All language subtitles for BBC Gladiators Of WWII 06of13 RAF Fighter Command

WAR AND SOLDIERS

ROYAL AIR FORCE

In summer 1940 in southern
England in the sky

took place in one of the most
important World War II battles.

If England had lost, it would have
been exposed to the rise of countries.

It would have had to surrender
to the terms of Hitler

and Europe would have
remained a Nazi slavery.

But the Brits won largely
RAF fighters, thanks.

Never before have so many
been so much debt

so few.

The RAF's ancestors were reconnaissance
pilots and naval air forces

who fought in the First World
War on the Western Front.

These two departments were
combined in a number of 1.4. 1918

Of the Royal Air Force.

The Air Force was separated for the first
time as an independent puolustushaaraksi.

But it was intercepted
by the post-war decline.

England defended in 1922,
only three fighter squadrons.

Defence Forces was intended to
establish 52 lentokonelaivuetta

of which one-third was
supposed to be fighters.

Intentions was postponed until 1936
due to the general disarmament.

The situation changed in January 1933
when Adolf Hitler rose to power.

He revealed in March 1935 its
own air force, the Luftwaffe

which was already the case
as strong as the RAF.

The British government began an
urgent need to strengthen the RAF: a.

Air defense was set up a
year later four branches:

The fighters, bombers, Coastal Air
Command and the Air Force Academy.

The fighter of the Air Force's first
commander was Sir Hugh Dowding.

Prestigious but firm leadership
was nicknamed "Stuffy".

Dowding was a command 16 pieces
of the machine 12 squadrons

and only a little more than 200 pilots.

The equipment consists of two levels, such
as the Hawker Furyja and Hawker Demons.

They were too slow to catch
the combat bombers in time.

But Dowding focused on
two important invention

which changed the nature of
the group of the department.

Radar detected approaching enemy aircraft

the reflection of radio waves.

England's south coast rose rapidly
to the line of radar stations.

The metal monoplane machine

was significantly faster
than the old two levels.

The first of them was Sidney Cammin
drawn by the Hawker Hurricane.

The second was RJ Mitchell's
Supermarine Spitfire.

When war broke out in 1939,

Dowding was mostly a
Spitfire and a Hurricane

and the number of fighters had doubled.

Graduated from the Air Force School
of officers were the RAF's backbone.

In addition to them were recruits pilots

who served for 4 years and then
fell to 10 years in the reserve.

One of them was a New Zealander Al
Deere, which became famous ace.

Eteläafrikkalainen "Sailor" Malan
sai lempinimensä

as he had before the pilot's
career was a sailor.

A quarter of each squadron
pilots were NCO's.

In addition to permanent squadrons
at RAF had a voluntary pool...

And consisted of viikonloppulentäjistä
Royal Air Force base.

Aviation romance blossomed, and the
records were broken continuously.

But most of Sunday pilots
salailivat enthusiasm:

We joined the University
of Oxford to the squadron.

We did not want so much to hone
our skills, but to enjoy the fun.

But they knew they were World
War II pilot aces heirs.

They were very confident.

We had a great machine. It
was armor and a big engine.

We had a parachute and eight machine guns.

We were the modern knights
and ready to face anyone.

James Sanders came to
England ace air battles

but in the summer of 1939 was not yet known

how the young fighter pilots
suoriutuisivat struggles.

Ordeal was waiting just around the corner.

Hitler invaded Poland on 1 September 1939.

Great Britain and France
declared war against Germany

and British troops began to move
over the Channel to France.

They were joined by four
RAF Hurricane squadrons.

Dowding was the British
defense 33 squadrons.

Three squadrons flew a
Bristol Blenheim bombers

which do not fared yksitasohävittäjille.

Three other flotilla were
old Gloster Gladiator

but the rest of the
Hurricanes and Spitfire.

After the Polish surrender

destroyers protected the
East Coast shipping

as well as naval ports of
Scapa Flow and Rosyth.

When the Germans invaded Rosyth 16.
10. 1939

fighters received their
first victory of the war.

Hurricanes dropped two
Heinkel He 111 bombers.

Located in France jet fighters dropped
the German reconnaissance aircraft.

Unusually harsh winter curdles on
both sides of the air operations.

The military campaign
accelerated in the spring.

Germany invaded Norway and
Denmark in April 1940.

Norway sent the Gladiator fighters.

The Germans destroyed
them within a few days

a field used in a frozen lake.

