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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:07,480 --> 00:00:13,112 OF THE CONFORMIST 2 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:19,554 VISUAL-ESSAY BY ADRIANO APRA 3 00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:23,356 BERNARDO BERTOLUCCI 4 00:00:45,120 --> 00:00:48,431 - Is this the first time you're seeing the Minister? - Yes. 5 00:00:48,920 --> 00:00:52,151 When 1 explained your plan to him, the first thing he said was '‘Superb”. 6 00:00:52,400 --> 00:00:55,870 Get to Professor Quadri and you inspire his faith in you. 7 00:00:56,000 --> 00:00:58,276 You try to discover who his contacts in Italy are. 8 00:00:58,400 --> 00:01:01,358 - Yes, yes, superb! - And even more important, spontaneous! 9 00:01:01,480 --> 00:01:06,634 - And also, voluntary. - "Voluntary agency... -...for repressing Anti-Fascism". 10 00:01:09,480 --> 00:01:13,758 BEFORE } “THE CONFORMIST" 11 00:01:15,320 --> 00:01:19,075 After two amateur short films, Bertolucci made his debut in cinema 12 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:23,034 when he was only 20 as assistant director to Pier Paolo Pasolini. 13 00:01:25,160 --> 00:01:28,312 His first film as a director is "The Grim Reaper". 14 00:01:28,480 --> 00:01:33,190 This film is partly indebted to Pasolini who is the author of the story. 15 00:01:33,560 --> 00:01:36,074 But stylistically he does everything possible 16 00:01:36,160 --> 00:01:39,073 to break away from such a foster father. 17 00:01:43,480 --> 00:01:46,074 In telling 18 00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:49,318 possible withesses to a prostitute's murder, 19 00:01:49,640 --> 00:01:55,079 The Grim Reaper" is rich iin lyrical sparks and expressive experimentations 20 00:01:55,400 --> 00:01:58,040 which already characterize the young director 21 00:01:58,160 --> 00:02:01,152 in search of his own film-making. 22 00:02:05,920 --> 00:02:08,230 With his next film, "Before the Revolution", 23 00:02:08,360 --> 00:02:10,397 Bertolucci asserts his own vision of the world 24 00:02:10,760 --> 00:02:13,070 and a personal film style, 25 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:17,398 this time inspired by the contemporary French Nouvelle Vague 26 00:02:17,560 --> 00:02:22,794 with its audacious infringement of the expressive codes of classical cinema. 27 00:02:26,920 --> 00:02:32,632 Fabrizio, the main character, the setting in Parma - Bertolucci's hometown - 28 00:02:32,760 --> 00:02:36,640 the torments of youth common to the different characters 29 00:02:36,640 --> 00:02:40,873 who are torn apart by contradictions between the private and the political, 30 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:44,470 are all elements in which we recognize autobiographical components 31 00:02:44,600 --> 00:02:47,353 together with the anticipation of the young generation 32 00:02:47,480 --> 00:02:50,871 who will be the star of the imminent 1968 unrest. 33 00:02:53,400 --> 00:02:57,030 Albeit today the film establishes itself as the manifesto of an Italian Nouvelle Vague, 34 00:02:57,240 --> 00:03:00,198 the film failed to attract an audience 35 00:03:00,320 --> 00:03:04,154 and was tepidly received by most of our critics, 36 00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:08,189 while it got enthusiastic reviews abroad. 37 00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:12,356 After a difficult period of inactivity, 38 00:03:12,480 --> 00:03:15,279 in which he paid for the failure of his first two films, 39 00:03:15,600 --> 00:03:18,797 Bertolucci returned to directing in an anthology film "Love and Anger". 40 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:25,239 His segment "Agony" has the benefit of the decisive contribution of the Living Theatre 41 00:03:25,360 --> 00:03:28,159 and its charismatic leader Julian Beck, 42 00:03:28,320 --> 00:03:31,597 and adopts a very modern style of play. 43 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:37,710 A man who is about to die is haunted by the ghosts of his past life. 44 00:03:41,640 --> 00:03:45,838 At the end of his agony, we discover he is a cardinal 45 00:03:45,960 --> 00:03:48,520 who has paid for his sins of temporal power 46 00:03:48,560 --> 00:03:51,074 with this anguished vision. 47 00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:58,839 In "Partner", filmed in the midst of the '68 student revolts 48 00:03:58,960 --> 00:04:01,873 and loaded with the mood of that vibrant period, 49 00:04:02,240 --> 00:04:05,995 Bertol a Ol i s political, personal 50 00:04:06,280 --> 00:04:09,352 and let's say, psychoanalytical anxieties, explode. 51 00:04:09,920 --> 00:04:13,276 The film is a firework of stylistic artifices. 52 00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:19,196 Giacobbe, a shy and introvert lecturer at an academy of dramatic art, 53 00:04:19,440 --> 00:04:23,593 thanks to his extrovert and aggressive double, finds 54 00:04:23,760 --> 00:04:29,870 the ability to fulfill his love dreams and his desire to put on a show 55 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:32,958 where a whole imaginative world triumphs. 56 00:04:39,080 --> 00:04:43,199 In “The Spider's Stratagem" we see Athos Magnani returning to his hometown 57 00:04:43,320 --> 00:04:45,755 to investigate the death of his father, 58 00:04:46,040 --> 00:04:49,476 a hero of the anti-Fascist Resistance and his namesake. 59 00:04:51,160 --> 00:04:56,838 But he discovers that his father's death was nothing but a sham hiding a betrayal. 60 00:04:58,280 --> 00:05:03,434 But in the end legend prevails over truth, at least in other people's eyes. 61 00:05:04,280 --> 00:05:10,231 This film shows Bertolucci's desire to sublimate, by means of beautiful images, 62 00:05:10,600 --> 00:05:15,071 the traumatic discovery of the dark side of his father's personality. 63 00:05:18,680 --> 00:05:20,910 The psychanalytical theme revealed 64 00:05:21,080 --> 00:05:24,311 in the character of Gina in "Before the Revolution", 65 00:05:24,440 --> 00:05:26,477 evoked in the ghosts of "Agony", 66 00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:31,153 performed by the doubles in "Partner" and "The Spider's Stratagem", 67 00:05:31,400 --> 00:05:35,519 is embodied in the character of Marcello Clerici in "The Conformist" 68 00:05:35,560 --> 00:05:38,393 and no longer needs to be made explicit. 