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{\an8}>> Man: I REMEMBER THE GERMANS
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{\an8}CAME.
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{\an8}>> THE MOB WAS SCREAMING BLOODY
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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX
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{\an8}MURDER.
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{\an8}"KILL THE JEWS."
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{\an8}>> WE WERE HIDING IN THE CELLAR.
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{\an8}>> THEY...
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{\an8}BROKE INTO THE STORE
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{\an8}AND WERE LOOTING.
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{\an8}>> WE WENT DOWNSTAIRS AFTER THEY
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{\an8}LEFT, AND THERE WAS NOTHING
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{\an8}LEFT.
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{\an8}>> I STILL HAVE NIGHTMARES TO
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{\an8}THIS DAY.
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{\an8}>> WE APPARENTLY GOT A LETTER
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{\an8}THAT SAID YOU HAVE TO LEAVE
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{\an8}GERMANY.
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{\an8}>> WE WERE THE LAST TRAIN
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{\an8}OUT OF BERLIN.
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{\an8}>> [ SPEAKING GERMAN ]
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{\an8}"WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO US?"
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{\an8}>> Narrator: THEBEST HOPE FOR
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{\an8}JEWS WAS ESCAPE.
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{\an8}MOST OF THE WORLDCLOSED ITS
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{\an8}DOORS, BUT ONE FLEDGLING
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{\an8}NATION, THE PHILIPPINES,
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{\an8}DID NOT.
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{\an8}IN THIS TROPICAL PARADISE
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{\an8}THOUSANDS OF MILESFROM EUROPE,
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{\an8}AN UNLIKELYGROUP OF POKER
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{\an8}PLAYERS WEREPLANNING A RESCUE.
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{\an8}THESE POKER PLAYERS WERE
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{\an8}MANUEL QUEZON,THE COUNTRY'S
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{\an8}NEWLY ELECTED PRESIDENT;
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{\an8}PAUL McNUTT, U.S.
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{\an8}HIGH COMMISSIONER TO
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{\an8}THE PHILIPPINES;
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{\an8}AN AMBITIOUS ARMYCOLONEL NAMED
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{\an8}DWIGHT EISENHOWER;AND FIVE
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{\an8}CIGAR MAKERS FROMCINCINNATI --
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{\an8}THE FRIEDER BROTHERS.
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{\an8}THEY HAD A PLAN,
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{\an8}A PLAN THATWOULD SAVE MORE
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{\an8}THAN 1,300 JEWS FROM NAZI
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{\an8}DEATH CAMPS.
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{\an8}A PLAN FOR A
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{\an8}"RESCUE IN THEPHILIPPINES."
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{\an8}[ GLASS SHATTERS ]
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{\an8}>> Woman: HOW COULD ANYBODY HAVE
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{\an8}KNOWN THAT IT WOULD GET TO BE
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{\an8}WHAT IT DID?
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{\an8}HOW COULD ANYBODY HAVE IMAGINED?
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{\an8}THAT A WHOLE NATION WOULD CLOSE
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{\an8}ITS EYES AND EARS?
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{\an8}AND YET, YOU KNOW WHAT?
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{\an8}I THINK IT COULD HAPPEN
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{\an8}ANYWHERE AGAIN.
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{\an8}>> [ HITLER SPEAKING GERMAN ]
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{\an8}>> BEGINNING IN 1933,
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{\an8}ADOLF HITLER ANDHIS NAZI THUGS
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{\an8}STEADILYTRANSFORMED FIRST
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{\an8}GERMANY, THENMUCH OF EUROPE,
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{\an8}INTO A LIVING NIGHTMARE
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{\an8}FOR JEWS.
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{\an8}>> Woman: THEN IN 1935, THE
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{\an8}NUREMBERG LAWS CAME OUT, WHICH
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{\an8}STRIPPED JEWS OF CITIZENSHIP.
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{\an8}ALL OF THEIR RIGHTS WERE SLOWLY
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{\an8}BEING STRIPPED AWAY.
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{\an8}>> JEWS WERE NOLONGER GERMANS,
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{\an8}EVEN IF THEY HAD FOUGHT
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{\an8}AND BLED FORTHEIR COUNTRY
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{\an8}IN PREVIOUS WARS.
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{\an8}>> MY DAD TOOK ALL HIS MEDALS,
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{\an8}WHICH HAD BEEN FRAMED,
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{\an8}AND TOOK THEM OUTSIDE AND THREW
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{\an8}THEM INTO THE PYRE.
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{\an8}>> JEWISH HOMESWERE INVADED.
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{\an8}>> Woman: I WAS IN
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{\an8}THE CRIB STILL AND...
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{\an8}THE S.S. CAME.
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{\an8}I GUESS I WAS TAKING A NAP.
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{\an8}AND I WOKE UP, AND MY EYE-LEVEL
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{\an8}WAS THEIR BOOTS, THESE SHINY,
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{\an8}SHINY BOOTS.
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{\an8}AND I REMEMBER SCREAMING
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{\an8}MY HEAD OFF.
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{\an8}>> NAZI PROPAGANDAPRESENTED
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{\an8}JEWS AS TRAITORS,KILLERS,
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{\an8}MONSTERS.
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{\an8}>> Man: KIDS CAME AND THREW
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{\an8}STONES AT ME AND CALLED ME
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{\an8}"DIRTY JEW."
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{\an8}>> AND WORSTOF ALL, THEIR
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{\an8}LOVED ONES COULDBE TAKEN AT
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{\an8}ANY MOMENT.
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{\an8}>> Man: THE NAZIS CAME IN,
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{\an8}KNOCKED ON THE DOOR, TOOK MY
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{\an8}FATHER OUT AND PUT HIM
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{\an8}INTO DACHAU.
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{\an8}>> THE VIOLENCE PEAKED IN
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{\an8}NOVEMBER 1938WITH A HIGHLY
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{\an8}ORGANIZED ORGYOF DESTRUCTION
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{\an8}AND TERROR.
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{\an8}IT WASCALLED KRISTALLNACHT
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{\an8}BECAUSE THEGLASS FROM THE
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{\an8}BROKEN WINDOWSGLITTERED IN
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{\an8}THE STREET LIKE CRYSTAL.
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{\an8}>>
- Man:
- KRISTALLNACHT ARRIVED
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{\an8}AND THE S.S. GROUP, S.R. MEN,
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{\an8}CAME TO OUR HOUSE, CAME THROUGH
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{\an8}THE DOOR...
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{\an8}WENT TO THE BATHROOMS AND INTO
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{\an8}THE LIVING ROOM,
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{\an8}DESTROYED EVERYTHING.
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{\an8}>> Hershfield: FOUR OF THEM CAME
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{\an8}IN WITH THE DOGS.
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{\an8}AND I WAS TERRIBLY FRIGHTENED.
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{\an8}I WAS TERRIBLY FRIGHTENED THAT
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{\an8}THEY WOULD TAKE MY DOLLS.
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{\an8}>> I REMEMBER WHEN THEY
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{\an8}BURNED THE TEMPLE.
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{\an8}>> IT WAS ABLAZE
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{\an8}AND SURROUNDED BY THE GERMAN
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{\an8}FIRE DEPARTMENT, WHICH MADE SURE
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{\an8}THAT NONE OF THE NON-JEWISH
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{\an8}HOMES WERE GOING TO BE BURNED.
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{\an8}>> Man: I WAS ASLEEP WHEN
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{\an8}THE S.S...
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{\an8}KNOCKED ON THE DOOR.
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{\an8}AND IN ORDER TO GET OUT,
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{\an8}I WENT BACK INTO MY ROOM,
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{\an8}DRESSED IN THE OLDEST CLOTHES
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{\an8}I HAD, TOOK A STICK,
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{\an8}AND WENT DOWN THE STAIRS
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{\an8}INTO THE HALL WHERE THE MOB WAS
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{\an8}SCREAMING BLOODY MURDER.
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{\an8}AND I TOOK THAT STICK AND BROKE
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{\an8}A FEW, I THINK IT WAS PAINTINGS
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{\an8}OR MIRRORS, MYSELF UNTIL I GOT
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{\an8}TO THE OUT -- TO THE OUTSIDE.
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{\an8}>> THAT NIGHT, MY GRANDMOTHER
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{\an8}AND I WERE ALL BY OURSELVES.
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{\an8}AND, SUDDENLY, STONES CRASHED
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{\an8}THROUGH OUR WINDOWS.
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{\an8}THEN I KNEW THAT THEY WERE
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{\an8}AFTER US.
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{\an8}WE WERE HUNTED.
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{\an8}>> WHEN KRISTALLNACHT WASOVER,
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{\an8}MORE THAN AHUNDRED SYNAGOGS
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{\an8}HAD BURNED.
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{\an8}THOUSANDS OFJEWISH BUSINESSES
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{\an8}WERE DESTROYED,AND TENS OF
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{\an8}THOUSANDS OFJEWS WERE FORCED
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{\an8}INTO CONCENTRATIONCAMPS...
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{\an8}ALL IN THE PASSAGE OF
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{\an8}JUST ONE NIGHT.
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{\an8}DIPLOMATS HELD MEETINGS,
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{\an8}MADE SPEECHES, AND PASSED
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{\an8}RESOLUTIONS...
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{\an8}BUT LITTLE, IFANYTHING, WAS
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{\an8}DONE.
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{\an8}>> Man: EUROPEAN JEWRY IS
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{\an8}REALLY GROUND TO DUST BETWEEN
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{\an8}TWO BIG MILLSTONES.
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{\an8}ONE IS
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{\an8}THE HATEFUL BESTIALITY OF NAZI
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{\an8}GERMANY, AND THE OTHER IS THE
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{\an8}APATHY OF THE GOVERNMENTS
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{\an8}OF THE WORLD.
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{\an8}>> IN ONE COUNTRYHALF A WORLD
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{\an8}AWAY, AN ESCAPEPLAN TO PROVIDE
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{\an8}REFUGE FOR JEWSWAS ALREADY
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{\an8}UNDERWAY.
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{\an8}6,000 MILES FROMBERLIN, THE
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{\an8}PHILIPPINES WASA COUNTRY MOST
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{\an8}EUROPEANS KNEW ONLY FROM
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{\an8}POSTCARDS.
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{\an8}MUCH LIKE THE MOVIE
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{\an8}"CASABLANCA,"PEOPLE LIVED BY
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{\an8}THEIR OWN RULES.
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{\an8}MOTORCARS SHAREDTHE ROADS
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{\an8}WITH HORSE-DRAWN"CARAMATAS."
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{\an8}COCA-COLA COEXISTED WITH
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{\an8}CARABAOS.
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{\an8}AND AT THE LEGENDARY
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{\an8}MANILA HOTEL,THE ELITE COULD
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{\an8}SIT AND SHARE A DRINK IN
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{\an8}AIR-CONDITIONED COMFORT.
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{\an8}FOR CENTURIES, MANILA HAD
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{\an8}WELCOMED REFUGEES.
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{\an8}>> Man: IT WAS REALLY
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{\an8}A FANTASTIC MIX OF
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{\an8}DIFFERENT PEOPLES --
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{\an8}CZECHS, POLES, LATVIANS,
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00:07:22,074 --> 00:07:24,110
{\an8}LEBANESE, MIDDLE EAST --
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{\an8}PEOPLE FROM THE MIDDLE EAST,
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{\an8}INDIANS.
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{\an8}IT WAS A MIXTURE.
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{\an8}AND I THINK THAT WAS ONE THING
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{\an8}THAT MADE MANILA SUCH A
205
00:07:31,284 --> 00:07:33,553
{\an8}COSMOPOLITAN CENTER -- BECAUSE
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{\an8}OF ALL THESE PEOPLE COMING AND
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{\an8}GOING, TRADING, STAYING,
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{\an8}MIXING, INTERMARRYING.
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{\an8}>> THE PHILIPPINESWAS ONCE
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{\an8}A U.S. COLONY.
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{\an8}BUT IN 1935,
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{\an8}PRESIDENT FRANKLINROOSEVELT
213
00:07:45,431 --> 00:07:46,699
{\an8}SIGNED A LAW MAKING IT A
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{\an8}SEMI-INDEPENDENTCOMMONWEALTH,
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{\an8}PROMISING COMPLETEINDEPENDENCE
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{\an8}IN 10 YEARS.
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{\an8}>> SEÑOR QUEZON,
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{\an8}I CONGRATULATE YOU.
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{\an8}ALL OF YOU.
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{\an8}>> MR. PRESIDENT, I WANT TO
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{\an8}EXPRESS TO YOU THE...
222
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{\an8}>> PRESIDENTMANUEL QUEZON WAS
223
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{\an8}DETERMINED HISCOUNTRY WOULD
224
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{\an8}TAKE ITS PLACEAMONG THE GREAT
225
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{\an8}NATIONS OF THE WORLD.
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{\an8}MANUEL LUIS QUEZON WAS A
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{\an8}COMPLEX PERSONWHO MADE A DEEP
228
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{\an8}AND LASTINGIMPRESSION ON HIS
229
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{\an8}COUNTRY.
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{\an8}BORN POOR, HEMOVED INTO THE
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{\an8}WORLD OF WEALTHAND POWER WITH
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{\an8}EASY BRAVADO.
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{\an8}>> Man: HE HAD THE TOTAL
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{\an8}SELF-ASSURANCE THAT HE WAS
235
00:08:23,603 --> 00:08:26,439
{\an8}THE EQUAL OF ANYONE HE FACED.
236
00:08:26,439 --> 00:08:28,875
{\an8}THERE IS A FILIPINO CONCEPT
237
00:08:28,875 --> 00:08:30,376
{\an8}THAT WE CALL THE COLONIAL
238
00:08:30,376 --> 00:08:32,445
{\an8}MENTALITY, THIS IDEA THAT YOU'RE
239
00:08:32,445 --> 00:08:34,213
{\an8}INFERIOR, THAT YOU'RE NEVER
240
00:08:34,213 --> 00:08:35,147
{\an8}QUITE AS GOOD.
241
00:08:35,147 --> 00:08:37,216
{\an8}HE NEVER HAD THAT PROBLEM.
242
00:08:37,216 --> 00:08:38,217
{\an8}>> Woman: HE WAS A SNAPPY
243
00:08:38,217 --> 00:08:40,887
{\an8}DRESSER, YOU KNOW, BUT HE LOVED
244
00:08:40,887 --> 00:08:42,221
{\an8}TO DANCE AND HE LOVED
245
00:08:42,221 --> 00:08:44,690
{\an8}TO PARTY, TOO.
246
00:08:44,690 --> 00:08:46,392
{\an8}>> ONE WRITERSAID, "HE IS FULL
247
00:08:46,392 --> 00:08:48,794
{\an8}OF NERVE AND NERVES.
248
00:08:48,794 --> 00:08:50,029
{\an8}HE IS ONE OF THEWORLD'S BEST
249
00:08:50,029 --> 00:08:51,964
{\an8}BALLROOM DANCERS,ALSO ONE OF
250
00:08:51,964 --> 00:08:53,266
{\an8}THE WORLD'S SUBTLEST AND
251
00:08:53,266 --> 00:08:55,635
{\an8}HARDEST-BOILEDPOLITICIANS.
252
00:08:55,635 --> 00:08:57,637
{\an8}HE LOVES CARDSAND ALCOHOL,
253
00:08:57,637 --> 00:08:59,972
{\an8}AND HE LOVESHIS COUNTRY."
254
00:08:59,972 --> 00:09:02,275
{\an8}MANUEL QUEZON ALSO LOVED
255
00:09:02,275 --> 00:09:03,276
{\an8}THE UNDERDOG.
256
00:09:05,511 --> 00:09:06,512
{\an8}>> Quezon III: A MAN LIKE
257
00:09:06,512 --> 00:09:07,914
{\an8}QUEZON, WHO HIMSELF HAD BEEN
258
00:09:07,914 --> 00:09:10,349
{\an8}A PRISONER, WHO HAD GOTTEN
259
00:09:10,349 --> 00:09:12,184
{\an8}MALARIA IN THE FIELD, WOULD HAVE
260
00:09:12,184 --> 00:09:13,352
{\an8}KNOWN WHAT IT'S LIKE TO BE ON
261
00:09:13,352 --> 00:09:16,455
{\an8}THE RUN, TO HAVE NO OPTIONS...
262
00:09:16,455 --> 00:09:18,090
{\an8}TO...
263
00:09:18,090 --> 00:09:19,525
{\an8}A MAN WORKING FOR THE FREEDOM OF
264
00:09:19,525 --> 00:09:20,927
{\an8}HIS COUNTRY WOULD CERTAINLY KNOW
265
00:09:20,927 --> 00:09:21,961
{\an8}WHAT IT'S LIKE WHEN SOMEONE
266
00:09:21,961 --> 00:09:23,262
{\an8}COMES KNOCKING AT YOUR DOOR AND
267
00:09:23,262 --> 00:09:24,564
{\an8}SAYS, "WE WANT TO BE FREE."
