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this video is just to show
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that a numerical age is just a tip of the iceberg
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and an age is actually the result
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of a long and complex analytical procedure
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so we are going to show you here
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how we date a sample with the
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is our method
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the goal of this procedure
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is to try to estimate the radiation
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those absorbed by the NML layer
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during the jurgical time
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so since the death of the organism
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a few keys here to understand uh
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what I'm going to to tell um
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to mention later on
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is that ESR stands for electron spin resonance
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which is a spectoscopic analytical technique
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that looks at prominitic properties of materials
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so first we're going to show you uh
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the stand up procedure
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uh in yesterdayting of facilities
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first we try to cut a piece of the tooth
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and then we extract the different dental tissues
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the tooth is made by several dental tissues
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the enamel but they're so dentine
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and sometimes just cement
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so we need to extract them
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and then we need to clean the enamel layer
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on both sides using a dentist drill
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we measure the thickness of the layer
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before and after cleaning
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once this is done
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we powder the enamel
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and we save it below two hundred uh
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micrometers
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so at the end of the supper preparation
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we have each dental tissue
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separated in a different veil
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and the enamel powder
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so the enamel powder is divided in various liquids
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which are subsempers of the same weight
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the samples are carefully weighed in small tubes
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before irradiation
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each liquid is going to be irradiated at
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increasing those
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the idea is to understand the behavior
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of the supper with the irridation
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so after the irredation
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the liquids are carefully weighed in quartz tubes
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for ESR measurements
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each tube is placed in a resonator
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as you can see here
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this is this small metal box that is located between uh
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the two magnets
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so a microwave is produced by a bridge
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and sent to the resonator
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while the magnets produce magnetic field
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for each tube
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we recalled an ESR signal
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this is the radiation induced ESR signal
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that is measured for one tube
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the intensity of the signal is directly dependent
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on the dose that has been absorbed by the sample
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however there is also a more advanced procedure
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that has been specifically designed
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to minimize the damage caused to the teeth
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this is essential
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when we work on highly valuable samples
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like human facilities
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you can see here an example on this fossil Mandeville
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where we took a piece of enamel from this tooth
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that we analysed with ESR and uranium series
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and then we glued it back to the tooth
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in its original position
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there is no visible damage
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so the procedure here is slightly different
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compared with the standout approach
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once we receive the tooth
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we take a few picture of it
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and then extract a piece of enamel
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we then again must clean the enamel
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in order to remove any kind of contamination from
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the adjacent dental tissues
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once we have a piece of enamel
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we measure its thickness
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then we must prepare a simple holder for the ESM
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measurements
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so we use a tefral holder
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in which we melt a piece of perfume
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we leave it in the oven for a few minutes
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in order to slightly melt it
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and once the perfume is cooler
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it becomes harder and saves the shape of the fragment
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the objective of this procedure is to make sure
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that the fragment will be systematically measured
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in the exact same position
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then the sample is fixed at the bottom of a quad tube
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and measure
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the main difference here
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is that we have only one fragment
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so one adequate
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which means that we need to successively measure
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the fragment and then irradiate it
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this is a single adequate procedure
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so with the animal powder
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we use the multiplayer liquidity
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if those method
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which consists of dividing the powder in
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by use sub samples that are going to be irrigated
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increasing those values
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this is impossible with anemic fragment
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so we use the single adequate procedure
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which consists of successively measuring with the s R
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and irridating the same fragment
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