69 00:05:47,880 --> 00:05:52,317 THE BIRTH OF THE FILM 70 00:05:53,640 --> 00:05:58,476 The project of The Conformist” was created suddenly one day 71 00:05:58,840 --> 00:06:02,754 after Mapi Maino, my companion at that time, 72 00:06:04,280 --> 00:06:07,716 had read the novel by Moravia all through the night 73 00:06:08,280 --> 00:06:11,636 and told me about it in great detail. 74 00:06:13,880 --> 00:06:17,077 During that period I was preparing "The Spider's Stratagem". 75 00:06:17,880 --> 00:06:26,994 When Paramount unexpectedly asked me to give them an idea for a movie, 76 00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:33,916 I went there, to Paramount which was called Mars Film in Italy, 77 00:06:35,240 --> 00:06:39,393 and told Luigi Luraschi about "The Conformist" 78 00:06:39,920 --> 00:06:41,638 although I hadn't even read it then. 79 00:06:41,800 --> 00:06:46,078 So I told him the story which Mapi 80 00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:51,759 had told me in great detail and very effectively. 81 00:06:54,240 --> 00:07:00,316 The project of "The Spider's Stratagem" continued, 82 00:07:00,440 --> 00:07:05,276 we spent this beautiful summer of '69 83 00:07:06,240 --> 00:07:11,110 on the plain between Parma, Mantua and Cremona. 84 00:07:11,360 --> 00:07:14,591 And at last, at the end of the summer, I set about 85 00:07:14,720 --> 00:07:17,758 editing "The Spider's Stratagem" with Roberto Perpignani. 86 00:07:18,240 --> 00:07:22,154 One day Paramount called and told me: 87 00:07:23,880 --> 00:07:28,113 "We have the greenlight for the film you told us about, 'The Conformist'." 88 00:07:31,680 --> 00:07:38,074 At that point I had to interrupt editing "The Spider's Stratagem", 89 00:07:39,040 --> 00:07:42,112 I had to read Moravia's novel 90 00:07:42,240 --> 00:07:47,553 and I did so with great pleasure... 91 00:07:47,680 --> 00:07:52,231 as if I was trying to relive it within myself, you know. 92 00:07:52,960 --> 00:07:54,837 I read it very quickly and... 93 00:07:55,560 --> 00:08:00,077 and I got to the typewriter with the novel beside iit, 94 00:08:00,680 --> 00:08:05,231 and I wrote the screenplay for "The Conformist" in a month. 95 00:08:05,400 --> 00:08:10,236 It was quite a long, rich and extensive screenplay 96 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:13,717 in which there was also a new character, Italo, 97 00:08:13,840 --> 00:08:20,280 as well as some new, different situations compared to Moravia's novel. 98 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:26,637 The novel seemed so... 99 00:08:28,360 --> 00:08:32,593 obviously cinematic to me. 100 00:08:33,080 --> 00:08:39,315 I felt it so mine that I didn't really feel the need 101 00:08:40,160 --> 00:08:44,393 of another voice analyzing it with me. 102 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:49,037 I felt able to get into it all by myself. 103 00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:55,517 Alberto Moravia and I were very close friends, 104 00:08:56,320 --> 00:09:00,712 in some periods we had dinner together every evening... 105 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:07,711 I covered myself a little by saying to him: 106 00:09:08,240 --> 00:09:14,350 "You know, Alberto, to be truly faithful to a novel 107 00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:18,992 you have to betray it when you make a film from it, you know." 108 00:09:19,320 --> 00:09:24,110 And he said that I was right. 109 00:09:24,760 --> 00:09:28,469 What is ultimately important is the spirit, 110 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:36,276 betrayal starts when you move from words to images. 111 00:09:37,800 --> 00:09:41,475 The story of a novel that becomes a film 112 00:09:41,600 --> 00:09:43,716 is a story of great betrayals. 113 00:09:45,040 --> 00:09:48,351 Moravia had gladly accepted, 114 00:09:49,560 --> 00:09:54,031 above all he was interested in selling his novels as film stories. 115 00:09:54,160 --> 00:10:00,873 One day he told me: "I believe I sold more than 40 stories for making films." 116 00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:07,755 Actually, he was more interested in quantity than in quality. 117 00:10:10,560 --> 00:10:14,633 I think some of the movies based on his novels still seem very good nowadays. 118 00:10:14,960 --> 00:10:17,713 THE CREW 119 00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:22,198 Once I'd finished the screenplay, things were going very fast, 120 00:10:23,800 --> 00:10:26,792 I handed it in and it was approved. 121 00:10:27,160 --> 00:10:32,917 My cousin and accomplice, Giovanni Bertolucci, who was my producer 122 00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:37,594 in "Partner", "The Spider's Stratagem" and "The Conformist", 123 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:42,351 and I put together a crew for this film that had for the first time 124 00:10:43,280 --> 00:10:49,993 a certain structural and economical weight. 125 00:10:52,240 --> 00:10:55,915 At that time there was talk of hundreds of million liras 126 00:10:56,080 --> 00:10:59,835 but I don't really remember how much the film cost. 127 00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:03,314 Anyway, it was really great 128 00:11:03,480 --> 00:11:08,156 because the greenlight forced us to do things very quickly. 129 00:11:09,360 --> 00:11:14,514 Nando Scarfiotti and I decided 130 00:11:15,320 --> 00:11:22,158 to set the first part of the film at EUR 131 00:11:22,920 --> 00:11:28,313 just to give the feeling of Fascist Rome. 132 00:11:29,080 --> 00:11:35,952 And we were somewhat engrossed in the game of fascination 133 00:11:36,680 --> 00:11:40,230 of that demonic place. 134 00:11:40,560 --> 00:11:43,632 If the State doesn't model itself on the image of the individual, 135 00:11:43,760 --> 00:11:48,118 how will the individual ever model himself in the image of the state? 136 00:11:48,480 --> 00:11:50,153 Et cetera, et cetera. 137 00:11:50,560 --> 00:11:56,033 That iis, it was the place of a Fascism trying to emulate Nazism 138 00:11:56,160 --> 00:11:58,959 which in turn had emulated Fascism. 139 00:11:59,840 --> 00:12:04,311 It was all good material for the film, though. 140 00:12:04,760 --> 00:12:11,712 Put simply, Scarfiotti and I wanted to show the difference 141 00:12:12,480 --> 00:12:19,557 between Fascist Rome and Popular Front Paris as much as possible. 