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THE FIRST WHITE MEN
OF YOUR PEOPLE
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00:00:21,376 --> 00:00:25,175
WHO CAME TO OUR COUNTRY
WERE NAMED LEWIS AND CLARK.
3
00:00:27,808 --> 00:00:30,842
ALL THE NEZ PERCE MADE FRIENDS
WITH LEWIS AND CLARK
4
00:00:30,875 --> 00:00:33,942
AND AGREED TO LET THEM
PASS THROUGH THEIR COUNTRY
5
00:00:33,975 --> 00:00:36,542
AND NEVER TO MAKE WAR
ON WHITE MEN.
6
00:00:38,542 --> 00:00:42,075
THIS PROMISE THE NEZ PERCE
HAVE NEVER BROKEN.
7
00:00:42,109 --> 00:00:44,975
IT HAS ALWAYS BEEN
THE PRIDE OF THE NEZ PERCE
8
00:00:45,009 --> 00:00:48,908
THAT THEY WERE THE FRIENDS
OF THE WHITE MEN.
9
00:00:48,942 --> 00:00:50,309
CHIEF JOSEPH.
10
00:00:56,609 --> 00:01:00,442
IN 1871,
AN AGING NEZ PERCE CHIEF
11
00:01:00,476 --> 00:01:01,942
SUMMONED ONE OF HIS SONS,
12
00:01:01,975 --> 00:01:05,476
HIN-MAH-TOO-YAH-LAT-KEKHT,
ALSO CALLED JOSEPH,
13
00:01:05,509 --> 00:01:07,576
TO HIS DEATHBED.
14
00:01:07,609 --> 00:01:09,743
THEIR HOMELAND
IN THE WALLOWA COUNTRY
15
00:01:09,775 --> 00:01:11,542
OF NORTHEASTERN OREGON
16
00:01:11,576 --> 00:01:14,409
WAS BEING OVERWHELMED
BY WHITE SETTLERS.
17
00:01:16,609 --> 00:01:18,309
AFTER 3/4 OF A CENTURY
18
00:01:18,342 --> 00:01:21,142
OF UNBROKEN PEACE
WITH THE UNITED STATES,
19
00:01:21,175 --> 00:01:23,676
THE NEZ PERCE FELT BETRAYED.
20
00:01:27,309 --> 00:01:28,609
ALTHOUGH THE GOVERNMENT CLAIMED
21
00:01:28,643 --> 00:01:31,109
A TREATY PERMITTED
THE NEW SETTLEMENTS,
22
00:01:31,142 --> 00:01:34,042
JOSEPH'S BAND
HAD NEVER SIGNED THAT TREATY
23
00:01:34,075 --> 00:01:37,309
AND INSISTED THE LAND
STILL BELONGED TO THEM.
24
00:01:40,409 --> 00:01:41,542
MY FATHER WAS THE FIRST
25
00:01:41,576 --> 00:01:44,009
TO SEE THROUGH THE SCHEMES
OF THE WHITE MEN.
26
00:01:47,842 --> 00:01:53,242
HE SAID, "MY SON,
WHEN I AM GONE,
27
00:01:53,276 --> 00:01:56,209
"YOU ARE THE CHIEF
OF THESE PEOPLE.
28
00:01:56,242 --> 00:01:58,009
"ALWAYS REMEMBER
THAT YOUR FATHER
29
00:01:58,042 --> 00:02:01,009
"NEVER SOLD HIS COUNTRY.
30
00:02:01,042 --> 00:02:03,643
"YOU MUST STOP YOUR EARS
WHENEVER YOU ARE ASKED
31
00:02:03,676 --> 00:02:07,342
"TO SIGN A TREATY
SELLING YOUR HOME.
32
00:02:07,376 --> 00:02:11,576
MY SON, NEVER FORGET
MY DYING WORDS."
33
00:02:14,542 --> 00:02:17,808
"THIS COUNTRY HOLDS
YOUR FATHER'S BODY.
34
00:02:17,842 --> 00:02:20,509
NEVER SELL THE BONES
OF YOUR FATHER AND MOTHER."
35
00:02:22,576 --> 00:02:24,075
I PRESSED MY FATHER'S HAND
36
00:02:24,109 --> 00:02:29,376
AND TOLD HIM I WOULD
PROTECT HIS GRAVE WITH MY LIFE.
37
00:02:29,409 --> 00:02:32,643
A MAN WHO WOULD NOT
LOVE HIS FATHER'S GRAVE
38
00:02:32,676 --> 00:02:36,309
IS WORSE THAN
A WILD ANIMAL.
39
00:02:36,342 --> 00:02:37,743
CHIEF JOSEPH.
40
00:03:43,476 --> 00:03:46,676
BY 1874, RAILROADS HAD BROUGHT
41
00:03:46,709 --> 00:03:49,442
MILLIONS OF SETTLERS
TO THE WEST,
42
00:03:49,476 --> 00:03:52,676
OPENING UP NEW LANDS
FOR HOMESTEADERS,
43
00:03:52,709 --> 00:03:54,709
ELIMINATING
THE GREAT BUFFALO HERDS
44
00:03:54,743 --> 00:03:57,276
FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS,
45
00:03:57,309 --> 00:03:59,442
CHANGING FOREVER
THE LIVES OF THOSE
46
00:03:59,476 --> 00:04:02,342
WHO CALLED THE WEST
THEIR HOME.
47
00:04:04,309 --> 00:04:05,875
AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
48
00:04:05,908 --> 00:04:09,875
BEGAN CONSOLIDATING ITS CONTROL
OVER THE ENTIRE REGION
49
00:04:09,908 --> 00:04:11,942
AS IT NEVER HAD BEFORE.
50
00:04:19,476 --> 00:04:24,175
BY 1874, WASHINGTON HAD MOUNTED
STILL ANOTHER ASSAULT
51
00:04:24,209 --> 00:04:27,808
ON THE MORMONS WHO HAD
SOUGHT SANCTUARY IN UTAH...
52
00:04:30,242 --> 00:04:32,409
AND THE PROPHET
WHO HAD BROUGHT THEM THERE
53
00:04:32,442 --> 00:04:35,908
WOULD BE FORCED TO CHOOSE
BETWEEN SAVING HIS CHURCH
54
00:04:35,942 --> 00:04:38,643
OR SACRIFICING
HIS SPIRITUAL SON.
55
00:04:42,609 --> 00:04:45,609
BY 1874, THE GOVERNMENT
HAD FORCED
56
00:04:45,643 --> 00:04:51,409
THE CAYUSE, MIWOK, AND YOKUT,
THE UTE AND COEUR D'ALENE,
57
00:04:51,442 --> 00:04:57,775
THE MODOC, THE PAIUTE, SHOSHONE,
AND NAVAJO TO SURRENDER.
58
00:04:57,808 --> 00:05:02,109
MOST TRIBES WERE OFFICIALLY
CONFINED TO RESERVATIONS NOW,
59
00:05:02,142 --> 00:05:05,042
DEPENDENT FOR THEIR SURVIVAL
ON GOVERNMENT RATIONS
60
00:05:05,075 --> 00:05:08,376
THAT OFTEN DID NOT ARRIVE
61
00:05:08,409 --> 00:05:10,908
AND ON THE WHIMS
OF GOVERNMENT AGENTS
62
00:05:10,942 --> 00:05:12,775
WHO OFTEN DID NOT CARE.
63
00:05:15,775 --> 00:05:17,942
BUT A FEW BANDS HELD OUT,
64
00:05:17,975 --> 00:05:21,142
CONVINCED THEY COULD STILL
LIVE AS THEY WISHED SOMEHOW,
65
00:05:21,175 --> 00:05:26,075
IN A WEST THAT HAD ALREADY
BEEN TRANSFORMED.
66
00:05:26,109 --> 00:05:30,209
BETWEEN 1874 AND 1877,
67
00:05:30,242 --> 00:05:33,676
THEY WOULD MAKE THEIR LAST STAND
TO REMAIN FREE.
68
00:05:37,109 --> 00:05:38,908
A LAKOTA MEDICINE MAN
69
00:05:38,942 --> 00:05:42,042
WHO SAW THE AMERICANS
AS HIS MORTAL ENEMIES
70
00:05:42,075 --> 00:05:45,109
BECAME A SYMBOL
OF ARMED RESISTANCE
71
00:05:45,142 --> 00:05:50,476
AND WOULD WIN THE GREATEST
VICTORY OF THE INDIAN WARS,
72
00:05:50,509 --> 00:05:53,042
ONLY TO BRING DOWN
UPON HIS PEOPLE
73
00:05:53,075 --> 00:05:55,542
THE WRATH
OF AN AVENGING NATION...
74
00:05:57,975 --> 00:06:00,075
WHILE A NEZ PERCE CHIEF
75
00:06:00,109 --> 00:06:04,376
WHO HAD STRUGGLED ALL HIS LIFE
TO MAINTAIN PEACE WITH WHITES
76
00:06:04,409 --> 00:06:06,442
WOULD FIND HIMSELF
HELPING TO LEAD
77
00:06:06,476 --> 00:06:09,376
ONE OF THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY
MILITARY CAMPAIGNS
78
00:06:09,409 --> 00:06:10,908
IN AMERICAN HISTORY.
79
00:06:14,342 --> 00:06:18,409
TO DEFEAT THEM, THE GOVERNMENT
WOULD CALL ON AN UNLIKELY ARMY
80
00:06:18,442 --> 00:06:24,175
MADE UP OF IMMIGRANTS,
FUGITIVES, SOCIAL OUTCASTS,
81
00:06:24,209 --> 00:06:27,509
AND A DASHING YOUNG HERO
OF THE CIVIL WAR
82
00:06:27,542 --> 00:06:32,875
WHO CAME WEST PURSUING A VISION
OF HIS OWN INVINCIBILITY,
83
00:06:32,908 --> 00:06:35,009
ONLY TO CONFRONT AN ENEMY
84
00:06:35,042 --> 00:06:37,775
WHOSE VISIONS WOULD PROVE
EVEN STRONGER.
85
00:06:43,709 --> 00:06:47,709
I NEVER TAUGHT MY PEOPLE
TO TRUST AMERICANS.
86
00:06:47,743 --> 00:06:50,109
I HAVE TOLD THEM THE TRUTH--
87
00:06:50,142 --> 00:06:53,676
THAT THE AMERICANS
ARE GREAT LIARS.
88
00:06:53,709 --> 00:06:56,842
I HAVE NEVER
DEALT WITH THE AMERICANS.
89
00:06:56,875 --> 00:06:59,075
WHY SHOULD I?
90
00:06:59,109 --> 00:07:02,743
THE LAND
BELONGED TO MY PEOPLE.
91
00:07:02,775 --> 00:07:04,009
SITTING BULL.
92
00:07:38,175 --> 00:07:43,442
IT IS SUCH AN UNLIKELY
PLACE IN THE LANDSCAPE.
93
00:07:43,476 --> 00:07:45,442
IT IS AN ISLAND,
94
00:07:45,476 --> 00:07:50,075
AND IT'S THERE IN THIS VASTNESS
OF THE GREAT PLAINS,
95
00:07:50,109 --> 00:07:51,509
BUT IT IS RICH.
96
00:07:51,542 --> 00:07:54,142
IT IS FULL OF TIMBER,
FULL OF GAME.
97
00:07:58,676 --> 00:08:03,109
IT'S A PLACE
WHERE THUNDER RESOUNDS
98
00:08:03,142 --> 00:08:04,743
MORE THAN IN OTHER PLACES,
99
00:08:04,775 --> 00:08:08,908
AND SO IT'S THOUGHT TO BE
THE PLACE OF THE DEITIES.
100
00:08:12,009 --> 00:08:13,942
WHEN YOU SEE
THE BLACK HILLS,
101
00:08:13,975 --> 00:08:17,908
YOU UNDERSTAND SOMETHING ABOUT
THE SPIRITUAL ASPECT OF IT.
102
00:08:19,676 --> 00:08:23,209
YOU ENJOYED, UH...
103
00:08:23,242 --> 00:08:26,376
THE WEALTH
OF THE LAND THERE,
104
00:08:26,409 --> 00:08:29,109
AND AT THE SAME TIME,
YOU RESTORED YOURSELF,
105
00:08:29,142 --> 00:08:31,342
NOT ONLY PHYSICALLY,
BUT SPIRITUALLY.
106
00:08:35,376 --> 00:08:38,075
IN THE SUMMER OF 1874,
107
00:08:38,109 --> 00:08:40,376
MORE THAN 1,000 SOLDIERS,
108
00:08:40,409 --> 00:08:46,109
100 WAGONS, 61 ARIKARA SCOUTS,
AND 3 NEWSPAPERMEN
109
00:08:46,142 --> 00:08:48,409
MARCHED OUT OF
FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN
110
00:08:48,442 --> 00:08:52,942
IN THE DAKOTA TERRITORY
AND STARTED SOUTHWEST,
111
00:08:52,975 --> 00:08:55,509
STRAIGHT INTO
THE BLACK HILLS--
112
00:08:55,542 --> 00:08:59,009
AN AREA THE LAKOTA CONSIDERED
SACRED GROUND.
113
00:09:01,576 --> 00:09:04,442
OFFICIALLY, THE SOLDIERS
WERE LOOKING FOR A SITE
114
00:09:04,476 --> 00:09:06,309
ON WHICH TO BUILD A FORT
115
00:09:06,342 --> 00:09:10,609
SO THAT THEY COULD
KEEP AN EYE ON THE LAKOTA.
116
00:09:10,643 --> 00:09:15,109
UNOFFICIALLY,
THEY WERE LOOKING FOR GOLD.
117
00:09:15,142 --> 00:09:18,175
I SAY THAT OUR OBJECT
IS A PEACEFUL ONE,
118
00:09:18,209 --> 00:09:21,743
BUT I HAVE NO IDEA
THAT OUR TRIP WILL BE.
119
00:09:21,775 --> 00:09:24,808
THE INDIANS HAVE LONG OPPOSED
ALL EFFORTS OF WHITE MEN
120
00:09:24,842 --> 00:09:26,975
TO ENTER THE BLACK HILLS,
121
00:09:27,009 --> 00:09:29,376
BUT I HAVE
A WELL-EQUIPPED FORCE,
122
00:09:29,409 --> 00:09:32,676
STRONG ENOUGH
TO TAKE CARE OF ITSELF.
123
00:09:32,709 --> 00:09:35,009
GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER.
124
00:09:37,109 --> 00:09:38,709
AT THE HEAD OF THE EXPEDITION
125
00:09:38,743 --> 00:09:42,442
RODE THE ARMY'S MOST CELEBRATED
INDIAN FIGHTER,
126
00:09:42,476 --> 00:09:45,242
THE COMMANDER
OF THE SEVENTH CAVALRY,
127
00:09:45,276 --> 00:09:47,743
GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER.
128
00:09:52,409 --> 00:09:54,476
AN OHIO BLACKSMITH'S SON
129
00:09:54,509 --> 00:09:58,542
WHO WAS GRADUATED AT THE BOTTOM
OF HIS CLASS AT WEST POINT,
130
00:09:58,576 --> 00:10:00,409
AT 23 HE HAD BECOME
131
00:10:00,442 --> 00:10:04,643
THE YOUNGEST GENERAL
IN THE UNION ARMY.
132
00:10:04,676 --> 00:10:06,808
IMPULSIVE AND HIGH-SPIRITED,
133
00:10:06,842 --> 00:10:08,975
HE HAD LED THE CHARGE
AGAINST THE CONFEDERATES
134
00:10:09,009 --> 00:10:13,676
AT GETTYSBURG,
WINCHESTER, FIVE FORKS.
135
00:10:13,709 --> 00:10:16,442
11 HORSES HAD BEEN
SHOT OUT FROM UNDER HIM.
136
00:10:18,242 --> 00:10:21,576
OH, COULD YOU HAVE BUT SEEN
SOME OF THE CHARGES WE MADE.
137
00:10:21,609 --> 00:10:24,609
I GAVE THE COMMAND
"FORWARD,"
138
00:10:24,643 --> 00:10:28,109
AND I NEVER EXPECT
TO SEE A PRETTIER SIGHT.
139
00:10:28,142 --> 00:10:31,342
WHILE THINKING OF THEM,
I CANNOT BUT EXCLAIM,
140
00:10:31,376 --> 00:10:33,042
"GLORIOUS WAR!"
141
00:10:35,209 --> 00:10:38,342
HIS JUDGMENT WOULD OFTEN
BE CALLED INTO QUESTION,
142
00:10:38,376 --> 00:10:42,042
BUT NO ONE EVER QUESTIONED
HIS HEADLONG COURAGE.
143
00:10:43,942 --> 00:10:45,875
HE WAS A SELF-PROMOTER.
144
00:10:45,908 --> 00:10:48,342
HE WAS A MAN
WHO RODE TO THE TOP
145
00:10:48,376 --> 00:10:51,908
OVER THE BACKS
OF FALLEN COMRADES--
146
00:10:51,942 --> 00:10:54,142
NOT THAT HE DIDN'T
TAKE THE RISKS THAT THEY DID,
147
00:10:54,175 --> 00:10:55,609
BUT HE WAS TAKING THOSE RISKS
148
00:10:55,643 --> 00:10:57,576
SO THAT HE COULD
GET PROMOTION FOR HIMSELF,
149
00:10:57,609 --> 00:10:59,509
AND A LOT OF MEN FELL
150
00:10:59,542 --> 00:11:02,142
BECAUSE CUSTER
WAS LEADING THEM INTO SITUATIONS
151
00:11:02,175 --> 00:11:05,042
THAT HE SHOULDN'T HAVE
BEEN LEADING THEM INTO.
152
00:11:05,075 --> 00:11:06,676
ONCE HE'D COME WEST,
153
00:11:06,709 --> 00:11:09,875
CUSTER DESIGNED FOR HIMSELF
A DISTINCTIVE COSTUME
154
00:11:09,908 --> 00:11:13,509
MEANT TO CATCH THE EYE
OF VISITING NEWSPAPERMEN.
155
00:11:13,542 --> 00:11:16,576
THE CHEYENNE ESPECIALLY ADMIRED
THE WAY HE LOOKED
156
00:11:16,609 --> 00:11:20,242
AND BEGAN TO CALL HIM
"YELLOW HAIR."
157
00:11:20,276 --> 00:11:24,409
BUT DURING HIS FIRST CAMPAIGN
AGAINST THEM IN 1867,
158
00:11:24,442 --> 00:11:28,209
HIS CAREER HAD VERY NEARLY
COME TO AN END.
159
00:11:28,242 --> 00:11:30,643
OUT HUNTING ONE DAY
WITH HIS HOUNDS,
160
00:11:30,676 --> 00:11:31,775
FAR FROM HIS COLUMN
161
00:11:31,808 --> 00:11:34,075
AND IN THE HEART
OF INDIAN COUNTRY,
162
00:11:34,109 --> 00:11:37,376
HE GALLOPED AFTER A BUFFALO,
AIMED HIS REVOLVER--
163
00:11:39,209 --> 00:11:43,009
AND SOMEHOW SHOT HIS OWN HORSE
THROUGH THE HEAD.
164
00:11:43,042 --> 00:11:44,109
THE HORSE DID A FLIP,
165
00:11:44,142 --> 00:11:47,242
AND HE DID A FLIP
AND HE CAME UP ON HIS FEET.
