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(record scratching)
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Downloaded from
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("The Platters" by The Great Pretender)
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Official YIFY movies site:
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♫ Oh yes, I'm the great pretender ♫
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- He was just dad.
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In a way, he's always been just my father.
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- [Voiceover] "Dad" was
Harold Adrian Russel Philby,
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better known to the world as Kim,
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an Englishman who spied
for the Soviet Union.
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- I remember him as clear as day
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just with his sort of
stuttering and wah wah wah,
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you know sort of real English,
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you know sort of Oxford,
Cambridge type, you know?
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- He had everything really going for him.
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It was a shame that he did what he did,
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but there it was.
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♫ I play the game
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♫ But to my real shame ♫
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- The last time I spoke to that Communist,
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knowing him to be a Communist
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was sometime in 1934.
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- [Voiceover] It was a lie.
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On a stormy night in Beirut,
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a double life that had
lasted 30 years ended
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when he defected to Russia.
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- He was one of the worst
traitors in history.
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- [Voiceover] For the rest of his life,
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he lived among a people
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whose language he never mastered
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while his countrymen counted the cost
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of trusting him with their secrets.
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- It infected the whole British
intelligence establishment
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with a paranoia.
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I mean, if Philby, good
old Philby, good old Kim
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could have been a spy,
any of us could have been.
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- [Voiceover] Scores of
books have been written about
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what Philby did, but the
man inside remains elusive.
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- He was just like two different
people really in one body.
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It was strange.
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♫ Oh yes, I'm the great pretender ♫
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- [Voiceover] For the investigative
writer Phillip Knightley
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Philby's defection was the
start of a long pursuit.
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These are the Philby letters, are they?
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- These are the Philby letters.
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- [Voiceover] How many were there roughly?
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How many years did you
say you talked to him?
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- 20 years, yes.
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Your letter from India
took six weeks to reach me,
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so the chance of a casual drink
presented itself too late.
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However, if you're still interested,
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I think there's a fair
possibility of us getting together
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for a real talk in the
not too distant future.
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That's how it all started.
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- [Voiceover] Knightley
took up Philby's invitation
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to meet him.
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A room had been reserved
for him by the KGB.
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(phone rings)
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- Then the phone rang, and
a voice said, "Knightley?"
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And I said yes.
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He said, "Philby here."
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I could hardly believe it.
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He said, "Do you want to
start work straight away,
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and come around for a drink
or we'll meet tomorrow?"
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And I said, "Straight away,
Mr. Philby, straight away."
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He said, "A neighbor of
mine will pick you up."
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Well the neighbor turned
out to be his KGB minder,
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his KGB gopher, and he drove me
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to a small block of
flats in a nice garden,
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and we went up the lift to Philby's door.
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And the door opened, and there was Philby.
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A smaller, less impressive
figure than I'd thought
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because slightly stooped, carpet slippers,
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looking very much at home.
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An Englishman receiving a visitor
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in his drawing room.
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(opera singing)
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- [Voiceover] Philby's
journey to that flat in Moscow
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had started here in Cambridge.
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The contrast between the
gilded lives around him
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and the harsh world outside
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drove him towards left-wing politics.
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The great fear then was the
rise fascists all over Europe.
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The question was what
could people like him
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do about it?
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- He was very lucky in that
his father, St. John Philby,
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gave him 50 pounds, which in those days,
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was quite a lot of money,
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and he immediately with that money,
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bought himself a motorcycle,
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and took a train all the way to Vienna.
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- [Voiceover] He got there
just in time to witness
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the brutal suppression of local Socialists
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by the Austrian fascists.
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(cannons firing)
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- The Nazis had just
re-introduced beheading
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of political offences,
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and they carted one political dissident
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to the gallows on a chair
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because he'd already been wounded.
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These sort of things for a young man
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has a very powerful impression.
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- [Voiceover] And so did this woman,
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Alice, or Litzi, Friedman.
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She was a young, worldly-wise divorcee
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who was fighting fascism on the ground.
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Philby fell in love almost
as soon as he met her.
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He gave her his volume of Shelley's poems,
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and in return got a
lesson in the realities
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of an unprivileged life.
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- She really took him in hand.
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She was two years older than he was,
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and they went eventually and
lived in a very small flat
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practically no money, but they worked hard
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to protect the working class
against this right wing coup.
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- [Voiceover] After Philby defected,
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Patrick Seale wrote a book about him.
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Evidence of his early political views
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wasn't hard to find.
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- Oh God.
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This is the fruit of the
research into that book,
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and it's a mass of stuff in there.
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It is many years since
I've looked in here.
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A colossal amount of stuff here.
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- [Voiceover] One source was a journalist
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called Eric Gedye who met
the young Philby frequently
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during those hectic weeks.
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- Kim came to see him, and was desperate,
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I think, for suits to take
to the poor and socialists
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who were running for their lives.
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Gedye was alarmed by
what was happening there,
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and the fact that the working class
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had been absolutely sort of savagely
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contained and crushed by the fascists.
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- [Voiceover] After a short
and passionate affair,
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Kim married Litzi.
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- [Patrick] Harold Adrian Russell Philby
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married to Alice, Litzi,
Friedman, Mosaich, Jew.
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- [Voiceover] To escape the Nazis,
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the newlyweds came to London.
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Here in Regents Park,
Philby had the meeting
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that would change his life.
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A friend of Litzi's, another
Austrian Jew called Edith,
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had brought him to here to meet
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a resident Soviet agent code named Otto.
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Otto's advice was not what he expected.
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"Don't join the Communist Party," he said,
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"Create a cover story for yourself,
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and get inside Britain's
ruling establishment."
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- They advised him very
strongly to give up Communism,
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go give up left-wing views,
and pretend to be a rightist,
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which he did of course.
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He even went and made friends
with the German embassy
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and broke completely with
all his left-wing friends.
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- [Voiceover] His great love
became the collateral cost
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of his new mission.
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He didn't actually divorce
her until after the war.
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By then, he had three children
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by a respectable English woman
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called Aileen Furze and
was safely installed
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at the heart of British intelligence.
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- Nobody seemed interested in the fact
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that he was once married to a Communist,
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had a background and belief in Communism,
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been active in left-wing
politics in university.
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It was just glossed over.
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- There was something about Philby
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which inspired confidence.
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He seemed like an archetypal
honest Englishman.
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- [Voiceover] Four
other Cambridge students
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with impeccable backgrounds started spying
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for the Soviets at the same time.
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Two of them, Guy Burgess
and Donald Maclean,
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were good friends of Philby's.
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Guided by the KGB, they
all worked their way
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into government jobs, passing
so many wartime secrets
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to Moscow that the Russians
could scarcely believe
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they were genuine.
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But the end of the war plunged them
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into a dangerous new world.
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(upbeat jazz music)
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In 1949, Philby had been
sent by MI6 to Washington.
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His job was the top
secret point of liaison
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00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:14,470
between British and American intelligence.
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00:10:14,470 --> 00:10:16,810
It was a big step up.
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People even spoke of him
becoming the next head of MI6.
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The only cloud on his sunny horizon
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was his friend Guy Burgess,
whom he'd rather incautiously
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invited to stay.
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Burgess, homosexual and louche,
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scandalized the locals.
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And there was worse to come.
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- [Voiceover] This is
the BBC Home Service,
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and here is the news.
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The Foreign Secretary made
his expected statement
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in Parliament today
about the disappearance
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of the two Foreign Office officials,
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Mr. Maclean and Mr. Burgess.
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- [Voiceover] No longer was
uncle Joe an ally of the west.
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To spy for the Communists
was the worst of sins.
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In the anonymous buildings hear Parliament
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where MI6 was housed,
there was consternation.
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Unknown to the public, Maclean
was about to be interrogated
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because of evidence supplied by the FBI.
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Someone had obviously tipped him off.
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00:11:20,720 --> 00:11:22,540
The finger of suspicion pointed
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at their bright young star in Washington.
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- Philby was recalled
immediately upon the defection.
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He traveled back to London.
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As soon ad he arrived, he was
taking to MI5's headquarters.
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- [Voiceover] Waiting for him
was a team of interrogators
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00:11:42,440 --> 00:11:45,270
led by Dick White, the rising talent
213
00:11:45,270 --> 00:11:48,140
of the counterespionage service.
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00:11:48,140 --> 00:11:52,080
- The trump card for MI5 was to produce
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00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:56,190
Litzi Friedman's passport,
showed it to him,
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and it was covered with stamps
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00:11:57,580 --> 00:12:00,410
of her travels on the continent,
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00:12:00,410 --> 00:12:04,400
and he was asked, "If you were
living on two pounds a week,
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00:12:04,400 --> 00:12:07,510
how could she afford to
travel around the continent
220
00:12:07,510 --> 00:12:09,180
in this way?"
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And Philby was absolutely
poleaxed by that,
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00:12:12,070 --> 00:12:13,740
and he had no reply.
223
00:12:16,730 --> 00:12:19,120
- [Voiceover] But it
wasn't a knockout blow.
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00:12:19,120 --> 00:12:21,520
- They tried to get a confession from him,
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00:12:21,520 --> 00:12:25,350
by having him interrogated
by Buster Milmo QC,
226
00:12:26,360 --> 00:12:30,070
and Philby proved more
than a match for Milmo,
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00:12:30,070 --> 00:12:33,430
adopting a technique that he later told me
228
00:12:33,430 --> 00:12:35,910
he'd adopted frequently in these matters.
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When asked to explain something
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that looked really suspicious,
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he would just say, "That's interesting,
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I can't explain that, it's very very,"
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00:12:43,940 --> 00:12:45,440
and go no further.
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00:12:48,200 --> 00:12:50,030
- [Voiceover] MI5 thought he was guilty,
235
00:12:50,030 --> 00:12:52,960
and Philby had to resign from his job,
236
00:12:52,960 --> 00:12:56,110
but some colleagues in
MI6 weren't so sure.
237
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- It sort of split six.
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He had his friends who felt
he's been badly done by,
239
00:13:01,230 --> 00:13:04,500
and he had those who
were absolutely convinced
240
00:13:04,500 --> 00:13:07,250
that he was guilty, and being British,
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00:13:07,250 --> 00:13:09,630
it was not resolved.
242
00:13:09,630 --> 00:13:12,130
It was swept under the carpet.
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00:13:13,660 --> 00:13:16,260
- [Voiceover] Philby
found himself in limbo,
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00:13:16,260 --> 00:13:20,420
no job with MI6 and no contact
with his friends in the KGB.
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00:13:22,610 --> 00:13:24,890
He brought his wife and now five children
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00:13:24,890 --> 00:13:27,950
down to the sleepy Sussex
town of Crowborough
247
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and tried without much
success to get work.
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- Dad was all over the place.
249
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He worked in Majorca.
250
00:13:34,130 --> 00:13:35,190
He worked in Ireland.
251
00:13:35,190 --> 00:13:36,770
We never knew really what he was doing.
252
00:13:36,770 --> 00:13:40,850
I sort of slightly assumed you
don't question it as children
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that he might've been some sort of rep.
254
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I think people helped him, you know,
255
00:13:44,670 --> 00:13:46,620
gave him the odd job or two
256
00:13:46,620 --> 00:13:49,620
because he really wasn't employable.
257
00:13:51,470 --> 00:13:53,720
- [Voiceover] They rented
a large Victorian house,
258
00:13:53,720 --> 00:13:56,970
shielded from the road by trees.
259
00:13:56,970 --> 00:14:00,250
But the unresolved
question didn't go away.
260
00:14:00,250 --> 00:14:03,370
- Suddenly, Dad was in the
news, he was on the paper,
261
00:14:03,370 --> 00:14:05,200
this is the Third Man.
262
00:14:06,890 --> 00:14:08,270
- [Voiceover] The man behind this headline
263
00:14:08,270 --> 00:14:11,360
was J. Edgar Hoover, head of the FBI.
264
00:14:12,430 --> 00:14:16,150
He was so furious that
Philby had got off scot free
265
00:14:16,150 --> 00:14:20,320
that he deliberately leaked
information to a journalist.
266
00:14:21,430 --> 00:14:23,890
But the plot backfired.
267
00:14:23,890 --> 00:14:25,760
Foreign Secretary Harold
Macmillan was asked
268
00:14:25,760 --> 00:14:28,430
a question about it in Parliament.
269
00:14:28,430 --> 00:14:31,060
And with no proof that
would stand up in court,
270
00:14:31,060 --> 00:14:34,740
he had no option but to clear Philby.
271
00:14:34,740 --> 00:14:36,500
This is what he said.
272
00:14:36,500 --> 00:14:38,450
- [Voiceover] There was
no conclude that he had,
273
00:14:38,450 --> 00:14:41,770
at any time, betrayed
the interests of Britain,
274
00:14:41,770 --> 00:14:45,010
or to identify him with
the so-called third man,
275
00:14:45,010 --> 00:14:46,430
if there was one.
276
00:14:49,850 --> 00:14:51,680
- [Voiceover] Philby immediately
invited the world's press
277
00:14:51,680 --> 00:14:55,290
to join him at his mother's
flat in Kensington.