142 00:12:40,680 --> 00:12:46,949 I think the material was, to some extent, in our memory 143 00:12:47,080 --> 00:12:49,913 of cinephiles, in the films we had watched. 144 00:12:50,560 --> 00:12:58,274 I really loved French cinema from the late Thirties 145 00:12:59,160 --> 00:13:02,915 as well as American cinema from the same period, 146 00:13:03,200 --> 00:13:07,080 and I thought I could finally make a film 147 00:13:07,440 --> 00:13:10,080 in which I could unite these passions of mine. 148 00:13:14,080 --> 00:13:19,280 Scarfiotti and I looked more at magazines of that time. 149 00:13:28,680 --> 00:13:33,311 Meanwhile, Gitt Magrini joined the small initial cell 150 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:39,598 composed of Giovanni Bertolucci, Scarfiotti and I. 151 00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:44,874 She was a costume designer on many Nouvelle Vague films, 152 00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:47,753 like those by Truffaut and Godard. 153 00:13:48,240 --> 00:13:53,872 She also acted in “La notte" by Antonioni 154 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:58,631 where she played the role of Monica Vitti's mother. 155 00:13:59,920 --> 00:14:05,552 She was a very special friend and an outstanding costume designer. 156 00:14:06,160 --> 00:14:12,395 In “The Conformist" she even managed to surprise 157 00:14:12,520 --> 00:14:18,710 those belonging to Visconti's circle: 158 00:14:19,840 --> 00:14:26,633 Piero Tosi, Albertelli, Mauro Bolognini... 159 00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:33,194 Umberto Tirelli, the costumer, and so on. 160 00:14:34,880 --> 00:14:42,992 Gitt had worked on "Pierrot le Fou" by Godard, 161 00:14:43,480 --> 00:14:47,519 and though she came from French cinema, she nevertheless managed 162 00:14:47,920 --> 00:14:55,316 to gain acceptance in the world of cinema costumers 163 00:14:56,160 --> 00:14:58,879 in Rome at the end of the Sixties. 164 00:14:59,200 --> 00:15:01,430 Giulia, look at this! 165 00:15:07,680 --> 00:15:09,398 Anna, come here! 166 00:15:09,560 --> 00:15:12,632 Then of course there was Storaro 167 00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:17,676 who had just worked with me on "The Spider's Stratagem" 168 00:15:18,840 --> 00:15:23,755 and was now once again with me on "The Conformist". 169 00:15:25,960 --> 00:15:30,875 For now, I won't mention anyone else. 170 00:15:31,120 --> 00:15:33,714 This was the initial group 171 00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,197 and we started off with very little preparation 172 00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:43,239 but perhaps with a lot of interior preparation. 173 00:15:43,600 --> 00:15:46,479 STYLOMETRIC INTERLUDE 1 174 00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:50,630 In this histogram we represent 175 00:15:50,800 --> 00:15:53,997 the 30 scenes which the film can be divided into, with columns. 176 00:15:54,320 --> 00:15:57,711 Their height indicates their length in minutes. 177 00:15:58,520 --> 00:16:03,310 The yellow ones indicate the scenes, set in 1938, 178 00:16:03,680 --> 00:16:07,230 of Marcello Clerici's journey from Paris to Savoy 179 00:16:07,520 --> 00:16:11,832 which ends with the killing of professor Quadri and his wife Anna. 180 00:16:12,880 --> 00:16:17,556 The red ones indicate the scenes set earlier in Rome, 181 00:16:17,680 --> 00:16:20,354 then in Ventimiglia and finally in Paris. 182 00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:27,349 The blue one indicates Marcello's childhood memory that can be dated in 1917. 183 00:16:28,240 --> 00:16:32,871 The green ones indicate the night of 25 July 1943. 184 00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:39,399 The intersections of yellow columns with red lines indicate the inserts, 185 00:16:39,600 --> 00:16:45,676 during the car trip to Savoy, of flashbacks relating to the Roman scenes. 186 00:16:46,320 --> 00:16:51,838 The blue-yellow and the blue-red column indicate the inserts of childhood memories 187 00:16:51,960 --> 00:16:54,793 in the scenes set in the car and in Rome. 188 00:16:56,200 --> 00:17:01,229 As you can see, the insertion of flashbacks characterizes the first part of the film, 189 00:17:01,640 --> 00:17:04,837 while in the second part the narrative trend is linear. 190 00:17:06,640 --> 00:17:10,952 In this histogram we see the scale of shots. 191 00:17:11,960 --> 00:17:16,477 As you can see, shots, from big close-ups to full shots, are predominant: 192 00:17:16,560 --> 00:17:21,475 here the character prevails in the shot if compared to long shots, 193 00:17:21,560 --> 00:17:24,996 where, instead, environment prevails over character. 194 00:17:26,720 --> 00:17:31,749 However, compared to Bertolucci's previous films, there is a reduction 195 00:17:31,880 --> 00:17:36,829 of big close-ups and an increase in full shots and medium long shots. 196 00:17:36,960 --> 00:17:40,919 So we could say that in this film a better balance has been reached 197 00:17:41,040 --> 00:17:44,715 in the distance between the camera and the characters. 198 00:17:46,040 --> 00:17:50,113 In this histogram we represent camera movements, 199 00:17:50,320 --> 00:17:53,153 with static shots in yellow. 200 00:17:55,080 --> 00:17:56,673 As you can see in the pie chart, 201 00:17:56,840 --> 00:18:00,720 moving shots are more than one third of the entire film, 202 00:18:00,920 --> 00:18:04,311 that is a considerably higher ratio than the average, 203 00:18:04,520 --> 00:18:07,160 confirmed by other films Bertolucci made, 204 00:18:07,520 --> 00:18:10,034 and worthy of notoriously “mobile” filmmakers, 205 00:18:10,240 --> 00:18:12,914 such as Max Ophuls or Vincente Minnelli 206 00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:16,312 or, as regards Italy, as Giuseppe De Santis. 207 00:18:17,960 --> 00:18:22,716 It should be added that many camera movements are, so to speak, "active", 208 00:18:22,960 --> 00:18:26,316 that is, they don't follow the movement of characters, 209 00:18:26,440 --> 00:18:30,638 and are therefore much more visible than "passive" movements, 210 00:18:30,800 --> 00:18:36,079 i.e. those that merely accompany the characters in their movements. 211 00:18:55,680 --> 00:19:01,153 The first to be identified was Jean-Louis Trintignant 212 00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:06,554 who was in Italy to shoot some movies, maybe with Patroni Griffi 213 00:19:07,480 --> 00:19:09,278 or some other Italian director. 