268
00:09:24,564 --> 00:09:26,165
{\an8}>> FDR: I HAVE BEEN COMPELLED
269
00:09:26,165 --> 00:09:29,368
{\an8}TO CONTRAST OUR PEACE...
270
00:09:29,368 --> 00:09:30,570
{\an8}>> WHILE THOUSANDSMARCHED IN
271
00:09:30,570 --> 00:09:31,971
{\an8}THE UNITED STATESTO PROTEST
272
00:09:31,971 --> 00:09:33,906
{\an8}THE HORRORSOF KRISTALLNACHT,
273
00:09:33,906 --> 00:09:35,141
{\an8}IN THE PHILIPPINES,
274
00:09:35,141 --> 00:09:36,776
{\an8}MANUEL QUEZON HADALREADY GONE
275
00:09:36,776 --> 00:09:39,679
{\an8}BEYOND PROTEST TO ACTION,
276
00:09:39,679 --> 00:09:40,880
{\an8}PROCLAIMING THAT BARRING
277
00:09:40,880 --> 00:09:45,251
{\an8}REFUGEES WASSIMPLY NOT RIGHT.
278
00:09:45,251 --> 00:09:46,252
{\an8}>> Woman: OTHER COUNTRIES,
279
00:09:46,252 --> 00:09:48,220
{\an8}PERHAPS, DID NOT THINK IT THAT
280
00:09:48,220 --> 00:09:49,121
{\an8}IMPORTANT.
281
00:09:49,121 --> 00:09:52,458
{\an8}I DON'T PRESUME TO SAY.
282
00:09:52,458 --> 00:09:55,061
{\an8}BUT I KNOW THAT DAD...
283
00:09:55,061 --> 00:09:57,830
{\an8}HAD THE MORAL COURAGE TO DO IT
284
00:09:57,830 --> 00:09:59,532
{\an8}BECAUSE HE BELIEVED IN THE
285
00:09:59,532 --> 00:10:02,335
{\an8}SANCTITY OF HUMAN LIFE
286
00:10:02,335 --> 00:10:05,905
{\an8}AND THE RIGHT OF PEOPLE TO LIVE
287
00:10:05,905 --> 00:10:08,808
{\an8}LIFE AS THEY BELIEVED
288
00:10:08,808 --> 00:10:09,942
{\an8}THEY SHOULD.
289
00:10:13,179 --> 00:10:15,915
{\an8}>> IN 1937, A YEAR BEFORE
290
00:10:15,915 --> 00:10:17,984
{\an8}KRISTALLNACHT,JAPAN'SBRUTAL
291
00:10:17,984 --> 00:10:19,752
{\an8}CONQUEST OF CHINAHAD REACHED
292
00:10:19,752 --> 00:10:22,555
{\an8}THE CITY OF SHANGHAI,
293
00:10:22,555 --> 00:10:24,256
{\an8}WHERE REFUGEESHAD ALREADY
294
00:10:24,256 --> 00:10:26,525
{\an8}FOUND SHELTER.
295
00:10:26,525 --> 00:10:27,960
{\an8}EUROPEAN CITIZENS WERE IN
296
00:10:27,960 --> 00:10:29,462
{\an8}DANGER, SO THE GERMAN
297
00:10:29,462 --> 00:10:30,763
{\an8}GOVERNMENT HADSENT AN OCEAN
298
00:10:30,763 --> 00:10:32,698
{\an8}LINER TO EVACUATEPEOPLE FROM
299
00:10:32,698 --> 00:10:35,635
{\an8}THE BATTERED CITY.
300
00:10:35,635 --> 00:10:37,670
{\an8}THE NAZIS INSHANGHAI ALSO
301
00:10:37,670 --> 00:10:39,538
{\an8}EVACUATED ANYJEWISH REFUGEES
302
00:10:39,538 --> 00:10:42,174
{\an8}WHO FELT IN DANGER.
303
00:10:42,174 --> 00:10:44,343
{\an8}>> Woman: THE SITUATION LED TO
304
00:10:44,343 --> 00:10:46,746
{\an8}GERMAN JEWS AND GERMAN CITIZENS
305
00:10:46,746 --> 00:10:48,881
{\an8}BEING BROUGHT DOWN TO MANILA.
306
00:10:50,249 --> 00:10:51,384
{\an8}>> WHEN THEJEWISH REFUGEES
307
00:10:51,384 --> 00:10:52,785
{\an8}REACHED MANILA, THEY WERE
308
00:10:52,785 --> 00:10:54,620
{\an8}GREETED BYPHILLIP FRIEDER,
309
00:10:54,620 --> 00:10:56,322
{\an8}WHO, IN A MATTEROF HOURS, HAD
310
00:10:56,322 --> 00:10:57,723
{\an8}RAISED THOUSANDSOF DOLLARS
311
00:10:57,723 --> 00:11:00,526
{\an8}FOR THEIR SUPPORT.
312
00:11:00,526 --> 00:11:02,061
{\an8}IRONICALLY, ITWAS A GERMAN
313
00:11:02,061 --> 00:11:03,562
{\an8}CONSUL WHO SUGGESTED TO
314
00:11:03,562 --> 00:11:05,164
{\an8}FRIEDER THAT ITMIGHT BE A GOOD
315
00:11:05,164 --> 00:11:06,565
{\an8}IDEA IF HE TOOKCARE OF THE
316
00:11:06,565 --> 00:11:09,702
{\an8}JEWISH PASSENGERS.
317
00:11:09,702 --> 00:11:11,037
{\an8}THERE WERE ONLYA HANDFUL OF
318
00:11:11,037 --> 00:11:12,438
{\an8}JEWISH FAMILIES WHO COULD
319
00:11:12,438 --> 00:11:13,906
{\an8}AFFORD TO CONTRIBUTE TO A
320
00:11:13,906 --> 00:11:15,808
{\an8}REFUGEE FUND,BUT THE FRIEDER
321
00:11:15,808 --> 00:11:16,809
{\an8}BROTHERS TOOK ON
322
00:11:16,809 --> 00:11:19,512
{\an8}THE TASK ANYWAY.
323
00:11:19,512 --> 00:11:20,279
{\an8}>> NUMBER ONE, THEY WERE
324
00:11:20,279 --> 00:11:20,880
{\an8}ABLE TO.
325
00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:21,947
{\an8}THEY WERE IN A POSITION WHERE
326
00:11:21,947 --> 00:11:23,082
{\an8}THEY COULD TALK TO THE RIGHT
327
00:11:23,082 --> 00:11:24,517
{\an8}PEOPLE.
328
00:11:24,517 --> 00:11:26,285
{\an8}NUMBER TWO, THEY SAW WHAT WAS
329
00:11:26,285 --> 00:11:28,154
{\an8}HAPPENING, AND THEY KNEW THAT
330
00:11:28,154 --> 00:11:30,356
{\an8}SOMEBODY HAD TO DO SOMETHING,
331
00:11:30,356 --> 00:11:32,291
{\an8}SO THEY DID.
332
00:11:32,291 --> 00:11:33,559
{\an8}>> IN THE MEANTIME, HIS
333
00:11:33,559 --> 00:11:35,461
{\an8}BROTHERS BACKIN CINCINNATI
334
00:11:35,461 --> 00:11:37,096
{\an8}CONTACTED MAJOR REFUGEE
335
00:11:37,096 --> 00:11:38,964
{\an8}ORGANIZATIONSFOR DESPERATELY
336
00:11:38,964 --> 00:11:40,566
{\an8}NEEDED FUNDS.
337
00:11:41,067 --> 00:11:42,268
{\an8}>> Woman: THE FRIEDER BROTHERS
338
00:11:42,268 --> 00:11:43,636
{\an8}WORKED AS A UNIT.
339
00:11:43,636 --> 00:11:46,439
{\an8}WHILE UNCLE ALEX WAS IN THE
340
00:11:46,439 --> 00:11:48,607
{\an8}PHILIPPINES, MY GRANDFATHER
341
00:11:48,607 --> 00:11:50,076
{\an8}MORRIS FRIEDER WAS IN
342
00:11:50,076 --> 00:11:51,744
{\an8}WASHINGTON, AND PHILLIP WAS
343
00:11:51,744 --> 00:11:54,947
{\an8}INVOLVED IN ALL PIECES.
344
00:11:54,947 --> 00:11:56,315
{\an8}>> Man: ♪ ATHLETES, SCHOLARS,
345
00:11:56,315 --> 00:11:57,850
{\an8}MOVIE STARS ♪
346
00:11:57,850 --> 00:11:58,918
{\an8}♪ THEY ALL APPRECIATE
347
00:11:58,918 --> 00:12:00,319
{\an8}A FINE CIGAR ♪
348
00:12:00,319 --> 00:12:01,754
{\an8}♪ RICH AROMA... ♪
349
00:12:02,321 --> 00:12:03,456
{\an8}>> HUNGARIAN IMMIGRANT
350
00:12:03,456 --> 00:12:06,025
{\an8}SAMUEL FRIEDERBEGAN AN EMPIRE
351
00:12:06,025 --> 00:12:07,493
{\an8}BY SELLING CIGARSOUT OF HIS
352
00:12:07,493 --> 00:12:09,161
{\an8}NEW YORK CITY HOME BEFORE
353
00:12:09,161 --> 00:12:11,330
{\an8}WORLD WAR I.
354
00:12:11,330 --> 00:12:13,299
{\an8}EVENTUALLY, ALLFIVE OF HIS
355
00:12:13,299 --> 00:12:17,203
{\an8}SONS -- PHILLIP,HENRY, ALEX,
356
00:12:17,203 --> 00:12:19,038
{\an8}MORRIS, AND HERBERT --
357
00:12:19,038 --> 00:12:20,406
{\an8}WERE IN THE BUSINESS.
358
00:12:22,441 --> 00:12:24,343
{\an8}CIGARS WERE BIG.
359
00:12:27,179 --> 00:12:29,014
{\an8}THE FRIEDERSSPECIALIZED IN
360
00:12:29,014 --> 00:12:31,117
{\an8}TWO-FOR-A-NICKEL CIGARS.
361
00:12:31,117 --> 00:12:32,318
{\an8}AND SINCE THEBEST OF THOSE
362
00:12:32,318 --> 00:12:32,952
{\an8}WERE MADE FROM
363
00:12:32,952 --> 00:12:34,353
{\an8}PHILIPPINE TOBACCO,
364
00:12:34,353 --> 00:12:37,089
{\an8}THEY WENT RIGHTTO THE SOURCE.
365
00:12:37,089 --> 00:12:39,291
{\an8}>> Man: PHILLIP, AT AGE MAYBE
366
00:12:39,291 --> 00:12:42,595
{\an8}32 OR 34, GETS ON A BOAT.
367
00:12:42,595 --> 00:12:43,796
{\an8}IT TAKES HIM THREE AND A HALF
368
00:12:43,796 --> 00:12:46,065
{\an8}WEEKS TO GET TO THE PHILIPPINES,
369
00:12:46,065 --> 00:12:47,933
{\an8}AND THE REST IS HISTORY BECAUSE
370
00:12:47,933 --> 00:12:50,469
{\an8}WHEN HE'S THERE, HE MEETS ALL
371
00:12:50,469 --> 00:12:51,470
{\an8}THE GROWERS AND
372
00:12:51,470 --> 00:12:53,038
{\an8}THE MANUFACTURERS, AND THEY
373
00:12:53,038 --> 00:12:54,974
{\an8}START BUYING CIGARS
374
00:12:54,974 --> 00:12:57,009
{\an8}FROM THEM DIRECTLY.
375
00:12:57,009 --> 00:12:59,078
{\an8}AND THEN THEY FIGURE OUT THAT IT
376
00:12:59,078 --> 00:13:00,146
{\an8}PROBABLY WOULD BE MORE
377
00:13:00,146 --> 00:13:02,281
{\an8}ADVANTAGEOUS TO THEM IF THEY
378
00:13:02,281 --> 00:13:04,049
{\an8}COULD DO THE MANUFACTURING.
379
00:13:04,049 --> 00:13:05,451
{\an8}>> WELL, I THINK WHEN THEY FIRST
380
00:13:05,451 --> 00:13:06,919
{\an8}GOT TO THE PHILIPPINES, THERE
381
00:13:06,919 --> 00:13:08,420
{\an8}WERE, I DON'T KNOW HOW MANY
382
00:13:08,420 --> 00:13:09,421
{\an8}AMERICANS WERE THERE.
383
00:13:09,421 --> 00:13:10,189
{\an8}I DON'T THINK THERE WERE
384
00:13:10,189 --> 00:13:13,225
{\an8}30 JEWISH FAMILIES THERE.
385
00:13:13,559 --> 00:13:15,427
{\an8}>> IN LESS THAN 20 YEARS,
386
00:13:15,427 --> 00:13:17,663
{\an8}S. FRIEDER &SONS HAD BECOME
387
00:13:17,663 --> 00:13:19,331
{\an8}ONE OF THE BIGGESTEXPORTERS OF
388
00:13:19,331 --> 00:13:21,700
{\an8}PHILIPPINE CIGARS,PRODUCING
389
00:13:21,700 --> 00:13:25,304
{\an8}250 MILLION STOGIESEVERY YEAR.
390
00:13:25,304 --> 00:13:27,506
{\an8}THIS PHENOMENALSUCCESS WAS THE
391
00:13:27,506 --> 00:13:29,642
{\an8}RESULT OF HARDWORK AND STRONG
392
00:13:29,642 --> 00:13:31,677
{\an8}FAMILY TIES.
393
00:13:31,677 --> 00:13:33,679
{\an8}>> Peggy Ellis: THEY WERE HAPPY,
394
00:13:33,679 --> 00:13:37,049
{\an8}FAMILY-LOVING, LIFE-EMBRACING
395
00:13:37,049 --> 00:13:38,450
{\an8}CHARACTERS.
396
00:13:38,450 --> 00:13:39,585
{\an8}THEY WERE LEADERS IN THEIR
397
00:13:39,585 --> 00:13:41,253
{\an8}COMMUNITY, SO THEY SEEMED TO
398
00:13:41,253 --> 00:13:43,122
{\an8}SLIP SEAMLESSLY INTO BEING
399
00:13:43,122 --> 00:13:45,991
{\an8}LEADERS IN THE PHILIPPINES.
400
00:13:45,991 --> 00:13:47,560
{\an8}>> BACK IN CINCINNATI,
401
00:13:47,560 --> 00:13:49,395
{\an8}THE FRIEDERS ALLLIVED ON THE
402
00:13:49,395 --> 00:13:51,230
{\an8}SAME BLOCK.
403
00:13:51,230 --> 00:13:52,865
{\an8}THEY TOOK TURNSOVERSEEING THE
404
00:13:52,865 --> 00:13:54,767
{\an8}BUSINESS IN THEPHILIPPINES,
405
00:13:54,767 --> 00:13:56,001
{\an8}AND AS EACH BROTHERBROUGHT HIS
406
00:13:56,001 --> 00:13:57,503
{\an8}FAMILY FOR ATWO-YEAR TOUR OF
407
00:13:57,503 --> 00:13:59,438
{\an8}DUTY IN MANILA,THEY SHARED
408
00:13:59,438 --> 00:14:00,806
{\an8}THE BIG HOUSE ON
409
00:14:00,806 --> 00:14:03,442
{\an8}BRIXTON HILL ROAD.
410
00:14:03,442 --> 00:14:07,046
{\an8}>> Woman: WE HAD A NICE YARD.
411
00:14:07,046 --> 00:14:09,114
{\an8}BEAUTIFUL TREES AND ORCHIDS
412
00:14:09,114 --> 00:14:12,985
{\an8}AROUND THE PERIMETER.
413
00:14:12,985 --> 00:14:15,721
{\an8}SWIMMING POOL, TENNIS COURT.
414
00:14:15,721 --> 00:14:16,956
{\an8}WE BELONGED TO A LOT OF CLUBS.
415
00:14:16,956 --> 00:14:20,392
{\an8}IT WAS A VERY GRACIOUS LIFE.
416
00:14:20,392 --> 00:14:21,927
{\an8}>> WHILE THECHILDREN SWAM AND
417
00:14:21,927 --> 00:14:23,996
{\an8}PLAYED, RODEPONIES, AND HAD
418
00:14:23,996 --> 00:14:26,198
{\an8}IMPROMPTU DANCE RECITALS,
419
00:14:26,198 --> 00:14:27,499
{\an8}THE ADULTS MOVED WITHIN
420
00:14:27,499 --> 00:14:29,001
{\an8}MANILA'SGLITTERING SOCIAL
421
00:14:29,001 --> 00:14:30,369
{\an8}WORLD.
