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1
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[tense music playing]
2
00:00:16,104 --> 00:00:18,106
[growls softly]
3
00:00:23,069 --> 00:00:28,950
[Morgan Freeman] Two million years ago,
and our planet is a very different place.
4
00:00:29,034 --> 00:00:30,577
[growls]
5
00:00:31,911 --> 00:00:34,247
[growls]
6
00:00:34,330 --> 00:00:37,709
A saber-toothed cat, the Smilodon.
7
00:00:37,792 --> 00:00:39,794
[ominous music playing]
8
00:00:40,420 --> 00:00:42,422
[growls]
9
00:00:43,923 --> 00:00:46,217
A fearsome predator of its age.
10
00:00:51,389 --> 00:00:56,936
Standing in the way, a giant terror bird,
two meters tall.
11
00:00:58,021 --> 00:01:00,440
[barks, roars]
12
00:01:03,234 --> 00:01:04,611
[growls softly]
13
00:01:04,694 --> 00:01:07,155
Both sides are armed…
14
00:01:09,991 --> 00:01:11,993
and prepared for a fight.
15
00:01:14,412 --> 00:01:16,414
[roars]
16
00:01:17,916 --> 00:01:19,626
[trills]
17
00:01:20,627 --> 00:01:22,629
[dramatic music playing]
18
00:01:28,510 --> 00:01:32,931
This is the story
of the great battles for survival
19
00:01:33,848 --> 00:01:37,852
and the dynasties
that would take over the world.
20
00:01:39,354 --> 00:01:41,356
[roars]
21
00:01:43,149 --> 00:01:48,071
This is the story of life.
22
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[music intensifies, ends]
23
00:01:57,539 --> 00:01:59,541
[rousing music playing]
24
00:02:09,926 --> 00:02:11,636
[low growling]
25
00:02:18,726 --> 00:02:21,146
[snarling]
26
00:02:21,229 --> 00:02:23,314
[trilling]
27
00:02:25,150 --> 00:02:26,401
[screeching]
28
00:02:26,484 --> 00:02:29,487
[rousing music continues]
29
00:02:37,537 --> 00:02:39,497
[growling]
30
00:02:39,581 --> 00:02:41,499
[wind howling]
31
00:02:43,585 --> 00:02:45,253
[rumbling]
32
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[rousing music intensifies]
33
00:02:52,218 --> 00:02:54,429
[music fades]
34
00:03:01,686 --> 00:03:03,897
[tranquil music playing]
35
00:03:05,315 --> 00:03:06,941
If you know where to look,
36
00:03:07,609 --> 00:03:13,573
you can still find clues
to the origins of life on our planet.
37
00:03:21,664 --> 00:03:25,043
This is not just a gathering
of marine predators.
38
00:03:28,838 --> 00:03:32,926
It is a coming together
of ancient bloodlines.
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00:03:36,846 --> 00:03:39,390
Sharks, living fossils,
40
00:03:40,183 --> 00:03:43,728
virtually unchanged
for hundreds of millions of years.
41
00:03:45,855 --> 00:03:48,566
Dolphins, air-breathing mammals
42
00:03:48,650 --> 00:03:51,569
whose ancestors once roamed on land.
43
00:03:51,653 --> 00:03:52,654
[clicking]
44
00:03:53,696 --> 00:03:54,781
[bellows]
45
00:03:54,864 --> 00:03:58,993
Whales, bigger than any other animals
that have ever lived.
46
00:03:59,077 --> 00:04:00,745
[bellows]
47
00:04:05,333 --> 00:04:06,751
Birds,
48
00:04:08,503 --> 00:04:11,798
the last survivors of the dinosaurs…
49
00:04:14,467 --> 00:04:17,136
the world's greatest dynasty.
50
00:04:17,220 --> 00:04:19,222
[dramatic music playing]
51
00:04:23,768 --> 00:04:25,311
All predators,
52
00:04:25,395 --> 00:04:27,522
all hunting the same prey,
53
00:04:27,605 --> 00:04:31,776
but all with totally different origins.
54
00:04:40,660 --> 00:04:45,164
There are more than ten million species
of plant and animals alive today.
55
00:04:45,248 --> 00:04:47,250
[rousing music playing]
56
00:04:53,006 --> 00:04:58,511
And yet, they are just 1%
of all species that have ever existed.