214 00:19:10,480 --> 00:19:15,600 I went to see him, told him briefly about the film. 215 00:19:16,800 --> 00:19:19,155 I remember our first meeting... 216 00:19:20,080 --> 00:19:25,075 Claudio Masenza acted as a mediator, 217 00:19:26,240 --> 00:19:31,235 he was also a great cinephile and a close friend of Trintignant. 218 00:19:31,360 --> 00:19:34,716 In short, we liked each other immediately. 219 00:19:35,600 --> 00:19:37,637 Then I sent him the screenplay 220 00:19:39,080 --> 00:19:43,392 translated quickly into French, somehow. 221 00:19:43,960 --> 00:19:48,591 And without waiting for his reply 222 00:19:49,600 --> 00:19:54,959 I met Stefania Sandrelli who I had recently worked with in "Partner". 223 00:19:55,640 --> 00:20:02,398 The role of professor Quadri's wife was still free, 224 00:20:03,040 --> 00:20:08,877 this anti-Fascist couple, he Italian and she French, living in Paris. 225 00:20:11,080 --> 00:20:16,439 I was looking someone who could represent the middle-class woman. 226 00:20:16,880 --> 00:20:20,999 Our first idea was Brigitte Bardot, 227 00:20:21,480 --> 00:20:25,792 perhaps partly driven by my cousin Giovanni's production impulses. 228 00:20:25,960 --> 00:20:29,794 So we went to see Brigitte Bardot who... 229 00:20:30,640 --> 00:20:38,798 ...treated us with indulgence but wasn't at all convinced by our proposal. 230 00:20:41,880 --> 00:20:43,951 Exactly during those days in Paris 231 00:20:44,160 --> 00:20:49,678 while Giovanni, Nando Scarfiotti and I were together 232 00:20:49,800 --> 00:20:54,078 visiting locations for the French part of the film, 233 00:20:54,520 --> 00:21:00,630 I went to see "A Gentle Woman" by Bresson. 234 00:21:01,160 --> 00:21:04,471 It was his new film so I raced off to see it. 235 00:21:05,040 --> 00:21:09,557 And that was the first time I saw Dominique Sanda. 236 00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:18,630 I met her straight away and we hit it off immediately. 237 00:21:27,720 --> 00:21:36,151 Actually, things were going very fast during that summer-winter of '69. 238 00:21:36,360 --> 00:21:44,040 Screenplay, locations, casting: all in a few weeks. 239 00:21:48,160 --> 00:21:58,593 Well, actually, Trintignant had these little temptations, as an actor, 240 00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:08,114 of inserting in such a gray character 241 00:22:08,840 --> 00:22:12,993 sudden moments of colour, 242 00:22:14,880 --> 00:22:18,271 rapid moments that contradict everything. 243 00:22:18,480 --> 00:22:21,472 It must be quick and decisive! "Camerata"! 244 00:22:27,160 --> 00:22:30,357 The train for Paris leaves in an hour. 245 00:22:31,720 --> 00:22:34,712 I lost my hat. Where's my hat? Where is it? 246 00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:39,313 What else are we waiting for? 247 00:22:40,440 --> 00:22:42,078 You must have a plan by now. 248 00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:44,390 You haven't stood still for an instant. 249 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:48,640 May I say you ought to be following him, not his wife. 250 00:22:49,240 --> 00:22:51,800 There's no point in screaming like that at the birds, you know. 251 00:22:52,520 --> 00:22:54,955 They don't understand you foreigners. Damn. 252 00:22:55,520 --> 00:22:57,955 He thinks the birds in Paris are foreigners. 253 00:22:59,320 --> 00:23:00,390 God damn it. 254 00:23:01,040 --> 00:23:07,559 With Gastone Moschin I felt... I could not imagine anyone 255 00:23:08,400 --> 00:23:15,636 more powerful in his horrible nature of true Fascist. 256 00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:19,872 How disgusting. I've always said so. 257 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:22,355 Make me work in the shit, sure, but not with a coward. 258 00:23:22,480 --> 00:23:25,950 If it's up to me, cowards, homosexuals and Jews, 259 00:23:26,080 --> 00:23:27,559 they're all the same thing. 260 00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:32,716 If it were up to me, 1'd stand them all against a wall. 261 00:23:35,960 --> 00:23:38,759 The comical aspect you are talking about 262 00:23:38,880 --> 00:23:42,874 that he probably brought from his experience 263 00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:46,755 as an actor of Italian comedies, 264 00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:52,633 was extra material that I liked 265 00:23:53,680 --> 00:24:00,632 because moments of comedy in a movie like that 266 00:24:00,960 --> 00:24:05,591 would have made the academics raise their eyebrows a little: 267 00:24:05,720 --> 00:24:09,236 "How can there possibly be a comic touch in such a dramatic film? 268 00:24:09,400 --> 00:24:17,433 Yes, Roland Barthes teaches us in "The Pleasure of the Text" 269 00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:21,118 that we will reach the greatest pleasure 270 00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:24,437 when we put comedy and drama together. 271 00:24:24,800 --> 00:24:30,876 That is, breaking the mould and give the cards a good shuffle. 272 00:24:43,080 --> 00:24:45,549 I have never shot with storyboards, 273 00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:51,475 I have always improvised, I just can't help it. 274 00:24:51,680 --> 00:24:57,995 I can't go on the set 275 00:24:58,240 --> 00:25:01,631 as many of the crew would like, 276 00:25:01,920 --> 00:25:06,630 having decided the night before what would be done the next day. 277 00:25:06,920 --> 00:25:14,919 And I still let myself go a little bit to what is... 278 00:25:14,960 --> 00:25:17,474 the intuition of that moment. 279 00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:24,073 Since cinema can only be placed in the present, 280 00:25:25,560 --> 00:25:30,760 I act right in the present. 281 00:25:30,960 --> 00:25:33,156 And the present means improvisation. 282 00:25:38,800 --> 00:25:41,952 I remember all these leaves 283 00:25:42,960 --> 00:25:47,909 which Scarfiotti had put around this little mansion in the Parioli neighbourhood. 284 00:25:48,240 --> 00:25:51,949 I think we had a fan on the grips' truck 285 00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:54,151 and he said: "Just take the fan..." 286 00:25:55,000 --> 00:26:01,918 And so the action of Marcello and his mother 287 00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:04,514 moving away from that motionless car 288 00:26:06,200 --> 00:26:10,159 is animated by this wind, by these leaves... 