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In this lecture we're gonna be talking about tangents and how to create space and depth in your drawings.
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So all this stuff goes kind of hand-in-hand.
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So let's go ahead and let's first start talking about tangents and overlap and how that plays into our
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character design.
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So I want to start by just drawing a simple house profile because I think that this will be a nice simple
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way for you to understand what a tangent line is
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so we have a little house right there.
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Now what we're going to do is we're gonna go ahead we're going to draw another house.
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Let's say that this is a two story house we're gonna draw a one story house right next to it.
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So right by the side of it.
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So start by drawing the roof
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a little door.
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All right great.
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So this right here is an example of Tangent lines.
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So what a tangent line is it's where lines just basically touch or line up together and it doesn't really
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look very good and our designs for multiple reasons one reason is just the fact that we can't really
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tell any depth from this.
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So we can't tell if this house right here is further back or further forward than this one because they're
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right next to each other and where a tangent line is is our tangent line is right here.
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That line right there were the two houses are touching together.
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That's our tangent line.
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So how can we fix this.
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Well what we can do to fix a changing line is we can either move them apart or we can create an overlap
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and overlap is gonna be the best way to create not just a non tangent line but to create depth in our
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drawings.
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So let's go ahead and let's redraw this so to start by lightly drawing out my two story house
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and then I'm gonna go ahead and I'm going to overlap it with
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my one story house like that and take my razor in a race out this line right here and then I'll go ahead
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and darken that in
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right.
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Great.
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So with this what we've done is we've created an overlap.
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So now we have some depth
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so by overlapping these it gave us some depth because now we know that this little small house right
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here is a little bit further forward and in front of this big house because it's overlapping.
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If we were to reverse them so the big houses in front of the little house.
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Then we would know the big house was further in front of the little house.
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So by overlapping objects that gives us a depth.
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So right here we have overlap
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but also at the same time we still have a tangent line.
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Can you guess where it is.
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It's right here that right there is our tangent line.
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So we still have a tangent line going on in this design.
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So even though we have achieved depth by overlapping the two objects we still created a tangent line.
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So this is another form of Tangent lines that we want to avoid.
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So anytime you're drawing a character or a background or anything like that you don't ever want lines
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that are separate objects to basically connect into each other.
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So the way we can fix this is by moving the small house over just a little bit more.
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So let's go ahead.
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Let's redraw this
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and we can go ahead and darken these lines
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at a little door.
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And then this house the door be covered because it's covering it a little bit more than it was over
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here.
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So there we go.
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Now we have an overlap and it's not just overlapping but we got rid of that tangent line.
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So these two lines right there are no longer lined up.
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And so we've achieved a much better composition for this drawing of these two houses.
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So let's just review this really quick before we move on.
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So a tangent line is lines that are touching together and we want to avoid that.
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So the way we can do that is by creating overlap or we can also move things apart.
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So we could avoid this by moving these houses apart so there's a space between them.
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But generally we want to get that overlap Overlap is what's going to create that space in depth in our
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drawings.
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So we went ahead and we overlapped it but it still created this tangent line right here.
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So we don't ever want lines to draw one line from an object into the line of another object.
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We want to split that up and then we moved it over just a little bit more to break up that tangent line
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and then we have true overlap without any Tangent lines.
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So let's have a look at just a few more examples so let's say that we're drawn to characters right next
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to each other.
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All right.
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So we have two characters to form standing right next to each other.
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And we have a tangent line going on in here.
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So let's go ahead Mark that out
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so we want to avoid this tangent line that doesn't look very good because we can't tell which characters
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in front or which character is behind.
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So let's go ahead and let's try redrawing this and let's give them a nice overlap and get rid of all
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of our Tangent lines so one way we can get rid of Tangent lines is by making lines going in opposite
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directions or having the opposite angle.
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So for example if I draw this guy more like this angle that way and then the other guy can be angled
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more this way that's go ahead and give him next
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right.
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So now we've just achieved some overlap.
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So we took this guy we put him in front and we put bad guy behind him.
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And so not only did we achieve that overlap but it creates that depth.
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Now we know that this guy's further back than this guy.
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And so that's what creating overlap is all about.
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It's just creating that depth and space in your drawings.
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All right.
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Let's have a look at some other examples so let's say that we're drawing something a little bit more
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three dimensional so let's draw something in perspective.
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So I want to go ahead and create a vanishing point right there and then I'm gonna go ahead and I'm going
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to draw
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square shape like that and then I can go ahead and connect my lines back to my vanishing point and actually
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I'm gonna move that Vanishing Point down just a little bit more so we can see the bottom surface of
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that cube.
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Sorry.
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They're gonna connect each corner back to that vanishing point and then we can go ahead just draw that
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Cuban.
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All right great.
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So now we have a cube there.
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Now we can go ahead and we can overlap this cube over another form so let's say a cylinder for example.