57
00:04:58,594 --> 00:05:00,221
[birds chirping]
58
00:05:03,725 --> 00:05:05,518
By traveling back in time,
59
00:05:06,311 --> 00:05:10,231
we'll meet many of the 99%
that have gone extinct…
60
00:05:10,315 --> 00:05:12,108
[growling]
61
00:05:14,527 --> 00:05:16,154
[roaring]
62
00:05:18,072 --> 00:05:20,992
…to reveal
the most extraordinary story of all,
63
00:05:22,076 --> 00:05:25,163
the story of life on our planet.
64
00:05:25,872 --> 00:05:27,332
[grunting]
65
00:05:28,249 --> 00:05:30,043
[growling]
66
00:05:30,126 --> 00:05:32,211
[roaring]
67
00:05:32,295 --> 00:05:34,422
[music fades]
68
00:05:51,230 --> 00:05:53,900
[thunder rumbles]
69
00:05:53,983 --> 00:05:59,697
Life and all its incredible variety
had to start somewhere.
70
00:05:59,781 --> 00:06:01,783
[thunder continues]
71
00:06:08,664 --> 00:06:13,252
The first spark appeared
four billion years ago.
72
00:06:17,382 --> 00:06:22,387
Perhaps uniquely,
our planet had just the right conditions.
73
00:06:25,306 --> 00:06:28,643
Liquid water, energy from the Sun,
74
00:06:29,435 --> 00:06:33,106
and the perfect chemistry
for life to take hold.
75
00:06:38,277 --> 00:06:40,321
[dreamy music playing]
76
00:06:40,405 --> 00:06:45,535
The exact process
is lost in the mists of time.
77
00:06:47,703 --> 00:06:53,626
But what it produced
was a tiny single living cell.
78
00:06:55,503 --> 00:06:56,629
LUCA,
79
00:06:57,547 --> 00:07:01,008
the Last Universal Common Ancestor…
80
00:07:05,138 --> 00:07:09,976
from which all life,
everything, is descended.
81
00:07:16,315 --> 00:07:17,608
[music ends]
82
00:07:19,110 --> 00:07:21,320
From these humble beginnings,
83
00:07:21,404 --> 00:07:25,533
life took billions more years
to develop real complexity.
84
00:07:36,127 --> 00:07:39,881
A feat it first achieved in the oceans.
85
00:07:42,133 --> 00:07:44,135
[squelching]
86
00:07:45,678 --> 00:07:48,598
The earliest animals to attain supremacy
87
00:07:49,599 --> 00:07:51,517
were simple life forms.
88
00:07:52,393 --> 00:07:54,395
[water babbling]
89
00:07:57,982 --> 00:07:59,609
These invertebrates,
90
00:08:00,651 --> 00:08:02,528
animals without backbones,
91
00:08:03,779 --> 00:08:06,949
ruled the seas for many millions of years.
92
00:08:12,205 --> 00:08:16,334
Throughout history,
life has been waging an unending war.
93
00:08:18,127 --> 00:08:19,921
One dynasty rising,
94
00:08:20,004 --> 00:08:22,632
only to be vanquished by the next.
95
00:08:29,680 --> 00:08:32,475
Plants were among the first
to conquer the land…
96
00:08:34,894 --> 00:08:37,647
creating conditions that, in time,
97
00:08:39,482 --> 00:08:41,901
allowed the invertebrates to follow
98
00:08:42,985 --> 00:08:44,695
and take over.
99
00:08:44,779 --> 00:08:46,781
[chirping]
100
00:08:55,623 --> 00:08:58,584
But the invertebrates
could not rule forever.
101
00:09:00,127 --> 00:09:02,129
[ominous music playing]
102
00:09:07,093 --> 00:09:09,220
A new dynasty would surpass them.
103
00:09:14,016 --> 00:09:16,894
One that also came from the water.
104
00:09:20,273 --> 00:09:21,607
[growling]
105
00:09:25,570 --> 00:09:26,988
The amphibians…
106
00:09:27,071 --> 00:09:29,073
[grunting]
107
00:09:33,578 --> 00:09:38,499
…whose novel body plan
of four limbs and a backbone
108
00:09:38,583 --> 00:09:42,003
would prove
an enduring blueprint for success.
109
00:09:44,046 --> 00:09:45,923
[grunting]
110
00:09:46,007 --> 00:09:49,010
Their reach was limited
by their ties to water.
111
00:09:54,390 --> 00:09:58,603
But they spawned another dynasty
with no such binds.
112
00:10:03,691 --> 00:10:05,067
The reptiles.
113
00:10:05,568 --> 00:10:06,944
[low growl]
114
00:10:07,778 --> 00:10:10,573
Able to exploit even the driest regions,
115
00:10:11,699 --> 00:10:14,869
their sprawling gait
carried them around the world.