422
00:14:30,369 --> 00:14:31,804
{\an8}>> Sasser: MY GRANDMOTHER KEPT
423
00:14:31,804 --> 00:14:34,874
{\an8}A BOOKLET OF ENTERTAINING
424
00:14:34,874 --> 00:14:37,176
{\an8}THAT SHE WOULD DO REGULARLY,
425
00:14:37,176 --> 00:14:38,711
{\an8}AND THERE IS AN ENTRY FROM
426
00:14:38,711 --> 00:14:42,047
{\an8}SEPTEMBER OF 1939.
427
00:14:42,047 --> 00:14:43,349
{\an8}AND THE PEOPLE ATTENDING THIS
428
00:14:43,349 --> 00:14:44,283
{\an8}DINNER PARTY AT MY
429
00:14:44,283 --> 00:14:45,885
{\an8}GRANDPARENTS' HOME IN MANILA
430
00:14:45,885 --> 00:14:47,720
{\an8}WERE...
431
00:14:47,720 --> 00:14:50,256
{\an8}GENERAL AND MRS. MacARTHUR,
432
00:14:50,256 --> 00:14:53,225
{\an8}COLONEL AND MRS. EISENHOWER,
433
00:14:53,225 --> 00:14:54,860
{\an8}AND THE ACTING HIGH
434
00:14:54,860 --> 00:14:57,563
{\an8}COMMISSIONER.
435
00:14:57,563 --> 00:14:59,698
{\an8}>> IN FACT,EVENINGS WERE JUST
436
00:14:59,698 --> 00:15:00,599
{\an8}AN EXTENSION OF
437
00:15:00,599 --> 00:15:02,935
{\an8}THE WORKING DAY.
438
00:15:02,935 --> 00:15:05,237
{\an8}IN MANILA, HAVING FUN WAS
439
00:15:05,237 --> 00:15:08,874
{\an8}A SERIOUS BUSINESS.
440
00:15:08,874 --> 00:15:10,509
{\an8}THE FRIEDERS HADDEVELOPED A
441
00:15:10,509 --> 00:15:11,644
{\an8}CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH
442
00:15:11,644 --> 00:15:12,811
{\an8}PRESIDENT QUEZON OVER THE
443
00:15:12,811 --> 00:15:14,146
{\an8}YEARS.
444
00:15:14,146 --> 00:15:15,614
{\an8}THEY MET WHENQUEZON WAS IN THE
445
00:15:15,614 --> 00:15:17,483
{\an8}PHILIPPINE SENATEAND THEY WERE
446
00:15:17,483 --> 00:15:20,953
{\an8}YOUNG MEN BUILDINGA BUSINESS.
447
00:15:20,953 --> 00:15:22,388
{\an8}THE RELATIONSHIPDEEPENED AS
448
00:15:22,388 --> 00:15:24,723
{\an8}THE CIGAR BUSINESS GREW
449
00:15:24,723 --> 00:15:26,091
{\an8}AND QUEZON ROSETHROUGH THE
450
00:15:26,091 --> 00:15:28,027
{\an8}POLITICAL RANKS.
451
00:15:28,027 --> 00:15:30,930
{\an8}IN 1937, PAULV. McNUTT WAS
452
00:15:30,930 --> 00:15:32,131
{\an8}APPOINTED U.S. HIGH
453
00:15:32,131 --> 00:15:32,965
{\an8}COMMISSIONER FOR THE
454
00:15:32,965 --> 00:15:34,867
{\an8}PHILIPPINES ANDJOINED THIS
455
00:15:34,867 --> 00:15:37,770
{\an8}CIRCLE OFPOWERFUL FRIENDS.
456
00:15:37,770 --> 00:15:39,638
{\an8}THE FORMER GOVERNOROF INDIANA,
457
00:15:39,638 --> 00:15:41,240
{\an8}McNUTT MADE NOSECRET THAT HE
458
00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:42,408
{\an8}WAS AIMING FORTHE WHITE HOUSE
459
00:15:42,408 --> 00:15:44,777
{\an8}IN 1940, WHICH PROBABLY
460
00:15:44,777 --> 00:15:45,577
{\an8}ACCOUNTS FOR WHY
461
00:15:45,577 --> 00:15:47,313
{\an8}PRESIDENT ROOSEVELTBANISHED
462
00:15:47,313 --> 00:15:49,214
{\an8}HIM TO MANILA.
463
00:15:49,214 --> 00:15:50,716
{\an8}BUT FOR McNUTT, MORAL
464
00:15:50,716 --> 00:15:52,184
{\an8}CONVICTION TRUMPEDPOLITICAL
465
00:15:52,184 --> 00:15:53,552
{\an8}AMBITION.
466
00:15:53,552 --> 00:15:55,287
{\an8}URGED BY JEWISHALLIES BACK
467
00:15:55,287 --> 00:15:57,423
{\an8}HOME, HE CHAMPIONEDEUROPEAN
468
00:15:57,423 --> 00:15:59,758
{\an8}JEWS DESPITEANTI-SEMITISM
469
00:15:59,758 --> 00:16:02,227
{\an8}AMONG AMERICAN VOTERS.
470
00:16:02,227 --> 00:16:04,463
{\an8}>> HE UNDERSTOOD VERY WELL
471
00:16:04,463 --> 00:16:06,432
{\an8}INTOLERANCE IN AMERICAN LIFE
472
00:16:06,432 --> 00:16:07,299
{\an8}AND INTOLERANCE
473
00:16:07,299 --> 00:16:10,035
{\an8}IN AMERICAN POLITICS.
474
00:16:10,035 --> 00:16:11,136
{\an8}>> IN THEIR DRIVE TOWARDS
475
00:16:11,136 --> 00:16:12,938
{\an8}INDEPENDENCE,THE FILIPINOS
476
00:16:12,938 --> 00:16:14,773
{\an8}HAD ELECTED ACONGRESS AND
477
00:16:14,773 --> 00:16:17,009
{\an8}INAUGURATED A PRESIDENT.
478
00:16:17,009 --> 00:16:18,110
{\an8}BUT A SEPARATE PHILIPPINE
479
00:16:18,110 --> 00:16:19,545
{\an8}IMMIGRATION LAWHAD NOT YET
480
00:16:19,545 --> 00:16:20,679
{\an8}BEEN WRITTEN.
481
00:16:20,679 --> 00:16:22,481
{\an8}AND IN THIS LEGAL VACUUM,
482
00:16:22,481 --> 00:16:23,916
{\an8}PAUL McNUTT REALIZED THAT
483
00:16:23,916 --> 00:16:25,851
{\an8}APPROVING VISASWAS ONE OF THE
484
00:16:25,851 --> 00:16:28,187
{\an8}VERY FEW POWERSSTILL HELD BY
485
00:16:28,187 --> 00:16:30,522
{\an8}THE U.S. HIGHCOMMISSIONER,
486
00:16:30,522 --> 00:16:32,658
{\an8}AND A VISA WAS A POWERFUL
487
00:16:32,658 --> 00:16:34,293
{\an8}DOCUMENT THATMEANT A JEWISH
488
00:16:34,293 --> 00:16:35,894
{\an8}FAMILY COULDESCAPE FROM NAZI
489
00:16:35,894 --> 00:16:38,964
{\an8}PERSECUTION.
490
00:16:38,964 --> 00:16:40,499
{\an8}DESPITE ALL THESMILES AT HIS
491
00:16:40,499 --> 00:16:42,067
{\an8}SWEARING IN, McNUTT'S
492
00:16:42,067 --> 00:16:43,402
{\an8}RELATIONSHIP WITH QUEZON
493
00:16:43,402 --> 00:16:45,204
{\an8}WAS COMPLICATED...
494
00:16:45,204 --> 00:16:46,605
{\an8}UNTIL THEYDISCOVERED A MUTUAL
495
00:16:46,605 --> 00:16:49,274
{\an8}PASSION -- POKER.
496
00:16:49,274 --> 00:16:51,276
{\an8}McNUTT LOVEDPOKER SO MUCH
497
00:16:51,276 --> 00:16:52,811
{\an8}THAT HE EVEN HADMONOGRAMMED
498
00:16:52,811 --> 00:16:56,081
{\an8}MOTHER-OF-PEARLPOKER CHIPS.
499
00:16:56,081 --> 00:16:59,151
{\an8}>> THERE WAS ONE TIME WHEN
500
00:16:59,151 --> 00:17:02,688
{\an8}McNUTT LOST TO HIM.
501
00:17:02,688 --> 00:17:04,890
{\an8}WHEN McNUTT WAS TRYING TO PAY
502
00:17:04,890 --> 00:17:08,360
{\an8}HIM, HE SAID, "DON'T PAY ME.
503
00:17:08,360 --> 00:17:10,929
{\an8}CONSIDER THAT MY CONTRIBUTION TO
504
00:17:10,929 --> 00:17:13,632
{\an8}YOUR CANDIDACY."
505
00:17:13,632 --> 00:17:15,067
{\an8}>> THE GAMES WENTLONG INTO THE
506
00:17:15,067 --> 00:17:16,301
{\an8}NIGHT.
507
00:17:16,301 --> 00:17:17,603
{\an8}THE FRIEDERSWERE REGULARS AT
508
00:17:17,603 --> 00:17:19,171
{\an8}THE TABLE AND SO WAS
509
00:17:19,171 --> 00:17:21,306
{\an8}COLONEL DWIGHTEISENHOWER,
510
00:17:21,306 --> 00:17:23,242
{\an8}A WELL-LIKEDCHIEF-OF-STAFF
511
00:17:23,242 --> 00:17:26,645
{\an8}FOR GENERAL DOUGLASMacARTHUR.
512
00:17:26,645 --> 00:17:28,614
{\an8}MacARTHUR HADBEEN TASKED TO
513
00:17:28,614 --> 00:17:30,349
{\an8}BUILD A FILIPINO MILITARY
514
00:17:30,349 --> 00:17:31,683
{\an8}STRONG ENOUGHTO DETER THE
515
00:17:31,683 --> 00:17:34,319
{\an8}LOOMING JAPANESE THREAT.
516
00:17:34,319 --> 00:17:34,920
{\an8}>> EISENHOWER WAS
517
00:17:34,920 --> 00:17:36,688
{\an8}A FANTASTIC CARD PLAYER.
518
00:17:36,688 --> 00:17:39,958
{\an8}HE MANAGED TO PAY FOR ALL OF HIS
519
00:17:39,958 --> 00:17:41,660
{\an8}EXPENSES AT WEST POINT WITH HIS
520
00:17:41,660 --> 00:17:43,462
{\an8}POKER EARNINGS, AND HE WENT ON,
521
00:17:43,462 --> 00:17:45,664
{\an8}ACTUALLY, TO GIVE PROBABLY MY
522
00:17:45,664 --> 00:17:47,299
{\an8}GRANDMOTHER HER FINEST BIRTHDAY
523
00:17:47,299 --> 00:17:49,168
{\an8}PRESENTS BASED ON HIS
524
00:17:49,168 --> 00:17:51,470
{\an8}CARD-PLAYING EARNINGS.
525
00:17:51,470 --> 00:17:52,638
{\an8}>> Quezon III: AMERICANS LIKE
526
00:17:52,638 --> 00:17:55,474
{\an8}MacARTHUR OR EISENHOWER, THEY
527
00:17:55,474 --> 00:17:57,910
{\an8}MINGLED FREELY AND AS EQUALS
528
00:17:57,910 --> 00:17:58,977
{\an8}WITH FILIPINOS, AND THE
529
00:17:58,977 --> 00:18:01,280
{\an8}FILIPINOS DEEPLY APPRECIATED IT.
530
00:18:01,280 --> 00:18:02,314
{\an8}>> PRESIDENT QUEZON
531
00:18:02,314 --> 00:18:03,949
{\an8}ESPECIALLY APPRECIATED
532
00:18:03,949 --> 00:18:05,818
{\an8}EISENHOWER'S TALENTS.
533
00:18:05,818 --> 00:18:07,352
{\an8}>> EISENHOWER WAS AT ONE POINT
534
00:18:07,352 --> 00:18:09,188
{\an8}WRITING SPEECHES FOR MY
535
00:18:09,188 --> 00:18:10,322
{\an8}GRANDFATHER AND WAS EVEN
536
00:18:10,322 --> 00:18:11,790
{\an8}GIVEN AN OFFICE IN THE
537
00:18:11,790 --> 00:18:13,225
{\an8}EXECUTIVE BUILDING IN
538
00:18:13,225 --> 00:18:15,594
{\an8}THE PRESIDENTIAL PALACE.
539
00:18:15,594 --> 00:18:17,362
{\an8}>> HIS ANALYTICALMIND WENT FAR
540
00:18:17,362 --> 00:18:19,364
{\an8}BEYOND CARDS.
541
00:18:19,364 --> 00:18:21,133
{\an8}THE FRIEDERSIN PARTICULAR
542
00:18:21,133 --> 00:18:22,367
{\an8}VALUED HIS ABILITY TO
543
00:18:22,367 --> 00:18:26,405
{\an8}ORGANIZE EVEN THELARGEST TASK.
544
00:18:26,405 --> 00:18:26,972
{\an8}>> Eisenhower: EISENHOWER
545
00:18:26,972 --> 00:18:28,907
{\an8}CLEARLY KNEW ABOUT THE IMPENDING
546
00:18:28,907 --> 00:18:30,275
{\an8}PLANS FOR THE RESCUE, I THINK
547
00:18:30,275 --> 00:18:31,743
{\an8}THERE'S NO DOUBT ABOUT IT.
548
00:18:31,743 --> 00:18:34,213
{\an8}MY FATHER WAS TOLD BY MY
549
00:18:34,213 --> 00:18:37,015
{\an8}GRANDFATHER THAT THESE PLANS
550
00:18:37,015 --> 00:18:39,518
{\an8}WERE UNDERWAY AND HAD TOLD
551
00:18:39,518 --> 00:18:41,220
{\an8}HIS SON JOHN -- MY FATHER --
552
00:18:41,220 --> 00:18:43,555
{\an8}THAT, IN FACT, HE HAD BEEN ASKED
553
00:18:43,555 --> 00:18:47,126
{\an8}TO PLAY A ROLE IN THIS.
554
00:18:47,126 --> 00:18:48,360
{\an8}>> THESE FRIENDS WHO,
555
00:18:48,360 --> 00:18:49,795
{\an8}ULTIMATELY, OFFERED HIM A JOB
556
00:18:49,795 --> 00:18:52,464
{\an8}MAKING $60,000 A YEAR --
557
00:18:52,464 --> 00:18:53,732
{\an8}WHICH IS ABOUT A MILLION DOLLARS
558
00:18:53,732 --> 00:18:57,402
{\an8}IN 2011 MONEY -- TO ASSIST
559
00:18:57,402 --> 00:18:58,804
{\an8}IN THE PLANNING FOR FINDING
560
00:18:58,804 --> 00:19:00,339
{\an8}HOMES FOR THESE JEWISH REFUGEES
561
00:19:00,339 --> 00:19:01,340
{\an8}LEAVING GERMANY.
562
00:19:01,340 --> 00:19:03,041
{\an8}AND IT MAKES PERFECT SENSE TO
563
00:19:03,041 --> 00:19:04,543
{\an8}TAKE A PROBLEM SUCH AS THIS TO A
564
00:19:04,543 --> 00:19:06,478
{\an8}MAN LIKE EISENHOWER WHO HAD
565
00:19:06,478 --> 00:19:08,147
{\an8}THE ABILITY TO PLAN ON A LARGE
566
00:19:08,147 --> 00:19:10,215
{\an8}SCALE, TO BE ABLE TO TAKE
567
00:19:10,215 --> 00:19:11,950
{\an8}THOUSANDS OR THOUSANDS AND
568
00:19:11,950 --> 00:19:13,118
{\an8}THOUSANDS OF MOVING PARTS AND
569
00:19:13,118 --> 00:19:14,853
{\an8}TRY TO ORIENT THEM AND TO PUSH
570
00:19:14,853 --> 00:19:16,488
{\an8}IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION.
571
00:19:16,488 --> 00:19:17,823
{\an8}>> THE CARD GAMESWERE HELD IN
572
00:19:17,823 --> 00:19:19,324
{\an8}MANY PLACES -- ON THE
573
00:19:19,324 --> 00:19:20,859
{\an8}PRESIDENTIAL YACHT...
574
00:19:20,859 --> 00:19:22,294
{\an8}>> MY FATHER PLAYED
575
00:19:22,294 --> 00:19:24,696
{\an8}POKER WITH HIM ON HIS YACHT
576
00:19:24,696 --> 00:19:27,199
{\an8}JUST OUTSIDE MALACANANG PALACE
577
00:19:27,199 --> 00:19:28,667
{\an8}WHERE HIS YACHT WAS MOORED
578
00:19:28,667 --> 00:19:30,736
{\an8}ON THE PASSIG RIVER.
579
00:19:30,736 --> 00:19:31,904
{\an8}>> IN THEAIR-CONDITIONED LOBBY
580
00:19:31,904 --> 00:19:34,139
{\an8}OF THE MANILA HOTEL...