166
00:11:47,276 --> 00:11:48,875
NOW HERE HE WAS ALL ALONE
OUT IN THE PRAIRIE
167
00:11:48,908 --> 00:11:50,509
IN THE MIDDLE OF
HOSTILE TERRITORY,
168
00:11:50,542 --> 00:11:53,743
SUPPOSEDLY ON AN EXPEDITION
AGAINST HOSTILE INDIANS,
169
00:11:53,775 --> 00:11:56,175
HAVING SHOT HIS HORSE
IN THE HEAD
170
00:11:56,209 --> 00:11:59,109
ON A FOOL CHASE
AFTER A BUFFALO.
171
00:11:59,142 --> 00:12:02,242
ON FOOT, BRUISED,
AND TOTALLY LOST,
172
00:12:02,276 --> 00:12:06,276
HE HAD TO BE RESCUED
BY HIS OWN MEN.
173
00:12:06,309 --> 00:12:10,209
THEN, IN 1868,
HE MOUNTED A SURPRISE ATTACK
174
00:12:10,242 --> 00:12:13,409
ON BLACK KETTLE'S CHEYENNE
ON THE OUACHITA
175
00:12:13,442 --> 00:12:17,175
THAT ESTABLISHED HIS REPUTATION
AS AN INDIAN FIGHTER
176
00:12:17,209 --> 00:12:20,042
AND MADE HIM A HERO
IN THE NEWSPAPERS.
177
00:12:22,676 --> 00:12:24,908
NOW CUSTER AND HIS SOLDIERS
178
00:12:24,942 --> 00:12:28,376
HAD RIDDEN RIGHT INTO THE HEART
OF THE BLACK HILLS,
179
00:12:28,409 --> 00:12:31,676
THE LAKOTA'S
MOST PRIZED HUNTING GROUND.
180
00:12:34,142 --> 00:12:37,609
AUGUST 15, 1874.
181
00:12:37,643 --> 00:12:41,142
WE HAVE DISCOVERED A RICH
AND BEAUTIFUL COUNTRY.
182
00:12:41,175 --> 00:12:44,609
WE HAVE BEEN IN AND THROUGH
THE BLACK HILLS,
183
00:12:44,643 --> 00:12:47,075
AND I HAVE THE PROUD
SATISFACTION OF KNOWING
184
00:12:47,109 --> 00:12:48,276
THAT OUR EXPLORATIONS
185
00:12:48,309 --> 00:12:51,609
HAVE EXCEEDED THE MOST
SANGUINE EXPECTATIONS...
186
00:12:53,342 --> 00:12:57,609
AND I HAVE REACHED THE HUNTER'S
HIGHEST ROUND OF FAME--
187
00:12:57,643 --> 00:12:59,342
I HAVE KILLED MY GRIZZLY.
188
00:13:02,042 --> 00:13:07,242
CUSTER'S MEN FISHED,
HUNTED, PLAYED BASEBALL,
189
00:13:07,276 --> 00:13:11,409
AND THEY FOUND GOLD--
NOT A REAL BONANZA,
190
00:13:11,442 --> 00:13:14,676
BUT ENOUGH TO PERSUADE THEM
TO LINE UP SHOULDER-TO-SHOULDER
191
00:13:14,709 --> 00:13:15,875
ALONG THE CREEK
192
00:13:15,908 --> 00:13:18,908
TO TRY THEIR LUCK AT PANNING--
193
00:13:18,942 --> 00:13:22,743
MORE THAN ENOUGH TO INSPIRE
WILD-EYED STORIES IN THE PRESS
194
00:13:22,775 --> 00:13:26,975
OF PAY DIRT
FROM THE GRASS ROOTS DOWN.
195
00:13:27,009 --> 00:13:29,209
FROM EVERY CORNER
OF THE COUNTRY,
196
00:13:29,242 --> 00:13:31,542
GOLD-HUNGRY WHITES
POURED IN.
197
00:13:37,075 --> 00:13:41,509
THEY WOULD SOON BANG TOGETHER
A DOZEN MINING CAMPS--
198
00:13:41,542 --> 00:13:44,242
DEADWOOD, BLACKTAIL,
199
00:13:44,276 --> 00:13:46,542
GOLDEN GATE,
200
00:13:46,576 --> 00:13:48,242
AND CUSTER CITY.
201
00:13:53,509 --> 00:13:55,142
BUT THE MINERS' INVASION
202
00:13:55,175 --> 00:13:59,009
VIOLATED THE FORT LARAMIE
TREATY OF 1868,
203
00:13:59,042 --> 00:14:01,743
SIGNED BY THE LAKOTA
AND THE UNITED STATES
204
00:14:01,775 --> 00:14:05,743
AFTER YEARS OF COSTLY WARFARE
ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS.
205
00:14:08,276 --> 00:14:09,609
IN THE TREATY,
206
00:14:09,643 --> 00:14:12,743
THE LAKOTA AGREED
TO STOP HARASSING TRAVELERS,
207
00:14:12,775 --> 00:14:17,209
RAIDING SETTLERS,
ATTACKING ARMY UNITS.
208
00:14:17,242 --> 00:14:20,808
IN EXCHANGE, THE UNITED STATES
PROMISED THE LAKOTA
209
00:14:20,842 --> 00:14:24,409
THAT THE BLACK HILLS
WOULD BE THEIRS FOREVER.
210
00:14:27,476 --> 00:14:28,709
SO MANY TIMES,
211
00:14:28,743 --> 00:14:34,109
THE INDIANS WERE PROMISED
THAT THEY COULD KEEP THE LAND,
212
00:14:34,142 --> 00:14:38,442
AND SO MANY TIMES,
THOSE PROMISES WERE BROKEN.
213
00:14:38,476 --> 00:14:40,142
I DON'T THINK THEY WERE NAIVE.
214
00:14:40,175 --> 00:14:43,175
I THINK THAT
THE INDIANS UNDERSTOOD
215
00:14:43,209 --> 00:14:46,042
THE MEANING
OF THE TREATIES
216
00:14:46,075 --> 00:14:51,509
AND WANTED VERY MUCH
TO--TO LIVE BY THEM,
217
00:14:51,542 --> 00:14:55,175
BUT MANY OF THE TREATIES
CAME TO NOTHING,
218
00:14:55,209 --> 00:15:00,476
AND SO, THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT
WAS ONE OF DISTRUST, BETRAYAL.
219
00:15:03,342 --> 00:15:07,142
THE WHITES
WHO FOLLOWED CUSTER'S
PATH INTO THE BLACK HILLS
220
00:15:07,175 --> 00:15:10,808
CALLED IT THE "FREEDOM TRAIL."
221
00:15:10,842 --> 00:15:15,276
THE LAKOTA CALLED IT
THE "THIEVES ROAD."
222
00:15:15,309 --> 00:15:18,109
EITHER WAY,
IT WOULD LEAD TO DISASTER.
223
00:15:30,808 --> 00:15:32,775
I WILL REMAIN WHAT I AM
224
00:15:32,808 --> 00:15:37,709
UNTIL I DIE--A HUNTER--
225
00:15:37,743 --> 00:15:41,042
AND WHEN THERE ARE NO BUFFALO
OR OTHER GAME,
226
00:15:41,075 --> 00:15:47,276
I WILL SEND MY CHILDREN TO HUNT
AND LIVE ON PRAIRIE MICE,
227
00:15:47,309 --> 00:15:50,842
FOR WHERE AN INDIAN
IS SHUT UP IN ONE PLACE,
228
00:15:50,875 --> 00:15:54,175
HIS BODY BECOMES WEAK.
229
00:15:54,209 --> 00:15:55,442
SITTING BULL.
230
00:15:58,609 --> 00:16:01,109
THE LAKOTA HAD MANY LEADERS--
231
00:16:01,142 --> 00:16:07,042
BLACK MOON, FOUR HORNS,
GALL, CRAZY HORSE.
232
00:16:07,075 --> 00:16:09,942
BUT THE MAN TO WHOM
EVEN THESE VETERAN FIGHTERS
233
00:16:09,975 --> 00:16:13,975
NOW LOOKED FOR GUIDANCE
WAS SITTING BULL,
234
00:16:14,009 --> 00:16:15,808
A CHIEF AND HOLY MAN
235
00:16:15,842 --> 00:16:19,242
WHO WAS DETERMINED NEVER
TO RELINQUISH THE BLACK HILLS.
236
00:16:23,643 --> 00:16:26,376
THEIR BANDS STILL HUNTED
THE REMAINING BUFFALO HERDS
237
00:16:26,409 --> 00:16:28,209
ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS,
238
00:16:28,242 --> 00:16:30,676
AND SITTING BULL
SCORNED THOSE INDIANS--
239
00:16:30,709 --> 00:16:32,808
FROM OTHER TRIBES
AND HIS OWN--
240
00:16:32,842 --> 00:16:34,942
WHO HAD MOVED
CLOSE TO AGENCIES
241
00:16:34,975 --> 00:16:37,509
AND DEPENDED ON THE GOVERNMENT
TO FEED THEM.
242
00:16:39,775 --> 00:16:41,609
LOOK AT ME!
243
00:16:41,643 --> 00:16:46,242
SEE IF I AM POOR,
OR MY PEOPLE, EITHER.
244
00:16:46,276 --> 00:16:49,743
THE WHITES MAY GET ME AT LAST,
AS YOU SAY,
245
00:16:49,775 --> 00:16:53,042
BUT I WILL HAVE GOOD TIMES
TILL THEN.
246
00:16:53,075 --> 00:16:57,643
YOU ARE FOOLS TO MAKE YOURSELVES
SLAVES TO A PIECE OF FAT BACON,
247
00:16:57,676 --> 00:17:01,942
SOME HARDTACK,
AND A LITTLE SUGAR AND COFFEE.
248
00:17:10,808 --> 00:17:14,342
SITTING BULL WAS BORN ABOUT 1831
249
00:17:14,376 --> 00:17:17,842
AT A PLACE THE LAKOTA CALLED
MANY CACHES
250
00:17:17,875 --> 00:17:19,875
BECAUSE OF THE PITS
FOR STORING FOOD
251
00:17:19,908 --> 00:17:22,042
THEY HAD DUG THERE,
252
00:17:22,075 --> 00:17:24,075
AND HE WOULD DEVOTE
MUCH OF HIS LIFE
253
00:17:24,109 --> 00:17:29,075
SIMPLY TO ENSURING THAT
HIS PEOPLE HAD ENOUGH TO EAT.
254
00:17:29,109 --> 00:17:33,576
NO ONE HAD EARNED A GREATER
REPUTATION FOR BRAVERY.
255
00:17:33,609 --> 00:17:38,276
HE COUNTED HIS FIRST COUP AT 14
DURING A RAID ON THE CROW
256
00:17:38,309 --> 00:17:41,142
AND LED THE STRONG HEART
WARRIOR SOCIETY,
257
00:17:41,175 --> 00:17:44,676
WHOSE MEMBERS CAME TO ASCRIBE
THEIR TRIUMPHS IN BATTLE
258
00:17:44,709 --> 00:17:48,942
TO THE EXTRAORDINARY POWER
OF HIS VISIONS.
259
00:17:50,276 --> 00:17:51,643
IN THE MIDST OF A BATTLE
260
00:17:51,676 --> 00:17:53,842
WITH SOLDIERS
GUARDING A RAILROAD CREW
261
00:17:53,875 --> 00:17:57,808
ON THE YELLOWSTONE RIVER
IN 1872,
262
00:17:57,842 --> 00:18:03,409
HE AND FOUR OTHER WARRIORS
STROLLED OUT BETWEEN THE LINES.
263
00:18:03,442 --> 00:18:06,042
SITTING BULL CALMLY SAT DOWN.
264
00:18:06,075 --> 00:18:08,743
WITH THE BULLETS
PATTERING ALL AROUND HIM,
265
00:18:08,775 --> 00:18:11,609
HE FILLED HIS PIPE, SMOKED IT,
266
00:18:11,643 --> 00:18:14,042
AND PASSED IT BACK AND FORTH
TO HIS COMPANIONS
267
00:18:14,075 --> 00:18:16,276
UNTIL THE BOWL WAS EMPTY.
268
00:18:16,309 --> 00:18:19,908
THEN, HE REAMED IT OUT
AND WALKED AWAY.
269
00:18:21,476 --> 00:18:24,542
HIS LAKOTA NAME,
TATANKA IYOTANKA,
270
00:18:24,576 --> 00:18:27,476
DESCRIBED AN INTRACTABLE
BUFFALO BULL
271
00:18:27,509 --> 00:18:32,709
SITTING ON ITS HAUNCHES,
RESOLUTE IN THE FACE OF DANGER.
272
00:18:32,743 --> 00:18:34,476
SITTING BULL WAS
ONE OF THOSE MEN
273
00:18:34,509 --> 00:18:38,009
WHO, DURING HIS LIFE,
WAS AN EPITOME OF EVERYTHING
274
00:18:38,042 --> 00:18:40,643
A LAKOTA MAN WOULD WANT TO BE.
275
00:18:40,676 --> 00:18:42,476
YOUNG MEN WOULD FOLLOW HIM,
276
00:18:42,509 --> 00:18:46,676
HOPING THAT IT WOULD
STILL BE POSSIBLE SOMEHOW
277
00:18:46,709 --> 00:18:49,609
TO REMAIN IN SOME HOMELAND,
SOME LAKOTA HOMELAND,
278
00:18:49,643 --> 00:18:51,542
IN WHICH THEY REALLY
WOULD BE FREE.
279
00:18:54,175 --> 00:18:56,609
BY THE WINTER OF 1875,
280
00:18:56,643 --> 00:19:02,309
SOME 15,000 MINERS HAD
CROWDED INTO THE BLACK HILLS.
281
00:19:02,342 --> 00:19:04,209
UNDER THE FORT LARAMIE TREATY,
282
00:19:04,242 --> 00:19:08,743
IT WAS THE ARMY'S TASK
TO DRIVE THE PROSPECTORS OUT.
283
00:19:08,775 --> 00:19:12,376
BUT THEIR GROWING NUMBERS
MADE IT POLITICALLY IMPOSSIBLE.
284
00:19:12,409 --> 00:19:17,042
ANOTHER SOLUTION
HAD TO BE FOUND.
285
00:19:17,075 --> 00:19:19,409
A SENATE COMMISSION
WAS SENT WEST
286
00:19:19,442 --> 00:19:22,042
TO RENEGOTIATE THE TREATY,
287
00:19:22,075 --> 00:19:27,109
AND SOME 20,000 LAKOTA
CAME TO MEET WITH THEM.
288
00:19:27,142 --> 00:19:30,242
THE COMMISSION WAS PREPARED
TO OFFER $6 MILLION
289
00:19:30,276 --> 00:19:32,042
FOR THE BLACK HILLS,
290
00:19:32,075 --> 00:19:34,676
BUT THE LAKOTA WANTED A SUM
LARGE ENOUGH
291
00:19:34,709 --> 00:19:37,509
SO THAT THEIR PEOPLE
COULD LIVE OFF IT FOREVER.
292
00:19:39,908 --> 00:19:43,709
SITTING BULL, CRAZY HORSE,
AND OTHER DEFIANT WARRIORS
293
00:19:43,743 --> 00:19:46,409
STAYED AWAY
FROM THE COUNCIL ENTIRELY,
294
00:19:46,442 --> 00:19:50,975
UNWILLING EVEN TO DISCUSS A SALE
OF THEIR MOST SACRED PLACE.
295
00:19:53,309 --> 00:19:55,975
I WANT TO HUNT IN THIS PLACE.
296
00:19:56,009 --> 00:19:59,042
I WANT YOU
TO TURN BACK FROM HERE.
297
00:19:59,075 --> 00:20:01,276
I WANT YOU TO LEAVE
WHAT YOU HAVE GOT HERE
298
00:20:01,309 --> 00:20:04,042
AND TURN BACK.
299
00:20:04,075 --> 00:20:08,309
IF YOU DON'T,
I'LL FIGHT YOU.
300
00:20:08,342 --> 00:20:09,643
SITTING BULL.
301
00:20:13,175 --> 00:20:16,175
WASHINGTON DECIDED TO CLAMP DOWN
302
00:20:16,209 --> 00:20:17,542
AND ORDERED ALL THE CHIEFS
303
00:20:17,576 --> 00:20:19,709
TO COME IN
TO THE RESERVATION HEADQUARTERS
304
00:20:19,743 --> 00:20:24,542
BY JANUARY 31, 1876.
305
00:20:24,576 --> 00:20:27,576
WHEN SITTING BULL
AND THE OTHERS REFUSED,
306
00:20:27,609 --> 00:20:29,409
GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER
307
00:20:29,442 --> 00:20:32,476
AND A LARGE PART
OF THE U.S. ARMY IN THE WEST
308
00:20:32,509 --> 00:20:34,342
WERE ORDERED
TO BRING THEM IN.
309
00:20:40,509 --> 00:20:42,908
RIGHT SHOULDER, PULL!
310
00:20:53,009 --> 00:20:57,775
I AM NOW WEARING TWO
FLANNEL AND A BUCKSKIN SHIRT,
311
00:20:57,808 --> 00:20:59,908
ONE PAIR OF DRAWERS,
312
00:20:59,942 --> 00:21:03,643
TROUSERS OF BUCKSKIN
AND A PAIR OF ARMY TROUSERS,
313
00:21:03,676 --> 00:21:05,975
TWO PAIRS WOOLEN SOCKS,
314
00:21:06,009 --> 00:21:09,676
A PAIR OF BUFFALO OVERSHOES
AND BIG BOOTS,
315
00:21:09,709 --> 00:21:12,075
A HEAVY PAIR
OF BLANKET LEGGINS,
316
00:21:12,109 --> 00:21:14,775
A THICK BLOUSE
AND HEAVY OVERCOAT,
317
00:21:14,808 --> 00:21:17,175
A HEAVY WOOLEN CAP
THAT COMPLETELY COVERS
318
00:21:17,209 --> 00:21:21,142
MY HEAD, FACE, AND NECK
EXCEPT NOSE AND EYES,
319
00:21:21,175 --> 00:21:24,109
AND STILL I AM NOT HAPPY.
320
00:21:28,576 --> 00:21:31,942
THE UNITED STATES ARMY
HAD AN IMPOSSIBLE JOB--
321
00:21:31,975 --> 00:21:35,775
POLICING SOME 2.5 MILLION
SQUARE MILES OF LAND
322
00:21:35,808 --> 00:21:37,142
BETWEEN THE MISSOURI
323
00:21:37,175 --> 00:21:41,209
AND THE EASTERN SLOPE
OF THE SIERRAS.
324
00:21:41,242 --> 00:21:44,109
THERE WERE NEVER
MORE THAN 15,000 MEN
325
00:21:44,142 --> 00:21:47,908
SCATTERED AMONG 100 FORTS
AND OUTPOSTS,
326
00:21:47,942 --> 00:21:52,409
YET THEY WERE SOMEHOW EXPECTED
TO DEFEND SETTLERS, RANCHERS,
327
00:21:52,442 --> 00:21:54,808
MINERS, AND RAILROAD CREWS;
328
00:21:54,842 --> 00:21:58,309
KEEP THOUSANDS OF INDIANS
CONFINED TO THEIR RESERVATIONS;
329
00:21:58,342 --> 00:22:00,676
AND KEEP TENS OF THOUSANDS
OF WHITES
330
00:22:00,709 --> 00:22:02,643
OUT OF INDIAN LANDS.