116
00:10:14,952 --> 00:10:16,537
[growling]
117
00:10:22,627 --> 00:10:26,881
For the first time in history,
there was a global power.
118
00:10:29,550 --> 00:10:31,385
From these early reptiles
119
00:10:33,346 --> 00:10:36,140
came the most iconic dynasty of them all.
120
00:10:36,223 --> 00:10:38,434
[majestic music playing]
121
00:10:39,977 --> 00:10:41,562
The dinosaurs.
122
00:10:41,646 --> 00:10:43,814
[bellowing]
123
00:10:50,946 --> 00:10:53,324
[grunting]
124
00:10:53,407 --> 00:10:58,162
They were to rule
for over 150 million years.
125
00:10:59,830 --> 00:11:01,832
[croaking]
126
00:11:04,794 --> 00:11:06,921
[bleating]
127
00:11:07,004 --> 00:11:09,298
A group of astonishing variety,
128
00:11:09,382 --> 00:11:11,425
whose absolute dominion
129
00:11:12,218 --> 00:11:16,263
was only cut short by calamitous bad luck.
130
00:11:16,347 --> 00:11:18,391
[bellowing]
131
00:11:18,474 --> 00:11:20,351
[squawking]
132
00:11:22,603 --> 00:11:24,605
[wind howling]
133
00:11:25,773 --> 00:11:27,233
Out of their shadows
134
00:11:28,234 --> 00:11:31,904
rose the last great bloodline.
135
00:11:34,573 --> 00:11:35,908
The mammals.
136
00:11:37,576 --> 00:11:39,954
[low growling]
137
00:11:43,082 --> 00:11:47,336
One of whom would go on
to change our planet
138
00:11:48,629 --> 00:11:50,297
like nothing before.
139
00:11:50,381 --> 00:11:52,425
[music ends]
140
00:11:54,093 --> 00:11:56,095
[birds chirping]
141
00:11:58,723 --> 00:12:01,642
The rise and fall of these dynasties,
142
00:12:01,726 --> 00:12:03,894
over four billion years,
143
00:12:03,978 --> 00:12:06,439
has not just been a matter of chance.
144
00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:10,609
The whole journey,
145
00:12:11,277 --> 00:12:15,573
from the beginning of life
to the infinite variety we know today,
146
00:12:17,324 --> 00:12:20,745
has been driven
by certain fundamental principles.
147
00:12:23,289 --> 00:12:25,124
The rules of life.
148
00:12:27,668 --> 00:12:33,632
The first rule is the best adapted
will always win through.
149
00:12:36,761 --> 00:12:41,599
Every one of these butterfly eggs
looks identical.
150
00:12:44,310 --> 00:12:47,188
But each has
a different combination of genes
151
00:12:48,314 --> 00:12:52,610
that makes them,
individually, completely unique.
152
00:12:52,693 --> 00:12:54,695
[birds tweeting]
153
00:12:56,447 --> 00:12:58,449
[tranquil music playing]
154
00:13:01,410 --> 00:13:05,748
Some will have genetic qualities
that help them survive.
155
00:13:14,840 --> 00:13:20,012
Qualities that will pass
from generation to generation…
156
00:13:26,060 --> 00:13:27,311
until eventually,
157
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one will be so different
to its predecessors
158
00:13:31,607 --> 00:13:34,235
that it becomes an entirely new species,
159
00:13:36,904 --> 00:13:40,491
better adapted to its environment.
160
00:13:44,245 --> 00:13:47,206
This is evolution.
161
00:13:47,289 --> 00:13:50,209
-[rustling]
-[birds chirping]
162
00:13:50,292 --> 00:13:52,920
[music intensifies]
163
00:13:56,924 --> 00:14:00,344
But the caterpillars
aren't the only ones evolving.
164
00:14:03,013 --> 00:14:05,015
[rustling, creaking]
165
00:14:08,143 --> 00:14:12,439
Everything in this forest
is fighting for survival…
166
00:14:13,899 --> 00:14:15,484
[swooshing]
167
00:14:15,568 --> 00:14:18,362
…including the plants.
168
00:14:25,452 --> 00:14:29,248
Unchecked, the caterpillars
would strip them bare.
169
00:14:29,331 --> 00:14:31,584
[munching]
170
00:14:31,667 --> 00:14:33,669
[dramatic music playing]
171
00:14:38,591 --> 00:14:43,721
But this plant has evolved
its own adaptations for survival.
172
00:14:46,932 --> 00:14:48,809
Poison in its leaves,
173
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capable of killing
anything that eats them.
174
00:14:54,690 --> 00:14:56,233
It's chemical warfare.