Dowding was forced to send
France a further six squadrons.

The German invasion of France took
another four squadrons of Hurricanes.

The pilots fought well, but were
greeted by overwhelming superiority.

They got the assistance of
a further 32 Hurricanes.

France prayed more German fighters
pouring in across the country.

But Dowding feared that British
defense would be jeopardized

and prompted the government to stop
the transfer of fighters to France.

The Germans surrounded the
two weeks the British Army

as well as French and Belgian
troops in the city of Dunkirk.

Hermann Goering boasted that the
Luftwaffe took care of their own.

The German pilots did their best.

But they were not able to prevent
the rescue of 340,000 soldier.

The miracle of Dunkirk was
largely due to fighter pilots.

They fought bravely maintaining
in the Luftwaffe at bay.

30 years old Douglas Bader received
a baptism of fire just in Dunkirk.

He was a graduate of the air war
from school 10 years earlier.

He soon lost his leg
after a flight accident

and was forced to resign from RAF to.

Persistent Bader kuntoutui and
he once again fly in 1940

and Dunkirk dropped the
first plane, the Me 109's.

He too had to be a rookie, because
he did not even try to dodge.

We did not have superiority,
but we had enough.

The Germans turned towards
Paris, and it was a bad mistake.

We lost quite a few machines
and a damn good pilot.

The machines were lost over 400
and "damn good pilots' 153.

Dowding could not afford such losses.

He knew how to wait for the
decisive battle Britain's airspace.

It will inevitably mean a
loss of the German invasion.

The Luftwaffe had more than
1,100 medium-heavy bombers...

Noin 320 Junkers Ju 87
Stuka syöksypommittajaa...

800 single-engine Me 109 fighter jets...

And 250 two-engined
Me 110 fighter planes.

In addition, Norway and Denmark
had 150 bombers and Me 110's.

The men of the Luftwaffe had been fighting
the Spanish Civil War and Poland.

Dowding was able to set against
it by about 800 fighters

but only 700 Spitfire and the
Hurricane was a real benefit.

The management system had
to act to make them all go.

Dowding had organized its air force
for four lentodivisioonaksi.

10. The division responded
to the Northwest of England.

Its commander Sir Quintin Brand

belonged to the crew, which flew
from London to Cape Town in 1920.

Keith Park's 11th Division
defended the South East of England

which was the most important.

Dowding was confident
staffs serving in the Park.

12. The division confirmed the fronts
of East Anglia and the Midlands region.

It was commanded by Trafford Leigh Mallory

with experience in land and
air forces of collusion.

13. The division protected the northern
England and southern Scotland.

Dowding defense was based
coastal radar stations

who warned of the approaching enemy.

Radar Network sent an enemy Information

fighter the Air Force Headquarters
Bentley Prioryyn Northwest London.

There was defined as the direction
of flight and the entire department.

Information was forwarded to
Bentley Priory command center

as well as divisions and the
sectors to the headquarters.

Channel exceeding the machines was
followed by aerial surveillance troops

which consisted of
volunteers from civilians.

The division's headquarters decided
which squadrons were alerted.

Sector command centers directed
toward the enemy fighters.

The air defense consisted of two
other important components:

Placed in the ground anti-aircraft guns

and the RAF belonged to the
command of the shut-off balls

which prevented the
attackers from getting low.

Spitfire machine is always connected
to the battle of England.

Brian Kingcomen view, it was
an outright pleasure to fly.

It obeyed the instruction in
the same way as a good horse.

Spitfire which rivaled
the German Me 109 for

and they are often ushered in
attacking these saattokoneiden.

More modest hurricane had good sides.

The pilots knew that the hurricane
turned more quickly than others.

If the enemy tried to
kaartelemalla get to shoot

After a few reached the turn
in themselves to shoot.

Geoffrey Page and his comrades
concentrated to destroy the bombers.

Pilots soon realized that the
tactic was the British weak point.

The RAF used the three-engine V a

and the attacks were carried
out completely by the book.

Luftwaffe, in turn, used
a battle experiences

and developed a "four fingers" formation.

It was a more flexible and better
protected surprise attacks.

Dowding was not concerned about the production
machinery, since it had been added.

But he feared that trained
pilots was not enough.

The training was added in July 1940.

Every other week now completed 115
pilots of the previous 39 instead of

but it was of no use for some time yet.

It troubled Dowding continuously
increases the losses in particular.

Aviators haalittiin reserve
and also from abroad.

