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Fleur de Lampaul
Young sailor reporters
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00:00:09,275 --> 00:00:12,980
Subtitles by
Oliver Sanderson
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00:00:14,086 --> 00:00:17,260
The dreams of childhood can
lead to the ends of the earth.
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00:00:17,360 --> 00:00:20,516
For one school year,
aboard the Fleur de Lampaul,
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00:00:20,640 --> 00:00:23,678
nine children go to the school
of nature and mankind.
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00:00:23,838 --> 00:00:26,644
They explore the Amazon
rainforest and coral reefs,
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00:00:26,744 --> 00:00:29,244
become friends of the
whales and Indians.
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00:00:29,344 --> 00:00:31,480
A journey to the end of their dreams,
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00:00:31,481 --> 00:00:33,281
to discover themselves.
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00:00:33,342 --> 00:00:35,586
To share their emotions,
these young sailor reporters...
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produced certain sequences
of the film themselves.
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00:00:38,685 --> 00:00:40,762
A logbook in pictures.
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00:00:40,763 --> 00:00:42,775
Their child's perspective on the world.
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00:00:45,836 --> 00:00:48,537
SILVER BANK
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It's five months since
Fleur de Lampaul left France.
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00:00:55,135 --> 00:00:56,906
We spent Autumn
in French Guiana,
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00:00:57,007 --> 00:01:00,107
then we returned to celebrate
Christmas with our families.
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00:01:00,348 --> 00:01:04,712
Today in France, our friends return
to school for their second term,
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00:01:04,812 --> 00:01:07,777
but us, we've been at sea
for eight days already,
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00:01:07,877 --> 00:01:10,642
and South America
is far in our wake.
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A new kitten has joined the crew.
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It's called Ipoc ,that means,
"all's well", in Wayana.
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We sail towards the
Turks and Caicos Islands,
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to study marine mammals there.
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00:01:41,105 --> 00:01:45,181
Anne Collet, director of the National
Centre for the Study of Marine mammals,
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00:01:45,281 --> 00:01:47,776
joined us in Providenciales.
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With her, we'll try to meet Jojo,
a dolphin ambassador.
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Jojo has a friend, Dean Barnal,
a young American.
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How long ago was he discovered?
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Jojo is a free dolphin who
seeks the company of people.
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There are only a few
like this in the world.
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They're called dolphin ambassador,
but why do they behave like this?
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00:02:52,749 --> 00:02:57,447
It's funny because he kept
his life of a free dolphin,
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and his life close to people.
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It's a wild dolphin,
a free dolphin,
37
00:03:02,942 --> 00:03:07,042
but has effectively kept a
favourable relationship with man.
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Since ancient times, some dolphins
honour people by their friendship.
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00:03:11,845 --> 00:03:15,413
During shipwrecks, dolphins
sometimes save drowning sailors.
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00:03:15,513 --> 00:03:19,763
These mammals, our distant cousins,
have a predilection for children.
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We also dream of
getting close to Jojo.
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But where is he today?
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In a shallow bay,
surrounded by deserted islands,
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we spot a group
of 12 dolphins.
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00:03:38,121 --> 00:03:41,277
They've come to deliver their
young in these sheltered waters.
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These animals have a highly
developed social structure.
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00:03:44,656 --> 00:03:47,223
The males place themselves
between us and the young.
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00:03:47,323 --> 00:03:50,301
These are Bottlenose dolphins,
"Tursiops truncatus".
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The species of Jojo.
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00:04:04,660 --> 00:04:08,105
A dolphin approaches us.
He swims without fear beside us.
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It's him, Jojo,
the friend of man.
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00:04:20,245 --> 00:04:22,705
Dean has another
surprise in store for us.
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00:04:22,805 --> 00:04:27,869
On a desert island, live the last
descendants of dinosaurs, iguanas.
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00:04:28,169 --> 00:04:30,843
They've disappeared almost
everywhere in the Caribbean,
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00:04:30,944 --> 00:04:34,144
hunted by men and their pets.
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00:04:34,674 --> 00:04:39,574
These iguanas are protected by the
Turks and Caicos government.
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00:04:41,721 --> 00:04:44,069
Conscious of its ecological reserves,
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00:04:44,169 --> 00:04:47,580
this small British colony has
created many nature reserves,
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so many refuges for the animals.
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Iguanas have ceased
to fear people.
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You want some too...
Come on.
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Like that, it's good, eh.
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Once again we hoist the sails.
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Fleur de Lampaul will set sail
for the Silver Bank,
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00:05:34,914 --> 00:05:38,182
one of the most exciting
stages of our long journey.
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At Silver Bank thousands of
humpback whales gather every year.
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Anne Collet will lead a study
with us on these whales.
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One... two... three...
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00:05:55,491 --> 00:05:57,123
The trade winds blow strong.
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00:05:57,223 --> 00:06:00,628
We're heading at great speed
towards the Silver Bank.
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00:06:00,728 --> 00:06:04,005
Nothing indicates this vast coral
plateau situated on the open sea,
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00:06:04,106 --> 00:06:06,306
north of the Dominican Republic.
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00:06:06,471 --> 00:06:08,258
A hazard for ships.
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00:06:08,358 --> 00:06:12,358
We calculate our route to
get there after the sunrise.
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00:06:19,668 --> 00:06:22,351
The depth sounder indicates
20-30 metres of water.
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We arrive at Silver Bank and already
the first whales are in sight.
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There's one.
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00:06:36,307 --> 00:06:41,982
It's quite far away.
It's 250 metres more or less...
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00:06:44,996 --> 00:06:46,898
We must tell those
in the kitchen.
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00:06:47,582 --> 00:06:51,182
You can see the tail fin, they
strike with their fins like that...
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00:07:02,263 --> 00:07:06,684
Here is Anne who's
just seen a whale,
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00:07:06,784 --> 00:07:11,047
and so we're going to
try to find it and see it.
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00:07:11,147 --> 00:07:13,285
I was brushing my teeth...
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00:07:13,385 --> 00:07:17,885
when I heard the bell
for cetaceans,
85
00:07:18,391 --> 00:07:22,515
and so we're trying to
see if there's a whale.
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00:07:22,615 --> 00:07:25,415
We can see them...
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00:07:26,512 --> 00:07:28,212
There's two of them.
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00:07:31,645 --> 00:07:33,445
What does it mean
when they do that?
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00:07:34,632 --> 00:07:38,936
They frolic, they play games,
which may be sexual games,
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00:07:39,037 --> 00:07:42,537
it could be a lot of things.
They're obviously excited.
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00:07:42,755 --> 00:07:47,190
The Humpback whales gather each Spring
on the Silver Bank to spawn there.
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00:07:47,390 --> 00:07:51,788
The shallow waters mitigate the ocean
swell which would hamper the young.
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00:07:53,665 --> 00:07:55,436
They're having a lot of fun.
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Watch out.
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00:07:59,304 --> 00:08:00,504
Yeah.
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00:08:01,548 --> 00:08:08,250
This is quite impressive because
they're much closer to the ship,
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00:08:08,479 --> 00:08:11,541
and then they jump a lot.
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00:08:11,641 --> 00:08:15,424
Of all the whales, humpbacks
are the most playful,
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00:08:15,524 --> 00:08:18,602
and today they're
giving us a real display,
100
00:08:18,703 --> 00:08:21,703
where jumps alternate
with fins stiking the sea.
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00:08:21,804 --> 00:08:23,304
Brilliant, it's great.
102
00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:25,760
This is the first time we've
managed to get so close.
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00:08:25,860 --> 00:08:28,960
Just now she said hello to us,
it was so cute.
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00:08:29,066 --> 00:08:32,167
This really is superb.
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00:08:33,330 --> 00:08:36,185
We contemplate one of the
most spectacular shows...
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00:08:36,286 --> 00:08:38,186
that the sea has to offer,
107
00:08:38,224 --> 00:08:41,824
the love play of humpback whales.
108
00:09:09,150 --> 00:09:11,135
We have waited too long in
the company of the whales,
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00:09:11,236 --> 00:09:15,036
and the sun low on the horizon prevents
us from distinguishing the coral outcrops,
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the reefs which lie
just beneath the surface.
111
00:09:18,235 --> 00:09:20,745
We must quickly find an
anchorage for the night.
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00:09:20,845 --> 00:09:23,045
It looks okay here.
113
00:09:23,401 --> 00:09:24,149
OK.
114
00:09:24,249 --> 00:09:26,917
You should stop the boat, because
we continue to move forward,
115
00:09:27,018 --> 00:09:30,318
and there's one to starboard
and one to port.
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00:09:30,411 --> 00:09:33,689
That looks good, it's pretty clear
around so I think we'll anchor here.
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00:09:33,989 --> 00:09:35,585
Good, we'll anchor here.
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00:09:35,891 --> 00:09:37,786
As soon as Fleur is anchored,
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00:09:37,886 --> 00:09:41,143
we meet in the wardroom where
Anne gives us a little lecture.
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00:09:41,243 --> 00:09:44,816
For reasons somewhat complicated
to do with physics and oceanography,
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the warm seas are not
very productive,
122
00:09:46,618 --> 00:09:48,418
there's almost nothing
to eat in it.
123
00:09:48,437 --> 00:09:51,451
So the whales need to
find a great deal of food,
124
00:09:51,552 --> 00:09:52,952
and that's always
found in cold seas.
125
00:09:52,981 --> 00:09:55,249
This is the reason why
the whales migrate.
126
00:09:55,349 --> 00:09:56,955
So they spend the summer...
127
00:09:57,056 --> 00:10:02,325
where the weather conditions
are not too difficult in cold seas,
128
00:10:02,360 --> 00:10:05,238
and the opposite in winter, so at this
moment for us in the northern hemisphere,
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00:10:05,439 --> 00:10:07,939
they go into the warm
waters to breed.
130
00:10:08,035 --> 00:10:09,567
So when the whales
arrive in warm seas,
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00:10:09,668 --> 00:10:12,168
they have a thick layer
of blubber like this.
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00:10:12,318 --> 00:10:15,216
First, it's a thermal insulator,
but it's also a fat reserve.
133
00:10:15,316 --> 00:10:20,388
And then for 3 months and sometimes
6 months, they'll eat almost nothing.
134
00:10:20,588 --> 00:10:23,062
The blue whale, the largest
whale, is the longest.
135
00:10:23,162 --> 00:10:29,262
So a female is about 30 metres long,
it's big in comparison with Fleur.
136
00:10:29,907 --> 00:10:33,407
It's young at birth
will be 7 m. long,
137
00:10:33,531 --> 00:10:38,425
and every day his mother
gives him 500 litres of milk,
138
00:10:38,525 --> 00:10:42,225
and the young, every day,
will grow by 100 Kilos.
139
00:10:42,968 --> 00:10:45,124
A quintal more every day.
140
00:10:46,124 --> 00:10:47,424
Wow.
141
00:10:48,836 --> 00:10:51,914
The next day the weather
is gray and rainy.
142
00:10:52,014 --> 00:10:56,114
Impossible under these conditions
to risk Fleur between coral reefs.
143
00:10:56,963 --> 00:10:59,557
We decide to launch
our small lugger,
144
00:10:59,657 --> 00:11:01,478
Fleur de Lampaul's dinghy,
145
00:11:01,578 --> 00:11:04,230
to explore the wreck
of the Poligleny,
146
00:11:04,330 --> 00:11:08,628
a Greek cargo ship which
sank here 20 years ago.
147
00:11:37,337 --> 00:11:38,839
Shall we go and see?
148
00:11:45,451 --> 00:11:49,609
Here, the coral outcrops which
lie just below the surface,
149
00:11:49,709 --> 00:11:52,447
are real hazards for ships.
150
00:11:52,547 --> 00:11:55,811
For thousands of sailors,
the journey ended here.
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00:11:56,011 --> 00:12:00,101
Spanish galleons loaded with gold and
silver stolen from the American Indians,
152
00:12:00,201 --> 00:12:03,155
broke on the Bank
during stormy nights.
153
00:12:03,255 --> 00:12:06,655
It was them who gave
their name to Silver Bank.
154
00:12:09,535 --> 00:12:12,910
Whales were also the object
of greed for Westerners.
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00:12:13,010 --> 00:12:17,122
The whalers came to cast anchor here
where awaited them easy prey.
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00:12:17,422 --> 00:12:21,501
Over hunted, humpback whales were led,
in the middle of this century,
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00:12:21,602 --> 00:12:24,102
to the verge of extinction.
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00:12:32,340 --> 00:12:36,101
Today, hulls of galleons,
cannons, gold coins,
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00:12:36,202 --> 00:12:39,402
have disappeared under the coral
which has covered everything.
160
00:12:39,462 --> 00:12:43,424
But for the whales, Silver Bank
has become a sanctuary.
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00:12:43,524 --> 00:12:47,884
Now protected, their number
increases steadily.
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00:12:48,084 --> 00:12:51,002
Have men finally
acquired a new wisdom,
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00:12:51,102 --> 00:12:56,204
where the beauty and integrity of
nature is the most precious treasure?
164
00:13:06,916 --> 00:13:09,716
SONG OF THE WHALES
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00:13:10,905 --> 00:13:14,771
Fleur de Lampaul is anchored on the
Silver Bank to study humpback whales.
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00:13:14,871 --> 00:13:18,681
Her crew, accompanied by marine mammal
biologist Anne Collet go to meet them.
167
00:13:18,781 --> 00:13:19,917
Are you going like that?
168
00:13:20,017 --> 00:13:23,017
I have my jacket and
sweater in the boat.
169
00:13:23,277 --> 00:13:24,877
It's a bit warm.
170
00:13:32,535 --> 00:13:34,905
We soon spot two whales.
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00:13:35,005 --> 00:13:39,153
They don't seem at all scared by
the lugger, our little sailboat.
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00:13:39,253 --> 00:13:43,331
One of the whales approaches us
and dives just under the lugger.
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00:13:43,431 --> 00:13:47,931
For the first time in our lives,
we're going to swim with a whale.
174
00:13:55,613 --> 00:13:58,111
There's a large beast there,
just behind us...
175
00:14:03,383 --> 00:14:04,513
But the water is murky,
176
00:14:04,614 --> 00:14:07,614
and the whale swims on the sandy
bottom, 30 meters below us.
177
00:14:07,704 --> 00:14:10,104
We're unable to follow it.
178
00:14:15,057 --> 00:14:17,715
Already you're a little scared
because you tell yourself...
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00:14:17,816 --> 00:14:19,916
it's huge compared to me,
180
00:14:20,002 --> 00:14:22,466
and in an instant it can give me a
blow with it's tail without me knowing,
181
00:14:22,567 --> 00:14:27,767
but at the same time you want to
see it because it seems so peaceful.
182
00:14:28,348 --> 00:14:31,104
For several days, we observe
the humpback whales.
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00:14:31,204 --> 00:14:34,700
Every evening, Anne tells us
what we haven't noticed.
184
00:14:34,801 --> 00:14:38,801
If whales clearly show their belly,
you can recognise what sex they are,
185
00:14:38,902 --> 00:14:40,502
if it's a male or female.
186
00:14:40,638 --> 00:14:43,709
On the female, we see
a large slit in the middle,
187
00:14:43,809 --> 00:14:46,170
and on each side there
are two tiny slits.
188
00:14:46,270 --> 00:14:49,190
The two tiny slits are
called the mammary slits,
189
00:14:49,291 --> 00:14:51,791
It's inside that the
nipple is hidden,
190
00:14:51,889 --> 00:14:55,189
for better hydrodynamics,
and the big slit, it...
191
00:14:55,290 --> 00:14:59,790
it hides the anal orifice and then
the genital orifice with the vagina.