175
00:14:56,859 --> 00:14:58,861
[ominous music playing]
176
00:14:59,737 --> 00:15:02,573
Then a new species of caterpillar evolves…
177
00:15:05,284 --> 00:15:08,913
that can eat
the otherwise poisonous leaves,
178
00:15:09,830 --> 00:15:12,333
along with any eggs that might be on them.
179
00:15:20,341 --> 00:15:21,800
In response,
180
00:15:21,884 --> 00:15:25,262
other butterflies adapt
to only lay on plants
181
00:15:25,346 --> 00:15:26,847
that are free of eggs…
182
00:15:27,973 --> 00:15:29,808
[birds tweeting]
183
00:15:31,226 --> 00:15:33,187
[serene music playing]
184
00:15:33,270 --> 00:15:37,149
…ensuring their young
have the best possible start.
185
00:15:47,660 --> 00:15:50,037
But the plants retaliate…
186
00:15:50,704 --> 00:15:52,581
[sinister music playing]
187
00:15:52,665 --> 00:15:54,625
…forming growths on their leaves
188
00:15:55,709 --> 00:15:57,711
that mimic butterfly eggs…
189
00:16:04,969 --> 00:16:08,806
deterring any females from laying there.
190
00:16:12,601 --> 00:16:17,731
What's more, the fake eggs
produce a sweet nectar that attracts ants…
191
00:16:20,526 --> 00:16:23,195
that feed on caterpillars.
192
00:16:23,278 --> 00:16:25,322
[sinister music continues]
193
00:16:29,743 --> 00:16:34,331
The first rule of life,
that the best adapted will win through…
194
00:16:34,415 --> 00:16:36,083
[music ends]
195
00:16:36,166 --> 00:16:40,004
…has produced the huge diversity
that exists today.
196
00:16:40,671 --> 00:16:42,673
[birds tweeting]
197
00:16:49,596 --> 00:16:50,889
The next rule of life
198
00:16:51,849 --> 00:16:54,309
is that competition drives adaptation.
199
00:17:02,818 --> 00:17:08,073
And the most acute competition
comes from one's own kind.
200
00:17:09,241 --> 00:17:11,243
[ominous music playing]
201
00:17:14,705 --> 00:17:16,206
A male terror bird.
202
00:17:21,253 --> 00:17:24,381
His territory is the lakeshore.
203
00:17:30,179 --> 00:17:32,556
[growls, roars]
204
00:17:37,102 --> 00:17:39,730
-[distant call]
-But he's not alone.
205
00:17:39,813 --> 00:17:42,191
[roars]
206
00:17:43,358 --> 00:17:45,986
A younger male wants this prime spot.
207
00:17:46,570 --> 00:17:48,072
-[distant call]
-[grunts]
208
00:17:48,739 --> 00:17:50,741
[roars]
209
00:17:52,785 --> 00:17:54,328
[roars]
210
00:17:54,411 --> 00:17:56,830
The older one can't ignore the threat.
211
00:17:58,540 --> 00:18:00,793
[tense music playing]
212
00:18:10,427 --> 00:18:12,429
[roars]
213
00:18:14,014 --> 00:18:15,349
[roars]
214
00:18:16,683 --> 00:18:18,811
The youngster refuses to back down.
215
00:18:22,356 --> 00:18:24,817
He needs a territory of his own.
216
00:18:28,112 --> 00:18:30,447
[both roaring]
217
00:18:35,077 --> 00:18:37,830
The two begin a ritual display.
218
00:18:39,164 --> 00:18:41,750
[grunting]
219
00:18:48,674 --> 00:18:50,634
Assessing the other's strength…
220
00:18:52,094 --> 00:18:55,097
[snarling]
221
00:18:57,266 --> 00:18:59,226
…while showing off their own.
222
00:19:07,693 --> 00:19:09,653
Their coordinated moves
223
00:19:10,154 --> 00:19:12,072
as formal as a dance.
224
00:19:18,287 --> 00:19:19,371
[growls]
225
00:19:20,998 --> 00:19:23,000
[snarling]
226
00:19:24,501 --> 00:19:26,587
Who will be the first to back down?
227
00:19:35,470 --> 00:19:36,680
Or attack?
228
00:19:38,974 --> 00:19:41,476
[tense music continues]
229
00:19:44,897 --> 00:19:49,026
With nothing to separate them,
a fight is inevitable.
230
00:19:51,486 --> 00:19:52,696
[roars]
231
00:19:53,280 --> 00:19:57,034
[roaring]
232
00:19:59,286 --> 00:20:01,288
-[roaring]
-[tense music intensifies]
233
00:20:02,998 --> 00:20:04,333
But they have company.