278
00:14:55,290 --> 00:14:57,180
- [Voiceover] Mr. Harold
Philby on the right
279
00:14:57,180 --> 00:14:59,190
holds a press conference to deny charges
280
00:14:59,190 --> 00:15:00,770
that he was involved in the disappearance
281
00:15:00,770 --> 00:15:02,450
of Burgess and Maclean.
282
00:15:02,450 --> 00:15:04,380
- Mr. Philby, Mr. Macmillan,
the Foreign Secretary
283
00:15:04,380 --> 00:15:06,710
said there was no evidence
that you are the so-called
284
00:15:06,710 --> 00:15:09,470
"Third Man who allegedly
tipped off Burgess and Maclean.
285
00:15:09,470 --> 00:15:10,730
Are you satisfied with that clearance
286
00:15:10,730 --> 00:15:11,730
that he gave you?
287
00:15:11,730 --> 00:15:12,730
- Yes, I am.
288
00:15:14,300 --> 00:15:15,420
- [Reporter] If there was a third man,
289
00:15:15,420 --> 00:15:17,170
were you in fact the third man?
290
00:15:17,170 --> 00:15:19,100
- No, I was not.
291
00:15:19,100 --> 00:15:21,650
- I think Mum was always worried.
292
00:15:21,650 --> 00:15:24,840
She said to her best friend once,
293
00:15:24,840 --> 00:15:28,180
"I'm terrified Kim's going
to go to Moscow or Russia
294
00:15:28,180 --> 00:15:30,650
and take John and Jo."
295
00:15:30,650 --> 00:15:32,370
- I was asked to resign
from the Foreign Office
296
00:15:32,370 --> 00:15:36,300
because of an imprudent
association with Burgess
297
00:15:36,300 --> 00:15:39,360
and as a result of his disappearance.
298
00:15:39,360 --> 00:15:42,710
Beyond that, I'm afraid I have
no further comment to make.
299
00:15:42,710 --> 00:15:45,110
- [Voiceover] So do you
mean she knew he was a spy?
300
00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:47,710
- I really don't know.
301
00:15:47,710 --> 00:15:49,410
I think she probably suspected.
302
00:15:49,410 --> 00:15:50,580
He'd been accused!
303
00:15:50,580 --> 00:15:53,700
I mean, you know, Burgess
had been living with us.
304
00:15:53,700 --> 00:15:56,780
It must be very difficult not to know
305
00:15:58,140 --> 00:15:59,750
although he was very very good.
306
00:15:59,750 --> 00:16:01,730
He obviously was excellent
because he got away with
307
00:16:01,730 --> 00:16:06,400
all the questioning by all
the sort of authorities
308
00:16:06,400 --> 00:16:08,530
and came out of it.
309
00:16:08,530 --> 00:16:10,410
- The last time I spoke to a Communist,
310
00:16:10,410 --> 00:16:12,670
knowing him to be a Communist,
311
00:16:12,670 --> 00:16:14,420
was sometime in 1934.
312
00:16:16,420 --> 00:16:18,330
- [Voiceover] Just what
a whopper that was,
313
00:16:18,330 --> 00:16:21,550
very few people knew that at that stage.
314
00:16:21,550 --> 00:16:23,640
The whisper put around was that Philby
315
00:16:23,640 --> 00:16:28,030
had been a middle rank civil
servant of no great importance.
316
00:16:28,030 --> 00:16:29,760
Then Knightley came across a book
317
00:16:29,760 --> 00:16:32,340
by a former secret agent
writing under the name
318
00:16:32,340 --> 00:16:34,260
of John Whitwell.
319
00:16:34,260 --> 00:16:35,720
- Oh here we are.
320
00:16:35,720 --> 00:16:36,900
- [Voiceover] So you discovered this book?
321
00:16:36,900 --> 00:16:37,730
- Yeah.
322
00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:41,470
There we are, "British Agent."
323
00:16:41,470 --> 00:16:44,020
And of course, we quickly
found out from publishers
324
00:16:44,020 --> 00:16:47,320
that John Whitwell was a pseudonym,
325
00:16:47,320 --> 00:16:49,040
both a secret service pseudonym,
326
00:16:49,040 --> 00:16:51,380
and an author's one as well,
327
00:16:54,880 --> 00:16:57,410
and his real name was Leslie Nicholson.
328
00:16:57,410 --> 00:16:59,790
His publisher eventually agreed to give us
329
00:16:59,790 --> 00:17:03,070
his private address,
which was above a cafe
330
00:17:03,070 --> 00:17:05,240
in the East End of London.
331
00:17:06,610 --> 00:17:08,460
I went down to see him.
332
00:17:08,460 --> 00:17:10,250
Very pathetic case.
333
00:17:10,250 --> 00:17:13,880
Like so many people who had
been in the secret services,
334
00:17:13,880 --> 00:17:17,770
he was in bitter dispute
over his pension rights,
335
00:17:17,770 --> 00:17:22,660
and he felt he had been
diddled over his pension.
336
00:17:22,660 --> 00:17:25,810
He was living in very
straightened circumstances,
337
00:17:25,810 --> 00:17:27,320
and then I realized of course,
338
00:17:27,320 --> 00:17:28,780
that all I had to do was sell him
339
00:17:28,780 --> 00:17:31,170
what his life used to be like
340
00:17:31,170 --> 00:17:33,170
when he was on expenses.
341
00:17:35,940 --> 00:17:38,960
Towards the end of this
very boozy four hour lunch,
342
00:17:38,960 --> 00:17:41,700
he said, "Phillip, I'm a bit surprised
343
00:17:41,700 --> 00:17:44,520
at how little you know about Philby.
344
00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:46,110
Don't you know what Philby's job was
345
00:17:46,110 --> 00:17:47,970
in the secret service?"
346
00:17:47,970 --> 00:17:50,830
And I said, "Well we
haven't got that far yet."
347
00:17:50,830 --> 00:17:55,690
He said, "He was in charge
of the anti-Soviet section."
348
00:17:55,690 --> 00:17:58,690
The anti-Soviet section of
the British Intelligence
349
00:17:58,690 --> 00:18:01,600
was in the hands of a Soviet agent.
350
00:18:19,670 --> 00:18:21,260
- [Voiceover] But instead of jail,
351
00:18:21,260 --> 00:18:23,700
Lucky Kim found himself
in what was then called
352
00:18:23,700 --> 00:18:26,120
the Paris of the Middle East.
353
00:18:33,530 --> 00:18:35,720
This strange twist in
his fortunes happened
354
00:18:35,720 --> 00:18:39,350
because some people in MI6
couldn't bring themselves
355
00:18:39,350 --> 00:18:43,150
to believe that he had betrayed him.
356
00:18:43,150 --> 00:18:45,800
- They went along to David
Astor of The Observer,
357
00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:48,500
and the editor of The Economist,
358
00:18:48,500 --> 00:18:52,670
and they said, "This man
has been grossly wronged
359
00:18:52,670 --> 00:18:57,000
by the establishment, and
he should be looked after."
360
00:18:57,000 --> 00:18:59,790
And they found him work.
361
00:18:59,790 --> 00:19:03,870
So his period of treachery
was extended by years.
362
00:19:05,050 --> 00:19:06,070
- [Voiceover] So they found him work
363
00:19:06,070 --> 00:19:08,140
not only as a journalist, but as a spy?
364
00:19:08,140 --> 00:19:08,970
- Yes.
365
00:19:10,130 --> 00:19:11,480
- [Voiceover] Astonishing
really, isn't it?
366
00:19:11,480 --> 00:19:13,560
- Yes, it was astonishing,
367
00:19:13,560 --> 00:19:16,480
but then it's an astonishing world.
368
00:19:20,300 --> 00:19:21,390
- [Voiceover] Dick Beeston was then
369
00:19:21,390 --> 00:19:25,370
Middle East correspondent
for News Chronicle.
370
00:19:25,370 --> 00:19:28,020
Dick ans his wife Moira befriended Philby
371
00:19:28,020 --> 00:19:29,350
when he arrived.
372
00:19:30,770 --> 00:19:32,820
They noticed he drank too much,
373
00:19:32,820 --> 00:19:35,630
but his charm was undeniable.
374
00:19:35,630 --> 00:19:37,410
- He had this stammer which people found
375
00:19:37,410 --> 00:19:39,920
rather attractive in a
way, sort of tried him out
376
00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:43,870
with his words, but it was
actually his good manners
377
00:19:43,870 --> 00:19:45,730
and his charm which went down very well
378
00:19:45,730 --> 00:19:48,570
during the time that he was sober.
379
00:19:51,950 --> 00:19:53,160
- [Voiceover] In those days,
380
00:19:53,160 --> 00:19:54,350
the British embassy in Beirut
381
00:19:54,350 --> 00:19:58,170
was housed in something
called the Spears Building.
382
00:19:58,170 --> 00:20:02,990
Even today, the electricity
bills come in their name.
383
00:20:02,990 --> 00:20:06,190
MI6, or "The Friends,"
as they were called,
384
00:20:06,190 --> 00:20:09,690
operated from here up on the fourth floor.
385
00:20:11,460 --> 00:20:15,160
The whole building is being
redeveloped as flats now,
386
00:20:15,160 --> 00:20:17,970
but after the 1956 Suez Crisis,
387
00:20:17,970 --> 00:20:20,950
it became the hub of a
vast intelligence web
388
00:20:20,950 --> 00:20:23,260
covering the whole region.
389
00:20:23,260 --> 00:20:24,270
- It was very much a center.
390
00:20:24,270 --> 00:20:26,220
There were a lot of sort of CIA people
391
00:20:26,220 --> 00:20:28,270
buzzing round the place, and quite a lot
392
00:20:28,270 --> 00:20:29,800
of British Intelligence people,
393
00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:32,370
mostly based on the embassy there.
394
00:20:32,370 --> 00:20:35,200
- [Voiceover] Did you know who was who?
395
00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:37,040
- Yes, more or less we did, yes.
396
00:20:37,040 --> 00:20:38,540
There was a man called Paul Paulson
397
00:20:38,540 --> 00:20:41,930
who was the head of
MI6 operation in Beirut
398
00:20:41,930 --> 00:20:43,040
who actually had been at school
399
00:20:43,040 --> 00:20:45,630
with Kim Philby at Westminster.
400
00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:48,930
- [Voiceover] One of the embassy insiders
401
00:20:48,930 --> 00:20:50,930
was John Julius Norwich.
402
00:20:52,150 --> 00:20:54,310
Diplomacy, like spying,
was still very much
403
00:20:54,310 --> 00:20:55,890
a gentleman's game.
404
00:20:56,730 --> 00:20:58,740
- This is the main embassy team
405
00:20:58,740 --> 00:21:01,450
after the new ambassador
Moore Crossthwaite
406
00:21:01,450 --> 00:21:02,770
had presented his credentials.
407
00:21:02,770 --> 00:21:03,760
- [Voiceover] Which one was he?
408
00:21:03,760 --> 00:21:05,770
- He's the one in the middle here.
409
00:21:05,770 --> 00:21:10,120
Myself, Max Perotti our
consul, Alec Brodie,
410
00:21:10,120 --> 00:21:13,100
our military attache, Paul Paulson,
411
00:21:13,100 --> 00:21:15,260
he was the head of MI6 in the embassy,
412
00:21:15,260 --> 00:21:18,670
and John Selwyn, who I
see is also in uniform,
413
00:21:18,670 --> 00:21:20,690
an enormous display of medals.
414
00:21:20,690 --> 00:21:23,860
I cannot exactly remember what he did.
415
00:21:27,570 --> 00:21:28,600
- [Voiceover] In the summer heat,
416
00:21:28,600 --> 00:21:30,110
embassy staff were allowed to flee
417
00:21:30,110 --> 00:21:32,530
to the hills every afternoon.
418
00:21:33,570 --> 00:21:35,090
The custom in those days
419
00:21:35,090 --> 00:21:38,020
was to drink before you drove.
420
00:21:38,020 --> 00:21:39,250
- Next to the British embassy,
421
00:21:39,250 --> 00:21:42,220
there was a very pleasant
little establishment
422
00:21:42,220 --> 00:21:45,140
called Joe's Bar, and several of us
423
00:21:46,720 --> 00:21:50,750
used to congregate in
Joe's Bar at one o'clock
424
00:21:50,750 --> 00:21:52,730
in order to have a couple of stiff ones
425
00:21:52,730 --> 00:21:55,000
to help us drive up the
mountains for lunch.
426
00:21:55,000 --> 00:21:58,130
- There was Paul Paulson,
John Julius Norwich,
427
00:21:58,130 --> 00:22:01,460
and Colonel Brody, the military attache.
428
00:22:02,620 --> 00:22:04,910
It was a quite amusing
little group of people.
429
00:22:04,910 --> 00:22:07,170
- [Voiceover] So more of a
sort of spooks' bar, was it?
430
00:22:07,170 --> 00:22:08,000
- Yeah.
431
00:22:11,550 --> 00:22:14,520
- [Voiceover] In 1975, the
streets around the embassy
432
00:22:14,520 --> 00:22:17,020
were overwhelmed by civil war.