581
00:19:34,139 --> 00:19:35,407
{\an8}>> Jose: THE MANILA HOTEL WAS
582
00:19:35,407 --> 00:19:36,375
{\an8}THE TOPS.
583
00:19:36,375 --> 00:19:37,943
{\an8}IT WAS A MAJOR CENTER
584
00:19:37,943 --> 00:19:39,511
{\an8}OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY.
585
00:19:39,511 --> 00:19:40,345
{\an8}>> AT THE HOME OF
586
00:19:40,345 --> 00:19:41,480
{\an8}GREEK-AMERICAN PRIVATE
587
00:19:41,480 --> 00:19:44,917
{\an8}INVESTIGATOR ANGELZERVOULAKOS.
588
00:19:44,917 --> 00:19:46,818
{\an8}>> Woman: THIS KIND OF POKER
589
00:19:46,818 --> 00:19:49,121
{\an8}WHERE THE FRIEDER BROTHERS COME
590
00:19:49,121 --> 00:19:51,023
{\an8}TO, THEY COME OUT LOOKING LIKE
591
00:19:51,023 --> 00:19:53,292
{\an8}THEY'VE SMOKED A LOT OF CIGARS.
592
00:19:53,292 --> 00:19:54,526
{\an8}[ LAUGHS ]
593
00:19:54,526 --> 00:19:55,494
{\an8}THEY'D SURE SMELL
594
00:19:55,494 --> 00:19:56,662
{\an8}LIKE IT, THOUGH.
595
00:19:56,662 --> 00:19:58,530
{\an8}I DO BELIEVE THAT MY DAD HAD
596
00:19:58,530 --> 00:20:01,533
{\an8}A PART IN THIS, HELPING
597
00:20:01,533 --> 00:20:03,202
{\an8}THE FRIEDER BROTHERS.
598
00:20:03,202 --> 00:20:05,537
{\an8}AND HE KNEW WHAT THEY WERE
599
00:20:05,537 --> 00:20:07,105
{\an8}DOING.
600
00:20:07,105 --> 00:20:09,241
{\an8}>> THESE HIGH-STAKEGAMES ALSO
601
00:20:09,241 --> 00:20:10,642
{\an8}TOOK PLACE IN THE COOLING
602
00:20:10,642 --> 00:20:12,277
{\an8}BREEZE OF THE FRIEDERS'
603
00:20:12,277 --> 00:20:14,079
{\an8}BACK PORCH.
604
00:20:14,079 --> 00:20:14,947
{\an8}>> Jane Ellis: WE COULD HEAR
605
00:20:14,947 --> 00:20:16,081
{\an8}WHAT WAS GOING ON ON THE PORCH
606
00:20:16,081 --> 00:20:16,882
{\an8}ALL THE TIME.
607
00:20:16,882 --> 00:20:17,849
{\an8}WE COULD HEAR WHEN SOMEONE
608
00:20:17,849 --> 00:20:18,984
{\an8}BROUGHT FOOD OUT TO THEM OR
609
00:20:18,984 --> 00:20:20,118
{\an8}DRINKS OUT TO THEM.
610
00:20:20,118 --> 00:20:21,853
{\an8}BUT THEY WERE PLAYING POKER
611
00:20:21,853 --> 00:20:22,821
{\an8}OUT THERE.
612
00:20:22,821 --> 00:20:24,356
{\an8}>> IT WAS AT THESE GAMES
613
00:20:24,356 --> 00:20:25,724
{\an8}THAT THE FRIENDSDEVELOPED A
614
00:20:25,724 --> 00:20:27,459
{\an8}PLAN TO BUILDUPON THE SUCCESS
615
00:20:27,459 --> 00:20:29,561
{\an8}OF THE SHANGHAI RESCUE.
616
00:20:29,561 --> 00:20:31,230
{\an8}IT WAS A CAUSECLOSE TO ALL OF
617
00:20:31,230 --> 00:20:32,898
{\an8}THEM.
618
00:20:32,898 --> 00:20:35,033
{\an8}McNUTT CALLEDJEWISH REFUGEES
619
00:20:35,033 --> 00:20:36,368
{\an8}"HELPLESS AND PERSECUTED
620
00:20:36,368 --> 00:20:38,270
{\an8}WANDERERS WITHNO PLACE TO LAY
621
00:20:38,270 --> 00:20:40,305
{\an8}THEIR HEADS."
622
00:20:40,305 --> 00:20:42,574
{\an8}EISENHOWER WROTEIN HIS DIARY,
623
00:20:42,574 --> 00:20:44,676
{\an8}"HITLER'S RECORDWITH THE JEWS
624
00:20:44,676 --> 00:20:46,178
{\an8}IS AS BLACK ASTHAT OF ANY
625
00:20:46,178 --> 00:20:50,315
{\an8}BARBARIAN OF THEDARK AGES."
626
00:20:50,315 --> 00:20:51,683
{\an8}TO QUEZON, IT WAS NOT A
627
00:20:51,683 --> 00:20:52,784
{\an8}QUESTION OF WHETHERHIS COUNTRY
628
00:20:52,784 --> 00:20:54,653
{\an8}WOULD HELP, BUT WHY OTHER
629
00:20:54,653 --> 00:20:56,588
{\an8}NATIONS DID NOT.
630
00:20:56,588 --> 00:20:58,323
{\an8}FOR THE FRIEDERS,IT SIMPLY
631
00:20:58,323 --> 00:20:59,925
{\an8}NEEDED TO BE DONE.
632
00:20:59,925 --> 00:21:01,226
{\an8}>> Samuel: THEY FELT BECAUSE
633
00:21:01,226 --> 00:21:03,562
{\an8}THEY WERE ONE OF THE 50 AMERICAN
634
00:21:03,562 --> 00:21:06,098
{\an8}JEWISH FAMILIES THERE, THAT THAT
635
00:21:06,098 --> 00:21:08,166
{\an8}WAS THE ROLE EVERYBODY HAD TO
636
00:21:08,166 --> 00:21:09,868
{\an8}PLAY IF YOU'RE LUCKY ENOUGH
637
00:21:09,868 --> 00:21:11,903
{\an8}TO BE IN THE PHILIPPINES --
638
00:21:11,903 --> 00:21:13,572
{\an8}TRY AND GET AS MANY OUT
639
00:21:13,572 --> 00:21:15,574
{\an8}AS YOU COULD.
640
00:21:15,574 --> 00:21:16,642
{\an8}>> THE GOAL WAS TO BRING
641
00:21:16,642 --> 00:21:18,210
{\an8}THOUSANDS OFEUROPEAN JEWS
642
00:21:18,210 --> 00:21:20,112
{\an8}TO THE PHILIPPINES.
643
00:21:20,112 --> 00:21:21,213
{\an8}BUT EVEN WITH THE LEGAL
644
00:21:21,213 --> 00:21:23,415
{\an8}AUTHORITY TOAPPROVE VISAS,
645
00:21:23,415 --> 00:21:25,550
{\an8}PAUL McNUTT KNEWHE NEEDED TO
646
00:21:25,550 --> 00:21:27,085
{\an8}BE HOLDING APAIR OF POCKET
647
00:21:27,085 --> 00:21:28,787
{\an8}ACES TO DEAL WITH AN
648
00:21:28,787 --> 00:21:31,423
{\an8}UNSYMPATHETICSTATE DEPARTMENT.
649
00:21:31,423 --> 00:21:32,824
{\an8}ONE WAS SUPPORT FROM
650
00:21:32,824 --> 00:21:34,793
{\an8}PRESIDENT QUEZON.
651
00:21:34,793 --> 00:21:36,361
{\an8}QUEZON HAD DEALTWITH WAVES OF
652
00:21:36,361 --> 00:21:38,297
{\an8}IMMIGRANTS BEFORE,AND HE WAS
653
00:21:38,297 --> 00:21:40,132
{\an8}ACUTELY AWAREOF THE VOICES
654
00:21:40,132 --> 00:21:41,767
{\an8}OF ANTI-SEMITISMIN HIS OWN
655
00:21:41,767 --> 00:21:43,068
{\an8}COUNTRY.
656
00:21:43,068 --> 00:21:45,704
{\an8}BUT QUEZON STOOD STRONG.
657
00:21:45,704 --> 00:21:47,606
{\an8}EVEN WITHQUEZON'S SUPPORT,
658
00:21:47,639 --> 00:21:49,107
{\an8}McNUTT KNEW THEIRPLAN COULD
659
00:21:49,107 --> 00:21:50,475
{\an8}STILL BE TORPEDOEDBECAUSE OF
660
00:21:50,475 --> 00:21:52,110
{\an8}THE REQUIREMENT THAT NO
661
00:21:52,110 --> 00:21:53,912
{\an8}IMMIGRANT COULDBECOME A PUBLIC
662
00:21:53,912 --> 00:21:55,447
{\an8}CHARGE.
663
00:21:55,447 --> 00:21:56,982
{\an8}IN OTHER WORDS-- NO MONEY,
664
00:21:56,982 --> 00:22:00,085
{\an8}NO JOB, NO VISA.
665
00:22:00,085 --> 00:22:02,287
{\an8}>> PRESIDENT QUEZON HAD
666
00:22:02,287 --> 00:22:04,823
{\an8}STIPULATED THAT HE DIDN'T WANT
667
00:22:04,823 --> 00:22:07,726
{\an8}ANYBODY THAT WOULD BE A BURDEN
668
00:22:07,726 --> 00:22:08,960
{\an8}ON THE ECONOMY.
669
00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:11,496
{\an8}AND SO THE JEWISH COMMUNITY HAD
670
00:22:11,496 --> 00:22:13,999
{\an8}TO PROMISE THAT THEY WOULD TAKE
671
00:22:13,999 --> 00:22:16,668
{\an8}CARE OF THEM, WHICH THEY DID.
672
00:22:16,668 --> 00:22:18,503
{\an8}>> AND THAT WASMcNUTT'S SECOND
673
00:22:18,503 --> 00:22:21,406
{\an8}ACE -- THE FRIEDERS.
674
00:22:21,406 --> 00:22:23,075
{\an8}QUEZON AND McNUTTTURNED TO THE
675
00:22:23,075 --> 00:22:24,743
{\an8}FRIEDER BROTHERSTO WORK OUT
676
00:22:24,743 --> 00:22:26,645
{\an8}A SYSTEM SO THATONLY JEWISH
677
00:22:26,645 --> 00:22:28,013
{\an8}IMMIGRANTS WITHTHE SKILLS AND
678
00:22:28,013 --> 00:22:30,082
{\an8}RESOURCES TOSUPPORT THEMSELVES
679
00:22:30,082 --> 00:22:32,718
{\an8}WOULD BE SENT VISAS.
680
00:22:32,718 --> 00:22:34,553
{\an8}AND IF THE REFUGEESDID ARRIVE
681
00:22:34,553 --> 00:22:36,455
{\an8}PENNILESS, THEJEWISH COMMUNITY
682
00:22:36,455 --> 00:22:39,424
{\an8}WOULD STILL TAKECARE OF THEM.
683
00:22:39,424 --> 00:22:41,026
{\an8}AND SO IT BEGAN.
684
00:22:41,026 --> 00:22:42,861
{\an8}THE JEWISH COMMUNITYPREPARED A
685
00:22:42,861 --> 00:22:44,763
{\an8}LIST OF OCCUPATIONSWHERE THEY
686
00:22:44,763 --> 00:22:45,964
{\an8}THOUGHT A REFUGEECOULD GET
687
00:22:45,964 --> 00:22:48,100
{\an8}A JOB IN THEPHILIPPINES --
688
00:22:48,100 --> 00:22:49,534
{\an8}A LIST THAT COULDMEAN LIFE OR
689
00:22:49,534 --> 00:22:53,004
{\an8}DEATH FOR A EUROPEAN JEW.
690
00:22:53,004 --> 00:22:54,806
{\an8}>> THEY HAD TO PICK AND CHOOSE
691
00:22:54,806 --> 00:22:55,674
{\an8}PEOPLE TO LET IN.
692
00:22:55,674 --> 00:22:57,142
{\an8}AND THERE WERE SO MANY MORE THAT
693
00:22:57,142 --> 00:23:00,245
{\an8}WANTED TO COME THAN THEY COULD
694
00:23:00,245 --> 00:23:02,447
{\an8}FILL JOBS FOR, THAT THEY COULD
695
00:23:02,447 --> 00:23:03,715
{\an8}SUPPORT WITH THE MONEY
696
00:23:03,715 --> 00:23:05,183
{\an8}THAT THEY HAD.
697
00:23:05,183 --> 00:23:06,818
{\an8}AND SO THAT'S
698
00:23:06,818 --> 00:23:09,454
{\an8}A HEARTBREAKING JOB.
699
00:23:09,454 --> 00:23:11,189
{\an8}I MEAN, TO BE DOING THE RIGHT
700
00:23:11,189 --> 00:23:13,291
{\an8}THING, AND THEN HAVE TO SAY NO
701
00:23:13,291 --> 00:23:14,359
{\an8}TO PEOPLE 'CAUSE YOU DON'T HAVE
702
00:23:14,359 --> 00:23:16,027
{\an8}ENOUGH MONEY OR YOU DON'T HAVE
703
00:23:16,027 --> 00:23:16,862
{\an8}THIS.
704
00:23:16,862 --> 00:23:18,463
{\an8}AND THAT WAS TOUGH.
705
00:23:18,463 --> 00:23:19,564
{\an8}>> Weston: WHEN I CAME HOME FROM
706
00:23:19,564 --> 00:23:21,600
{\an8}SCHOOL AT NOONTIME, WE WERE
707
00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:22,834
{\an8}SUPPOSED TO PICK UP MY FATHER
708
00:23:22,834 --> 00:23:24,202
{\an8}AND COME HOME FOR LUNCH.
709
00:23:24,202 --> 00:23:26,538
{\an8}BUT HE WAS NEVER READY BECAUSE
710
00:23:26,538 --> 00:23:28,740
{\an8}HE WAS WORKING ON THE LISTS.
711
00:23:28,740 --> 00:23:31,410
{\an8}HE ENLISTED THE JEWISH COMMUNITY
712
00:23:31,410 --> 00:23:34,646
{\an8}IN HELPING THEM GET JOBS.
713
00:23:34,646 --> 00:23:36,715
{\an8}AND HE HIRED A LOT OF PEOPLE
714
00:23:36,715 --> 00:23:39,084
{\an8}IN THE FACTORY HIMSELF.
715
00:23:39,084 --> 00:23:42,187
{\an8}IT WAS ALL-CONSUMING.
716
00:23:42,187 --> 00:23:43,288
{\an8}>> Man: THAT'S WHEN THE AD CAME
717
00:23:43,288 --> 00:23:45,557
{\an8}OUT IN THE MAIN JEWISH PAPER IN
718
00:23:45,557 --> 00:23:47,259
{\an8}BERLIN, AND IT SAID THAT THERE'S
719
00:23:47,259 --> 00:23:48,960
{\an8}A PLACE IN THE PHILIPPINES FOR
720
00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:52,264
{\an8}PEOPLE WHO HAVE SPECIAL SKILLS.
721
00:23:52,264 --> 00:23:53,632
{\an8}>> IN A WORLDWHERE OPTIONS
722
00:23:53,632 --> 00:23:56,034
{\an8}WERE FASTDISAPPEARING, THERE
723
00:23:56,034 --> 00:23:57,469
{\an8}WERE FINALLYANSWERS TO THE
724
00:23:57,502 --> 00:23:58,570
{\an8}DESPERATE PLEAS THAT
725
00:23:58,570 --> 00:24:00,172
{\an8}ARRIVED EVERY DAY.
726
00:24:11,016 --> 00:24:12,451
{\an8}THE FRIEDERS ANDOTHERS ON THE
727
00:24:12,451 --> 00:24:14,319
{\an8}REFUGEE COMMITTEECHOSE WHO
728
00:24:14,319 --> 00:24:16,288
{\an8}WOULD BE APPROVEDFOR A VISA.
729
00:24:16,288 --> 00:24:18,223
{\an8}THESE LISTS WERETHEN SENT TO
730
00:24:18,223 --> 00:24:20,292
{\an8}QUEZON FOR REVIEW,AND McNUTT
731
00:24:20,292 --> 00:24:21,226
{\an8}PASSED THEM TO THE STATE
732
00:24:21,226 --> 00:24:23,061
{\an8}DEPARTMENT ANDU.S. EMBASSIES
733
00:24:23,061 --> 00:24:24,129
{\an8}IN EUROPE.
734
00:24:25,263 --> 00:24:26,331
{\an8}>> Man: THE UNITED STATES IS
735
00:24:26,331 --> 00:24:28,934
{\an8}CROSSED OUT, AND IT'S WRITTEN
736
00:24:28,934 --> 00:24:31,102
{\an8}"PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ONLY."