Poland were experienced pilots

who had fought against the Luftwaffe
in their home country and France.

Aviators were received from
France and Czechoslovakia

and the RAF was seen up to
the American volunteers.

Even an experienced pilot, was entirely
dependent on kenttähenkilöstöstään

such as an ace pilot Bob
Stanford Tuck admits:

Once landed after a hot day
and rose to his machine

against her became
immediately swarm of men.

They opened the shutters, serviced
the engine, fill up the machine

and downloaded the weapons
as quickly as I could.

Radio technician came to check the radio...

They hover around like ants.

Field Men boasted of because of how
quickly they serviced the machine.

The BBC interviewed after
the fight one of them.

The squadron landing on
when it rose up in the air

It took the final stages of the Battle of
seven minutes.

The first machine
from landing the last upswing.

Battle of England officially
began 10.7. 1940.

Luftwaffe tried in July to
attract the RAF over the Channel

afflicted by convoys.

Dowding did not take the bait

even though the coast and especially
the Dover coast fought fiercely.

Next radio commentary gives you
an idea of fighting wrath:

British Destroyers approaching.

Equipment plunge very steeply.
I see bombs parting.

One machine is in flames, and
falls a long savuvana in tow.

Machine guns crackle
hears this far.

Smith hit a Messerschmitt!
Wonderful! It drops.

It is a thing of the past.
A truly magnificent sight!!

Goering launched a major
offensive on 12 August.

Radar stations and airports
frontline were the main goals.

Dowding, fortunately, to examine
not bombarded for a long time

and most remained intact.

After three days, became
Goering Adlertag, "Eagle Day".

Size RAF attempted to destroy
one of the a huge attack.

Luftwaffe flew nearly
1,500 combat missions.

The fighters were able to fight for the
British maintain only a couple of minutes.

Germany began to lose 23 times
more machines than the British.

Just
Adlertagin losses amounted to 4513.

On August 18, was a critical day.

The Germans struck a
multi-sector headquarters.

Message Contacts broke down.

RAF lost 34 aircraft and the Luftwaffe 71.

The Germans were nevertheless confident
that the superior would bring victory

as it is clear from the news of the film:

The squadron after another
left the field.

This goes on day and night,
hour after hour.

Luftwaffe find accounts
grace of knowing.

It would take the Air
Force to such pressure?

August 1940 on a beautiful summer days

fighting aircraft drew streaks in
the South of England in the sky.

RAF crews were constantly in battle...

And always outnumbered.

Roland Beamont and Denis David
describe his noble struggle:

7 Hurricanes can not break
down a 100 machine.

If the attacking guarantee may
be able to drop one or two

but if attacking from the front, the
shape can degrade when they duck

and then can attack individual machines.

It did not have time to put on airs.
We visited only onto full speed.

Anyone got to survive in
close combat on their own.

I was sometimes so close that the
canopy of the German oil staining.

The country can only watch and hope.

Winston Churchill put on 20.8.
All thoughts into words:

Never before have so many
been so much debt

so few.

Those few people lived in constant
death, and especially burning in fear.

Cabin temperature rises to a
comfortable room temperature

about 10 seconds, 3000 ° C.

Water boils at 100 degrees

so unless you get out in
10 seconds, was a goner.

Continuous pressure became pilots forces.

They were always on standby during the day.

They usually waited for changing
or outside the machinery nearby.

Everyone was waiting for
the phone to ring strung.

Calling could be one of the
routine inquiry or alarm.

Pilots were waiting for cabs when
the attacks were ankarimmillaan.

The squadron was able to sometimes
get 24 hours of your stay

which lasted from noon to noon the next.

Some rushed straight to
the London meat dams.

However, for most people was enough for
a couple of beers in the nearby pub.

While in the service they flew
five or six flights per day.

Adrenaline flowed in the veins

when the air traffic controller directed
them toward the approaching enemy.

Attack was monitored with a giant map.

Johnnie Johnson says that the pilots
tried to forget what you did.

I never thought that I was
trying to kill another pilot.

I just wanted to drop the machine, which
was on the side of the black cross.

After each flight, someone
had the crowd gone.

At breakfast, sat next to a man
could disappear during the day.

It felt so awful

that I do not even trying to
make friends with other pilots.

Luftwaffe confirmed 24.8. bombers convoys

and attacked while the fighters airports

especially in fields 11 division.

Squadrons suffered heavy losses,
and the pilots became exhausted.