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So all we have to do is draw the beginning of a cylinder which is just a circle that we just have to
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make sure that we draw it behind that cube and then we can go ahead and connect the edges of that circle.
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You can have to kind of lightly draw it in right there so we know the edges
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and we'll go ahead and draw the profile of the cylinder and then we can go back in there and you race
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out these guidelines
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so there we go.
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So there's some overlapping forms and all we have to do to flip this around is basic or not flip it
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but just flip the position of these is we just have to put the circle in front of the square.
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So let's go ahead and let's try drawing this against would draw a vanishing point and they're going
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to draw a circle first and then draw a square.
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I'm just going to draw him in lightly for now.
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All right.
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So we'll start by drawing or cylinder.
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Go ahead and bring that back to the vanishing point
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try the other edge of the cylinder.
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Those edges right there will draw a cube
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that will connect back to this vanishing point that edge right there somewhere if they were going at
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that piece going up that corner.
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So there we go.
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So now we have the cylinder in front of the queue and so you can see by changing what is overlapping
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what it tells you what's in front of the of what.
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And not only that but it just creates that depth.
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I keep seeing this because I want to hit home with this is that you need to create as much depth and
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you're drawn as possible so when you're drawing a character if it just looks flat it's not going to
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look that good but the more depth you have and the more understanding of that form you have the better
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your drawing and character design is going to look.
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And one way we achieve that is by doing overlap.
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All right.
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So let's have a look at another example so let's say that we're drawing a character and let's say this
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character is kind of peeking around a corner
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draw his head his chest his torso
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drawn arm
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darknet and
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right.
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So there we go there's a character who's kind of peeking around the corner of a building.
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I haven't drawn the building in because I don't want to demonstrate that yet.
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First I just want to point out that we have some overlap going on here and that's not the purpose of
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this drawing as you.
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I just want to point it out but that's another example of overlap right there.
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Is his hand overlapping his body tells us that his hand is further forward than his body and also his
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his jaw line or his head over his neck.
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That's overlapping.
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And so that tells us that his head is a little bit further forward than his neck.
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So those are just two more examples of overlap.
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But what I want to talk about is a tangent line that I should really avoid.
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So like we talked about here where one line of an object goes into another.
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It can also just be objects just touching each other right at the tip.
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So for example if he's peeking around a building and we draw the building right there the edge of the
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building and his elbow is basically touching it.
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Well now we cannot tell whether he is in front of the building behind the building or whether he's right
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at the corner in his elbow was touching that corner.
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We can't tell because those are touching.
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So we want to avoid this that is not good.
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Well we want to do is we want to overlap because that way it will tell us that the building is in front
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of him and that he's kind of peeking out behind that building.
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So we can go ahead and draw the building like that and that's gonna create much better composition.
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So even when you're just drawing a single character design without a background or anything you just
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want to avoid that as much as possible.
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So if they if they're wearing some sort of costume you don't ever want Tangent lines that are touching
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like that.
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All right.
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Now let's have a look at one more example.
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So this example kind of demonstrate where this is gonna show up when you're drawing characters where
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you wanted to overlap and stuff like that and how it creates space.
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So let's say for example that we're drawing a body somebody go ahead and just kind of draw a diamond
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shape like that for the pelvis area.
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Draw thigh draw a circle for the kneecap for kind of a trapezoid shape.
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For the calf the minimum draw footing.
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So I'm just keeping these nice and simple forms of shapes gone dark in that and
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all right.
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So let's say that we have a character and there standing there like that.
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Now that's not very dynamic but that's okay.
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This is just for demonstration purposes.
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So right now we can't really tell that much about the space that our character is standing and we're
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just basically going straight on side view without any perspective.
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And in reality what we're getting here is we're actually getting Tangent lines you don't know it because
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you can't see it.
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But he basically has another leg standing directly behind this leg and it's causing a tangent line that
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you just can't see and that's boring and it looks bad.
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So what we want to do is we want to add some space to this and all we have to do is let's say that the
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camera kind of angles up a little bit more is looking down.
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We're gonna start to see the other foot and the other leg.
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So for example we can go ahead just start drawing the other foot and leg in there.
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That stretch drawing the other shin in the kneecap
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and then we can go ahead and have a shadow on the ground being cast from the body
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all right but there we go.
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So you can see right there just by adding that second foot a little bit higher up and behind this leg
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right here.
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It creates the overlap and it creates that space because now you can almost imagine that he's standing
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on a surface.
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If I were to kind of draw some lines in to represent that surface you can see that he would be standing
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on a surface like that.
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And we created that space in our drawing that sort of perspective just by having that second leg in
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there.
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So just to recap we want to avoid Tangent lines any type of tangent line is bad and we want to create
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as much overlap as we can without making things look weird.
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But if it's natural we want to create natural overlap so such as this hand right here or that second
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leg back there we want to create that overlap because that creates depth and space and our drawing.
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Thanks for watching this lecture and I will see you guys in the next one.
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