737
00:24:31,102 --> 00:24:33,939
{\an8}>> NOW PLANSCOULD BE MADE.
738
00:24:33,939 --> 00:24:36,208
{\an8}>> THEY MELTED DOWN MONEY.
739
00:24:36,208 --> 00:24:37,909
{\an8}THEY MADE A BRACELET --
740
00:24:37,909 --> 00:24:39,778
{\an8}EACH OF MY MOTHER AND MY AUNT,
741
00:24:39,778 --> 00:24:41,780
{\an8}HER SISTER, AND MY GRANDMOTHER
742
00:24:41,780 --> 00:24:44,282
{\an8}HAD BRACELETS MADE AND NECKLACES
743
00:24:44,282 --> 00:24:45,817
{\an8}MADE OUT OF GOLD,
744
00:24:45,817 --> 00:24:47,919
{\an8}AND THAT'S HOW THEY WERE ABLE TO
745
00:24:47,919 --> 00:24:50,055
{\an8}GET STUFF OUT.
746
00:24:50,088 --> 00:24:52,424
{\an8}>> DISASTERS AVERTED.
747
00:24:53,658 --> 00:24:55,827
{\an8}FOR YOUNG MARTAMIODOWSKI,
748
00:24:55,827 --> 00:24:57,162
{\an8}AN ARYAN GIRL MARRIED TO
749
00:24:57,162 --> 00:24:58,864
{\an8}A JEWISH CIGAR-MAKER,
750
00:24:58,864 --> 00:25:00,966
{\an8}A PHILIPPINEVISA WAS THE KEY
751
00:25:00,966 --> 00:25:02,734
{\an8}THAT RELEASED HERHUSBAND FROM
752
00:25:02,734 --> 00:25:04,236
{\an8}THE INFAMOUSSACHSENHAUSEN
753
00:25:04,236 --> 00:25:06,338
{\an8}CONCENTRATION CAMP.
754
00:25:06,338 --> 00:25:08,406
{\an8}>> Progl: SHE GOT A TAXI.
755
00:25:08,406 --> 00:25:10,208
{\an8}THOSE CAMPS WERE, OF COURSE,
756
00:25:10,208 --> 00:25:11,576
{\an8}IN THE WOODS, AND THEY
757
00:25:11,576 --> 00:25:12,811
{\an8}HAD SENTRIES.
758
00:25:12,811 --> 00:25:13,912
{\an8}WHEN YOU GOT TO THE SECOND
759
00:25:13,912 --> 00:25:15,847
{\an8}SENTRY, HE SAID HE WASN'T GOING
760
00:25:15,847 --> 00:25:17,215
{\an8}FURTHER, BUT MY MOTHER,
761
00:25:17,215 --> 00:25:18,617
{\an8}YOU DIDN'T SAY NO TO.
762
00:25:18,617 --> 00:25:20,185
{\an8}WHEN SHE GOT THERE, SHE TOLD
763
00:25:20,185 --> 00:25:21,319
{\an8}THEM SHE HAD COME TO SEE
764
00:25:21,319 --> 00:25:22,687
{\an8}THE COMMANDANT.
765
00:25:22,687 --> 00:25:26,691
{\an8}I HAD BLOND HAIR,I LOOKED LIKE A REAL
766
00:25:26,691 --> 00:25:32,764
{\an8}GERMAN WHAT THEY CALL,A REAL GERMAN GIRL.
767
00:25:32,764 --> 00:25:34,399
{\an8}>> SHE WAS AN ATTRACTIVE WOMAN,
768
00:25:34,399 --> 00:25:35,367
{\an8}AND THEY PROBABLY FIGURED,
769
00:25:35,367 --> 00:25:37,269
{\an8}"OH, OKAY...
770
00:25:37,269 --> 00:25:39,604
{\an8}HE'S GOT A LITTLE VISITOR."
771
00:25:39,604 --> 00:25:41,273
{\an8}SHE TOLD THEM SHE WAS COMING TO
772
00:25:41,273 --> 00:25:43,074
{\an8}GET HER HUSBAND.
773
00:25:43,074 --> 00:25:46,711
{\an8}NOBODY QUESTIONED ME
774
00:25:46,711 --> 00:25:50,248
{\an8}YOU KNOW THAT HE WAS JEWISH.
775
00:25:50,248 --> 00:25:52,350
{\an8}>> THEY HAD, I GUESS YOU CALL IT
776
00:25:52,350 --> 00:25:53,852
{\an8}"ROLL CALL."
777
00:25:53,852 --> 00:25:54,920
{\an8}AND THEY WERE ALL LINED UP.
778
00:25:54,920 --> 00:25:56,054
{\an8}AND WHEN THEY CALLED HIS NUMBER,
779
00:25:56,087 --> 00:25:57,489
{\an8}MY DAD WASN'T GONNA MOVE.
780
00:25:57,489 --> 00:25:59,291
{\an8}HE FIGURED THAT WAS IT.
781
00:25:59,291 --> 00:26:00,725
{\an8}SO SHE POINTED HIM OUT.
782
00:26:00,725 --> 00:26:03,828
{\an8}AND THAT'S -- TOOK HIM BACK IN
783
00:26:03,828 --> 00:26:05,363
{\an8}THE CAB.
784
00:26:05,363 --> 00:26:09,067
{\an8}HE HAD THICK, BLACK, WAVY HAIR.
785
00:26:09,067 --> 00:26:10,502
{\an8}AND...
786
00:26:14,105 --> 00:26:16,274
{\an8}SHAVED HIS HEAD --
787
00:26:16,274 --> 00:26:17,943
{\an8}NATURALLY, IN THE CONCENTRATION
788
00:26:17,943 --> 00:26:19,444
{\an8}CAMP.
789
00:26:19,444 --> 00:26:23,181
{\an8}AND WHEN MOM BROUGHT HIM,
790
00:26:23,181 --> 00:26:25,483
{\an8}AND I TOOK ONE LOOK AT HIM,
791
00:26:25,483 --> 00:26:27,819
{\an8}AND I RAN AWAY -- AND MY FATHER
792
00:26:27,819 --> 00:26:29,187
{\an8}WAS REAL UPSET.
793
00:26:29,187 --> 00:26:30,722
{\an8}BUT WHAT I DID IS I CAME BACK
794
00:26:30,722 --> 00:26:32,891
{\an8}WITH A HAT...
795
00:26:32,891 --> 00:26:34,926
{\an8}AND I COVERED HIM UP.
796
00:26:35,427 --> 00:26:37,696
{\an8}I COULD'VE STAYED.
797
00:26:37,696 --> 00:26:40,098
{\an8}THEY OFFERED IT TO ME.
798
00:26:40,098 --> 00:26:43,935
{\an8}THEY WOULD ANNUL MY MARRIAGE.
799
00:26:43,935 --> 00:26:46,838
{\an8}I SAID, I HAVE A DAUGHTER.
800
00:26:46,838 --> 00:26:48,907
{\an8}AND I ASKED HIM, I SAID...
801
00:26:48,907 --> 00:26:53,011
{\an8}WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN TO HER?
802
00:26:53,011 --> 00:26:57,716
{\an8}HE SAID FOR HIM TO TAKE A GUESS,
803
00:26:57,716 --> 00:27:01,119
{\an8}SHE'S PROBABLY GOING TO END UP
804
00:27:01,119 --> 00:27:03,622
{\an8}IN A CONCENTRATION CAMP.
805
00:27:03,622 --> 00:27:05,924
{\an8}AND I SAID, NO THANK YOU.
806
00:27:05,924 --> 00:27:07,959
{\an8}WE WILL LEAVE.
807
00:27:07,959 --> 00:27:12,664
{\an8}ALL OF US, YOU KNOW, TOGETHER.
808
00:27:13,264 --> 00:27:15,100
{\an8}>> EVEN WITH AVISA, IT WAS
809
00:27:15,100 --> 00:27:16,568
{\an8}A TERRIFYINGAND DANGEROUS
810
00:27:16,568 --> 00:27:18,336
{\an8}JOURNEY TO FREEDOM.
811
00:27:21,039 --> 00:27:22,407
{\an8}>> Preiss: THE BORDER POLICE
812
00:27:22,407 --> 00:27:23,842
{\an8}WOULDN'T LET US IN.
813
00:27:25,176 --> 00:27:27,812
{\an8}AND SO THEY TOOK US OUT OF THE
814
00:27:27,812 --> 00:27:31,249
{\an8}TRAIN AND RETURNED US TO FRANCE
815
00:27:31,249 --> 00:27:34,919
{\an8}ON THE -- AND WE WENT THROUGH
816
00:27:34,919 --> 00:27:37,088
{\an8}THE TUNNEL, THERE'S A GIANT
817
00:27:37,088 --> 00:27:41,226
{\an8}TUNNEL BETWEEN FRANCE AND ITALY.
818
00:27:41,226 --> 00:27:44,729
{\an8}AND WE WENT BACK AND FORTH
819
00:27:44,729 --> 00:27:46,665
{\an8}THROUGH THAT A NUMBER OF TIMES.
820
00:27:46,665 --> 00:27:48,433
{\an8}THE FRENCH INTERN SAID, "YOUR
821
00:27:48,433 --> 00:27:50,435
{\an8}VISA EXPIRED."
822
00:27:50,435 --> 00:27:52,771
{\an8}SO, BANG, THEY PUT US BACK TO GO
823
00:27:52,771 --> 00:27:54,005
{\an8}TO ITALY.
824
00:27:54,005 --> 00:27:56,241
{\an8}IN THE MEANTIME, OUR BOAT WAS
825
00:27:56,241 --> 00:27:57,776
{\an8}LEAVING.
826
00:27:57,776 --> 00:28:01,646
{\an8}AND MY FATHER WAS DESPERATE.
827
00:28:01,646 --> 00:28:04,683
{\an8}HE FINALLY BRIBED SOMEBODY
828
00:28:04,683 --> 00:28:10,622
{\an8}TO GET US AN ESCORT TO THE BOAT.
829
00:28:10,622 --> 00:28:12,190
{\an8}>> Ambrunn: ON THE BORDER OF
830
00:28:12,190 --> 00:28:14,125
{\an8}ITALY AND GERMANY, NAZIS CAME
831
00:28:14,125 --> 00:28:16,861
{\an8}ONBOARD THE TRAIN,
832
00:28:16,861 --> 00:28:18,930
{\an8}LOOKED AT THE PASSPORTS, AND
833
00:28:18,930 --> 00:28:20,432
{\an8}TOOK ONE LOOK AT ME --
834
00:28:20,432 --> 00:28:23,501
{\an8}WHO WAS A BLONDE, BLUE-EYED.
835
00:28:23,501 --> 00:28:25,670
{\an8}AND HE SAYS, "THIS CHILD IS NOT
836
00:28:25,670 --> 00:28:26,738
{\an8}A JEW.
837
00:28:26,738 --> 00:28:29,441
{\an8}HE IS A TYPICAL ARYAN.
838
00:28:29,441 --> 00:28:31,910
{\an8}WE'RE TAKING HIM OFF THE TRAIN."
839
00:28:31,910 --> 00:28:34,579
{\an8}AND MY PARENTS WERE FORTUNATE
840
00:28:34,579 --> 00:28:37,348
{\an8}ENOUGH TO CONVINCE THEM THAT I
841
00:28:37,348 --> 00:28:39,884
{\an8}WAS THEIR CHILD.
842
00:28:39,884 --> 00:28:41,252
{\an8}>> MANY OTHERFAMILIES WERE
843
00:28:41,252 --> 00:28:43,054
{\an8}TORN APART.
844
00:28:43,054 --> 00:28:44,589
{\an8}>> MY GRANDPARENTS CAME --
845
00:28:44,589 --> 00:28:45,890
{\an8}I'LL NEVER FORGET THIS.
846
00:28:45,890 --> 00:28:47,659
{\an8}I STILL SEE MY GRANDMOTHER.
847
00:28:47,659 --> 00:28:48,626
{\an8}UH...
848
00:28:49,327 --> 00:28:50,595
{\an8}TO THE TRAIN, AND THE
849
00:28:50,595 --> 00:28:52,964
{\an8}GOODBYE WAS AWFUL --
850
00:28:52,964 --> 00:28:54,432
{\an8}BECAUSE MY GRANDPARENTS KNEW
851
00:28:54,432 --> 00:28:57,569
{\an8}THEY MAY NEVER SEE US AGAIN.
852
00:28:57,569 --> 00:28:59,237
{\an8}AND SO IT WAS A VERY,
853
00:28:59,237 --> 00:29:01,940
{\an8}VERY EMOTIONAL
854
00:29:01,940 --> 00:29:04,943
{\an8}AND TEARY GOODBYE.
855
00:29:05,577 --> 00:29:06,578
{\an8}>> MORE THAN AMONTH AFTER
856
00:29:06,578 --> 00:29:08,079
{\an8}McNUTT HAD BEGUNHIS MAVERICK
857
00:29:08,079 --> 00:29:10,248
{\an8}VISA PROCESS, THE STATE
858
00:29:10,248 --> 00:29:11,816
{\an8}DEPARTMENT CAUGHT ON,
859
00:29:11,816 --> 00:29:13,685
{\an8}DEMANDINGINFORMATION ABOUT
860
00:29:13,685 --> 00:29:14,986
{\an8}HUNDREDS OF JEWS WHO WERE
861
00:29:14,986 --> 00:29:16,187
{\an8}APPLYING FOR VISAS TO THE
862
00:29:16,187 --> 00:29:17,956
{\an8}PHILIPPINES.
863
00:29:17,956 --> 00:29:20,225
{\an8}McNUTT REPLIEDCOOLLY THAT MANY
864
00:29:20,225 --> 00:29:22,227
{\an8}REFUGEES HADALREADY ARRIVED,
865
00:29:22,227 --> 00:29:24,195
{\an8}AND THEN UPPEDTHE ANTE SAYING
866
00:29:24,195 --> 00:29:25,296
{\an8}THAT A HUNDRED ADDITIONAL
867
00:29:25,296 --> 00:29:27,065
{\an8}FAMILIES WEREON THEIR WAY.
868
00:29:28,733 --> 00:29:29,534
{\an8}>> Jane Ellis: McNUTT BUCKED
869
00:29:29,534 --> 00:29:31,035
{\an8}THE STATE DEPARTMENT.
870
00:29:31,035 --> 00:29:32,237
{\an8}THE STATE DEPARTMENT WASN'T
871
00:29:32,237 --> 00:29:33,938
{\an8}VERY NICE IN THOSE DAYS.
872
00:29:33,938 --> 00:29:35,540
{\an8}AND I THINK HE GAMBLED HIS
873
00:29:35,540 --> 00:29:37,008
{\an8}WHOLE POLITICAL CAREER
874
00:29:37,008 --> 00:29:37,876
{\an8}ON DOING THIS.
875
00:29:39,077 --> 00:29:39,544
{\an8}>> Kotlowski: WE'VE GOT TO
876
00:29:39,544 --> 00:29:41,646
{\an8}REMEMBER WHAT THE TEMPER OF THE
877
00:29:41,646 --> 00:29:42,947
{\an8}COUNTRY WAS, THE MOOD OF
878
00:29:42,947 --> 00:29:43,948
{\an8}THE UNITED STATES
879
00:29:43,948 --> 00:29:45,617
{\an8}AND THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.
880
00:29:45,617 --> 00:29:48,887
{\an8}YOU HAD AN ANTIPATHY TOWARD MORE
881
00:29:48,887 --> 00:29:49,921
{\an8}REFUGEES.
882
00:29:50,622 --> 00:29:52,357
{\an8}YOU HAD INERTIA AND
883
00:29:52,357 --> 00:29:53,458
{\an8}ANTI-SEMITISM IN THE
884
00:29:53,458 --> 00:29:55,026
{\an8}STATE DEPARTMENT,
885
00:29:55,026 --> 00:29:56,361
{\an8}AND YOU HAD A PRESIDENT AND AN
886
00:29:56,361 --> 00:29:57,896
{\an8}ADMINISTRATION THAT WAS REALLY
887
00:29:57,896 --> 00:30:00,198
{\an8}ONLY INTERMITTENTLY INTERESTED
888
00:30:00,198 --> 00:30:01,032
{\an8}IN THE QUESTION.
889
00:30:02,634 --> 00:30:04,435
{\an8}>> THE U.S.SECRETARY OF STATE
890
00:30:04,435 --> 00:30:06,037
{\an8}POINTEDLY WARNEDTHE PHILIPPINE
891
00:30:06,037 --> 00:30:07,872
{\an8}GOVERNMENT THATTHEY STILL HAD
892
00:30:07,872 --> 00:30:09,307
{\an8}TO ABIDE BY U.S.IMMIGRATION
893
00:30:09,307 --> 00:30:10,408
{\an8}POLICY.
894
00:30:10,408 --> 00:30:12,143
{\an8}BUT QUEZON AND McNUTT
895
00:30:12,143 --> 00:30:14,145
{\an8}STAYED RESOLUTE.