289 00:26:10,720 --> 00:26:13,234 It is precisely the intuition of that moment. 290 00:26:14,080 --> 00:26:16,276 It's a shot that... 291 00:26:17,280 --> 00:26:22,878 Paul Schrader, for example, who loved this film, 292 00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:27,633 tried to do it again in another movie. 293 00:26:27,920 --> 00:26:33,154 It's a shot that had, so to say, many tributes, 294 00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:38,270 that was born, without my knowing it, almost like a quotation: 295 00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:40,391 the quotation of itself. 296 00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:53,073 WE DIDN'T ASK BERTOLUCCI 297 00:26:56,080 --> 00:26:58,151 ...a talk by Italo Montanari. 298 00:26:59,160 --> 00:27:03,358 Italy and Germany, two strongholds of light 299 00:27:03,480 --> 00:27:05,039 in the course of centuries. 300 00:27:05,280 --> 00:27:08,591 Their unparalleled encounters mark a turning point 301 00:27:10,880 --> 00:27:12,075 in the course of world history. 302 00:27:12,240 --> 00:27:16,950 again, these two peoples are rediscovering their ancient virtues. 303 00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:20,152 Virtues that embody similarity and reciprocity 304 00:27:20,240 --> 00:27:22,436 that have been long forgotten, 305 00:27:22,560 --> 00:27:26,793 that which Goebbels calls "the Prussian aspect' of Benito Mussolini, 306 00:27:26,920 --> 00:27:30,231 and which we call "the Latin aspect' of Adolf Hitler. 307 00:27:30,360 --> 00:27:34,149 Italy and Germany, bringing the world two great revolutions, 308 00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:36,510 the Anti-Parliamentarian and the Anti-Democratic. 309 00:27:39,480 --> 00:27:43,269 Dlaaes eta obatan Of PP Please, stay seated, Clerici. 310 00:27:44,800 --> 00:27:46,029 Is there any news for me? 311 00:27:49,720 --> 00:27:51,996 Violets? Violets, monsieur? 312 00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:55,709 Do you want violets? 313 00:27:56,640 --> 00:27:58,472 These are real Parma violets. 314 00:28:00,320 --> 00:28:02,391 - They're really from Parma? - Absolutely. 315 00:28:02,520 --> 00:28:03,749 Let me have one. 316 00:28:05,560 --> 00:28:06,630 Thank you. 317 00:28:07,560 --> 00:28:09,358 "Ye prisoners of starvation!" 318 00:28:09,560 --> 00:28:12,393 "Arise ye prisoners of starvation 319 00:28:12,520 --> 00:28:15,319 Awake ye wretched of the Earth 320 00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:18,631 For justice thunders condemnation 321 00:28:18,800 --> 00:28:21,792 A better world in birth 322 00:28:21,920 --> 00:28:25,515 No more tradition's chains shall bind us 323 00:28:25,640 --> 00:28:28,632 Arise ye slaves no more in thrall 324 00:28:28,800 --> 00:28:31,997 The earth shall rise on new foundations 325 00:28:32,160 --> 00:28:35,437 We have been naught, we shall be all.” 326 00:29:21,080 --> 00:29:22,639 1 Aaal ~iit Miss #5 29 Look out, I'm shooting. 327 00:30:14,600 --> 00:30:17,399 THE EDITING 328 00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:20,234 The film was shot in two stages: 329 00:30:20,360 --> 00:30:25,992 one before Christmas "69 and the other, 330 00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:32,395 a period of just two-three weeks, in January-February 1970. 331 00:30:34,720 --> 00:30:39,794 My cousin Giovanni said: “1 will be the producer. 332 00:30:42,480 --> 00:30:50,956 So I almost want to impose a new editor on you." 333 00:30:51,560 --> 00:30:57,238 Actually, I worked a lot with Roberto Perpignani, we were so alike, so close. 334 00:30:57,880 --> 00:31:07,597 The idea was meeting someone new to guide me 335 00:31:07,920 --> 00:31:11,879 towards a new type of editing, with a new kind of editor 336 00:31:12,040 --> 00:31:15,317 and a new film, and perhaps with a new way of filming on my part 337 00:31:15,440 --> 00:31:17,670 compared to my previous films. 338 00:31:18,440 --> 00:31:25,551 The new editor was Kim Arcalli who was a pretty legendary character: 339 00:31:25,720 --> 00:31:29,395 he was in the G.A.P. (Patriotic Action Groups) in Venice, 340 00:31:29,920 --> 00:31:33,311 then he went to the mountains, 341 00:31:33,440 --> 00:31:40,153 at 17 he was a political commissar in a Garibaldi Brigade. 342 00:31:41,480 --> 00:31:46,793 He showed me a photo of him at 17 with Stalin-like moustachios. 343 00:31:47,400 --> 00:31:51,075 Obviously he had lied, 344 00:31:51,120 --> 00:31:53,634 he said he was 21 and in fact he looked this age. 345 00:31:54,160 --> 00:31:56,276 Instead he was 17, maybe 16. 346 00:31:56,760 --> 00:32:04,235 Anyway, he had been editing for a few years in Rome. 347 00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:11,398 He left Venice but certainly didn't lost a very strong Venetian accent. 348 00:32:12,480 --> 00:32:22,390 He was incredibly rich from an intellectual point of view. 349 00:32:24,880 --> 00:32:32,150 Kim, who unfortunately passed away very early, in 1978 350 00:32:33,280 --> 00:32:38,070 after we had begun writing the screenplay of "Luna" together, 351 00:32:38,400 --> 00:32:47,150 started taking me to the editing room in a new way. 352 00:32:47,280 --> 00:32:51,114 He worked on the material of "The Conformist" 353 00:32:52,040 --> 00:33:00,391 not trying to “insert” that moment of cinema 354 00:33:00,560 --> 00:33:07,478 which I had sought and desired to achieve. 355 00:33:08,560 --> 00:33:14,556 It was as though he took me by the hand to search in the recesses of the film 356 00:33:16,120 --> 00:33:21,035 for those beautiful things, the possible combinations 357 00:33:21,600 --> 00:33:26,390 of material that maybe I hadn't thought of putting together. 358 00:33:28,200 --> 00:33:35,152 It was like discovering new things in the film which even I didn't know about. 359 00:33:35,960 --> 00:33:41,319 So, on one hand, it feels like you're losing control of the film 360 00:33:41,600 --> 00:33:45,719 because maybe there are beautiful things which you hadn't even noticed 361 00:33:45,840 --> 00:33:47,911 and editing points them out to you. 362 00:33:48,560 --> 00:33:51,598 This iis still the thing I thank Kim for, 363 00:33:51,720 --> 00:33:56,237 the thing he helped me to discover: 364 00:33:57,120 --> 00:34:01,512 that through a certain cut between two shots 365 00:34:03,680 --> 00:34:11,314 maybe you betray the spirit that was intentionally behind those two shots 366 00:34:11,440 --> 00:34:16,389 but you create a new one that originates right from this fusion 367 00:34:16,520 --> 00:34:17,874 that had not been envisaged. 