234
00:20:10,464 --> 00:20:13,300
-[growling]
-[grunting]
235
00:20:13,967 --> 00:20:16,595
The Smilodon's mammalian cunning
236
00:20:16,678 --> 00:20:19,556
was one reason terror birds went extinct.
237
00:20:23,977 --> 00:20:25,604
[growling]
238
00:20:25,687 --> 00:20:30,275
Competition, both within
and between species,
239
00:20:31,026 --> 00:20:33,153
has always driven evolution.
240
00:20:36,949 --> 00:20:41,495
But it's not just those doing battle
that are always changing.
241
00:20:42,704 --> 00:20:45,624
So too is the battlefield itself,
242
00:20:46,458 --> 00:20:49,086
which leads to the third rule of life.
243
00:20:50,837 --> 00:20:53,757
Earth never remains stable for long.
244
00:20:54,841 --> 00:20:56,718
Sometimes that helps life.
245
00:20:57,552 --> 00:20:59,972
Sometimes it hinders it.
246
00:21:01,265 --> 00:21:03,267
[dramatic music playing]
247
00:21:05,978 --> 00:21:10,482
Throughout history, volcanoes have been
one of the greatest agents of change.
248
00:21:12,109 --> 00:21:14,111
[rumbling]
249
00:21:14,820 --> 00:21:16,738
[explosive crashing]
250
00:21:28,542 --> 00:21:31,461
Eruptions lasting thousands of years
251
00:21:32,671 --> 00:21:37,217
have repeatedly engulfed
vast swathes of our planet.
252
00:21:39,594 --> 00:21:42,306
Pumping gases into the atmosphere,
253
00:21:42,389 --> 00:21:43,849
changing the climate,
254
00:21:43,932 --> 00:21:45,017
and, at worst…
255
00:21:45,100 --> 00:21:46,351
[rumbling]
256
00:21:46,435 --> 00:21:48,895
…causing global mass extinction.
257
00:21:59,323 --> 00:22:01,283
The world has rarely been stable.
258
00:22:01,908 --> 00:22:04,578
At times, a realm of fire.
259
00:22:07,164 --> 00:22:09,624
At times, a realm of ice.
260
00:22:11,376 --> 00:22:13,378
[wind howling]
261
00:22:19,176 --> 00:22:22,763
Our changing planet has created
so many challenges for life.
262
00:22:25,057 --> 00:22:26,600
From toxic seas…
263
00:22:28,518 --> 00:22:30,687
[cracking, rumbling]
264
00:22:30,771 --> 00:22:32,397
…to global wastelands…
265
00:22:35,609 --> 00:22:37,986
and periods of almost endless rain.
266
00:22:38,070 --> 00:22:39,071
[whooshing]
267
00:22:39,154 --> 00:22:40,864
[rumbling]
268
00:22:41,948 --> 00:22:44,076
[thunder crashing]
269
00:22:45,077 --> 00:22:47,329
At four different times,
270
00:22:48,747 --> 00:22:52,751
the planet has pushed life
to the very edge of existence.
271
00:22:53,794 --> 00:22:57,756
Each time, more than three-quarters
of all species
272
00:22:57,839 --> 00:23:00,384
were lost in mass extinctions.
273
00:23:00,967 --> 00:23:02,969
-[thunder crashing]
-[wind howling]
274
00:23:05,389 --> 00:23:08,350
Ours can be a brutal planet.
275
00:23:17,317 --> 00:23:19,111
But there was one period
276
00:23:20,320 --> 00:23:25,033
when Earth was stable
for 100 million years.
277
00:23:25,117 --> 00:23:27,119
[tranquil music playing]
278
00:23:29,121 --> 00:23:34,668
A period which allowed one group
to become the mightiest of dynasties.
279
00:23:39,256 --> 00:23:42,300
This was the age of dinosaurs.
280
00:23:43,218 --> 00:23:45,220
[grunting]
281
00:23:52,310 --> 00:23:57,899
The long calm helped dinosaurs
to proliferate in huge numbers.
282
00:24:07,826 --> 00:24:10,203
These are Maiasaura,
283
00:24:11,705 --> 00:24:16,376
gentle plant eaters
that form herds many thousands strong.
284
00:24:17,210 --> 00:24:19,671
[grunting, snorting]
285
00:24:26,511 --> 00:24:29,806
This mass gathering provides safety,
286
00:24:31,183 --> 00:24:32,934
and not just for the adults.
287
00:24:39,232 --> 00:24:41,568
This rather cautious female
288
00:24:42,444 --> 00:24:44,654
is keen to get back to her nest.