331
00:22:05,342 --> 00:22:09,509
EVEN THOUGH ARMY PAY WAS LOW--
JUST $13 A MONTH--
332
00:22:09,542 --> 00:22:12,743
STEADY JOBS WERE SCARCE
DURING THE ECONOMIC SLUMP
333
00:22:12,775 --> 00:22:14,609
THAT FOLLOWED
THE CIVIL WAR.
334
00:22:16,240 --> 00:22:19,106
ARMY RANKS
WERE FILLED WITH IMMIGRANTS,
335
00:22:19,140 --> 00:22:22,873
SOME OF WHOM COULD SPEAK
ALMOST NO ENGLISH.
336
00:22:22,906 --> 00:22:26,906
THERE WERE DRIFTERS, TOO--
MEN WITH ASSUMED NAMES,
337
00:22:26,940 --> 00:22:30,440
MEN ESCAPING BAD MARRIAGES...
OR THE LAW.
338
00:22:32,407 --> 00:22:34,273
SOME OF THE RECRUITS
I JOINED WITH
339
00:22:34,307 --> 00:22:36,640
HAD NO DOUBT SERVED
IN SOME PENITENTIARY
340
00:22:36,674 --> 00:22:38,507
BEFORE ENLISTING,
341
00:22:38,540 --> 00:22:41,473
AND I SHOULDN'T WONDER THAT SOME
WENT BACK TO THEIR OLD PRISONS
342
00:22:41,507 --> 00:22:45,607
AS A HAVEN OF REST
AND DECENT TREATMENT.
343
00:22:45,640 --> 00:22:49,173
PRIVATE C.C. CHRISMAN,
13th INFANTRY.
344
00:22:53,240 --> 00:22:56,440
BOREDOM WAS ALL THE MEN
COULD DEPEND UPON--
345
00:22:56,473 --> 00:22:59,040
THREE TO FIVE YEARS OF IT.
346
00:22:59,073 --> 00:23:01,140
THEY QUARRELED, DRANK,
347
00:23:01,173 --> 00:23:03,340
PITTED RED ANTS
AGAINST BLACK ANTS
348
00:23:03,373 --> 00:23:05,106
JUST TO STIR THINGS UP...
349
00:23:06,607 --> 00:23:09,207
AND THEY LIVED
FOR NEWS FROM HOME.
350
00:23:12,407 --> 00:23:16,473
WHAT WOULD OUR LIVES
BE WITHOUT MAIL?
351
00:23:16,507 --> 00:23:19,040
A NULLITY, A VOID,
352
00:23:19,073 --> 00:23:23,340
A HATED, WEARY BURDEN
OF NOTHINGNESS.
353
00:23:23,373 --> 00:23:30,340
IT IS THE ONLY CONNECTING LINK
BETWEEN US AND CIVILIZATION--
354
00:23:30,373 --> 00:23:33,507
BETWEEN THE DREARY MONOTONY
OF THE PRESENT
355
00:23:33,540 --> 00:23:37,674
AND THE EXCITING PLEASURES
OF THE PAST--
356
00:23:37,706 --> 00:23:42,574
THE ONE SOLE OASIS
IN THE DESERT OF OUR LIVES.
357
00:23:47,674 --> 00:23:51,706
ARMY FOOD
WAS ALMOST ALWAYS UNPALATABLE,
358
00:23:51,739 --> 00:23:54,906
SOMETIMES INEDIBLE.
359
00:23:54,940 --> 00:23:57,773
HARDTACK--
FLOUR-AND-WATER BISCUITS--
360
00:23:57,806 --> 00:24:00,973
DELIVERED TO THE SEVENTH CAVALRY
WAS SIX YEARS OLD
361
00:24:01,006 --> 00:24:03,173
AND HAD TO BE SHATTERED
WITH A HAMMER.
362
00:24:12,373 --> 00:24:15,273
WHISKEY WAS
THE SOLDIER'S CURSE.
363
00:24:15,307 --> 00:24:17,106
40 MEN OUT OF EVERY 1,000
364
00:24:17,140 --> 00:24:20,273
WERE HOSPITALIZED
FOR ALCOHOLISM.
365
00:24:20,307 --> 00:24:22,540
TWICE AS MANY
KILLED THEMSELVES.
366
00:24:24,773 --> 00:24:27,806
BUT DISEASE
WAS THE WORST KILLER.
367
00:24:27,839 --> 00:24:28,973
IN JUST TWO YEARS,
368
00:24:29,006 --> 00:24:34,040
THE SEVENTH CAVALRY
LOST 51 MEN TO CHOLERA.
369
00:24:34,073 --> 00:24:37,973
MOST SOLDIERS NEVER
MET AN INDIAN IN BATTLE.
370
00:24:38,006 --> 00:24:40,440
SOME NEVER
SAW AN INDIAN AT ALL.
371
00:24:42,773 --> 00:24:47,006
DAKOTA TERRITORY, MARCH 5, 1876.
372
00:24:47,040 --> 00:24:49,806
DEAR SISTER,
I THINK WE WILL HAVE
373
00:24:49,839 --> 00:24:52,739
SOME HARD TIMES
THIS SUMMER.
374
00:24:52,773 --> 00:24:54,307
THE OLD CHIEF SITTING BULL
375
00:24:54,340 --> 00:24:56,373
SAYS THAT HE WILL NOT MAKE PEACE
WITH THE WHITES
376
00:24:56,407 --> 00:24:59,806
AS LONG AS HE
HAS A MAN TO FIGHT.
377
00:24:59,839 --> 00:25:01,739
AS SOON AS I GET BACK
FROM THE CAMPAIGN,
378
00:25:01,773 --> 00:25:03,440
I WILL WRITE YOU--
379
00:25:03,473 --> 00:25:07,940
THAT IS, IF I DO NOT GET
MY HAIR LIFTED BY SOME INDIAN.
380
00:25:07,973 --> 00:25:12,674
FROM YOUR LOVING BROTHER,
T.P. EAGAN, SEVENTH CAVALRY.
381
00:25:27,906 --> 00:25:31,940
SOMETIME
IN THE EARLY SPRING OF 1876,
382
00:25:31,973 --> 00:25:34,173
SITTING BULL
CLIMBED TO A HILLTOP,
383
00:25:34,207 --> 00:25:35,640
SEEKING A VISION.
384
00:25:39,773 --> 00:25:41,307
IN HIS DREAM,
385
00:25:41,340 --> 00:25:45,906
A GREAT DUST STORM SWIRLED DOWN
UPON A SMALL, WHITE CLOUD
386
00:25:45,940 --> 00:25:48,073
THAT RESEMBLED
A LAKOTA VILLAGE.
387
00:25:50,040 --> 00:25:51,273
THROUGH THE WHIRLWIND,
388
00:25:51,307 --> 00:25:55,040
SITTING BULL COULD SEE
SOLDIERS MARCHING.
389
00:25:55,073 --> 00:25:57,940
THE LITTLE CLOUD
WAS SWALLOWED UP FOR A TIME...
390
00:26:01,440 --> 00:26:03,839
BUT THE STORM
EVENTUALLY DISSIPATED,
391
00:26:03,873 --> 00:26:07,773
AND THE VILLAGE
EMERGED UNHARMED.
392
00:26:07,806 --> 00:26:11,574
IT WAS AN ENCOURAGING DREAM,
393
00:26:11,607 --> 00:26:14,873
AND IN THE SPRING OF 1876,
394
00:26:14,906 --> 00:26:17,507
THE LAKOTA
NEEDED ENCOURAGEMENT.
395
00:26:20,340 --> 00:26:23,507
HUMANITARIANS MAY WEEP
FOR THE POOR INDIAN
396
00:26:23,540 --> 00:26:26,173
AND TELL THE WRONGS
HE HAS SUFFERED,
397
00:26:26,207 --> 00:26:29,473
BUT HE IS PASSING AWAY.
398
00:26:29,507 --> 00:26:31,973
THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
NEED THE COUNTRY
399
00:26:32,006 --> 00:26:35,473
THE INDIANS NOW OCCUPY.
400
00:26:35,507 --> 00:26:38,507
MANY OF OUR PEOPLE
ARE OUT OF EMPLOYMENT.
401
00:26:38,540 --> 00:26:41,973
THE MASSES
NEED SOME NEW EXCITEMENT.
402
00:26:42,006 --> 00:26:44,440
AN INDIAN WAR
WOULD DO NO HARM,
403
00:26:44,473 --> 00:26:48,540
FOR IT MUST COME,
SOONER OR LATER.
404
00:26:48,574 --> 00:26:51,106
MARK KELLOGG,
"BISMARCK TRIBUNE."
405
00:26:54,173 --> 00:26:56,106
IN HIS OFFICE IN CHICAGO,
406
00:26:56,140 --> 00:26:59,373
GENERAL PHILIP SHERIDAN
HAD ALREADY DRAWN UP A PLAN
407
00:26:59,407 --> 00:27:02,040
THAT WOULD SEND
THREE COLUMNS OF SOLDIERS
408
00:27:02,073 --> 00:27:05,373
TO DRIVE SITTING BULL
AND THE OTHER DEFIANT CHIEFS
409
00:27:05,407 --> 00:27:08,006
ONTO THE RESERVATIONS.
410
00:27:08,040 --> 00:27:11,674
ONE COLUMN, LED BY
BRIGADIER GENERAL GEORGE CROOK,
411
00:27:11,706 --> 00:27:14,906
WAS TO MOVE NORTH
FROM FORT FETTERMAN.
412
00:27:14,940 --> 00:27:17,207
ANOTHER, UNDER
COLONEL JOHN GIBBON,
413
00:27:17,240 --> 00:27:20,674
WAS TO MARCH EAST
FROM WESTERN MONTANA.
414
00:27:20,706 --> 00:27:24,106
THE THIRD, COMMANDED
BY GENERAL ALFRED TERRY,
415
00:27:24,140 --> 00:27:27,106
MARCHED WEST FROM
FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
416
00:27:27,140 --> 00:27:32,440
WITH HIM WENT THE 566
ENLISTED MEN AND 31 OFFICERS
417
00:27:32,473 --> 00:27:38,540
OF THE SEVENTH CAVALRY,
LED BY GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER.
418
00:27:38,574 --> 00:27:42,706
THEY MOVED OUT TO THE TUNE OF
"THE GIRL I LEFT BEHIND ME."
419
00:27:44,739 --> 00:27:47,106
GENERAL GEORGE A. CUSTER,
420
00:27:47,140 --> 00:27:49,173
DRESSED IN A DASHING SUIT
OF BUCKSKIN,
421
00:27:49,207 --> 00:27:51,373
IS PROMINENT EVERYWHERE.
422
00:27:51,407 --> 00:27:53,773
THE GENERAL IS FULL OF
PERFECT READINESS
423
00:27:53,806 --> 00:27:56,574
FOR A FRAY WITH THE HOSTILE
RED DEVILS,
424
00:27:56,607 --> 00:27:58,574
AND WOE TO THE BODY
OF SCALP-LIFTERS
425
00:27:58,607 --> 00:28:00,140
THAT COMES WITHIN REACH
OF HIMSELF
426
00:28:00,173 --> 00:28:03,207
AND BRAVE
COMPANIONS-IN-ARMS.
427
00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:04,706
"BISMARCK TRIBUNE."
428
00:28:07,906 --> 00:28:09,273
NONE OF THE COMMANDERS KNEW
429
00:28:09,307 --> 00:28:13,140
PRECISELY WHERE SITTING BULL
AND HIS FOLLOWERS WERE,
430
00:28:13,173 --> 00:28:16,006
BUT THEY WERE CONFIDENT
THAT ONE COLUMN OR ANOTHER
431
00:28:16,040 --> 00:28:20,507
WOULD FIND AND DESTROY THEM.
432
00:28:25,839 --> 00:28:30,240
ON JUNE 6, SOME 3,000
LAKOTA AND CHEYENNE
433
00:28:30,273 --> 00:28:34,906
WERE CAMPED ALONG ROSEBUD CREEK
IN MONTANA.
434
00:28:34,940 --> 00:28:40,440
THERE, THEY HELD THEIR MOST
SACRED RITUAL--A SUN DANCE--
435
00:28:40,473 --> 00:28:44,906
IN WHICH PRAYERS WERE OFFERED
AND VOWS MADE TO WAKAN TANKA,
436
00:28:44,940 --> 00:28:46,507
THEIR GREAT SPIRIT.
437
00:28:51,340 --> 00:28:54,407
SITTING BULL
SLASHED HIS ARMS 100 TIMES
438
00:28:54,440 --> 00:28:57,407
AS A SIGN OF SACRIFICE.
439
00:28:57,440 --> 00:28:59,473
THEN HE HAD ANOTHER VISION.
440
00:29:05,040 --> 00:29:08,540
THE SOLDIERS CAME AGAIN
TO ATTACK HIS PEOPLE--
441
00:29:08,574 --> 00:29:11,440
"AS MANY AS GRASSHOPPERS,"
HE SAID--
442
00:29:11,473 --> 00:29:14,407
BUT THIS TIME,
THEY WERE UPSIDE DOWN,
443
00:29:14,440 --> 00:29:16,906
THEIR HORSES' HOOVES
IN THE AIR,
444
00:29:16,940 --> 00:29:18,873
THEIR HATS
TUMBLING TO THE GROUND
445
00:29:18,906 --> 00:29:21,273
AS THEY RODE INTO
THE LAKOTA CAMP.
446
00:29:27,906 --> 00:29:30,173
HE HAS THIS TREMENDOUS
VISION THAT HE TELLS THE PEOPLE
447
00:29:30,207 --> 00:29:34,106
ABOUT THAT THE SOLDIERS ARE
GOING TO FALL INTO THE CAMP
448
00:29:34,140 --> 00:29:37,307
AND THAT THERE'S GOING TO BE
THIS GREAT VICTORY.
449
00:29:37,340 --> 00:29:40,040
AND ARMED WITH THIS VISION,
450
00:29:40,073 --> 00:29:45,273
THE WARRIORS GO OUT LOOKING
FOR SOMEBODY TO FIGHT.
451
00:29:47,006 --> 00:29:48,906
ON THE MORNING OF JUNE 17,
452
00:29:48,940 --> 00:29:51,507
GENERAL CROOK'S COLUMN
HAD STOPPED TO BREW COFFEE
453
00:29:51,540 --> 00:29:53,973
ON THE BANK OF THE ROSEBUD,
454
00:29:54,006 --> 00:29:56,940
SURE THAT NO INDIANS
WOULD DARE ATTACK
455
00:29:56,973 --> 00:29:59,473
SO LARGE A FORCE AS THEIRS.
456
00:30:04,640 --> 00:30:06,207
SUDDENLY, CRAZY HORSE
457
00:30:06,240 --> 00:30:09,607
AND MORE THAN 500 SIOUX
AND CHEYENNE WARRIORS
458
00:30:09,640 --> 00:30:11,706
RODE DOWN UPON THEM.
459
00:30:11,739 --> 00:30:13,873
SITTING BULL'S ARMS
WERE TOO SWOLLEN
460
00:30:13,906 --> 00:30:15,806
FROM THE SUN DANCE
TO FIGHT,
461
00:30:15,839 --> 00:30:18,773
BUT HE URGED
THE YOUNG MEN INTO BATTLE.
462
00:30:20,407 --> 00:30:24,006
CROOK'S COMMAND INCLUDED CROW
AND SHOSHONE SCOUTS
463
00:30:24,040 --> 00:30:27,207
EAGER TO FIGHT THEIR ENEMIES,
THE CHEYENNE AND LAKOTA,
464
00:30:27,240 --> 00:30:29,473
WHO HAD ONCE TAKEN THEIR LANDS.
465
00:30:36,073 --> 00:30:39,640
IN THE FIERCE, DESPERATE FIGHT
THAT FOLLOWED,
466
00:30:39,674 --> 00:30:43,207
THE INDIAN SCOUTS
TWICE RESCUED THE SOLDIERS
467
00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:46,773
BY RIDING THROUGH THE LAKOTA
AND CHEYENNE RANKS.
468
00:30:59,674 --> 00:31:02,640
UNNERVED BY THE ENEMY
SHOW OF FORCE,
469
00:31:02,674 --> 00:31:05,106
CROOK WITHDREW
THE NEXT MORNING.
470
00:31:10,040 --> 00:31:12,373
THE LAKOTA AND CHEYENNE
MOVED NORTH
471
00:31:12,407 --> 00:31:14,407
AND FORMED A NEW CAMP,
472
00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:17,507
WHERE FOR SIX DAYS
THEY CELEBRATED THEIR VICTORY
473
00:31:17,540 --> 00:31:22,307
ALONG A WINDING STREAM
THEY CALLED THE GREASY GRASS.
474
00:31:22,340 --> 00:31:25,607
WHITES CALLED IT
THE LITTLE BIGHORN.
475
00:31:30,773 --> 00:31:34,640
ON JUNE 21, CUSTER MET
ON THE YELLOWSTONE RIVER
476
00:31:34,674 --> 00:31:36,873
WITH COLONEL GIBBON
AND THEIR SUPERIOR,
477
00:31:36,906 --> 00:31:40,540
BRIGADIER GENERAL ALFRED TERRY.
478
00:31:40,574 --> 00:31:43,773
THEY KNEW NOTHING
OF CROOK'S RETREAT.
479
00:31:43,806 --> 00:31:45,307
TERRY ORDERED GIBBON TO MARCH
480
00:31:45,340 --> 00:31:47,273
TO THE MOUTH
OF THE LITTLE BIGHORN
481
00:31:47,307 --> 00:31:49,407
WHILE CUSTER
AND THE SEVENTH CAVALRY,
482
00:31:49,440 --> 00:31:51,273
IF THEY COULD LOCATE
THE INDIANS,
483
00:31:51,307 --> 00:31:54,906
WOULD DRIVE THEM DOWN THE VALLEY
TOWARD GIBBON AND ANNIHILATION.
484
00:31:56,773 --> 00:32:00,340
AS CUSTER RODE OFF,
GIBBON CALLED OUT TO HIM,
485
00:32:00,373 --> 00:32:02,806
"NOW, CUSTER,
DON'T BE GREEDY.
486
00:32:02,839 --> 00:32:05,073
WAIT FOR US."
487
00:32:05,106 --> 00:32:07,806
"NO," HE SAID.
"I WILL NOT."
488
00:32:10,073 --> 00:32:12,806
I NOW HAVE SOME
CROW SCOUTS WITH ME.
489
00:32:12,839 --> 00:32:14,940
THEY ARE
MAGNIFICENT-LOOKING MEN,
490
00:32:14,973 --> 00:32:17,507
SO MUCH HANDSOMER
AND MORE INDIAN-LIKE
491
00:32:17,540 --> 00:32:20,106
THAN ANY WE HAVE EVER SEEN,
492
00:32:20,140 --> 00:32:22,173
AND JOLLY AND SPORTIVE.
493
00:32:22,207 --> 00:32:26,140
NOTHING OF THE GLOOMY,
SILENT RED MAN ABOUT THEM.
494
00:32:26,173 --> 00:32:29,440
THEY SAID THEY HAD HEARD
THAT I NEVER ABANDON A TRAIL--
495
00:32:29,473 --> 00:32:33,073
THAT WHEN MY FOOD GAVE OUT,
I ATE MULE.
