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This is the kissing gate\n of St Kyneburga's Church,
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here in the village of Castor\n in Cambridgeshire...
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and it's one of the most beautiful\n medieval churches in England.
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And yet it's what's under this\n church's graveyard
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that's got our archaeologists very\n excited, because beneath my feet
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could be the remains of a mysterious\n Roman building.
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But it's not just one\n Roman building by itself.
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Over there in the school playing\n field,
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across there in the rectory,\n in fact everywhere I look,
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archaeologists have found\n impressive Roman structures.
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This could add up to be\n something very special.
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Looks like it's going to be\n a hectic three days,
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that is,\n if I can ever get down again.
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Castor is 5 miles west\n of Peterborough in Cambridgeshire.
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Nearly 2,000 years ago,\n it was right next to the important
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Roman town of Durobrivae and less\n than a mile from Ermine Street,
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a major Roman road that's still\n visible from the air today.
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And over the last 400 years,\n antiquarians, archaeologists -\n and even gravediggers -
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have been discovering nuggets of\n Castor's intriguing past.
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Ben, you've been here before.\n You're an old friend of William\n and his gravediggers.
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Yes, I used to look after\nthe archaeology in this area,
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so yes, I know William well.
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Why, why did you keep coming here?
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Well, every time a grave was dug,
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a mass of Roman material would come\nout so it was obviously of interest
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and something that I ought to\nbe concerned about.
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This kind of stuff?
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Absolutely. I'm\n just an enthusiastic amateur,
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but even I can recognise distinctive\n Roman material like this.
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Tegula is a Roman\n tile that's ridged,
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a piece of pilae -\n Romans' hypocaust bricks.
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What's the stuff you got here?
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Well, about a couple of years ago,\nthe gravediggers called me to say
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they thought they'd gone through a\nRoman building in digging the grave.
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Now, obviously I wanted to have a\nlook and they actually lowered me
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into the grave, which was, which was\npretty unnerving and peculiar.
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But in the base of the grave, um,
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it was obvious that they had in fact\ngot something like a Roman floor
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and I can just make out this\nsort of thin band of Roman cement
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and I would dearly love to\nknow what this was part of.
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Are you happy about us\n digging in your graveyard?
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Absolutely.
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It doesn't seem quite right.
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No, there are no bodies buried here.
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What this strip along here?
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Absolutely.
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But even without any graves,\n geophys will still need to scan
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this narrow strip of churchyard\n before we open any trenches.
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We're also surveying the playing\n field of the next door school,
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as this is where an intriguing\n 19th century antiquarian
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said he found some Roman baths.
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Well, here we are.
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He was a man obsessed\n with Castor's archaeology
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and he's buried right here.
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Sacred to the memory of\n Edmund Artis,
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who died the 24th December 18...\n It's pretty eroded.
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47.
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47, in the...59th year of his age.
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Edmund Artis had a remarkable\n mix of talents.
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A chocolate maker\n and a budding artist,
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he wangled himself a job\n working for landed gentry\n in the Castor area.
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He then found he had\n a passion for archaeology
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and became a one man Time Team,\n digging all over the area
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and illustrating his efforts\n with beautiful drawings.
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When there were slack periods\nduring the work on the estate,
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Artis borrows labour from the estate
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and uses it for his excavations\ninto archaeological science.
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And he's going to have the blessing\n of the landowner because he works\n there.
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He's working for him, yes.\nThat's right.
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Ideal, really.
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Absolutely, yes.
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So wonderful stories, for example,\nof excavating through severe winters,
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where all the workmen clear off\nbecause it's too cold
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but leave Edmund Artis digging\naway to his heart's content.
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So he was really a driven man,\nactually.
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Artis also surveyed the village\n and published this map in 1828.
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It claims to show the location\n of lots of Roman buildings
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in and around the churchyard.
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But antiquarians, as we know,\n can be a bit unreliable.
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So we're going to test just how\n much of what Artis says is here
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can actually be found on the ground.
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There's a lot of commonality between\nwhat he mapped and what's still here.
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What you doing, guys?
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Well, what we're trying to do is look\nat, first of all, what Artis mapped
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in the early 19th century
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and we've overlaid them\nagainst the modern base map,
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so we can get some idea\nof idea of where these features were.
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There are enough common features\nto be able to roughly
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work out where his buildings were\nand their orientation and so on.
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Are these Roman buildings?
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Roman buildings, yeah.
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Now, the problem comes\nwhen you add to that,
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this overlay, which is where\nvarious bits of what he found
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have been re-excavated over the\nyears, these bits in yellow.
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Trying to match these together,\n well, it doesn't.
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And just looking at this,\n it seems to be more...
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Well, you match on one side\n and the other side's out.
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You try and match up this side and\n this side's all out. So basically,
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well, it just doesn't match.
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And this is pretty critical to\nsort out the orientation
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and alignment of these walls to\nunderstand what's here.
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So what are we going to do, Stew?
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Well, there's only one\nway to really do that
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and that's almost kind of throw\naway some of this stuff.
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And draw a new map?
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Exactly, create our own map.
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So you two have got quite\n a big job, haven't you?
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Stewart and Henry are going to\n make their own map of Castor
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and mark on it the precise location\n of all the known archaeology...
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A job made easier by the massive\n chunks of Roman wall
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still visible in the lanes\n around the churchyard.
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I can see another large chunk\nout the corner of me eye.
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That's more like it.
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This looks to be part\nof a wall that was heading,
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sort of, in that direction through\nthe churchyard. I mean, this...
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'But the mystery of what lies\n beneath Castor can only be solved\n by digging.'
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Well, I don't know what you pressed.
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'So, ignoring some underwhelming\n geophys...'
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So what are these blobs along here?
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'..Mick decides it's still\n worthwhile opening a trench close to\n where Ben
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'was lowered into that grave.
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'And under the watchful eye of Phil\n and Raksha...'
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A little bit of toil.
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'..our digger gets trench\n number one underway.'
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See, what we're getting is lots\nof reflections close to the surface.
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'John's a bit confused.
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'His radar was showing\n very little here,
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'but we've barely scratched the\n surface and we've got archaeology.'
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It is, without a doubt.
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Could be that, but then...
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Just forget that.
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I am forgetting it.
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This is reality. This will tell us\n whether there's anything there.
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Is that Roman?
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'Already,\n pieces of Roman mosaic flooring,
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'called tessera, are turning up.'
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Yeah, William said you get\n tesserae in the graves here.
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Ah, now what's that?
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Finally John figures out\n where his geophys has gone wrong.
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We've got the Roman filter on.
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What you filter the Roman out,\n yeah.
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'That imaginary filter would\n have to be pretty effective,
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'because when Artis\n first came to Castor,
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'he claimed to have found staggering\n amounts of Roman archaeology.'
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When Edmund Artis comes\nhere in the 1820's,
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he refers to walls\nstanding at considerably height.
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If we look at this, a\nnewspaper report from Edmund Artis...
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7th December 1821.
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So that's the local paper?
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That's the local paper.
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And the report says, "On the north\nside of the church,
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"five rooms have been discovered,
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"the walls of which\nare beautifully painted
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"and from 10 to 11 feet high".
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Wow.
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"But the floors are all destroyed".
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That's massively high, isn't it?
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So that's as high as the walls\nin here, actually.
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Yeah.
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'Back outside,\n it's now raining cats and dogs
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'on our archaeologists\n in trench one.'
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Thank you so much.
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'But despite the weather\n and the geophys results,
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'this trench is turning\n into a gold mine.'
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We got some finds, Paul?
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We're getting loads of finds\nout already.
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There's this stuff,\nwhich is kind of Saxo-Norman,
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11th, early 12th century, about\nthe time the church was built,
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so they were possibly robbing the\nRoman buildings for stone,
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and we've got our first bit of early\nmiddle Saxon handmade pottery,
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5th, 6th, 7th century,\nsomething like that.
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What about this chunky stuff here?
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We've got Roman as well.
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There's some bits of Roman\ncolour-coated pottery,\nwhich is late 3rd, 4th.
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A bit of mosaic tessera. Cracking\nselection of finds already.
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It looks like there's something\n coming out of the trench, Phil.
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This is the crucial thing, Tony.
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As Paul says, we are beginning\n to get Saxon pottery.
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These are the first levels that\n we're actually coming down onto.
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They could include Saxon\n buildings here.
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This is really rather\n extraordinary for us.
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We always have a problem finding\n Saxon on Time Team.
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To find it, great, but then to\n find it on a site
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where we're looking for Roman\n is a little bit more difficult.
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What will we find next?
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Probably snow.
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Afternoon of day one
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here at the fabulous Castor\n Parish Church in Cambridgeshire,
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where we're looking for
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what could be some\n very intriguing Roman buildings.
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Already,\n Phil's put in a trench over there
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on the far side of the graveyard
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and has come up with\n some Roman stuff.
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But now we've moved on\n to the old rectory.
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Stewart, why are we here?
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It's clear that when Artis\nproduced the plan of the site,
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there were Roman buildings\nunder the rectory garden.
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Some excavations were conducted\nin the 1970s,
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which confirmed bits of wall\nthrough keyhole trenches.\nSo we know there's stuff under here.
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But the problem is,\nthese are only tiny little bits.
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We don't know whether this range\nextended further that way,\nor further that way
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and if you look at\nthis lovely drawing,
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that was done by Artis at the time,
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this is what he found down here.
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See the church in the background,\non the right?
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Yeah, you can see that just through\n those trees there, can't you?
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That's it, yeah.
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So you can see,\nit's quite a long way down.