192
00:14:59,832 --> 00:15:01,412
However in males,
193
00:15:01,512 --> 00:15:04,174
we see two slits directly
in line with the stomach,
194
00:15:04,275 --> 00:15:08,875
one is the anus and the other
is the orifice of the penis,
195
00:15:08,899 --> 00:15:10,351
it's a bit like a zipper.
196
00:15:10,451 --> 00:15:13,969
For better hydrodynamics,
the penis is hidden in the belly.
197
00:15:14,069 --> 00:15:16,854
And when the whale is
flirting and amorous,
198
00:15:16,955 --> 00:15:19,086
well at that time, you can
see his penis come out.
199
00:15:19,187 --> 00:15:20,916
Did you see that by chance today?
-Yes,
200
00:15:20,951 --> 00:15:24,181
it was quite big
and it hung down,
201
00:15:24,282 --> 00:15:28,982
it was a bit pointed, it hung down,
and it was a bit brownish pink...
202
00:15:29,125 --> 00:15:32,898
Yes, these whales are on
their breeding grounds,
203
00:15:32,999 --> 00:15:38,299
so they're flirting, so we have all
the love play of the new whales.
204
00:15:39,106 --> 00:15:42,053
The next day, the weather is better,
we decide to raise the anchor.
205
00:15:42,253 --> 00:15:47,057
And first, like every morning, after the
sailors get washed, we must do the ship.
206
00:15:47,307 --> 00:15:51,205
We must always work, in fact, we're
exploited children, as you can see...
207
00:15:55,454 --> 00:15:58,804
This morning, the coral reefs of the
Silver Bank gives us a nasty surprise,
208
00:15:58,905 --> 00:16:01,458
it's impossible to raise the anchor.
209
00:16:01,594 --> 00:16:04,468
The anchor weighs 150 kg
and the chain weighs 1 tonne,
210
00:16:04,568 --> 00:16:08,268
so when on top of that, it's wedged at
the bottom, it's very difficult to raise.
211
00:16:09,306 --> 00:16:12,906
An outcrop at 600 m, at 1:30.
212
00:16:24,517 --> 00:16:27,515
This dangerous manoeuvre
takes us all morning.
213
00:16:27,841 --> 00:16:30,941
In the distance, the whales
jump as if to call us.
214
00:16:36,027 --> 00:16:40,391
The anchor finally raised,
we still have to hoist the mainsail.
215
00:16:40,591 --> 00:16:42,963
Once again, Fleur comes
through it without trouble.
216
00:16:43,063 --> 00:16:44,716
At sea, we must be
very vigilant,
217
00:16:44,817 --> 00:16:47,617
especially when we sail in
the most remote regions,
218
00:16:47,696 --> 00:16:50,277
in order to protect the crew
from any accident.
219
00:16:50,377 --> 00:16:54,077
At noon, we finally begin our study.
220
00:16:55,427 --> 00:16:58,427
Now we're going to do
a count of the whales.
221
00:16:58,565 --> 00:17:00,588
And I have to look...
222
00:17:00,688 --> 00:17:03,347
I have to look at 30°, right?
-Yes.
223
00:17:03,448 --> 00:17:07,048
In fact we do it in two teams,
one to port and one to starboard,
224
00:17:07,152 --> 00:17:12,432
and every time we see something,
we mark the time,
225
00:17:12,532 --> 00:17:14,622
mark how many there are of them.
226
00:17:14,723 --> 00:17:17,123
All this to know roughly
how many there are.
227
00:17:17,243 --> 00:17:22,087
Guided by Anne, we're engaged in the
work of photo-identification of whales.
228
00:17:22,187 --> 00:17:27,700
The dorsal fin and tail of each
humpback whale is unique.
229
00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:32,828
By photographing them, we develop a
form of identification for each individual.
230
00:17:32,928 --> 00:17:35,371
The data is centralised at
the international level...
231
00:17:35,472 --> 00:17:39,572
allowing scientists to track
humpback whales in their migration,
232
00:17:39,673 --> 00:17:41,773
and to study their reproduction.
233
00:17:41,843 --> 00:17:45,056
Humpback whales are the
best known whales today.
234
00:17:45,156 --> 00:17:47,156
And what's that?
235
00:17:47,406 --> 00:17:51,002
I think there's one,
but it's not clear.
236
00:17:51,128 --> 00:17:53,555
And the distance, it's about...
237
00:17:53,655 --> 00:17:56,389
So, how many shall I put?
238
00:17:56,489 --> 00:18:00,487
For an hour, a group of several
whales remain close to Fleur.
239
00:18:00,687 --> 00:18:02,889
We identified every individual.
240
00:18:02,989 --> 00:18:04,962
Several males courting a female.
241
00:18:05,162 --> 00:18:07,441
A team prepares to dive.
242
00:18:07,541 --> 00:18:12,241
We all dream to observe underwater,
the love ballet of the humpback.
243
00:18:27,695 --> 00:18:29,971
The whales keep their distance.
244
00:18:30,071 --> 00:18:31,951
We can barely distinguish them,
245
00:18:32,052 --> 00:18:36,252
in the water loaded with sediment
by bad weather in recent days.
246
00:18:36,641 --> 00:18:40,941
Some casual strokes of the tail are
enough for the whales to outdistance us.
247
00:18:53,796 --> 00:18:55,122
Hey, that was great,
248
00:18:55,222 --> 00:18:57,322
I saw them close up.
249
00:18:58,969 --> 00:19:03,869
Every time I approached them,
they dived and then...
250
00:19:04,334 --> 00:19:06,115
It was very impressive.
251
00:19:06,215 --> 00:19:10,645
A flick of the tail and then it went
down, and in fact there were two.
252
00:19:10,745 --> 00:19:13,271
And you saw it
turned around us.
253
00:19:13,371 --> 00:19:15,921
Did you see when they
touched face to face?
254
00:19:15,922 --> 00:19:17,322
Yes.
255
00:19:20,099 --> 00:19:21,799
And then they left.
256
00:19:23,275 --> 00:19:25,987
Now the whales
return towards us.
257
00:19:26,087 --> 00:19:28,241
Absorbed by their lovemaking,
258
00:19:28,341 --> 00:19:31,841
they seem to have completely
forgotten our presence.
259
00:19:34,545 --> 00:19:36,745
The whales jumping out of the sea,
260
00:19:36,845 --> 00:19:39,705
are the most excited, jump the
highest, the most violent,
261
00:19:39,805 --> 00:19:41,553
and it's me who'll
go to see them...
262
00:19:41,554 --> 00:19:43,654
-And me!
-with François.
263
00:19:43,726 --> 00:19:47,966
We had a little something first
to give us some courage,
264
00:19:48,066 --> 00:19:51,120
and we're excited, look.
265
00:19:51,220 --> 00:19:56,620
Overcoming her fear, Tatiana
decides to take her turn diving.
266
00:20:03,709 --> 00:20:05,709
Wish me luck.
267
00:20:09,016 --> 00:20:11,116
It's cold.
268
00:20:18,001 --> 00:20:19,301
You see it?
269
00:20:19,529 --> 00:20:22,579
This time the magic is complete,
270
00:20:22,679 --> 00:20:26,279
as the giants of the seas accept
our presence alongside them.
271
00:20:26,524 --> 00:20:29,724
The whales swim around us
and come to observe us.
272
00:20:30,126 --> 00:20:33,528
We look at each other,
face to face.
273
00:21:30,124 --> 00:21:32,291
It was extraordinary.
274
00:21:32,391 --> 00:21:33,347
Well, Tatiana?
275
00:21:33,547 --> 00:21:36,485
They were just below us,
there were 3 of them.
276
00:21:36,585 --> 00:21:38,192
It was wonderful, wonderful.
277
00:21:38,292 --> 00:21:40,104
They weren't afraid,
they came to see us.
278
00:21:40,204 --> 00:21:42,987
For a moment we lost them and then
suddenly we saw them near the bottom,
279
00:21:43,187 --> 00:21:46,887
and once there were 3 of them.
The three who came to see us.
280
00:21:47,886 --> 00:21:52,667
And once I dived and then I saw
this giant behind with its tail like this,
281
00:21:52,767 --> 00:21:57,727
and then it turns to look at me,
I saw it's eyes looking at me.
282
00:21:57,827 --> 00:22:00,227
Fabulous. A great moment.
283
00:22:00,485 --> 00:22:02,771
It sounds like "The Big Blue".
284
00:22:02,871 --> 00:22:05,871
It's better than "The Big Blue".
"The Big Blue" was only dolphins.
285
00:22:06,421 --> 00:22:08,092
It's superb, it's great.
286
00:22:08,292 --> 00:22:11,989
A hydrophone allows us to record
the song of the humpback whales.
287
00:22:12,189 --> 00:22:15,395
Of all the whales, it's they
who sing the most.
288
00:22:15,495 --> 00:22:18,277
Their vocalizations can
last half an hour.
289
00:22:18,377 --> 00:22:24,069
Each year all the humpbacks in a region
begin their song by the same notes.
290
00:22:24,169 --> 00:22:28,056
Scientists know little about the
meaning of these amazing sounds.
291
00:22:28,156 --> 00:22:31,180
They think it can carry
over hundreds of km.
292
00:22:31,280 --> 00:22:35,780
Under water, the song of the humpback
seems to penetrate our body.
293
00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:47,240
We must already leave
the Silver Bank.
294
00:22:47,512 --> 00:22:49,812
It seems like a dream.
295
00:22:50,210 --> 00:22:53,210
Did we really swim with whales?
296
00:22:54,880 --> 00:22:57,049
The more courageous of us take
advantage of the crossing...
297
00:22:57,150 --> 00:23:00,508
to write down our observations.
298
00:23:02,378 --> 00:23:06,963
Before leaving Anne, we make a
stopover with her at French Cay,
299
00:23:07,063 --> 00:23:10,263
a small island forgotten
by the rest of the world.
300
00:23:22,749 --> 00:23:25,971
In a few weeks we've become
greatly attached to Anne.
301
00:23:26,071 --> 00:23:30,075
She does her job of marine mammal
biologist with rigour and passion.
302
00:23:30,452 --> 00:23:33,352
We never tire of listening to her.
303
00:23:41,863 --> 00:23:43,604
We've no longer hunted
whales in recent years,
304
00:23:43,705 --> 00:23:46,705
and it's true that the humpback
in particular are increasing.
305
00:23:46,806 --> 00:23:47,806
There are more than before.
306
00:23:47,873 --> 00:23:51,840
But threats have far from
disappeared for whales.
307
00:23:51,940 --> 00:23:53,737
What is the problem today?
308
00:23:53,837 --> 00:23:57,271
Today we realize that the most
important issue is pollution,
309
00:23:57,372 --> 00:23:59,172
because we still deal with
pollution very poorly.
310
00:23:59,202 --> 00:24:01,810
We've become aware that
the sea is very polluted,
311
00:24:01,910 --> 00:24:04,438
and we don't yet know exactly
what effect it can have.
312
00:24:04,538 --> 00:24:05,792
That's why we're very concerned.
313
00:24:05,893 --> 00:24:08,393
The effects that can
actually be measured,
314
00:24:08,494 --> 00:24:09,594
it's quite dramatic.
315
00:24:09,695 --> 00:24:12,295
Several times we've performed
an autopsy on a dolphin,
316
00:24:12,396 --> 00:24:16,096
that died of intestinal obstruction
because he'd eaten plastics bags,
317
00:24:16,203 --> 00:24:18,932
the stomach was full of
sweet wrappers,
318
00:24:19,033 --> 00:24:23,233
chocolate bar packaging
and supermarket bags.
319
00:24:23,332 --> 00:24:27,233
It was very upsetting to see and that
was the reason the dolphin had died.
320
00:24:27,333 --> 00:24:31,586
So it's also important to think about the
problems of pollution and consumption.
321
00:24:31,687 --> 00:24:34,787
We consume too much and we
throw too many things in the sea,
322
00:24:34,852 --> 00:24:39,454
and it's in this way, that today, we
undermine the populations of the sea,
323
00:24:39,555 --> 00:24:42,355
and especially dolphins and whales.
324
00:24:44,554 --> 00:24:47,298
You see on a small island like this
that seems completely untouched,
325
00:24:47,399 --> 00:24:50,099
a sanctuary for birds that
need the sea to feed,
326
00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:52,900
with all these fish that we saw
around, it's extraordinary.
327
00:24:52,986 --> 00:24:56,423
and at the same time we can already
see traces of the passage of people.
328
00:24:56,524 --> 00:24:59,024
We've seen some rubbish
around the island.
329
00:24:59,055 --> 00:25:01,719
So, it's really at the same time
a collective problem,
330
00:25:01,820 --> 00:25:05,320
that's everyone, but everyone
is also each one among us.
331
00:25:05,476 --> 00:25:09,676
And it's up to each one of us to pay
attention every day to what we do to it.
332
00:25:19,106 --> 00:25:23,063
Fleur will now stay 2 months in the
most isolated islands in the Caribbean,
333
00:25:23,164 --> 00:25:26,064
to study the coral reefs.
334
00:25:32,249 --> 00:25:35,251
THE CORAL REEFS
335
00:25:41,022 --> 00:25:44,922
Today begins a new stage of
the Fleur de Lampaul expedition.
336
00:25:45,086 --> 00:25:48,271
After studying the Amazon
rainforest and the whales,
337
00:25:48,371 --> 00:25:53,101
We are anchored in the Turks and
Caicos archipelago, north of Haiti.
338
00:25:53,301 --> 00:25:56,945
A marine biologist, Pierre
Lejeune should join us here.
339
00:25:57,145 --> 00:26:03,253
With him, we'll study the richest
marine ecosystems, the coral reefs.
340
00:26:03,851 --> 00:26:07,751
In the meantime, Pierre
has a morning dive.
341
00:26:14,369 --> 00:26:17,769
When diving for the first
time on a coral reef,
342
00:26:17,869 --> 00:26:21,867
one is dazzled by the richness and
diversity of this environment.
343
00:26:22,465 --> 00:26:26,284
Corals live in colonies that can
achieve very large dimensions.
344
00:26:26,484 --> 00:26:31,337
The Great Barrier Reef in Australia,
is 2000 km long.
345
00:26:31,537 --> 00:26:34,272
The skeletons of corals
living or dead,
346
00:26:34,373 --> 00:26:38,473
serve as support and shelter to
countless marine creatures.
347
00:26:38,671 --> 00:26:43,771
A third of all the world's
fish inhabit coral reefs.
348
00:26:46,876 --> 00:26:49,609
The coral reef is a very
complex living organism.
349
00:26:49,709 --> 00:26:52,392
It grows in shallow tropical seas.
350
00:26:52,492 --> 00:26:54,945
It needs the sun and warmth,
351
00:26:55,046 --> 00:26:59,746
so a depth not exceeding 40m
and water of 18-20° at least.
352
00:26:59,870 --> 00:27:03,570
Ideal conditions for divers too.
353
00:27:19,869 --> 00:27:24,705
Aboard Fleur de Lampaul a morning
passes like any other, studious.
354
00:27:25,040 --> 00:27:29,381
While waiting for lunch, we
finish our write up on whales.
355
00:27:29,581 --> 00:27:35,181
Images Doc and Okapi await them,
to publish them on our return.
356
00:27:35,638 --> 00:27:38,955
The events were still staggering,
swimming with whales.
357
00:27:39,055 --> 00:27:41,639
I find that in the write up,
it doesn't feel so.
358
00:27:41,739 --> 00:27:45,098
-No, but it's true.
-As for Nico, I don't know but...
359
00:27:45,248 --> 00:27:47,546
Well, I'm going to read my essay.
360
00:27:50,792 --> 00:27:53,092
A pearl.
361
00:27:54,484 --> 00:27:55,966
She is there before me.
