431
It can send 15 things out in a day,
one rocket.
1351
01:20:12,808 --> 01:20:14,059
Liftoff!
1352
01:20:18,188 --> 01:20:21,525
While the U.S. plansto get human beings to Mars
1353
01:20:21,608 --> 01:20:23,527
sometime vaguely in the 2030s,
1354
01:20:23,610 --> 01:20:26,113
he believes he can cut that time
by 10 years
1355
01:20:26,196 --> 01:20:28,657
and get them there in the mid 2020s.
1356
01:20:33,287 --> 01:20:35,748
It never pays to rule out Elon Musk.
1357
01:20:35,831 --> 01:20:41,128
But, also, it never pays to get so seduced
by the Tony Stark side of Elon Musk
1358
01:20:41,211 --> 01:20:43,047
that we think he can do anything.
1359
01:20:43,130 --> 01:20:44,590
He's gonna come up against
1360
01:20:44,673 --> 01:20:47,676
the same obstacles
every other rocketeer in history has.
1361
01:20:58,562 --> 01:21:02,775
Private industry is willingto take risks that NASA isn't.
1362
01:21:02,858 --> 01:21:04,777
This could be economically.
1363
01:21:04,860 --> 01:21:09,198
They could try to throw a lot of money
at something that might not work.
1364
01:21:09,281 --> 01:21:13,827
But if it does work, boom.
You have something amazing.
1365
01:21:16,372 --> 01:21:19,958
The first stage is returning to land.
1366
01:21:20,042 --> 01:21:25,255
The second stage powersthe Earth satellites into low Earth orbit.
1367
01:21:26,298 --> 01:21:27,966
If rockets aren't reusable,
1368
01:21:28,050 --> 01:21:32,137
then humans don't go to Mars
this century or next century,
1369
01:21:32,221 --> 01:21:34,014
or maybe ever.
1370
01:21:36,725 --> 01:21:41,063
That is the first stage.Coming back down and landing!
1371
01:22:06,672 --> 01:22:10,926
I was just...not shocked, because I knew
we had what it would take to do this,
1372
01:22:11,009 --> 01:22:13,303
we had come so close in the past.
1373
01:22:13,387 --> 01:22:16,265
But feeling all of these things
that we've been talking about,
1374
01:22:16,348 --> 01:22:19,768
all this effort, blood, sweat, and tearsthat went into this to succeed,
1375
01:22:19,852 --> 01:22:20,853
it was now real.
1376
01:22:20,936 --> 01:22:22,312
It was there in front of us.
1377
01:22:24,648 --> 01:22:28,694
Being a part of that unique moment
in history was just mind-blowing for me.
1378
01:22:41,290 --> 01:22:44,960
Elon's idea is notto make the Mars thing happen by himself.
1379
01:22:45,043 --> 01:22:48,046
Elon is trying
to start this chain reaction,
1380
01:22:48,130 --> 01:22:49,798
he's trying to
start a forest fire with a match.
1381
01:22:49,882 --> 01:22:52,843
By solving this one giant problem,
1382
01:22:52,926 --> 01:22:56,472
the fact that you had to builda new rocket for every launch in the past.
1383
01:22:56,555 --> 01:23:00,100
By doing that, he thinks he can ignitean entire new era of space travel
1384
01:23:00,184 --> 01:23:02,686
where we becomea genuinely space-faring civilization.
1385
01:23:14,656 --> 01:23:19,203
The vision of buildinga civilization on Mars,
1386
01:23:19,286 --> 01:23:21,538
it's such a big, huge endeavor.
1387
01:23:21,622 --> 01:23:24,249
It's not something
one single company can do alone.
1388
01:23:24,333 --> 01:23:25,626
You need another perfect storm,
1389
01:23:25,709 --> 01:23:30,506
you need some perfect storm of resources
and technology and the right people.
1390
01:23:30,589 --> 01:23:35,010
And it's exciting
that I think maybe we have that.
1391
01:23:37,888 --> 01:23:40,140
What SpaceX is trying to dois create a situation
1392
01:23:40,224 --> 01:23:43,352
where all these industries and governmentssuddenly start saying,
1393
01:23:43,435 --> 01:23:45,562
"Well, now this is an optionwe want to get in the game."
1394
01:23:45,646 --> 01:23:50,067
And suddenly, all this money
pours into rocket innovation,
1395
01:23:50,150 --> 01:23:52,402
into Earth/Mars industries.
1396
01:23:52,486 --> 01:23:57,491
Then that's what empowers the big push
to get a million people there eventually.
1397
01:24:02,579 --> 01:24:05,040
Now, you can only go to Marsevery 26 months.