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If we can find\nsome of these features,
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we can get the orientation,\nwe can map them,
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and we can add them to that map\nthat we're creating of the site
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to find out if this is one building\nor a series of buildings.
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So we're going to open\n our second trench
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here in the old rectory garden.
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And after some promising geophys,
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we've decided to put a third trench\n in this corner of the school field.
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This is another spot\n that our antiquarian Artis,
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and later archaeologists,\n have explored.
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And it seems to have been\n an Artis favourite,
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because he drew the remains\n of this impressive Roman bathhouse
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he reckoned he'd found here.
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One thing about excavating here is
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that there's something\nvery identifiable we can latch onto,
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we know exactly where we are.
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But it's never actually been\nexcavated at all in that direction.
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Right.
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So we might get any Roman remains.
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As we start to get to grips\n with this site,
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I'm getting a feeling that there's\n something special about Castor.
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Goodies for archaeologists\n seem almost guaranteed here.
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This is an amazingly impressive\n group of finds, isn't it?
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And all from Peterborough Museum\n and all found at Castor.
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That's right, yeah.\nAll from the Castor area.
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What's particularly interesting\nis the collection of pottery here.
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There's a wonderful hunt cup,\nfor example,
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so called because it has greyhounds,\nor dogs chasing...
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Here it comes, look, the hare.
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Isn't that a lovely, sinuous hare?
240
00:12:25,590 --> 00:12:27,270
It's wonderful, isn't it, yes?
241
00:12:27,270 --> 00:12:30,270
But it's finds like\n this painted wall plaster
242
00:12:30,270 --> 00:12:33,470
that may be the key\n to unlocking the secrets of Castor.
243
00:12:33,470 --> 00:12:35,030
Or this one, look...
244
00:12:35,030 --> 00:12:37,270
Which appears to have some sort of\nimage of foliage on it.
245
00:12:37,270 --> 00:12:38,350
Hmm.
246
00:12:38,350 --> 00:12:40,230
With perhaps leaves being painted.
247
00:12:40,230 --> 00:12:43,830
The whole impression is of\na really, really opulent building.
248
00:12:43,830 --> 00:12:45,990
A really opulent building, yeah.
249
00:12:45,990 --> 00:12:50,710
Artis marks lots of structures\n to the north of the church.
250
00:12:50,710 --> 00:12:54,830
Could this be a complex of\n swanky Roman buildings?
251
00:12:54,830 --> 00:13:00,270
If so, our trench in the old rectory\n garden could be right on top of one.
252
00:13:00,270 --> 00:13:02,470
But if Artis' plan is accurate,
253
00:13:02,470 --> 00:13:04,510
it's the north graveyard
254
00:13:04,510 --> 00:13:06,710
where we really need to focus\n our efforts,
255
00:13:06,710 --> 00:13:10,070
so Jimmy's now geophys-ing here...
256
00:13:10,070 --> 00:13:11,630
And by mid-afternoon,
257
00:13:11,630 --> 00:13:13,510
he's latched onto something.
258
00:13:13,510 --> 00:13:16,790
Um, you've turned up\njust at the right time.
259
00:13:16,790 --> 00:13:18,070
Look at this.
260
00:13:18,070 --> 00:13:20,270
We've got\na really strong reflector here
261
00:13:20,270 --> 00:13:22,830
and it's at least\nfive metres across.
262
00:13:22,830 --> 00:13:25,510
That's nothing like\n anything else in the churchyard.
263
00:13:25,510 --> 00:13:28,110
No, up until now there's been\nthe odd reflection,
264
00:13:28,110 --> 00:13:29,510
but they've looked like
265
00:13:29,510 --> 00:13:32,390
they could just be stone casket,\nor a slab-lined grave.
266
00:13:32,390 --> 00:13:35,750
But this is much, much bigger and\nit's about halfway up the slope,
267
00:13:35,750 --> 00:13:37,430
just beyond where this mess is.
268
00:13:37,430 --> 00:13:40,590
Well, this is where\n the one building was meant to be
269
00:13:40,590 --> 00:13:41,990
from antiquarian records,
270
00:13:41,990 --> 00:13:44,710
where they got this early mosaic.
271
00:13:44,710 --> 00:13:50,230
It's possible Jimmy's detected\n this striking Roman mosaic floor
272
00:13:50,230 --> 00:13:53,190
that Artis drew\n in his book of illustrations.
273
00:13:53,190 --> 00:13:56,510
And if our antiquarian site plan\n is to be trusted,
274
00:13:56,510 --> 00:14:00,470
it makes sense that geophys\n are getting a strong signal here.
275
00:14:00,470 --> 00:14:02,550
Yeah, it's slow going, isn't it?
276
00:14:02,550 --> 00:14:05,830
Yeah. It's been a bit of a challenge.
277
00:14:05,830 --> 00:14:06,390
Well, I'll leave you to it.
278
00:14:06,390 --> 00:14:07,870
Thanks.
279
00:14:10,030 --> 00:14:12,430
But over in Trench Two\n at the old rectory,
280
00:14:12,430 --> 00:14:15,510
there's already\n good Roman evidence turning up.
281
00:14:15,510 --> 00:14:18,550
You've got loads of Roman pottery,\nyou've got Roman tile.
282
00:14:18,550 --> 00:14:21,550
You've got a tiny bit\nof vessel glass.
283
00:14:21,550 --> 00:14:22,390
I don't know where it's come from.
284
00:14:22,390 --> 00:14:22,990
Roman as well, yeah?
285
00:14:22,990 --> 00:14:25,270
It's all Roman, as far as I can tell.
286
00:14:25,270 --> 00:14:27,270
And there's a couple of Roman coins
287
00:14:27,270 --> 00:14:29,590
which is late third century\nor thereabouts.
288
00:14:29,590 --> 00:14:32,630
Most of the pottery is kind of\nlate-third to fourth century -
289
00:14:32,630 --> 00:14:34,150
any time within that span.
290
00:14:34,150 --> 00:14:35,870
It looks like a primary deposit -
291
00:14:35,870 --> 00:14:38,870
it's found where it was dropped,\nsort of thing.
292
00:14:38,870 --> 00:14:41,590
It may not have travelled far\n but I've got an inkling
293
00:14:41,590 --> 00:14:43,790
that we might be looking at\n backfill here.
294
00:14:43,790 --> 00:14:45,590
Oh, really? Yeah.
295
00:14:45,590 --> 00:14:50,630
The pottery's well distributed\n through it, the top's very loose.\n It's very homogenous, thick deposit.
296
00:14:50,630 --> 00:14:53,030
So, I think we may be looking at\n where Artis dug one of his holes.
297
00:14:53,030 --> 00:14:54,390
Really? Hmm.
298
00:14:54,390 --> 00:14:57,830
So Matt could be onto\n a posh Artis building.
299
00:14:59,950 --> 00:15:02,830
But once again,\n it's chucking it down.
300
00:15:02,830 --> 00:15:06,270
Nevertheless, Tracey's battling on\n in the school field,
301
00:15:06,270 --> 00:15:09,030
searching for the Roman baths.
302
00:15:09,030 --> 00:15:11,270
Tracey, is that just a pipe you've\n got in your trench or is it a wall?
303
00:15:11,270 --> 00:15:13,190
It's neither, Tony.
304
00:15:13,190 --> 00:15:16,830
I mean, this trench is turning into\na bit of a nightmare at the moment.
305
00:15:16,830 --> 00:15:18,230
Why's that?
306
00:15:18,230 --> 00:15:21,310
We've got little pockets\nof upstanding Roman archaeology,
307
00:15:21,310 --> 00:15:25,590
all of these yellowy-orangey patches\ndown there, this stretch here...
308
00:15:25,590 --> 00:15:28,150
Everywhere else\nArtis has just dug into it.
309
00:15:28,150 --> 00:15:30,310
It doesn't look like\n I expected it to look.
310
00:15:30,310 --> 00:15:32,950
I thought it would be more\n full of walls than it is.
311
00:15:32,950 --> 00:15:36,790
That's what I was hoping for as well.\nIt doesn't. No sign of walls as yet.
312
00:15:36,790 --> 00:15:39,190
But if it isn't a wall, what is it?
313
00:15:39,190 --> 00:15:41,150
It looks like demolition material.
314
00:15:41,150 --> 00:15:44,150
It may be that this is\nover the top of something.
315
00:15:44,150 --> 00:15:46,470
It certainly has\npainted wall plaster in it.
316
00:15:46,470 --> 00:15:49,550
If we've got that painted plaster,\n then we know it's Roman?
317
00:15:49,550 --> 00:15:51,870
Oh, yeah, and we've got\n these tiles and stuff,
318
00:15:51,870 --> 00:15:54,830
so it looks like\n it's a bathhouse, obviously.
319
00:15:54,830 --> 00:15:56,750
Lots of box flue tiles coming up.
320
00:15:56,750 --> 00:15:59,230
It may be a mess,\n but at least it's a Roman mess,
321
00:15:59,230 --> 00:16:00,270
none of that nasty\n Anglo-Saxon stuff.
322
00:16:00,270 --> 00:16:02,870
Oh, I like Saxon though, Tony.
323
00:16:02,870 --> 00:16:03,990
Not as much as\n the Venerable Bede here.
324
00:16:03,990 --> 00:16:04,990
(LAUGHS)
325
00:16:06,550 --> 00:16:07,590
End of day one...
326
00:16:07,590 --> 00:16:10,830
and as the rain at last\n gives way to sunshine,
327
00:16:10,830 --> 00:16:13,310
something's going on\n behind the church.