Keith Park began to fear that the
whole division would collapse.

Dowding complemented the Park's
squadrons of other divisions pilots.

Lawrence Thorogood says that the level of
the supplements showed a steady decline.

I only had 20 hours of
flight time in Hurricane.

Firearms training was still in
progress when we went fleets

even if the shooting is definitely a
fighter pilot in the most important skill.

A friend of mine was attacked
twice bombers against

the circlips on the arms. They would
therefore not have been able to deploy.

He did not realize that guns did not work

but thought only: "Whether
this silent weapons."

It seemed that the RAF was
ground slowly to a non-existent

but turned the Luftwaffe on
September 7, unexpectedly tactics.

It was two weeks earlier
mistakenly bombed London.

On the following night the RAF
bombed in retaliation for Berlin.

Disasters were minor, but Hitler
ordered to start the blitz.

Keith Park remembered this
important turning point in...

That night, when they bombed
London and set fire to it

I flew over Hurricane.

I watched the Thames, which
burn gasoline tanks illuminated

and I thanked God.

I knew that when they had
started to bomb London

they will also continue
the Thames moukarointia

and I would have time
to repair the airport.

Hold the promise of change
was feared German invasion.

Code Message "Cromwell" started
the same evening, 7.9.

The Defence Forces were
set up to full readiness.

But Hitler had realized that
the Luftwaffe was not winning.

He chose to 10.9. to postpone
the invasion by two weeks.

Goering wanted to try to destroy
the RAF once again the destroyers.

He launched a 15.9. a major
offensive against London

which was supposed to attract the RAF's
fighter into the air for destruction.

Men Dowding took up the challenge.

Almost all the fighters
were thrown into battle.

Most mind-boggling drop
in the day did Ray Holmes

who noticed the low above
the city flew the bomber.

This St. Paul's Cathedral
and Buckingham Palace,

and she flew straight towards them.

I was not going to let him up there.

I got to the end of her
range, about 400 m distance.

I opened fire, but the guns just
naksahtivat. There was no cartridges.

I realized that the only way to stop him

was to break the machine stabilizers.
It looked so weak.

It was like a scale model,
which can not only crush.

I thought that it would violate the
stabilizer wings swing easily.

But I switched off the stabilizer but
to the entire rear of the machine.

This reflects the falling Dornier.

This has a body which lacks the rear.

Rear comes here.

The whole thing fell to
the Victoria Station.

Hit the scene graph saved
Holmes loss last moments.

The Luftwaffe lost 60 aircraft
and RAF exactly half less.

Goering had obviously failed

and two days after Hitler postponed
the invasion until further notice.

Fighting was raging in England
until the end of October.

Germany focused on bombing
the cities at night.

The bombing continued until May 1941.

Hugh Dowding was transferred
after the battle retirement.

Many of the "few", which Dowding
had taken care of so well

were of the opinion that he gained
the recognition it deserves.

But he was knighted in 1943 "Baron
Dowding of Bentley Priory."

During yöpommitusten fighters
had to develop new tactics.

They were based on new radar
installed on the machine use.

They were installed in Blenheim
and Bristol Beaufighter faster.

Beaufighter was designed nightfighters

but it was also used for escorting
fighters, and rynnäkkökoneena.

Even faster Mosquito began in
1942 to use nightfighters.

Finding and destruction of the bombers,

requiring the pilot and the use of
radar orienteer close cooperation.

At two o'clock.
Distance is now 240 meters.

Approaching about 8 km / h.

Try to look at with binoculars. It is
the direction of 50 o'clock together.

We are directly below it.
I can see it now.

Sholto Douglas, the previous
war reconnaissance pilot

Dowding came to replace the
RAF's fighter commander.

Douglas felt it was time
to go on the offensive.

The fighters carried out in
Europe two types of operations:

"Rhubarb" meant attacks
by small compartments

and "circus" day bombing
fighter planes protected by.

Douglas no secret of its objectives.

He wanted to lure the German fighter
planes in the air in northern France

and destroy the air combat.

Operations were to occur rarely
in the first half of 1941.

The losses of the parties were equal.

The process accelerated after Germany
invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941

because the Luftwaffe was
to tie the Western Front.

From the East to the West was postponed
and experienced men complementing.

But the operations were very costly.

RAF fighters operating in enemy airspace

and limited the amount of fuel now
turn their air-combat skills.