289
00:24:47,991 --> 00:24:49,201
[snorts]
290
00:24:51,870 --> 00:24:53,455
[growls softly]
291
00:24:57,584 --> 00:25:00,754
Maiasaura means "good mother."
292
00:25:01,254 --> 00:25:02,631
[growls softly]
293
00:25:04,382 --> 00:25:05,926
Like the other females,
294
00:25:06,801 --> 00:25:09,804
she has made her nest
in an enormous colony.
295
00:25:13,099 --> 00:25:14,100
To reach it,
296
00:25:14,684 --> 00:25:17,896
she must run the gauntlet
of defensive mothers
297
00:25:17,979 --> 00:25:19,731
keen to protect their young.
298
00:25:20,273 --> 00:25:22,275
[growling]
299
00:25:24,945 --> 00:25:26,154
[snorting]
300
00:25:28,865 --> 00:25:30,867
[hissing growl]
301
00:25:31,952 --> 00:25:34,079
[growls]
302
00:25:34,162 --> 00:25:35,872
In avoiding one aggressor,
303
00:25:36,998 --> 00:25:38,708
she strays too close to the next.
304
00:25:38,792 --> 00:25:40,168
-[snarls]
-[grunts]
305
00:25:40,919 --> 00:25:43,255
[snarls]
306
00:25:43,338 --> 00:25:44,673
[grunts]
307
00:25:47,259 --> 00:25:49,928
[grunts, roars]
308
00:25:52,597 --> 00:25:54,140
[grunts softly]
309
00:25:54,224 --> 00:25:57,894
At last, she reaches her own nest.
310
00:25:57,978 --> 00:25:59,980
[bleating]
311
00:26:02,899 --> 00:26:04,901
-[mother grunts softly]
-[babies bleat]
312
00:26:08,071 --> 00:26:11,575
She feeds her young
in a very bird-like way.
313
00:26:19,416 --> 00:26:21,751
[roars]
314
00:26:21,835 --> 00:26:24,129
-[growls]
-[grunts]
315
00:26:26,798 --> 00:26:28,383
[roars]
316
00:26:31,136 --> 00:26:34,055
She'll protect them in the nest
for many months,
317
00:26:35,557 --> 00:26:38,768
until they are big enough
to join the rest of the herd.
318
00:26:39,269 --> 00:26:41,271
[bleating]
319
00:26:47,277 --> 00:26:51,781
Yet the planet didn't just support
large numbers of dinosaurs,
320
00:26:52,949 --> 00:26:58,705
its stability also supported dinosaurs
of every shape and size.
321
00:27:00,248 --> 00:27:02,083
[bellowing]
322
00:27:04,586 --> 00:27:06,588
[squawking]
323
00:27:08,048 --> 00:27:10,342
[trilling]
324
00:27:11,885 --> 00:27:16,431
Triceratops is very different
to the defenseless Maiasaura.
325
00:27:22,270 --> 00:27:26,274
Weighing five tons
and boasting three horns,
326
00:27:26,941 --> 00:27:28,360
she is heavily armored…
327
00:27:30,779 --> 00:27:36,076
adapted to a world
where the best form of defense is attack.
328
00:27:42,582 --> 00:27:47,128
With the breeding season imminent,
she needs to be in peak condition.
329
00:27:49,839 --> 00:27:54,636
And that means finding the best food
wherever she can.
330
00:27:59,891 --> 00:28:02,602
But her search has taken her
far from the herd…
331
00:28:05,480 --> 00:28:08,483
and closer to the edge of the forest.
332
00:28:12,529 --> 00:28:14,614
[snorting]
333
00:28:18,868 --> 00:28:20,537
She's right to be nervous.
334
00:28:21,579 --> 00:28:24,874
Triceratops aren't the only giants
in these woods.
335
00:28:28,294 --> 00:28:30,422
[ominous music playing]
336
00:28:35,093 --> 00:28:36,469
[quiet growl]
337
00:28:38,930 --> 00:28:40,807
Tyrannosaurus rex.
338
00:28:41,516 --> 00:28:43,518
[grunting]
339
00:28:44,519 --> 00:28:46,271
The ultimate predator.
340
00:28:53,862 --> 00:28:56,072
She has her two youngsters with her.
341
00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:04,122
[growls quietly]
342
00:29:13,006 --> 00:29:14,549
[hissing, snarling]
343
00:29:16,050 --> 00:29:18,052
-[dramatic music playing]
-[roaring]
344
00:29:22,807 --> 00:29:24,976
The siblings are faster than their mother.