896
00:30:15,547 --> 00:30:16,815
{\an8}AND WHILE THISBUREAUCRATIC
897
00:30:16,815 --> 00:30:18,616
{\an8}BATTLE RAGED, DESPERATE
898
00:30:18,616 --> 00:30:20,051
{\an8}PASSENGERS FLEEINGEUROPE ON
899
00:30:20,084 --> 00:30:22,086
{\an8}THE SSST.LOUIS WERE DENIED
900
00:30:22,086 --> 00:30:23,788
{\an8}ENTRY TO CUBA, THE UNITED
901
00:30:23,788 --> 00:30:25,623
{\an8}STATES, AND CANADA.
902
00:30:26,191 --> 00:30:27,292
{\an8}THEY WERE FORCEDBACK TO AN
903
00:30:27,292 --> 00:30:29,527
{\an8}UNCERTAIN FUTUREIN EUROPE --
904
00:30:29,527 --> 00:30:30,995
{\an8}A EUROPE WHERETHE SYSTEMATIC
905
00:30:30,995 --> 00:30:33,131
{\an8}MURDER OF MILLIONSBEGAN WITH
906
00:30:33,131 --> 00:30:36,668
{\an8}THE INVASION OFPOLAND IN 1939.
907
00:30:37,268 --> 00:30:39,370
{\an8}CONCENTRATIONCAMPS WOULD SOON
908
00:30:39,370 --> 00:30:41,673
{\an8}TRANSFORM INTODEATH CAMPS,
909
00:30:41,673 --> 00:30:43,942
{\an8}AND THE TRAINSFILLED WITH
910
00:30:43,942 --> 00:30:45,910
{\an8}HELPLESS VICTIMSWOULD BEGIN
911
00:30:45,910 --> 00:30:47,145
{\an8}TO ROLL.
912
00:30:59,891 --> 00:31:01,426
{\an8}>> Man: MANILA'S THIS CITY AT
913
00:31:01,426 --> 00:31:03,061
{\an8}THE BOTTOM OF LIKE A U-SHAPED
914
00:31:03,061 --> 00:31:04,629
{\an8}BAY, MANILA BAY.
915
00:31:04,629 --> 00:31:05,864
{\an8}AND AT THE END OF THE BAY,
916
00:31:05,864 --> 00:31:07,098
{\an8}THERE ARE TWO ARMS.
917
00:31:07,098 --> 00:31:08,700
{\an8}ONE WAS CALLED BATAAN AND THERE
918
00:31:08,700 --> 00:31:10,168
{\an8}WAS AN ISLAND THERE CALLED
919
00:31:10,168 --> 00:31:11,669
{\an8}CORREGIDOR, WHICH WAS LIKE THE
920
00:31:11,669 --> 00:31:12,837
{\an8}CORK IN THE BOTTLE.
921
00:31:12,837 --> 00:31:14,005
{\an8}ON THE MANILA SIDE, THERE WAS
922
00:31:14,005 --> 00:31:15,406
{\an8}A BEAUTIFUL DRIVE CALLED
923
00:31:15,406 --> 00:31:16,841
{\an8}DEWEY BOULEVARD.
924
00:31:16,841 --> 00:31:18,176
{\an8}AND ON THE SHORE SIDE, THERE
925
00:31:18,176 --> 00:31:20,578
{\an8}WERE THE MAGNIFICENT HOTELS.
926
00:31:20,578 --> 00:31:22,080
{\an8}THE FANCY MANILA HOTEL WAS THE
927
00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:22,981
{\an8}BIG ONE.
928
00:31:22,981 --> 00:31:25,016
{\an8}BUT ANYBODY COULD WALK ON
929
00:31:25,016 --> 00:31:26,517
{\an8}DEWEY BOULEVARD,
930
00:31:26,517 --> 00:31:27,919
{\an8}WATCH THE SUN SET.
931
00:31:27,919 --> 00:31:28,920
{\an8}AND IF YOU'VE NEVER SEEN
932
00:31:28,920 --> 00:31:30,655
{\an8}A SUNSET IN THE TROPICS,
933
00:31:30,655 --> 00:31:33,358
{\an8}IT'S ABSOLUTELY INCREDIBLE.
934
00:31:33,358 --> 00:31:34,859
{\an8}>> WE ARRIVED ON HITLER'S
935
00:31:34,859 --> 00:31:37,929
{\an8}BIRTHDAY -- APRIL 20th --
936
00:31:37,929 --> 00:31:39,197
{\an8}FIVE DAYS BEFORE MY
937
00:31:39,197 --> 00:31:41,466
{\an8}13th BIRTHDAY.
938
00:31:41,466 --> 00:31:42,967
{\an8}>> Asher: MY AUNT AND UNCLE WERE
939
00:31:42,967 --> 00:31:45,403
{\an8}THERE TO GREET US, AND THEN I
940
00:31:45,403 --> 00:31:46,804
{\an8}DON'T REMEMBER EVEN GETTING OFF
941
00:31:46,804 --> 00:31:47,939
{\an8}THE BOAT.
942
00:31:47,939 --> 00:31:50,475
{\an8}BUT I DO REMEMBER THAT THEY TOOK
943
00:31:50,475 --> 00:31:54,846
{\an8}US TO AN APARTMENT THAT WE
944
00:31:54,846 --> 00:31:56,381
{\an8}SHARED WITH SOMEBODY ELSE --
945
00:31:56,381 --> 00:31:57,582
{\an8}WITH ANOTHER COUPLE.
946
00:31:57,582 --> 00:32:00,285
{\an8}>> Preiss: AND IN MANILA, A MAN
947
00:32:00,285 --> 00:32:03,488
{\an8}IN A WHITE SHARKSKIN SUIT CAME
948
00:32:03,488 --> 00:32:06,724
{\an8}ONBOARD AND WELCOMED MY PARENTS.
949
00:32:06,724 --> 00:32:08,493
{\an8}AND THAT HAPPENED TO BE
950
00:32:08,493 --> 00:32:10,662
{\an8}MR. ALEX FRIEDER.
951
00:32:10,662 --> 00:32:13,264
{\an8}>> Weston: WE HAD AN OPEN HOUSE
952
00:32:13,264 --> 00:32:14,165
{\an8}FOR THE REFUGEES EVERY
953
00:32:14,165 --> 00:32:16,000
{\an8}FRIDAY NIGHT.
954
00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:18,236
{\an8}AND THE TABLE WAS PILED HIGH
955
00:32:18,236 --> 00:32:20,104
{\an8}WITH FRIED CHICKEN
956
00:32:20,104 --> 00:32:22,407
{\an8}AND ORCHIDS FROM THE GARDEN.
957
00:32:22,407 --> 00:32:24,075
{\an8}>> EVERY FRIEDERBROTHER KNEW
958
00:32:24,075 --> 00:32:25,743
{\an8}THAT HE HAD THREE DUTIES
959
00:32:25,743 --> 00:32:27,946
{\an8}WHEN IT WAS HISTURN IN MANILA.
960
00:32:27,946 --> 00:32:30,581
{\an8}>> NUMBER ONE WAS TO BE THE
961
00:32:30,581 --> 00:32:32,016
{\an8}PRESIDENT OF THE SYNAGOG.
962
00:32:32,016 --> 00:32:33,151
{\an8}NUMBER TWO WAS TO RUN THE
963
00:32:33,151 --> 00:32:34,552
{\an8}BUSINESS, AND NUMBER THREE WAS
964
00:32:34,552 --> 00:32:37,021
{\an8}TO GET THE JEWS OUT OF GERMANY.
965
00:32:37,021 --> 00:32:38,656
{\an8}>> THEY RANMANILA'S JEWISH
966
00:32:38,656 --> 00:32:40,391
{\an8}REFUGEE COMMUNITY, MAKING
967
00:32:40,391 --> 00:32:42,327
{\an8}LIFE-AND-DEATHDECISIONS WITH
968
00:32:42,327 --> 00:32:44,395
{\an8}JUST THE POWEROF PERSUASION
969
00:32:44,395 --> 00:32:46,731
{\an8}AND A REPUTATIONFOR INTEGRITY.
970
00:32:46,731 --> 00:32:47,732
{\an8}>> Woman: THE FRIEDERS WOULD SAY
971
00:32:47,732 --> 00:32:48,967
{\an8}TO MY FATHER, "OH, YOU KNOW,
972
00:32:48,967 --> 00:32:50,068
{\an8}WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO TAKE CARE
973
00:32:50,068 --> 00:32:51,769
{\an8}OF THESE PEOPLE, AND ARE YOU
974
00:32:51,769 --> 00:32:52,470
{\an8}COMING IN WITH US?"
975
00:32:52,470 --> 00:32:53,037
{\an8}OR WHATEVER.
976
00:32:53,037 --> 00:32:54,038
{\an8}PROBABLY OVER A POKER GAME.
977
00:32:54,038 --> 00:32:55,440
{\an8}AND MY DAD SAID, "OF COURSE!"
978
00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:57,041
{\an8}YOU KNOW, AND HE WOULD
979
00:32:57,041 --> 00:32:58,009
{\an8}NATURALLY HELP OUT.
980
00:32:58,009 --> 00:32:59,744
{\an8}THIS IS THE WAY THEY DID IT,
981
00:32:59,744 --> 00:33:01,312
{\an8}BY WORD OF MOUTH.
982
00:33:01,312 --> 00:33:03,247
{\an8}>> THE EMIGRES,STRUGGLING TO
983
00:33:03,247 --> 00:33:04,482
{\an8}EARN A LIVING INA STRANGE NEW
984
00:33:04,482 --> 00:33:07,352
{\an8}LAND, BECAMEQUITE CREATIVE.
985
00:33:07,352 --> 00:33:08,753
{\an8}>> Woman: MY MOTHER SUPPLEMENTED
986
00:33:08,753 --> 00:33:09,921
{\an8}THE INCOME BY TAKING
987
00:33:09,921 --> 00:33:12,090
{\an8}IN BOARDERS.
988
00:33:12,090 --> 00:33:13,691
{\an8}AND THE INTERESTING PART ABOUT
989
00:33:13,691 --> 00:33:17,895
{\an8}THAT WAS, IN EUROPE, MY MOTHER
990
00:33:17,895 --> 00:33:20,631
{\an8}NEVER WENT INTO THE KITCHEN
991
00:33:20,631 --> 00:33:22,033
{\an8}OR COOKED OR ANYTHING BECAUSE
992
00:33:22,033 --> 00:33:23,434
{\an8}THEY HAD A COOK, THEY HAD
993
00:33:23,434 --> 00:33:25,370
{\an8}A MAID.
994
00:33:25,370 --> 00:33:26,371
{\an8}>> Man: MY FATHER OPENED
995
00:33:26,371 --> 00:33:29,707
{\an8}A MEAT MARKET AND MY MOM WORKED.
996
00:33:29,707 --> 00:33:31,976
{\an8}IN FACT, SHE DELIVERED MEAT
997
00:33:31,976 --> 00:33:33,978
{\an8}TO HER FRIENDS BY CARRYING
998
00:33:33,978 --> 00:33:36,280
{\an8}THE BAGS AND WALKING,
999
00:33:36,280 --> 00:33:38,249
{\an8}MAYBE TWO OR THREE MILES A DAY.
1000
00:33:38,249 --> 00:33:39,817
{\an8}>> MY FATHER FOUND A JOB ALMOST
1001
00:33:39,817 --> 00:33:41,352
{\an8}IMMEDIATELY.
1002
00:33:41,352 --> 00:33:43,354
{\an8}AND MY MOTHER, I DON'T KNOW WHEN
1003
00:33:43,354 --> 00:33:45,023
{\an8}SHE STARTED, BUT SHE WAS
1004
00:33:45,023 --> 00:33:47,392
{\an8}A GOVERNESS TO A SMALL
1005
00:33:47,392 --> 00:33:49,460
{\an8}AMERICAN BOY.
1006
00:33:49,460 --> 00:33:50,828
{\an8}>> THE HALF-DOZENFAMILIES IN
1007
00:33:50,828 --> 00:33:52,063
{\an8}THE JEWISH COMMUNITYWHO COULD
1008
00:33:52,063 --> 00:33:53,664
{\an8}AFFORD IT WERE DONATING A
1009
00:33:53,664 --> 00:33:55,133
{\an8}PORTION OF THEIRINCOME EVERY
1010
00:33:55,133 --> 00:33:56,968
{\an8}MONTH.
1011
00:33:56,968 --> 00:33:58,469
{\an8}THEIR DONATIONSWERE AS HIGH AS
1012
00:33:58,469 --> 00:34:01,039
{\an8}$2,500.
1013
00:34:01,039 --> 00:34:01,973
{\an8}THAT WOULD BE ALMOST
1014
00:34:01,973 --> 00:34:04,942
{\an8}$40,000 TODAY.
1015
00:34:04,942 --> 00:34:06,844
{\an8}BUT IT WASN'T ENOUGH.
1016
00:34:06,844 --> 00:34:08,179
{\an8}BACK IN THE STATES, THE
1017
00:34:08,179 --> 00:34:09,614
{\an8}FRIEDERS CONTINUEDTO RAISE
1018
00:34:09,614 --> 00:34:11,115
{\an8}FUNDS FROM JEWISH REFUGEE
1019
00:34:11,115 --> 00:34:12,917
{\an8}AGENCIES TO SUPPORTTHE GROWING
1020
00:34:12,917 --> 00:34:15,453
{\an8}RESCUE OPERATIONS.
1021
00:34:15,453 --> 00:34:17,121
{\an8}IN MANILA, THEY RAN FIVE
1022
00:34:17,121 --> 00:34:19,090
{\an8}COMMUNITY HOUSESWHERE REFUGEES
1023
00:34:19,090 --> 00:34:22,060
{\an8}WOULD SHARE EXPENSES.
1024
00:34:22,060 --> 00:34:22,927
{\an8}>> Holzer: AND THERE WERE
1025
00:34:22,927 --> 00:34:24,996
{\an8}A NUMBER OF FAMILIES IN THERE
1026
00:34:24,996 --> 00:34:26,964
{\an8}BEFORE THEY SETTLED ANYWHERE IN
1027
00:34:26,964 --> 00:34:29,934
{\an8}THE CITY WHO WERE LIVING IN,
1028
00:34:29,934 --> 00:34:31,636
{\an8}I THINK IT WAS A LARGE, LARGE
1029
00:34:31,636 --> 00:34:32,070
{\an8}ROOM.
1030
00:34:32,070 --> 00:34:34,472
{\an8}AND WE SLEPT IN A ROOM THAT WAS
1031
00:34:34,472 --> 00:34:36,174
{\an8}DIVIDED UP BY BED SHEETS.
1032
00:34:36,174 --> 00:34:38,142
{\an8}>> THE PRESSURE BECAME PRETTY
1033
00:34:38,142 --> 00:34:40,311
{\an8}BAD, AND PEOPLE WERE FIGHTING
1034
00:34:40,311 --> 00:34:41,446
{\an8}WITH EACH OTHER.
1035
00:34:41,446 --> 00:34:43,748
{\an8}FIGHTING OVER WHOSE --
1036
00:34:43,748 --> 00:34:45,683
{\an8}THERE WAS A COMMON KITCHEN --
1037
00:34:45,683 --> 00:34:48,052
{\an8}OVER WHOSE STUFF IN THE KITCHEN
1038
00:34:48,052 --> 00:34:49,821
{\an8}HAD BEEN TOUCHED BY WHO AND
1039
00:34:49,821 --> 00:34:52,090
{\an8}WHOSE KID DID THIS TO WHOM?
1040
00:34:52,090 --> 00:34:54,559
{\an8}I REMEMBER THE ADULTS GOT INTO
1041
00:34:54,559 --> 00:34:56,227
{\an8}IT ONE DAY, AND THEY WERE
1042
00:34:56,227 --> 00:34:57,895
{\an8}FIST-FIGHTING, AND THEY WERE
1043
00:34:57,895 --> 00:34:59,197
{\an8}BEATING EACH OTHER UP.
1044
00:34:59,197 --> 00:35:01,532
{\an8}AND I RAN AWAY.
1045
00:35:01,532 --> 00:35:04,402
{\an8}YOU DON'T GET THAT FROM ONE DAY
1046
00:35:04,402 --> 00:35:07,805
{\an8}TO THE NEXT OUT, OF YOUR SYSTEM,
1047
00:35:07,805 --> 00:35:11,609
{\an8}THAT ALL OF A SUDDEN,YOU'RE A NOBODY.
1048
00:35:11,609 --> 00:35:12,844
{\an8}>> AND WHILE THISNEW LIFE MAY
1049
00:35:12,844 --> 00:35:13,811
{\an8}HAVE BEENDIFFICULT FOR THE
1050
00:35:13,811 --> 00:35:15,880
{\an8}ADULTS, FOR THE CHILDREN,
1051
00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:18,116
{\an8}IT WAS AN ADVENTURE.