362
00:27:56,066 --> 00:27:58,533
I have the impression that
she's sleeping, but she's moving.
363
00:27:58,634 --> 00:28:01,134
She senses my presence.
364
00:28:01,917 --> 00:28:05,617
She is beautiful,
lying in this idyllic setting.
365
00:28:05,717 --> 00:28:09,991
And it's thanks to
its pectoral fins...
366
00:28:10,026 --> 00:28:13,604
that it can be distinguished in
the turquoise of the ocean.
367
00:28:13,661 --> 00:28:14,907
In the turquoise water...
368
00:28:15,007 --> 00:28:17,507
No, in the turquoise
water of the ocean.
369
00:28:18,425 --> 00:28:20,178
You don't say it with feeling...
370
00:28:20,278 --> 00:28:23,778
Ok, this time with feeling.
371
00:28:27,519 --> 00:28:29,319
She's beautiful...
372
00:28:31,045 --> 00:28:32,666
Go on, go on.
373
00:28:32,966 --> 00:28:34,608
Hang on, hang on.
374
00:28:34,708 --> 00:28:37,190
Go ahead, dare, dare,
Go on.
375
00:28:37,290 --> 00:28:40,939
Lying in this idyllic setting,
I'd like to approach her, touch her.
376
00:28:41,039 --> 00:28:43,637
But how will she react,
-oh, oh, oh.
377
00:28:43,638 --> 00:28:47,359
She hears us approaching,
she greets us.
378
00:28:47,657 --> 00:28:50,040
The humpback whale,
this giant of the seas has moved.
379
00:28:50,140 --> 00:28:54,040
It's with disconcerting agility
that it surges forward.
380
00:29:04,416 --> 00:29:07,056
The boys sleep in the forecabin.
381
00:29:07,156 --> 00:29:13,456
This is my bunk and
this is where I sleep.
382
00:29:13,714 --> 00:29:16,114
And here, I have my stuff.
383
00:29:17,066 --> 00:29:18,313
Oh, you shouldn't show this.
384
00:29:18,413 --> 00:29:21,477
This is my cuddly toy.
385
00:29:21,577 --> 00:29:23,977
This is my diary.
386
00:29:25,283 --> 00:29:26,878
Sometimes I sleep with it.
387
00:29:26,978 --> 00:29:29,178
This is my wallet.
388
00:29:32,432 --> 00:29:34,628
This is my last packet.
389
00:29:34,833 --> 00:29:37,627
I try to eat them slowly.
390
00:29:37,727 --> 00:29:39,313
Oh, sorry.
391
00:29:39,413 --> 00:29:42,413
This isn't practical
in a bunk like this.
392
00:29:42,763 --> 00:29:44,265
Ouch.
393
00:29:54,598 --> 00:29:57,460
We set sail,
heading towards West Caicos,
394
00:29:57,495 --> 00:30:01,037
a large desert island, reputed
for the beauty of its coral.
395
00:30:01,693 --> 00:30:04,511
Pierre Lejeune,
the biologist has arrived.
396
00:30:04,611 --> 00:30:07,311
He's already preparing
his experiments.
397
00:30:07,676 --> 00:30:13,115
So for position number 1,
it's course 279,
398
00:30:13,885 --> 00:30:18,713
for position number 2,
it'll be a heading of 262,
399
00:30:18,813 --> 00:30:24,717
and for the last one,
it will be as far as 216.
400
00:30:24,725 --> 00:30:26,690
Today, the skipper is Nicolas.
401
00:30:26,790 --> 00:30:29,555
In order to properly learn
the secrets of navigation,
402
00:30:29,655 --> 00:30:32,137
every young person is responsible
for the ship for a day.
403
00:30:32,238 --> 00:30:35,038
-Are you going to the lookout?
-Yeah, okay.
404
00:30:35,276 --> 00:30:38,150
-It's on channel 8.
-OK.
405
00:30:38,335 --> 00:30:41,157
Can you ensure it's on channel 8?
Thank you.
406
00:30:41,658 --> 00:30:43,054
I hope he won't fail us...
407
00:30:43,155 --> 00:30:45,855
because there's a navigation
that isn't obvious, it seems,
408
00:30:45,931 --> 00:30:48,575
since we are weaving
between outcrops of coral,
409
00:30:48,676 --> 00:30:54,176
and on a bottom which is somewhere
between 8m and 1m below Fleur.
410
00:30:54,362 --> 00:30:56,660
But we have confidence in him.
411
00:30:59,439 --> 00:31:00,278
Is it good there?
412
00:31:00,378 --> 00:31:03,378
A little more to port.
413
00:31:03,628 --> 00:31:06,532
Okay, I'm going to head that way.
414
00:31:06,904 --> 00:31:08,282
How's it going?
415
00:31:08,382 --> 00:31:09,690
Tatiana?
416
00:31:09,790 --> 00:31:11,631
-Yes.
-Is it hard to navigate here?
417
00:31:11,831 --> 00:31:13,752
Yes, it's pretty hard
because there are...
418
00:31:13,853 --> 00:31:16,053
outcrops of coral and
we risk running aground.
419
00:31:16,153 --> 00:31:16,641
Ah yes.
420
00:31:16,741 --> 00:31:20,015
So we need someone
in the lookout to watch...
421
00:31:20,116 --> 00:31:22,216
We need to make sure.
422
00:31:22,225 --> 00:31:23,786
Is there somebody
up there all the time?
423
00:31:23,886 --> 00:31:27,586
Yes, during navigation, there's
always someone watching.
424
00:31:31,296 --> 00:31:35,394
Once again, Fleur has
managed to cross the reef.
425
00:31:36,003 --> 00:31:39,099
We encounter a strange
sailboat which asks us for help.
426
00:31:39,299 --> 00:31:41,817
This sailing coaster
comes from Haiti,
427
00:31:41,918 --> 00:31:44,318
one of the poorest
countries in the world.
428
00:31:44,392 --> 00:31:47,669
There, the sailors often don't
have enough to buy a motor,
429
00:31:47,769 --> 00:31:51,427
and when the wind is failing,
the crossing goes on and on.
430
00:31:51,527 --> 00:31:53,530
This is what happened
to this sailboat.
431
00:31:53,630 --> 00:31:56,913
We tow them to a nearby island and
provide them with fresh supplies.
432
00:31:57,013 --> 00:31:59,275
They didn't even have any
drinking water left aboard.
433
00:31:59,375 --> 00:32:03,179
Their meager cargo is rotting
at the bottom of the hold.
434
00:32:18,173 --> 00:32:20,137
The Haitians are devoid
of everything.
435
00:32:20,237 --> 00:32:22,783
They're forced into poverty
by decades of dictatorship,
436
00:32:22,884 --> 00:32:25,284
followed by serious
political crises.
437
00:32:25,418 --> 00:32:28,019
They're very religious people.
438
00:32:43,470 --> 00:32:45,638
We leave the Haitians
near an anchorage.
439
00:32:45,738 --> 00:32:49,842
During the coming weeks, these
sailors will become true friends.
440
00:32:51,129 --> 00:32:53,550
We leave with Pierre
for West Caicos,
441
00:32:53,651 --> 00:32:56,251
looking for a suitable
location for our study.
442
00:32:56,381 --> 00:32:59,550
Pierre is the scientific director
of the oceanographic station...
443
00:32:59,651 --> 00:33:01,151
STARESO in Corsica.
444
00:33:01,257 --> 00:33:03,037
He's a regular visitor
to the reef waters.
445
00:33:03,137 --> 00:33:04,637
Let it go.
446
00:33:13,054 --> 00:33:14,510
This is great.
We'll get into the water,
447
00:33:14,611 --> 00:33:17,311
and we'll see what it
looks like underwater.
448
00:33:17,866 --> 00:33:18,868
Shall we go.
449
00:33:18,968 --> 00:33:22,674
We spot not far from Fleur,
in calm waters near the coast,
450
00:33:22,775 --> 00:33:24,975
a coral outcrop.
451
00:33:25,190 --> 00:33:28,790
It should be an ideal site
for our study.
452
00:33:39,354 --> 00:33:40,742
In the course of the dives,
453
00:33:40,843 --> 00:33:44,843
every creature that inhabits this piece
of reef must become familiar to us.
454
00:33:44,946 --> 00:33:48,873
At the moment, we aren't
yet able to identify them.
455
00:33:48,973 --> 00:33:52,264
Who would believe that this magnificent
seaweed is actually an animal.
456
00:33:52,365 --> 00:33:54,265
A soft coral.
457
00:33:54,340 --> 00:33:57,628
We have everything to discover in
these fabulous underwater gardens,
458
00:33:57,728 --> 00:34:00,728
where every dive is a delight.
459
00:34:24,361 --> 00:34:26,318
Okay Pierre, what are
we going to do now?
460
00:34:26,418 --> 00:34:27,953
Well, listen...
461
00:34:28,054 --> 00:34:30,254
you saw that we discovered
a superb outcrop...
462
00:34:30,366 --> 00:34:32,040
-Yeah.
-on which there are corals to study.
463
00:34:32,141 --> 00:34:33,737
We said we were going
to try to find out,
464
00:34:33,838 --> 00:34:35,638
to understand how
this ecosystem works,
465
00:34:35,702 --> 00:34:37,301
that's the coral reef ecosystem.
466
00:34:37,401 --> 00:34:39,603
And we'll do all sorts
of little experiments,
467
00:34:39,703 --> 00:34:44,103
independently of each other, allowing us
to understand how it works as a whole.
468
00:34:44,160 --> 00:34:46,606
-All that.
-Eh, but we have 3 weeks before us.
469
00:34:46,706 --> 00:34:49,124
-That's great.
-It's fabulous, right? -Yes.
470
00:34:49,278 --> 00:34:52,242
And we'll do all these little
experiments one after the other.
471
00:34:52,460 --> 00:34:53,468
[How to study it?]
472
00:34:53,569 --> 00:34:56,197
[Obj: Get a better understanding
of the ecosystem...]
473
00:34:56,706 --> 00:35:01,304
This evening, we're all excited by
this new adventure that begins.
474
00:35:01,406 --> 00:35:05,406
The study of nature is perhaps one
of the greatest pleasures there is.
475
00:35:05,776 --> 00:35:09,229
This is also an opportunity to
learn how to organize our work.
476
00:35:09,429 --> 00:35:13,467
Don't blame me,
but there's a tiny bit of reef...
477
00:35:13,567 --> 00:35:16,469
it's going to be a little harder.
478
00:35:20,694 --> 00:35:24,194
Modifications to be made
for example to provide...
479
00:35:26,049 --> 00:35:28,545
-So everyone has their areas,
-There we are.
480
00:35:30,007 --> 00:35:33,426
We decide to visit the
coral reef at night.
481
00:35:33,526 --> 00:35:35,516
Not without some trepidation.
482
00:35:35,616 --> 00:35:38,614
It seems that sharks
hunt at night.
483
00:35:42,016 --> 00:35:45,216
A last farewell.
I liked Fleur.
484
00:36:11,774 --> 00:36:15,376
A barracuda prowls in
search of its prey.
485
00:36:43,545 --> 00:36:46,013
The marine night
is dotted with stars.
486
00:36:46,113 --> 00:36:49,013
It's the plankton that
floats close to the surface.
487
00:36:56,918 --> 00:37:01,616
The fish take refuge in the recesses of
the coral to sleep safe from predators.
488
00:37:09,635 --> 00:37:11,631
A small octopus
comes to look at us,
489
00:37:11,732 --> 00:37:14,244
attracted by the
brightness of our torches.
490
00:37:17,316 --> 00:37:20,730
At night, the underwater world
seems even more mysterious.
491
00:37:20,830 --> 00:37:24,705
A lifetime is not enough to
understand all its secrets.
492
00:37:24,805 --> 00:37:28,905
We're going to devote ourselves
fully to our study of the coral.
493
00:37:47,353 --> 00:37:50,053
DISCOVERING THE CORAL
494
00:37:56,011 --> 00:37:58,611
6 o'clock in the morning,
the sun has already risen.
495
00:37:58,811 --> 00:38:02,138
A new day of studying the coral
begins on board Fleur de Lampaul,
496
00:38:02,238 --> 00:38:04,320
anchored off West Caicos.
497
00:38:04,520 --> 00:38:07,143
IPOC, the cat and Emilie take
care of waking the crew.
498
00:38:07,244 --> 00:38:10,544
I'm going to go and wake the
others now for breakfast.
499
00:38:16,337 --> 00:38:21,337
Nicolas, you're awake.
This isn't funny.
500
00:38:30,143 --> 00:38:33,937
As so often, the conversations focus
on the sea and its inhabitants.
501
00:38:34,614 --> 00:38:38,698
Hammerhead sharks, crabs,
sawfish, whales...
502
00:38:38,798 --> 00:38:41,423
-Oh, I know, I dreamt of sharks.
-Me too.
503
00:38:41,887 --> 00:38:44,095
And in fact, I dreamt that
we were above the water,
504
00:38:44,195 --> 00:38:47,889
and then that we were with Pierre and
he said to us: look, there's a shark.
505
00:38:47,989 --> 00:38:52,989
I dive in and just when I dive, he says:
above all don't dive in, but...
506
00:38:53,923 --> 00:38:55,558
On our boat school,
507
00:38:55,659 --> 00:39:00,059
the day begins with a small conference
with Pierre Lejeune, a marine biologist.
508
00:39:00,062 --> 00:39:01,230
...the ocean there...
509
00:39:01,330 --> 00:39:04,229
From the mainland to
the great ocean floor,
510
00:39:04,329 --> 00:39:06,800
you have the island
that lies here,
511
00:39:06,900 --> 00:39:09,934
which is covered with small palm
trees and a little vegetation.
512
00:39:10,134 --> 00:39:12,777
We move away just a little from
the cliff and in certain places,
513
00:39:12,877 --> 00:39:15,637
we find small outcrops
of coral, very pretty,
514
00:39:15,737 --> 00:39:18,805
behind the small coral outcrops,
we have a depth of about 4 m.
515
00:39:18,905 --> 00:39:22,410
and then we have a sandy bottom,
and on this sandy bottom,
516
00:39:22,510 --> 00:39:24,529
a rather interesting fauna...
517
00:39:24,630 --> 00:39:27,468
and already very different from
that which will be near the island.
518
00:39:27,566 --> 00:39:31,405
And here, occurs a sharp change in the
gradient and it falls in a vertical drop,
519
00:39:31,505 --> 00:39:33,058
that's marvellous,
which is wonderful,
520
00:39:33,158 --> 00:39:36,484
a veritable garden which
is covered with corals,
521
00:39:36,584 --> 00:39:41,035
which unfortunately is too deep
for you to go and see it up close.
522
00:39:41,181 --> 00:39:43,337
So I told you that
in an ecosystem,
523
00:39:43,437 --> 00:39:45,220
there are of course
things which are obvious,
524
00:39:45,321 --> 00:39:48,921
those that attract your eyes,
from the outset,
525
00:39:49,036 --> 00:39:51,830
but also other things that
are less obvious to you.
526
00:39:51,930 --> 00:39:56,165
Something that's very important
for this ecosystem is the plankton.
527
00:39:56,365 --> 00:40:00,545
So, the plankton is a
very general term,
528
00:40:00,645 --> 00:40:04,823
which includes all
animals and plants...
529
00:40:04,923 --> 00:40:06,679
which live in the
body of water,
530
00:40:06,779 --> 00:40:09,252
and which allow themselves
to drift with the currents.
531
00:40:09,352 --> 00:40:14,552
We're going to try to capture some
plankton by towing a plankton net.
532
00:40:23,072 --> 00:40:26,146
Meanwhile, Charlotte,
Pierre and Hélène,
533
00:40:26,247 --> 00:40:28,847
observe anything that floats
and drifts near Fleur.