433
00:22:19,810 --> 00:22:22,090
In the shadow of those scarred buildings,
434
00:22:22,090 --> 00:22:23,320
I found someone who remembered
435
00:22:23,320 --> 00:22:25,650
where the bar had once been.
436
00:22:42,520 --> 00:22:44,010
- [Voiceover] And what was Joe's Bar like?
437
00:22:44,010 --> 00:22:45,510
Was it a nice bar?
438
00:22:50,370 --> 00:22:51,280
- [Voiceover] It became one of Philby's
439
00:22:51,280 --> 00:22:53,200
favorite drinking dens.
440
00:22:54,180 --> 00:22:57,620
Over there, that yellow
building behind the trees
441
00:22:57,620 --> 00:22:59,600
is the British Embassy.
442
00:22:59,600 --> 00:23:02,760
They'd just step down here to the bar.
443
00:23:08,620 --> 00:23:11,820
- [John] You went in, there
was the bar on your right.
444
00:23:11,820 --> 00:23:16,510
There was a window not more
than 12, 15 feet across.
445
00:23:16,510 --> 00:23:18,160
It had two or three little tables
446
00:23:18,160 --> 00:23:19,490
at one of which was Kim
447
00:23:19,490 --> 00:23:20,820
who was part of the furniture.
448
00:23:20,820 --> 00:23:22,520
I mean I was never there
when he wasn't there.
449
00:23:22,520 --> 00:23:25,250
- [Voiceover] And in what state was he?
450
00:23:25,250 --> 00:23:26,340
- Speechless.
451
00:23:28,500 --> 00:23:30,600
I mean, perhaps he could
speak, but he didn't speak.
452
00:23:30,600 --> 00:23:31,610
You said, "Hello Kim,"
453
00:23:31,610 --> 00:23:33,000
and he said, "Hello."
454
00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:34,600
And then you went and ordered your drink,
455
00:23:34,600 --> 00:23:35,610
and everybody started talking,
456
00:23:35,610 --> 00:23:37,760
and Kim just went on sitting
there at the back table.
457
00:23:37,760 --> 00:23:39,180
He didn't even join us.
458
00:23:39,180 --> 00:23:41,910
He didn't get up and join the party.
459
00:23:41,910 --> 00:23:43,400
He just sat at the back.
460
00:23:43,400 --> 00:23:46,830
On the other hand, I think he
listened very very carefully
461
00:23:46,830 --> 00:23:48,460
to everything we were saying
462
00:23:48,460 --> 00:23:50,930
because of the great mysteries of Kim
463
00:23:50,930 --> 00:23:53,480
was that he never went
to a press conference
464
00:23:53,480 --> 00:23:54,930
or anything like that.
465
00:23:54,930 --> 00:23:59,600
You know, if some VIP
arrived, Kim was not there,
466
00:23:59,600 --> 00:24:02,950
but every Sunday in the Observer,
467
00:24:02,950 --> 00:24:04,690
frequently on the front page,
468
00:24:04,690 --> 00:24:09,140
this brilliantly written account
from H.A.R. Philby, Beirut,
469
00:24:09,140 --> 00:24:10,640
and we always wondered where he did it,
470
00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:12,060
and how got the information
471
00:24:12,060 --> 00:24:16,060
because he never seemed
to move from the bar.
472
00:24:16,060 --> 00:24:17,490
- [Voiceover] In fact, Philby's main base
473
00:24:17,490 --> 00:24:20,870
was the Normandy Hotel, and it was here,
474
00:24:20,870 --> 00:24:23,930
late in 1958, that a KGB agent
475
00:24:23,930 --> 00:24:26,180
finally made contact again.
476
00:24:27,110 --> 00:24:29,200
Philby said later that he felt his heart
477
00:24:29,200 --> 00:24:31,990
pounding with excitement as he realized
478
00:24:31,990 --> 00:24:34,900
he was back in the spying business.
479
00:24:36,120 --> 00:24:37,630
But behind his cover story,
480
00:24:37,630 --> 00:24:41,010
there were glimpses of turmoil inside.
481
00:24:41,010 --> 00:24:41,990
- At the end of a long evening,
482
00:24:41,990 --> 00:24:46,290
my wife was sitting next to
him in Joe's Bar actually,
483
00:24:46,290 --> 00:24:49,620
and she said, "Oh, were
you the third man?"
484
00:24:49,620 --> 00:24:52,950
And he said, "My dear, if
you had a great friend,
485
00:24:52,950 --> 00:24:55,600
and you knew that you had
some information about him
486
00:24:55,600 --> 00:24:57,000
that would get him into enormous trouble,
487
00:24:57,000 --> 00:24:58,000
what would you do?
488
00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:01,910
I always valued friendship
more than isms."
489
00:25:01,910 --> 00:25:04,930
It was a sort of confession in a way,
490
00:25:04,930 --> 00:25:06,900
but in fact in a way,
it wasn't a confession
491
00:25:06,900 --> 00:25:11,070
because he was really more
interested in isms than loyalty.
492
00:25:17,670 --> 00:25:19,570
- [Voiceover] In 1960,
the British Embassy moved
493
00:25:19,570 --> 00:25:22,570
into a new building on the Corniche.
494
00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:25,260
Well this would be the view
495
00:25:25,260 --> 00:25:27,560
that the British ambassador would have had
496
00:25:27,560 --> 00:25:29,340
in those days.
497
00:25:29,340 --> 00:25:30,180
Beautiful.
498
00:25:33,590 --> 00:25:35,810
Patrick Seale has just
joined the press corps
499
00:25:35,810 --> 00:25:38,840
as Philby's backup on the Observer.
500
00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:41,300
- I think, with retrospect, I can say
501
00:25:41,300 --> 00:25:44,050
that he was trying to ingratiate himself
502
00:25:44,050 --> 00:25:48,630
with the British authorities,
and persuade people,
503
00:25:48,630 --> 00:25:50,330
particularly in the intelligence services,
504
00:25:50,330 --> 00:25:53,500
that he had been falsely accused,
505
00:25:53,500 --> 00:25:55,010
that he was totally loyal,
506
00:25:55,010 --> 00:25:58,080
that I think was his ambition.
507
00:25:58,080 --> 00:25:59,760
- I think there was a certain resentment
508
00:25:59,760 --> 00:26:01,140
that he'd been parachuted in,
509
00:26:01,140 --> 00:26:03,050
they felt, to the corps, you know
510
00:26:03,050 --> 00:26:05,900
rather than having earned
his stripes on the way up
511
00:26:05,900 --> 00:26:10,060
because he had been
parachuted in, by the Friends.
512
00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:12,810
- [Voiceover] Alan Munro, standing here
513
00:26:12,810 --> 00:26:15,340
behind the ambassador,
was then press attache
514
00:26:15,340 --> 00:26:17,180
at the embassy.
515
00:26:17,180 --> 00:26:18,470
- Oddly enough, some years later,
516
00:26:18,470 --> 00:26:22,090
I found the card which
Kim Philby had given me.
517
00:26:22,090 --> 00:26:25,950
HAR Philby, The Observer, The Economist,
518
00:26:25,950 --> 00:26:29,770
Hotel Normandy Beirut,
and on the back there,
519
00:26:29,770 --> 00:26:33,170
he's written this map,
Rue Kantari, and so on,
520
00:26:33,170 --> 00:26:36,090
and how to find his block of flats.
521
00:26:38,840 --> 00:26:41,550
- [Voiceover] Well this
is Rue Kantari today,
522
00:26:41,550 --> 00:26:44,630
and up there on the fifth floor
523
00:26:44,630 --> 00:26:47,220
is the flat where Philby lived.
524
00:26:49,370 --> 00:26:51,350
- It was the end of the Christian quarter,
525
00:26:51,350 --> 00:26:55,080
over looking the port,
a quite sensational view
526
00:26:55,080 --> 00:26:57,000
of Beirut there.
527
00:26:57,000 --> 00:26:59,290
It was very comfortable, attractive,
528
00:26:59,290 --> 00:27:02,290
and a good place for parties really.
529
00:27:03,190 --> 00:27:04,730
- [Voiceover] Parties.
530
00:27:04,730 --> 00:27:07,400
Philby was famously
charming when they started,
531
00:27:07,400 --> 00:27:09,810
often drunk by the time they ended.
532
00:27:09,810 --> 00:27:11,820
- And we all said, what
Kim really needs to do
533
00:27:11,820 --> 00:27:13,300
is to find a really nice girl
534
00:27:13,300 --> 00:27:14,940
who will keep him on
the straight and narrow.
535
00:27:14,940 --> 00:27:17,160
And who he found was Eleanor,
536
00:27:17,160 --> 00:27:20,230
who had been the wife of Saw Brewery
537
00:27:20,230 --> 00:27:21,800
of the New York Times,
538
00:27:21,800 --> 00:27:23,190
who was the only woman in Beirut
539
00:27:23,190 --> 00:27:25,940
who drank much more than Kim did.
540
00:27:27,180 --> 00:27:30,360
- They loved going down to
the beach, often with a bag
541
00:27:30,360 --> 00:27:34,760
full of little tiny bottles
of different sorts of drink,
542
00:27:34,760 --> 00:27:39,480
which they would consume
and struggle to come up
543
00:27:39,480 --> 00:27:44,220
from the beach, often falling
down, bruising themselves.
544
00:27:44,220 --> 00:27:47,030
- [Voiceover] It was hard to
remember that back in England
545
00:27:47,030 --> 00:27:50,200
he still had a wife and five children.
546
00:27:52,460 --> 00:27:56,250
One afternoon, Dick and Moira
Beeston met him out shopping.
547
00:27:56,250 --> 00:27:57,620
- "I've had great news, dear," he said.
548
00:27:57,620 --> 00:27:59,450
"Come and we must celebrate.
549
00:27:59,450 --> 00:28:01,990
Come and have a drink at the Normandy."
550
00:28:01,990 --> 00:28:06,160
And he produced this cable
saying his wife had died.
551
00:28:09,560 --> 00:28:11,200
We were very shocked about that,
552
00:28:11,200 --> 00:28:14,060
but he said it was the
best thing for everybody.
553
00:28:14,060 --> 00:28:16,820
He said, "You know,
she's been terribly ill
554
00:28:16,820 --> 00:28:19,940
and hurting herself, and you know,
555
00:28:19,940 --> 00:28:23,100
it was the best way out for everyone."
556
00:28:28,160 --> 00:28:29,710
- [Voiceover] Her ungrieving husband
557
00:28:29,710 --> 00:28:33,870
returned to normal business
and soon married Eleanor.
558
00:28:34,780 --> 00:28:36,360
- For a few months or so, they seemed
559
00:28:36,360 --> 00:28:38,730
very much in love and
not drinking very much,
560
00:28:38,730 --> 00:28:43,360
and rather charming, and then
gradually it deteriorated,
561
00:28:43,360 --> 00:28:46,610
and they both used to drink enormously.
562
00:28:48,270 --> 00:28:51,140
- Yes I think that is certainly true.
563
00:28:51,140 --> 00:28:52,480
Definitely, yes.
564
00:28:53,520 --> 00:28:54,940
Yes, indeed, yes.
565
00:28:56,350 --> 00:29:00,020
They were well suited on
that line, yes, certainly.
566
00:29:00,020 --> 00:29:01,350
- [Voiceover] Lorraine Copeland
567
00:29:01,350 --> 00:29:03,500
was Eleanor's best friend in Beirut.
568
00:29:03,500 --> 00:29:06,060
She was married to a man
called Miles Copeland
569
00:29:06,060 --> 00:29:09,210
who did freelance work for the CIA.
570
00:29:09,210 --> 00:29:10,910
- This brings it all back.
571
00:29:10,910 --> 00:29:13,070
It was a round of parties.
572
00:29:14,170 --> 00:29:16,840
We lived at La Vie Diplomatique,
573
00:29:18,600 --> 00:29:21,440
and we lived a very pleasant life.
574
00:29:24,570 --> 00:29:26,860
- [Voiceover] Her son, also called Miles,
575
00:29:26,860 --> 00:29:30,000
was then at school in Beirut.
576
00:29:30,000 --> 00:29:33,630
The Philbys were often
guests at his parents' house.
577
00:29:33,630 --> 00:29:34,710
- The Philbys were always there,
578
00:29:34,710 --> 00:29:36,510
and he was always drunk
and always stuttering,
579
00:29:36,510 --> 00:29:39,110
and I remember saying once to my father,
580
00:29:39,110 --> 00:29:41,270
"Why are we always with the Philbys?"
581
00:29:41,270 --> 00:29:43,010
And he said, "Shut up."
582
00:29:43,010 --> 00:29:46,460
He then told me later on
why I should've shut up
583
00:29:46,460 --> 00:29:49,050
is because he was told by the CIA,
584
00:29:49,050 --> 00:29:50,920
look we don't trust this guy.
585
00:29:50,920 --> 00:29:53,220
Since you're in Beirut,
keep an eye on him,
586
00:29:53,220 --> 00:29:54,320
and it turns out, the
best way to keep an eye
587
00:29:54,320 --> 00:29:58,480
on Kim Philby was to invite
him to all the parties.
588
00:30:05,130 --> 00:30:05,960
- [Voiceover] At this point,
589
00:30:05,960 --> 00:30:07,700
a man called Nicholas Elliott took over
590
00:30:07,700 --> 00:30:09,620
as MI6 chief in Beirut.