496
00:32:33,106 --> 00:32:36,307
THAT WAS THE KIND OF MAN
THEY WANTED TO FIGHT UNDER.
497
00:32:36,340 --> 00:32:38,240
THEY WERE WILLING
TO EAT MULE, TOO.
498
00:32:40,340 --> 00:32:42,973
I KNOW FIVE OF THOSE SCOUTS.
499
00:32:43,006 --> 00:32:46,307
THEY WERE OLD MEN
WHEN I WAS A YOUNG FELLOW,
500
00:32:46,340 --> 00:32:51,140
INCLUDING MY GRANDFATHER,
WHITE MAN RUNS HIM.
501
00:32:51,173 --> 00:32:56,806
WHY WOULD A TRIBE OF INDIANS
DECIDE TO FIGHT OTHER TRIBES
502
00:32:56,839 --> 00:32:59,773
IN BEHALF OF THE WHITE MAN?
503
00:32:59,806 --> 00:33:02,640
SIOUX WON'T LET US FORGET THAT.
504
00:33:02,674 --> 00:33:05,640
THEY ALWAYS SAY,
"YOU CROWS ARE NO GOOD.
505
00:33:05,674 --> 00:33:06,706
"YOU WERE WHITE LOVERS.
506
00:33:06,739 --> 00:33:09,073
YOU HELPED THEM
FIGHT AGAINST US."
507
00:33:09,106 --> 00:33:12,340
BUT THEY FORGOT THE FACT
THAT THEY CAME OUT HERE
508
00:33:12,373 --> 00:33:15,773
TO ANNIHILATE US,
TAKE OUR LAND AWAY FROM US,
509
00:33:15,806 --> 00:33:18,040
SO THERE WAS A MATTER
OF PROTECTION.
510
00:33:20,307 --> 00:33:22,706
FEARFUL THAT
SITTING BULL WOULD ELUDE HIM,
511
00:33:22,739 --> 00:33:27,806
CUSTER PUSHED HIS COLUMN HARD
UNDER A MERCILESS PRAIRIE SUN--
512
00:33:27,839 --> 00:33:32,507
12 MILES THE FIRST DAY,
33 THE SECOND,
513
00:33:32,540 --> 00:33:34,240
28 THE THIRD.
514
00:33:37,640 --> 00:33:39,839
THE EXHAUSTED TROOPERS
BEGAN TO GRUMBLE
515
00:33:39,873 --> 00:33:43,440
ABOUT THE MAN THEY
PRIVATELY CALLED "HARD ASS."
516
00:33:46,773 --> 00:33:48,607
THEY FOUND THE INDIANS' TRAIL
517
00:33:48,640 --> 00:33:50,574
BUT DID NOT GRASP
THE FULL MEANING
518
00:33:50,607 --> 00:33:53,140
OF THE FRESH LAYERS
OF PONY TRACKS
519
00:33:53,173 --> 00:33:56,773
THAT SEEMED TO CROSS
AND RECROSS IT.
520
00:34:01,906 --> 00:34:05,739
IN THE LAST FEW DAYS,
3,000 MORE INDIANS--
521
00:34:05,773 --> 00:34:10,373
LAKOTA, ARAPAHO, AND CHEYENNE--
HAD LEFT THE RESERVATIONS
522
00:34:10,407 --> 00:34:12,006
TO JOIN SITTING BULL.
523
00:34:14,307 --> 00:34:17,273
THEIR ENCAMPMENT
NOW STRETCHED FOR 3 MILES
524
00:34:17,307 --> 00:34:20,140
ALONG THE GREASY GRASS.
525
00:34:20,173 --> 00:34:23,674
IN IT WERE MORE
THAN 6,000 INDIANS.
526
00:34:23,706 --> 00:34:26,340
1,800 OF THEM WERE WARRIORS.
527
00:34:32,674 --> 00:34:34,906
ON THE EVENING OF JUNE 24,
528
00:34:34,940 --> 00:34:37,073
SITTING BULL MADE HIS WAY
TO A RIDGE
529
00:34:37,106 --> 00:34:38,973
THAT OVERLOOKED THE ENCAMPMENT.
530
00:34:41,507 --> 00:34:44,106
THERE HE MADE OFFERINGS
TO THE GREAT SPIRIT
531
00:34:44,140 --> 00:34:46,773
AND PRAYED FOR THE PROTECTION
OF HIS PEOPLE.
532
00:34:48,940 --> 00:34:52,906
WAKAN TANKA, PITY ME.
533
00:34:52,940 --> 00:34:58,440
IN THE NAME OF THE PEOPLE,
I OFFER YOU THIS SACRED PIPE.
534
00:34:58,473 --> 00:35:02,106
WHEREVER THE SUN,
THE MOON, THE EARTH,
535
00:35:02,140 --> 00:35:04,839
THE FOUR POINTS
OF THE WIND,
536
00:35:04,873 --> 00:35:06,940
THERE YOU ARE ALWAYS.
537
00:35:08,873 --> 00:35:11,773
SAVE THE PEOPLE, I BEG YOU.
538
00:35:13,674 --> 00:35:15,839
WE WANT TO LIVE.
539
00:35:15,873 --> 00:35:19,273
GUARD US AGAINST
ALL MISFORTUNE.
540
00:35:19,307 --> 00:35:21,340
PITY ME.
541
00:35:21,373 --> 00:35:23,640
TATANKA IYOTANKA.
542
00:35:32,240 --> 00:35:36,906
THE NEXT DAY WAS JUNE 25,
A SUNDAY--
543
00:35:36,940 --> 00:35:39,407
CLOUDLESS AND HOT.
544
00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:41,674
CUSTER'S CROW SCOUTS
SPOTTED THE VILLAGE
545
00:35:41,706 --> 00:35:43,839
FROM A DISTANT HILLTOP.
546
00:35:43,873 --> 00:35:46,106
THEY CALLED CUSTER UP
TO HAVE A LOOK.
547
00:35:48,440 --> 00:35:49,640
EVEN WITH A TELESCOPE,
548
00:35:49,674 --> 00:35:51,473
HE WAS UNABLE
TO SEE MUCH MORE
549
00:35:51,507 --> 00:35:54,106
THAN A WHITE BLUR
ON THE VALLEY FLOOR.
550
00:35:56,040 --> 00:35:59,473
HIS ONLY CONCERN WAS THAT
HE HAD ALREADY BEEN SPOTTED,
551
00:35:59,507 --> 00:36:01,440
THAT UNLESS
HE ATTACKED RIGHT AWAY,
552
00:36:01,473 --> 00:36:03,739
THE INDIANS
WOULD SPLIT UP AND FLEE
553
00:36:03,773 --> 00:36:08,706
IN SO MANY DIFFERENT BANDS
THAT HE COULD NEVER STOP THEM.
554
00:36:08,739 --> 00:36:11,806
CUSTER HAD NEVER YET
ENCOUNTERED AN INDIAN BAND
555
00:36:11,839 --> 00:36:14,773
THAT WOULDN'T RUN
WHEN THE CAVALRY ATTACKED,
556
00:36:14,806 --> 00:36:17,373
SO HE PUSHED
TO AN ATTACK
557
00:36:17,407 --> 00:36:19,407
AS QUICKLY AS IT
COULD BE MOUNTED.
558
00:36:19,440 --> 00:36:22,473
DREADFUL MISTAKE ON HIS PART
BECAUSE HIS MEN WERE EXHAUSTED.
559
00:36:22,507 --> 00:36:25,574
HE SHOULD HAVE BIVOUACKED,
GIVEN THEM A NIGHT'S SLEEP,
560
00:36:25,607 --> 00:36:27,973
SENT OUT SOME SCOUTS
TO FIND OUT HOW FAR
561
00:36:28,006 --> 00:36:30,106
THAT VILLAGE EXTENDS
IN THIS DIRECTION AND THAT
562
00:36:30,140 --> 00:36:31,706
BECAUSE MUCH OF IT
WAS HIDDEN BY WOODS
563
00:36:31,739 --> 00:36:33,240
ALONG THE LITTLE BIGHORN.
564
00:36:35,006 --> 00:36:37,173
HE KNEW NOTHING
OF THE TERRAIN,
565
00:36:37,207 --> 00:36:40,607
COULD NOT TELL
HOW MANY INDIANS AWAITED HIM,
566
00:36:40,640 --> 00:36:42,574
BUT IT HAD BEEN
A SURPRISE ATTACK
567
00:36:42,607 --> 00:36:45,607
THAT HAD ALLOWED HIM TO DESTROY
BLACK KETTLE'S CHEYENNE
568
00:36:45,640 --> 00:36:48,973
ON THE OUACHITA
EIGHT YEARS EARLIER.
569
00:36:49,006 --> 00:36:52,073
A VICTORY HERE
SEEMED JUST AS LIKELY.
570
00:36:54,574 --> 00:36:57,574
CUSTER HURRIED
TOWARD THE LITTLE BIGHORN.
571
00:36:57,607 --> 00:36:59,839
HE SAW DUST RISING
OVER A RIDGE
572
00:36:59,873 --> 00:37:01,873
JUST AHEAD OF HIM.
573
00:37:01,906 --> 00:37:03,106
THE INDIANS, HE THOUGHT,
574
00:37:03,140 --> 00:37:06,106
WERE ALREADY ON THE MOVE
TO ESCAPE.
575
00:37:06,140 --> 00:37:07,773
IT WAS NOW OR NEVER.
576
00:37:10,540 --> 00:37:12,607
SOME 40 WARRIORS APPEARED,
577
00:37:12,640 --> 00:37:15,240
THEN BEGAN RACING BACK
TOWARD THEIR CAMP.
578
00:37:16,674 --> 00:37:20,240
CUSTER SENT MAJOR MARCUS RENO
AND THREE COMPANIES--
579
00:37:20,273 --> 00:37:24,006
140 MEN--IN PURSUIT,
PROMISING TO SUPPORT THEM.
580
00:37:25,373 --> 00:37:27,373
THE BATTLE OF
THE LITTLE BIGHORN
581
00:37:27,407 --> 00:37:28,906
WAS ABOUT TO BEGIN.
582
00:37:37,906 --> 00:37:41,207
IT WAS SOMEWHERE PAST
THE MIDDLE OF THE AFTERNOON,
583
00:37:41,240 --> 00:37:44,340
AND ALL OF US WERE HAVING
A GOOD TIME.
584
00:37:44,373 --> 00:37:46,706
WE FOUND OUR WOMEN FRIENDS
BATHING IN THE RIVER,
585
00:37:46,739 --> 00:37:48,973
AND WE JOINED THEM.
586
00:37:49,006 --> 00:37:52,440
OTHER GROUPS
WERE PLAYING IN THE WATER.
587
00:37:52,473 --> 00:37:55,006
TWO SIOUX BOYS CAME RUNNING
TOWARD US.
588
00:37:55,040 --> 00:37:58,106
THEY WERE SHOUTING,
"SOLDIERS ARE COMING!"
589
00:37:58,140 --> 00:38:00,040
WE HEARD SHOOTING.
590
00:38:00,073 --> 00:38:03,173
WE HID IN THE BRUSH.
591
00:38:03,207 --> 00:38:04,440
KATE BIGHEAD.
592
00:38:06,373 --> 00:38:08,773
RENO'S MEN CROSSED THE RIVER,
593
00:38:08,806 --> 00:38:10,307
FORMED A THIN SKIRMISH LINE,
594
00:38:10,340 --> 00:38:13,273
AND BEGIN FIRING INTO ONE EDGE
OF THE VILLAGE,
595
00:38:13,307 --> 00:38:15,739
ASSUMING THAT CUSTER
WOULD REINFORCE THEM.
596
00:38:17,273 --> 00:38:19,407
THEY WERE SOON OUTNUMBERED.
597
00:38:26,207 --> 00:38:28,273
RENO ORDERED A RETREAT.
598
00:38:33,340 --> 00:38:36,073
THE SOLDIERS WERE FALLING
INTO THE VILLAGE,
599
00:38:36,106 --> 00:38:39,640
JUST AS SITTING BULL'S VISION
HAD SUGGESTED THEY WOULD.
600
00:38:42,207 --> 00:38:45,373
MORE INDIAN WARRIORS
SWARMED OUT OF THE VILLAGE.
601
00:38:47,906 --> 00:38:51,973
AND STILL,
CUSTER DID NOT COME.
602
00:38:52,006 --> 00:38:54,839
INSTEAD OF FOLLOWING RENO
INTO THE VALLEY,
603
00:38:54,873 --> 00:38:59,706
HE HAD LED HIS 5 COMPANIES
OF 210 MEN TOWARD A RIDGE,
604
00:38:59,739 --> 00:39:02,240
CONVINCED THE INDIANS
WERE FLEEING
605
00:39:02,273 --> 00:39:05,307
AND THAT BY CHARGING DOWN
INTO THE VILLAGE FROM THERE,
606
00:39:05,340 --> 00:39:06,873
HE COULD CUT THEM OFF.
607
00:39:09,973 --> 00:39:13,407
HE SENT SOME OF HIS SCOUTS
TO GO LOOK OVER THE HILL.
608
00:39:13,440 --> 00:39:17,040
THEY CAME BACK, TOLD HIM,
"WELL, THEY'RE STILL THERE,"
609
00:39:17,073 --> 00:39:19,674
SO HE DECIDED
TO GO LOOK HIMSELF.
610
00:39:19,706 --> 00:39:22,806
HE WENT UP OVER THERE,
AND PRETTY SOON HE BEAT IT BACK.
611
00:39:22,839 --> 00:39:26,207
HE WAS ALL SHOOK UP,
AS THEY SAY, YOU KNOW.
612
00:39:26,240 --> 00:39:30,006
MY GRANDFATHER
USED TO SAY, UH,
613
00:39:30,040 --> 00:39:32,173
"CUSTER LOOKED
WHITER THAN EVER."
614
00:39:34,340 --> 00:39:37,407
CUSTER WAS OUTNUMBERED
MORE THAN FOUR TO ONE,
615
00:39:37,440 --> 00:39:40,106
BUT HE LED HIS TROOPS
DOWN TOWARD THE VILLAGE,
616
00:39:40,140 --> 00:39:41,207
FIRING AS THEY CAME.
617
00:39:44,207 --> 00:39:47,440
CHEYENNE WARRIORS
LED BY LAME WHITE MAN,
618
00:39:47,473 --> 00:39:50,440
HUNKPAPA LAKOTA UNDER GALL,
619
00:39:50,473 --> 00:39:54,873
AND OGLALA UNDER CRAZY HORSE
RODE OUT TO TURN CUSTER BACK.
620
00:39:56,273 --> 00:39:59,073
CUSTER'S MEN STOPPED SHORT,
621
00:39:59,106 --> 00:40:01,607
STUNNED AT THE SIGHT
OF HUNDREDS OF WARRIORS
622
00:40:01,640 --> 00:40:03,006
HEADED RIGHT AT THEM.
623
00:40:06,440 --> 00:40:08,106
IT APPEARED
THERE WOULD BE NO END
624
00:40:08,140 --> 00:40:11,073
TO THE RUSHING PROCESSION
OF WARRIORS.
625
00:40:11,106 --> 00:40:14,706
THEY KEPT GOING,
GOING, GOING.
626
00:40:14,739 --> 00:40:16,973
I WANTED TO GO, TOO.
627
00:40:17,006 --> 00:40:20,640
I HAD SEEN OTHER BATTLES
IN PAST TIMES.
628
00:40:20,674 --> 00:40:23,540
I ALWAYS LIKED TO WATCH
THE MEN FIGHTING.
629
00:40:32,106 --> 00:40:34,773
THE SOLDIERS BEGAN
A HEADLONG RETREAT
630
00:40:34,806 --> 00:40:37,674
TOWARD THE SUMMIT
OF A LONG, HIGH RIDGE.
631
00:40:39,407 --> 00:40:41,473
SOME OF THE INDIANS
REMEMBERED LATER
632
00:40:41,507 --> 00:40:44,440
THAT THE LEGS OF THE MEN
AND THE HORSES TREMBLED
633
00:40:44,473 --> 00:40:46,540
AS THEY SCRAMBLED
UP THE SLOPE.
634
00:40:50,307 --> 00:40:52,173
I CALLED TO MY MEN,
635
00:40:52,207 --> 00:40:55,507
"THIS IS A GOOD DAY TO DIE.
FOLLOW ME."
636
00:40:56,906 --> 00:40:58,340
AS WE RUSHED UPON THEM,
637
00:40:58,373 --> 00:41:00,806
THE SOLDIERS
DISMOUNTED TO FIRE,
638
00:41:00,839 --> 00:41:03,407
BUT THEY DID
VERY POOR SHOOTING.
639
00:41:03,440 --> 00:41:05,373
THEY HELD THEIR HORSES' REINS
ON ONE ARM
640
00:41:05,407 --> 00:41:06,540
WHILE THEY WERE SHOOTING,
641
00:41:06,574 --> 00:41:07,940
BUT THE HORSES
WERE SO FRIGHTENED
642
00:41:07,973 --> 00:41:11,073
THAT THEY PULLED THE MEN
ALL AROUND,
643
00:41:11,106 --> 00:41:14,173
AND A GREAT MANY OF THEIR SHOTS
WENT UP INTO THE AIR
644
00:41:14,207 --> 00:41:16,373
AND DID US NO HARM.
645
00:41:16,407 --> 00:41:17,706
LOW DOG.
646
00:41:19,106 --> 00:41:20,640
I CHARGED IN.
647
00:41:20,674 --> 00:41:23,773
A TALL, WELL-BUILT SOLDIER
SAW ME COMING.
648
00:41:23,806 --> 00:41:25,273
WHEN I RUSHED HIM,
649
00:41:25,307 --> 00:41:27,873
HE THREW HIS RIFLE AT ME
WITHOUT SHOOTING.
650
00:41:27,906 --> 00:41:29,507
WE GRABBED EACH OTHER
AND WRESTLED
651
00:41:29,540 --> 00:41:32,607
THERE IN THE DUST
AND THE SMOKE.
652
00:41:32,640 --> 00:41:36,106
HE HIT ME WITH HIS FISTS
ON THE JAW AND SHOULDERS,
653
00:41:36,140 --> 00:41:38,973
THEN GRABBED MY LONG BRAIDS
WITH BOTH HANDS,
654
00:41:39,006 --> 00:41:42,674
PULLED MY FACE CLOSE,
AND TRIED TO BITE MY NOSE OFF.
655
00:41:42,706 --> 00:41:45,473
I YELLED AS LOUD AS I COULD
TO SCARE MY ENEMY,
656
00:41:45,507 --> 00:41:47,607
BUT HE WOULD NOT LET GO.
657
00:41:47,640 --> 00:41:50,773
FINALLY, I BROKE FREE.
658
00:41:50,806 --> 00:41:52,640
HE DREW HIS PISTOL.
659
00:41:52,674 --> 00:41:54,006
I WRENCHED IT OUT OF HIS HAND
660
00:41:54,040 --> 00:41:57,674
AND STRUCK HIM WITH IT
THREE OR FOUR TIMES ON THE HEAD,
661
00:41:57,706 --> 00:41:59,273
KNOCKED HIM OVER,
662
00:41:59,307 --> 00:42:03,173
SHOT HIM IN THE HEAD,
THEN FIRED AT HIS HEART.