534
00:40:29,034 --> 00:40:31,934
Jellyfish, too, are part
of the plankton.
535
00:40:39,145 --> 00:40:40,299
Let's have a look.
536
00:40:40,399 --> 00:40:44,097
Don't expect there
to be huge quantities.
537
00:40:44,197 --> 00:40:45,997
It's superb.
538
00:40:46,316 --> 00:40:50,096
Oh, yes, oh yes... look,
539
00:40:50,196 --> 00:40:53,353
Watch as it moves in there.
540
00:40:53,453 --> 00:40:55,145
Over thousands of km,
541
00:40:55,245 --> 00:40:58,080
you have water that has the same
composition, the same temperature.
542
00:40:58,180 --> 00:41:00,550
Then you realize the quantity of
tiny creatures which we have.
543
00:41:00,551 --> 00:41:02,551
This time, we trawled for 10 min.
544
00:41:02,578 --> 00:41:06,964
In fact, there's a lot of
plant plankton, obviously,
545
00:41:07,045 --> 00:41:09,801
and I see a piece of algae,
546
00:41:09,901 --> 00:41:14,293
a kind of white piece, I don't know
what it is, we're going to look.
547
00:41:14,393 --> 00:41:15,230
It's all the same.
548
00:41:15,330 --> 00:41:18,456
The basis of life in the seas,
is phytoplankton.
549
00:41:18,556 --> 00:41:21,172
Tiny single-celled algae.
550
00:41:21,272 --> 00:41:23,374
They're at the beginning
of the food chain.
551
00:41:23,475 --> 00:41:27,375
I found a piece of something white,
I don't know what it is.
552
00:41:27,395 --> 00:41:30,395
Maybe it's something interesting?
553
00:41:31,199 --> 00:41:33,397
We'll have a look after this.
554
00:41:33,989 --> 00:41:36,857
I see a kind of small bubble
with a flagellum,
555
00:41:36,957 --> 00:41:39,257
it looks like a sperm cell.
556
00:41:40,105 --> 00:41:42,704
The zooplankton or
animal plankton,
557
00:41:42,804 --> 00:41:45,181
feeds on phytoplankton.
558
00:41:45,281 --> 00:41:50,381
In zooplankton, we mostly find
larvae of fish, crustaceans or coral.
559
00:41:54,641 --> 00:41:58,105
I see lots of little shrimp,
560
00:41:58,205 --> 00:42:02,065
really tiny with a red
eye or a red spot.
561
00:42:02,165 --> 00:42:05,391
We see reflections, we can't
see the shapes clearly, but...
562
00:42:05,491 --> 00:42:08,024
there's a lot of them,
really a lot.
563
00:42:08,124 --> 00:42:10,578
There's a tiny jellyfish.
Come and see.
564
00:42:10,678 --> 00:42:12,992
-Where?
-There.
565
00:42:13,092 --> 00:42:15,590
-Oh, yes.
-There's something like that, there...
566
00:42:16,002 --> 00:42:17,703
We need to look at it.
567
00:42:17,903 --> 00:42:20,700
This small jellyfish
is a coral polyp.
568
00:42:20,800 --> 00:42:25,298
Coral consists of small animals of the
family of jellyfish and sea anemones.
569
00:42:25,398 --> 00:42:27,602
Each polyp secretes a
calcareous skeleton,
570
00:42:27,702 --> 00:42:30,682
a small tower in which
it can take shelter.
571
00:42:30,782 --> 00:42:35,086
Tentacles surround a central mouth
which also serves as an anus.
572
00:42:38,170 --> 00:42:42,928
Polyps come together to form
colonies of very varied forms.
573
00:42:43,028 --> 00:42:47,792
Each polyp is a small mouth that waits
for the currents to bring it its food,
574
00:42:47,892 --> 00:42:49,126
some plankton,
575
00:42:49,227 --> 00:42:53,627
or tiny prey which it captures
with the aid of specialised cells.
576
00:42:53,708 --> 00:42:56,233
These cells, cnidoblastes,
577
00:42:56,234 --> 00:42:59,934
shoot small venomous harpoons
which paralyse the prey.
578
00:43:00,017 --> 00:43:03,819
The tentacles then carry the
food to the central mouth.
579
00:43:04,691 --> 00:43:08,191
Together the polyps form the coral.
580
00:43:13,476 --> 00:43:16,248
It's difficult for us to distinguish
between types of corals,
581
00:43:16,349 --> 00:43:18,349
sponges and algae.
582
00:43:18,403 --> 00:43:21,411
The best known of the corals
are the hard corals.
583
00:43:21,511 --> 00:43:27,711
They can form large colonies such
as the brain coral or pillar coral.
584
00:43:30,911 --> 00:43:33,407
We learn to be wary
of the fire coral.
585
00:43:33,507 --> 00:43:36,111
Its sting is painful.
586
00:43:38,946 --> 00:43:43,304
What we took at first for seaweed
swaying gracefully in the current,
587
00:43:43,404 --> 00:43:47,526
is in fact a soft coral
or gorgonian.
588
00:43:47,746 --> 00:43:51,306
Soft coral doesn't
secrete a rigid skeleton.
589
00:43:51,406 --> 00:43:54,877
Its flexible structure is obtained
by small needles of limestone...
590
00:43:54,878 --> 00:43:57,472
called spicules.
591
00:44:08,365 --> 00:44:10,325
We're going to study
this whole area here.
592
00:44:10,425 --> 00:44:13,056
The length of the outcrop,
it's 400m.
593
00:44:13,256 --> 00:44:15,600
Before that, there's a level where
there's a lot of sponges,
594
00:44:15,701 --> 00:44:17,601
and at the level of
the drop it's 15m.
595
00:44:17,670 --> 00:44:20,479
and then it can go down
up to several hundred metres.
596
00:44:20,679 --> 00:44:23,941
We also learn to distinguish
between different types of reefs.
597
00:44:24,041 --> 00:44:27,425
The reef that we're studying
primarily is a coral outcrop.
598
00:44:27,525 --> 00:44:30,072
A mass isolated
on a sandy bottom.
599
00:44:30,172 --> 00:44:31,773
We divide it into several zones,
600
00:44:31,874 --> 00:44:35,974
and systematically identify all
species of coral that compose it.
601
00:44:43,948 --> 00:44:47,499
Further on, Nicolas and Emilie
dive on a fringing reef.
602
00:44:47,599 --> 00:44:52,799
The fringing reef develops along
the coast in shallow waters.
603
00:44:53,844 --> 00:44:56,842
Gorgonians are abundant there.
604
00:45:01,251 --> 00:45:05,651
A huge block of brain coral
attracts our attention.
605
00:45:09,591 --> 00:45:11,335
Off the coast of the island,
606
00:45:11,436 --> 00:45:15,883
the depth changes
sharply from 15 to 50m,
607
00:45:15,984 --> 00:45:17,784
forming a drop off.
608
00:45:17,911 --> 00:45:21,509
A veritable wall
colonized by the coral.
609
00:45:24,397 --> 00:45:27,183
It's at the drop off that
the diversity is the largest,
610
00:45:27,284 --> 00:45:30,061
and the fish most numerous.
611
00:45:32,560 --> 00:45:35,888
After 2 hours of diving,
we start to feel cold.
612
00:45:35,988 --> 00:45:38,790
It's time to return to Fleur.
613
00:45:39,789 --> 00:45:44,647
After lunch Guenaelle and Hélène
return to West Caicos.
614
00:45:44,747 --> 00:45:46,658
Just to dream...
615
00:45:46,759 --> 00:45:51,261
and immerse themselves completely
in the magic of the coral waters.
616
00:45:59,485 --> 00:46:01,473
I don't think I've ever
felt anything so strong.
617
00:46:01,573 --> 00:46:03,222
I really felt in my element,
618
00:46:03,323 --> 00:46:06,823
in my environment,
as if I'd always been here.
619
00:46:07,108 --> 00:46:09,887
And I really felt at
the origins of my life.
620
00:46:09,987 --> 00:46:12,187
It was really very,
very strong.
621
00:46:31,171 --> 00:46:33,233
When I'm here under the water,
622
00:46:33,333 --> 00:46:36,653
I really have the feeling
of being in my element.
623
00:46:36,753 --> 00:46:40,057
It's pretty weird because...
you can move around,
624
00:46:40,158 --> 00:46:43,258
there's not really any physical
law that holds us back,
625
00:46:43,330 --> 00:46:45,993
we can turn in all directions,
626
00:46:46,093 --> 00:46:50,863
and in fact, each time I have to remind
myself to breathe because I feel so good.
627
00:46:50,963 --> 00:46:54,763
I want to breathe in the water
and remain at the bottom.
628
00:47:06,410 --> 00:47:08,310
Oh, it's hot.
629
00:47:15,102 --> 00:47:17,387
In my opinion, the cloud that's there,
below, is not as small as it looks.
630
00:47:17,487 --> 00:47:21,295
Because it's not close by.
It's several km as we can see,
631
00:47:21,450 --> 00:47:22,956
and at the level of
the waterspout...
632
00:47:23,057 --> 00:47:24,957
there's a colossal energy
which is developed.
633
00:47:25,061 --> 00:47:26,380
By late afternoon,
634
00:47:26,381 --> 00:47:29,981
the sky becomes overcast and
a waterspout threatens Fleur.
635
00:47:30,039 --> 00:47:31,512
It's getting bigger.
636
00:47:31,712 --> 00:47:36,370
This tiny cyclone has winds that
reach hundreds of km/h.
637
00:47:36,470 --> 00:47:37,976
It's superb.
638
00:47:38,225 --> 00:47:42,431
Happy Birthday, our dear Anne.
639
00:47:42,775 --> 00:47:45,274
-Superb, isn't it.
-Oh, wow.
640
00:47:45,375 --> 00:47:46,175
Wonderful!
641
00:47:46,185 --> 00:47:49,485
That's made with a lot of love.
642
00:47:50,484 --> 00:47:53,284
We spend two full months
in the desert islands.
643
00:47:53,598 --> 00:47:57,298
Birthdays are welcome
opportunities to party.
644
00:47:57,498 --> 00:48:01,466
They're prepared in great secrecy,
a week in advance...
645
00:48:01,566 --> 00:48:04,266
Actually it isn't very
easy to unwrap.
646
00:48:14,858 --> 00:48:18,647
Brought straight from the
Turks and Caicos Islands.
647
00:48:18,747 --> 00:48:20,835
You can put it to your ear
because you'll hear us.
648
00:48:20,935 --> 00:48:23,235
You'll hear us.
649
00:48:25,691 --> 00:48:27,189
That's it.
650
00:48:36,963 --> 00:48:43,965
Cheers, cheers.
651
00:48:44,748 --> 00:48:46,597
Instead of birthday cake,
652
00:48:46,698 --> 00:48:50,898
Ipoc prefers the flying fish
which land on deck at night.
653
00:48:51,006 --> 00:48:54,006
This is his way of studying
marine biology.
654
00:48:57,588 --> 00:48:59,888
It's really annoying, eh?
655
00:49:33,776 --> 00:49:37,187
Sometimes the day ends
with a night dive.
656
00:49:37,387 --> 00:49:41,087
It reveals another aspect of
the reefs that we're studying.
657
00:49:41,291 --> 00:49:46,391
Every day brings its harvest
of discoveries and of wonder.
658
00:49:56,536 --> 00:49:59,236
WEST CAICOS
659
00:50:00,548 --> 00:50:02,208
For several weeks,
660
00:50:02,309 --> 00:50:06,809
Fleur de Lampaul is anchored off West
Caicos, a desert island in the Caribbean.
661
00:50:07,157 --> 00:50:08,475
In the library on board,
662
00:50:08,576 --> 00:50:11,276
we found a guide which
talks about a ghost town.
663
00:50:11,306 --> 00:50:15,018
so, you're looking for a little
crooked tree which makes an arch,
664
00:50:15,118 --> 00:50:17,244
when you see an
arch like that,
665
00:50:17,345 --> 00:50:21,745
and just nearby there's a palm tree,
a little bigger than the others.
666
00:50:28,619 --> 00:50:31,073
Look over there,
you can see something.
667
00:50:31,173 --> 00:50:34,554
-Do you think that's it?
Yes, it's white but it could be the roof.
668
00:50:35,800 --> 00:50:37,464
-Are we going to look?
-We'll get a bit closer.
669
00:50:37,664 --> 00:50:39,088
According to our guide,
670
00:50:39,189 --> 00:50:43,269
these ruins are those of a
plantation called Yankee Town.
671
00:50:43,671 --> 00:50:46,871
On land, the heat is overwhelming.
672
00:50:49,693 --> 00:50:53,193
The only inhabitant of
Yankee Town is a fish eagle.
673
00:51:07,082 --> 00:51:10,137
What could bring men to
live on this barren island,
674
00:51:10,238 --> 00:51:12,338
1000 km from the Mainland?
675
00:51:26,402 --> 00:51:30,358
So they say that the Loyalists
who were Americans...
676
00:51:30,459 --> 00:51:36,159
who fought for Britain during
the war of Independence...
677
00:51:37,106 --> 00:51:39,706
came here because
they were banished.
678
00:51:39,898 --> 00:51:46,870
They worked here by planting cotton
and sugar for about 30 years.
679
00:51:46,970 --> 00:51:50,359
Then, as the earth was
so dry, they left,
680
00:51:50,459 --> 00:51:54,752
leaving their slaves here, and
that's the origin of this population.
681
00:51:54,852 --> 00:51:57,620
But in 1700, there weren't
any steam engines.
682
00:51:57,721 --> 00:52:00,207
Yes, but in this guide,
they say that...
683
00:52:00,308 --> 00:52:04,208
there were people
between 1890 and 1920,
684
00:52:04,249 --> 00:52:07,608
who came and harvested salt,
685
00:52:07,708 --> 00:52:11,542
and who also grew
cotton and sisal.
686
00:52:11,642 --> 00:52:14,365
And what is it,
the sisa... thing?
687
00:52:14,465 --> 00:52:19,965
Sisal in fact, it's like hemp,
it's for making twine.
688
00:52:24,536 --> 00:52:28,267
We discover the remains of a dike and
a railway which crossed the island.
689
00:52:28,367 --> 00:52:31,667
This vast lagoon was
once a salt pan.
690
00:52:32,070 --> 00:52:35,008
It has become a
haven for seabirds.
691
00:52:35,208 --> 00:52:38,506
Pink flamingos, redshanks,
sandpipers and herons...
692
00:52:38,606 --> 00:52:43,106
find plenty of food here,
and absolute tranquility.
693
00:52:49,682 --> 00:52:52,061
In order to continue the
exploration of the island,
694
00:52:52,162 --> 00:52:54,462
the girls have camped on shore.
695
00:52:54,503 --> 00:52:56,703
Henriette, say hello.
696
00:52:57,575 --> 00:53:00,250
-You're horrible.
-Okay then, sleep.
697
00:53:00,350 --> 00:53:02,950
Emilie.
698
00:53:03,642 --> 00:53:06,342
It's time to wake up.
699
00:53:10,660 --> 00:53:12,125
I don't want to.
700
00:53:12,526 --> 00:53:15,898
-I don't like being woken up.
-Besides, my lips are all swollen...
701
00:53:15,999 --> 00:53:22,299
because of the mosquitoes
and I couldn't sleep.
702
00:53:27,060 --> 00:53:29,225
We walk along the coast
of West Caicos,
703
00:53:29,325 --> 00:53:32,925
attentive to everything that
might recall a human presence.
704
00:53:34,225 --> 00:53:36,024
First discovery,
705
00:53:36,125 --> 00:53:38,625
some inscriptions
carved into the rock.