591
00:30:11,020 --> 00:30:13,980
Years later, he would make, for a spy,
592
00:30:13,980 --> 00:30:17,960
a rare appearance on television
to talk about his work.
593
00:30:17,960 --> 00:30:21,400
- I got involved int his
sort of work before the war,
594
00:30:21,400 --> 00:30:24,470
and I think one of the attractions,
595
00:30:24,470 --> 00:30:25,740
from my point of view,
596
00:30:25,740 --> 00:30:28,250
was firstly of course one
felt it was worthwhile,
597
00:30:28,250 --> 00:30:31,720
and secondly, as such, it was
a very pleasant atmosphere
598
00:30:31,720 --> 00:30:34,000
in which to work, and an
enormously high proportion
599
00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:37,170
of one's colleagues, male and female,
600
00:30:37,170 --> 00:30:39,010
were personal friends.
601
00:30:40,400 --> 00:30:42,420
- [Voiceover] Not least, Kim Philby,
602
00:30:42,420 --> 00:30:44,650
whose charmed Mediterranean life
603
00:30:44,650 --> 00:30:47,820
Elliot had done much to engineer,
604
00:30:47,820 --> 00:30:51,100
and once in Beirut, he
continued to favor him.
605
00:30:51,100 --> 00:30:54,580
- I remember the head of the
MI6 station coming to see me
606
00:30:54,580 --> 00:30:57,810
to say, "I just want to tell you about
607
00:30:57,810 --> 00:31:01,030
one of the correspondents
here, a very senior one.
608
00:31:01,030 --> 00:31:02,580
His name is Kim Philby,
609
00:31:02,580 --> 00:31:07,260
and he reports for the
Observer and for the Economist,
610
00:31:07,260 --> 00:31:10,520
and I just want to let you
know he used to be one of us,
611
00:31:10,520 --> 00:31:13,730
and you can trust him with information."
612
00:31:13,730 --> 00:31:14,820
And so I did.
613
00:31:16,090 --> 00:31:17,680
- [Voiceover] And who was that?
614
00:31:17,680 --> 00:31:19,120
- Who was the head of station?
615
00:31:19,120 --> 00:31:22,000
The head of the station
was Nicholas Elliott.
616
00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:24,060
- [Voiceover] Elliott had
been to Eton and Cambridge,
617
00:31:24,060 --> 00:31:27,560
but he wore his expensive
education lightly.
618
00:31:27,560 --> 00:31:29,990
- I went one day to his flat for lunch,
619
00:31:29,990 --> 00:31:34,010
vast flat very much like
an ambassadorial set up,
620
00:31:34,010 --> 00:31:37,210
but he was not a man who
people took very seriously,
621
00:31:37,210 --> 00:31:38,790
perhaps mistakenly so.
622
00:31:38,790 --> 00:31:42,790
He was very fond of telling
rather risque jokes,
623
00:31:43,760 --> 00:31:46,580
and at lunch he was full of these stories,
624
00:31:46,580 --> 00:31:48,500
and he gave the impression of a man
625
00:31:48,500 --> 00:31:51,330
who simply liked to enjoy himself.
626
00:31:53,280 --> 00:31:58,060
- [Voiceover] For two
years, Philby was in clover.
627
00:31:58,060 --> 00:32:00,160
But just as Elliott's
tour of duty in Beirut
628
00:32:00,160 --> 00:32:03,350
was coming to an end, a
conversation took place
629
00:32:03,350 --> 00:32:06,700
130 miles south in
Israel, which would turn
630
00:32:06,700 --> 00:32:09,110
Philby's life upside down.
631
00:32:09,110 --> 00:32:11,360
- Philby became the focus of attention
632
00:32:11,360 --> 00:32:13,860
in a relatively casual conversation
633
00:32:13,860 --> 00:32:17,720
between Victor Rothschild,
who had been an MI5 officer
634
00:32:17,720 --> 00:32:19,780
during the Second World War,
635
00:32:19,780 --> 00:32:22,170
and a woman called Flora Solomon
636
00:32:22,170 --> 00:32:24,670
at a drinks party in Tel Aviv.
637
00:32:25,680 --> 00:32:27,240
- [Voiceover] This is
the marriage certificate
638
00:32:27,240 --> 00:32:31,920
of Kim Philby to his recently
deceased wife, Aileen.
639
00:32:31,920 --> 00:32:33,620
Who was the witness?
640
00:32:33,620 --> 00:32:34,790
Flora Solomon.
641
00:32:36,280 --> 00:32:40,100
- Flora Solomon complained
about some articles
642
00:32:40,100 --> 00:32:44,800
which had been written by
Kim Philby in the Observer.
643
00:32:44,800 --> 00:32:47,470
She felt they were anti-Zionist,
644
00:32:48,570 --> 00:32:51,350
and she remarked to Victor Rothschild
645
00:32:51,350 --> 00:32:54,960
that this was was pretty
rich coming from Kim Philby
646
00:32:54,960 --> 00:32:59,170
on the basis that Philby
had in fact approached her
647
00:32:59,170 --> 00:33:01,000
at the beginning of the war
648
00:33:01,000 --> 00:33:04,960
and had pitched her to join the Comintern,
649
00:33:04,960 --> 00:33:07,950
to quote, "work for peace."
650
00:33:07,950 --> 00:33:10,220
- [Voiceover] Chapman
Pincher, Harry to his friends,
651
00:33:10,220 --> 00:33:12,680
is approaching 100, and a legend
652
00:33:12,680 --> 00:33:15,890
among spy hunting journalists.
653
00:33:15,890 --> 00:33:18,040
He knew Victor Rothschild well,
654
00:33:18,040 --> 00:33:21,320
and says Flora actually went even further.
655
00:33:21,320 --> 00:33:24,010
- She said, "Look, there's
something I must tell you.
656
00:33:24,010 --> 00:33:26,810
I know that Philby was a spy,
657
00:33:26,810 --> 00:33:28,080
and I've known a long time,
658
00:33:28,080 --> 00:33:30,870
and it's been on my conscience,
but I'd like you to know
659
00:33:30,870 --> 00:33:35,040
that I know he was working
for the KGB" is what she said.
660
00:33:42,960 --> 00:33:43,960
- [Voiceover] The popular myth
661
00:33:43,960 --> 00:33:45,610
about the elite secret services
662
00:33:45,610 --> 00:33:48,570
was that great decisions were
taken over game of billiards
663
00:33:48,570 --> 00:33:51,040
in the clubs of London.
664
00:33:51,040 --> 00:33:53,390
All of the main player in
the drama that followed
665
00:33:53,390 --> 00:33:55,220
came from this world.
666
00:33:55,220 --> 00:33:57,650
- Victor Rothschild left
the security service,
667
00:33:57,650 --> 00:34:01,440
but he was still in very close contact
668
00:34:01,440 --> 00:34:05,600
with several senior MI5
officers including Dick White,
669
00:34:06,590 --> 00:34:10,060
and he reported to Dick
White that this conversation
670
00:34:10,060 --> 00:34:11,390
had taken place.
671
00:34:12,820 --> 00:34:16,090
- [Voiceover] By then,
White, Philby's MI5 adversary
672
00:34:16,090 --> 00:34:20,260
in 1951, had been transferred
to the top job at MI6.
673
00:34:21,270 --> 00:34:24,940
- Sir Dick and Hollis,
who was then head of MI5,
674
00:34:24,940 --> 00:34:27,540
got their hands together and decided
675
00:34:27,540 --> 00:34:29,870
they'd have to do something.
676
00:34:33,040 --> 00:34:35,930
But they would do, and this
thing I think is terrible
677
00:34:35,930 --> 00:34:37,480
because it happened so often,
678
00:34:37,480 --> 00:34:40,670
they decided under no circumstances
679
00:34:40,670 --> 00:34:43,060
would he be prosecuted in any way,
680
00:34:43,060 --> 00:34:47,230
whatever he might admit, but
in return for a confession,
681
00:34:48,900 --> 00:34:52,150
they would give him total immunity,
682
00:34:52,150 --> 00:34:55,750
not only from prosecution
but from publicity.
683
00:34:55,750 --> 00:34:57,100
In other words, the whole thing
684
00:34:57,100 --> 00:34:59,600
would be completely hushed up.
685
00:35:02,740 --> 00:35:03,850
- [Voiceover] But there were tensions
686
00:35:03,850 --> 00:35:06,530
between the two branches
of British intelligence.
687
00:35:06,530 --> 00:35:09,250
SIS, as MI6 is officially called,
688
00:35:09,250 --> 00:35:11,970
is now over there across the Thames.
689
00:35:11,970 --> 00:35:13,400
The normal procedure was for them
690
00:35:13,400 --> 00:35:15,320
to hand a matter like this
691
00:35:15,320 --> 00:35:18,020
over to MI5, the spy catching service
692
00:35:18,020 --> 00:35:19,730
just down the road.
693
00:35:19,730 --> 00:35:21,830
Accordingly, MI5 were preparing
694
00:35:21,830 --> 00:35:26,730
one of their top interrogators
for the confrontation.
695
00:35:26,730 --> 00:35:29,520
- Arthur Martin was
briefed and ready to go,
696
00:35:29,520 --> 00:35:32,940
and at that 11th hour, Dick White decided
697
00:35:35,710 --> 00:35:38,000
that it should be an SIS officer
698
00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:41,190
who should make the
approach to Kim Philby,
699
00:35:41,190 --> 00:35:42,690
not Arthur Martin.
700
00:35:44,390 --> 00:35:45,890
- [Voiceover] What had happened, it seems,
701
00:35:45,890 --> 00:35:48,440
is that Nicholas Elliott
had returned from Beirut
702
00:35:48,440 --> 00:35:51,800
and got wind of what was going on.
703
00:35:51,800 --> 00:35:53,360
He put the case to his boss
704
00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:57,740
that he should be the person
sent to confront Philby.
705
00:35:57,740 --> 00:35:59,990
Surprisingly, White agreed.
706
00:36:01,080 --> 00:36:03,970
- His justification for this was
707
00:36:03,970 --> 00:36:07,630
that Arthur Martin would
not really cut the mustard.
708
00:36:07,630 --> 00:36:08,910
At the end of the Second World War,
709
00:36:08,910 --> 00:36:09,950
he had been an NCO.
710
00:36:09,950 --> 00:36:12,520
He had never risen above
the rank of sergeant,
711
00:36:12,520 --> 00:36:15,520
and in a very class conscious world,
712
00:36:16,680 --> 00:36:19,790
Dick White, who had ended up
with the rank of brigadier,
713
00:36:19,790 --> 00:36:23,960
felt very strongly that Arthur
would not impress Kim Philby.
714
00:36:32,610 --> 00:36:37,500
- So they told Elliott, and
Elliott confirmed this to me
715
00:36:37,500 --> 00:36:41,490
that he had to say to
Philby that they knew
716
00:36:41,490 --> 00:36:43,910
he had ceased to spy in 1949,
717
00:36:46,220 --> 00:36:48,390
and the reason for that was
718
00:36:48,390 --> 00:36:52,720
that that wast just before
Philby had gone to America,
719
00:36:52,720 --> 00:36:54,990
so if they could get a statement from him
720
00:36:54,990 --> 00:36:58,000
saying he had ceased to spy in 1949,
721
00:36:58,000 --> 00:37:01,140
the Americans could be assured
that he had not give away
722
00:37:01,140 --> 00:37:02,460
any of their secrets
723
00:37:02,460 --> 00:37:04,380
because he had ceased to be a spy
724
00:37:04,380 --> 00:37:06,790
before he went to Washington.
725
00:37:18,350 --> 00:37:20,070
- [Voiceover] So Elliott
arrived back in Beirut
726
00:37:20,070 --> 00:37:22,480
to confront Philby.
727
00:37:22,480 --> 00:37:23,310
But when?
728
00:37:24,450 --> 00:37:28,590
The usual story is that he
came back in January '63,
729
00:37:28,590 --> 00:37:30,380
but according to Eleanor Philby,
730
00:37:30,380 --> 00:37:32,200
in her book about these events,
731
00:37:32,200 --> 00:37:34,670
Elliott actually came back in December,
732
00:37:34,670 --> 00:37:37,080
just before Christmas.
733
00:37:37,080 --> 00:37:39,090
He checked into a discreet hotel
734
00:37:39,090 --> 00:37:40,720
where he wouldn't be recognized
735
00:37:40,720 --> 00:37:44,930
and took Kim and herself
out to an expensive meal.
736
00:37:44,930 --> 00:37:47,820
There was the usual fund of
doubtful jokes from Elliott,
737
00:37:47,820 --> 00:37:50,730
she says, but the gaiety was false.
738
00:37:51,570 --> 00:37:53,460
And whatever was said
privately between them
739
00:37:53,460 --> 00:37:56,460
made Kim so depressed
that he wouldn't go out
740
00:37:56,460 --> 00:37:59,710
over Christmas and led
to him drinking so much
741
00:37:59,710 --> 00:38:02,030
that he cracked his head
open on the radiator
742
00:38:02,030 --> 00:38:05,020
in their bathroom on New Year's Day.