368 00:34:18,840 --> 00:34:23,835 The name "sequence shot" means that there are no cuts within it. 369 00:34:24,880 --> 00:34:30,193 On the other hand, I liked to challenge Kim's talent 370 00:34:30,680 --> 00:34:35,151 to see if he could cut the sequence shot 371 00:34:36,120 --> 00:34:40,079 and create something new and different. 372 00:34:42,680 --> 00:34:44,637 Dottore Marcello! 373 00:34:46,320 --> 00:34:49,278 But we have to be there. We have a certain responsibility. 374 00:34:49,400 --> 00:34:50,470 Fancy that! 375 00:34:52,280 --> 00:34:52,917 Stop! Stop! 376 00:34:54,720 --> 00:34:55,471 Stop! Stop! 377 00:34:55,640 --> 00:35:00,874 I was frankly very uncertain 378 00:35:02,760 --> 00:35:06,355 as to whether to tell the film chronologically 379 00:35:06,560 --> 00:35:17,119 or to insert the whole story into something that actually is 380 00:35:17,160 --> 00:35:22,633 the journey Marcello Clerici, the conformist, 381 00:35:22,640 --> 00:35:26,952 makes by car with the OVRA agent. 382 00:35:27,200 --> 00:35:29,350 You've got to try and understand women. 383 00:35:31,040 --> 00:35:33,714 Say she had decided to stay in Paris. She could have, no? 384 00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:41,990 "Animula vagula blandula hospes comesque corporis.” 385 00:35:43,960 --> 00:35:47,510 - I'm sorry, 1 didn't get that. - It's nothing. It's Latin. 386 00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:54,671 Kim pushed me a lot to at least try 387 00:35:56,080 --> 00:36:00,756 the version with the flashbacks. 388 00:36:03,120 --> 00:36:10,117 I must say that it seemed to work very well 389 00:36:10,240 --> 00:36:13,710 so we went on in that way. 390 00:36:14,480 --> 00:36:17,438 STYLOMETRIC INTERLUDE 2 391 00:36:19,200 --> 00:36:21,919 This diagram shows the film's progress 392 00:36:22,040 --> 00:36:24,600 following the length of each shot. 393 00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:29,238 It highlights the rhythm of editing which is relatively slow: 394 00:36:29,800 --> 00:36:34,397 the average shot length is in fact 10 seconds and 4 tenths. 395 00:36:35,720 --> 00:36:37,631 However, this rhythm is much faster 396 00:36:37,720 --> 00:36:40,519 than that of Bertolucci's two previous films. 397 00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:47,040 Compared with the films edited by Franco Arcalli, 398 00:36:47,120 --> 00:36:49,794 before his debut with Bertolucci, 399 00:36:49,920 --> 00:36:52,753 "The Conformist" proves to be slower. 400 00:36:55,320 --> 00:36:57,231 In other words, in "The Conformist" 401 00:36:57,320 --> 00:37:00,039 the balance between the tendency to use sequence shots, 402 00:37:00,120 --> 00:37:05,069 typical of Bertolucci's previous films, and splintered editing, 403 00:37:05,200 --> 00:37:09,239 introduced by Arcalli, finds its point of balance. 404 00:37:11,680 --> 00:37:16,390 In this other diagram the 637 shots from the film 405 00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:19,672 are seen from top to bottom. 406 00:37:20,640 --> 00:37:23,758 The red line - or trendline - which crosses them 407 00:37:23,880 --> 00:37:28,192 highlights the fluctuation of the rhythm from one scene to another. 408 00:37:29,280 --> 00:37:34,116 As can be seen, this line entails 3 areas where the rhythm slows down. 409 00:37:34,400 --> 00:37:37,756 In effect, though on one hand the film de-constructs 410 00:37:37,880 --> 00:37:41,271 the typical narrative structure which films of that period had, 411 00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:46,918 on the other it preserves the traditional rhythmical structure in three movements. 412 00:37:47,480 --> 00:37:50,791 By making a comparison with "Before the Revolution" 413 00:37:50,960 --> 00:37:56,478 - which has a slightly higher average shot length: 11 seconds and 8 tenths - 414 00:37:56,720 --> 00:38:00,076 the similarities with "The Conformist" are highlighted. 415 00:38:00,200 --> 00:38:04,433 In this case too, there is a rhythmic structure in 3 movements. 416 00:38:04,720 --> 00:38:06,950 What is more, it can be noted that in both films 417 00:38:07,040 --> 00:38:09,759 the rhythm of the finale is increased: 418 00:38:09,920 --> 00:38:12,878 the middle class marriage in "Before the Revolution" 419 00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:17,597 and the night of 25 July 1943 in "The Conformist". 420 00:38:17,800 --> 00:38:20,599 Both of these closing scenes, which distinguish themselves 421 00:38:20,720 --> 00:38:24,031 from the rest of the film both narratively and rhythmically, 422 00:38:24,280 --> 00:38:27,193 form a sort of gloss over it. 423 00:38:32,800 --> 00:38:37,078 I think there was a French co-production 424 00:38:37,200 --> 00:38:43,879 so I was pushed, besides engaging Trintignant and Sanda, 425 00:38:45,040 --> 00:38:49,637 to seek some collaborators in France, and I was very happy about that. 426 00:38:50,200 --> 00:38:54,671 In this way I was able to get to Georges Delerue 427 00:38:54,800 --> 00:39:02,992 who I liked very much and listened to many times in Truffaut's and Godard's films. 428 00:39:03,720 --> 00:39:08,191 I met him, he understood the film perfectly 429 00:39:08,320 --> 00:39:11,995 and I think he had everything going for him. 430 00:39:13,480 --> 00:39:21,274 The music he composed was so right for the film, 431 00:39:22,120 --> 00:39:28,674 so close to the spirit with which, I think, I made the film. 432 00:39:30,640 --> 00:39:38,479 There was also great irony regarding the time in which the film was set 433 00:39:39,720 --> 00:39:50,040 and also some little refinements due to the period. 434 00:40:23,520 --> 00:40:25,158 They must stop dancing. 435 00:40:25,960 --> 00:40:26,950 2 4 B 436 00:40:28,480 --> 00:40:29,356 They're both so pretty. 437 00:40:31,160 --> 00:40:41,195 I remember when we recorded the music for the guinguette in the studio, 438 00:40:42,360 --> 00:40:45,716 the popular dance hall 439 00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:51,350 where the conformist and the others go dancing 440 00:40:53,080 --> 00:40:56,277 and Sandrelli and Sanda embark on a tango. 