706
00:53:38,730 --> 00:53:46,320
Captain of the "Guerrière"
(Warrior),
707
00:53:46,421 --> 00:53:49,121
March 1808.
708
00:53:49,298 --> 00:53:53,108
The island served as a refuge for
shipwrecked sailors and pirates.
709
00:53:53,208 --> 00:53:56,587
But what we're looking for,
are traces of Indians.
710
00:53:56,687 --> 00:53:59,019
They inhabited West
Caicos 500 years ago,
711
00:53:59,120 --> 00:54:02,285
and developed a real
civilization of the conch.
712
00:54:04,475 --> 00:54:06,140
This looks like it,
come and see.
713
00:54:06,241 --> 00:54:09,141
I found one.
-What have you got?
714
00:54:09,267 --> 00:54:14,933
A conch shell, that one, it's whole
but I think we should find it broken.
715
00:54:15,033 --> 00:54:16,093
Behind, there's one.
716
00:54:16,293 --> 00:54:18,864
There. Look there,
there's lots of them.
717
00:54:19,164 --> 00:54:21,468
-Here too.
-Oh, yes.
718
00:54:22,426 --> 00:54:26,460
They're everywhere. Look, there's
two similar ones, the same.
719
00:54:27,213 --> 00:54:31,805
The Indians carved some tools out
of the conch, these large shells.
720
00:54:31,905 --> 00:54:37,426
Part of the conch has been removed.
It looks a bit like a sharp nail.
721
00:54:37,569 --> 00:54:40,731
Anyway, these were
perhaps used as tools,
722
00:54:40,831 --> 00:54:44,131
as it's quite pointed
and maybe sharp.
723
00:54:45,551 --> 00:54:47,536
Coming from the Amazon
in their canoes,
724
00:54:47,636 --> 00:54:51,834
Native Americans inhabited the Caribbean
islands as far as the Bahamas.
725
00:54:52,792 --> 00:54:55,409
West Caicos was inhabited
by the Arawaks.
726
00:54:55,509 --> 00:54:59,109
Christopher Columbus encountered
them on his first voyage.
727
00:55:01,598 --> 00:55:04,494
There's some pieces
of conch here.
728
00:55:05,329 --> 00:55:07,571
-It's odd that.
-Yes, what is it?
729
00:55:07,671 --> 00:55:10,153
There's some conch
apparently smashed,
730
00:55:10,254 --> 00:55:15,054
beside a large piece of coral that
could very well serve as a hammer.
731
00:55:15,299 --> 00:55:18,361
It may have occurred naturally
but perhaps also...
732
00:55:18,461 --> 00:55:22,301
the people used it as a hammer.
And it's very practical.
733
00:55:22,401 --> 00:55:24,438
I'm really happy.
734
00:55:24,539 --> 00:55:26,982
It totally excites my curiosity.
I want to...
735
00:55:27,017 --> 00:55:28,581
to search the entire island.
736
00:55:28,681 --> 00:55:30,138
It already feels weird to think...
737
00:55:30,239 --> 00:55:33,439
that I'm at a place that people
have already walked,
738
00:55:33,450 --> 00:55:34,777
a very long time ago.
739
00:55:34,877 --> 00:55:37,577
It also feels strange to touch objects
they've already held in their hands.
740
00:55:37,678 --> 00:55:43,278
I have the impression that I might have
a piece of their skin on the object.
741
00:55:43,393 --> 00:55:45,617
It's very intriguing.
I feel their presence.
742
00:55:45,717 --> 00:55:49,779
We've discovered a workshop where
the Arawaks made tools from conch.
743
00:55:49,879 --> 00:55:52,400
We search a plot of
one square meter,
744
00:55:52,500 --> 00:55:54,901
taking care not to
damage the site.
745
00:55:55,002 --> 00:55:57,302
I would never have imagined,
746
00:55:57,393 --> 00:55:59,818
at school when I learned
about Columbus,
747
00:55:59,919 --> 00:56:02,519
that I'd find myself,
for real, on an Indian site,
748
00:56:02,601 --> 00:56:05,401
just as he discovered it.
749
00:56:05,799 --> 00:56:10,218
In Columbus's journal,
he said they had conical huts,
750
00:56:10,318 --> 00:56:13,138
that they were naked,
751
00:56:13,339 --> 00:56:16,239
that they sailed in canoes,
752
00:56:16,308 --> 00:56:20,358
and I also think that there was
some trading between the islands.
753
00:56:20,458 --> 00:56:23,051
I'm drawing a gouge.
754
00:56:23,151 --> 00:56:25,239
It's a tool of the Amerindians.
755
00:56:25,339 --> 00:56:28,132
In fact, we found
three kinds of tools.
756
00:56:28,232 --> 00:56:32,061
The gouge, which is used
for planing wood.
757
00:56:32,161 --> 00:56:35,606
It was sharp here and like that,
they could plane wood.
758
00:56:35,706 --> 00:56:38,106
This served as a punch.
759
00:56:38,456 --> 00:56:42,574
And then, there's an axe...
760
00:56:42,675 --> 00:56:44,475
that fits comfortably
in the hand, like this,
761
00:56:44,576 --> 00:56:47,976
that could cut.
It should be sharp here.
762
00:56:48,054 --> 00:56:50,700
And this is taken from the
mantle of the conch.
763
00:56:50,800 --> 00:56:54,306
Twenty years after Columbus
discovered the islands,
764
00:56:54,606 --> 00:56:56,676
there were no longer any Arawak,
765
00:56:56,776 --> 00:57:00,565
because they were
all dead by slavery.
766
00:57:00,665 --> 00:57:06,164
The white men had taken them to the
islands of Venezuela to fish for pearls,
767
00:57:06,664 --> 00:57:13,064
and in fact the Indians had never
endured slavery and they died.
768
00:57:24,552 --> 00:57:25,905
Without the conch,
769
00:57:26,006 --> 00:57:29,939
would the Indians have been able
to live on these barren islands?
770
00:57:30,232 --> 00:57:32,444
Nowadays, these tasty shellfish...
771
00:57:32,545 --> 00:57:36,645
are still one of the main resources of
a large number of Caribbean islands.
772
00:57:36,762 --> 00:57:41,566
Not far from Fleur de Lampaul,
we go to meet some fishermen.
773
00:57:52,986 --> 00:57:55,477
Motorboats have replaced
the Indian canoes,
774
00:57:55,578 --> 00:57:58,178
but the method of fishing
hasn't changed.
775
00:57:58,205 --> 00:58:01,407
It's by free diving that the inhabitants
of the Turks and Caicos Islands...
776
00:58:01,508 --> 00:58:03,908
collect the conch.
777
00:58:05,491 --> 00:58:07,672
These divers are
extremely efficient.
778
00:58:07,773 --> 00:58:11,073
2 hours are enough for them
to fill the boat to the brim.
779
00:58:11,911 --> 00:58:14,624
They swim and swim
and swim for kms...
780
00:58:14,724 --> 00:58:17,006
They go down,
they take their conch.
781
00:58:17,107 --> 00:58:20,507
They come back up, they go on,
they dive again…
782
00:58:20,608 --> 00:58:22,308
It seems like they never stop,
783
00:58:22,409 --> 00:58:24,309
and that they're
always under water,
784
00:58:24,410 --> 00:58:28,728
that they're not cold...
that they have...
785
00:58:29,925 --> 00:58:31,942
So, have you finished fishing?
786
00:58:32,042 --> 00:58:33,296
Yeah.
787
00:58:37,557 --> 00:58:39,302
-Oh yes
-...shells.
788
00:58:39,402 --> 00:58:42,302
Oh, right.
789
00:58:43,214 --> 00:58:44,735
Victim of their success,
790
00:58:44,836 --> 00:58:48,733
the conch are becoming increasingly
scarce in the Caribbean Sea.
791
00:58:57,008 --> 00:59:00,856
There you are... whole.
You're doing well.
792
00:59:03,637 --> 00:59:06,941
We continue with Pierre Lejeune,
our field work on the coral.
793
00:59:07,041 --> 00:59:11,171
In fact, the operation today, is to
go and put the jar, which is here,
794
00:59:11,271 --> 00:59:14,373
on the head of coral which
is just behind the dinghy.
795
00:59:14,503 --> 00:59:16,891
And we're going to take a
sample of a bit of algae,
796
00:59:16,992 --> 00:59:19,596
which we shall weigh
later in the laboratory.
797
00:59:20,442 --> 00:59:22,182
And immediately after the
installation of the jar,
798
00:59:22,283 --> 00:59:25,283
someone should take a
sample of water in the jar,
799
00:59:25,383 --> 00:59:27,537
so we know the amount
of oxygen there is inside.
800
00:59:27,637 --> 00:59:29,549
And then a sample of
water around the jar,
801
00:59:29,650 --> 00:59:31,650
to know how much oxygen
there is in the open water.
802
00:59:31,751 --> 00:59:33,151
It should be the same
as at the outset.
803
00:59:33,252 --> 00:59:36,252
Then we'll return in an hour to
see what happened. All right?
804
00:59:36,284 --> 00:59:37,250
OK.
805
00:59:37,251 --> 00:59:39,551
And are we going to do
studies with coral?
806
00:59:39,704 --> 00:59:42,940
Yes, of course, the goal is
the study of coral, anyway.
807
00:59:43,040 --> 00:59:46,270
We start with algae because we
already know that it produces oxygen.
808
00:59:46,370 --> 00:59:48,780
Then we'll collect any small pieces
of coral that settle under the jar.
809
00:59:48,881 --> 00:59:51,381
And we'll try to do a new
cycle of 24 hours,
810
00:59:51,417 --> 00:59:56,088
for the study of the production and
consumption of oxygen by the coral.
811
01:00:00,715 --> 01:00:05,017
For 72 hours we live to the rhythm
of the measurements of oxygen.
812
01:00:05,042 --> 01:00:07,539
Our experiments continue
even in the middle of the night.
813
01:00:07,739 --> 01:00:10,000
This piece of coral has
spent 6 hours in the jar.
814
01:00:10,100 --> 01:00:13,498
6 hours ago we measured
the oxygen in the water,
815
01:00:13,598 --> 01:00:17,182
and now we remeasure the
oxygen by colorimetric method,
816
01:00:17,282 --> 01:00:20,188
to find out if the coral
has released any oxygen,
817
01:00:20,289 --> 01:00:22,589
or if on the contrary,
it has absorbed it.
818
01:00:22,840 --> 01:00:25,006
In the laboratory on
Fleur de Lampaul,
819
01:00:25,106 --> 01:00:30,978
we use for our measurements a simple but
accurate chemical method, colorimetry.
820
01:00:33,375 --> 01:00:34,592
There.
821
01:00:34,893 --> 01:00:38,693
I add the 5th reactive
and it's a liquid.
822
01:00:38,763 --> 01:00:41,166
I add a number of drops.
I don't quite know the number,
823
01:00:41,366 --> 01:00:44,063
and when the water becomes
completely transparent,
824
01:00:44,163 --> 01:00:49,363
it's at this moment, I'll know how
much oxygen there is in the water.
825
01:00:50,116 --> 01:00:52,660
It's starting to become clear.
826
01:00:52,860 --> 01:00:54,232
Now it's transpararent.
827
01:00:54,332 --> 01:00:57,862
According to the number of drops
which I added, I know that...
828
01:00:57,897 --> 01:01:03,154
that in the jar there's
4.9 mg of oxygen per litre.
829
01:01:03,354 --> 01:01:06,581
Pierre, that means that the coral has
consumed some oxygen tonight.
830
01:01:06,681 --> 01:01:09,825
Exactly, they've consumed oxygen.
They're animals, they breathe.
831
01:01:10,125 --> 01:01:14,431
But remember, we
placed this jar at noon,
832
01:01:14,531 --> 01:01:17,311
and the coral remained
about 6 hours in the light,
833
01:01:17,411 --> 01:01:22,072
and when we checked the amount of O2
there was in the jar after 6h of light,
834
01:01:22,173 --> 01:01:24,673
we realized that there was much
more oxygen than at the beginning.
835
01:01:24,790 --> 01:01:28,167
So, during daylight hours,
the coral produced oxygen.
836
01:01:28,467 --> 01:01:32,229
But this isn't possible because corals
are animals and therefore consume O2.
837
01:01:32,329 --> 01:01:34,791
Well, in principle, yes,
animals consume oxygen.
838
01:01:34,892 --> 01:01:36,592
They breathe like you and me.
839
01:01:36,695 --> 01:01:39,093
But you know,
we spoke about it previously,
840
01:01:39,193 --> 01:01:43,603
that corals have formed an
association with a small algae,
841
01:01:43,703 --> 01:01:45,276
called the zooxanthellae.
842
01:01:45,376 --> 01:01:47,850
The zooxanthellae live
in the same tissue,
843
01:01:47,950 --> 01:01:50,703
the animal tissue of the coral.
844
01:01:50,803 --> 01:01:53,373
And this association
is quite extraordinary,
845
01:01:53,474 --> 01:01:55,574
since it allows an animal, ultimately,
846
01:01:55,643 --> 01:01:58,743
to produce oxygen,
like a plant.
847
01:01:59,027 --> 01:02:02,919
It's thus the close association
of an algae and an animal...
848
01:02:03,020 --> 01:02:06,020
that has allowed the
coral reef to flourish.
849
01:02:06,198 --> 01:02:10,598
This symbiosis brings to each,
the nutrients it needs.
850
01:02:10,890 --> 01:02:15,590
The coral reefs offer us a
good lesson in cooperation.
851
01:02:20,212 --> 01:02:23,014
SEA CORAL
852
01:02:25,927 --> 01:02:30,131
Fleur de Lampaul is sailing for two
months in the Turks and Caicos Islands.
853
01:02:30,233 --> 01:02:34,163
We're studying the coral with
Pierre Lejeune, a marine biologist.
854
01:02:34,463 --> 01:02:37,661
Every morning, Pierre gives
us a theoretical lesson.
855
01:02:37,761 --> 01:02:41,056
Then we dive and carry out
various experiments.
856
01:02:41,057 --> 01:02:42,801
...which has been
determined by the way...
857
01:02:42,902 --> 01:02:45,402
the mouth and anus are
formed in the embryo.
858
01:02:45,905 --> 01:02:49,005
This morning, we're
distracted by a pelican.
859
01:02:49,357 --> 01:02:52,057
He fishes around
Fleur de Lampaul.
860
01:02:56,576 --> 01:02:58,994
Under water, we
discover a school of fish.
861
01:02:59,094 --> 01:03:02,794
Millions and millions of
small silver comets.
862
01:03:18,018 --> 01:03:21,918
Suddenly the fish panic.
What's going on?
863
01:03:26,363 --> 01:03:29,065
A group of sea bream hunt.
864
01:03:30,883 --> 01:03:35,966
The school of fish seems to move as
a single animal, huge and flexible.
865
01:03:36,166 --> 01:03:38,970
The mass effect
deceives predators.
866
01:03:44,873 --> 01:03:48,312
On the other side of the school,
a baracuda prowls.
867
01:03:48,412 --> 01:03:51,312
Above the water,
lurk a couple of pelicans.
868
01:03:54,756 --> 01:03:59,499
For small fish, living in the school
is a way to protect themselves.
869
01:03:59,599 --> 01:04:04,199
Besides, what predator would be
so voracious as to devour them all?
870
01:04:06,197 --> 01:04:09,597
We leave to get fresh supplies
at Providenciales.
871
01:04:10,561 --> 01:04:14,661
Navigating the coral requires
the greatest caution.
872
01:04:15,141 --> 01:04:17,841
So, should I pass to
starboard or to port?
873
01:04:18,070 --> 01:04:19,991
Okay, keep to starboard.