In addition, the Germans had
access to a brand new machine:

Focke Wulf FW 190.

It was much better than
the RAF's Spitfire 2.

Douglas Bader explains
how the FW 190 was won.

Manufactured by putting
powerful engine Spitfire

and the model was given
the name Spitfire 9.

9 Spitfire was the best war
machine, much better than the 190.

Bader, having a foot
prostheses, and 22 drops

liked is itself invincible.

But the battle of the flight Lille
in northern France 9.8 above. 1941

FW 190 shot him down.

Bader jumped and stayed in
German ace Adolf Galland's house

before he was forced to imprisonment
for the remainder of the war.

RAF fighters supported the
Soviets by increasing attacks.

Losses were again heavy

especially the failed Dieppe landings 1942

when the Canadian troops tried to
take over the French port city.

RAF hoped inducing the
Germans substantial losses

but the Luftwaffe dropped twice
as many machines as lost.

Landing craft rescued part of the pilots.

In the spring of 1943 began
to plan a landing in France.

Several fighter squadrons
had already invested abroad

and now the whole organization was changed.

2. squadrons attached to tactical air army

which was to provide air support
to allied countries rise.

The remaining squadrons named after
the British ilmapuolustusarmeijaksi.

Each set of compartments commanded
by Sir Trafford Leigh Mallory.

The tactical air army continued its
offensive operations in France.

Air Defence Army focused only on defense.

It gathered intelligence machines
that spied landing preparations.

It also had to fend off
fast bombers bombers.

Its tasks were not the same luster
as a fighter in the Air Force

but the men were soon a
new battle in England.

The Germans started a new wave of bombings.

In early summer 1944

"Wonder weapons" to help
Hitler win the war believed

were ready for service.

One of them was the V1 rocket bomb.

It had a 800-kilo warhead, and
it flew almost 650 km / h.

The Allies had known from
V1 to for over a year.

Research Center Peenemünde
was bombed in August 1943,

and the project was delayed
for several months.

Also in northern France
built launch pads bombed.

But it was not enough.

13.6. 1944, a week after
the Normandy landings

Towards England launched the first V1's.

Air defense had to quickly come
up with a way to combat the V1's.

The fighters were sent as soon as
you approach the V1's were found

and pilots quickly learn to lose them.

Roland Beamont says, which means
other V1 could be stopped.

We came up by chance another way.

V1 was able to pull down
the fighter wing tip.

I tried it when I emptied my gun in one V1

and I noticed a second, which I
decided to do something about it.

Machine wing tip had to get a V1
under the wing but did not catch it.

The machine is then raised wings

wherein the air flow is changed
and V1 gyroskooppiohjaus snapped.

The RAF's first jet was also a
powerful weapon V1: the Return key.

Gloster Meteor was the service
introduced on 12 July.

Meteor was no faster than V1

but it could rise so quickly
that the fight easier.

South Coast were brought in
addition to anti-aircraft guns

to destroy the V1's before
they reached the hinterland.

V1 attacks in southern England
continued until March 1945

but the tip of the sharpest attacks have
already bottomed out in September 1944.

But Hitler had another ihmease: V2 missile.

It had a 1000 kilogram warhead,
and it reached 5500 km / h speed.

The first of them was hit in
England on 9 September 1944.

Air Defence were beyond its control

because of this the first ballistic
missile flew too high and hard.

Propagate troops had destroyed
the V1 launching pads of GMOs

but the V2 T launched
from mobile platforms.

Only attacks on oil transport and
communication links with the

made at the end of V2 attacks.

15.9. 1945 marked the five
years the RAF's great battle

that spoiled Hitler's invasion plans.

A group of veterans met the
RAF's North Wealdin base.

One of them was Douglas Bader.

Hugh Dowding, who commanded
the fighters decisive days

also came to visit wards.

Pilots increased their PCs and
flew over a war-torn London

At the top of the machine armada: 300 RAF.

It was an appropriate way to celebrate
the end of the war and "the few"

which accounted for a decisive
"British uljaimpana moment".

Bader summed up many years later, the
spirit of a fighter the Air Force:

Togetherness was wonderful.

After considers them now,
they are old old men

but they were then young,
happy and carefree.

Although the RAF no longer
separate fighter air forces

modern jet aircraft pilots try to
be as good as its predecessors.

Warriors Hurricane and Spitfire

ensured that the United Kingdom continued
to struggle against the Nazis.

Translated by: Kai Laine www.sdi media.com