328
00:16:13,310 --> 00:16:16,830
There must have been something here\n for them to rob and raid to use it.
329
00:16:16,830 --> 00:16:18,830
What are you guys doing here?
330
00:16:18,830 --> 00:16:22,070
All the excitement's on the far side\n and you're round the back.
331
00:16:22,070 --> 00:16:26,150
But we've been looking at all the\nRoman stuff built into the church.
332
00:16:26,150 --> 00:16:28,190
The tile and the stonework\nand so on,
333
00:16:28,190 --> 00:16:31,030
and the idea that it comes from\na huge Roman building
334
00:16:31,030 --> 00:16:34,750
that's somewhere round near\nthe back of the church.
335
00:16:34,750 --> 00:16:35,950
Artis had a theory
336
00:16:35,950 --> 00:16:38,910
that all the Roman buildings\n to the north of the church
337
00:16:38,910 --> 00:16:40,870
were one giant structure.
338
00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:44,030
And Stephen thinks this\n is how it might have looked.
339
00:16:44,030 --> 00:16:46,590
Well, it's a pretty enormous\nbuilding, Tony.
340
00:16:46,590 --> 00:16:50,110
I mean, from where we're standing\nto the far side, is 110 metres.
341
00:16:50,110 --> 00:16:51,230
Crikey.
342
00:16:51,230 --> 00:16:54,070
If it's that big it would\n absolutely dwarf the church.
343
00:16:54,070 --> 00:16:57,030
Yes, it would be two or three times\nbigger than the church.
344
00:16:57,030 --> 00:16:59,510
So what could something that size\n actually be?
345
00:16:59,510 --> 00:17:01,750
Let's go back to Artis,\nhe called it a praetorium.
346
00:17:01,750 --> 00:17:03,830
What's a praetorium?
347
00:17:03,830 --> 00:17:05,230
Well, in Artis' terms,
348
00:17:05,230 --> 00:17:08,150
he was used to digging\nvillas of fairly modest size
349
00:17:08,150 --> 00:17:11,510
and this was the biggest thing\nthat he ever saw and ever dug
350
00:17:11,510 --> 00:17:15,110
and he gave the term\n"praetorium", implying its size.
351
00:17:15,110 --> 00:17:16,710
What does it mean?
352
00:17:16,710 --> 00:17:20,670
It probably means a headquarters\nfor some state or military function.
353
00:17:20,670 --> 00:17:23,750
Have you geophys-ed this area yet?
354
00:17:23,750 --> 00:17:26,190
Yeah, Jimmy's done\n over half of the graveyard
355
00:17:26,190 --> 00:17:30,150
and, to be honest,\n it's been an absolute nightmare\n with all the graves.
356
00:17:30,150 --> 00:17:33,150
It's been one of the most difficult\n surveys he's done.
357
00:17:33,150 --> 00:17:34,470
The problem I've got is
358
00:17:34,470 --> 00:17:36,590
what we're not seeing\n in these results
359
00:17:36,590 --> 00:17:40,510
are massive Roman walls,\n foundations or rooms.
360
00:17:40,510 --> 00:17:43,870
The same way we didn't this morning,\n you know, in Phil's trench.
361
00:17:43,870 --> 00:17:48,550
If modern technology\n doesn't see the archaeology\n that you think may be there
362
00:17:48,550 --> 00:17:50,310
and Artis thought may be there,
363
00:17:50,310 --> 00:17:52,470
the one thing to do is\n to put a trench in and have a look.
364
00:17:52,470 --> 00:17:53,470
Oh, yeah.
365
00:17:53,470 --> 00:17:55,070
Can we dig the churchyard?
366
00:17:55,070 --> 00:17:55,910
We can dig in this churchyard.
367
00:17:55,910 --> 00:17:56,950
Yay!
368
00:17:56,950 --> 00:17:59,950
We've got one day -\nthe diocese has given permission.
369
00:17:59,950 --> 00:18:02,350
Very excited,\nwe need to grab the chance.
370
00:18:02,350 --> 00:18:02,830
So we've got one day only?
371
00:18:02,830 --> 00:18:04,310
One day only.
372
00:18:04,310 --> 00:18:06,030
'So we've got just a single day
373
00:18:06,030 --> 00:18:08,630
'to find this mysterious\n Roman praetorium
374
00:18:08,630 --> 00:18:11,430
'and not much evidence to go on.
375
00:18:11,430 --> 00:18:16,030
'We're going to need\n some luck tomorrow.'
376
00:18:16,030 --> 00:18:19,830
Beginning of day two here at the\nchurch of St Kyneburga in Castor,
377
00:18:19,830 --> 00:18:23,670
and today we're faced\nwith a big challenge.
378
00:18:23,670 --> 00:18:27,510
We're looking for something that's\nbeen called a "Praetorium", which
379
00:18:27,510 --> 00:18:33,270
is a massive Roman building thought\nto lie somewhere in this graveyard.
380
00:18:33,270 --> 00:18:37,710
But we've only been allowed one day\nto dig it and the second problem,
381
00:18:37,710 --> 00:18:41,310
and hopefully our osteoarchaeologist\nJackie's going to be able to
382
00:18:41,310 --> 00:18:44,430
help us with this one,\nis that nowadays a lot of people
383
00:18:44,430 --> 00:18:48,270
feel far more sensitive about the\nissue of human bones than at almost
384
00:18:48,270 --> 00:18:52,350
any other time in history, how will\nwe respond to those sensitivities?
385
00:18:52,350 --> 00:18:55,030
The first thing, obvious thing,\n is that there's
386
00:18:55,030 --> 00:18:58,390
so many gravestones, we won't be\n able to dig this with a machine,
387
00:18:58,390 --> 00:19:00,190
we have to do everything by hand.
388
00:19:00,190 --> 00:19:04,190
Now there's no modern graves here,\n everything we can see is either
389
00:19:04,190 --> 00:19:06,190
late 18th or 19th century.
390
00:19:06,190 --> 00:19:09,310
So presumably there's going to\nbe bones under bones under bones.
391
00:19:09,310 --> 00:19:11,390
Exactly, and a lot of\n unmarked graves.
392
00:19:11,390 --> 00:19:13,910
And there will be an awful lot\n of material
393
00:19:13,910 --> 00:19:17,550
that's loose in the soil because\n in the past it's been disturbed,
394
00:19:17,550 --> 00:19:21,630
people will have dug unmarked graves\n and bones will have been disturbed.
395
00:19:21,630 --> 00:19:22,670
Disarticulated!
396
00:19:22,670 --> 00:19:26,270
Yes. They were far more robust\n about these things in the past,
397
00:19:26,270 --> 00:19:29,550
as long as they didn't leave the\n consecrated ground of the graveyard,
398
00:19:29,550 --> 00:19:32,590
and that's one thing\n we must make sure happens here -
399
00:19:32,590 --> 00:19:35,430
everything we dig out\n goes back in the ground.
400
00:19:36,750 --> 00:19:41,030
Our efforts will be concentrated\nnorth of the church because that's
401
00:19:41,030 --> 00:19:46,710
where antiquarian Edmund Artis marked\na series of mysterious structures.
402
00:19:46,710 --> 00:19:51,030
If we can confirm key parts of\nhis plan, then we could be
403
00:19:51,030 --> 00:19:56,830
on the way to getting our Praetorium,\na very special Roman building.
404
00:19:56,830 --> 00:19:58,710
We've only got one day, Ben.\nWhat do you think
405
00:19:58,710 --> 00:20:00,510
our overall strategy should be?
406
00:20:00,510 --> 00:20:04,390
Well, I think Artis was a very good\n archaeologist for his time,
407
00:20:04,390 --> 00:20:07,990
but I'm not so confident about this\n sort of floating building here.
408
00:20:07,990 --> 00:20:10,550
Is it attached to the other\n buildings around it?
409
00:20:10,550 --> 00:20:12,310
What alignment is it on?
410
00:20:12,310 --> 00:20:16,470
We need a trench there to tie it to\n the other buildings and sort out the\n alignment.
411
00:20:16,470 --> 00:20:19,270
Then I think we need to do\n something similar in
412
00:20:19,270 --> 00:20:21,270
the west part of the churchyard\n just here.
413
00:20:21,270 --> 00:20:22,470
Now a few years ago...
414
00:20:22,470 --> 00:20:24,670
That's where you can\n see that wall in the path?
415
00:20:24,670 --> 00:20:27,510
Yeah, a few years ago I cleaned up\n a bit of wall there and there's
416
00:20:27,510 --> 00:20:30,870
definitely something there but I\n didn't get much of a look at it.
417
00:20:30,870 --> 00:20:33,670
Is that a big building\n range as Artis depicts it?
418
00:20:33,670 --> 00:20:35,590
So Phil's on the move.
419
00:20:35,590 --> 00:20:39,830
To this spot, just north of the\nchurch,
420
00:20:39,830 --> 00:20:43,190
to help Jackie dig a new trench in\nthe graveyard.
421
00:20:45,070 --> 00:20:47,750
And Raksha's opening\na trench as well,
422
00:20:47,750 --> 00:20:49,950
in the area that Ben's interested in.
423
00:20:52,310 --> 00:20:56,310
But why, though, might the Roman's\nhave chosen this corner of Britain
424
00:20:56,310 --> 00:20:58,430
to build a Praetorium?
425
00:20:58,430 --> 00:21:01,430
From everything we know about this\n site, it seems to have been in use
426
00:21:01,430 --> 00:21:03,870
in the 2nd, 3rd and\n 4th centuries AD,
427
00:21:03,870 --> 00:21:06,790
what else was going on\n around here at that time?