441 00:40:58,360 --> 00:41:02,115 I remember how amused Delerue was 442 00:41:02,920 --> 00:41:10,873 and how he went looking for those kinds of... 443 00:41:11,800 --> 00:41:14,872 ...small accordions, some sorts of bandoneons... 444 00:41:16,040 --> 00:41:23,720 That is, the whole philological structure of the music of that age. 445 00:41:37,200 --> 00:41:43,719 “Chi & piu felice di me" was almost part of a choice relating to screenplay. 446 00:41:45,840 --> 00:41:51,518 The screenplay says "Trio Le Rondinelle", but in reality is the "Trio Lescano". 447 00:41:52,600 --> 00:41:56,833 It's just the memory, the nostalgia for the Trio Lescano, 448 00:41:57,960 --> 00:42:01,078 perhaps regarded somewhat ironically. 449 00:42:03,080 --> 00:42:05,879 As a child, I listened to the radio a lot 450 00:42:06,000 --> 00:42:13,270 like all the children who were born in war time... 451 00:42:13,320 --> 00:42:18,633 There was a whistling, which separated the radio programs, 452 00:42:19,280 --> 00:42:24,275 that had always fascinated me. It was a very articulate, 453 00:42:25,000 --> 00:42:29,437 somewhat Rococo whistling... 454 00:42:30,720 --> 00:42:38,480 As there was a sequence with the radio of that time at the beginning of the film, 455 00:42:38,680 --> 00:42:43,629 I finally got to mention, include this whistling 456 00:42:43,760 --> 00:42:47,310 that separated radio programs from each other. 457 00:42:47,920 --> 00:42:54,075 And with a touch of humour and comedy as well: 458 00:42:54,720 --> 00:42:59,078 there is a whistler who lowers himself to the microphone 459 00:42:59,160 --> 00:43:06,351 and makes that perfect whistle we always heard on the radio. 460 00:43:14,840 --> 00:43:16,592 "Mystique of an Alliance” 461 00:43:16,720 --> 00:43:20,475 In short, in good movies many things happen 462 00:43:22,880 --> 00:43:25,554 by chance or even by mistake. 463 00:43:26,080 --> 00:43:32,918 I chose “Come I'ombra", the music for the last shots of the film, 464 00:43:33,640 --> 00:43:37,998 at the last moment, at the time of going to the sound mixing, 465 00:43:38,160 --> 00:43:41,596 it wasn't in the original score for the film. 466 00:43:41,800 --> 00:43:46,237 I chose that song 467 00:43:47,880 --> 00:43:50,998 fro J Np A om LJ t IS ( iA ng 9 st el ne “A to 468 00:43:51,120 --> 00:43:54,158 "You weary shadow walking away from me..." 469 00:43:54,840 --> 00:44:00,597 Then the lyrics of the song somehow fit 470 00:44:00,800 --> 00:44:03,110 that shot, that moment in the film. 471 00:44:03,240 --> 00:44:07,677 But it's purely accidental, it's not premeditated. 472 00:44:07,800 --> 00:44:09,438 And perhaps it is even better like that. 473 00:44:13,400 --> 00:44:18,793 I can't remember if Alberto's novel had already mentioned 474 00:44:19,440 --> 00:44:22,990 the dialogue between the two characters, when they met in Paris 475 00:44:25,080 --> 00:44:31,395 and dug out one of the professor's lectures on Plato's cave 476 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:35,436 at Rome university. 477 00:44:35,800 --> 00:44:46,518 I re-read that myth and it seemed perfect for the film 478 00:44:47,160 --> 00:44:55,955 and I thought it would be right to shoot it with the help of shadows. 479 00:44:56,760 --> 00:44:58,159 MAD Professor, Remember, Professor, 480 00:44:58,920 --> 00:45:00,399 as soon as you used to enter the classroom 481 00:45:00,560 --> 00:45:02,392 we bad to shut the windows. 482 00:45:03,160 --> 00:45:05,629 You couldn't stand all that light, that noise. 483 00:45:07,080 --> 00:45:09,071 Later, I understood why you used to do that. 484 00:45:09,360 --> 00:45:13,957 All these years, you know what remained most firmly imprinted on my memory? 485 00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:16,320 Your voice. 486 00:45:16,640 --> 00:45:21,635 Marcello summarizes the myth of the cave in a few words. 487 00:45:21,760 --> 00:45:27,995 And while I was shooting I realized 488 00:45:28,160 --> 00:45:30,151 that what he is describing is cinema after all. 489 00:45:30,360 --> 00:45:33,079 I mean, it's the device of cinema: 490 00:45:33,240 --> 00:45:39,634 you have a cave with enchained prisoners 491 00:45:40,560 --> 00:45:45,509 with their backs to the entrance who are looking at the end of the cave. 492 00:45:45,640 --> 00:45:49,554 Behind them, in the open air, there's a fire. 493 00:45:49,720 --> 00:45:55,238 Two characters with some statues pass in front of the fire. 494 00:45:56,320 --> 00:46:01,952 The fire casts the shadows of these statues on the back of the cave. 495 00:46:02,280 --> 00:46:05,796 This is exactly the mechanism of cinema. 496 00:46:06,600 --> 00:46:13,119 Then imagine, in 1969-70 it was nice to think and say 497 00:46:13,200 --> 00:46:17,398 that cinema was actually invented by Plato. 498 00:46:17,840 --> 00:46:19,956 The enchained prisoners of Plato. 499 00:46:20,200 --> 00:46:21,873 And how they resemble us. 500 00:46:22,360 --> 00:46:25,034 - And what do they see? - What do they see? 501 00:46:25,800 --> 00:46:28,633 You who come from Italy should know from experience. 502 00:46:29,640 --> 00:46:31,756 They see only the shadows the fire makes 503 00:46:31,880 --> 00:46:34,076 on the back of the cave that faces them. 504 00:46:34,560 --> 00:46:36,471 Shadows. The reflections of things. 505 00:46:36,680 --> 00:46:42,915 What the professor tells Marcello is: 506 00:46:43,800 --> 00:46:50,797 in this moment in Italy you aren't seeing reality, but the shadows of reality. 507 00:46:54,680 --> 00:47:00,756 I clearly remember that Storaro and I decided to shoot it 508 00:47:00,880 --> 00:47:04,316 using the shadows that come and go 509 00:47:04,480 --> 00:47:08,713 in order to illustrate the myth told by Marcello. 510 00:47:08,880 --> 00:47:14,432 The discovery that the myth of the cave had a device 511 00:47:14,560 --> 00:47:22,559 very similar to that of cinema really... thrilled us. 512 00:47:27,080 --> 00:47:36,273 I started undergoing my never-ending analysis at the beginning of '69. 513 00:47:38,440 --> 00:47:46,074 The Spider's Stratagem" was written during these early periods 514 00:47:46,920 --> 00:47:51,915 of great discovery of something new. 515 00:47:52,600 --> 00:48:01,076 It was as though psychoanalysis gave me an extra lens 516 00:48:02,040 --> 00:48:08,116 which I could equip my camera with. 517 00:48:08,640 --> 00:48:14,477 I have to say that psychoanalysis somehow helped me 518 00:48:15,680 --> 00:48:22,154 to understand these characters better, or maybe to have a relationship with actors 519 00:48:22,280 --> 00:48:29,311 which was different from that of the director who... is imposing, 520 00:48:29,480 --> 00:48:36,557 and more similar to that of the director who listens, observes and proposes again. 