743
00:38:05,020 --> 00:38:08,760
- What I saw was a man who I thought
744
00:38:08,760 --> 00:38:10,340
was simply a drunk.
745
00:38:11,240 --> 00:38:12,810
He'd fallen down.
746
00:38:12,810 --> 00:38:16,410
He was wounded, he had a
wound somewhere on his head,
747
00:38:16,410 --> 00:38:19,480
I think, he was weeping
quite substantially.
748
00:38:19,480 --> 00:38:23,140
I had never seen a grown
man weep as much as he.
749
00:38:23,140 --> 00:38:24,740
He was clearly frightened.
750
00:38:24,740 --> 00:38:26,350
I thought it was just drunkenness.
751
00:38:26,350 --> 00:38:28,610
It was only later that I understood
752
00:38:28,610 --> 00:38:30,670
that he was under tremendous pressure
753
00:38:30,670 --> 00:38:32,450
and was worried that the Russians
754
00:38:32,450 --> 00:38:34,700
would not save him in time.
755
00:38:37,470 --> 00:38:39,760
- [Voiceover] So if the
official story is right,
756
00:38:39,760 --> 00:38:41,700
and the actual confrontation with Elliott
757
00:38:41,700 --> 00:38:45,340
was in Mid-January, did
Elliott make an extra trip
758
00:38:45,340 --> 00:38:47,110
to warn his friend?
759
00:38:47,110 --> 00:38:49,180
Or did Eleanor get it wrong?
760
00:38:49,180 --> 00:38:51,670
Or did someone else deliver the news
761
00:38:51,670 --> 00:38:55,120
which ruined the Philbys' Christmas?
762
00:38:55,120 --> 00:38:57,700
Here's one possible answer.
763
00:38:57,700 --> 00:39:00,200
- In December of 1962,
764
00:39:00,200 --> 00:39:03,950
I went to a reception
given by my ambassador,
765
00:39:04,930 --> 00:39:08,610
Moore Crossthwaite, and
one of the guests there,
766
00:39:08,610 --> 00:39:10,180
indeed I think the principle guest,
767
00:39:10,180 --> 00:39:15,030
was Sir Antony Blunt, who
had apparently come out
768
00:39:15,030 --> 00:39:19,190
to Beirut on a rather unlikely
quest for a frog orchid.
769
00:39:26,860 --> 00:39:29,480
- [Voiceover] Blunt was then
Keeper of the Queen's Pictures.
770
00:39:29,480 --> 00:39:32,610
Within 18 months, he
would secretly confess
771
00:39:32,610 --> 00:39:34,740
to being one of the Cambridge spies,
772
00:39:34,740 --> 00:39:37,930
recruited at the same time as Kim Philby.
773
00:39:37,930 --> 00:39:41,370
But in December 1962, he
was still a close friend
774
00:39:41,370 --> 00:39:43,630
of Victor Rothschild, whom he'd known
775
00:39:43,630 --> 00:39:46,530
since their Cambridge
days, and both of them
776
00:39:46,530 --> 00:39:48,780
were friends of Dick White.
777
00:39:50,770 --> 00:39:52,840
- The reception was, I
think, given in his honor.
778
00:39:52,840 --> 00:39:55,110
He seemed perfectly relaxed
779
00:39:55,110 --> 00:39:59,470
and was obviously off to do
a bit of hiking in the hills.
780
00:39:59,470 --> 00:40:02,690
Just what had brought him out at the time,
781
00:40:02,690 --> 00:40:04,940
in reality, I couldn't say.
782
00:40:07,020 --> 00:40:09,940
- [Voiceover] Could it really
have been that frog orchid?
783
00:40:09,940 --> 00:40:14,050
I went to see Andre Schuiteman,
a world orchid specialist.
784
00:40:14,050 --> 00:40:15,500
- Here we have the orchid library.
785
00:40:15,500 --> 00:40:16,830
There are so many orchids
786
00:40:16,830 --> 00:40:18,250
they have their own library in Kew,
787
00:40:18,250 --> 00:40:21,330
with thousands of books and journals.
788
00:40:25,750 --> 00:40:29,120
We have here the book "Orchids
of Britain and Ireland,"
789
00:40:29,120 --> 00:40:30,710
and here we have the frog orchid.
790
00:40:30,710 --> 00:40:33,060
It's relatively common throughout Britain,
791
00:40:33,060 --> 00:40:34,270
so you can see all the green.
792
00:40:34,270 --> 00:40:35,350
- [Voiceover] And you as an expert
793
00:40:35,350 --> 00:40:39,110
would say that the frog
orchids simply don't grow in?
794
00:40:39,110 --> 00:40:40,950
- No, they don't grow in Lebanon.
795
00:40:40,950 --> 00:40:44,290
There's a book about orchids of Lebanon.
796
00:40:45,850 --> 00:40:48,440
There's an index, so it's not in Lebanon.
797
00:40:48,440 --> 00:40:49,950
It's not in Lebanon.
798
00:40:49,950 --> 00:40:52,520
- [Voiceover] So you're
confident that if Antony Blunt
799
00:40:52,520 --> 00:40:55,330
went to Lebanon, it would not have been
800
00:40:55,330 --> 00:40:56,520
to see a frog orchid?
801
00:40:56,520 --> 00:40:57,530
- Definitely not.
802
00:40:57,530 --> 00:41:00,530
It was clearly a lie, can't be true.
803
00:41:01,570 --> 00:41:03,220
- [Voiceover] This is the
ambassador's residence
804
00:41:03,220 --> 00:41:06,810
where Blunt was staying
as a private guest.
805
00:41:08,010 --> 00:41:11,460
Philby's flat was a short walk away.
806
00:41:11,460 --> 00:41:15,330
There's no independent
evidence that they met but.
807
00:41:15,330 --> 00:41:17,440
- It seems inconceivable to me
808
00:41:17,440 --> 00:41:20,780
that Blunt would have traveled to Beirut
809
00:41:22,200 --> 00:41:26,030
at the time without having seen Philby,
810
00:41:26,030 --> 00:41:27,720
knowing that they were old friends
811
00:41:27,720 --> 00:41:30,380
and with many friends in common.
812
00:41:31,470 --> 00:41:33,340
- [Voiceover] Had Blunt picked up a clue
813
00:41:33,340 --> 00:41:35,540
in something those friends had said
814
00:41:35,540 --> 00:41:38,210
and come to warn his fellow spy?
815
00:41:43,830 --> 00:41:46,580
(foghorn blares)
816
00:41:53,100 --> 00:41:56,590
In early January, Philby
got a call from the embassy.
817
00:41:56,590 --> 00:41:59,190
They said they wanted him
to come to a private flat
818
00:41:59,190 --> 00:42:01,630
to meet the new local head of MI6,
819
00:42:01,630 --> 00:42:03,800
skiing fanatic Peter Lunn.
820
00:42:07,770 --> 00:42:10,810
- When he arrived there, who should it be?
821
00:42:10,810 --> 00:42:11,990
- [Voiceover] Not Peter Lunn.
822
00:42:11,990 --> 00:42:14,390
- But Nicholas Elliott.
823
00:42:14,390 --> 00:42:17,040
According to Nicholas, his words were,
824
00:42:17,040 --> 00:42:20,210
"I thought it might be you, Nicholas."
825
00:42:22,040 --> 00:42:23,030
- [Voiceover] In the next room,
826
00:42:23,030 --> 00:42:25,040
a tape had been set running to record
827
00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:27,600
the long awaited confession.
828
00:42:27,600 --> 00:42:30,160
- Nicholas said to him,
"We've got absolutely
829
00:42:30,160 --> 00:42:31,660
top flight information.
830
00:42:31,660 --> 00:42:34,920
You were a spy, you betrayed us all,
831
00:42:34,920 --> 00:42:37,090
you betrayed me, your old pal,"
832
00:42:37,090 --> 00:42:38,890
and one thing or another,
833
00:42:38,890 --> 00:42:40,320
"But what we are prepared to do
834
00:42:40,320 --> 00:42:44,850
in return for a confession
that you did do that,
835
00:42:44,850 --> 00:42:47,660
and of course ceased to spy in 1949,
836
00:42:47,660 --> 00:42:49,680
we will guarantee you immunity from
837
00:42:49,680 --> 00:42:51,750
prosecution and publicity."
838
00:42:51,750 --> 00:42:53,920
- His reaction was that he would,
839
00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:56,460
if Nicholas Elliott
came back the next day,
840
00:42:56,460 --> 00:42:58,760
he would prepare a document
841
00:42:58,760 --> 00:43:02,680
in which he would set
out the precise position.
842
00:43:11,470 --> 00:43:12,740
- [Voiceover] There is
still no public record
843
00:43:12,740 --> 00:43:16,520
of this encounter, but the
consensus of leaks and briefings
844
00:43:16,520 --> 00:43:19,910
is that Elliott and Philby
then had further meetings,
845
00:43:19,910 --> 00:43:23,650
culminating in Philby handing
over a written confession.
846
00:43:23,650 --> 00:43:25,570
- Exactly what was in it I was never told,
847
00:43:25,570 --> 00:43:27,690
but it wasn't very long,
848
00:43:27,690 --> 00:43:29,550
but it did include the important fact
849
00:43:29,550 --> 00:43:32,050
that he ceased to spy in 1949,
850
00:43:34,030 --> 00:43:36,900
which they were able
to tell the Americans.
851
00:43:36,900 --> 00:43:38,840
- [Voiceover] Elliott
filed a report to London
852
00:43:38,840 --> 00:43:40,830
and flew on to Africa, telling Lunn
853
00:43:40,830 --> 00:43:43,390
that Philby was ready to cooperate
854
00:43:43,390 --> 00:43:45,990
and didn't need special surveillance.
855
00:43:45,990 --> 00:43:48,630
- The hope was that he would
either come back to London
856
00:43:48,630 --> 00:43:50,930
and make himself available for interview,
857
00:43:50,930 --> 00:43:53,960
or alternatively, he
would remain in Beirut,
858
00:43:53,960 --> 00:43:57,640
and again, MI5 would be
able to interview him,
859
00:43:57,640 --> 00:44:00,620
at length, and he would
in effect become an asset
860
00:44:00,620 --> 00:44:03,120
of the intelligence community.
861
00:44:05,710 --> 00:44:06,880
- [Voiceover] On that basis, Peter Lunn
862
00:44:06,880 --> 00:44:09,260
made an arrangement to see Philby later
863
00:44:09,260 --> 00:44:12,340
and went off skiing in the mountains.
864
00:44:19,980 --> 00:44:23,810
Five days later, a winter
storm struck Beirut.
865
00:44:29,380 --> 00:44:31,210
During the afternoon,
Philby had left the flat
866
00:44:31,210 --> 00:44:33,210
to meet his KGB contact.
867
00:44:35,050 --> 00:44:37,710
He and Eleanor had been
invited to dinner that evening
868
00:44:37,710 --> 00:44:40,340
by friends from the British embassy.
869
00:44:40,340 --> 00:44:42,880
As the hours slipped by, Kim phoned to say
870
00:44:42,880 --> 00:44:45,150
he'd meet her at the party.
871
00:44:45,150 --> 00:44:47,830
Malcolm Davidson was
one of the other guests.
872
00:44:47,830 --> 00:44:49,430
- It was rather like
a little mansion block
873
00:44:49,430 --> 00:44:50,640
in West Kensington.
874
00:44:50,640 --> 00:44:53,170
It was a long dark corridor
with rooms off either side
875
00:44:53,170 --> 00:44:55,310
and sort of stained glass windows,
876
00:44:55,310 --> 00:44:57,970
and I remember it quite clearly
877
00:44:57,970 --> 00:44:59,650
going right through and
then finding the dining room
878
00:44:59,650 --> 00:45:01,880
set at the end there,
879
00:45:01,880 --> 00:45:04,670
and we were sort of talking
and drinking and hanging about,
880
00:45:04,670 --> 00:45:06,670
and turns out that the spare girl there
881
00:45:06,670 --> 00:45:09,700
was Eleanor Philby
waiting for her husband.
882
00:45:09,700 --> 00:45:13,480
(belly dance music)
883
00:45:13,480 --> 00:45:15,350
- The first thought that crossed our minds
884
00:45:15,350 --> 00:45:18,500
was that he had had been
too heavy with the drink,
885
00:45:18,500 --> 00:45:20,900
and therefore he'd just sort of collapsed
886
00:45:20,900 --> 00:45:23,640
on the street corner, and
somebody had taken him
887
00:45:23,640 --> 00:45:24,990
to the hospital.
888
00:45:24,990 --> 00:45:26,840
- Eventually people
said, "He's always late.
889
00:45:26,840 --> 00:45:29,370
It's ridiculous, we'll start without him."
890
00:45:29,370 --> 00:45:32,630
- I remember feeling upset for Eleanor
891
00:45:32,630 --> 00:45:36,920
because she was obviously
very upset herself,
892
00:45:36,920 --> 00:45:38,730
and I suppose she must've thought
893
00:45:38,730 --> 00:45:41,730
that something serious had happened.