345
00:29:25,059 --> 00:29:27,479
-[Tyrannosaurus squeals]
-[Triceratops bellows]
346
00:29:29,814 --> 00:29:31,024
They work as a team.
347
00:29:31,107 --> 00:29:33,026
-[bellowing]
-[hissing]
348
00:29:34,068 --> 00:29:36,863
The Triceratops
can hold off the youngsters,
349
00:29:37,864 --> 00:29:39,032
but not the adult.
350
00:29:39,115 --> 00:29:41,117
-[hissing]
-[roaring]
351
00:29:50,293 --> 00:29:52,295
[Tyrannosaurs squealing, roaring]
352
00:30:00,637 --> 00:30:03,348
Only the protection of the herd
can save her.
353
00:30:04,766 --> 00:30:07,644
[Triceratops grunting]
354
00:30:07,727 --> 00:30:09,395
They form a defensive wall.
355
00:30:09,479 --> 00:30:10,772
[grunting]
356
00:30:10,855 --> 00:30:12,398
[roars]
357
00:30:15,944 --> 00:30:20,240
Even the world's greatest predator
knows when she's beaten.
358
00:30:22,325 --> 00:30:24,911
-[Tyrannosaurus snarling]
-[Triceratops roaring]
359
00:30:28,289 --> 00:30:30,291
[screeching]
360
00:30:32,752 --> 00:30:34,504
Unlike the young male.
361
00:30:34,587 --> 00:30:36,339
[roaring]
362
00:30:36,422 --> 00:30:38,424
[squealing]
363
00:30:41,761 --> 00:30:44,264
[roaring]
364
00:30:55,984 --> 00:30:58,278
Dinosaurs might still rule today
365
00:30:58,361 --> 00:31:01,573
if conditions on Earth
had remained the same.
366
00:31:03,783 --> 00:31:06,703
But everything was about to change,
367
00:31:07,495 --> 00:31:09,747
and in just one day.
368
00:31:15,712 --> 00:31:17,714
[explosive crash]
369
00:31:18,882 --> 00:31:20,884
[rumbling]
370
00:31:20,967 --> 00:31:24,262
An asteroid the size of Mount Everest,
371
00:31:25,597 --> 00:31:28,516
traveling 20 times faster than a bullet,
372
00:31:28,600 --> 00:31:30,393
smashed into the planet.
373
00:31:33,021 --> 00:31:35,023
[dramatic music playing]
374
00:31:36,441 --> 00:31:41,529
It blew a hole
20 kilometers deep and 180 wide…
375
00:31:45,158 --> 00:31:48,244
setting off
an earth-shattering chain of events.
376
00:31:53,374 --> 00:31:57,879
Rising from the massive crater
came the real killer.
377
00:32:01,341 --> 00:32:05,345
A wall of ash and debris
hundreds of kilometers thick…
378
00:32:07,513 --> 00:32:09,390
that enveloped the globe.
379
00:32:09,474 --> 00:32:11,476
[rumbling]
380
00:32:15,355 --> 00:32:17,440
The cloud blocked out the sunlight,
381
00:32:18,775 --> 00:32:21,903
leading to the death
of almost all dinosaurs…
382
00:32:24,113 --> 00:32:26,115
[melancholic music playing]
383
00:32:35,041 --> 00:32:38,294
…and three-quarters of life on Earth.
384
00:32:44,050 --> 00:32:46,803
The annihilation was global.
385
00:32:55,269 --> 00:32:58,189
It was the world's fifth mass extinction.
386
00:33:00,900 --> 00:33:03,236
[melancholic music continues]
387
00:33:14,330 --> 00:33:16,332
[music fades]
388
00:33:29,387 --> 00:33:31,097
But there were survivors.
389
00:33:34,600 --> 00:33:40,189
Survivors that would form the basis
of all species that exist today.
390
00:33:44,068 --> 00:33:46,070
[peaceful music playing]
391
00:33:50,241 --> 00:33:54,120
The birds were
the only remaining dinosaurs.
392
00:33:59,876 --> 00:34:03,087
Today, they number
more than 10,000 species…
393
00:34:03,171 --> 00:34:04,547
[chirping]
394
00:34:04,630 --> 00:34:07,133
…occupying every habitat on Earth.
395
00:34:10,845 --> 00:34:13,890
But the birds didn't have the planet
to themselves.
396
00:34:16,726 --> 00:34:21,189
Another great dynasty
also rose from the ashes.
397
00:34:29,030 --> 00:34:30,364
The mammals.
398
00:34:35,286 --> 00:34:39,916
Under the dinosaurs,
they had been a mere footnote in history.