663
00:42:03,207 --> 00:42:04,839
HO HECHETU!
664
00:42:04,873 --> 00:42:07,507
THAT WAS A FIGHT,
A HARD FIGHT,
665
00:42:07,540 --> 00:42:09,940
BUT IT WAS A GLORIOUS BATTLE.
666
00:42:09,973 --> 00:42:11,906
I ENJOYED IT.
667
00:42:11,940 --> 00:42:13,773
WHITE BULL.
668
00:42:25,240 --> 00:42:28,273
THE SHOTS QUIT COMING
FROM THE SOLDIERS.
669
00:42:28,307 --> 00:42:29,940
WARRIORS WHO HAD CREPT
CLOSE TO THEM
670
00:42:29,973 --> 00:42:33,607
BEGAN TO CALL OUT THAT
ALL THE WHITE MEN WERE DEAD.
671
00:42:33,640 --> 00:42:35,973
ALL OF THE INDIANS WERE SAYING
THESE SOLDIERS WENT CRAZY
672
00:42:36,006 --> 00:42:38,006
AND KILLED THEMSELVES.
673
00:42:38,040 --> 00:42:41,739
I DO NOT KNOW.
I COULD NOT SEE THEM.
674
00:42:41,773 --> 00:42:44,540
BUT I BELIEVE THEY DID SO.
675
00:42:44,574 --> 00:42:45,839
WOODEN LEG.
676
00:42:49,240 --> 00:42:51,674
I SAW SEVERAL
DIFFERENT ONES OF THE SOLDIERS
677
00:42:51,706 --> 00:42:54,040
NOT YET QUITE DEAD.
678
00:42:54,073 --> 00:42:58,373
THE INDIANS CUT OFF ARMS
OR LEGS OR FEET OF THESE--
679
00:42:58,407 --> 00:43:01,839
THE SAME AS WAS DONE
FOR THE ENTIRELY DEAD.
680
00:43:01,873 --> 00:43:04,373
SOME OF THE WOMEN
MOURNING FOR THEIR OWN DEAD
681
00:43:04,407 --> 00:43:07,507
BEAT AND CUT THE DEAD BODIES
OF THE WHITE MEN.
682
00:43:11,640 --> 00:43:13,940
THE SOLDIERS,
ONE LAKOTA REMEMBERED,
683
00:43:13,973 --> 00:43:16,806
"WERE AS GOOD MEN
AS EVER FOUGHT,"
684
00:43:16,839 --> 00:43:18,773
BUT THE FIGHTING,
RECALLED ANOTHER,
685
00:43:18,806 --> 00:43:21,507
HAD LASTED NO LONGER
THAN A HUNGRY MAN NEEDED
686
00:43:21,540 --> 00:43:22,973
TO EAT HIS LUNCH.
687
00:43:31,173 --> 00:43:32,340
IN THE END,
688
00:43:32,373 --> 00:43:34,940
ALL OF THE MEN
IN CUSTER'S COMMAND--
689
00:43:34,973 --> 00:43:37,607
210 OF THEM--LAY DEAD.
690
00:43:42,106 --> 00:43:44,407
IT WAS THE GREATEST
INDIAN VICTORY
691
00:43:44,440 --> 00:43:46,040
OF THE PLAINS WARS.
692
00:43:49,340 --> 00:43:54,940
TWO CHEYENNE WOMEN WERE SAID
TO HAVE FOUND CUSTER'S BODY.
693
00:43:54,973 --> 00:43:57,839
THE WOMEN PUSHED
THE POINT OF A SEWING AWL
694
00:43:57,873 --> 00:44:02,240
INTO EACH OF HIS EARS,
INTO HIS HEAD.
695
00:44:02,273 --> 00:44:05,507
THIS WAS DONE
TO IMPROVE HIS HEARING
696
00:44:05,540 --> 00:44:07,574
AS IT SEEMED HE HAD NOT HEARD
697
00:44:07,607 --> 00:44:10,006
WHAT OUR CHIEFS
IN THE SOUTH HAD SAID
698
00:44:10,040 --> 00:44:12,806
WHEN HE SMOKED THE PIPE
WITH THEM.
699
00:44:12,839 --> 00:44:16,607
THEY TOLD HIM THEN
THAT IF EVER AFTERWARD
700
00:44:16,640 --> 00:44:18,940
HE SHOULD BREAK
THAT PEACE PROMISE
701
00:44:18,973 --> 00:44:21,440
AND SHOULD FIGHT
THE CHEYENNES,
702
00:44:21,473 --> 00:44:25,240
THE EVERYWHERE SPIRIT SURELY
WOULD CAUSE HIM TO BE KILLED.
703
00:44:26,839 --> 00:44:28,940
I OFTEN HAVE WONDERED IF,
704
00:44:28,973 --> 00:44:31,006
WHEN I WAS RIDING
AMONG THE DEAD
705
00:44:31,040 --> 00:44:32,940
WHERE HE WAS LYING,
706
00:44:32,973 --> 00:44:37,140
MY PONY MAY HAVE KICKED DIRT
UPON HIS BODY.
707
00:44:38,473 --> 00:44:39,973
KATE BIGHEAD.
708
00:44:51,739 --> 00:44:53,207
WITH OUR HUSBANDS AWAY
709
00:44:53,240 --> 00:44:55,873
CAMPAIGNING AGAINST
THE INDIANS,
710
00:44:55,906 --> 00:44:57,773
OUR ONLY PLEASURE
AFTER THE TORRID DAY
711
00:44:57,806 --> 00:44:59,574
WAS TO GATHER
ON SOMEONE'S PORCH
712
00:44:59,607 --> 00:45:02,440
IN THE LONG TWILIGHT,
713
00:45:02,473 --> 00:45:05,340
ENJOY WHAT LITTLE MUSIC
WE COULD MUSTER,
714
00:45:05,373 --> 00:45:06,839
AND TRY TO FORGET
OUR WORRIES
715
00:45:06,873 --> 00:45:08,806
AND THE DEVILISH MOSQUITOES.
716
00:45:10,806 --> 00:45:13,340
MANY AMONG US
HAD SWEET VOICES,
717
00:45:13,373 --> 00:45:16,173
AND WHILE I PLAYED THE GUITAR,
EVERYONE SANG.
718
00:45:18,640 --> 00:45:21,806
THEN, GLANCING ACROSS
THE PARADE GROUND,
719
00:45:21,839 --> 00:45:23,540
WE NOTICED SMALL GROUPS
OF SOLDIERS
720
00:45:23,574 --> 00:45:26,173
TALKING EXCITEDLY TOGETHER,
721
00:45:26,207 --> 00:45:28,607
AND SEVERAL PEOPLE
CAME RUNNING TOWARD US,
722
00:45:28,640 --> 00:45:30,839
FACES SET AND WILD-EYED.
723
00:45:32,373 --> 00:45:35,106
ONE WAS HORN TOAD,
THE INDIAN SCOUT,
724
00:45:35,140 --> 00:45:38,440
WHO GASPED IN SHORT,
SHARP SENTENCES,
725
00:45:38,473 --> 00:45:43,607
"CUSTER KILLED.
WHOLE COMMAND KILLED."
726
00:45:43,640 --> 00:45:47,106
THE GUITAR SLIPPED
FROM MY KNEES TO THE FLOOR.
727
00:45:47,140 --> 00:45:48,073
THE PINK BALL OF KNITTING
728
00:45:48,106 --> 00:45:52,073
FELL OUT OF
CHARLOTTE MOYLAN'S HANDS.
729
00:45:52,106 --> 00:45:56,040
THE LETTER LYING IDLY
IN MRS. BENTEEN'S LAP
730
00:45:56,073 --> 00:46:00,140
FLUTTERED OVER THE RAIL
AND ONTO THE LAWN.
731
00:46:00,173 --> 00:46:01,607
KATHERINE GIBSON.
732
00:46:35,507 --> 00:46:39,507
AMERICANS WERE CELEBRATING
THEIR CENTENNIAL THAT SUMMER,
733
00:46:39,540 --> 00:46:43,574
PROUD OF 100 YEARS
OF INDEPENDENCE.
734
00:46:43,607 --> 00:46:46,640
THE NEWS THAT CUSTER AND ALL
THE MEN IN HIS COMMAND
735
00:46:46,674 --> 00:46:50,873
HAD BEEN KILLED BY INDIANS WAS
GREETED WITH SIMPLE DISBELIEF.
736
00:46:54,973 --> 00:46:58,140
HOW COULD SUCH A THING
POSSIBLY HAVE HAPPENED?
737
00:46:58,173 --> 00:47:01,706
HOW COULD MERE INDIANS
WITH NAMES THAT SOUNDED ABSURD
738
00:47:01,739 --> 00:47:03,873
TO EASTERN EARS--
739
00:47:03,906 --> 00:47:06,839
LOW DOG, CRAZY HORSE,
SITTING BULL--
740
00:47:06,873 --> 00:47:09,739
HAVE DEFEATED SO CELEBRATED
A SOLDIER?
741
00:47:11,574 --> 00:47:13,240
GENERAL PHILIP SHERIDAN,
742
00:47:13,273 --> 00:47:16,340
ARCHITECT OF THE PLAN
THAT HAD ENDED IN DISASTER,
743
00:47:16,373 --> 00:47:19,140
PROMISED CUSTER
WOULD BE AVENGED.
744
00:47:19,173 --> 00:47:23,674
WASHINGTON HURRIED 2,500
ADDITIONAL CAVALRYMEN WEST.
745
00:47:25,574 --> 00:47:28,240
IF YOU LOOK AT THE BATTLE
OF THE LITTLE BIGHORN,
746
00:47:28,273 --> 00:47:30,207
IT WAS CUSTER'S LAST STAND,
747
00:47:30,240 --> 00:47:32,940
BUT IN A LOT OF WAYS,
IT WAS THE LAST STAND
748
00:47:32,973 --> 00:47:34,839
FOR INDIAN PEOPLE
AS A FREE PEOPLE,
749
00:47:34,873 --> 00:47:36,773
AS A PEOPLE THAT WERE LIVING
ON THE PLAINS
750
00:47:36,806 --> 00:47:39,173
AND IN A LIFESTYLE
THAT WAS GOING TO CHANGE
751
00:47:39,207 --> 00:47:40,739
BECAUSE OF THAT VICTORY.
752
00:47:44,839 --> 00:47:46,073
FRESH BLUE COLUMNS
753
00:47:46,106 --> 00:47:49,973
COMMANDED BY CROOK, TERRY,
AND COLONEL NELSON MILES
754
00:47:50,006 --> 00:47:52,207
CRISSCROSSED
THE POWDER RIVER COUNTRY,
755
00:47:52,240 --> 00:47:54,340
HUNTING DOWN THE BANDS
THAT HAD SPLIT UP
756
00:47:54,373 --> 00:47:56,240
AFTER THE CUSTER FIGHT.
757
00:48:01,073 --> 00:48:03,773
ONE BY ONE,
THEY WERE FORCED TO SURRENDER.
758
00:48:08,340 --> 00:48:10,739
INDIANS WHO HAD HAD NOTHING
TO DO WITH THE FIGHTING
759
00:48:10,773 --> 00:48:11,873
WERE DISARMED
760
00:48:11,906 --> 00:48:14,706
AND HAD THEIR PONIES
SEIZED AND SOLD.
761
00:48:16,473 --> 00:48:20,040
WHATEVER WE DO,
WHEREVER WE GO,
762
00:48:20,073 --> 00:48:24,373
WE ARE EXPECTED
TO SAY YES, YES, YES, YES,
763
00:48:24,407 --> 00:48:25,940
AND WHEN WE DON'T
AGREE AT ONCE
764
00:48:25,973 --> 00:48:28,307
TO WHAT YOU ASK OF US
IN COUNCIL,
765
00:48:28,340 --> 00:48:32,006
YOU ALWAYS SAY,
"YOU WON'T GET ANYTHING TO EAT."
766
00:48:33,340 --> 00:48:34,674
STANDING ELK.
767
00:48:37,706 --> 00:48:40,106
DESPITE THE FORT LARAMIE TREATY,
768
00:48:40,140 --> 00:48:43,307
CONGRESS TOOK AWAY
THE BLACK HILLS
769
00:48:43,340 --> 00:48:47,040
AND ANOTHER 40 MILLION ACRES
OF LAKOTA LAND.
770
00:48:49,706 --> 00:48:53,507
THE RESERVATION CHIEFS WERE
MADE TO AGREE TO ALL OF IT.
771
00:49:02,106 --> 00:49:05,706
BUT SITTING BULL
STILL HELD OUT.
772
00:49:05,739 --> 00:49:07,773
HE AND HIS FOLLOWERS
WERE BEYOND THE REACH
773
00:49:07,806 --> 00:49:11,839
OF AMERICAN TROOPS,
ACROSS THE BORDER IN CANADA,
774
00:49:11,873 --> 00:49:14,440
WHICH HE CALLED
THE LAND OF THE GRANDMOTHER
775
00:49:14,473 --> 00:49:16,440
IN HONOR OF QUEEN VICTORIA.
776
00:49:19,674 --> 00:49:22,473
WHEN GENERAL ALFRED TERRY
TRAVELED NORTH
777
00:49:22,507 --> 00:49:24,407
TO OFFER HIM A FULL PARDON
778
00:49:24,440 --> 00:49:27,373
ON THE CONDITION THAT HE SETTLE
ON A RESERVATION,
779
00:49:27,407 --> 00:49:29,940
SITTING BULL
ANGRILY SENT HIM AWAY.
780
00:49:31,540 --> 00:49:34,640
THIS COUNTRY IS MY COUNTRY NOW,
781
00:49:34,674 --> 00:49:39,940
AND I INTEND TO STAY HERE
AND RAISE MY PEOPLE TO FILL IT.
782
00:49:39,973 --> 00:49:43,173
WE DID NOT
GIVE OUR COUNTRY TO YOU.
783
00:49:43,207 --> 00:49:45,173
YOU STOLE IT.
784
00:49:45,207 --> 00:49:47,940
YOU COME HERE TO TELL LIES.
785
00:49:47,973 --> 00:49:51,040
WHEN YOU GO HOME,
TAKE THEM WITH YOU.
786
00:50:06,674 --> 00:50:08,006
I FEEL LIKE A FATHER
787
00:50:08,040 --> 00:50:12,640
WITH A GREAT FAMILY OF CHILDREN
AROUND ME IN A WINTER STORM,
788
00:50:12,674 --> 00:50:16,440
AND I AM LOOKING WITH CALMNESS,
CONFIDENCE, AND PATIENCE
789
00:50:16,473 --> 00:50:20,373
FOR THE CLOUDS TO BREAK
AND THE SUN TO SHINE
790
00:50:20,407 --> 00:50:24,173
SO THAT I CAN RUN OUT AND SAY,
"CHILDREN, COME HOME."
791
00:50:25,839 --> 00:50:28,073
I AM READY TO KILL
THE FATTED CALF
792
00:50:28,106 --> 00:50:33,140
AND MAKE A JOYFUL FEAST TO ALL
WHO WILL COME AND PARTAKE.
793
00:50:33,173 --> 00:50:34,407
BRIGHAM YOUNG.
794
00:50:36,473 --> 00:50:38,240
FOR 30 HARD YEARS,
795
00:50:38,273 --> 00:50:41,340
BRIGHAM YOUNG HAD ATTENDED
TO EVERY DETAIL OF LIFE
796
00:50:41,373 --> 00:50:42,940
IN MORMON UTAH,
797
00:50:42,973 --> 00:50:47,140
WHERE UNDER HIS LEADERSHIP,
150,000 LATTER DAY SAINTS
798
00:50:47,173 --> 00:50:49,739
HAD SETTLED
IN HIS DESERT SANCTUARY.
799
00:50:53,440 --> 00:50:56,806
YOUNG HAD TRIED TO FASHION
A DISTINCT SOCIETY
800
00:50:56,839 --> 00:50:59,773
BASED ON COMMUNAL ECONOMICS,
POLYGAMY,
801
00:50:59,806 --> 00:51:04,240
AND ONE-PARTY POLITICS--
ALL RUN BY THE CHURCH--
802
00:51:04,273 --> 00:51:07,440
BUT NOW HE FELT BESIEGED.
803
00:51:07,473 --> 00:51:12,674
CONGRESS WAS ONCE AGAIN TRYING
TO ASSERT CONTROL OVER UTAH.
804
00:51:12,706 --> 00:51:15,973
A NEW LAW GAVE FEDERAL COURTS,
NOT MORMONS,
805
00:51:16,006 --> 00:51:18,540
JURISDICTION
OVER CRIMINAL CASES.
806
00:51:19,640 --> 00:51:21,640
THE FEDERAL OFFICIALS IN UTAH
807
00:51:21,674 --> 00:51:25,973
THEN REALLY WANTED
TO NAIL BRIGHAM YOUNG.
808
00:51:26,006 --> 00:51:31,839
THEY WERE TRYING TO REDUCE
HIS POWER OVER THE PEOPLE.
809
00:51:31,873 --> 00:51:34,739
ONE OF THE FIRST ACTIONS
OF THE FEDERAL PROSECUTORS
810
00:51:34,773 --> 00:51:38,507
WAS TO ARREST YOUNG'S
DEVOTED FOLLOWER, JOHN D. LEE,
811
00:51:38,540 --> 00:51:40,739
AND PUT HIM ON TRIAL
FOR MURDER.
812
00:51:44,273 --> 00:51:48,073
20 YEARS EARLIER, A GROUP
OF UNSUSPECTING EMIGRANTS
813
00:51:48,106 --> 00:51:50,806
FROM MISSOURI AND ARKANSAS
HAD BEEN ATTACKED
814
00:51:50,839 --> 00:51:53,273
BY A COMBINED FORCE
OF PAIUTE INDIANS
815
00:51:53,307 --> 00:51:54,674
AND MORMON SETTLERS
816
00:51:54,706 --> 00:51:57,106
AT A PLACE
CALLED MOUNTAIN MEADOWS.
817
00:52:00,806 --> 00:52:04,440
JOHN D. LEE HAD OPPOSED
THE ATTACK AT FIRST,
818
00:52:04,473 --> 00:52:06,873
BUT IN THE END,
HE WENT ALONG WITH IT,
819
00:52:06,906 --> 00:52:09,773
AND MORE THAN 100 MEN,
WOMEN, AND CHILDREN
820
00:52:09,806 --> 00:52:11,839
HAD BEEN SLAUGHTERED
WITHOUT MERCY.
821
00:52:13,373 --> 00:52:16,739
IT HAD BEEN THE DARKEST EVENT
IN MORMON HISTORY.
822
00:52:18,473 --> 00:52:22,106
JOHN D. LEE WAS
ONE OF MY GREAT-GRANDFATHERS,
823
00:52:22,140 --> 00:52:24,973
AND HE, UNTIL RECENT TIMES,
824
00:52:25,006 --> 00:52:26,473
WAS CONSIDERED THE LEADER
825
00:52:26,507 --> 00:52:29,973
WHO CARRIED OUT
THE MOUNTAIN MEADOW MASSACRE.
826
00:52:30,006 --> 00:52:32,540
ACTUALLY, HE WAS
ABOUT THIRD IN LINE
827
00:52:32,574 --> 00:52:34,973
IN THE CHAIN OF COMMAND
OF A MILITIA
828
00:52:35,006 --> 00:52:37,607
THAT CARRIED THIS OUT.