428
00:21:06,790 --> 00:21:09,950
An awful lot, it's a very important\n place in Roman Britain.
429
00:21:09,950 --> 00:21:10,230
Is it?
430
00:21:10,230 --> 00:21:11,990
Oh, yeah, definitely.
431
00:21:11,990 --> 00:21:15,430
The local Roman town, Durobrivae,\n about a kilometre from here,
432
00:21:15,430 --> 00:21:18,630
is immensely important, it's\n 44 acres within the walled area,
433
00:21:18,630 --> 00:21:24,790
but the significance of\n Durobrivae is it has 400 acres\n of suburbs with it.
434
00:21:24,790 --> 00:21:30,630
Castor was right on the edge of\nDurobrivae's vast industrial suburbs,
435
00:21:30,630 --> 00:21:33,510
an area the size of Roman London.
436
00:21:33,510 --> 00:21:36,670
And here we're very close to\n Ermine Street, aren't we?
437
00:21:36,670 --> 00:21:40,070
That very important north/south\n roadway that's become the A1.
438
00:21:40,070 --> 00:21:42,590
It's along that route that some\n significant characters
439
00:21:42,590 --> 00:21:46,590
of Roman Britain would have passed,\n people like Hadrian and Constantine,
440
00:21:46,590 --> 00:21:49,590
and Hadrian's particularly\n important because of the Fenland.
441
00:21:49,590 --> 00:21:54,110
Hadrian was very keen on draining\n places and we think that he actually
442
00:21:54,110 --> 00:21:58,390
oversaw the improvement of the Fens,\n the drainage of parts of the Fens,
443
00:21:58,390 --> 00:22:01,270
or at least works to make it\n economically productive.
444
00:22:01,270 --> 00:22:03,630
So he might have actually come here?
445
00:22:03,630 --> 00:22:05,310
Yes. Sure, sure, oh, absolutely.
446
00:22:05,310 --> 00:22:08,230
This is not somewhere\n insignificant or tucked away.
447
00:22:08,230 --> 00:22:11,070
This is somewhere at\n the hub of Roman Britain.
448
00:22:13,030 --> 00:22:18,030
By the 3rd century, Castor\nwas perfectly placed with Durobrivae
449
00:22:18,030 --> 00:22:22,670
on one side and the imperial\nFenland estates on the other.
450
00:22:22,670 --> 00:22:26,310
It may have become the centre\nof an economic boom area
451
00:22:26,310 --> 00:22:31,310
and that could be the reason\nwhy a Praetorium was built here.
452
00:22:31,310 --> 00:22:34,870
Since yesterday evening we have\nbeen using this word Praetorium,
453
00:22:34,870 --> 00:22:38,510
but quite honestly I still\nhave no idea what it means.
454
00:22:38,510 --> 00:22:42,750
Well, in a sense, Tony, we're\n lumbered by what Artis or how Artis
455
00:22:42,750 --> 00:22:46,390
used the term Praetorium,\n and if we look at his book,
456
00:22:46,390 --> 00:22:50,710
he shows, for example,\n all the villas that he excavated,
457
00:22:50,710 --> 00:22:55,590
the ones here and here and here,\n as comparatively small structures.
458
00:22:55,590 --> 00:22:58,950
But look at the size\n of that structure which is
459
00:22:58,950 --> 00:23:03,030
the Praetorium, this building,\n it's much, much bigger.
460
00:23:03,030 --> 00:23:06,230
So is he just using it\nto mean a big building?
461
00:23:06,230 --> 00:23:08,310
That's exactly right,\n he's simply saying this is
462
00:23:08,310 --> 00:23:10,990
a walloping big building\n that I don't understand,
463
00:23:10,990 --> 00:23:12,670
but it's clearly significant and
464
00:23:12,670 --> 00:23:15,670
probably more significant\n than the surrounding villas.
465
00:23:15,670 --> 00:23:19,390
But there are things called\nPraetoria around the Roman Empire?
466
00:23:19,390 --> 00:23:21,590
Yes, they are normally associated\n with
467
00:23:21,590 --> 00:23:25,230
the residences of state officials\n or even military officials.
468
00:23:25,230 --> 00:23:28,670
The truth is, though, we still\nhaven't a clue what's here, have we?
469
00:23:28,670 --> 00:23:31,870
We reluctantly have to admit that's\n the case. We know we've got
470
00:23:31,870 --> 00:23:35,990
something very big, we know it's\n surrounded by other Roman buildings
471
00:23:35,990 --> 00:23:39,790
but, I suppose a bit like Artis,\n we're still struggling to put it
472
00:23:39,790 --> 00:23:42,870
in a sort of context, a framework -\n what did it do?
473
00:23:42,870 --> 00:23:46,070
We're still looking for clues,\n still looking for clues.
474
00:23:46,070 --> 00:23:48,350
Meanwhile, down in the school\nfield...
475
00:23:48,350 --> 00:23:50,030
What measurement do we have?
476
00:23:50,030 --> 00:23:53,630
..Stewart has mysteriously\nchanged into period costume.
477
00:23:53,630 --> 00:23:55,670
6 metres 60.
478
00:23:55,670 --> 00:23:57,590
Stewart, you look magnificent.
479
00:23:57,590 --> 00:24:00,830
Look at this, look,\nthe Colin Firth of Time Team.
480
00:24:00,830 --> 00:24:03,390
What exactly is it that you're doing?
481
00:24:03,390 --> 00:24:06,830
What we're trying to do is get\n back into the mindset of Artis
482
00:24:06,830 --> 00:24:09,710
when he mapped this site\n in the early 19th century.
483
00:24:09,710 --> 00:24:11,590
So you are our Artis?
484
00:24:11,590 --> 00:24:15,390
That's me, absolutely, and what I'm\n going to do is to get myself back
485
00:24:15,390 --> 00:24:19,230
into his mindset and the problems he\n would have had linking all together
486
00:24:19,230 --> 00:24:23,510
all these bits of Roman finds\n and trenches into an existing map.
487
00:24:23,510 --> 00:24:26,950
I'm trying to do exactly the same\n with a modern day existing map,
488
00:24:26,950 --> 00:24:30,390
but using the equipment\n that he would have had available,
489
00:24:30,390 --> 00:24:33,510
something like a plain table,\n a site rule, probably his magnifying
490
00:24:33,510 --> 00:24:37,550
glass, his eyesight going a bit,\n and various bits of that sort of
491
00:24:37,550 --> 00:24:40,470
surveying equipment to see how easy
492
00:24:40,470 --> 00:24:44,350
or how difficult, or what problems\n he would have encountered doing it.
493
00:24:44,350 --> 00:24:48,030
But you're not on your own,\nare you, hang on a minute.
494
00:24:48,030 --> 00:24:51,630
Here he is, Matt,\nyour long suffering servant.
495
00:24:51,630 --> 00:24:52,590
Sir.
496
00:24:52,590 --> 00:24:56,230
A part which I empathise somewhat,\nwhat are you going to be?
497
00:24:56,230 --> 00:24:58,190
All the measuring was done\n with these chains.
498
00:24:58,190 --> 00:25:01,110
We'd use these to measure across\n the field and there was lots
499
00:25:01,110 --> 00:25:03,030
of running around across the bogs,
500
00:25:03,030 --> 00:25:05,510
so basically doing whatever\n Stewart tells me to do.
501
00:25:05,510 --> 00:25:08,790
He's officially my chainman,\n that is the term for his role.
502
00:25:08,790 --> 00:25:11,550
He's going to swan around and\nyou're doing all the hard work.
503
00:25:11,550 --> 00:25:13,950
I'll be legging it around\n the fields.
504
00:25:13,950 --> 00:25:18,910
As Stewart and Matt go\nto work antiquarian style...
505
00:25:18,910 --> 00:25:21,270
Um, another corner, please.
506
00:25:21,270 --> 00:25:23,070
Hello, Phil, how's it going?
507
00:25:23,070 --> 00:25:27,110
..Phil and Jackie are searching for\na structure with a mosaic floor
508
00:25:27,110 --> 00:25:30,670
that Artis claimed was\nunder the graveyard.
509
00:25:30,670 --> 00:25:34,110
We do actually have\n a piece of the floor itself.
510
00:25:34,110 --> 00:25:38,390
If you turn that over, you can see\n that that is actually made of
511
00:25:38,390 --> 00:25:43,590
one, two, three, four,\n five individual tesserae,\n all mortared together,
512
00:25:43,590 --> 00:25:46,470
that's the surface that\n they would have walked on.
513
00:25:46,470 --> 00:25:47,630
Looks a nice piece.
514
00:25:47,630 --> 00:25:51,430
But we've also got the walls\n as well, because we've got...
515
00:25:51,430 --> 00:25:51,950
Is this plaster?
516
00:25:51,950 --> 00:25:53,710
Wall plaster.
517
00:25:54,230 --> 00:25:58,230
In red, and a sort of grey\n green as well, look.
518
00:25:58,230 --> 00:26:01,830
So, with a bit of luck, if we carry\n on down, we should get the floor,
519
00:26:01,830 --> 00:26:04,630
and maybe the walls,\n without disturbing the graves.
520
00:26:04,630 --> 00:26:06,430
Without disturbing the graves,
521
00:26:06,430 --> 00:26:08,430
that'll be a great relief\n to all of us.
522
00:26:09,350 --> 00:26:12,630
With over 20,000 burials\nin this churchyard,
523
00:26:12,630 --> 00:26:17,910
it's not going to be easy finding\nany evidence for our Praetorium.
