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- Let's talk about another situation
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where you need to mark up certain bits of content
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as having a different meaning than the rest.
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Subscripts, superscripts, and small text.
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Subscripts are characters that are set
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below the normal baseline for text.
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Did you ever take a chemistry class
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and learn how to write the formula for water, H2O,
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where the two is lowered down
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than the H and the O?
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The two character is typeset as a subscript.
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It's set lower down.
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Superscripts are characters that are set
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above the normal baseline of text.
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Mathematical formulas have lots of superscripts,
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like five squared.
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Or in footnotes, the little marker for a footnote
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is a superscript.
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To mark up subscripts and superscripts,
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we'll use the sub and sup elements.
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H2O looks wrong like this.
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I'll wrap the two in its sub-element,
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and now it drops down below the baseline
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and gets a little smaller.
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Next, let's format this number for the footnote.
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If we wrap the little two in sup for superscript,
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now it jumps up higher and gets a little smaller.
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That makes more sense.
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This is how to handle subscripts and superscripts
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in HTML with the sub and sup elements.
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You can use these in math as well.
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Although if you are putting complex equations on a website,
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you should look into MathML.
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It's a specialized markup language for math,
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and it's more powerful than what HTML can do.
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The other situation that we find ourselves in,
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we often need a way to mark something as fine print,
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small stuff that's not important
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but still needs to be there.
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Copyright information is an example
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or other content that might be tossed
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into the footer on the bottom of a page.
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We could wrap it in a paragraph element,
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but if we want the browser to know
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that this has very little prominence,
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it's small in its level of importance,
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we can mark it up with a small element.
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Now, we don't use small because we just want to make
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a certain passage of text smaller.
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We use CSS to adjust the size of text
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to be any size that we want, large or small.
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It is correct, however, to mark text
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that has a small meaning.
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Just like you use strong to mark something
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that has a lot of importance,
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you can use small to convey
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that something has very little prominence.
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The fine print at the bottom of a page
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regarding ownership of the content is a great example.
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It's not that we want this text to go away.
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We can just simply tell the browser,
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"Hey, this is the fine print.
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"It's not the main attraction."
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Small, sub, and sup are the elements
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that can help you get the details right
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when it comes to typography and conveying
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the full meaning of your content.
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