1398
01:24:05,123 --> 01:24:07,668
The orbits have to be oriented.
1399
01:24:07,751 --> 01:24:11,129
You can't just fly over the Sun.
We don't have enough rocket fuel for that.
1400
01:24:13,882 --> 01:24:16,134
Sometimes Marsis really close to the Earth,
1401
01:24:16,218 --> 01:24:17,594
sometimes it's really far,
1402
01:24:17,678 --> 01:24:20,138
because planets orbitin an elliptical path.
1403
01:24:21,640 --> 01:24:25,435
And we'll stay on Mars for abouta year or two, depending on its orbit.
1404
01:24:25,519 --> 01:24:28,063
We have to wait for Mars
to come all the way back around
1405
01:24:28,146 --> 01:24:30,107
to its closest point
for us to come back.
1406
01:24:32,901 --> 01:24:34,611
Once you're there,
1407
01:24:34,695 --> 01:24:37,948
you have to be preparedto stay for an extended period of time.
1408
01:24:38,031 --> 01:24:41,827
And once you're preparedto stay for an extended period of time,
1409
01:24:41,910 --> 01:24:45,831
and the first handful of people,
four people, six people, eight people,
1410
01:24:45,914 --> 01:24:49,418
learn to live off the land
to the extent that that can be done,
1411
01:24:49,501 --> 01:24:53,589
learn to make Mars their homefor more than a few days,
1412
01:24:53,672 --> 01:24:58,093
once you do that,
you've hammered your first piton
1413
01:24:58,176 --> 01:25:01,221
in the great mountain
of colonizing another planet.
1414
01:25:06,476 --> 01:25:11,106
If you establish first a cargo route
and then a human transportation route,
1415
01:25:11,189 --> 01:25:14,026
you have to imaginethat by a year like 2060,
1416
01:25:14,109 --> 01:25:17,779
you have a thriving civilization on Mars.
1417
01:25:17,863 --> 01:25:19,865
It's gonna be this normal part of life.
1418
01:25:20,991 --> 01:25:22,868
There'll be peoplegoing there for college,
1419
01:25:22,951 --> 01:25:24,870
people are going to bein long distance relationships.
1420
01:25:24,953 --> 01:25:27,623
There will be people born on Mars
who want to go to Earth for a stint
1421
01:25:27,706 --> 01:25:32,044
to see the Eiffel Tower in the flesh,
to see the Sphinx in the flesh.
1422
01:25:37,007 --> 01:25:42,596
If we could have a Mars colony,that would just be so cool,
1423
01:25:42,679 --> 01:25:48,518
to put footprints on Mars
and now we are having life living there.
1424
01:25:48,602 --> 01:25:51,813
We can put people there.
We can have people live there.
1425
01:25:51,897 --> 01:25:54,816
We could even terraform it
if we really tried.
1426
01:25:57,569 --> 01:25:59,321
What we're talking about eventually
1427
01:25:59,404 --> 01:26:03,200
is a blue-green planet with maybe7 billion of its own people on it.
1428
01:26:03,283 --> 01:26:05,535
And you could look at a picture
of a gorgeous green mountain
1429
01:26:05,619 --> 01:26:07,537
and a lake and not know
what planet you're looking at.
1430
01:26:11,416 --> 01:26:15,128
It's a brand new planet,who knows what future economies await us
1431
01:26:15,212 --> 01:26:16,922
on that planetary surface?
1432
01:26:17,005 --> 01:26:20,592
Even if you can't think of one now,
it doesn't mean there isn't one.
1433
01:26:20,676 --> 01:26:24,262
And especially given
the history of exploration and discovery,
1434
01:26:24,346 --> 01:26:25,472
there probably will be.
1435
01:26:27,265 --> 01:26:31,395
When you go somewhere elseand live in a wild, rustic life,
1436
01:26:31,478 --> 01:26:34,439
you've made the decision thatthat kind of life,
1437
01:26:34,523 --> 01:26:35,941
the world you're building,
1438
01:26:36,024 --> 01:26:39,027
is more valuable to you
than the world that's already built.
1439
01:26:39,111 --> 01:26:45,117
Your motivation is to live here,to settle here, to die here.
1440
01:26:45,200 --> 01:26:47,327
Because what you have in mind
1441
01:26:47,411 --> 01:26:51,039
is three, five,a hundred generations beyond you,
1442
01:26:51,123 --> 01:26:54,292
and you've made the decision
that you're going to be
1443
01:26:54,376 --> 01:26:57,587
the first stake in the ground
of that new world.