524
00:26:17,910 --> 00:26:20,150
But in the Rectory garden trench,
525
00:26:20,150 --> 00:26:24,190
which Faye's now taken over from\nMatt, we may be on to something.
526
00:26:24,190 --> 00:26:26,550
What have you actually got\ngoing on over there, Tim?
527
00:26:26,550 --> 00:26:29,590
I seem to have this surface,\n it's got a few tesserae in it,
528
00:26:29,590 --> 00:26:31,750
but it's very pebbly and not very\n good.
529
00:26:31,750 --> 00:26:33,430
But you've got archaeology.
530
00:26:33,430 --> 00:26:36,150
Oh, yes, definitely,\n definitely archaeology.
531
00:26:36,150 --> 00:26:37,790
Where I am I've got nothing,
532
00:26:37,790 --> 00:26:41,030
I've got a big rectangular hole\nwith no archaeology in it,
533
00:26:41,030 --> 00:26:43,430
and my only explanation for that\ncan be is that this is
534
00:26:43,430 --> 00:26:45,110
where Artis shoved his trench.
535
00:26:45,110 --> 00:26:47,750
And he basically took\neverything away with him.
536
00:26:47,750 --> 00:26:51,470
Therefore that's why we've got\nthis line along here which I think
537
00:26:51,470 --> 00:26:53,790
is a rubbed out wall.
538
00:26:53,790 --> 00:26:57,430
I need to find the depth for this\ncos I'm hoping that he may have left
539
00:26:57,430 --> 00:27:01,030
something at the bottom\nlike a hypocaust system or something.
540
00:27:01,030 --> 00:27:01,710
That would be good.
541
00:27:01,710 --> 00:27:04,950
I think there's a fair\nbit more to do.
542
00:27:04,950 --> 00:27:09,310
So some good news. Faye's trench\nmay have a Roman structure,
543
00:27:09,310 --> 00:27:13,470
but there's still no sign of these\nmassive walls we're hoping for.
544
00:27:19,230 --> 00:27:22,270
Everywhere on this site\nwe seem to be following in
545
00:27:22,270 --> 00:27:27,710
the footsteps of this chap Artis,\nsome of us quite literally.
546
00:27:27,710 --> 00:27:30,550
I need some measurements\n from this line now
547
00:27:30,550 --> 00:27:32,190
so I can put them on the drawing.
548
00:27:32,190 --> 00:27:34,390
Oops, excuse me, excuse me,\n I beg your pardon.
549
00:27:34,390 --> 00:27:37,350
In your own time, Matthew.
550
00:27:37,350 --> 00:27:38,710
I think the peg's come out.
551
00:27:38,710 --> 00:27:40,230
Who put the peg in, Matthew?
552
00:27:40,230 --> 00:27:41,630
Sorry, sir, won't happen again.
553
00:27:41,630 --> 00:27:43,430
That's your wages docked.
554
00:27:43,430 --> 00:27:45,030
Yes, Mr Ainsworth.
555
00:27:45,030 --> 00:27:47,590
Right, it's the Rectory\n garden next, Matthew.
556
00:27:47,590 --> 00:27:48,910
Anything you say, Mr Ainsworth.
557
00:27:52,790 --> 00:27:55,670
Down at Tracey's trench,\nwe're working in an area
558
00:27:55,670 --> 00:28:00,590
where Artis drew this illustration\nof his Roman bath house excavation.
559
00:28:00,590 --> 00:28:03,070
So how have you got on then, Tracey?
560
00:28:03,070 --> 00:28:04,670
Well, we're getting there.
561
00:28:04,670 --> 00:28:07,150
You've got walls showing now\n which you didn't have before.
562
00:28:07,150 --> 00:28:10,030
That's lovely, we've got\nherringbone wall there
563
00:28:10,030 --> 00:28:13,550
forming one side and another one on\nthis side and it's forming a channel
564
00:28:13,550 --> 00:28:15,230
running up here to the remnants
565
00:28:15,230 --> 00:28:18,030
of this larger wall, this\nhas been rubbed off, obviously.
566
00:28:18,030 --> 00:28:20,830
That all ties in nicely\n with bath houses, doesn't it?
567
00:28:20,830 --> 00:28:21,990
It does.
568
00:28:21,990 --> 00:28:24,830
It doesn't quite look like\n Artis's drawing, does it?
569
00:28:24,830 --> 00:28:28,070
There's a lot more\n stonework and stuff there.
570
00:28:28,070 --> 00:28:30,270
I think the problem is we don't know
571
00:28:30,270 --> 00:28:33,750
how long this was open after Artis\nexcavated it out.
572
00:28:33,750 --> 00:28:35,990
So you think people came\n along and nicked it, basically.
573
00:28:35,990 --> 00:28:36,790
Local houses, yeah.
574
00:28:36,790 --> 00:28:37,870
Yeah, yeah.
575
00:28:37,870 --> 00:28:41,710
It probably didn't look like that\n when Artis discovered it anyway.
576
00:28:41,710 --> 00:28:46,750
I doubt very much all the walls were\n this uniform height, for example.
577
00:28:46,750 --> 00:28:49,470
All the Pillae again\n were this uniform height.
578
00:28:49,470 --> 00:28:52,590
I think he got large chunks\n of this and has just
579
00:28:52,590 --> 00:28:56,230
helped us to sort of visualise the\n whole.
580
00:28:56,230 --> 00:28:59,750
I think it there's a slight amount\n of embellishment going on here.
581
00:28:59,750 --> 00:29:03,350
So, we've got a sizable bath house,\nbut we don't yet know
582
00:29:03,350 --> 00:29:07,830
the relationship between it\nand what's up behind the church.
583
00:29:07,830 --> 00:29:10,990
Back in the graveyard,\nPhil and Jackie are
584
00:29:10,990 --> 00:29:15,470
up against the clock, digging\ncarefully around lots of human bones.
585
00:29:15,470 --> 00:29:18,270
They've now only a few hours left
586
00:29:18,270 --> 00:29:23,150
to get down to the floor of a\npotentially massive Roman structure.
587
00:29:23,150 --> 00:29:26,470
We're definitely on\n the site of a building but
588
00:29:26,470 --> 00:29:30,790
of course what we're encountering as\n we go down is lots of human remains.
589
00:29:30,790 --> 00:29:32,870
Are these individual\nburials or are they
590
00:29:32,870 --> 00:29:34,550
lots of bones on top of each other?
591
00:29:34,550 --> 00:29:37,910
Well, we've had a lot of loose\n bones spread about, turning up
592
00:29:37,910 --> 00:29:40,670
all the way across here,\n but the difference here is you
593
00:29:40,670 --> 00:29:45,430
can see we've got about five skulls\n all dumped in together in one place.
594
00:29:45,430 --> 00:29:48,590
Could that be a gravedigger\nwho's cleared earlier graves,
595
00:29:48,590 --> 00:29:51,710
dug a pit, chucked these in\nso that more people can be buried?
596
00:29:51,710 --> 00:29:54,390
Yeah, basically it looks\n like a charnel pit.
597
00:29:54,390 --> 00:29:58,030
But we do have a problem that we've\ngot lots of bones
598
00:29:58,030 --> 00:30:02,910
and lots of smashed mosaic,\nbut no structures whatsoever?
599
00:30:02,910 --> 00:30:05,990
What we can be certain\n of is that in places,
600
00:30:05,990 --> 00:30:08,830
the gravediggers have been through\n the Roman floor,
601
00:30:08,830 --> 00:30:11,470
otherwise we wouldn't have\n this sort of material.
602
00:30:11,470 --> 00:30:15,230
What we've got to hope is that\n they didn't destroy all and
603
00:30:15,230 --> 00:30:17,550
that they've left some of it for us.
604
00:30:17,550 --> 00:30:18,630
And that means digging deeper.
605
00:30:18,630 --> 00:30:20,110
That means digging deeper.
606
00:30:21,270 --> 00:30:24,270
Thankfully Raksha's trench at the\nwestern end of the graveyard
607
00:30:24,270 --> 00:30:27,150
looks to have got something more\nsubstantial.
608
00:30:27,150 --> 00:30:28,790
Hello. How's it going?
609
00:30:28,790 --> 00:30:31,070
It's going very well, actually.
610
00:30:31,070 --> 00:30:33,790
Put this trench in here\n to find what we thought
611
00:30:33,790 --> 00:30:35,990
was a wall coming through there.
612
00:30:35,990 --> 00:30:38,430
And lo and behold we have a huge\n wall.
613
00:30:38,430 --> 00:30:41,950
That was actually poking out of\n the ground before you started.
614
00:30:41,950 --> 00:30:45,230
We knew that was there but I didn't\n realise how massive it actually is.
615
00:30:45,230 --> 00:30:47,390
So we've got one wall here,
616
00:30:47,390 --> 00:30:51,710
which is running in that direction,\n and then where John is
617
00:30:51,710 --> 00:30:56,150
we have the return and\n that's running in this direction,
618
00:30:56,150 --> 00:31:00,630
so they should actually come out\n and converge around about here.
619
00:31:00,630 --> 00:31:04,270
It's amazing, this is the first time\n we have seen anything like
620
00:31:04,270 --> 00:31:07,670
the kind of monumental walls\n that Edmund Artis saw.
621
00:31:07,670 --> 00:31:10,870
Yes, this is the only trench\n where we actually have huge walls.
622
00:31:10,870 --> 00:31:12,270
Hm, hm.
623
00:31:12,270 --> 00:31:13,990
And it's our failure
624
00:31:13,990 --> 00:31:18,470
so far to find other big walls,\nthat's becoming a major concern.