521 00:48:41,000 --> 00:48:49,875 I remember that in analysis we talked a lot about the film story. 522 00:48:54,080 --> 00:49:04,149 I had just had enthusiastic moments typical of a beginner. 523 00:49:04,400 --> 00:49:10,555 But I must say I ended up changing how the story ends 524 00:49:12,320 --> 00:49:15,631 precisely because of psychoanalysis. 525 00:49:17,000 --> 00:49:22,951 The ending by Moravia shows the conformist and his family, 526 00:49:24,480 --> 00:49:27,552 consisting of his wife and two children, 527 00:49:28,880 --> 00:49:33,829 fleeing from Rome after 25 July to try to find 528 00:49:33,960 --> 00:49:39,399 P vey ry VEY) a quiet place not ravaged by war. 529 00:49:40,800 --> 00:49:47,240 A fighter plane sees their car driving through the Lazio countryside 530 00:49:47,360 --> 00:49:51,558 towards Ciociaria which Moravia knew well, 531 00:49:51,720 --> 00:49:55,953 it goes down, fires at them and they all die. 532 00:49:57,160 --> 00:50:01,870 Then I felt this ending was a little bit... 533 00:50:03,560 --> 00:50:08,999 It seemed to me that there was this deus ex machina 534 00:50:09,480 --> 00:50:13,599 illing the characters in the film, killing the characters in the film, 535 00:50:13,720 --> 00:50:17,509 especially our hero. 536 00:50:18,480 --> 00:50:20,676 So I wondered: 537 00:50:21,960 --> 00:50:26,636 "Perhaps it would be even stronger for Marcello's character, 538 00:50:27,240 --> 00:50:35,910 if on that night of 25 July when Fascism collapses, 539 00:50:39,160 --> 00:50:43,631 he also has a revelation. 540 00:50:43,800 --> 00:50:49,591 He becomes aware from the few things he sees around him 541 00:50:50,840 --> 00:50:56,677 and particularly from the reappearance of a minor character 542 00:50:56,800 --> 00:50:59,314 but who is very important in Marcello's life: 543 00:50:59,440 --> 00:51:09,680 the homosexual chauffeur who kidnapped him at some point. 544 00:51:10,480 --> 00:51:14,439 Marcello thought he had Killed him and realizes he had not. 545 00:51:14,600 --> 00:51:24,396 He realizes that his feeling different, and therefore a murderer, 546 00:51:25,000 --> 00:51:29,551 had led him to try to be like everyone else, 547 00:51:29,720 --> 00:51:36,638 thus to conform to everyone else. 548 00:51:36,680 --> 00:51:40,310 I shall play for you the last part of a foxtrot by Maestro Delerue. 549 00:51:47,480 --> 00:51:50,836 What do you get out of working for the OVRA? 550 00:51:53,000 --> 00:51:55,560 1 get the feeling I'm finally back 551 00:51:55,960 --> 00:51:58,076 to the normal state I mentioned to you. 552 00:52:00,320 --> 00:52:04,951 - What's a normal man like in your opinion? - A normal man! 553 00:52:07,880 --> 00:52:09,917 For me, a normal man is one 554 00:52:11,400 --> 00:52:15,678 who turns his head to look at a beautiful woman's bottom 555 00:52:16,560 --> 00:52:18,995 and discovers he's not the only one to have turned his head. 556 00:52:19,120 --> 00:52:20,997 At least 5 or 6 others have done the same, 557 00:52:22,000 --> 00:52:27,473 and he is glad if he finds people who are like him, his equals. 558 00:52:27,880 --> 00:52:29,996 That's why he likes crowded beaches, 559 00:52:30,120 --> 00:52:32,316 football, the bars downtown... 560 00:52:32,480 --> 00:52:34,710 And immense rallies in Piazza Venezia. 561 00:52:36,120 --> 00:52:38,316 He likes people similar to himself 562 00:52:38,800 --> 00:52:41,792 and does not trust those who are different. 563 00:52:43,160 --> 00:52:46,198 That's why a normal man is a true brother, a true citizen, 564 00:52:46,320 --> 00:52:48,834 - ...a true patriot. - A true Fascist. 565 00:52:48,880 --> 00:52:50,757 This is the story of "The Conformist": 566 00:52:50,920 --> 00:52:56,871 the story of someone who, feeling or being different, 567 00:52:59,600 --> 00:53:05,551 acts with a very strong will 568 00:53:06,520 --> 00:53:10,878 to try to be like other people, like everyone else. 569 00:53:11,640 --> 00:53:16,999 Just in the very last seconds of the film, 570 00:53:17,360 --> 00:53:27,156 perhaps Marcello has this insight, this intuition... 571 00:53:27,720 --> 00:53:33,716 He realizes that everything was based on imagination, 572 00:53:34,400 --> 00:53:37,472 on a very strong feeling of guilt. 573 00:53:37,720 --> 00:53:46,799 And that perhaps his diversity is more sexual, profound and latent 574 00:53:47,920 --> 00:53:54,394 than that of having being a murderer, something we will never know for sure. 575 00:53:54,520 --> 00:54:02,075 "You weary shadow walking away from me..." 576 00:54:02,120 --> 00:54:08,992 What are you missing in life? 577 00:54:10,440 --> 00:54:17,198 Maybe you go looking for love 578 00:54:17,320 --> 00:54:24,158 that this heart can't give you 579 00:54:24,640 --> 00:54:31,831 Long is the road of the unknown fate 580 00:54:32,080 --> 00:54:39,032 and its path doesn't shine with dew 581 00:54:40,840 --> 00:54:46,916 Shadow, don't get lost in the sun 582 00:54:47,320 --> 00:54:54,238 that burns the heart with its warmth. 583 00:54:54,800 --> 00:54:58,714 Don't go on, the destination is uncertain, 584 00:54:58,760 --> 00:55:02,469 tell me again: "You are love" 585 00:55:02,680 --> 00:55:06,230 Stand by my side once again 586 00:55:06,360 --> 00:55:09,751 Brief is the charm of youth 587 00:55:09,880 --> 00:55:17,753 "You weary shadow walking away from me..." 588 00:55:17,880 --> 00:55:24,559 What are you missing in life? 589 00:55:26,240 --> 00:55:32,555 Maybe you go looking for love 590 00:55:32,960 --> 00:55:39,354 that this heart can't find for you 591 00:56:26,080 --> 00:56:27,957 - Manganiello. - Yes, Dottore. 592 00:56:29,320 --> 00:56:31,834 - I've just had a fantastic dream. - You did? 593 00:56:32,520 --> 00:56:34,909 I was in Switzerland. And you were taking me 594 00:56:35,080 --> 00:56:37,356 for an operation in a hospital because I was blind. 595 00:56:37,480 --> 00:56:39,039 Switzerland. It's beautiful. 596 00:56:40,000 --> 00:56:42,196 And Professor Quadri did the operation. 597 00:56:42,880 --> 00:56:46,396 The operation was a success and I was leaving soon 598 00:56:46,560 --> 00:56:50,155 with the wife of the Professor. And she loved me. 599 00:56:53,880 --> 00:56:55,075 Switzerland. 52701

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