894
00:45:43,350 --> 00:45:45,480
- [Voiceover] What had
happened was that Kim Philby
895
00:45:45,480 --> 00:45:48,360
had gone down to the
port with a KGB guide,
896
00:45:48,360 --> 00:45:50,960
and by morning, was on a Russian freighter
897
00:45:50,960 --> 00:45:53,210
bound for the Soviet Union.
898
00:45:59,530 --> 00:46:02,780
(dramatic march music)
899
00:46:11,760 --> 00:46:14,510
(tanks rumbling)
900
00:46:27,700 --> 00:46:31,030
Some things don't change much in Moscow.
901
00:46:32,300 --> 00:46:35,510
The victory over Hitler was
fresher in the mind then,
902
00:46:35,510 --> 00:46:38,570
the power of the state unarguable.
903
00:46:38,570 --> 00:46:41,310
Maybe Philby felt he was on
the right side of history,
904
00:46:41,310 --> 00:46:44,940
but it was not a hero's
welcome he was given.
905
00:46:44,940 --> 00:46:47,910
- He arrived in Moscow, what
he described as going home,
906
00:46:47,910 --> 00:46:51,970
to find that he was regarded
with some suspicion,
907
00:46:51,970 --> 00:46:54,830
that everything that he
had worked for was seen,
908
00:46:54,830 --> 00:46:56,740
on second thoughts, by the Russians,
909
00:46:56,740 --> 00:46:59,110
too good to be true.
910
00:46:59,110 --> 00:47:02,550
I mean, could British
intelligence really be so slack
911
00:47:02,550 --> 00:47:04,060
that they allowed so much information
912
00:47:04,060 --> 00:47:07,560
to escape and handed over to the Russians?
913
00:47:08,740 --> 00:47:11,570
It was just impossible to believe.
914
00:47:15,930 --> 00:47:17,070
- [Voiceover] He was given an apartment
915
00:47:17,070 --> 00:47:20,170
just a few hundred meters from
where the parade rolled by,
916
00:47:20,170 --> 00:47:24,080
but it was more like
house arrest than freedom.
917
00:47:25,040 --> 00:47:27,180
Mikhail Lyubimov was a KGB officer
918
00:47:27,180 --> 00:47:30,870
who became a good friend of Philby's.
919
00:47:30,870 --> 00:47:32,890
- Our service expected the British
920
00:47:32,890 --> 00:47:35,910
may kill him any time, even in Moscow,
921
00:47:35,910 --> 00:47:37,440
even in the Red Square
922
00:47:37,440 --> 00:47:41,610
because at that time, there was
a magnified fear of killings
923
00:47:43,440 --> 00:47:47,980
because under Stalin,
the traitors were killed.
924
00:47:47,980 --> 00:47:50,640
- [Voiceover] Stalin
the man was long gone,
925
00:47:50,640 --> 00:47:54,400
but Stalin the mindset was alive and well.
926
00:47:54,400 --> 00:47:58,570
The KGB didn't breathe a
word about Philby's arrival.
927
00:48:01,620 --> 00:48:03,290
The British government line,
928
00:48:03,290 --> 00:48:05,410
in letters from the ambassador in Beirut,
929
00:48:05,410 --> 00:48:09,050
was that they didn't
know where Philby was.
930
00:48:09,050 --> 00:48:10,250
- It is possible that he was
931
00:48:10,250 --> 00:48:12,440
either on a trip for
journalistic purposes,
932
00:48:12,440 --> 00:48:15,430
or, being somewhat irregular of habits,
933
00:48:15,430 --> 00:48:18,630
he had gone off on a lost weekend.
934
00:48:18,630 --> 00:48:20,490
It was March before the newspapers
935
00:48:20,490 --> 00:48:22,740
even mentioned his absence.
936
00:48:23,590 --> 00:48:25,340
- We had the papers in bed,
937
00:48:25,340 --> 00:48:27,060
and there was a little column,
938
00:48:27,060 --> 00:48:28,860
tiny little bit at the
bottom of the Observer
939
00:48:28,860 --> 00:48:31,450
saying our reporter is missing.
940
00:48:34,070 --> 00:48:36,980
I suppose in a way, one
sort of half believed
941
00:48:36,980 --> 00:48:38,710
that he had gone, you know?
942
00:48:38,710 --> 00:48:40,290
To Moscow.
943
00:48:40,290 --> 00:48:42,550
I mean, what else was he doing?
944
00:48:42,550 --> 00:48:44,540
- [Voiceover] In July, some five months
945
00:48:44,540 --> 00:48:47,780
after his disappearance,
the truth came out.
946
00:48:47,780 --> 00:48:50,450
- It's quite difficult
when it's your father.
947
00:48:50,450 --> 00:48:54,540
It took me a long time to
sort of really come to terms
948
00:48:54,540 --> 00:48:56,740
with the idea that other people hated him,
949
00:48:56,740 --> 00:48:58,210
and you know, I thought, well, you know,
950
00:48:58,210 --> 00:49:01,320
he's a hero to the Russians.
951
00:49:01,320 --> 00:49:02,920
- [Voiceover] Not exactly.
952
00:49:02,920 --> 00:49:04,340
Philby found he was not even allowed
953
00:49:04,340 --> 00:49:08,000
to enter KGB headquarters,
nor did he have any rank
954
00:49:08,000 --> 00:49:10,950
in the organization he had served so long.
955
00:49:10,950 --> 00:49:14,750
- No agent can be trusted completely.
956
00:49:14,750 --> 00:49:17,860
He had to be checked all the time,
957
00:49:17,860 --> 00:49:22,180
and Kim, still, though he
was a very valuable agent
958
00:49:22,180 --> 00:49:25,490
and the pride of the Soviet intelligence,
959
00:49:25,490 --> 00:49:27,990
still his flat was controlled,
960
00:49:29,120 --> 00:49:32,120
he was forbidden to meet foreigners.
961
00:49:33,240 --> 00:49:36,280
Of course, nobody was afraid
that he was going to spy
962
00:49:36,280 --> 00:49:38,410
for the Brits again.
963
00:49:38,410 --> 00:49:40,490
They were afraid that he might declare
964
00:49:40,490 --> 00:49:43,320
that he wants to go back, I think.
965
00:49:44,170 --> 00:49:47,580
This is the main menace, the main threat.
966
00:49:49,130 --> 00:49:50,570
- [Voiceover] To reduce that threat,
967
00:49:50,570 --> 00:49:53,970
they allowed his family
to come and see him.
968
00:49:53,970 --> 00:49:56,960
Visiting Russia was rare in those days.
969
00:49:56,960 --> 00:49:58,750
- You'd go to the embassy and say,
970
00:49:58,750 --> 00:50:02,500
there's a visa been arranged
for me by my father.
971
00:50:02,500 --> 00:50:03,490
Where does he live?
972
00:50:03,490 --> 00:50:04,640
I don't know.
973
00:50:04,640 --> 00:50:05,630
What does he do?
974
00:50:05,630 --> 00:50:06,950
I don't know.
975
00:50:06,950 --> 00:50:10,090
And this woman, on one occasion,
was getting very ratty,
976
00:50:10,090 --> 00:50:13,140
so I leant forward, looking
round quite carefully,
977
00:50:13,140 --> 00:50:16,350
and I said, "He works for the KGB."
978
00:50:16,350 --> 00:50:19,520
She scuttled off, and we got our visa.
979
00:50:21,310 --> 00:50:24,910
- Josephine came rather regularly,
980
00:50:24,910 --> 00:50:26,930
but the relationship with Eleanor,
981
00:50:26,930 --> 00:50:30,010
so fond in Beirut, withered in the gloom
982
00:50:30,010 --> 00:50:31,670
of the Soviet Union.
983
00:50:33,340 --> 00:50:36,770
- I think her stay in
Russia was not a success.
984
00:50:36,770 --> 00:50:39,390
For one thing, she never
learned enough Russian
985
00:50:39,390 --> 00:50:43,560
even to be able to read the
names of metro stations.
986
00:50:48,000 --> 00:50:51,580
I think she became a
sort of burden to him.
987
00:50:54,380 --> 00:50:56,240
- I don't really blame
her for not liking it,
988
00:50:56,240 --> 00:50:58,060
and I think she was absolutely horrified
989
00:50:58,060 --> 00:51:00,000
at what Dad had done, and I don't think
990
00:51:00,000 --> 00:51:02,730
she had had any clue 'cause otherwise,
991
00:51:02,730 --> 00:51:06,030
she could have coped with it better.
992
00:51:06,030 --> 00:51:07,860
- [Voiceover] His university
friend Guy Burgess
993
00:51:07,860 --> 00:51:10,920
had died a few months
after Philby's arrival.
994
00:51:10,920 --> 00:51:14,730
He was never allowed to see him again.
995
00:51:14,730 --> 00:51:17,200
A morose Donald Maclean
and his wife Melinda
996
00:51:17,200 --> 00:51:21,190
were practically the limit
of their social circle.
997
00:51:21,190 --> 00:51:24,850
The once loved Eleanor
simply didn't fit in.
998
00:51:28,700 --> 00:51:30,730
- He, in fact, I think,
wanted to get rid of her,
999
00:51:30,730 --> 00:51:33,820
and I think started an
affair with Melinda Maclean,
1000
00:51:33,820 --> 00:51:36,780
which eventually of course drove her out.
1001
00:51:36,780 --> 00:51:39,340
- She once said, "What's more
important- me or the party?"
1002
00:51:39,340 --> 00:51:40,940
And he said, "Don't be silly, the Party."
1003
00:51:40,940 --> 00:51:43,910
That did not go down well.
1004
00:51:43,910 --> 00:51:48,080
And probably he might've
said that to all of us too.
1005
00:51:49,620 --> 00:51:51,790
That's the way he thought.
1006
00:51:55,620 --> 00:51:58,170
- [Voiceover] Nicholas
Elliott's brief trip to Beirut
1007
00:51:58,170 --> 00:52:00,600
had turned decided septic.
1008
00:52:00,600 --> 00:52:03,650
The public were asking
if Philby was a traitor,
1009
00:52:03,650 --> 00:52:06,310
why hadn't he been arrested?
1010
00:52:06,310 --> 00:52:07,580
As with everything else,
1011
00:52:07,580 --> 00:52:10,000
there were theories, not answers.
1012
00:52:10,000 --> 00:52:14,170
I'm convinced that this was
a plot by White, Hollis,
1013
00:52:15,260 --> 00:52:17,160
and anybody else including Nicholas,
1014
00:52:17,160 --> 00:52:19,710
who might be interested to induce Philby
1015
00:52:19,710 --> 00:52:21,210
to get the hell out of it
1016
00:52:21,210 --> 00:52:22,760
because the last thing they wanted
1017
00:52:22,760 --> 00:52:25,820
was any kind of trial in England.
1018
00:52:25,820 --> 00:52:29,040
- There were people who said
this is a disaster, you know,
1019
00:52:29,040 --> 00:52:31,360
and we ought to be ashamed of ourselves
1020
00:52:31,360 --> 00:52:33,310
letting him go like that.
1021
00:52:33,310 --> 00:52:35,060
We should've roped him a lot earlier,
1022
00:52:35,060 --> 00:52:37,120
and put him in prison where he belongs.
1023
00:52:37,120 --> 00:52:39,200
But I think an awful lot of people,
1024
00:52:39,200 --> 00:52:42,460
certainly I thought, you know,
1025
00:52:42,460 --> 00:52:44,450
thank God he's buggered off.
1026
00:52:44,450 --> 00:52:48,200
We shan't be troubled with him again.
1027
00:52:48,200 --> 00:52:49,780
- [Voiceover] If that
was a deliberate plan,
1028
00:52:49,780 --> 00:52:54,420
some key people don't seem
to have been party to it.
1029
00:52:54,420 --> 00:52:58,310
- The whole defection is a catastrophe.
1030
00:52:58,310 --> 00:53:02,620
The security service emphatically
had never contemplated
1031
00:53:02,620 --> 00:53:05,880
that Philby would take
that course of action.
1032
00:53:05,880 --> 00:53:08,610
That was simply not on the agenda.
1033
00:53:08,610 --> 00:53:10,770
- Could be just incompetence.
1034
00:53:10,770 --> 00:53:13,520
Never underrate that possibility.
1035
00:53:18,930 --> 00:53:21,720
- [Voiceover] To MI5,
incompetence had been the hallmark
1036
00:53:21,720 --> 00:53:24,130
of the whole operation.
1037
00:53:24,130 --> 00:53:26,790
- There was great frustration
1038
00:53:26,790 --> 00:53:29,350
that this was the Secret
Intelligence Service
1039
00:53:29,350 --> 00:53:33,520
who had taken over quite a
sophisticated detailed operation
1040
00:53:36,380 --> 00:53:40,550
and planned interview, and
that they had bungled it.
1041
00:53:46,150 --> 00:53:47,170
- [Voiceover] In the first place,
1042
00:53:47,170 --> 00:53:48,850
if there had been a confession,
1043
00:53:48,850 --> 00:53:51,520
the recording of it was useless.
1044
00:53:53,450 --> 00:53:55,370
- Since none of them were technicians
1045
00:53:55,370 --> 00:53:56,720
and because it was a very hot day,
1046
00:53:56,720 --> 00:53:59,350
the window had been left over,
1047
00:53:59,350 --> 00:54:02,600
and when the recording was played back.