874
01:04:20,091 --> 01:04:21,435
And then go to port.
875
01:04:21,535 --> 01:04:22,674
OK.
876
01:04:22,874 --> 01:04:27,774
A Haitian sailing coaster asks us
for help to cross the coral reefs.
877
01:04:30,075 --> 01:04:31,707
Okay, I'm puting it into neutral.
878
01:04:31,807 --> 01:04:34,835
So, we're going to tow
a Haitian coaster,
879
01:04:34,935 --> 01:04:36,371
because we came across them.
880
01:04:36,471 --> 01:04:38,858
They were completely lost.
They had no more water or food,
881
01:04:39,158 --> 01:04:43,958
so we fed them and now we're
towing them to Providenciales.
882
01:04:47,528 --> 01:04:48,638
Look out Pierre, lookout,
883
01:04:48,739 --> 01:04:50,939
there's an outcrop just ahead,
you must go to starboard.
884
01:04:50,961 --> 01:04:52,361
I'm going there.
885
01:04:52,966 --> 01:04:54,590
Is it still far?
886
01:04:54,690 --> 01:04:56,890
Not very far, no, go ahead.
887
01:04:57,495 --> 01:04:59,795
I'm fully, there.
888
01:05:03,219 --> 01:05:04,995
Many sailboats from Haiti,
889
01:05:05,195 --> 01:05:09,340
this large nearby island,
stopover in Providenciales,
890
01:05:09,440 --> 01:05:12,338
capital of the Turks
and Caicos Islands.
891
01:05:16,360 --> 01:05:19,299
They're among the last
working sailboats in the world,
892
01:05:19,400 --> 01:05:20,900
the poorest on the planet.
893
01:05:21,080 --> 01:05:23,284
We're going to visit Mussey,
894
01:05:23,384 --> 01:05:25,933
captain of the boat
that we towed.
895
01:05:26,033 --> 01:05:29,239
We do trading amongst
the largest islands,
896
01:05:29,339 --> 01:05:34,232
going back and forth between
the Caribbean Islands and Haiti.
897
01:05:34,332 --> 01:05:35,848
And what do you carry?
898
01:05:35,948 --> 01:05:40,007
We carry products
such as bananas,
899
01:05:40,207 --> 01:05:44,289
mangoes, grapefruits,
pineapples, seasonal fruit.
900
01:05:44,389 --> 01:05:47,217
And is it hard to sail
a boat like yours?
901
01:05:47,317 --> 01:05:49,752
Yes, it's hard,
but we're used to it.
902
01:05:49,853 --> 01:05:52,753
You need to get used
to working like this...
903
01:05:53,009 --> 01:05:56,060
and then we're not
skilled workers.
904
01:05:56,161 --> 01:06:00,161
We do this, in fact,
easily like this.
905
01:06:00,254 --> 01:06:01,330
You're accustomed to it?
906
01:06:01,430 --> 01:06:03,818
We're accustomed to it,
then we have a compass.
907
01:06:04,018 --> 01:06:07,842
And with the compass we can control the
drift, but some times we lose our way...
908
01:06:07,942 --> 01:06:10,150
It's as if it was in
Columbus's time.
909
01:06:10,250 --> 01:06:13,348
He didn't learn it in a school.
910
01:06:13,996 --> 01:06:17,238
We don't practice modern day
techniques with our boat.
911
01:06:17,339 --> 01:06:21,339
We don't even have an engine,
we have sails, as the ancients did.
912
01:06:21,542 --> 01:06:25,840
We haven't yet made the step
toward modern technology.
913
01:06:26,422 --> 01:06:27,801
Can we take a look at the boat?
914
01:06:27,901 --> 01:06:30,601
Yes, you can,
because you're welcome.
915
01:06:33,705 --> 01:06:36,127
When some sailors are on watch,
others can use the berths.
916
01:06:36,228 --> 01:06:38,828
They work all night and sometimes
when they're tired, they sleep there.
917
01:06:38,930 --> 01:06:41,718
And down below,
they put the fruit,
918
01:06:41,818 --> 01:06:44,344
which they trade and there
are also some small rocks,
919
01:06:44,444 --> 01:06:47,300
to ballast the boat and
that balances it well.
920
01:06:47,500 --> 01:06:48,340
Oh, yes.
921
01:06:48,440 --> 01:06:51,014
Is it just the women who
sleep inside the boat?
922
01:06:51,114 --> 01:06:53,564
The women sleep rather often.
923
01:06:53,764 --> 01:06:56,774
But with a little resistance,
924
01:06:56,974 --> 01:06:59,091
they do the cooking like that.
925
01:06:59,191 --> 01:07:02,349
-They do the cooking on the bridge?
-On the bridge.
926
01:07:04,131 --> 01:07:07,273
We invite Mussey and his
crew to visit Fleur de Lampaul...
927
01:07:07,374 --> 01:07:10,074
which is also an
old sailing coaster.
928
01:07:10,165 --> 01:07:14,225
I love the boat,
I consider it a blessing,
929
01:07:14,325 --> 01:07:18,503
because I see the tradition in my boat,
the French tradition,
930
01:07:18,603 --> 01:07:20,734
and in yours the
French tradition also.
931
01:07:20,834 --> 01:07:24,834
Certainly, we have a lot
in common with Mussey.
932
01:07:25,842 --> 01:07:28,369
We find in this friendly
and cultured man,
933
01:07:28,470 --> 01:07:30,670
an ardent defender
of the environment,
934
01:07:30,757 --> 01:07:32,497
much threatened on his island.
935
01:07:32,597 --> 01:07:34,359
I didn't know when I met you...
936
01:07:34,460 --> 01:07:37,160
if you'd be interested
in such a question.
937
01:07:37,322 --> 01:07:40,905
perhaps something brought
us here to meet you.
938
01:07:41,205 --> 01:07:43,787
There are people like me who
take care of the environment.
939
01:07:43,887 --> 01:07:47,310
However, it's a problem which
concerns everybody, every country.
940
01:07:47,410 --> 01:07:51,005
Ah yes, because the environment,
in fact it's life.
941
01:07:51,205 --> 01:07:55,205
The Earth, it's our mother planet
and we're all brothers.
942
01:07:55,347 --> 01:07:57,903
I realize now that in France,
943
01:07:58,003 --> 01:08:01,079
there are many foreigners,
a lot of different people to me,
944
01:08:01,379 --> 01:08:06,845
and that they certainly have much
to teach me and to approach them,
945
01:08:06,946 --> 01:08:10,046
it's a bit like going traveling,
946
01:08:10,128 --> 01:08:13,496
and it's true that when I see
all that I have to learn,
947
01:08:13,596 --> 01:08:15,082
from people who are
different from me,
948
01:08:15,182 --> 01:08:19,084
I think that racism, it's
really a shame, because...
949
01:08:19,224 --> 01:08:28,424
we can really become enriched by
people who think differently from us.
950
01:08:29,900 --> 01:08:32,556
At every stopover,
Fleur demands our care.
951
01:08:32,656 --> 01:08:35,956
Then a few small paint brushes.
952
01:08:37,106 --> 01:08:39,204
Do you know where
the black pot is?
953
01:08:39,777 --> 01:08:41,577
No Henriette.
954
01:08:43,487 --> 01:08:46,185
Oh I've...
955
01:08:47,006 --> 01:08:50,382
You can perhaps film me,
but don't tell Myriam,
956
01:08:50,483 --> 01:08:54,683
otherwise I don’t know
what could happen to me…
957
01:09:00,185 --> 01:09:03,029
-Are you holding up, Henriette?
-Yes.
958
01:09:03,044 --> 01:09:07,644
It's okay at the moment.
I haven't done too much damage.
959
01:09:09,835 --> 01:09:12,636
We must work hard on
the ship, because...
960
01:09:12,736 --> 01:09:15,286
it falls into disrepair very quickly,
so there's a lot of work,
961
01:09:15,387 --> 01:09:21,387
but we love it so much that
it's not a chore to work on her,
962
01:09:21,488 --> 01:09:25,088
because it feels like we're giving
back a little of what she's given us.
963
01:09:25,640 --> 01:09:27,102
I've learnt things at school,
964
01:09:27,202 --> 01:09:29,048
I've learned a lot aboard Fleur,
965
01:09:29,148 --> 01:09:31,382
both will serve me in life.
966
01:09:31,482 --> 01:09:34,343
I think that they're complementary,
967
01:09:34,443 --> 01:09:39,407
and we don't really
separate the two on board.
968
01:09:39,508 --> 01:09:43,608
We know very well that the schoolwork
is as important as the rest.
969
01:09:44,105 --> 01:09:46,418
We're just finishing
the report on the coral,
970
01:09:46,519 --> 01:09:49,919
and when we've actually finished,
this report will be used...
971
01:09:49,974 --> 01:09:54,337
to send to the 2nd grade
(age 15) and for us too.
972
01:09:54,437 --> 01:09:57,713
We did experiments,
we observed...
973
01:09:57,748 --> 01:10:00,868
we studied and now we're in
the process of writing it up,
974
01:10:01,268 --> 01:10:03,723
First in French and then
we translate it into English.
975
01:10:04,023 --> 01:10:08,492
We translate everything and afterwards
we ask Henriette if it's not too bad.
976
01:10:08,592 --> 01:10:10,422
So this is both a study of
coral and then of English.
977
01:10:10,522 --> 01:10:13,759
-Yes.
-At the moment she's in great demand.
978
01:10:16,320 --> 01:10:18,766
I won't be upset at
returning to school.
979
01:10:18,866 --> 01:10:20,892
On the contrary,
I want to go back,
980
01:10:20,992 --> 01:10:23,091
and I think that...
981
01:10:23,225 --> 01:10:28,825
Fleur won't really have penalized
us in relation to school life.
982
01:10:32,545 --> 01:10:34,807
This is our last stopover
in West Caicos,
983
01:10:34,907 --> 01:10:38,271
the desert island where for a
month we've studied the coral.
984
01:10:38,371 --> 01:10:41,871
Tomorrow, we leave
for the Bahamas.
985
01:10:58,726 --> 01:11:02,026
This is the last time that
I'll dive amongst the coral,
986
01:11:02,139 --> 01:11:05,421
and I think I've never
felt anything so strong,
987
01:11:05,521 --> 01:11:07,979
because just now when
I went under water,
988
01:11:08,079 --> 01:11:09,756
I really felt in my element,
989
01:11:09,857 --> 01:11:12,957
in my environment as if
I'd always been there,
990
01:11:13,090 --> 01:11:14,531
and I looked above me,
991
01:11:14,632 --> 01:11:17,032
and I barely saw the stars
that flashed across the surface.
992
01:11:17,118 --> 01:11:19,986
I saw in the distance
the spot of the fire,
993
01:11:20,286 --> 01:11:22,983
and I really felt at
the origin of my life,
994
01:11:23,083 --> 01:11:25,683
it's really very very strong.
995
01:11:35,020 --> 01:11:39,785
At first I was a little afraid that
there were sharks or nasty beasties,
996
01:11:39,886 --> 01:11:42,486
jellyfish which would sting
us under the water...
997
01:11:43,146 --> 01:11:48,020
and in fact when I dived,
I was under water,
998
01:11:48,120 --> 01:11:50,920
I looked at the surface,
999
01:11:51,116 --> 01:11:53,161
I had the impression of seeing
the other side of the world.
1000
01:11:53,261 --> 01:11:54,881
It was truly a magical sensation.
1001
01:11:54,981 --> 01:11:58,002
In addition when I dived,
I turned around,
1002
01:11:58,102 --> 01:12:00,375
and I even saw the moon
through the water.
1003
01:12:00,475 --> 01:12:02,103
It was quite exceptional.
1004
01:12:02,203 --> 01:12:05,134
-Was it strange to see the moon
on the other side? -Yes.
1005
01:12:05,493 --> 01:12:09,537
-But it finally connects the
worlds between them. -Yes.
1006
01:12:09,637 --> 01:12:12,931
The sky, the stars,
the moon, the planet...
1007
01:12:13,031 --> 01:12:17,485
the sea which is the nourishing liquid
in which everything appeared,
1008
01:12:17,685 --> 01:12:20,002
the plankton...
-A large ecosystem.
1009
01:12:20,103 --> 01:12:23,203
And then this wonderful ecosystem
that's the coral ecosystem.
1010
01:12:23,350 --> 01:12:26,986
At first, I didn't understand
much about coral,
1011
01:12:27,086 --> 01:12:31,120
I saw a fish in it,
which was a little red,
1012
01:12:31,220 --> 01:12:33,242
another which was
large and thin.
1013
01:12:33,342 --> 01:12:35,408
And then what's funny
is that as one goes along,
1014
01:12:35,509 --> 01:12:37,709
we begin to understand,
1015
01:12:37,886 --> 01:12:41,340
we begin to differentiate and see
that there's a link between it all.
1016
01:12:41,440 --> 01:12:43,540
It's a whole package.
1017
01:12:43,544 --> 01:12:46,365
And do you think that if we don't
pay attention to the coral...
1018
01:12:46,466 --> 01:12:48,366
it could easily be destroyed?
1019
01:12:48,428 --> 01:12:52,209
Well, the coral is
extremely fragile.
1020
01:12:52,309 --> 01:12:55,984
Do you mean that if you destroy
a single element of the coral reef,
1021
01:12:56,085 --> 01:12:58,585
that could put everything at risk?
-Yes, of course.
1022
01:12:58,705 --> 01:13:01,410
You've seen how
everything is related,
1023
01:13:01,510 --> 01:13:04,352
in an extremely precise way.
1024
01:13:04,452 --> 01:13:07,441
As soon as you break the links
between these different blocks,
1025
01:13:07,541 --> 01:13:09,632
it's really like breaking the
cement that cements the whole,
1026
01:13:09,733 --> 01:13:11,633
and you can see the
entire edifice collapsing.
1027
01:13:11,678 --> 01:13:14,950
A change in the amount of CO2
in the atmosphere, for example,
1028
01:13:15,051 --> 01:13:16,351
at the global level,
1029
01:13:16,352 --> 01:13:20,555
may have consequences that are
extremely important to coral reefs.
1030
01:13:20,655 --> 01:13:24,739
For example, in the Pacific, we've
observed a lot of bleaching of corals,
1031
01:13:24,840 --> 01:13:26,740
and a number of
scientists believe...
1032
01:13:26,841 --> 01:13:30,041
it could be linked to a
warming of the water,
1033
01:13:30,108 --> 01:13:33,754
due to a change in climate that
causes these bleaching events.
1034
01:13:33,755 --> 01:13:35,255
Could it be very serious?
1035
01:13:35,302 --> 01:13:38,502
Yes it could be very serious because
it's happening at a global level.
1036
01:13:38,740 --> 01:13:41,940
It would be a shame that in
a few years, because of us,
1037
01:13:42,178 --> 01:13:45,666
there'd be other children who
could no longer see what we saw,
1038
01:13:45,767 --> 01:13:48,267
who could no longer
feel what we felt,
1039
01:13:48,484 --> 01:13:50,849
this happiness, this joy,
1040
01:13:50,949 --> 01:13:54,263
if it's destroyed in a
few years and well...
1041
01:13:54,463 --> 01:13:55,488
That's true.
1042
01:13:55,588 --> 01:13:59,241
It may well happen,
and as we know,
1043
01:13:59,341 --> 01:14:06,217
in many places nature is deeply
affected by human activity.
1044
01:14:06,317 --> 01:14:08,643
There's a threshold not to be
exceeded, undoubtedly?
1045
01:14:08,743 --> 01:14:11,451
If it exceeds a certain
threshold, indeed, as you say,
1046
01:14:11,551 --> 01:14:14,029
you could see an entire
ecosystem disappear forever.