399
00:34:41,125 --> 00:34:43,127
[grunting, snuffling]
400
00:34:48,424 --> 00:34:50,218
Without the asteroid strike,
401
00:34:50,843 --> 00:34:54,847
none of these survivors
would have had a chance to rule.
402
00:34:59,977 --> 00:35:02,939
From the cataclysm of the mass extinction
403
00:35:04,440 --> 00:35:06,818
came this new multitude of life
404
00:35:08,736 --> 00:35:11,572
in all its wondrous variety…
405
00:35:14,200 --> 00:35:17,203
[uplifting music playing]
406
00:35:19,038 --> 00:35:24,252
…all perfectly adapted
to the challenges of life.
407
00:35:24,335 --> 00:35:26,546
[birds trilling, chirping]
408
00:35:32,051 --> 00:35:35,012
The struggle to protect
and raise one's young,
409
00:35:38,099 --> 00:35:39,600
to find food,
410
00:35:40,268 --> 00:35:41,769
and to breed.
411
00:35:46,607 --> 00:35:48,985
The cast of characters may have changed,
412
00:35:51,445 --> 00:35:54,699
but the essentials remain the same.
413
00:35:57,243 --> 00:36:02,707
Water and the energy from the Sun
continue to support life,
414
00:36:02,790 --> 00:36:06,377
just as they have for billions of years.
415
00:36:10,923 --> 00:36:12,925
[chirping]
416
00:36:16,095 --> 00:36:20,183
Even today, the rules of life still apply.
417
00:36:23,728 --> 00:36:27,356
Only the best adapted will win through.
418
00:36:27,440 --> 00:36:29,442
[tense music playing]
419
00:36:36,574 --> 00:36:38,576
[birds squawking]
420
00:36:39,243 --> 00:36:42,747
Competition drives evolution.
421
00:36:47,877 --> 00:36:51,797
And a rapidly changing planet
causes chaos.
422
00:36:51,881 --> 00:36:53,633
[grunting]
423
00:36:53,716 --> 00:36:55,885
[squealing]
424
00:37:02,016 --> 00:37:05,895
These rules of life
determine how dynasties will rise
425
00:37:06,979 --> 00:37:08,731
and how they will fall.
426
00:37:10,608 --> 00:37:12,610
[chirping]
427
00:37:13,361 --> 00:37:15,863
Every single thing alive today
428
00:37:17,198 --> 00:37:20,618
can trace its heritage back
four billion years.
429
00:37:26,332 --> 00:37:29,835
This in the face of incredible odds.
430
00:37:30,419 --> 00:37:31,337
[grunting]
431
00:37:31,420 --> 00:37:33,422
[majestic music playing]
432
00:37:39,762 --> 00:37:44,183
99% of all species that have ever existed
433
00:37:44,892 --> 00:37:47,270
are now extinct.
434
00:37:47,353 --> 00:37:48,604
[chirping]
435
00:37:52,900 --> 00:37:58,322
Life today is the 1% that made it through.
436
00:37:58,906 --> 00:38:00,783
[squeaking]
437
00:38:09,792 --> 00:38:14,505
This series will explore
the most important milestones
438
00:38:14,588 --> 00:38:15,965
in the history of life.
439
00:38:20,469 --> 00:38:21,762
[grunts]
440
00:38:25,683 --> 00:38:29,312
From when mammals established themselves
as a global power…
441
00:38:32,773 --> 00:38:34,567
[heavy grunting]
442
00:38:37,320 --> 00:38:41,991
…to the ancestors of the birds
first taking to the air…
443
00:38:42,074 --> 00:38:44,076
[triumphant music playing]
444
00:38:48,122 --> 00:38:51,042
…to the evolution of hard-shelled eggs
445
00:38:51,959 --> 00:38:55,880
that led to the rise
of the mighty dinosaurs.
446
00:38:59,342 --> 00:39:01,344
[growling]
447
00:39:04,221 --> 00:39:09,185
And even the moment
when animals first came out of the water.
448
00:39:13,189 --> 00:39:15,191
[whooshing]
449
00:39:18,402 --> 00:39:23,074
In the next chapter,
we go back to life's origins in the sea…
450
00:39:30,206 --> 00:39:33,084
and the very first fights for survival…
451
00:39:36,045 --> 00:39:38,297
on our extraordinary planet.
452
00:39:38,964 --> 00:39:40,758
[ominous music playing]
453
00:39:43,594 --> 00:39:45,596
[music intensifies, ends]
454
00:39:48,265 --> 00:39:50,267
[rousing music playing]
31532
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