1048
00:54:03,720 --> 00:54:07,640
- The noise of the traffic
outside was so great
1049
00:54:09,040 --> 00:54:11,840
you couldn't hear a thing on it.
1050
00:54:11,840 --> 00:54:14,930
He was a great fellow for
making a hash of everything
1051
00:54:14,930 --> 00:54:17,600
but always getting away with it.
1052
00:54:19,070 --> 00:54:20,510
- [Voiceover] And the
typewritten confession
1053
00:54:20,510 --> 00:54:24,110
Elliott got from Philby
caused even more problems.
1054
00:54:24,110 --> 00:54:27,360
- When that document
was examined in London,
1055
00:54:27,360 --> 00:54:30,930
it became clear that it was worthless,
1056
00:54:30,930 --> 00:54:34,400
but it was very skillfully crafted,
1057
00:54:34,400 --> 00:54:37,270
and the view was that this was not
1058
00:54:37,270 --> 00:54:41,190
a spontaneous reaction
to an offer of immunity,
1059
00:54:42,220 --> 00:54:46,950
that it had been built up
over quite a long period,
1060
00:54:46,950 --> 00:54:51,130
that a lot of thought and
planning had gone into it.
1061
00:54:51,130 --> 00:54:53,120
- [Voiceover] By, of course, the KGB.
1062
00:54:53,120 --> 00:54:55,840
- All this was coordinated with Russians.
1063
00:54:55,840 --> 00:54:59,440
It was a game played
by Philby with Elliott,
1064
00:54:59,440 --> 00:55:00,860
and nothing else.
1065
00:55:01,840 --> 00:55:06,450
It was a game to get as much
information as possible,
1066
00:55:06,450 --> 00:55:08,820
to take the right decision.
1067
00:55:08,820 --> 00:55:11,230
- [Voiceover] Whether that's
just KGB propaganda or not,
1068
00:55:11,230 --> 00:55:12,830
it was pretty much the conclusion
1069
00:55:12,830 --> 00:55:15,700
that the bosses in London came to.
1070
00:55:15,700 --> 00:55:19,070
- This was fairly good
evidence that Kim Philby
1071
00:55:19,070 --> 00:55:23,180
had been expecting an
immunity from prosecution,
1072
00:55:23,180 --> 00:55:26,490
and that the approach that had
been made by Nicholas Elliott
1073
00:55:26,490 --> 00:55:29,990
had been anticipated because of a tip off.
1074
00:55:33,800 --> 00:55:35,890
- [Voiceover] The whole
episode was a lethal blow
1075
00:55:35,890 --> 00:55:38,180
to the values and attitudes
which had underpinned
1076
00:55:38,180 --> 00:55:39,980
the Secret Intelligence Service
1077
00:55:39,980 --> 00:55:42,620
for more than a generation.
1078
00:55:42,620 --> 00:55:44,790
Whoever had warned Philby in advance,
1079
00:55:44,790 --> 00:55:47,480
it was clear that good
breeding and good manners
1080
00:55:47,480 --> 00:55:51,410
were no guarantee of
loyalty to the nation.
1081
00:55:51,410 --> 00:55:55,460
- The entire case of the
Cambridge spies was reopened
1082
00:55:55,460 --> 00:55:57,540
as a major investigation,
1083
00:55:59,000 --> 00:56:03,160
and there was a pursuit of
a likely mole within MI5.
1084
00:56:07,170 --> 00:56:08,670
- It infected SIS,
1085
00:56:10,260 --> 00:56:11,860
the whole British
intelligence establishment,
1086
00:56:11,860 --> 00:56:13,190
with a paranoia.
1087
00:56:14,210 --> 00:56:16,780
In fact, they devoted the next 20 years
1088
00:56:16,780 --> 00:56:19,860
to the wasteful pursuit of fellow officers
1089
00:56:19,860 --> 00:56:21,790
that they considered might be spies,
1090
00:56:21,790 --> 00:56:23,540
might be in the Philby mold.
1091
00:56:23,540 --> 00:56:26,040
(sirens wail)
1092
00:56:32,700 --> 00:56:35,360
♫ Sing something simple
1093
00:56:35,360 --> 00:56:40,240
♫ As care goes by ♫
1094
00:56:40,240 --> 00:56:43,600
- [Voiceover] The Philby
mold was now a sorry sight.
1095
00:56:43,600 --> 00:56:46,170
Isolated, unemployed, and unhappy,
1096
00:56:46,170 --> 00:56:49,500
he might just as well have been in jail.
1097
00:56:50,620 --> 00:56:52,910
What perked him up was
another embarrassment
1098
00:56:52,910 --> 00:56:54,160
to the British.
1099
00:56:56,250 --> 00:56:57,470
- [Voiceover] Blake
was completely missing.
1100
00:56:57,470 --> 00:56:58,950
There was a search
immediately with police dogs.
1101
00:56:58,950 --> 00:57:00,690
Prison officers examined the wall
1102
00:57:00,690 --> 00:57:02,770
and found a nylon ladder.
1103
00:57:07,170 --> 00:57:08,530
- [Voiceover] Four years before,
1104
00:57:08,530 --> 00:57:10,670
the man who'd escaped
had been studying Arabic,
1105
00:57:10,670 --> 00:57:14,180
at the so-called school for spies.
1106
00:57:14,180 --> 00:57:18,060
Like Philby, George Blake was a KGB agent
1107
00:57:18,060 --> 00:57:21,520
who got a job inside British intelligence.
1108
00:57:21,520 --> 00:57:23,340
No immunity offer for him.
1109
00:57:23,340 --> 00:57:25,860
He was lured back to London, put on trial,
1110
00:57:25,860 --> 00:57:28,690
and sentenced to 42 years in jail.
1111
00:57:31,470 --> 00:57:35,000
In Moscow, the two spies became friends.
1112
00:57:35,000 --> 00:57:36,340
By then, Philby was said to be
1113
00:57:36,340 --> 00:57:39,590
drinking himself towards death.
1114
00:57:39,590 --> 00:57:42,740
- Though he was under
protection of our directorate,
1115
00:57:42,740 --> 00:57:46,260
they couldn't prevent him from drinking.
1116
00:57:46,260 --> 00:57:48,760
And they decided to marry him.
1117
00:57:49,810 --> 00:57:52,640
Well, and Blake ask his wife, Ida,
1118
00:57:55,550 --> 00:57:58,880
to get Kim acquainted to some good girl,
1119
00:58:00,640 --> 00:58:04,560
and by some chance, Ida
was a friend of Rufina.
1120
00:58:06,180 --> 00:58:08,080
- [Voiceover] Philby was
invited to join Rufina
1121
00:58:08,080 --> 00:58:11,510
on a blind date to go
to an ice dancing show
1122
00:58:11,510 --> 00:58:13,510
at the Luzhniki Stadium.
1123
00:58:16,110 --> 00:58:19,610
Drink hadn't dulled his taste for romance.
1124
00:58:37,680 --> 00:58:38,900
- And to tell you frankly,
1125
00:58:38,900 --> 00:58:41,250
Rufina is a very charming, very beautiful,
1126
00:58:41,250 --> 00:58:44,420
and very clever woman, who by the way,
1127
00:58:45,430 --> 00:58:48,510
knew English quite well to be a wife.
1128
00:58:54,420 --> 00:58:55,250
- [Voiceover] This flat became,
1129
00:58:55,250 --> 00:58:58,500
he said, his island on the sixth floor.
1130
00:58:59,620 --> 00:59:04,430
It's still stuffed with relics
of an Englishman in exile.
1131
00:59:04,430 --> 00:59:06,760
This shelf is all about him.
1132
00:59:07,630 --> 00:59:12,440
English books written about
the Cambridge Five and so on.
1133
00:59:12,440 --> 00:59:15,880
Obviously very fond of Dick Francis,
1134
00:59:15,880 --> 00:59:18,300
and up there, P.G. Wodehouse,
1135
00:59:19,260 --> 00:59:21,940
the complete collection it looks.
1136
00:59:21,940 --> 00:59:25,520
(classical music on radio)
1137
00:59:29,540 --> 00:59:31,250
The radio was his lifeline
1138
00:59:31,250 --> 00:59:35,100
as he settled into the
routines of a domestic life.
1139
00:59:35,100 --> 00:59:37,490
- [Voiceover] This is London calling.
1140
00:59:37,490 --> 00:59:41,410
- [Voiceover] But one
thing didn't change much.
1141
01:00:06,390 --> 01:00:08,480
His children told me he missed kippers,
1142
01:00:08,480 --> 01:00:12,230
marmalade, English
mustard, and good whiskey.
1143
01:00:25,360 --> 01:00:28,860
♫ We'll sing the old songs
1144
01:00:28,860 --> 01:00:32,920
♫ Like you used to do ♫
1145
01:00:32,920 --> 01:00:36,400
Rufina told me how he hated
her leaving his sight,
1146
01:00:36,400 --> 01:00:39,730
even to go see friends for he afternoon.
1147
01:00:54,880 --> 01:00:58,450
He became almost
childishly devoted to her.
1148
01:00:58,450 --> 01:01:01,790
The hardened master spy in need of love.
1149
01:01:32,600 --> 01:01:36,070
His isolated existence meant
that the Moscow out there
1150
01:01:36,070 --> 01:01:39,290
was not something he saw too much of,
1151
01:01:39,290 --> 01:01:41,020
but he wasn't blind to
the failures of the cause
1152
01:01:41,020 --> 01:01:43,840
he'd committed his life to.
1153
01:01:43,840 --> 01:01:48,210
♫ A room with a view ♫
1154
01:01:48,210 --> 01:01:51,930
- He saw that the life here
was not a paradise at all.
1155
01:01:51,930 --> 01:01:54,740
He saw the secretiveness of life,
1156
01:01:54,740 --> 01:01:57,080
he saw the power of the KGB,
1157
01:01:58,320 --> 01:02:01,150
he saw the absence of the freedom.
1158
01:02:03,300 --> 01:02:04,260
- [Voiceover] Solzhenitsyn spent much
1159
01:02:04,260 --> 01:02:05,710
of his first day in banishment
1160
01:02:05,710 --> 01:02:08,010
under siege by the world's press.
1161
01:02:08,010 --> 01:02:11,530
- I remember after a good
bottle of scotch he said,
1162
01:02:11,530 --> 01:02:16,370
"Why are you expelling
Solzhenitsyn from Russia?"
1163
01:02:16,370 --> 01:02:20,530
I told him, "Look, Kim, I am
not responsible for this."
1164
01:02:21,840 --> 01:02:24,730
"No," he said, "You are responsible!
1165
01:02:24,730 --> 01:02:26,970
You are responsible for this too,
1166
01:02:26,970 --> 01:02:29,250
and I'm responsible too."
1167
01:02:29,250 --> 01:02:32,160
So he was disillusioned, of course.
1168
01:02:35,310 --> 01:02:36,690
- [Voiceover] As the years rolled by,
1169
01:02:36,690 --> 01:02:38,160
he did venture out more often
1170
01:02:38,160 --> 01:02:41,580
and went on holidays
around the Soviet empire,
1171
01:02:41,580 --> 01:02:44,190
but contact with the life he left behind
1172
01:02:44,190 --> 01:02:45,630
was a rare treat.
1173
01:02:45,630 --> 01:02:49,040
- My wife spotted him, we
were just sitting down,
1174
01:02:49,040 --> 01:02:51,480
and she spotted him sitting with his wife
1175
01:02:51,480 --> 01:02:53,150
just across from us.
1176
01:02:54,480 --> 01:02:57,960
I went up to him in the first interval,
1177
01:02:57,960 --> 01:03:00,190
and he sort of, I tapped
him on the shoulder,
1178
01:03:00,190 --> 01:03:03,020
and he swished round, and he said,
1179
01:03:04,380 --> 01:03:07,800
"As I live and breathe,
Dick Beeston and Moira!"
1180
01:03:07,800 --> 01:03:11,410
That sort of, I always
remember that phrase,
1181
01:03:11,410 --> 01:03:14,940
and immediately looked
delighted to see us.
1182
01:03:14,940 --> 01:03:16,590
Kim said, "How do you like it here?"
1183
01:03:16,590 --> 01:03:18,410
I said, "We've been here six months,
1184
01:03:18,410 --> 01:03:20,340
and we're having a very difficult time."
1185
01:03:20,340 --> 01:03:21,800
He said, "Six months?
1186
01:03:21,800 --> 01:03:24,860
I've been here, I think it was 16 years."
1187
01:03:24,860 --> 01:03:28,030
(fireworks exploding)
1188
01:03:33,320 --> 01:03:35,220
- [Voiceover] The
uncomfortable truth for Philby
1189
01:03:35,220 --> 01:03:36,820
was that his value to Russia
1190
01:03:36,820 --> 01:03:40,290
was more symbolic than personal.
1191
01:03:40,290 --> 01:03:42,340
KGB suspicion faded.