829
00:52:37,640 --> 00:52:39,839
HE LATER THEN WAS SENT
TO SOUTHERN UTAH
830
00:52:39,873 --> 00:52:42,173
AND KIND OF
OUT OF THE IMMEDIATE ORBIT
831
00:52:42,207 --> 00:52:43,207
OF BRIGHAM YOUNG,
832
00:52:43,240 --> 00:52:46,340
BUT THERE WAS A FATHER/SON
TYPE RELATIONSHIP
833
00:52:46,373 --> 00:52:47,773
BETWEEN THOSE TWO MEN.
834
00:52:50,739 --> 00:52:53,839
FOR YEARS, YOUNG TRIED
TO PROTECT HIS PROTEGE
835
00:52:53,873 --> 00:52:59,106
FROM CAPTURE AND PROSECUTION
FOR HIS ROLE IN THE MASSACRE,
836
00:52:59,140 --> 00:53:01,973
SENDING HIM TO EXILE
IN THE ARIZONA WILDERNESS
837
00:53:02,006 --> 00:53:03,674
NEAR THE GRAND CANYON.
838
00:53:05,607 --> 00:53:09,440
IT WAS A ROUGH,
SOLITARY EXISTENCE.
839
00:53:09,473 --> 00:53:12,540
LEE NAMED HIS NEW HOME
LONELY DELL.
840
00:53:17,006 --> 00:53:19,507
PROSECUTORS OFFERED HIM
MONEY AND LENIENCY
841
00:53:19,540 --> 00:53:22,140
IF HE WOULD IMPLICATE OTHERS
IN THE KILLINGS.
842
00:53:23,973 --> 00:53:25,873
IT IS TOLD AROUND FOR A FACT
843
00:53:25,906 --> 00:53:28,240
THAT I COULD TELL
GREAT CONFESSIONS
844
00:53:28,273 --> 00:53:33,373
AND BRING IN BRIGHAM YOUNG
AND THE HEADS OF THE CHURCH,
845
00:53:33,407 --> 00:53:36,240
BUT I WILL NOT BE THE MEANS
OF BRINGING TROUBLES
846
00:53:36,273 --> 00:53:37,574
ON MY PEOPLE...
847
00:53:39,140 --> 00:53:41,574
FOR THIS PEOPLE
IS A MISREPRESENTED
848
00:53:41,607 --> 00:53:45,006
AND CRIED-DOWN COMMUNITY--
849
00:53:45,040 --> 00:53:49,674
YES, A PEOPLE SCATTERED
AND PEELED.
850
00:53:49,706 --> 00:53:51,407
AND IF AT LAST
THEY DID RISE UP
851
00:53:51,440 --> 00:53:54,006
AND SHED THE BLOOD
OF THEIR ENEMIES,
852
00:53:54,040 --> 00:53:56,273
I WON'T CONSENT
TO GIVE THEM UP.
853
00:53:57,540 --> 00:53:59,940
JOHN D. LEE.
854
00:54:01,507 --> 00:54:03,373
WHEN LEE'S TRIAL BEGAN,
855
00:54:03,407 --> 00:54:07,940
ORDERS WENT OUT
THAT NO MORMON SHOULD TESTIFY.
856
00:54:07,973 --> 00:54:11,773
THE FOUR GENTILES ON THE JURY
FOUND LEE GUILTY,
857
00:54:11,806 --> 00:54:15,940
BUT ALL EIGHT MORMONS
HELD OUT FOR ACQUITTAL.
858
00:54:15,973 --> 00:54:18,574
ACROSS THE NATION,
THE CASE BECAME A SYMBOL
859
00:54:18,607 --> 00:54:22,607
FOR EVERYTHING AMERICANS
DESPISED ABOUT MORMONISM.
860
00:54:22,640 --> 00:54:24,273
PRESSURES MOUNTED
FOR THE GOVERNMENT
861
00:54:24,307 --> 00:54:26,507
TO STRIP BRIGHAM YOUNG
AND THE CHURCH
862
00:54:26,540 --> 00:54:29,407
OF THEIR AUTHORITY IN UTAH.
863
00:54:29,440 --> 00:54:31,540
A SECOND TRIAL WAS SCHEDULED.
864
00:54:32,574 --> 00:54:34,373
AND I THINK
A DECISION WAS MADE--
865
00:54:34,407 --> 00:54:36,906
"WELL, IF WE SACRIFICE LEE,
866
00:54:36,940 --> 00:54:39,607
MAYBE THE PRESSURES
WILL GO AWAY,"
867
00:54:39,640 --> 00:54:42,906
BECAUSE AT THE SECOND TRIAL,
868
00:54:42,940 --> 00:54:44,873
THE WORD WAS SENT DOWN
TO THE MORMONS
869
00:54:44,906 --> 00:54:47,706
THAT THIS HAD TO BE COMPLETED
870
00:54:47,739 --> 00:54:51,407
AND THEY SHOULD VOTE
FOR CONVICTION.
871
00:54:51,440 --> 00:54:55,073
HE WAS SINGLED OUT
AS THE PERPETRATOR,
872
00:54:55,106 --> 00:54:58,773
AND MORMONS EVEN PUT IT
IN THEIR SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSONS,
873
00:54:58,806 --> 00:55:01,607
WHICH BOTHERED MY FAMILY
FOR A LONG TIME.
874
00:55:01,640 --> 00:55:05,040
AND HE WAS, IN EFFECT,
THE SCAPEGOAT.
875
00:55:05,073 --> 00:55:09,140
THIS TIME, ALL THE MEMBERS
OF THE JURY WERE MORMONS.
876
00:55:09,173 --> 00:55:11,407
ALL VOTED TO CONVICT.
877
00:55:11,440 --> 00:55:13,940
NO ONE ELSE WHO TOOK PART
IN THE MASSACRE
878
00:55:13,973 --> 00:55:17,040
WAS EVER BROUGHT TO TRIAL.
879
00:55:17,073 --> 00:55:20,073
UNDER UTAH LAW,
LEE WAS ALLOWED TO CHOOSE
880
00:55:20,106 --> 00:55:24,140
WHETHER HE WISHED TO BE SHOT,
HANGED, OR BEHEADED.
881
00:55:24,173 --> 00:55:26,973
HE CHOSE TO FACE
A FIRING SQUAD.
882
00:55:29,739 --> 00:55:34,739
ON MARCH 23, 1877,
JOHN D. LEE WAS ESCORTED
883
00:55:34,773 --> 00:55:37,574
TO THE SITE OF
THE MOUNTAIN MEADOWS MASSACRE,
884
00:55:37,607 --> 00:55:41,674
SEATED ON A COFFIN,
AND PHOTOGRAPHED.
885
00:55:41,706 --> 00:55:44,140
HE MADE ARRANGEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE TWO WIVES
886
00:55:44,173 --> 00:55:48,973
WHO REMAINED TRUE TO HIM
TO GET A COPY OF THE PICTURE.
887
00:55:49,006 --> 00:55:51,839
THEN HE SPOKE
TO THE LITTLE CROWD
888
00:55:51,873 --> 00:55:53,739
THAT HAD COME TO SEE HIM DIE.
889
00:55:55,340 --> 00:55:58,574
I HAVE BUT LITTLE
TO SAY THIS MORNING.
890
00:55:58,607 --> 00:56:02,040
OF COURSE, I FEEL THAT I AM
UPON THE BRINK OF ETERNITY.
891
00:56:02,073 --> 00:56:04,873
I FEEL AS CALM
AS A SUMMER MORN.
892
00:56:04,906 --> 00:56:08,207
I AM READY
TO MEET MY REDEEMER.
893
00:56:08,240 --> 00:56:11,674
I DO NOT BELIEVE EVERYTHING
THAT IS NOW BEING TAUGHT
894
00:56:11,706 --> 00:56:14,073
AND PRACTICED
BY BRIGHAM YOUNG.
895
00:56:14,106 --> 00:56:17,240
I DO NOT CARE WHO HEARS IT.
896
00:56:17,273 --> 00:56:20,706
I STUDIED TO MAKE
THIS MAN'S WILL MY PLEASURE
897
00:56:20,739 --> 00:56:23,674
FOR 30 YEARS.
898
00:56:23,706 --> 00:56:27,773
SEE NOW WHAT I HAVE COME TO
THIS DAY.
899
00:56:27,806 --> 00:56:29,440
I HAVE BEEN SACRIFICED
900
00:56:29,473 --> 00:56:33,173
IN A COWARDLY,
DASTARDLY MANNER.
901
00:56:33,207 --> 00:56:37,140
WHAT CONFIDENCE CAN I HAVE
IN SUCH A MAN?
902
00:56:37,173 --> 00:56:38,940
I HAVE NONE,
903
00:56:38,973 --> 00:56:42,106
AND I DON'T THINK
MY FATHER IN HEAVEN HAS ANY.
904
00:56:43,839 --> 00:56:47,340
THEN LEE SHOOK HANDS
WITH HIS EXECUTIONERS,
905
00:56:47,373 --> 00:56:50,706
HANDED HIS HAT AND OVERCOAT
TO A FRIEND.
906
00:56:50,739 --> 00:56:54,273
HIS LAST WORDS
WERE TO THE FIRING SQUAD.
907
00:56:54,307 --> 00:56:56,873
"CENTER MY HEART, BOYS,"
HE SAID.
908
00:56:56,906 --> 00:56:58,640
"DON'T MANGLE MY BODY."
909
00:57:23,640 --> 00:57:25,106
FIVE MONTHS LATER,
910
00:57:25,140 --> 00:57:29,273
BRIGHAM YOUNG WAS SEIZED
BY TERRIBLE STOMACH PAINS.
911
00:57:29,307 --> 00:57:32,207
FOR DAYS, SURROUNDED
BY HIS HUGE FAMILY,
912
00:57:32,240 --> 00:57:35,674
THE PATRIARCH FLOATED
IN AND OUT OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
913
00:57:38,307 --> 00:57:42,706
ON AUGUST 29, HE CALLED OUT
THE NAME OF JOSEPH SMITH,
914
00:57:42,739 --> 00:57:45,607
FOUNDER OF THE MORMON FAITH.
915
00:57:45,640 --> 00:57:47,973
THEN BRIGHAM YOUNG,
916
00:57:48,006 --> 00:57:50,706
THE MAN WHO HAD LED
HIS PEOPLE TO THE WEST
917
00:57:50,739 --> 00:57:52,640
AND HAD SHIELDED THEM
FROM THEIR ENEMIES
918
00:57:52,674 --> 00:57:55,340
FOR THREE DECADES, DIED.
919
00:57:57,307 --> 00:58:00,940
EVEN IN DEATH,
HE REMAINED IN CHARGE.
920
00:58:00,973 --> 00:58:04,640
FOLLOWING PRECISE INSTRUCTIONS
LEFT IN HIS WILL,
921
00:58:04,674 --> 00:58:07,839
HIS REMAINS WERE PLACED
IN A STONE VAULT
922
00:58:07,873 --> 00:58:10,173
OVERLOOKING
THE MAGNIFICENT CITY
923
00:58:10,207 --> 00:58:13,473
HE HAD BUILT IN THE DESERT.
924
00:58:13,507 --> 00:58:16,507
NOW HIS FOLLOWERS
WOULD HAVE TO FACE THE WORLD
925
00:58:16,540 --> 00:58:17,839
WITHOUT HIM.
926
00:58:31,207 --> 00:58:34,273
I CAN'T UNDERTAKE
TO EXPLAIN BRIGHAM YOUNG
927
00:58:34,307 --> 00:58:36,473
TO YOUR ATLANTIC CITIZENS
928
00:58:36,507 --> 00:58:39,340
OR EXPECT YOU TO PUT HIM
AT HIS VALUE.
929
00:58:41,640 --> 00:58:43,640
YOUR GREAT MEN EASTWARD
ARE TO ME
930
00:58:43,674 --> 00:58:47,873
LIKE YOUR IVORY-
AND PEARL-HANDLED TABLE KNIVES--
931
00:58:47,906 --> 00:58:51,674
MORE SHINY THAN THE INSIDE
OF MY WATCH CASE
932
00:58:51,706 --> 00:58:55,407
BUT WITH ONLY EDGE ENOUGH
TO SLICE BREAD AND CHEESE
933
00:58:55,440 --> 00:58:58,473
AND ALL ALIKE BY THE DOZEN,
ONE WITH ANOTHER.
934
00:59:01,373 --> 00:59:06,140
BRIGHAM IS THE ARTICLE
THAT SELLS OUT WEST WITH US--
935
00:59:06,173 --> 00:59:10,140
BETWEEN A ROMAN CUTLASS
AND A BEEF BUTCHER KNIFE--
936
00:59:10,173 --> 00:59:13,307
THE THING TO CUT UP A DEER
OR CUT DOWN AN ENEMY
937
00:59:13,340 --> 00:59:15,040
EVERY BIT AS WELL.
938
00:59:17,473 --> 00:59:21,173
YOU THAT JUDGE MEN
BY THE HANDLE AND THE SHEATH,
939
00:59:21,207 --> 00:59:24,373
HOW CAN I MAKE YOU KNOW
A GOOD BLADE?
940
00:59:26,706 --> 00:59:28,973
JEDEDIAH M. GRANT.
941
00:59:45,873 --> 00:59:48,407
OUR FATHERS GAVE US MANY LAWS,
942
00:59:48,440 --> 00:59:51,674
WHICH THEY HAD LEARNED
FROM THEIR FATHERS.
943
00:59:51,706 --> 00:59:55,640
THEY TOLD US TO TREAT ALL MEN
AS THEY TREATED US,
944
00:59:55,674 --> 00:59:59,473
THAT WE SHOULD NEVER BE
THE FIRST TO BREAK A BARGAIN,
945
00:59:59,507 --> 01:00:03,307
THAT IT WAS A DISGRACE
TO TELL A LIE,
946
01:00:03,340 --> 01:00:06,706
THAT WE SHOULD SPEAK
ONLY THE TRUTH.
947
01:00:06,739 --> 01:00:07,940
WE WERE TAUGHT TO BELIEVE
948
01:00:07,973 --> 01:00:11,674
THAT THE GREAT SPIRIT
SEES AND HEARS EVERYTHING
949
01:00:11,706 --> 01:00:13,440
AND THAT HE NEVER FORGETS.
950
01:00:16,540 --> 01:00:18,073
THIS I BELIEVE,
951
01:00:18,106 --> 01:00:21,706
AND ALL MY PEOPLE
BELIEVE THE SAME.
952
01:00:21,739 --> 01:00:23,839
HIN-MAH-TOO-YAH-LAT-KEKHT.
953
01:00:27,574 --> 01:00:30,540
BY 1877, MOST NEZ PERCE
954
01:00:30,574 --> 01:00:33,806
WERE LIVING ON A RESERVATION
ALONG THE CLEARWATER RIVER
955
01:00:33,839 --> 01:00:36,607
IN WESTERN IDAHO.
956
01:00:36,640 --> 01:00:39,140
MANY HAD CONVERTED
TO CHRISTIANITY,
957
01:00:39,173 --> 01:00:42,540
WORE WHITE MEN'S CLOTHES,
AND HAD TAKEN UP FARMING.
958
01:00:45,173 --> 01:00:49,440
BUT SOME REFUSED TO MOVE
ONTO THE RESERVATION.
959
01:00:49,473 --> 01:00:52,940
AMONG THEM WAS A BAND THAT LIVED
IN THE BEAUTIFUL WALLOWA VALLEY
960
01:00:52,973 --> 01:00:56,340
OF EASTERN OREGON.
961
01:00:56,373 --> 01:00:58,040
THEIR VILLAGE CHIEF--
962
01:00:58,073 --> 01:01:01,407
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OVERALL
WELFARE OF HIS PEOPLE--
963
01:01:01,440 --> 01:01:05,307
WAS A TALL, RESERVED MAN
WHOSE NEZ PERCE NAME--
964
01:01:05,340 --> 01:01:07,173
HIN-MAH-TOO-YAH-LAT-KEKHT--
965
01:01:07,207 --> 01:01:10,806
MEANT "THUNDER ROLLING
FROM THE MOUNTAINS."
966
01:01:10,839 --> 01:01:13,574
WHITES CALLED HIM
CHIEF JOSEPH.
967
01:01:15,806 --> 01:01:17,340
HE WAS STILL A YOUNG MAN
968
01:01:17,373 --> 01:01:19,540
WHEN HE PROMISED
HIS DYING FATHER
969
01:01:19,574 --> 01:01:23,607
THAT HE WOULD NEVER
SELL THEIR HOMELAND,
970
01:01:23,640 --> 01:01:25,307
AND FOR SIX YEARS,
971
01:01:25,340 --> 01:01:28,040
HE HAD REFUSED
TO MOVE ONTO THE RESERVATION
972
01:01:28,073 --> 01:01:29,739
TO COMPLY WITH A TREATY
973
01:01:29,773 --> 01:01:32,739
HIS BAND OF NEZ PERCE
HAD NEVER SIGNED.
974
01:01:36,006 --> 01:01:37,773
DO NOT MISUNDERSTAND ME
975
01:01:37,806 --> 01:01:40,674
AND MY AFFECTION FOR THE LAND.
976
01:01:40,706 --> 01:01:45,207
I NEVER SAID THE LAND WAS MINE
TO DO WITH AS I CHOSE.
977
01:01:45,240 --> 01:01:47,273
THE ONE WHO HAS THE RIGHT
TO DISPOSE OF IT
978
01:01:47,307 --> 01:01:50,540
IS THE ONE
WHO HAS CREATED IT.
979
01:01:50,574 --> 01:01:53,273
I CLAIM A RIGHT
TO LIVE ON MY LAND
980
01:01:53,307 --> 01:01:57,839
AND ACCORD YOU THE PRIVILEGE
TO LIVE ON YOURS.
981
01:01:57,873 --> 01:02:01,106
THE EARTH IS THE MOTHER
OF ALL PEOPLE,
982
01:02:01,140 --> 01:02:04,739
AND ALL PEOPLE SHOULD HAVE
EQUAL RIGHTS UPON IT.
983
01:02:04,773 --> 01:02:06,140
CHIEF JOSEPH.
984
01:02:10,873 --> 01:02:13,273
WE DO NOT WISH TO
INTERFERE WITH YOUR RELIGION
985
01:02:13,307 --> 01:02:16,540
BUT MUST TALK ABOUT
PRACTICABLE THINGS.
986
01:02:16,574 --> 01:02:20,674
20 TIMES OVER, YOU REPEAT
THAT THE EARTH IS YOUR MOTHER.
987
01:02:20,706 --> 01:02:24,207
LET US HEAR NO MORE
BUT COME TO BUSINESS AT ONCE.
988
01:02:24,240 --> 01:02:26,207
GENERAL OLIVER O. HOWARD.
989
01:02:28,674 --> 01:02:30,674
GENERAL OLIVER OTIS HOWARD
990
01:02:30,706 --> 01:02:32,806
WAS A ONE-ARMED
CIVIL WAR HERO
991
01:02:32,839 --> 01:02:34,973
WHO HAD RUN
THE FREEDMEN'S BUREAU
992
01:02:35,006 --> 01:02:38,340
AND FOUNDED HOWARD UNIVERSITY
FOR EMANCIPATED BLACKS
993
01:02:38,373 --> 01:02:40,507
IN WASHINGTON, D.C.
