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When you hear the word computer,
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maybe you think
of something like
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a beefy gaming desktop
with flashing lights.
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Or maybe you think of a
slim and sleek laptop.
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These fancy devices
aren't what people
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had in mind when computers
were first created.
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To put it simply, a computer
is a device that stores
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and processes data by
performing calculations.
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Before we had actual
computer devices,
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the term computer was used to
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refer to someone who actually
did the calculation.
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You're probably thinking
that's crazy talk.
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My computer lets me
check social media,
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browse the Internet,
design graphics.
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How can it possibly just
perform calculations?
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Well, friends, in this course,
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we'll be learning how
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computer calculations are
baked into applications,
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social media games, etc,
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all the things that
you use every day.
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But to kick things off,
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we'll learn about the
journey computers took from
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the earliest known forms of
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computing into the devices
that you know and love today.
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In the world of
technology and if I'm
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getting really
philosophical in life,
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it is important to know
where we've been in
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order to understand where we
are and where we're going.
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Historical context can help you
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understand why things work
the way they do today.
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Have you ever wondered
why the alphabet
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isn't laid out in order
on your keyboard?
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The keyboard layout
that most of the world
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uses today is the Cordelia,
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distinguished by the Q-W-E-R-T-Y
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keys in the top row
of the keyboard.
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The most common letters that
you type aren't found on
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the home row where your
fingers sit the most.
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But why? There are
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many stories that claim
to answer this question.
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Some say it was developed
to slow down type is so
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they wouldn't jam old
mechanical typewriters.
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Others claim it was
meant to resolve
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problem for telegraph operators.
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One thing is for sure
the keyboard layout that
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millions of people use
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today isn't the
most effective one.
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Different keyboard
layouts have even
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been created to try and
make typing more efficient.
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Now that we're
starting to live in
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a mobile centric world
with our smartphones,
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the landscape for keyboards
may change completely.
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My typing fingers are crossed.
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And the technology industry,
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having a little contexts
can go a long way to
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making sense of the concepts
you will encounter.
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By the end of this lesson,
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you'll be able to
identify some of
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the most major advances
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in the early history
of computers.
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Do you know what an abacus is?
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It looks like a wooden toy
that a child would play with.
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But it's actually one of the
earliest known computers.
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It was invented in 500 BC
to count large numbers.
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While we have calculators like
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the old reliable TI 89 or
the ones in our computers.
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The abacus is actually
still used today.
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Over the centuries, humans
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built more advanced
counting tools,
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but they still
require a human to
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manually perform
the calculations.
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The first major step forward
was the invention of
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the mechanical calculator in
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the 17th century
by Blaise Pascal.
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This device uses a series
of gears and levers to
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perform calculations for
the user automatically.
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While it was limited to
addition, subtraction,
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multiplication, and division
for pretty small numbers.
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It paved the way for
more complex machines.
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The fundamental operations of
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the mechanical
calculator relater
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apply to the textile industry.
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Before we had streamline
manufacturing
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looms we're used to we've
yarn into a fabric.
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If you want to design
patterns on your fabric.
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That took an incredible
amount of manual work.
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In the 1800s, a
man by the name of
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Joseph Jacquard invented
a programmable loom.
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These looms took a sequence
of cards with holes in them.
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When the loom
encountered a hole,
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it would hook to
thread underneath it.
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If it did or encounter a whole,
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the hook wouldn't
thread anything.
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Eventually the spun up a
design pattern on the fabric.
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These cards were
known as punch cards.
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While Mr. Jacquard reinvented
the textile industry,
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he probably didn't realize
that his invention would
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shape the world of computing
and the world itself today.
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Pretty epic, Mr.
Jacquard, pretty epic.
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Let's fast forward a
few decades and meet
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a man by the name
of Charles Babbage.
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Babbage was a
gifted engineer who
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developed a series of
machines that are now
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known as the greatest
breakthrough
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on our way to the
modern computer.
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He built what was called
a difference engine.
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It was a very sophisticated
version of some
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of the mechanical calculators
we were just talking about.
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It could perform fairly
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complicated mathematical
operations,
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but not much else.
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Babbage's follow-up to
the difference engine
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was a machine he called
the analytical engine.
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He was inspired about Jacquard,
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use of punchcards to
automatically perform
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calculations instead of
manually entering them by hand.
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Babbage use punch cards and
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his analytical engine to allow
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people to pre-define a series
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of calculations they
want it to perform.
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As impressive as this
achievement was,
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the analytical engine was still
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just a very advanced
mechanical calculator.
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It took the powerful insights
of a mathematician named
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Ada Lovelace to realize
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the true potential of
the analytical engine.
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She was the first person to
recognize that the machine
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could be used for more
than pure calculations.
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She developed the first
algorithm for the engine.
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It was the very first example
of computer programming.
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Algorithm is just a series of
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steps that solve
specific problems.
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Because of Lovelace's discovery,
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the algorithms could be
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programmed into the
analytical engine.
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It became the very first general
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purpose computing
machine in history.
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A great example that
women have had some of
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the most valuable Mines and
Technology since the 1800s.11033
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