1047
01:14:14,329 --> 01:14:17,759
But when you think about it,
one could say that nature is us,
1048
01:14:17,859 --> 01:14:19,906
so living in harmony with nature,
1049
01:14:20,006 --> 01:14:22,906
wouldn't it be living in
harmony with ourselves?
1050
01:14:26,297 --> 01:14:29,465
When I look at the
world or the sea,
1051
01:14:29,566 --> 01:14:30,966
or even the stars,
1052
01:14:31,137 --> 01:14:34,528
I look at them and I've the impression
they're also looking at me somehow,
1053
01:14:34,728 --> 01:14:36,495
and I tell myself that I'm a
very small part of the universe.
1054
01:14:36,596 --> 01:14:39,496
I think that all this
forms a whole.
1055
01:14:51,944 --> 01:14:54,744
CORAL AND PEOPLE
1056
01:15:00,192 --> 01:15:04,344
Fleur de Lampaul is making sail for
Nassau, capital of the Bahamas.
1057
01:15:04,644 --> 01:15:10,544
For millions of wealthy tourists,
Nassau represents the American dream.
1058
01:15:26,823 --> 01:15:29,023
It's really impressive.
1059
01:15:30,267 --> 01:15:33,146
At the end of the port,
far from the luxurious marinas,
1060
01:15:33,246 --> 01:15:36,108
we find the sailing coaster
that came from Haiti.
1061
01:15:36,208 --> 01:15:39,208
They unload their meager cargo.
1062
01:15:39,768 --> 01:15:43,773
What struck me, is the fact that
there is on one side of the port,
1063
01:15:43,873 --> 01:15:48,047
some really totally poor
people that to survive...
1064
01:15:48,147 --> 01:15:51,622
they spent four days at sea since
leaving from Haiti for Nassau.
1065
01:15:51,722 --> 01:15:54,555
They just have their sails,
they may very well...
1066
01:15:54,590 --> 01:15:57,205
remain for days as
seen in Grand Turks,
1067
01:15:57,258 --> 01:15:59,161
without food or water,
1068
01:15:59,261 --> 01:16:02,971
then there are rich people who
arrive with their huge yachts.
1069
01:16:03,071 --> 01:16:05,496
They sometimes even
have helicopters,
1070
01:16:05,596 --> 01:16:07,866
they have everything
to have a nice life.
1071
01:16:07,966 --> 01:16:10,430
There really is an
imbalance in the scales.
1072
01:16:10,530 --> 01:16:12,654
Too much wealth
as too much poverty
1073
01:16:12,755 --> 01:16:15,455
can lead to the
destruction of nature.
1074
01:16:15,618 --> 01:16:17,154
We meet the Aquanaute,
1075
01:16:17,254 --> 01:16:19,328
a futuristic ship which
allows one to discover...
1076
01:16:19,429 --> 01:16:21,729
the underwater world
without getting wet.
1077
01:16:21,762 --> 01:16:23,944
Oh, just in front of us, it's...
1078
01:16:24,044 --> 01:16:26,526
In the Bahamas, tourism
is a necessary evil.
1079
01:16:26,726 --> 01:16:29,342
These islands have their
beauty as their only asset.
1080
01:16:29,542 --> 01:16:34,070
But the coral reefs are damaged
by both overfishing by locals,
1081
01:16:34,270 --> 01:16:37,170
and by the millions of
foreign visitors.
1082
01:16:39,116 --> 01:16:40,456
Aboard the Aquanaute,
1083
01:16:40,457 --> 01:16:44,126
it's possible to learn about
the coral without damaging it.
1084
01:16:45,597 --> 01:16:47,504
Even tourism can
become ecological,
1085
01:16:47,605 --> 01:16:51,284
and contribute to the
protection of the environment.
1086
01:17:01,823 --> 01:17:05,278
Fleur de Lampaul now reaches an
isolated region of the Bahamas.
1087
01:17:05,378 --> 01:17:08,212
We're entering Exuma park.
1088
01:17:08,412 --> 01:17:12,312
There's no depth... only
about 50 cm below the hull,
1089
01:17:12,816 --> 01:17:15,916
and it's sailing by sight.
1090
01:17:16,125 --> 01:17:19,761
There's someone who's experienced
in the ship who watches the depth.
1091
01:17:19,875 --> 01:17:22,113
And here we sail according
to the colour of the water.
1092
01:17:22,213 --> 01:17:25,367
It's a little tense
as sailing goes,
1093
01:17:25,468 --> 01:17:27,505
things happen fast.
1094
01:18:00,351 --> 01:18:02,016
I didn't expect so many colours.
1095
01:18:02,116 --> 01:18:05,116
It's beautiful...
it's really great.
1096
01:18:06,340 --> 01:18:08,425
It's paradise, it's magnificent.
1097
01:18:08,526 --> 01:18:10,526
There's lots of deserted islands.
1098
01:18:10,591 --> 01:18:14,347
I didn't know that
such a place existed.
1099
01:18:14,547 --> 01:18:17,840
The Exuma national park
is 25 km long.
1100
01:18:17,940 --> 01:18:19,965
It includes dozens of unspoilt islands.
1101
01:18:20,065 --> 01:18:24,977
This animal sanctuary can repopulate the
archipelago in fish, lobsters and shellfish.
1102
01:18:25,077 --> 01:18:30,477
But this preserved environment
attracts a growing number of visitors.
1103
01:18:32,151 --> 01:18:37,051
To protect it, it only has a
single custodian: Ray Dardil.
1104
01:18:39,376 --> 01:18:45,076
Ray does all the jobs here and
works tirelessly 7 days a week.
1105
01:18:47,099 --> 01:18:52,201
We move in with him to help
him in his numerous tasks.
1106
01:18:52,913 --> 01:18:55,313
Knowing our love for cetaceans,
1107
01:18:55,513 --> 01:18:59,013
Ray entrusts to us a
very special mission.
1108
01:18:59,756 --> 01:19:01,556
This is a rib.
1109
01:19:01,699 --> 01:19:04,099
So here's the shoulder blades.
1110
01:19:08,612 --> 01:19:11,410
This one is heavier
than the others.
1111
01:19:11,466 --> 01:19:14,466
The vertebrae are larger
than our heads.
1112
01:19:18,740 --> 01:19:20,340
Wait for me.
1113
01:19:21,944 --> 01:19:26,098
This sperm whale was stranded
about two years ago,
1114
01:19:26,198 --> 01:19:28,747
and there are others which
have been stranded,
1115
01:19:29,047 --> 01:19:34,754
and it's rotting on a beach,
1116
01:19:34,854 --> 01:19:38,654
so Ray suggested that
we reconstruct it.
1117
01:19:52,400 --> 01:19:55,500
I wonder how it will be possible
to put them together.
1118
01:20:01,904 --> 01:20:05,712
It's now several months that we've
dived every day in the coral waters.
1119
01:20:05,812 --> 01:20:09,014
The reef dwellers have
become familiar to us.
1120
01:20:14,906 --> 01:20:17,710
We no longer mistake for flowers,
these strange animals,
1121
01:20:17,810 --> 01:20:23,210
worms, their feathers allow them
to filter the water to catch plankton.
1122
01:20:24,313 --> 01:20:27,907
Observing the fish is a
fascinating spectacle.
1123
01:20:28,107 --> 01:20:33,397
Swimming against the current these
elegant blue damsels feed on plankton.
1124
01:20:34,060 --> 01:20:37,090
The life of the gray
damsel is tiring.
1125
01:20:37,190 --> 01:20:40,782
She must defend her miniscule
territory against the intruders,
1126
01:20:40,882 --> 01:20:43,582
and God knows there are many.
1127
01:20:44,992 --> 01:20:46,568
With its powerful beak,
1128
01:20:46,668 --> 01:20:51,666
the parrot fish feeds on algae
on the surface of the coral.
1129
01:20:53,406 --> 01:20:55,594
The sharp beak of the butterfly fish,
1130
01:20:55,694 --> 01:20:59,694
allows them to capture their
food in the hollows of the reef.
1131
01:21:01,366 --> 01:21:04,666
The butterflies live in
faithful couples.
1132
01:21:05,865 --> 01:21:09,287
The angelfish are of
supreme elegance.
1133
01:21:09,487 --> 01:21:12,887
The Royal Angel is the most
colourful fish in the Caribbean.
1134
01:21:12,987 --> 01:21:15,787
It is naturally shy.
1135
01:21:18,304 --> 01:21:22,804
The tricolour angel,
comes to visit us on every dive.
1136
01:21:23,295 --> 01:21:27,402
The coral serves as shelter
for these herbivorous fish,
1137
01:21:27,502 --> 01:21:29,785
ready to disappear at
the slightest alarm.
1138
01:21:29,885 --> 01:21:32,858
Above the reef glide
a school of caranx,
1139
01:21:32,958 --> 01:21:35,958
predators trimmed for speed.
1140
01:21:37,062 --> 01:21:39,762
A shark prowls.
1141
01:21:41,375 --> 01:21:45,275
This powerful predator doesn't
scare these giant groupers.
1142
01:21:49,343 --> 01:21:53,145
We, too, are accustomed
to the presence of the shark.
1143
01:21:55,353 --> 01:21:57,266
Close to pouncing on its prey,
1144
01:21:57,267 --> 01:22:01,467
a trumpet fish floats
among the gorgonians.
1145
01:22:01,736 --> 01:22:03,144
In its hole,
1146
01:22:03,245 --> 01:22:07,760
the Tiger Grouper awaits the unwary
who would approach too close.
1147
01:22:07,895 --> 01:22:10,960
His cousin, the Brown
grouper does the same.
1148
01:22:13,142 --> 01:22:16,125
The ray feeds by filtering the sand.
1149
01:22:16,325 --> 01:22:21,223
This peaceful fish hides under
its tail a formidable sting.
1150
01:22:22,689 --> 01:22:27,427
The timid surgeonfish also
have a weapon of defense,
1151
01:22:27,527 --> 01:22:31,127
a small sharp blade
near their tail.
1152
01:22:31,841 --> 01:22:36,171
In case of attack, the lime fish
prefers to hide in a hole.
1153
01:22:36,271 --> 01:22:40,571
It will jam itself there by means
of its powerful dorsal spines.
1154
01:22:41,385 --> 01:22:43,237
As for the puffer fish,
1155
01:22:43,337 --> 01:22:48,358
he relies on his armour and
his toxic flesh for protection.
1156
01:22:48,458 --> 01:22:52,858
The life of a fish is not
always a bed of roses.
1157
01:22:56,082 --> 01:22:59,784
The reconstruction of the sperm
whale skeleton is coming to an end.
1158
01:23:02,672 --> 01:23:06,570
For three weeks, Ray was
the best of companions.
1159
01:23:11,040 --> 01:23:13,728
It’s difficult to
imagine that it's a...
1160
01:23:13,729 --> 01:23:16,203
sperm whale because
the bones are so huge,
1161
01:23:16,254 --> 01:23:19,518
we washed them, you
don't realize, it's like rock.
1162
01:23:19,718 --> 01:23:22,803
And then when we reconstruct it,
one realizes that it's a huge beast.
1163
01:23:22,904 --> 01:23:25,358
It gives one the impression of
reconstructing a dinosaur.
1164
01:23:35,321 --> 01:23:37,633
Two parts touch,
1165
01:23:37,733 --> 01:23:39,733
the others bits don't touch.
1166
01:23:41,330 --> 01:23:44,030
I think it may be
more like that.
1167
01:23:48,180 --> 01:23:50,621
Your bit goes...
1168
01:23:50,821 --> 01:23:53,121
It's looks like that...
1169
01:23:57,518 --> 01:24:00,286
Reconstructing a sperm
whale skeleton at Exumas,
1170
01:24:00,387 --> 01:24:06,287
has been for the crew
a great lesson... in English.
1171
01:24:23,502 --> 01:24:27,604
Every day Ray goes on
patrol through the Park.
1172
01:24:27,887 --> 01:24:30,226
Ray, is a giant,
1173
01:24:30,327 --> 01:24:33,309
he's really a very big man,
1174
01:24:33,410 --> 01:24:35,751
who always has his hat,
and he has hats...
1175
01:24:35,886 --> 01:24:39,911
for every moment
of life possible.
1176
01:24:40,066 --> 01:24:46,164
He's like the cowboy of the seas when
you see him land with his superb boat,
1177
01:24:47,160 --> 01:24:50,578
like a horse, yes it serves
as a horse, it's clear.
1178
01:24:50,678 --> 01:24:52,370
He's really a cowboy.
1179
01:24:52,470 --> 01:24:55,817
To pursue the many poachers
that enter the park,
1180
01:24:55,917 --> 01:24:57,982
Ray relies on the
speed of his boat.
1181
01:24:58,082 --> 01:25:00,443
Regrettably, the poachers
are also well equipped,
1182
01:25:00,543 --> 01:25:03,543
and the pursuits are
often dangerous.
1183
01:25:06,674 --> 01:25:11,201
Ray informs visiting boats of the
strict legislation of the park.
1184
01:25:11,301 --> 01:25:14,307
Here, it's forbidden to
take anything.
1185
01:25:16,839 --> 01:25:18,093
Today, everything is going well.
1186
01:25:18,193 --> 01:25:20,878
But sometimes when caught
in the act and risking jail,
1187
01:25:20,978 --> 01:25:23,878
the poachers prefer
to attack.
1188
01:25:26,974 --> 01:25:28,572
I've had people try
to take my life,
1189
01:25:28,672 --> 01:25:34,172
with knives, bottles, and rocks.
1190
01:25:34,477 --> 01:25:36,375
It's happened often.
1191
01:25:36,995 --> 01:25:41,195
But whenever I go on patrol,
it's very dangerous.
1192
01:25:42,351 --> 01:25:44,055
But I believe in the park.
1193
01:25:44,155 --> 01:25:45,862
I don't want to die,
1194
01:25:45,962 --> 01:25:51,664
but I'll have done all this
work for nothing, if I leave.
1195
01:25:52,968 --> 01:25:54,152
So I stay.
1196
01:25:54,352 --> 01:25:58,566
To protect Ray, the army has
given him an armed guard.
1197
01:25:58,666 --> 01:26:01,358
The main threat comes
from local fishermen.
1198
01:26:01,458 --> 01:26:04,765
Having exhausted fish
stocks outside the park,
1199
01:26:04,865 --> 01:26:07,879
they're forced into poverty
and are desperate...
1200
01:26:07,980 --> 01:26:10,417
to plunder the reefs
that Ray protects.
1201
01:26:13,025 --> 01:26:16,325
I think very much of the
fishermen and their children.
1202
01:26:16,730 --> 01:26:20,230
They go hungry now because
they don't have enough to eat.
1203
01:26:22,570 --> 01:26:24,876
And I know that
they're very poor.
1204
01:26:24,976 --> 01:26:28,774
But I believe that I am right by
stopping them from fishing now,
1205
01:26:31,216 --> 01:26:34,589
so that 10 families can eat in the future,
1206
01:26:34,689 --> 01:26:36,591
or maybe even 100.
1207
01:26:38,425 --> 01:26:40,867
I hope I'm doing something good.
1208
01:26:41,067 --> 01:26:43,294
How to protect the
planet that sustains us,
1209
01:26:43,394 --> 01:26:46,881
and at the same time allow the
development of human societies?
1210
01:26:47,081 --> 01:26:48,747
It's all about balance.
1211
01:26:48,847 --> 01:26:50,808
During our long journey,
1212
01:26:50,908 --> 01:26:54,154
we've learned that we can't
think of people on one side,
1213
01:26:54,254 --> 01:26:55,922
and nature on the other.
1214
01:26:56,022 --> 01:26:59,122
Man is part of nature.