1444
01:27:01,091 --> 01:27:04,344
Tell Orion that you're gonna start their primary ingress checklist
1445
01:27:04,428 --> 01:27:07,180
for Commander and Pilotand DDP 1 and 2 and B 1 and 2.
1446
01:27:07,264 --> 01:27:10,684
All right, so...you first, Orion, on F1.
1447
01:27:10,767 --> 01:27:13,103
Primary ingress checklist
for Pilot and Commander...
1448
01:27:13,186 --> 01:27:17,441
All right, IDP CR22 power is on.
1449
01:27:17,524 --> 01:27:20,318
Major functions set to DNC.
1450
01:27:21,153 --> 01:27:25,198
We ordered that pizza 45 minutes ago.
It's been over 30 minutes. It's free now.
1451
01:27:25,282 --> 01:27:27,951
No it's not.
They stopped doing that anyway.
1452
01:27:28,034 --> 01:27:29,411
I want my free pizza!
1453
01:27:30,579 --> 01:27:34,249
- All checklists are done.
- Yay! Ascent procedures.
1454
01:27:34,332 --> 01:27:36,334
Everyone switchto ascent procedures.
1455
01:27:36,418 --> 01:27:41,339
Five, four, three, two, one...
1456
01:27:42,758 --> 01:27:45,844
Oh my goodness! That is amazing.
1457
01:27:53,727 --> 01:27:56,188
One thing that'simpressed me the most, of anything else,
1458
01:27:56,271 --> 01:27:59,649
is that kids today have that same drive,
1459
01:27:59,733 --> 01:28:03,403
that same interest, that same passionfor space exploration
1460
01:28:03,487 --> 01:28:07,783
that I had as a young boy watching
the first American launch into space.
1461
01:28:09,618 --> 01:28:12,162
- That's a lot of retro.
- All right, listen up Orion.
1462
01:28:12,245 --> 01:28:15,999
Now we're done with launch so
start focusing on our checklist again.
1463
01:28:16,082 --> 01:28:18,794
Our engines are turned off.
We are good to unbuckle.
1464
01:28:20,545 --> 01:28:23,298
I'm floating around
in the most peculiar way.
1465
01:28:24,049 --> 01:28:27,344
Early this morning, the Space Launch
System launched from Cape Canaveral,
1466
01:28:27,427 --> 01:28:30,931
carrying along with it the Orion capsuleand six brave Americans
1467
01:28:31,014 --> 01:28:33,850
on their way to go boldly
where no man has ever gone before.
1468
01:28:33,934 --> 01:28:35,310
Let's do this!
1469
01:28:36,186 --> 01:28:38,897
Exploration is absolutelyembedded in our DNA.
1470
01:28:38,980 --> 01:28:42,651
If we are on this hill,we want to know what's on the next hill.
1471
01:28:42,734 --> 01:28:45,237
We cannot help ourselves.
1472
01:28:45,320 --> 01:28:50,200
There's no reason for us
not to surrender to that impulse.
1473
01:28:54,788 --> 01:28:59,084
The first steps on Marswon't just be a national moment of pride,
1474
01:28:59,167 --> 01:29:02,254
but really a worldwide moment of pride,
1475
01:29:02,337 --> 01:29:06,967
and ultimately, I think, kicks off this
sense of exploration on the right foot,
1476
01:29:07,050 --> 01:29:09,761
of one that is
as an entirely global experience.
1477
01:29:12,556 --> 01:29:14,140
I have good evidence
1478
01:29:14,224 --> 01:29:16,226
that space mattersto the hearts and minds of people.
1479
01:29:16,309 --> 01:29:19,771
There's something special,
I think, about the night sky
1480
01:29:19,855 --> 01:29:21,147
and about the universe
1481
01:29:21,231 --> 01:29:22,607
that lives within us.
1482
01:29:24,401 --> 01:29:27,153
There are two questionsthat get everybody.
1483
01:29:27,821 --> 01:29:30,949
The first one is: where did we come from?
1484
01:29:31,700 --> 01:29:34,286
Where did we all come from?How did we get here?
1485
01:29:36,204 --> 01:29:39,374
And the other question is:are we alone in the universe?
1486
01:29:40,250 --> 01:29:42,252
If we were to discover evidence of life,
1487
01:29:42,335 --> 01:29:45,380
or stranger still,
something alive on Mars today,
1488
01:29:45,463 --> 01:29:47,716
it would change
the course of human history
1489
01:29:47,799 --> 01:29:50,885
in the same way astronomyhas humbled us in the past.
1490
01:29:51,303 --> 01:29:52,637
The Earth is not flat.