1192
01:03:42,340 --> 01:03:44,640
They listened occasionally to his advice
1193
01:03:44,640 --> 01:03:47,910
about the workings of British society,
1194
01:03:47,910 --> 01:03:49,700
but what mattered much more to them
1195
01:03:49,700 --> 01:03:52,340
was that this old man was a living example
1196
01:03:52,340 --> 01:03:54,590
of a signal victory over the West
1197
01:03:54,590 --> 01:03:58,760
at a time when the skids were
under the socialist dream.
1198
01:04:02,910 --> 01:04:05,330
A biography of Philby
was published recently
1199
01:04:05,330 --> 01:04:06,950
in a Russian series called
1200
01:04:06,950 --> 01:04:09,410
"The Lives of Remarkable People."
1201
01:04:09,410 --> 01:04:11,200
It was written by a trusted journalist
1202
01:04:11,200 --> 01:04:13,280
called Nikolai Dolgopolov.
1203
01:04:13,280 --> 01:04:16,280
- [Nikolai] He is here with
Marcus Wolf from Germany.
1204
01:04:16,280 --> 01:04:20,120
- [Voiceover] He never met
Philby but came to this verdict.
1205
01:04:20,120 --> 01:04:21,540
- He was a kind of an icon,
1206
01:04:21,540 --> 01:04:24,710
especially in this difficult field
1207
01:04:24,710 --> 01:04:27,880
of human activity called intelligence.
1208
01:04:29,270 --> 01:04:32,350
Maybe he was one of the greatest
1209
01:04:32,350 --> 01:04:35,400
and remained one of the greatest
1210
01:04:35,400 --> 01:04:39,480
because of his 100%
devotion to the country.
1211
01:04:41,690 --> 01:04:43,360
- [Voiceover] Nevertheless,
it was 14 years
1212
01:04:43,360 --> 01:04:46,140
before the KGB allowed that icon
1213
01:04:46,140 --> 01:04:49,240
even to visit the secret center
1214
01:04:49,240 --> 01:04:52,460
of their foreign intelligence service.
1215
01:04:52,460 --> 01:04:55,210
(dramatic music)
1216
01:04:57,580 --> 01:04:59,650
His job that day, to give a masterclass
1217
01:04:59,650 --> 01:05:03,810
to the assembled spies on
how to survive in the field.
1218
01:05:10,050 --> 01:05:13,970
- He started the whole
thing in a very British way,
1219
01:05:13,970 --> 01:05:14,970
with a joke.
1220
01:05:16,300 --> 01:05:17,130
- [Voiceover] That he'd been
1221
01:05:17,130 --> 01:05:19,960
to many many intelligence
services in the world.
1222
01:05:19,960 --> 01:05:23,630
- But for the first
time, he got to his own!
1223
01:05:25,480 --> 01:05:28,430
- [Voiceover] He had a tip
for them about interrogations.
1224
01:05:28,430 --> 01:05:31,210
If ever you get hauled
in, whatever the evidence,
1225
01:05:31,210 --> 01:05:34,240
never admit any connection
with Soviet intelligence,
1226
01:05:34,240 --> 01:05:38,160
and never sign a document
implicating yourself.
1227
01:05:39,440 --> 01:05:41,140
So was that a joke too?
1228
01:05:41,140 --> 01:05:42,900
Telling them to do precisely the opposite
1229
01:05:42,900 --> 01:05:45,330
of what he'd done in Beirut,
1230
01:05:45,330 --> 01:05:48,830
or was it a message to the friends in MI6?
1231
01:05:50,070 --> 01:05:52,370
Once the news of his defection was public,
1232
01:05:52,370 --> 01:05:54,930
they'd started leaking
the confession story
1233
01:05:54,930 --> 01:05:57,550
to take the curse off letting him go,
1234
01:05:57,550 --> 01:05:59,390
but years later, Elliott may have let
1235
01:05:59,390 --> 01:06:01,970
a different cat out of the bag.
1236
01:06:04,120 --> 01:06:06,380
This was the question he was asked,
1237
01:06:06,380 --> 01:06:08,060
and this was his answer.
1238
01:06:08,060 --> 01:06:10,430
- Well gentlemen, the
circumstantial evidence against me
1239
01:06:10,430 --> 01:06:12,760
is very strong, I know
one thing you don't know.
1240
01:06:12,760 --> 01:06:15,600
I am not and never have been a KGB agent,
1241
01:06:15,600 --> 01:06:18,610
so there is no point in talking
about the matter anymore.
1242
01:06:18,610 --> 01:06:22,320
And provided the person
keeps his or her nerve,
1243
01:06:22,320 --> 01:06:23,800
they will be all right.
1244
01:06:23,800 --> 01:06:26,290
George Blake lost his
nerve at the last moment.
1245
01:06:26,290 --> 01:06:27,280
- And that's what gave him away?
1246
01:06:27,280 --> 01:06:28,280
- That's what gave him away.
1247
01:06:28,280 --> 01:06:31,350
Kim Philby didn't lose his nerve
1248
01:06:31,350 --> 01:06:34,190
when he was interrogated in 1951,
1249
01:06:34,190 --> 01:06:35,320
- [Voiceover] But Elliott hadn't attended
1250
01:06:35,320 --> 01:06:37,150
the '51 interrogation.
1251
01:06:38,570 --> 01:06:41,600
Was he reliving his
own encounter in Beirut
1252
01:06:41,600 --> 01:06:44,260
until he remembered the official line?
1253
01:06:44,260 --> 01:06:46,820
- Philby didn't lose his nerve
1254
01:06:46,820 --> 01:06:49,570
when he was interrogated in 1951.
1255
01:06:53,280 --> 01:06:55,430
- [Voiceover] It's not
surprising we can't be sure.
1256
01:06:55,430 --> 01:06:59,430
Spies of all stripes
shield the truth with lies.
1257
01:07:03,170 --> 01:07:06,200
Philby's own version was evasive.
1258
01:07:06,200 --> 01:07:09,880
Probably he did give
Elliott something, but what?
1259
01:07:09,880 --> 01:07:14,050
- One of the mysteries of
the Beirut confrontation.
1260
01:07:16,810 --> 01:07:18,240
- [Voiceover] 50 years have passed
1261
01:07:18,240 --> 01:07:20,740
and still they keep it secret.
1262
01:07:21,590 --> 01:07:23,320
- It's really deeply embarrassing.
1263
01:07:23,320 --> 01:07:25,030
They're only human beings.
1264
01:07:25,030 --> 01:07:27,330
You can't expect them to announce
1265
01:07:27,330 --> 01:07:30,090
that they made fools of
themselves for so long.
1266
01:07:30,090 --> 01:07:31,990
- Everything that happened
happened so long ago
1267
01:07:31,990 --> 01:07:34,330
that it's time it was told,
1268
01:07:34,330 --> 01:07:36,330
and the lessons learned.
1269
01:07:37,710 --> 01:07:39,110
- [Voiceover] But don't bank on it.
1270
01:07:39,110 --> 01:07:41,130
One unglamorous possibility
1271
01:07:41,130 --> 01:07:43,690
is that the evidence, embarrassing or not,
1272
01:07:43,690 --> 01:07:45,860
no longer exists.
1273
01:07:45,860 --> 01:07:47,860
- I think that's perfectly possible.
1274
01:07:47,860 --> 01:07:52,610
There is a common complaint
from the very few people
1275
01:07:52,610 --> 01:07:56,690
who are aware of what
is in SIS's registry.
1276
01:07:56,690 --> 01:08:01,240
The common complaint is
there's nothing there.
1277
01:08:01,240 --> 01:08:03,710
- [Voiceover] But there
is a bigger barrier.
1278
01:08:03,710 --> 01:08:05,720
Spies may have good causes,
1279
01:08:05,720 --> 01:08:09,910
but few things they do
could be called good.
1280
01:08:09,910 --> 01:08:11,640
They want to know our secrets
1281
01:08:11,640 --> 01:08:14,890
but don't want us to know theirs, ever.
1282
01:08:15,900 --> 01:08:18,540
- What the Secret Intelligence
Service does, frankly,
1283
01:08:18,540 --> 01:08:21,840
is employ case officers who are skilled
1284
01:08:21,840 --> 01:08:24,270
at persuading people to betray,
1285
01:08:24,270 --> 01:08:26,920
to betray their family, their
friends, their nationality,
1286
01:08:26,920 --> 01:08:29,610
and therefore, if you wish to continue
1287
01:08:29,610 --> 01:08:33,380
in the clandestine information
collection business,
1288
01:08:33,380 --> 01:08:36,580
you are going to have say some material
1289
01:08:36,580 --> 01:08:39,560
is never going to be disclosed.
1290
01:08:39,560 --> 01:08:42,230
(funeral march)
1291
01:08:47,460 --> 01:08:49,950
- [Voiceover] In death,
the KGB piled on the praise
1292
01:08:49,950 --> 01:08:54,760
for the man they had persuaded
to betray his country.
1293
01:08:54,760 --> 01:08:57,060
There was George Blake among the stream
1294
01:08:57,060 --> 01:09:00,690
of top KGB officers, as the
Englishman they'd once left
1295
01:09:00,690 --> 01:09:03,130
to drink himself close to oblivion
1296
01:09:03,130 --> 01:09:07,040
was recast as a hero of
the dying Soviet Union.
1297
01:09:07,920 --> 01:09:10,130
- We were sort of in a pew, as it were,
1298
01:09:10,130 --> 01:09:12,840
and all the sort of mourners
were going round and round.
1299
01:09:12,840 --> 01:09:15,240
All of the people in Moscow paying homage.
1300
01:09:15,240 --> 01:09:19,530
It was an horrific occasion, I found that.
1301
01:09:19,530 --> 01:09:21,380
Well it was an open coffin!
1302
01:09:21,380 --> 01:09:23,380
I mean, you now, it was.
1303
01:09:27,870 --> 01:09:29,270
It's just not my scene at all.
1304
01:09:29,270 --> 01:09:31,410
I just can't bear that.
1305
01:09:31,410 --> 01:09:35,350
I loved him dearly, but I
wasn't going to kiss his body.
1306
01:09:35,350 --> 01:09:36,690
- He was a romantic.
1307
01:09:36,690 --> 01:09:37,970
He was a romantic
1308
01:09:37,970 --> 01:09:40,220
He really believed in Marx,
1309
01:09:42,360 --> 01:09:46,530
not officially like Brezhnev
for instance, "We're Marxists!"
1310
01:09:47,610 --> 01:09:52,130
and so on, but he really,
it was part of his life,
1311
01:09:52,130 --> 01:09:56,300
and he fought for Communism
all his life since Cambridge.
1312
01:09:59,490 --> 01:10:03,570
- Suddenly these four men
in gumboots, dungarees,
1313
01:10:04,480 --> 01:10:08,350
and big brown aprons came up
with their hammers and nails,
1314
01:10:08,350 --> 01:10:10,600
and nailed the coffin down,
1315
01:10:12,030 --> 01:10:15,880
and he was buried, and
then they had a gun salute,
1316
01:10:15,880 --> 01:10:17,730
and that was quite special.
1317
01:10:17,730 --> 01:10:20,410
That end bit was the best bit
1318
01:10:20,410 --> 01:10:21,840
as far as we were concerned.
1319
01:10:21,840 --> 01:10:24,260
(gun firing)
1320
01:10:26,730 --> 01:10:29,980
- [Voiceover] He still divides opinion.
1321
01:10:31,800 --> 01:10:34,350
Does his hatred of fascism in the '30s
1322
01:10:34,350 --> 01:10:36,760
excuse the betrayal of his countrymen
1323
01:10:36,760 --> 01:10:41,350
or lessen the blame for the
deaths he may have caused?
1324
01:10:41,350 --> 01:10:43,120
- He was a British citizen,
1325
01:10:43,120 --> 01:10:45,580
and he betrayed British secrets.
1326
01:10:45,580 --> 01:10:47,580
However marvelous he
thought the reason was,
1327
01:10:47,580 --> 01:10:50,200
it still doesn't excuse him in the law,
1328
01:10:50,200 --> 01:10:53,780
so he was, by proper
definition, a traitor.
1329
01:10:54,640 --> 01:10:56,690
There's no other way of describing him.
1330
01:10:56,690 --> 01:10:59,750
- I think he was almost sort
of two people in a strange way.
1331
01:10:59,750 --> 01:11:03,020
He did actually feel quite
strongly about friendships
1332
01:11:03,020 --> 01:11:05,720
on one side, and on the
other side, of course,
1333
01:11:05,720 --> 01:11:08,170
he was a sort of desperate traitor
1334
01:11:08,170 --> 01:11:12,330
who would betray his family
or his friends if necessary.
1335
01:11:13,230 --> 01:11:15,110
- He said, "To betray,
you have to first belong,
1336
01:11:15,110 --> 01:11:18,400
and I didn't belong, I never belonged.
1337
01:11:18,400 --> 01:11:21,500
I was a straight
penetration agent," he said,
1338
01:11:21,500 --> 01:11:23,600
and if the other side, in
other words the British,
1339
01:11:23,600 --> 01:11:26,530
were foolish enough to believe my spiel,
1340
01:11:26,530 --> 01:11:28,340
then that's on them.
1341
01:11:28,340 --> 01:11:30,920
It was their failure, not mine.
99608
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