1215
01:27:00,891 --> 01:27:03,103
Fleur de Lampaul
goes back out to sea.
1216
01:27:03,203 --> 01:27:07,103
In 1.5 months we'll reach
the shores of Europe.
1217
01:27:16,555 --> 01:27:19,455
ON THE WAY BACK
1218
01:27:20,241 --> 01:27:23,043
I often look at the sea,
I stare at the horizon,
1219
01:27:23,144 --> 01:27:27,925
and I think that over
there is Europe, France,
1220
01:27:28,290 --> 01:27:33,349
I wonder what's going on, I wonder if
there are people waiting for me there.
1221
01:27:34,007 --> 01:27:37,787
We're at sea somewhere
between the Bahamas and France,
1222
01:27:37,887 --> 01:27:40,487
soon the voyage will be over.
1223
01:27:40,781 --> 01:27:44,707
9 Months ago, we began our
first crossing of the Atlantic,
1224
01:27:44,807 --> 01:27:46,993
heading for French Guiana.
1225
01:27:47,193 --> 01:27:49,066
A few days away from
the French coast.
1226
01:27:49,166 --> 01:27:51,378
We've forgotten nothing
of our adventure,
1227
01:27:51,478 --> 01:27:54,578
neither the happy days,
nor the hard knocks.
1228
01:27:56,391 --> 01:27:59,807
To go on Fleur I had to
take a big step forward,
1229
01:27:59,908 --> 01:28:02,808
leaving my family, my house,
my home, my comfort.
1230
01:28:02,914 --> 01:28:04,746
It's not easy every day,
1231
01:28:04,846 --> 01:28:07,170
and most importantly,
I didn't imagine...
1232
01:28:07,271 --> 01:28:10,371
that this dream would
ask so much from me.
1233
01:28:10,392 --> 01:28:13,796
I think what's hard, is that you have
to always be giving your best...
1234
01:28:13,896 --> 01:28:17,383
to go in the right direction,
so the team is homogeneous,
1235
01:28:17,583 --> 01:28:20,681
so that we achieve our goals.
1236
01:28:27,874 --> 01:28:30,317
After 31 days at sea
since France,
1237
01:28:30,417 --> 01:28:33,703
the shores of South America
were finally in sight.
1238
01:28:33,903 --> 01:28:35,527
Fleur de Lampaul would
spend the winter...
1239
01:28:35,628 --> 01:28:38,673
in the heart of the vast
Amazon rainforest.
1240
01:28:49,118 --> 01:28:53,660
Nature is threatened everywhere by
the development of human societies.
1241
01:28:53,760 --> 01:28:59,860
However some rare communities can still
live in harmony with their environment.
1242
01:29:00,235 --> 01:29:02,078
South of French Guiana,
1243
01:29:02,179 --> 01:29:05,182
we are ready to learn
from the Wayana Indians.
1244
01:29:05,543 --> 01:29:10,741
Don't these people of the forest have
something to teach us Westerners?
1245
01:29:18,420 --> 01:29:20,096
I remember being
among the Wayanas,
1246
01:29:20,196 --> 01:29:22,970
we fished every day
for fish in the river.
1247
01:29:23,070 --> 01:29:26,195
And one day I was fishing
and I thought, it's true,
1248
01:29:26,296 --> 01:29:29,896
the Indians, they have need of this
nature to live every day, it's required.
1249
01:29:30,002 --> 01:29:32,666
What they eat is all around them.
1250
01:29:32,766 --> 01:29:33,875
I caught a fish,
1251
01:29:33,976 --> 01:29:38,076
and I saw that there were gold miners
that polluted the river, close by.
1252
01:29:38,180 --> 01:29:41,065
I thought, they're killing my fish,
they kill what I eat.
1253
01:29:41,165 --> 01:29:44,631
While in France, if someone
pollutes the river near my home,
1254
01:29:44,731 --> 01:29:45,977
I don't think that it's my fish.
1255
01:29:46,078 --> 01:29:48,678
I'll eat the fish which I get
in the supermarket.
1256
01:29:48,763 --> 01:29:51,361
That's good, but you cut there.
1257
01:29:53,905 --> 01:29:55,305
That's it.
1258
01:29:57,936 --> 01:29:59,536
Okay.
1259
01:30:01,128 --> 01:30:02,726
Perhaps we had forgotten it,
1260
01:30:02,826 --> 01:30:07,426
living in cities or the forest, it's
always nature that sustains us.
1261
01:30:08,417 --> 01:30:12,198
-So how should I do it?
-You put your arrow like me,
1262
01:30:12,496 --> 01:30:14,160
like this...
1263
01:30:14,361 --> 01:30:20,274
and you aim well on the
fish and then you shoot.
1264
01:30:20,508 --> 01:30:21,904
Splash...
1265
01:30:24,128 --> 01:30:28,793
In fact, Hetipo...
he's a bit like my brother.
1266
01:30:28,893 --> 01:30:30,541
He's given me so much.
1267
01:30:30,641 --> 01:30:33,580
He taught me a lot about nature,
he knew a lot.
1268
01:30:33,680 --> 01:30:37,110
The Wayanas taught me that having
friends very different from oneself,
1269
01:30:37,111 --> 01:30:40,811
it's very important because you
see something other than you,
1270
01:30:40,912 --> 01:30:45,812
it allows you to have a more objective
judgment on you and on society,
1271
01:30:45,917 --> 01:30:49,136
to be able to benefit from the good
things, see what's bad and what's good,
1272
01:30:49,236 --> 01:30:54,481
and it's true that having different
friends is very rewarding.
1273
01:30:57,347 --> 01:30:58,789
For the Wayanas,
1274
01:30:58,890 --> 01:31:02,990
the warmth of a community life
and respect for mother earth,
1275
01:31:03,081 --> 01:31:07,081
are more important than the
accumulation of material goods.
1276
01:31:07,754 --> 01:31:10,408
Will we be able to draw inspiration
from these Indian values,
1277
01:31:10,508 --> 01:31:12,216
When we return home?
1278
01:31:12,316 --> 01:31:15,390
Anyway, here where we are,
we can't go back...
1279
01:31:15,490 --> 01:31:18,138
and live like prehistoric man.
1280
01:31:18,238 --> 01:31:24,629
Now, what we need to do
is try to live with nature,
1281
01:31:24,729 --> 01:31:27,829
and by destroying it
as little as possible.
1282
01:31:34,667 --> 01:31:36,741
Learning about other
forms of culture,
1283
01:31:36,842 --> 01:31:39,842
does not mean being cut
off from our own society.
1284
01:31:40,035 --> 01:31:45,141
Navigation periods were utilized
to follow the school curriculum,
1285
01:31:45,241 --> 01:31:48,305
and drafting the documents
sent regularly to France,
1286
01:31:48,405 --> 01:31:52,005
where many secondary
schools follow our journey.
1287
01:31:53,080 --> 01:31:56,008
We learn much more than
in the school system,
1288
01:31:56,108 --> 01:31:58,639
we learn tollerance,
we learn to live in a group.
1289
01:31:58,739 --> 01:32:02,030
We learn a little about
the rules of the world.
1290
01:32:02,130 --> 01:32:04,275
People say...
1291
01:32:04,353 --> 01:32:06,553
that travel broadens the mind for
young people, I think that's true.
1292
01:32:06,665 --> 01:32:10,045
On the way to the Bahamas,
we stopped at the Silver Bank,
1293
01:32:10,145 --> 01:32:13,007
to study the reproduction
of humpback whales,
1294
01:32:13,107 --> 01:32:16,507
accompanied by Anne Collet,
marine mammal biologist.
1295
01:32:23,917 --> 01:32:29,364
Swimming with a whale,
it seemed an impossible dream,
1296
01:32:29,599 --> 01:32:34,409
and then we tried it,
and I think it shows us that...
1297
01:32:34,510 --> 01:32:38,010
we should always try
to do the best we can,
1298
01:32:38,138 --> 01:32:41,938
and one has to try to go as far
as possible to realise their dreams.
1299
01:32:48,908 --> 01:32:54,108
For 3 months, Fleur de Lampaul sailed
in the desert islands of the Bahamas.
1300
01:32:54,880 --> 01:32:59,886
So, point number one,
is heading 279,
1301
01:33:00,108 --> 01:33:05,408
for point number two,
it'll be heading 262.
1302
01:33:09,343 --> 01:33:10,507
Their crystal clear waters...
1303
01:33:10,608 --> 01:33:13,908
are home to the most beautiful
coral reefs in the Caribbean.
1304
01:33:14,089 --> 01:33:17,138
Guided by Pierre Lejeune,
a marine biologist,
1305
01:33:17,238 --> 01:33:19,526
we studied the ecology
of the coral there,
1306
01:33:19,626 --> 01:33:22,828
and the impact of humans
on this fragile environment.
1307
01:33:24,809 --> 01:33:28,245
In nature, study is
synonymous with enjoyment,
1308
01:33:28,345 --> 01:33:31,243
and the wonder is
always waiting for you.
1309
01:33:42,311 --> 01:33:45,354
I love the coral reefs,
because...
1310
01:33:45,689 --> 01:33:50,053
it's a bit like a garden,
1311
01:33:50,196 --> 01:33:52,350
with all these animals,
1312
01:33:52,450 --> 01:33:56,714
but a garden which is
a bit in another world,
1313
01:33:56,814 --> 01:33:59,266
in that of the sea and us,
1314
01:33:59,466 --> 01:34:01,861
we go there, but...
1315
01:34:01,958 --> 01:34:04,407
we have no gills, so
we can't stay there long,
1316
01:34:04,507 --> 01:34:09,673
so we just stay for the time
that we can hold our breath,
1317
01:34:09,773 --> 01:34:15,371
and it's a bit like a
secret garden.
1318
01:34:16,568 --> 01:34:22,068
One day in the Bahamas we tried
to feed the giant groupers.
1319
01:34:56,940 --> 01:35:00,572
In the future , I'd like a job
working for the environment,
1320
01:35:00,672 --> 01:35:03,465
to make people aware that
the planet is in danger.
1321
01:35:03,565 --> 01:35:07,809
Before, I wanted to do
a job for me only.
1322
01:35:08,009 --> 01:35:12,163
Now, I want to do a job for me,
but also for others.
1323
01:35:12,263 --> 01:35:13,616
And I want to devote
my whole life to it.
1324
01:35:13,717 --> 01:35:15,917
I think it's so nice to give
and to receive.
1325
01:35:16,088 --> 01:35:18,437
Now, I want to do
something for the Earth,
1326
01:35:18,537 --> 01:35:22,297
because I like nature very much.
1327
01:35:22,397 --> 01:35:24,704
I've learned to love it
during this expedition.
1328
01:35:24,804 --> 01:35:27,505
Already, I'd like that my job
is related to nature.
1329
01:35:27,705 --> 01:35:31,122
I wish that everyone
loved nature like me,
1330
01:35:31,698 --> 01:35:35,122
because I think when you love it,
then you want to protect it.
1331
01:35:40,004 --> 01:35:42,764
I'm happy with what we've
all done together, because...
1332
01:35:42,841 --> 01:35:48,543
it's really a collective effort
and we're proud of it now.
1333
01:35:50,441 --> 01:35:52,954
Approaching the end of the trip,
1334
01:35:53,154 --> 01:35:56,528
we realise that the strongest
thing out of this experience,
1335
01:35:56,728 --> 01:35:59,029
is the human adventure.
1336
01:36:03,531 --> 01:36:05,796
There is no flirting because...
1337
01:36:05,897 --> 01:36:09,197
because it helps to build
a stronger friendship.
1338
01:36:09,268 --> 01:36:10,307
You can say anything to me.
1339
01:36:10,408 --> 01:36:14,408
I like talking about so many
things with the boys,
1340
01:36:14,475 --> 01:36:18,473
and it allows a lot of
confidence in one another.
1341
01:36:18,573 --> 01:36:20,305
We're not going to flirt,
1342
01:36:20,406 --> 01:36:23,685
because on board we have a
moral contract that forbids it,
1343
01:36:23,817 --> 01:36:26,917
and so we're really going to
the heart of friendship.
1344
01:36:27,017 --> 01:36:29,675
At sea, the stars guide sailors.
1345
01:36:29,775 --> 01:36:31,799
Our dreams also
showed us the way.
1346
01:36:31,899 --> 01:36:34,026
But in order for them to
take shape in our lives,
1347
01:36:34,126 --> 01:36:35,854
it took a lot of work.
1348
01:36:35,954 --> 01:36:37,222
It may be that,
1349
01:36:37,322 --> 01:36:39,380
it's this combination of
dream and rigour,
1350
01:36:39,480 --> 01:36:43,274
that makes so memorable,
the Fleur de Lampaul adventure.
1351
01:36:43,374 --> 01:36:47,554
I don't think I could name everything
I've learned from this experience.
1352
01:36:47,654 --> 01:36:51,586
I think it has enriched me
in my culture already,
1353
01:36:51,687 --> 01:36:54,987
because I've learned a lot about
the world in which we live.
1354
01:36:55,054 --> 01:36:58,359
I think that I've
also grown a little.
1355
01:36:58,559 --> 01:37:02,911
I've become a little more
independent and resourceful.
1356
01:37:03,111 --> 01:37:06,304
I've thought a lot about myself thanks
to the others in this expedition.
1357
01:37:06,405 --> 01:37:11,105
I've questioned myself and a lot of
things like that and it's good.
1358
01:37:11,264 --> 01:37:17,158
And now, it's a life that I'm
really used to and I love it,
1359
01:37:17,358 --> 01:37:19,909
and it's true that now
I have two homes,
1360
01:37:20,010 --> 01:37:23,910
I have Fleur and then my house back
home in France with my parents.
1361
01:37:23,993 --> 01:37:25,959
I also have two families.
1362
01:37:26,059 --> 01:37:28,559
It's lovely, we're back.
1363
01:37:29,628 --> 01:37:30,928
Already.
1364
01:37:45,761 --> 01:37:48,701
So here we come,
it's so exciting.
1365
01:37:48,702 --> 01:37:52,102
There's our parents,
all the journalists and everyone.
1366
01:37:55,878 --> 01:37:59,080
Come on, we're gonna party.
1367
01:37:59,411 --> 01:38:01,411
It's good to be back.
1368
01:38:23,693 --> 01:38:25,393
Sweetie.
1369
01:38:29,739 --> 01:38:34,339
What's it like to see your parents
after this long separation?
1370
01:38:34,405 --> 01:38:38,040
It's strange...
we're excited.
1371
01:38:38,140 --> 01:38:42,118
It's really moving, everyone's
waiting for us, it's very loud.
1372
01:38:42,219 --> 01:38:44,019
It's great, it's good.
1373
01:38:44,119 --> 01:38:45,919
We have butterflies
in our stomach.
1374
01:39:11,150 --> 01:39:12,036
Fleur! Fleur!
1375
01:39:12,136 --> 01:39:16,133
We rejoin our families of the land
and leave our family of the sea.
1376
01:39:16,233 --> 01:39:19,613
But the path begun on the
ocean will continue with us,
1377
01:39:19,713 --> 01:39:22,671
because we've learned
to believe in our dreams.
1378
01:39:22,871 --> 01:39:26,770
As for Fleur, next year,
she'll leave again.
1379
01:39:31,361 --> 01:39:33,516
Well, we've dived with whales,
1380
01:39:33,616 --> 01:39:38,997
through their writings,
we felt really close to her.
1381
01:39:39,097 --> 01:39:41,183
Then the end of the story is...
1382
01:39:41,283 --> 01:39:44,185
It's from the bottom of our hearts.
1383
01:39:50,678 --> 01:39:54,223
http://tinyurl.com/cco7yhx
1383
01:39:55,305 --> 01:40:55,614
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