625
00:31:18,470 --> 00:31:22,190
For all the wonderful Roman\nbuildings Artis said were here,
626
00:31:22,190 --> 00:31:24,190
we haven't actually found much yet.
627
00:31:24,190 --> 00:31:26,070
Matt, this is\na turn up for the books.
628
00:31:26,070 --> 00:31:29,390
We usually put you through about 24\nhours of hell in these re-enactments
629
00:31:29,390 --> 00:31:32,110
but it's only been three and\nyou're practically finished.
630
00:31:32,110 --> 00:31:35,550
Once we got a system going, rolling\n out the chains and back again,
631
00:31:35,550 --> 00:31:37,550
it really didn't\n take very long at all.
632
00:31:37,550 --> 00:31:39,030
And what have you found out?
633
00:31:39,030 --> 00:31:43,270
Well, we've got one, two,\n three, four, five trenches open,
634
00:31:43,270 --> 00:31:47,630
and got some bits of wall line\n exposed where the roads cut through.
635
00:31:47,630 --> 00:31:51,590
What we've found out is that we\n haven't got very many walls at all.
636
00:31:51,590 --> 00:31:55,750
And if you look at what we\n actually know about this site from
637
00:31:55,750 --> 00:31:59,310
modern methods, these excavations\n in the '70's and so on,
638
00:31:59,310 --> 00:32:04,390
these are the only bits in black\n where bits of wall have been found.
639
00:32:04,390 --> 00:32:07,350
So how do you join\n all of those together?
640
00:32:07,350 --> 00:32:09,270
It's actually extremely difficult.
641
00:32:09,270 --> 00:32:11,150
We're having to rely an awful lot
642
00:32:11,150 --> 00:32:14,230
on what Artis put on his plans\n and what he drew.
643
00:32:14,230 --> 00:32:17,270
I imagine that very soon\nwe would be able to paint this
644
00:32:17,270 --> 00:32:21,870
incredibly large Roman building\njust behind us,
645
00:32:21,870 --> 00:32:25,630
but I'm starting to have my doubts,\nbeginning to disappear.
646
00:32:25,630 --> 00:32:28,990
The trouble is, on our\nPraetorium diagram
647
00:32:28,990 --> 00:32:31,270
we're only certain of the black\nbits.
648
00:32:31,270 --> 00:32:35,390
All the other colours depend on\nour antiquarian's observations.
649
00:32:35,390 --> 00:32:39,790
So, how reliable\ndo we now think he is?
650
00:32:39,790 --> 00:32:42,030
One very interesting thing\n to point out here with this
651
00:32:42,030 --> 00:32:44,190
wall-lined artefact, it's completely
652
00:32:44,190 --> 00:32:47,190
in different orientation\n to everything else, which
653
00:32:47,190 --> 00:32:51,190
raises a doubt about the orientation\n of some of this theoretical stuff.
654
00:32:51,190 --> 00:32:52,990
Have these lines been looked at?
655
00:32:52,990 --> 00:32:55,230
John and his team have done\n some Geophys and radar
656
00:32:55,230 --> 00:32:57,590
in all this area in here and\n there's no other
657
00:32:57,590 --> 00:33:00,190
additional big wall lines to add\n to that.
658
00:33:00,190 --> 00:33:04,110
Yeah, I can be extremely sceptical\nabout the work of antiquarians,
659
00:33:04,110 --> 00:33:06,750
it's not always what\nit's cracked up to be.
660
00:33:06,750 --> 00:33:08,830
I don't think that's fair in the\n case of Artis,
661
00:33:08,830 --> 00:33:10,590
I will defend him to the hilt.
662
00:33:10,590 --> 00:33:13,830
In some places, I mean, he's\n a fantastic draughtsman,
663
00:33:13,830 --> 00:33:17,510
his plans are, in some cases, backed\n up by beautiful general views and
664
00:33:17,510 --> 00:33:21,070
the details of where the walls go\n always match the relevant plan,
665
00:33:21,070 --> 00:33:24,350
especially as these red\n Artis walls have often been
666
00:33:24,350 --> 00:33:26,790
confirmed by more modern excavation.\n These are OK.
667
00:33:26,790 --> 00:33:29,630
I'd endorse that as well,\n having mapped the village
668
00:33:29,630 --> 00:33:32,990
and where he shows them on here\n and the similar techniques, and
669
00:33:32,990 --> 00:33:35,790
he's come up with similar answers\n in where he's positioned them.
670
00:33:35,790 --> 00:33:37,030
He's a good surveyor.
671
00:33:37,030 --> 00:33:39,190
And we've got it down in\n the bath house at the bottom,
672
00:33:39,190 --> 00:33:42,510
we've got his plan and we're\n beginning to find the walls.
673
00:33:42,510 --> 00:33:44,870
All right, say this red stuff\nis right, Ben,
674
00:33:44,870 --> 00:33:46,870
but there's still a lot of other\ncolours here.
675
00:33:46,870 --> 00:33:50,750
I saw a wall fragment here as well\n and it was only part of a wall
676
00:33:50,750 --> 00:33:52,550
but it was a whacking great wall
677
00:33:52,550 --> 00:33:56,030
and the Romans didn't build bits of\n whacking great walls for no reason.
678
00:33:56,030 --> 00:33:58,790
This substantial wall must be\n part of the bigger building.
679
00:33:58,790 --> 00:34:02,950
So on one hand we've got this\nmega building, which should be
680
00:34:02,950 --> 00:34:07,030
casting its long shadow over us\nright now, and on the other hand,
681
00:34:07,030 --> 00:34:12,590
as far things that we can actually\n100% guarantee, we've got that.
682
00:34:12,590 --> 00:34:14,790
And we've got just one day left.
683
00:34:14,790 --> 00:34:18,040
Got some work tomorrow, guys.
684
00:34:18,040 --> 00:34:21,480
Beginning of our final day here at\n Castor in Cambridgeshire,
685
00:34:21,480 --> 00:34:23,480
and we've just\n had some fantastic news.
686
00:34:23,480 --> 00:34:27,680
The diocese have given us permission\n to dig in the graveyard down there
687
00:34:27,680 --> 00:34:29,960
for one final day.
688
00:34:29,960 --> 00:34:33,680
Although, whether we'll find our\n big Roman building, the praetorium,
689
00:34:33,680 --> 00:34:35,640
is a huge question.
690
00:34:38,160 --> 00:34:40,720
So we're spreading our bets today.
691
00:34:40,720 --> 00:34:44,600
In the old rectory garden, where\n we're looking for what could be the
692
00:34:44,600 --> 00:34:49,880
east wing of our praetorium,\n we now have two trenches.
693
00:34:51,560 --> 00:34:55,120
But our main hopes lie with\n these trenches in the graveyard.
694
00:34:55,120 --> 00:35:00,840
Raksha's at the western edge\n and Phil's just north of the church.
695
00:35:04,040 --> 00:35:06,080
Beneath these bones we're trying
696
00:35:06,080 --> 00:35:11,800
to find this Roman structure, marked\n as F on the plan that Artis drew.
697
00:35:11,800 --> 00:35:17,000
It's here that he said he found\n a brightly coloured mosaic floor.
698
00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:19,160
Phil, you know how I said
699
00:35:19,160 --> 00:35:24,040
I was getting a lot more building\n material and big blocks of tesserae?
700
00:35:24,040 --> 00:35:26,160
Now I'm getting lots of pea grit,
701
00:35:26,160 --> 00:35:30,800
which is this fine grit,\n and look what it's coming down onto.
702
00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:32,080
Oh, good lord.
703
00:35:32,080 --> 00:35:34,440
Well, that looks like a floor.
704
00:35:34,440 --> 00:35:37,560
It looks very like a floor,\n and this is an in situ burial.
705
00:35:37,560 --> 00:35:40,560
That's lying directly on top of it,\n by the look of it.
706
00:35:40,560 --> 00:35:43,440
Oh, that is good stuff\nand I'll tell you what...
707
00:35:43,440 --> 00:35:46,360
Blimey. We could be just inches away
708
00:35:46,360 --> 00:35:50,840
from finally getting\n evidence of a big Roman structure
709
00:35:50,840 --> 00:35:56,360
and, crucially, it's slap bang in\n the middle of our praetorium plan.
710
00:35:58,160 --> 00:36:02,360
Back in the old rectory garden,\n Faye's getting really stuck in
711
00:36:02,360 --> 00:36:06,760
and the sweat and graft\n is starting to pay off.
712
00:36:06,760 --> 00:36:11,440
Hi, there, Faye. Cor, this looks\na bit different to yesterday.\nYou're well down.
713
00:36:11,440 --> 00:36:15,520
I am, but fantastically we've got\n a huge great big section of wall.
714
00:36:15,520 --> 00:36:16,160
It's a big Roman wall, isn't it?
715
00:36:16,160 --> 00:36:17,640
Without a shadow of a doubt.
716
00:36:17,640 --> 00:36:21,400
And we were worried yesterday about\nthe relative heights of all this.
717
00:36:21,400 --> 00:36:25,600
There's a surface\nvery much higher than the Roman wall.
718
00:36:25,600 --> 00:36:28,720
You can see where Artis put his\n trench, which is basically this
719
00:36:28,720 --> 00:36:31,760
line down in this section here.
720
00:36:31,760 --> 00:36:35,000
I actually think that level\n there is where he was standing.
721
00:36:35,000 --> 00:36:35,600
Really?
722
00:36:35,600 --> 00:36:37,080
Yeah, which is why it's so compact.