994
01:02:40,540 --> 01:02:44,773
NOW HE WAS DISPATCHED
TO DEAL WITH THE NEZ PERCE.
995
01:02:44,806 --> 01:02:46,140
HOWARD BECAME CONVINCED
996
01:02:46,173 --> 01:02:48,739
THAT THE INDIANS WERE RIGHT
ABOUT THE TREATY
997
01:02:48,773 --> 01:02:52,607
AND WROTE THE WAR DEPARTMENT
TO SAY SO.
998
01:02:52,640 --> 01:02:54,473
I THINK IT IS
A GREAT MISTAKE
999
01:02:54,507 --> 01:02:57,640
TO TAKE THE VALLEY
FROM JOSEPH AND HIS BAND.
1000
01:02:57,674 --> 01:02:59,307
POSSIBLY CONGRESS
CAN BE INDUCED
1001
01:02:59,340 --> 01:03:03,640
TO LET THESE PEACEABLE INDIANS
HAVE THIS VALLEY FOR THEIR OWN.
1002
01:03:06,240 --> 01:03:09,806
HOWARD OFFERED TO BUY
THE WALLOWA VALLEY,
1003
01:03:09,839 --> 01:03:12,674
BUT JOSEPH REFUSED TO SELL IT.
1004
01:03:12,706 --> 01:03:17,073
NOW WASHINGTON ORDERED HOWARD
TO MOVE THE NEZ PERCE,
1005
01:03:17,106 --> 01:03:20,207
ONE WAY OR ANOTHER.
1006
01:03:20,240 --> 01:03:21,973
HE TOLD JOSEPH AND THE OTHERS
1007
01:03:22,006 --> 01:03:24,106
THAT IF THEY WEREN'T
ON THE RESERVATION
1008
01:03:24,140 --> 01:03:26,574
IN LAPWAI, IDAHO,
WITHIN A MONTH,
1009
01:03:26,607 --> 01:03:29,273
HIS SOLDIERS
WOULD FORCE THEM TO GO THERE.
1010
01:03:31,839 --> 01:03:34,906
I KNEW I HAD NEVER
SOLD MY COUNTRY
1011
01:03:34,940 --> 01:03:39,207
AND THAT I HAD NO LAND
IN LAPWAI,
1012
01:03:39,240 --> 01:03:41,873
BUT I DID NOT WANT BLOODSHED.
1013
01:03:41,906 --> 01:03:43,940
I DID NOT WANT
MY PEOPLE KILLED.
1014
01:03:43,973 --> 01:03:47,739
I DID NOT
WANT ANYBODY KILLED.
1015
01:03:47,773 --> 01:03:51,540
I SAID IN MY HEART THAT,
RATHER THAN HAVE WAR,
1016
01:03:51,574 --> 01:03:53,806
I WOULD GIVE UP EVERYTHING
1017
01:03:53,839 --> 01:03:55,906
RATHER THAN HAVE
THE BLOOD OF WHITE MEN
1018
01:03:55,940 --> 01:03:59,873
UPON THE HANDS OF MY PEOPLE.
1019
01:04:01,806 --> 01:04:05,373
JOSEPH AND THE OTHER CHIEFS
BEGAN MOVING THEIR PEOPLE.
1020
01:04:08,307 --> 01:04:10,473
BUT A HANDFUL
OF YOUNG WARRIORS,
1021
01:04:10,507 --> 01:04:14,040
SEEKING REVENGE FOR THE WAY
THEIR PEOPLE HAD BEEN TREATED,
1022
01:04:14,073 --> 01:04:17,806
SLIPPED AWAY
AND KILLED 18 WHITE SETTLERS.
1023
01:04:19,906 --> 01:04:22,140
FOR THE FIRST TIME
IN THEIR HISTORY,
1024
01:04:22,173 --> 01:04:26,440
JOSEPH'S PEOPLE FOUND THEMSELVES
AT WAR WITH THE AMERICANS.
1025
01:04:28,240 --> 01:04:32,407
I KNEW WE WERE TOO WEAK
TO FIGHT THE UNITED STATES.
1026
01:04:32,440 --> 01:04:34,540
WE HAD MANY GRIEVANCES,
1027
01:04:34,574 --> 01:04:37,040
BUT I KNEW THAT WAR
WOULD BRING MORE.
1028
01:04:38,973 --> 01:04:41,106
HOWARD SENT
CAPTAIN DAVID PERRY
1029
01:04:41,140 --> 01:04:42,773
AND TWO TROOPS OF CAVALRY
1030
01:04:42,806 --> 01:04:44,140
TO BRING THE YOUNG WARRIORS
1031
01:04:44,173 --> 01:04:46,540
AND THE REST
OF THE NEZ PERCE IN
1032
01:04:46,574 --> 01:04:49,440
AND CONFIDENTLY
WIRED HIS SUPERIORS,
1033
01:04:49,473 --> 01:04:52,739
"THINK WE WILL MAKE
SHORT WORK OF IT."
1034
01:04:52,773 --> 01:04:55,407
AT WHITE BIRD CANYON
ON THE SALMON RIVER,
1035
01:04:55,440 --> 01:04:58,473
PERRY ATTACKED.
1036
01:04:58,507 --> 01:05:00,906
THE NEZ PERCE HURLED THEM BACK.
1037
01:05:04,507 --> 01:05:08,340
THOSE SOLDIERS DID NOT
HOLD THEIR POSITION 10 MINUTES.
1038
01:05:08,373 --> 01:05:11,706
SOME SOLDIERS
WERE QUICKLY ON THE RUN.
1039
01:05:11,739 --> 01:05:14,407
THEN THE ENTIRE ENEMY FORCE
GAVE WAY.
1040
01:05:18,674 --> 01:05:21,806
WE COUNTED
33 DEAD SOLDIERS.
1041
01:05:21,839 --> 01:05:25,739
WE DID NO SCALPING.
WE DID NOT STRIP THEM NAKED.
1042
01:05:25,773 --> 01:05:29,273
WE DID NOT HURT THE DEAD--
ONLY LET THEM LIE.
1043
01:05:35,706 --> 01:05:39,940
ONLY THREE NEZ PERCE WARRIORS
HAD BEEN WOUNDED IN THE BATTLE,
1044
01:05:39,973 --> 01:05:42,839
BUT PERRY HAD LOST
1/3 OF HIS COMMAND
1045
01:05:42,873 --> 01:05:45,839
AND BEEN DRIVEN FROM THE FIELD.
1046
01:05:45,873 --> 01:05:47,773
"I HAVE BEEN
IN LOTS OF SCRAPES,"
1047
01:05:47,806 --> 01:05:49,473
ONE ARMY SCOUT REMEMBERED,
1048
01:05:49,507 --> 01:05:53,006
"BUT I NEVER WENT UP AGAINST
ANYTHING LIKE THE NEZ PERCE
1049
01:05:53,040 --> 01:05:54,507
IN ALL MY LIFE."
1050
01:05:57,407 --> 01:06:00,806
NEWS OF THE STUNNING DEFEAT
AT WHITE BIRD CANYON,
1051
01:06:00,839 --> 01:06:04,473
ALMOST ONE YEAR AFTER CUSTER'S
DEATH AT THE LITTLE BIG HORN,
1052
01:06:04,507 --> 01:06:06,507
SHOCKED THE COUNTRY.
1053
01:06:06,540 --> 01:06:08,773
HOWARD CALLED
FOR MORE TROOPS.
1054
01:06:12,739 --> 01:06:14,240
FOR THE NEXT THREE MONTHS,
1055
01:06:14,273 --> 01:06:17,839
SEEKING SOME PLACE
WHERE THE SOLDIERS
WOULD NOT FOLLOW,
1056
01:06:17,873 --> 01:06:20,839
THE NEZ PERCE WOULD LEAD
THE UNITED STATES ARMY
1057
01:06:20,873 --> 01:06:25,540
ON ONE OF THE MOST REMARKABLE
PURSUITS IN MILITARY HISTORY.
1058
01:06:25,574 --> 01:06:30,106
ON JULY 3, THE NEZ PERCE
WIPED OUT AN ARMY SCOUTING PARTY
1059
01:06:30,140 --> 01:06:33,706
OF 13 MEN
THAT GOT TOO CLOSE.
1060
01:06:33,739 --> 01:06:36,106
ON INDEPENDENCE DAY,
THEY FOUGHT OFF AN ATTACK
1061
01:06:36,140 --> 01:06:39,607
AT AN OLD STAGE STOP
CALLED COTTONWOOD.
1062
01:06:39,640 --> 01:06:41,773
A WEEK LATER
ON THE CLEARWATER RIVER,
1063
01:06:41,806 --> 01:06:44,307
THEY KILLED 13 MORE
OF HOWARD'S MEN
1064
01:06:44,340 --> 01:06:47,106
WHO SOUGHT
TO STOP THEM.
1065
01:06:47,140 --> 01:06:50,473
THEN THEY BEGAN CLIMBING
THE BITTERROOT MOUNTAINS
1066
01:06:50,507 --> 01:06:53,440
LED BY A WAR CHIEF
NAMED LOOKING GLASS,
1067
01:06:53,473 --> 01:06:54,839
FOLLOWING THE SAME TRAIL
1068
01:06:54,873 --> 01:06:56,839
THAT HAD BROUGHT
LEWIS AND CLARK TO THEM
1069
01:06:56,873 --> 01:06:59,273
3/4 OF A CENTURY EARLIER.
1070
01:07:02,173 --> 01:07:06,739
THERE WERE ABOUT 700 OF THEM,
ONLY 200 WARRIORS--
1071
01:07:06,773 --> 01:07:09,839
THE REST WOMEN, CHILDREN,
AND OLD PEOPLE,
1072
01:07:09,873 --> 01:07:12,640
ALL IN JOSEPH'S CARE.
1073
01:07:12,674 --> 01:07:14,806
STILL, THEY MOVED QUICKLY,
1074
01:07:14,839 --> 01:07:17,240
BELIEVING THAT IF THEY
COULD MAKE IT TO MONTANA
1075
01:07:17,273 --> 01:07:21,373
AND JOIN THEIR ALLIES THE CROW,
THEY WOULD BE SAFE.
1076
01:07:23,739 --> 01:07:25,574
WHEN THEY REACHED MONTANA,
1077
01:07:25,607 --> 01:07:29,307
THE NEZ PERCE TURNED SOUTH
ALONG THE BITTERROOT RIVER,
1078
01:07:29,340 --> 01:07:34,173
PAYING FOR FOOD AND SUPPLIES
FROM WHITE SETTLERS.
1079
01:07:34,207 --> 01:07:35,906
BUT THE FRIGHTENED
TOWNSPEOPLE
1080
01:07:35,940 --> 01:07:39,873
OF MISSOULA, BUTTE, BANNOCK,
AND VIRGINIA CITY
1081
01:07:39,906 --> 01:07:42,240
DEMANDED ARMY PROTECTION.
1082
01:07:46,240 --> 01:07:49,140
ON AN ELEVATED PLATEAU
SURROUNDED BY MOUNTAINS
1083
01:07:49,173 --> 01:07:50,906
CALLED THE BIG HOLE,
1084
01:07:50,940 --> 01:07:53,140
LOOKING GLASS
CONVINCED THE WEARY INDIANS
1085
01:07:53,173 --> 01:07:56,140
THEY COULD REST
FOR SEVERAL DAYS.
1086
01:07:56,173 --> 01:07:57,307
HOWARD, HE SAID,
1087
01:07:57,340 --> 01:07:59,706
WAS TOO FAR BEHIND THEM
TO WORRY ABOUT.
1088
01:08:04,706 --> 01:08:06,240
BUT COLONEL JOHN GIBBON
1089
01:08:06,273 --> 01:08:10,273
HAD ASSEMBLED ALL THE AVAILABLE
SOLDIERS IN WESTERN MONTANA
1090
01:08:10,307 --> 01:08:12,607
AND, WITH THE HELP
OF BANNOCK SCOUTS,
1091
01:08:12,640 --> 01:08:16,240
TRACKED THE UNSUSPECTING
NEZ PERCE TO THE BIG HOLE.
1092
01:08:20,407 --> 01:08:22,307
THE TRAIL LED US
ALONG THE BLUFFS
1093
01:08:22,340 --> 01:08:25,473
OVERLOOKING
THE BRUSH-COVERED VALLEY,
1094
01:08:25,507 --> 01:08:27,839
AND AS WE MOVED
STEALTHILY FORWARD,
1095
01:08:27,873 --> 01:08:30,839
I COULD HEAR
A CAUTIOUS WHISPER--
1096
01:08:30,873 --> 01:08:34,640
"THERE THEY ARE. LOOK!"
1097
01:08:34,674 --> 01:08:36,407
AND THE MAIN CAMP
OF OUR ENEMIES
1098
01:08:36,440 --> 01:08:40,973
WAS AS PLAINLY IN SIGHT
AS THE DIM STARLIGHT PERMITTED.
1099
01:08:41,006 --> 01:08:42,674
COLONEL JOHN GIBBON.
1100
01:08:44,773 --> 01:08:47,173
THE TROOPS ATTACKED AT DAWN.
1101
01:08:48,940 --> 01:08:50,407
IN THE FIRST MOMENTS,
1102
01:08:50,440 --> 01:08:54,307
BETWEEN 60 AND 90 NEZ PERCE
WERE CUT DOWN--
1103
01:08:54,340 --> 01:08:55,440
MANY OF THEM DEAD
1104
01:08:55,473 --> 01:08:58,173
BEFORE THEY COULD KICK FREE
OF THEIR BLANKETS.
1105
01:09:00,273 --> 01:09:02,873
BUT THE SURVIVORS REGROUPED,
1106
01:09:02,906 --> 01:09:06,873
WOMEN AND CHILDREN AND OLD MEN
FIGHTING ALONGSIDE THE WARRIORS
1107
01:09:06,906 --> 01:09:10,674
WITH SUCH FURY THAT THEY DROVE
THE SOLDIERS FROM THE CAMP.
1108
01:09:17,207 --> 01:09:18,906
FEW OF US WILL SOON FORGET
1109
01:09:18,940 --> 01:09:22,674
THE WAIL OF MINGLED
GRIEF, RAGE, AND HORROR
1110
01:09:22,706 --> 01:09:26,706
WHICH CAME FROM THE CAMP
400 OR 500 YARDS FROM US
1111
01:09:26,739 --> 01:09:28,407
WHEN THE INDIANS
RETURNED TO IT
1112
01:09:28,440 --> 01:09:34,040
AND RECOGNIZED THEIR SLAUGHTERED
WARRIORS, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN.
1113
01:09:34,073 --> 01:09:36,073
ABOVE THIS WAIL OF HORROR,
1114
01:09:36,106 --> 01:09:38,640
WE COULD HEAR THE PASSIONATE
APPEAL OF THE LEADERS
1115
01:09:38,674 --> 01:09:41,106
URGING THEIR FOLLOWERS
TO FIGHT
1116
01:09:41,140 --> 01:09:45,507
AND THE WAR WHOOPS IN ANSWER
WHICH BODED US NO GOOD.
1117
01:09:50,407 --> 01:09:51,906
THE ENRAGED WARRIORS
1118
01:09:51,940 --> 01:09:55,073
PINNED GIBBON'S MEN DOWN
WITH THEIR FIRE
1119
01:09:55,106 --> 01:09:58,207
WHILE JOSEPH LED THE OTHERS
AWAY FROM THE FIGHTING.
1120
01:10:05,540 --> 01:10:09,473
THE NEZ PERCE SLIPPED
BACK INTO IDAHO,
1121
01:10:09,507 --> 01:10:13,273
THEN TURNED EAST AGAIN
TOWARD THE YELLOWSTONE PLATEAU,
1122
01:10:13,307 --> 01:10:16,940
WHICH HAD RECENTLY BEEN
SET ASIDE AS A NATIONAL PARK.
1123
01:10:21,973 --> 01:10:24,407
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN HIMSELF
1124
01:10:24,440 --> 01:10:27,473
HAD ASSURED VISITORS
THERE WAS NO DANGER.
1125
01:10:27,507 --> 01:10:30,240
INDIANS, HE SAID,
WERE TOO SUPERSTITIOUS
1126
01:10:30,273 --> 01:10:33,407
TO VENTURE NEAR THE GEYSERS.
1127
01:10:33,440 --> 01:10:36,540
BUT THE NEZ PERCE SWEPT
RIGHT INTO THE PARK.
1128
01:10:38,507 --> 01:10:42,040
THEY CAPTURED MORE THAN A DOZEN
HORRIFIED TOURISTS
1129
01:10:42,073 --> 01:10:43,407
AND KILLED TWO OF THEM
1130
01:10:43,440 --> 01:10:45,340
BEFORE THE CHIEFS
TOLD THE WARRIORS
1131
01:10:45,373 --> 01:10:46,973
TO LET THE OTHERS GO.
1132
01:10:49,173 --> 01:10:53,207
THE INDIANS MOVED ON,
STILL HOPING TO JOIN FORCES
1133
01:10:53,240 --> 01:10:56,173
WITH THEIR LONGTIME FRIENDS
THE CROW
1134
01:10:56,207 --> 01:11:00,140
AND TO FIND A COUNTRY SOMEWHERE
FREE OF WHITES.
1135
01:11:03,207 --> 01:11:06,040
BUT THE CROW
WERE NOW PURSUING THEM
1136
01:11:06,073 --> 01:11:08,073
ON BEHALF OF THE ARMY,
1137
01:11:08,106 --> 01:11:13,207
STEALING HORSES,
KILLING STRAGGLERS.
1138
01:11:13,240 --> 01:11:16,640
MANY SNOWS THE CROWS
HAVE BEEN OUR FRIENDS,
1139
01:11:16,674 --> 01:11:19,640
BUT NOW TURNED ENEMIES.
1140
01:11:19,674 --> 01:11:20,839
I DO NOT UNDERSTAND
1141
01:11:20,873 --> 01:11:25,106
HOW THE CROWS COULD THINK
TO HELP THE SOLDIERS.
1142
01:11:25,140 --> 01:11:27,173
MY HEART WAS JUST LIKE FIRE.
1143
01:11:29,674 --> 01:11:32,307
THE NEZ PERCE WERE ALONE.
1144
01:11:32,340 --> 01:11:35,674
THE WEST THEY HAD ONCE KNOWN
HAD VANISHED.
1145
01:11:38,340 --> 01:11:42,973
NOW THEY FASTENED ON
ONE LAST CHANCE FOR ESCAPE.
1146
01:11:43,006 --> 01:11:47,307
THE LAKOTA CHIEF SITTING BULL
HAD FOUND SAFETY IN CANADA.
1147
01:11:47,340 --> 01:11:50,307
THEY WOULD HEAD NORTH
ACROSS MONTANA TO JOIN HIM.
1148
01:11:54,507 --> 01:11:56,973
THEY CROSSED
THE YELLOWSTONE RIVER,
1149
01:11:57,006 --> 01:11:58,806
THEN THE MUSSELSHELL,
1150
01:11:58,839 --> 01:12:02,473
AND FINALLY, IN LATE SEPTEMBER,
THE MISSOURI.