1052
00:35:18,116 --> 00:35:19,350
{\an8}>> Wachs: ONE TIME, MY MOTHER
1053
00:35:19,350 --> 00:35:21,586
{\an8}AND MY SISTER AND I WENT HIKING.
1054
00:35:21,586 --> 00:35:23,321
{\an8}AND WE STRAYED A LITTLE BIT
1055
00:35:23,321 --> 00:35:25,256
{\an8}FAR OUT.
1056
00:35:25,256 --> 00:35:28,126
{\an8}AND THE NATIVES IN THAT AREA
1057
00:35:28,126 --> 00:35:30,595
{\an8}THAT WERE CALLED "IGORATS."
1058
00:35:30,595 --> 00:35:33,331
{\an8}AND WE CAME TO A IGORAT VILLAGE
1059
00:35:33,331 --> 00:35:36,801
{\an8}WHERE ON THE FENCE, ON THE GATE,
1060
00:35:36,801 --> 00:35:39,437
{\an8}THEY HAD A COUPLE OF HEADS.
1061
00:35:39,437 --> 00:35:41,772
{\an8}SO THEY WERE STILL HEADHUNTERS.
1062
00:35:41,772 --> 00:35:43,708
{\an8}WE TURNED AROUND QUICKLY.
1063
00:35:43,708 --> 00:35:45,710
{\an8}>> HARRY BRAUER, WHO WAS ONE OF
1064
00:35:45,710 --> 00:35:47,612
{\an8}MY DAD'S BEST FRIENDS GROWING
1065
00:35:47,612 --> 00:35:49,413
{\an8}UP, THEY WERE SO CLOSE THAT
1066
00:35:49,413 --> 00:35:51,983
{\an8}UNCLE HARRY USED TO SLEEP OVER
1067
00:35:51,983 --> 00:35:53,084
{\an8}IN THE PALACE.
1068
00:35:53,084 --> 00:35:54,719
{\an8}>> I LED THIS STRANGE LIFE,
1069
00:35:54,719 --> 00:35:55,286
{\an8}YOU KNOW.
1070
00:35:55,286 --> 00:35:57,221
{\an8}I LIVED IN A SMALL HOUSE.
1071
00:35:57,221 --> 00:35:59,490
{\an8}MY PARENTS WERE RUNNING
1072
00:35:59,490 --> 00:36:02,226
{\an8}A LITTLE RESTAURANT,
1073
00:36:02,226 --> 00:36:03,895
{\an8}AND EVERY SATURDAY, A
1074
00:36:03,895 --> 00:36:05,897
{\an8}CHAUFFEURED LIMOUSINE CAME AND
1075
00:36:05,897 --> 00:36:08,566
{\an8}PICKED ME UP AND TOOK ME TO
1076
00:36:08,566 --> 00:36:11,502
{\an8}MALACANANG PALACE.
1077
00:36:11,502 --> 00:36:13,771
{\an8}>> I REMEMBER THE PAPAYA TREES.
1078
00:36:13,771 --> 00:36:15,573
{\an8}THE MARVEL OF THE PAPAYA TREE IS
1079
00:36:15,573 --> 00:36:16,707
{\an8}THAT IT'S A TALL TREE,
1080
00:36:16,707 --> 00:36:17,508
{\an8}BUT IT'S FLAT.
1081
00:36:17,508 --> 00:36:19,310
{\an8}IT'S FLAT, IT'S ANGLED.
1082
00:36:19,310 --> 00:36:22,113
{\an8}SO THE ADVENTURE OF CLIMBING UP
1083
00:36:22,113 --> 00:36:23,481
{\an8}WITH YOUR FRIENDS ON A PAPAYA
1084
00:36:23,481 --> 00:36:25,583
{\an8}TREE, IT WAS FUN.
1085
00:36:25,583 --> 00:36:26,617
{\an8}>> FOR MANY CHILDREN,
1086
00:36:26,617 --> 00:36:28,786
{\an8}TEMPLE EMIL, THEONLY SYNAGOG
1087
00:36:28,786 --> 00:36:30,354
{\an8}IN THE PHILIPPINES,WAS THE
1088
00:36:30,354 --> 00:36:32,723
{\an8}CENTER OF THEIR LIVES.
1089
00:36:32,723 --> 00:36:33,224
{\an8}>> Loewenstein: THE JEWISH
1090
00:36:33,224 --> 00:36:34,659
{\an8}COMMUNITY WAS A COHESIVE
1091
00:36:34,659 --> 00:36:35,760
{\an8}COMMUNITY.
1092
00:36:35,760 --> 00:36:39,330
{\an8}AND WE ALL GOT INVOLVED IN A
1093
00:36:39,330 --> 00:36:41,098
{\an8}SYNAGOG AND IN THE JEWISH
1094
00:36:41,098 --> 00:36:42,733
{\an8}COMMUNITY PER SE.
1095
00:36:42,733 --> 00:36:44,035
{\an8}SO WE ALL GOT TO KNOW EACH
1096
00:36:44,035 --> 00:36:44,869
{\an8}OTHER.
1097
00:36:44,869 --> 00:36:45,736
{\an8}>> Weston: THE CHILDREN OF THE
1098
00:36:45,736 --> 00:36:47,205
{\an8}REFUGEES WERE DOING
1099
00:36:47,205 --> 00:36:49,073
{\an8}A PURIM PLAY.
1100
00:36:49,073 --> 00:36:51,676
{\an8}AND THEY WERE ACTING OUT HOW THE
1101
00:36:51,676 --> 00:36:55,213
{\an8}JEWS WERE TREATED IN PERSIA.
1102
00:36:55,213 --> 00:36:56,314
{\an8}>> Wachs: WE HAD SOME RATHER
1103
00:36:56,314 --> 00:36:58,382
{\an8}ELABORATE COSTUMES, YOU KNOW,
1104
00:36:58,382 --> 00:37:00,184
{\an8}CONSIDERING IT WASN'T JUST
1105
00:37:00,184 --> 00:37:01,586
{\an8}MAKESHIFT STUFF.
1106
00:37:01,586 --> 00:37:04,155
{\an8}AND WE HAD REHEARSALS, AND THEN
1107
00:37:04,155 --> 00:37:05,389
{\an8}WE HAD THE PLAY,
1108
00:37:05,389 --> 00:37:07,225
{\an8}AND IT WAS A BIG THING.
1109
00:37:08,025 --> 00:37:10,161
{\an8}>> THE ANCIENTSTORY OF HOPE IS
1110
00:37:10,161 --> 00:37:11,796
{\an8}IN DIRECT CONTRASTTO GERMAN
1111
00:37:11,796 --> 00:37:12,863
{\an8}TANKS ROLLING INTO
1112
00:37:12,863 --> 00:37:15,533
{\an8}DENMARK ANDNORWAY, HAPPENING
1113
00:37:15,533 --> 00:37:17,768
{\an8}AT ALMOST THESAME MOMENT.
1114
00:37:29,614 --> 00:37:31,082
{\an8}AS THE NUMBER OF REFUGEES
1115
00:37:31,082 --> 00:37:33,050
{\an8}SWELLED, PRESIDENT QUEZON
1116
00:37:33,050 --> 00:37:34,185
{\an8}DONATED A PORTION OF HIS
1117
00:37:34,185 --> 00:37:35,519
{\an8}COUNTRY ESTATE FOR
1118
00:37:35,519 --> 00:37:37,154
{\an8}A COMMUNITY HOUSE.
1119
00:37:37,154 --> 00:37:41,058
{\an8}IT WAS NAMED"MARAKINA HALL."
1120
00:37:41,058 --> 00:37:42,893
{\an8}DOZENS OF REFUGEESATTENDED THE
1121
00:37:42,893 --> 00:37:44,495
{\an8}OPENING CEREMONY,
1122
00:37:44,495 --> 00:37:45,730
{\an8}A CELEBRATION FOR
1123
00:37:45,730 --> 00:37:48,499
{\an8}THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY.
1124
00:37:48,499 --> 00:37:50,701
{\an8}>> MARAKINA HALL WAS ACTUALLY
1125
00:37:50,701 --> 00:37:52,169
{\an8}PROPERTY THAT HE HAD BOUGHT
1126
00:37:52,169 --> 00:37:53,304
{\an8}THAT WAS SUPPOSED TO BE THE NEST
1127
00:37:53,304 --> 00:37:54,338
{\an8}EGG FOR MY FATHER.
1128
00:37:54,338 --> 00:37:55,973
{\an8}IT WAS GOING TO BE THE LAND THAT
1129
00:37:55,973 --> 00:37:57,375
{\an8}WOULD MAKE SURE THAT MY FATHER
1130
00:37:57,375 --> 00:37:59,310
{\an8}WOULD HAVE A GOOD LIVING AFTER
1131
00:37:59,310 --> 00:38:01,012
{\an8}HIS FATHER WAS PRESIDENT.
1132
00:38:01,012 --> 00:38:02,780
{\an8}THIS IS WHAT THEY DEVOTED FOR
1133
00:38:02,780 --> 00:38:05,583
{\an8}THE PLACE THAT THE REFUGEES
1134
00:38:05,583 --> 00:38:06,617
{\an8}WOULD STAY IN.
1135
00:38:06,617 --> 00:38:07,385
{\an8}>> Hershfield: AT THE DEDICATION
1136
00:38:07,385 --> 00:38:09,086
{\an8}OF MARAKINA HALL, THERE WERE
1137
00:38:09,086 --> 00:38:11,022
{\an8}THE SPEECHES, AND THAT WAS
1138
00:38:11,022 --> 00:38:12,657
{\an8}VERY EVIDENT THAT THEY WANTED
1139
00:38:12,657 --> 00:38:14,592
{\an8}10,000 JEWS, QUEZON AND THE
1140
00:38:14,592 --> 00:38:16,093
{\an8}FRIEDERS WERE HELPING,
1141
00:38:16,093 --> 00:38:18,195
{\an8}TO COME TO THE PHILIPPINES.
1142
00:38:18,195 --> 00:38:19,497
{\an8}>> PRESIDENT QUEZON WAS
1143
00:38:19,497 --> 00:38:20,831
{\an8}SPEAKING OF APLAN TO BRING
1144
00:38:20,831 --> 00:38:23,000
{\an8}TENS OF THOUSANDSOF JEWS TO
1145
00:38:23,000 --> 00:38:24,435
{\an8}ESTABLISH AFARMING COMMUNITY
1146
00:38:24,435 --> 00:38:25,903
{\an8}ON THE REMOTE ISLAND OF
1147
00:38:25,903 --> 00:38:27,805
{\an8}MINDANAO.
1148
00:38:27,805 --> 00:38:30,074
{\an8}KEEN OBSERVERSOF WORLD EVENTS,
1149
00:38:30,074 --> 00:38:31,309
{\an8}THE POKER PLAYERSWERE WELL
1150
00:38:31,309 --> 00:38:32,777
{\an8}AWARE THAT TIMEWAS RUNNING OUT
1151
00:38:32,777 --> 00:38:34,712
{\an8}FOR EUROPEAN JEWS.
1152
00:38:34,712 --> 00:38:36,247
{\an8}SO THEY ONCE AGAIN UPPED
1153
00:38:36,247 --> 00:38:37,915
{\an8}THE ANTE.
1154
00:38:37,915 --> 00:38:39,417
{\an8}PAUL McNUTTINFORMED THE STATE
1155
00:38:39,417 --> 00:38:41,285
{\an8}DEPARTMENT THATQUEZON WAS
1156
00:38:41,285 --> 00:38:42,520
{\an8}WILLING TO TAKEAS MANY AS
1157
00:38:42,520 --> 00:38:45,489
{\an8}30,000 JEWISH FAMILIES.
1158
00:38:45,489 --> 00:38:47,124
{\an8}ACCORDING TOPHILLIP FRIEDER,
1159
00:38:47,124 --> 00:38:48,826
{\an8}PRESIDENT QUEZONWAS IN FAVOR
1160
00:38:48,826 --> 00:38:50,695
{\an8}OF SETTLING ASMANY REFUGEES AS
1161
00:38:50,695 --> 00:38:52,697
{\an8}POSSIBLE ON MINDANAO,
1162
00:38:52,697 --> 00:38:54,031
{\an8}SAYING HE'D BE HAPPY
1163
00:38:54,031 --> 00:38:55,633
{\an8}IF A MILLION ARRIVED.
1164
00:38:58,269 --> 00:38:59,170
{\an8}>> Sasser: QUEZON WAS A GOOD
1165
00:38:59,170 --> 00:39:00,604
{\an8}CATHOLIC, AND HE THOUGHT THE
1166
00:39:00,604 --> 00:39:01,872
{\an8}MOST UNRELIGIOUS THING HE
1167
00:39:01,872 --> 00:39:03,107
{\an8}COULD THINK OF WAS TO THINK
1168
00:39:03,107 --> 00:39:05,242
{\an8}BADLY TOWARDS THE PEOPLE
1169
00:39:05,242 --> 00:39:07,611
{\an8}THAT GAVE THEM THEIR SAVIOR.
1170
00:39:07,611 --> 00:39:10,281
{\an8}AND I JUST LOVE THAT QUOTE.
1171
00:39:10,281 --> 00:39:11,615
{\an8}>> THE REACTIONFROM THE U.S.
1172
00:39:11,615 --> 00:39:14,218
{\an8}STATE DEPARTMENTWAS NEGATIVE.
1173
00:39:14,218 --> 00:39:16,520
{\an8}ONE MEMO SAIDTHAT 2,000, NOT
1174
00:39:16,520 --> 00:39:18,255
{\an8}30,000, WAS AMORE REALISTIC
1175
00:39:18,255 --> 00:39:21,692
{\an8}NUMBER ANDWARNED THAT "FEW
1176
00:39:21,692 --> 00:39:23,728
{\an8}MEMBERS OF THECAUCASIAN RACE
1177
00:39:23,728 --> 00:39:25,329
{\an8}CAN ENDURE THEHARDSHIPS OF THE
1178
00:39:25,329 --> 00:39:27,932
{\an8}JUNGLE ISLAND."
1179
00:39:27,932 --> 00:39:29,333
{\an8}IN MANILA, GENERAL
1180
00:39:29,333 --> 00:39:31,602
{\an8}EMILIO AGUINALDO,QUEZON'S
1181
00:39:31,602 --> 00:39:33,604
{\an8}POLITICAL RIVAL,GRUMBLED THAT
1182
00:39:33,604 --> 00:39:35,539
{\an8}"JEWS ARE DANGEROUSPEOPLE TO
1183
00:39:35,539 --> 00:39:39,477
{\an8}HAVE AROUND INLARGE NUMBER."
1184
00:39:39,477 --> 00:39:41,145
{\an8}DESPITE THIS OPPOSITION,
1185
00:39:41,145 --> 00:39:42,947
{\an8}QUEZON KEPTPRESSING TO SETTLE
1186
00:39:42,947 --> 00:39:45,149
{\an8}REFUGEES ON MINDANAO,
1187
00:39:45,149 --> 00:39:46,784
{\an8}ALTHOUGH THEPLAN WAS LOWERED
1188
00:39:46,784 --> 00:39:48,619
{\an8}TO 10,000 FAMILIES AND
1189
00:39:48,619 --> 00:39:50,054
{\an8}STRETCHED OUTOVER A PERIOD OF
1190
00:39:50,054 --> 00:39:52,556
{\an8}MANY YEARS.
1191
00:39:52,556 --> 00:39:53,924
{\an8}THE FRIEDERSNEVER GAVE UP ON
1192
00:39:53,924 --> 00:39:55,926
{\an8}MINDANAO, CONDUCTING LAND
1193
00:39:55,926 --> 00:39:58,028
{\an8}SURVEYS ANDLOBBYING FILIPINO
1194
00:39:58,028 --> 00:40:00,698
{\an8}LAWMAKERS.
1195
00:40:00,698 --> 00:40:04,201
{\an8}ON NOVEMBER 21,1941, THE FINAL
1196
00:40:04,201 --> 00:40:05,469
{\an8}CONTRACT FOR THEPURCHASE OF
1197
00:40:05,469 --> 00:40:07,271
{\an8}LAND IN MINDANAO ARRIVED
1198
00:40:07,271 --> 00:40:09,473
{\an8}IN NEW YORK.
1199
00:40:09,473 --> 00:40:10,841
{\an8}THE POKER PLAYERSHAD BET THE
1200
00:40:10,841 --> 00:40:13,444
{\an8}POT, AND THEY HAD WON.
1201
00:40:13,444 --> 00:40:15,246
{\an8}THOUSANDS MOREREFUGEES COULD
1202
00:40:15,246 --> 00:40:16,981
{\an8}COME TO THE PHILIPPINES.