723
00:36:37,080 --> 00:36:39,840
With footprints. What size\nboots did he have? Come on, come on.
724
00:36:39,840 --> 00:36:42,720
You're so demanding! I haven't\n got any footprints in there.
725
00:36:42,720 --> 00:36:45,400
This is a wonderfully\ncomplex trench, isn't it?
726
00:36:45,400 --> 00:36:47,480
We can see where Artis was digging
727
00:36:47,480 --> 00:36:50,560
for the first time and try and\nunderstand how he unpicked the site
728
00:36:50,560 --> 00:36:53,760
and how he saw it, basically. So this\nis actually a fascinating trench.
729
00:36:53,760 --> 00:36:57,520
And it's also a very\n significant chunk of walling
730
00:36:57,520 --> 00:37:02,880
on the eastern side of what we think\n is one single enormous building.
731
00:37:02,880 --> 00:37:07,600
Faye's discovery of this massive\n Roman wall, previously dug by Artis,
732
00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:09,720
is a really good sign.
733
00:37:09,720 --> 00:37:13,320
Maybe we can rely on our\n antiquarian after all.
734
00:37:13,320 --> 00:37:16,120
Meanwhile, there's breaking news\n from the graveyard.
735
00:37:16,120 --> 00:37:20,360
We spent the last 36 hours poking\n around in this graveyard, trying
736
00:37:20,360 --> 00:37:23,600
to get permissions to dig it,\n getting permissions to dig it,
737
00:37:23,600 --> 00:37:27,680
then finding nothing but Roman\n rubble and a tumble of old bones,
738
00:37:27,680 --> 00:37:31,160
but at last, Phil, we've got\n something exciting, haven't we?
739
00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:33,760
We have got Artis's floor.
740
00:37:33,760 --> 00:37:35,480
Look, if you look down between that
741
00:37:35,480 --> 00:37:40,000
pair of legs you can see a\nmosaic floor actually in situ.
742
00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:41,160
You're smiling, William.
743
00:37:41,160 --> 00:37:44,320
I'm really excited about this.\n If Artis is right about this,
744
00:37:44,320 --> 00:37:46,400
he might be right\n about the praetorium.
745
00:37:46,400 --> 00:37:49,960
Yesterday I think you were a little\n bit disappointed with the attitude
746
00:37:49,960 --> 00:37:53,480
of some of our archaeologists who\n were slightly rubbishing the idea.
747
00:37:53,480 --> 00:37:55,440
Praetorium means a lot to a parson.
748
00:37:55,440 --> 00:37:57,520
I've got my Greek New Testament\n here. The word is used.
749
00:37:57,520 --> 00:37:58,920
Show me.
750
00:38:01,240 --> 00:38:06,320
Here we are. "They took\n Jesus from the house of Carthus\n esto praetorium, to the praetorium."
751
00:38:06,320 --> 00:38:08,600
In Artis's day he would have\n heard the word praetorium
752
00:38:08,600 --> 00:38:12,560
when he went to church because\n that was the word used to describe
753
00:38:12,560 --> 00:38:15,640
where Jesus was arraigned\n in front of Pontius Pilate.
754
00:38:15,640 --> 00:38:17,440
So he was tried in the praetorium.
755
00:38:17,440 --> 00:38:20,960
I was going to say this is so\nimportant to what we're trying to do.
756
00:38:20,960 --> 00:38:22,560
We've now got the floor.
757
00:38:22,560 --> 00:38:27,120
You can actually begin to see some\nsort of an alignment on the tesserae.
758
00:38:27,120 --> 00:38:31,280
We might be able to say exactly what\nthe alignment of that building was.
759
00:38:31,280 --> 00:38:34,440
But it tells us more than just\n the alignment, doesn't it, William?
760
00:38:34,440 --> 00:38:37,240
The scale of the thing,\n which he insisted was a praetorium.
761
00:38:37,240 --> 00:38:40,120
A big, official,\n palatial type of building.
762
00:38:40,120 --> 00:38:44,640
Finally our efforts in the\n graveyard are being rewarded.
763
00:38:44,640 --> 00:38:46,760
If you take off\n the more conjectural parts...
764
00:38:46,760 --> 00:38:51,000
And the work of mapping our site\n is nearly done too.
765
00:38:51,000 --> 00:38:54,480
Everything we've looked at so far\nhas been on a flat plan, hasn't it?
766
00:38:54,480 --> 00:38:57,720
I can see here you've had a new\ndimension. What are you trying to do?
767
00:38:57,720 --> 00:38:58,960
Well, what I thought...
768
00:38:58,960 --> 00:39:01,280
Henry's 3D map of our praetorium
769
00:39:01,280 --> 00:39:07,120
is still partly based\n on conjecture, but there's one\n feature that stands out.
770
00:39:07,120 --> 00:39:10,120
We're on the edge of a\nvalley slope here, aren't we?
771
00:39:10,120 --> 00:39:13,320
The buildings and structures\nare on the skyline up there
772
00:39:13,320 --> 00:39:16,840
and the bath house is down on the\nlower slopes towards the river below.
773
00:39:16,840 --> 00:39:17,840
That's it.
774
00:39:17,840 --> 00:39:21,480
If you were\napproaching the site from down here,
775
00:39:21,480 --> 00:39:24,560
then whatever was up on the hill,\nwhether it be one big structure
776
00:39:24,560 --> 00:39:27,080
or lots of other structures,\nit's actually on the skyline.
777
00:39:27,080 --> 00:39:28,560
It would actually be quite\nimpressive, wouldn't it?
778
00:39:28,560 --> 00:39:31,320
Whatever's up there would\n be really visually stunning.
779
00:39:31,320 --> 00:39:35,320
Back outside\n in our other graveyard trench,
780
00:39:35,320 --> 00:39:37,600
Raksha's found something stunning\n as well.
781
00:39:37,600 --> 00:39:40,360
Raksha, this is awesome.
782
00:39:40,360 --> 00:39:42,200
I love this, this is fantastic.
783
00:39:42,200 --> 00:39:45,800
It looks a lot different\n than it did yesterday.
784
00:39:45,800 --> 00:39:47,120
It's a lot different.
785
00:39:47,120 --> 00:39:52,200
Raksha's revealed a huge section\n of wall and a step foundation.
786
00:39:52,200 --> 00:39:57,120
The classic herringbone style\n shows that this is definitely Roman.
787
00:39:57,120 --> 00:39:59,280
People were a bit\nsceptical yesterday.
788
00:39:59,280 --> 00:40:00,920
I talked about finding this
789
00:40:00,920 --> 00:40:06,480
big herringbone wall and I suspect\nthat people didn't quite believe me.
790
00:40:06,480 --> 00:40:10,320
We did kind of think that you were\n going slightly crazy yesterday!
791
00:40:10,320 --> 00:40:13,680
But just to prove\n you were right as always,
792
00:40:13,680 --> 00:40:16,480
we carried on down and,\n lo and behold, here it is.
793
00:40:16,480 --> 00:40:20,160
As you can see, there's this\n huge wall coming through.
794
00:40:20,160 --> 00:40:22,600
We have this step foundation.
795
00:40:22,600 --> 00:40:27,360
What does this tell us about the\n significance of the whole building?
796
00:40:27,360 --> 00:40:29,400
Well, this looks remarkably similar
797
00:40:29,400 --> 00:40:33,800
to what was found on the other\nside of the church in the '50s.
798
00:40:33,800 --> 00:40:35,600
I've seen photographs of that.
799
00:40:35,600 --> 00:40:39,480
It's on a similar line and he\nfound step foundations like this.
800
00:40:39,480 --> 00:40:43,600
This is a photo of those step\n foundations excavated at Castor
801
00:40:43,600 --> 00:40:45,560
in the 1950s.
802
00:40:45,560 --> 00:40:48,480
They're more than 100\n metres away from our trench,
803
00:40:48,480 --> 00:40:52,400
but they're virtually identical\n to those found by Raksha.
804
00:40:52,400 --> 00:40:55,360
I think we're looking at\nsomething that was constructed
805
00:40:55,360 --> 00:40:57,240
at the same time, basically.
806
00:40:57,240 --> 00:41:01,480
And probably the same building,\n one large building rather than\n several separate buildings.
807
00:41:01,480 --> 00:41:04,240
Same construction techniques\non a similar sort of line.
808
00:41:04,240 --> 00:41:06,200
Matching dimensions.
809
00:41:06,200 --> 00:41:10,000
Exactly. So suddenly we've got\ntwo bits of building, both of
810
00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:16,080
which have steps and both of which we\nthink align on this slope. So again,
811
00:41:16,080 --> 00:41:17,760
that's pretty exciting stuff.
812
00:41:17,760 --> 00:41:20,680
To think we've been walking\n across the floor of a Roman building
813
00:41:20,680 --> 00:41:23,360
that's been here for nearly\n 2,000 years is just astonishing.
814
00:41:23,360 --> 00:41:24,960
And as the last few hours
815
00:41:24,960 --> 00:41:29,560
of our dig at Castor tick by, the\n news just gets better and better.
816
00:41:29,560 --> 00:41:32,480
So what's the story of\n this trench, then, Faye?
817
00:41:32,480 --> 00:41:35,760
Basically we have a Roman building\n and actually down there we've got
818
00:41:35,760 --> 00:41:39,040
a room with what looks\n like a hypocaust system.
819
00:41:39,040 --> 00:41:41,520
So is this stuff that Artis\n found that we've confirmed?
820
00:41:41,520 --> 00:41:46,240
Well, Artis did map on some walls\n and he did suggest there was a\n hypocaust system there,
821
00:41:46,240 --> 00:41:50,720
but the location of the walls\n and the size of the walls aren't\n entirely right.