1151
01:12:02,507 --> 01:12:05,674
THEY HAD COME
MORE THAN 1,500 MILES,
1152
01:12:05,706 --> 01:12:07,407
FOUGHT IN 17 ENGAGEMENTS
1153
01:12:07,440 --> 01:12:11,273
AGAINST MORE THAN 2,000 SOLDIERS
AND INDIAN SCOUTS,
1154
01:12:11,307 --> 01:12:13,806
SUFFERED HARDSHIPS,
DISAPPOINTMENTS,
1155
01:12:13,839 --> 01:12:17,073
AND THE LOSS OF LOVED ONES.
1156
01:12:17,106 --> 01:12:22,006
BUT THEY HAD BEATEN OR ELUDED
EVERY ARMY SENT AGAINST THEM.
1157
01:12:22,040 --> 01:12:26,040
"THE WHOLE NEZ PERCE MOVEMENT,"
ONE U.S. ARMY OFFICER MARVELED,
1158
01:12:26,073 --> 01:12:29,273
"IS UNEQUALED IN THE HISTORY
OF INDIAN WARFARE."
1159
01:12:31,473 --> 01:12:36,373
NOW CANADA--AND FREEDOM--
WERE ONLY 40 MILES AWAY.
1160
01:12:42,940 --> 01:12:44,706
BEFORE CROSSING THE BORDER,
1161
01:12:44,739 --> 01:12:47,674
THE NEZ PERCE STOPPED
TO CAMP ON SNAKE CREEK,
1162
01:12:47,706 --> 01:12:50,407
NEAR THE BEAR PAW MOUNTAINS.
1163
01:12:50,440 --> 01:12:51,706
GENERAL HOWARD, THEY KNEW,
1164
01:12:51,739 --> 01:12:55,407
WAS MORE THAN TWO DAYS'
MARCH BEHIND THEM.
1165
01:12:55,440 --> 01:12:58,739
BUT UNKNOWN TO THEM,
COLONEL NELSON A. MILES
1166
01:12:58,773 --> 01:13:01,906
HAD MERCILESSLY PUSHED
HIS OWN FIFTH INFANTRY
1167
01:13:01,940 --> 01:13:05,106
AND CUSTER'S OLD COMMAND,
THE SEVENTH CAVALRY,
1168
01:13:05,140 --> 01:13:09,140
ALL THE WAY FROM EASTERN MONTANA
TO INTERCEPT THE NEZ PERCE.
1169
01:13:11,073 --> 01:13:14,739
WITH HIM RODE LAKOTA
AND CHEYENNE WARRIORS,
1170
01:13:14,773 --> 01:13:17,607
WHO JUST A YEAR BEFORE
HAD DEFEATED THE SEVENTH
1171
01:13:17,640 --> 01:13:19,173
AT THE LITTLE BIG HORN.
1172
01:13:26,806 --> 01:13:31,106
THE NEZ PERCE WERE QUIETLY
SLUMBERING IN THEIR TENTS.
1173
01:13:31,140 --> 01:13:32,574
WHEN THE CHARGE WAS MADE,
1174
01:13:32,607 --> 01:13:35,574
THE TRAMP OF AT LEAST 600 HORSES
OVER THE PRAIRIE
1175
01:13:35,607 --> 01:13:38,273
FAIRLY SHOOK THE GROUND,
1176
01:13:38,307 --> 01:13:42,006
AND ALTHOUGH A COMPLETE SURPRISE
TO THE INDIANS IN THE MAIN,
1177
01:13:42,040 --> 01:13:44,739
IT MUST HAVE GIVEN THEM
A FEW MINUTES' NOTICE,
1178
01:13:44,773 --> 01:13:47,473
FOR AS THE TROOPS
CHARGED AGAINST THE VILLAGE,
1179
01:13:47,507 --> 01:13:51,373
THE INDIANS OPENED
A HOT FIRE UPON THEM.
1180
01:13:51,407 --> 01:13:53,473
COLONEL NELSON A. MILES.
1181
01:13:59,640 --> 01:14:03,473
NEZ PERCE WARRIORS
DROVE OFF ONE ATTACK,
1182
01:14:03,507 --> 01:14:07,073
THEN A SECOND AND A THIRD.
1183
01:14:09,207 --> 01:14:12,440
THEY KILLED OR WOUNDED
53 OF THE SOLDIERS...
1184
01:14:15,207 --> 01:14:18,739
BUT ALL THEIR HORSES
HAD BEEN DRIVEN OFF.
1185
01:14:18,773 --> 01:14:20,440
THEY COULD NOT ESCAPE.
1186
01:14:24,273 --> 01:14:28,006
MILES DUG IN FOR A SIEGE.
1187
01:14:28,040 --> 01:14:30,173
THE WEATHER TURNED COLDER.
1188
01:14:32,006 --> 01:14:35,040
MOST OF OUR FEW WARRIORS
LEFT FROM THE BIG HOLE
1189
01:14:35,073 --> 01:14:38,040
HAD BEEN SWEPT AS LEAVES
BEFORE THE STORM.
1190
01:14:41,340 --> 01:14:43,773
A YOUNG WARRIOR, WOUNDED,
1191
01:14:43,806 --> 01:14:48,106
LAY ON A BUFFALO ROBE,
DYING WITHOUT COMPLAINT.
1192
01:14:48,140 --> 01:14:52,040
CHILDREN CRYING WITH COLD.
NO FIRE.
1193
01:14:52,073 --> 01:14:54,440
THERE COULD BE NO LIGHT.
1194
01:14:54,473 --> 01:14:58,773
EVERYWHERE THE CRYING,
THE DEATH WAIL.
1195
01:14:58,806 --> 01:15:01,273
I FELT THE COMING END.
1196
01:15:01,307 --> 01:15:05,173
ALL FOR WHICH
WE HAD SUFFERED--LOST!
1197
01:15:05,207 --> 01:15:08,806
THOUGHTS CAME OF THE WALLOWA
WHERE I GREW UP,
1198
01:15:08,839 --> 01:15:13,540
OF MY OWN COUNTRY
WHEN ONLY INDIANS WERE THERE,
1199
01:15:13,574 --> 01:15:16,806
OF TEEPEES ALONG
THE BENDING RIVER,
1200
01:15:16,839 --> 01:15:19,173
OF THE BLUE, CLEAR LAKE,
1201
01:15:19,207 --> 01:15:23,839
WIDE MEADOWS WITH HORSE
AND CATTLE HERDS.
1202
01:15:23,873 --> 01:15:28,739
FROM THE MOUNTAIN FOREST,
VOICES SEEMED CALLING.
1203
01:15:28,773 --> 01:15:33,407
I FELT AS DREAMING--
NOT MY LIVING SELF.
1204
01:15:39,940 --> 01:15:43,006
FOR FIVE MORE DAYS,
THE SIEGE WENT ON.
1205
01:15:45,340 --> 01:15:48,240
A FEW NEZ PERCE
SLIPPED BEHIND THE LINES
1206
01:15:48,273 --> 01:15:50,607
AND STRAGGLED INTO CANADA.
1207
01:15:50,640 --> 01:15:52,473
SITTING BULL WELCOMED THEM
1208
01:15:52,507 --> 01:15:57,440
BUT WOULD SEND NO FORCE
TO RESCUE THE OTHERS.
1209
01:15:57,473 --> 01:16:01,373
UNDER A WHITE FLAG,
MILES OPENED NEGOTIATIONS.
1210
01:16:01,407 --> 01:16:04,473
JOSEPH WAS SELECTED
TO TALK WITH HIM.
1211
01:16:04,507 --> 01:16:07,140
TURN OVER YOUR RIFLES,
MILES SAID,
1212
01:16:07,173 --> 01:16:12,706
AND IN THE SPRING, YOU WILL BE
ALLOWED TO RETURN HOME.
1213
01:16:12,739 --> 01:16:16,207
MY PEOPLE WERE DIVIDED
ABOUT SURRENDERING,
1214
01:16:16,240 --> 01:16:19,473
BUT I COULD NOT BEAR TO SEE
MY WOUNDED MEN AND WOMEN
1215
01:16:19,507 --> 01:16:21,674
SUFFER ANY LONGER.
1216
01:16:21,706 --> 01:16:24,207
WE HAD LOST ENOUGH ALREADY.
1217
01:16:24,240 --> 01:16:25,607
COLONEL MILES PROMISED
1218
01:16:25,640 --> 01:16:28,006
THAT WE MIGHT RETURN
TO OUR OWN COUNTRY
1219
01:16:28,040 --> 01:16:30,773
WITH WHAT STOCK
WE HAD LEFT.
1220
01:16:30,806 --> 01:16:33,473
I THOUGHT WE COULD
START AGAIN.
1221
01:16:33,507 --> 01:16:35,839
I BELIEVED COLONEL MILES,
1222
01:16:35,873 --> 01:16:37,940
OR I NEVER
WOULD HAVE SURRENDERED.
1223
01:16:40,940 --> 01:16:44,839
ON THE AFTERNOON
OF OCTOBER 5, 1877,
1224
01:16:44,873 --> 01:16:48,873
JOSEPH RODE OUT TO THE FOOT
OF A BLUFF ON THE PRAIRIE.
1225
01:16:48,906 --> 01:16:53,473
COLONEL MILES AND GENERAL HOWARD
WERE WAITING FOR HIM.
1226
01:16:53,507 --> 01:16:56,607
JOSEPH THREW HIMSELF
OFF HIS HORSE,
1227
01:16:56,640 --> 01:16:58,507
DRAPED HIS BLANKET ABOUT HIM,
1228
01:16:58,540 --> 01:17:02,640
AND WITH A QUIET PRIDE,
NOT EXACTLY DEFIANCE,
1229
01:17:02,674 --> 01:17:05,540
ADVANCED TOWARD GENERAL HOWARD
1230
01:17:05,574 --> 01:17:10,106
AND HELD OUT HIS RIFLE
IN TOKEN OF SUBMISSION.
1231
01:17:10,140 --> 01:17:12,574
LIEUTENANT CHARLES
ERSKINE WOOD.
1232
01:17:14,773 --> 01:17:17,473
I AM TIRED OF FIGHTING.
1233
01:17:17,507 --> 01:17:21,940
OUR CHIEFS ARE ALL KILLED.
LOOKING GLASS IS DEAD.
1234
01:17:21,973 --> 01:17:24,674
THE OLD MEN ARE ALL DEAD.
1235
01:17:24,706 --> 01:17:28,073
IT IS COLD,
AND WE HAVE NO BLANKETS.
1236
01:17:28,106 --> 01:17:30,340
THE LITTLE CHILDREN
ARE FREEZING TO DEATH.
1237
01:17:33,340 --> 01:17:37,540
MY PEOPLE, SOME OF THEM,
HAVE RUN AWAY TO THE HILLS
1238
01:17:37,574 --> 01:17:38,973
AND HAVE NO FOOD.
1239
01:17:39,006 --> 01:17:41,839
NO ONE KNOWS WHERE THEY ARE.
1240
01:17:41,873 --> 01:17:44,674
I WANT TO HAVE TIME
TO LOOK FOR MY CHILDREN
1241
01:17:44,706 --> 01:17:47,906
AND SEE HOW MANY OF THEM
I CAN FIND.
1242
01:17:47,940 --> 01:17:52,540
MAYBE I SHALL FIND THEM
AMONG THE DEAD.
1243
01:17:52,574 --> 01:17:56,440
HEAR ME, MY CHIEFS.
I AM TIRED.
1244
01:17:56,473 --> 01:18:00,006
MY HEART IS SICK AND SAD.
1245
01:18:00,040 --> 01:18:05,773
FROM WHERE THE SUN NOW STANDS,
I WILL FIGHT NO MORE FOREVER.
1246
01:18:23,407 --> 01:18:26,473
JOSEPH AND HIS PEOPLE
WERE LOADED ONTO A RIVERBOAT
1247
01:18:26,507 --> 01:18:28,507
AND SENT DOWN
THE MISSOURI RIVER
1248
01:18:28,540 --> 01:18:32,006
TOWARD FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN
IN DAKOTA TERRITORY,
1249
01:18:32,040 --> 01:18:35,973
WHERE THEY EXPECTED
TO SPEND THE WINTER.
1250
01:18:36,006 --> 01:18:39,873
BUT WHILE THEY WERE ON THE WAY,
MILES' AND HOWARD'S PROMISE
1251
01:18:39,906 --> 01:18:42,207
THAT THEY WOULD BE ALLOWED
TO RETURN HOME
1252
01:18:42,240 --> 01:18:44,706
HAD BEEN OVERRULED
BY GENERAL SHERMAN.
1253
01:18:47,507 --> 01:18:50,440
THE INDIANS THROUGHOUT
DISPLAYED A COURAGE AND SKILL
1254
01:18:50,473 --> 01:18:54,507
THAT ELICITED
UNIVERSAL PRAISE.
1255
01:18:54,540 --> 01:18:58,540
THEY ABSTAINED FROM SCALPING,
LET CAPTIVE WOMEN GO FREE,
1256
01:18:58,574 --> 01:19:02,607
DID NOT COMMIT INDISCRIMINATE
MURDER OF PEACEFUL FAMILIES,
1257
01:19:02,640 --> 01:19:04,173
WHICH IS USUAL,
1258
01:19:04,207 --> 01:19:07,873
AND FOUGHT WITH ALMOST
SCIENTIFIC SKILL.
1259
01:19:07,906 --> 01:19:10,839
NEVERTHELESS,
THEY WOULD NOT SETTLE DOWN
1260
01:19:10,873 --> 01:19:13,240
ON LANDS SET APART
FOR THEM,
1261
01:19:13,273 --> 01:19:15,407
AND WHEN COMMANDED
BY PROPER AUTHORITY,
1262
01:19:15,440 --> 01:19:18,540
THEY BEGAN RESISTANCE
BY MURDERING PERSONS
1263
01:19:18,574 --> 01:19:23,340
IN NO MANNER CONNECTED
WITH THEIR ALLEGED GRIEVANCES.
1264
01:19:23,373 --> 01:19:28,340
THEY SHOULD NEVER AGAIN
BE ALLOWED TO RETURN TO OREGON.
1265
01:19:28,373 --> 01:19:32,373
GENERAL WILLIAM
TECUMSEH SHERMAN.
1266
01:19:32,407 --> 01:19:37,307
MILES AND HOWARD COULD NOT
CHANGE SHERMAN'S DECISION.
1267
01:19:37,340 --> 01:19:41,473
THE NEZ PERCE HAD BEEN
BETRAYED AGAIN.
1268
01:19:44,073 --> 01:19:46,273
WHEN THE INDIANS
ARRIVED AT THE FORT,
1269
01:19:46,307 --> 01:19:48,373
ITS CANNON GREETED THEM,
1270
01:19:48,407 --> 01:19:51,373
AND THE STEAM ENGINE
OF THE NORTHERN PACIFIC TRAIN
1271
01:19:51,407 --> 01:19:53,973
BLASTED ITS WHISTLE
THREE TIMES.
1272
01:19:58,073 --> 01:20:00,607
THEY HAD NEVER
SEEN A TRAIN BEFORE,
1273
01:20:00,640 --> 01:20:04,640
AND THE NEZ PERCE
BEGAN A MOURNFUL SONG.
1274
01:20:04,674 --> 01:20:09,839
IT SOUNDED, ONE ONLOOKER SAID,
LIKE A DEATH CHANT.
1275
01:20:09,873 --> 01:20:15,373
THEN, JOSEPH AND HIS PEOPLE
WERE LOADED ONTO THE TRAIN.
1276
01:20:15,407 --> 01:20:16,873
THEY WERE NOT GOING HOME,
1277
01:20:16,906 --> 01:20:20,006
THEY WERE NOW TOLD,
BUT FAR AWAY,
1278
01:20:20,040 --> 01:20:24,273
INTO EXILE IN THE NORTHEASTERN
CORNER OF INDIAN TERRITORY
1279
01:20:24,307 --> 01:20:26,473
IN WHAT IS NOW OKLAHOMA--
1280
01:20:26,507 --> 01:20:30,340
NEARLY 2,000 MILES FROM THEIR
BELOVED WALLOWA VALLEY.
1281
01:20:39,006 --> 01:20:43,040
ONCE THERE, THEY FOUND
CONDITIONS UNSANITARY,
1282
01:20:43,073 --> 01:20:45,674
MEDICINE SCARCE.
1283
01:20:45,706 --> 01:20:50,006
68 OF THEM PERISHED
IN THE FIRST YEAR ALONE.
1284
01:20:50,040 --> 01:20:54,373
SOON, THEY HAD A CEMETERY
SET ASIDE SOLELY FOR BABIES
1285
01:20:54,407 --> 01:20:56,373
WITH 100 GRAVES.
1286
01:21:06,106 --> 01:21:08,207
AMONG THE NEZ PERCE WHO DIED
1287
01:21:08,240 --> 01:21:13,407
WAS AN OLD MAN NAMED
HALAHTOOKIT, OR DAYTIME SMOKE.
1288
01:21:13,440 --> 01:21:15,307
ACCORDING
TO JOSEPH'S PEOPLE,
1289
01:21:15,340 --> 01:21:18,407
HE WAS THE HALF-INDIAN SON
OF WILLIAM CLARK,
1290
01:21:18,440 --> 01:21:21,307
THE AMERICAN EXPLORER
THE NEZ PERCE HAD SHELTERED
1291
01:21:21,340 --> 01:21:24,739
MORE THAN 70 YEARS EARLIER,
1292
01:21:24,773 --> 01:21:26,806
THE MAN WHO HAD
FIRST PROMISED
1293
01:21:26,839 --> 01:21:30,640
THAT THE UNITED STATES
WOULD ALWAYS BE THEIR FRIEND.
1294
01:21:35,640 --> 01:21:39,106
GOOD WORDS DO NOT LAST LONG.
1295
01:21:39,140 --> 01:21:41,973
GOOD WORDS DO NOT PAY
FOR MY DEAD PEOPLE.
1296
01:21:45,040 --> 01:21:49,873
THEY DO NOT PAY FOR MY COUNTRY,
NOW OVERRUN BY WHITE MEN.
1297
01:21:53,207 --> 01:21:56,040
GOOD WORDS WILL NOT
GET MY PEOPLE A HOME
1298
01:21:56,073 --> 01:21:59,773
WHERE THEY CAN LIVE IN PEACE
AND TAKE CARE OF THEMSELVES.
1299
01:22:03,073 --> 01:22:06,507
I AM TIRED OF TALK
THAT COMES TO NOTHING.
1300
01:22:06,540 --> 01:22:08,173
IT MAKES MY HEART SICK
1301
01:22:08,207 --> 01:22:10,307
WHEN I REMEMBER
ALL THE GOOD WORDS
1302
01:22:10,340 --> 01:22:12,006
AND BROKEN PROMISES.
1303
01:22:15,173 --> 01:22:18,073
YOU MIGHT AS WELL EXPECT
THE RIVERS TO RUN BACKWARD
1304
01:22:18,106 --> 01:22:21,440
AS THAT ANY MAN
WHO WAS BORN A FREE MAN
1305
01:22:21,473 --> 01:22:23,739
SHOULD BE CONTENTED
WHEN PENNED UP
1306
01:22:23,773 --> 01:22:28,273
AND DENIED LIBERTY
TO GO WHERE HE PLEASES.
1307
01:22:28,307 --> 01:22:29,607
CHIEF JOSEPH.
101723
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