1491
01:29:52,721 --> 01:29:55,599
We are not the center of it.The Sun's the center of it.
1492
01:29:55,682 --> 01:29:57,392
Wait! The Sun's not the center of it.
1493
01:29:57,475 --> 01:30:01,146
We're just one more sunin this galactic disc.
1494
01:30:01,229 --> 01:30:04,107
And we're not the only galaxy!We're not by any means!
1495
01:30:04,190 --> 01:30:07,986
We're just these specks on a speckorbiting specks in specklessness.
1496
01:30:08,069 --> 01:30:09,195
We're nothing.
1497
01:30:11,406 --> 01:30:14,492
Yet, we can understand that.
1498
01:30:21,124 --> 01:30:23,376
Humans have liveda thousand centuries so far.
1499
01:30:24,586 --> 01:30:28,840
This century is the first time
where suddenly going to Mars is an option.
1500
01:30:33,720 --> 01:30:37,349
I think it's awesome thatwe have an entire generation of people
1501
01:30:37,432 --> 01:30:39,684
who want to go to into space,who want to go Mars,
1502
01:30:39,768 --> 01:30:41,144
who want to be STEM fluent.
1503
01:30:41,227 --> 01:30:47,359
But I can tell you that all of that
will fall on fallow soil,
1504
01:30:48,652 --> 01:30:51,112
if there isn't some big mission
1505
01:30:51,196 --> 01:30:54,824
on the other sideof that educational pipeline
1506
01:30:54,908 --> 01:30:57,619
where they can applythis energy and this enthusiasm.
1507
01:31:00,705 --> 01:31:03,625
It's our dutyto breathe life and fire
1508
01:31:03,708 --> 01:31:06,252
into the imagination of these young people
1509
01:31:06,336 --> 01:31:09,631
so they will say,"Yes! I want to become an astronaut!
1510
01:31:09,714 --> 01:31:11,216
I want to explore outer space!"
1511
01:31:11,299 --> 01:31:15,136
Because our true place is among the stars.
1512
01:31:18,890 --> 01:31:20,183
Oh wow, we're landing.
1513
01:31:22,310 --> 01:31:24,396
We're landing. Guys, we're landing.
1514
01:31:24,479 --> 01:31:26,815
We are frickin' landing on Mars right now.
1515
01:31:26,898 --> 01:31:28,817
Dude, dude, dude.
We just landed.
1516
01:31:30,235 --> 01:31:31,194
We're on Mars.
1517
01:31:36,491 --> 01:31:39,703
I hope that my generationwill be defined by Mars.
1518
01:31:39,786 --> 01:31:43,707
I can't think of a better thing
to be defined by!
1519
01:31:47,669 --> 01:31:51,631
Somebody from my generationwill step out of the lander
1520
01:31:51,715 --> 01:31:55,135
and put their footprint downin the Martian soil.
1521
01:31:55,218 --> 01:32:01,391
If I could contribute to that in any way,
it would be an amazing experience.
1522
01:32:07,814 --> 01:32:09,858
This datewill go down in history.
1523
01:32:09,941 --> 01:32:12,694
After a long 183-day journey,
1524
01:32:12,777 --> 01:32:15,947
six Americans have finally exitedthe all-terra lander
1525
01:32:16,030 --> 01:32:18,116
and put their boots
in the red Martian soil.
1526
01:32:21,536 --> 01:32:24,205
The Mars Generation is...us.
1527
01:32:31,921 --> 01:32:35,508
Exploration isingrained within our DNA.
1528
01:32:38,595 --> 01:32:43,183
Human beings,
they want to learn about the cosmos.
1529
01:32:47,353 --> 01:32:48,813
We know so little about space.
1530
01:32:48,897 --> 01:32:51,941
There's so much to doand so much to learn.
1531
01:32:52,025 --> 01:32:53,067
And I want to do it all.
1532
01:32:56,696 --> 01:32:59,491
Like, can you imagineif there was just nothing else?
1533
01:32:59,574 --> 01:33:02,035
That we had foundeverything there is to find?
1534
01:33:02,911 --> 01:33:04,412
Life would be so boring!
1535
01:33:10,293 --> 01:33:11,878
Let's go. Let's go to Mars.
1536
01:33:17,634 --> 01:33:18,843
It's been long enough.
1537
01:33:18,927 --> 01:33:21,179
We need to go for it, full speed.
1538
01:33:21,262 --> 01:33:24,599
Because humans need todo significant things,
1539
01:33:24,682 --> 01:33:26,559
because that's just how humanity is.
1540
01:33:27,268 --> 01:33:29,604
We gotta get off this planet
and we gotta land on Mars.
142233
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