822
00:41:50,720 --> 00:41:52,680
Right, so this is new, in fact?
823
00:41:52,680 --> 00:41:57,560
Yeah, it is. And what's also new\n is we've got that higher level\n up there.
824
00:41:57,560 --> 00:41:59,240
We've actually got\n a two level building.
825
00:41:59,240 --> 00:42:00,640
So what did they do,
826
00:42:00,640 --> 00:42:03,280
fill it in or cover it up and\n then build something on top?
827
00:42:03,280 --> 00:42:05,280
Or they had stairs that\n took you up to another room.
828
00:42:05,280 --> 00:42:07,720
Oh, right, right, right.
829
00:42:09,320 --> 00:42:13,440
A building on two levels makes\n sense, because the Romans
830
00:42:13,440 --> 00:42:15,480
had to factor in the slope of a hill
831
00:42:15,480 --> 00:42:21,440
here in the old rectory garden and\n on the western side of the church.
832
00:42:23,400 --> 00:42:27,560
Down at Tracey's trench to the\n south, our excavation of the
833
00:42:27,560 --> 00:42:32,480
Roman baths is coming to an end and\n the finds are telling a good story.
834
00:42:32,480 --> 00:42:34,760
Well, er, got\na selection of finds here.
835
00:42:34,760 --> 00:42:39,880
Er, this ones from Tracey's trench\nright down the south end of the site
836
00:42:39,880 --> 00:42:44,240
and this is some of the stuff that's\nbeen coming out of Faye's trench\nat the north end of the site.
837
00:42:44,240 --> 00:42:49,120
Now, the stuff from Tracey's\ntrench, I'm afraid to me looks like
838
00:42:49,120 --> 00:42:52,080
generic-issue Roman potteries.\nI think Steve's probably better...
839
00:42:52,080 --> 00:42:55,320
Well, let's turn to our real expert.
840
00:42:55,320 --> 00:42:58,840
I was gonna kick you, actually.\n That's a terrible thing to say.
841
00:42:58,840 --> 00:43:02,120
Well, there are differences Helen,\n quite marked differences, actually.
842
00:43:02,120 --> 00:43:06,800
The bulk of the material from this\n trench comes from an earlier period,
843
00:43:06,800 --> 00:43:08,760
2nd into 3rd, like this large
844
00:43:08,760 --> 00:43:13,240
sherd here and these are sherds of\n beakers, relatively local beakers.
845
00:43:13,240 --> 00:43:15,120
And it makes a real contrast
846
00:43:15,120 --> 00:43:18,320
from the southern part of the site\n to the northern part of the site,
847
00:43:18,320 --> 00:43:21,760
where you've got essentially a\n 3rd and 4th century assemblage.
848
00:43:21,760 --> 00:43:27,880
So Castor has two clear Roman\n phases, which means the baths
849
00:43:27,880 --> 00:43:29,680
at the south end of the site
850
00:43:29,680 --> 00:43:33,320
were almost certainly built at an\n earlier date than the big building
851
00:43:33,320 --> 00:43:38,120
up on the hill, where Phil's\n now finished in the graveyard.
852
00:43:38,120 --> 00:43:40,440
You gotta be pleased\n with that mosaic.
853
00:43:40,440 --> 00:43:42,240
Yeah, I reckon I am, Tony,
854
00:43:42,240 --> 00:43:45,080
but I think I'm more pleased\nabout the probable wall.
855
00:43:45,080 --> 00:43:46,200
What wall? We haven't got a wall.
856
00:43:46,200 --> 00:43:48,640
I know you can't actually\nsee the wall,
857
00:43:48,640 --> 00:43:50,240
but if you see those disarticulated
858
00:43:50,240 --> 00:43:53,520
pieces of bone down there,\nwell when I actually got down to
859
00:43:53,520 --> 00:43:57,240
the edge there, I thought to myself,\n"I wonder if it could be a wall?"
860
00:43:57,240 --> 00:44:00,880
So I thought to me self, "Ah,\nI'll get Henry to plot out
861
00:44:00,880 --> 00:44:04,840
"the position of Artis's building\non the ground from the mapping."
862
00:44:04,840 --> 00:44:07,400
So that's what he's done.\nOne corner of the building,
863
00:44:07,400 --> 00:44:10,360
probable building, is over there,\nsee our red pegs over there?
864
00:44:10,360 --> 00:44:12,200
Here?
865
00:44:12,200 --> 00:44:15,960
Yeah, that's one corner there\nand then you see those red pegs
866
00:44:15,960 --> 00:44:19,080
there between the, er, the\ntwo gravestones over there?
867
00:44:19,080 --> 00:44:20,280
Strewth, all the way over here?
868
00:44:20,280 --> 00:44:21,560
Right...
869
00:44:21,560 --> 00:44:23,520
And all this is one building?
870
00:44:23,520 --> 00:44:25,960
Now then, when you line up\nover there,
871
00:44:25,960 --> 00:44:29,040
give or take a metre,\nallowing for the scale,
872
00:44:29,040 --> 00:44:32,200
it puts the wall line\nstraight through here.
873
00:44:32,200 --> 00:44:34,680
Not only that, the alignment of
874
00:44:34,680 --> 00:44:40,160
the tesserae is just slightly skewed\nround to the alignment of the church
875
00:44:40,160 --> 00:44:44,120
and that's exactly what the tesserae\nand the plan do, exactly the same.
876
00:44:44,120 --> 00:44:47,080
So regardless of what\n might be elsewhere,
877
00:44:47,080 --> 00:44:49,040
we know that there was a massive
878
00:44:49,040 --> 00:44:52,880
construction here, so it looks as\n though Artis was right after all.
879
00:44:52,880 --> 00:44:56,240
Well, it looks like it, doesn't it\n from what we can see, yeah, yeah.
880
00:44:56,240 --> 00:45:01,000
After a roller coaster\n three days here at Castor,
881
00:45:01,000 --> 00:45:02,680
just what have we learned?
882
00:45:02,680 --> 00:45:07,320
Ben, how do you think the\n praetorium theory is holding up now?
883
00:45:07,320 --> 00:45:11,400
Pretty well. It's not a villa,\nvilla's are surrounded by farming
884
00:45:11,400 --> 00:45:14,040
estates they've got\nancillary buildings,
885
00:45:14,040 --> 00:45:17,000
they've got farm buildings, barns,\nworkers' housing,
886
00:45:17,000 --> 00:45:18,880
there's nothing like that here.
887
00:45:18,880 --> 00:45:21,320
What else is it?\nIt's a grand, grand building.
888
00:45:21,320 --> 00:45:23,880
What do we think\n this building was for?
889
00:45:23,880 --> 00:45:27,280
Well, again,\n let's just return to Edmund Artis.
890
00:45:27,280 --> 00:45:30,040
He first termed it a praetorium,
891
00:45:30,040 --> 00:45:33,520
which would mean to him\n an official residence, perhaps
892
00:45:33,520 --> 00:45:36,480
having official links with the state\n and that's exactly what it is.
893
00:45:36,480 --> 00:45:38,760
How do you feel about Artis now?
894
00:45:38,760 --> 00:45:40,680
Well, Artis and his plans\n still live, yeah that's...
895
00:45:40,680 --> 00:45:44,600
Absolutely. Where we have\n tested his plans, we found them
896
00:45:44,600 --> 00:45:47,520
to be right and the other wonderful\n thing is they're very,
897
00:45:47,520 --> 00:45:50,880
very beautiful, his impressions, his\n general views are, are gorgeous...
898
00:45:50,880 --> 00:45:53,440
they're pretty as well\n as being informative.
899
00:45:53,440 --> 00:45:57,040
Everybody likes something to be\n pretty as well as functional.
900
00:45:57,040 --> 00:45:58,760
Like my hat.
901
00:46:03,240 --> 00:46:07,320
The massive Roman wall that Raksha\n found at the western end of the
902
00:46:07,320 --> 00:46:11,920
graveyard, nearly two metres wide,\n was built to support a building,
903
00:46:11,920 --> 00:46:14,160
possibly three storeys high.
904
00:46:16,880 --> 00:46:20,760
And at an extraordinary\n 110 metres in length,
905
00:46:20,760 --> 00:46:25,440
this is the largest Roman building\n Time Team has ever excavated.
906
00:46:28,320 --> 00:46:33,920
It would've had a vast red tiled\n roof and bright whitewashed walls...
907
00:46:33,920 --> 00:46:36,360
A truly astonishing structure.
908
00:46:39,240 --> 00:46:43,160
Mick, I can't remember\n another dig quite like this one.
909
00:46:43,160 --> 00:46:45,720
It's been fantastic to be able\n to dig in a churchyard,
910
00:46:45,720 --> 00:46:47,400
hasn't it? Absolutely fantastic.
911
00:46:47,400 --> 00:46:51,440
Three days ago, I don't think any of\n us could've dreamt of what we got.
912
00:46:51,440 --> 00:46:54,400
Absolutely not and this is so\n exciting, to find this mosaic
913
00:46:54,400 --> 00:46:56,400
here underneath these bodies.
914
00:46:56,400 --> 00:46:59,000
We've got Artis telling the\n truth, it's the real thing,
915
00:46:59,000 --> 00:47:00,720
the praetorium exists in my view.
916
00:47:00,720 --> 00:47:02,480
I'm quite happy with it, wonderful.
917
00:47:02,480 --> 00:47:04,600
Absolutely.
918
00:47:11,720 --> 00:47:15,200
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