1203
00:40:26,056 --> 00:40:27,792
{\an8}BUT CIRCUMSTANCES QUICKLY
1204
00:40:27,792 --> 00:40:30,194
{\an8}CHANGED EVERYTHING.
1205
00:40:30,194 --> 00:40:31,829
{\an8}DAYS LATER, ALLATTEMPTS AT
1206
00:40:31,829 --> 00:40:34,165
{\an8}RESCUE ANDRELOCATION ENDED
1207
00:40:34,165 --> 00:40:35,633
{\an8}AS JAPANESE WAR PLANES
1208
00:40:35,633 --> 00:40:37,568
{\an8}ATTACKED PEARL HARBOR.
1209
00:40:39,570 --> 00:40:41,705
{\an8}WITHIN HOURS,JAPANESE BOMBERS
1210
00:40:41,705 --> 00:40:44,308
{\an8}ALSO APPEAREDOVER MANILA.
1211
00:40:44,308 --> 00:40:45,743
{\an8}AND THE BOMBATTACKS CONTINUED
1212
00:40:45,743 --> 00:40:47,244
{\an8}EVEN AFTER MacARTHURPULLED THE
1213
00:40:47,244 --> 00:40:49,447
{\an8}AMERICAN TROOPSOUT OF MANILA
1214
00:40:49,447 --> 00:40:52,082
{\an8}AND DECLARED ITAN OPEN CITY.
1215
00:40:52,082 --> 00:40:53,651
{\an8}IT WAS AN ATTACKTHAT MANY
1216
00:40:53,651 --> 00:40:55,686
{\an8}AMERICANS HAD DREADED.
1217
00:40:55,686 --> 00:40:57,221
{\an8}>> MY MOTHER KEPT CYANIDE PILLS
1218
00:40:57,221 --> 00:40:59,990
{\an8}IN HER MEDICINE CABINET SO THAT
1219
00:40:59,990 --> 00:41:02,726
{\an8}IF THE JAPANESE EVER CAPTURED
1220
00:41:02,726 --> 00:41:05,930
{\an8}US, SHE WAS PREPARED TO...
1221
00:41:05,963 --> 00:41:08,432
{\an8}TAKE, AS I SAY, CYANIDE PILLS
1222
00:41:08,432 --> 00:41:10,000
{\an8}AND GIVE THEM TO MY BROTHER
1223
00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:11,902
{\an8}AND MYSELF.
1224
00:41:11,902 --> 00:41:13,204
{\an8}>> PHILLIP FRIEDERWANTED TO
1225
00:41:13,204 --> 00:41:14,805
{\an8}STAY AND RUN THEBUSINESS AND
1226
00:41:14,805 --> 00:41:16,674
{\an8}CARE FOR THE REFUGEES.
1227
00:41:16,674 --> 00:41:18,843
{\an8}IN THE END, PAULMcNUTT HAD TO
1228
00:41:18,843 --> 00:41:20,544
{\an8}TRICK PHILLIPINTO LEAVING
1229
00:41:20,544 --> 00:41:21,612
{\an8}BY TELLING HIMTHERE WAS A
1230
00:41:21,612 --> 00:41:23,080
{\an8}FAMILY CRISIS BACK IN
1231
00:41:23,080 --> 00:41:24,582
{\an8}CINCINNATI.
1232
00:41:25,549 --> 00:41:27,418
{\an8}>> Dick: ON THE BOAT GOING BACK
1233
00:41:27,418 --> 00:41:30,754
{\an8}FROM MANILA TO SAN FRANCISCO, WE
1234
00:41:30,754 --> 00:41:32,289
{\an8}PASSED THE JAPANESE FLEET.
1235
00:41:32,289 --> 00:41:33,524
{\an8}AND I REMEMBER WHEN WE PASSED
1236
00:41:33,524 --> 00:41:35,426
{\an8}THE JAPANESE FLEET, THERE WAS
1237
00:41:35,426 --> 00:41:40,297
{\an8}GREAT TERROR ON THE DECK.
1238
00:41:40,297 --> 00:41:41,699
{\an8}>> IN A MATTER OF MONTHS,
1239
00:41:41,699 --> 00:41:43,501
{\an8}MacARTHUR AND THEQUEZON FAMILY
1240
00:41:43,501 --> 00:41:45,669
{\an8}HAD BEEN FORCEDTO EVACUATE
1241
00:41:45,669 --> 00:41:47,438
{\an8}AND MANILA WAS OCCUPIED
1242
00:41:47,438 --> 00:41:50,708
{\an8}BY THE JAPANESE.
1243
00:41:50,708 --> 00:41:51,775
{\an8}IT MARKED THEBEGINNING OF
1244
00:41:51,775 --> 00:41:53,911
{\an8}YEARS OF PRIVATION,SUFFERING,
1245
00:41:53,911 --> 00:41:55,946
{\an8}AND DEATH FOR FILIPINOS
1246
00:41:55,946 --> 00:41:58,516
{\an8}AND REFUGEES ALIKE.
1247
00:41:58,516 --> 00:41:59,717
{\an8}>> WE HAD GONE FROM
1248
00:41:59,717 --> 00:42:03,053
{\an8}THE FRYING PAN INTO THE FIRE.
1249
00:42:03,921 --> 00:42:05,956
{\an8}>> Owens: IT WAS ABOUT 3:00 OR
1250
00:42:05,956 --> 00:42:08,359
{\an8}4:00 IN THE MORNING, I BELIEVE,
1251
00:42:08,359 --> 00:42:12,329
{\an8}AND THIS GREAT BIG BANG-BANG
1252
00:42:12,329 --> 00:42:14,265
{\an8}ON THE FRONT DOOR.
1253
00:42:14,265 --> 00:42:15,799
{\an8}THEY WERE LITERALLY
1254
00:42:15,799 --> 00:42:17,368
{\an8}TEARING IT DOWN.
1255
00:42:17,368 --> 00:42:19,069
{\an8}AND THEN THEY CAME UPSTAIRS,
1256
00:42:19,069 --> 00:42:21,705
{\an8}AND WE WERE ALL ASLEEP.
1257
00:42:21,705 --> 00:42:23,974
{\an8}AND THEN WAKE UP, THERE'S
1258
00:42:23,974 --> 00:42:26,810
{\an8}BAYONETS LOOKING DOWN AT YOU.
1259
00:42:26,810 --> 00:42:28,846
{\an8}I CAN PICTURE US WALKING DOWN
1260
00:42:28,846 --> 00:42:31,649
{\an8}THE STREET, AND THE SUN WASN'T
1261
00:42:31,649 --> 00:42:33,017
{\an8}UP YET.
1262
00:42:33,017 --> 00:42:34,718
{\an8}AND IT WAS DARK, AND WE'RE ALL
1263
00:42:34,718 --> 00:42:36,120
{\an8}FOLLOWING MY DAD.
1264
00:42:36,120 --> 00:42:37,821
{\an8}WE COULDN'T EVEN LOOK AT
1265
00:42:37,821 --> 00:42:40,591
{\an8}ANYTHING THAT WE LEFT BEHIND.
1266
00:42:40,591 --> 00:42:42,359
{\an8}SO WE JUST...
1267
00:42:42,359 --> 00:42:44,862
{\an8}FROM THE BED TO THE STREET.
1268
00:42:44,862 --> 00:42:47,531
{\an8}AND THEY MADE OUR HOME THEIR
1269
00:42:47,531 --> 00:42:49,934
{\an8}OFFICERS' QUARTERS.
1270
00:42:49,934 --> 00:42:51,235
{\an8}>> THE JAPANESECONQUERED THE
1271
00:42:51,235 --> 00:42:52,803
{\an8}REST OF THE PHILIPPINES,
1272
00:42:52,803 --> 00:42:54,338
{\an8}STARVING OUT THELAST AMERICAN
1273
00:42:54,338 --> 00:42:56,106
{\an8}MILITARY OUTPOSTON BATAAN
1274
00:42:56,106 --> 00:42:57,508
{\an8}AND CORREGIDOR
1275
00:42:57,508 --> 00:42:58,475
{\an8}AND MARCHING THE SOLDIERS
1276
00:42:58,475 --> 00:43:00,678
{\an8}OFF TO BRUTALPRISON CAMPS.
1277
00:43:02,947 --> 00:43:03,981
{\an8}>> Wachs: WE WERE THERE FOR THE
1278
00:43:03,981 --> 00:43:06,016
{\an8}DEATH MARCH WHEN THE AMERICANS
1279
00:43:06,016 --> 00:43:08,118
{\an8}CAME THROUGH THE STREETS.
1280
00:43:08,118 --> 00:43:10,387
{\an8}WE WERE KIND OF PEERING OUT THE
1281
00:43:10,387 --> 00:43:13,357
{\an8}WINDOW AND IT WAS HORRIBLE.
1282
00:43:13,357 --> 00:43:16,160
{\an8}IT WAS JUST...
1283
00:43:16,160 --> 00:43:17,628
{\an8}PEOPLE DRAGGING ALONG THE
1284
00:43:17,628 --> 00:43:19,296
{\an8}STREET, MARCHING ALONG WITH THE
1285
00:43:19,296 --> 00:43:23,534
{\an8}JAPANESE GUARDS ON EITHER SIDE.
1286
00:43:23,534 --> 00:43:24,234
{\an8}>> IT WASN'T JUST
1287
00:43:24,234 --> 00:43:26,704
{\an8}MILITARY PRISONERSOF WAR,
1288
00:43:26,704 --> 00:43:29,440
{\an8}CIVILIANS WEREALSO ROUNDED UP.
1289
00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:31,809
{\an8}AMERICANS,BRITONS, AND OTHER
1290
00:43:31,809 --> 00:43:33,978
{\an8}ENEMIES OF JAPANWERE INTERNED
1291
00:43:33,978 --> 00:43:36,413
{\an8}WITH LITTLE FOODOR MEDICINE.
1292
00:43:36,413 --> 00:43:38,282
{\an8}>> MY BROTHER AND I USED TO
1293
00:43:38,282 --> 00:43:38,882
{\an8}BRING FOOD.
1294
00:43:38,882 --> 00:43:40,184
{\an8}MY FATHER GAVE IT TO US.
1295
00:43:40,184 --> 00:43:41,318
{\an8}AND WHEN THE JAPANESE WEREN'T
1296
00:43:41,318 --> 00:43:42,286
{\an8}LOOKING, WE'D THROW IT OVER THE
1297
00:43:42,286 --> 00:43:43,654
{\an8}FENCE SO THEY'D HAVE SOMETHING
1298
00:43:43,654 --> 00:43:45,322
{\an8}TO EAT.
1299
00:43:45,322 --> 00:43:47,124
{\an8}>> IRONICALLY,THE JAPANESE
1300
00:43:47,124 --> 00:43:49,026
{\an8}TREATED MANYJEWISH REFUGEES
1301
00:43:49,026 --> 00:43:50,828
{\an8}AS ALLIES,ALLOWING THEM TO
1302
00:43:50,828 --> 00:43:53,697
{\an8}RETURN TO THEIR HOMES.
1303
00:43:53,697 --> 00:43:54,498
{\an8}>> Woman: THE JAPANESE WOULD
1304
00:43:54,498 --> 00:43:56,367
{\an8}LOOK AT MY PARENTS' PASSPORTS
1305
00:43:56,367 --> 00:43:58,936
{\an8}AND SAY, "OH, YOU'RE AUSTRIAN.
1306
00:43:58,936 --> 00:44:00,471
{\an8}OH, THAT MEANS YOU'RE GERMAN."
1307
00:44:00,471 --> 00:44:01,972
{\an8}[ CHUCKLES ]
1308
00:44:01,972 --> 00:44:02,906
{\an8}"THAT MEANS YOU'RE THE GOOD
1309
00:44:02,906 --> 00:44:04,108
{\an8}GUYS."
1310
00:44:04,108 --> 00:44:05,809
{\an8}THEY WEREN'T ANTI-SEMITIC.
1311
00:44:05,809 --> 00:44:07,378
{\an8}THEY SAID, "IF YOU'RE GERMAN,
1312
00:44:07,378 --> 00:44:09,179
{\an8}YOU'RE ON OUR SIDE."
1313
00:44:09,179 --> 00:44:10,481
{\an8}>> BUT THEREFUGEES HAD NO
1314
00:44:10,481 --> 00:44:11,782
{\an8}DOUBT WHOSESIDE THEY WERE
1315
00:44:11,782 --> 00:44:13,550
{\an8}REALLY ON.
1316
00:44:13,550 --> 00:44:14,885
{\an8}>> Ambrunn: ONE OF THE STUPIDEST
1317
00:44:14,885 --> 00:44:16,820
{\an8}THINGS MY BROTHER AND I DID WAS
1318
00:44:16,820 --> 00:44:18,956
{\an8}WE STOLE HAND GRENADES FROM THE
1319
00:44:18,956 --> 00:44:21,125
{\an8}JAPANESE AND GAVE IT TO THE
1320
00:44:21,125 --> 00:44:23,160
{\an8}FILIPINO GUERILLAS.
1321
00:44:23,160 --> 00:44:24,294
{\an8}IF MY PARENTS WOULD HAVE FOUND
1322
00:44:24,294 --> 00:44:25,462
{\an8}OUT, I DON'T THINK
1323
00:44:25,462 --> 00:44:28,165
{\an8}WE'D BE HERE RIGHT NOW.
1324
00:44:28,165 --> 00:44:30,200
{\an8}>> THE JAPANESERULED MANILA
1325
00:44:30,200 --> 00:44:33,671
{\an8}WITH A CRUEL ANDBRUTAL HAND.
1326
00:44:33,671 --> 00:44:34,972
{\an8}>> IF THEY CAUGHT SOMEBODY
1327
00:44:34,972 --> 00:44:36,306
{\an8}STEALING, THEY'D STRING THEM UP
1328
00:44:36,306 --> 00:44:37,875
{\an8}ON A TREE.
1329
00:44:37,875 --> 00:44:40,177
{\an8}AND EVERY JAPANESE THAT WALKED
1330
00:44:40,177 --> 00:44:44,314
{\an8}BY WOULD KICK OR SLAP OR HIT
1331
00:44:44,314 --> 00:44:46,550
{\an8}THE PERSON ON THE TREE.
1332
00:44:46,550 --> 00:44:47,651
{\an8}>> THEY'D BEAT THIS GUY
1333
00:44:47,651 --> 00:44:51,422
{\an8}FOR HOUR AFTER HOUR AFTER HOUR.
1334
00:44:51,422 --> 00:44:53,524
{\an8}AND...
1335
00:44:53,524 --> 00:44:55,259
{\an8}EVENTUALLY, HE DIED.
1336
00:45:02,199 --> 00:45:03,434
{\an8}>> AFTER ALMOSTTHREE LONG
1337
00:45:03,434 --> 00:45:05,669
{\an8}YEARS OF JAPANESEOCCUPATION,
1338
00:45:05,669 --> 00:45:07,204
{\an8}GENERAL MacARTHURMADE GOOD
1339
00:45:07,204 --> 00:45:09,339
{\an8}ON HIS PROMISETO RETURN AND
1340
00:45:09,339 --> 00:45:12,476
{\an8}LIBERATE THE PHILIPPINES.
1341
00:45:12,476 --> 00:45:13,811
{\an8}>> Loewenstein: I RECALL, VERY
1342
00:45:13,811 --> 00:45:17,014
{\an8}VIVIDLY AT ONE TIME, ONE OF THE
1343
00:45:17,014 --> 00:45:20,317
{\an8}PURSUIT PLANES WHO WAS FLYING
1344
00:45:20,317 --> 00:45:24,354
{\an8}DOWN QUITE LOW, AND I WAS ON THE
1345
00:45:24,354 --> 00:45:25,989
{\an8}STREET IN FRONT OF MY HOUSE.
1346
00:45:25,989 --> 00:45:29,860
{\an8}AND APPARENTLY THE PILOT SAW.
1347
00:45:29,860 --> 00:45:32,896
{\an8}AND HE DID A 360 AND FLEW BACK
1348
00:45:32,896 --> 00:45:36,066
{\an8}AND DROPPED A HERSHEY CANDY BAR
1349
00:45:36,066 --> 00:45:37,701
{\an8}TO ME.
1350
00:45:37,701 --> 00:45:39,103
{\an8}WE SPLIT IT.
1351
00:45:39,103 --> 00:45:40,704
{\an8}YOU KNOW, LIKE, 30 DIFFERENT
1352
00:45:40,704 --> 00:45:42,272
{\an8}WAYS.
1353
00:45:42,272 --> 00:45:44,241
{\an8}EVERYBODY GOT A TASTE OF IT.
1354
00:45:44,241 --> 00:45:46,744
{\an8}UH...
1355
00:45:46,744 --> 00:45:48,512
{\an8}YEAH, IT WAS GREAT, BECAUSE IT
1356
00:45:48,512 --> 00:45:50,214
{\an8}WAS ONE STEP CLOSER TO
1357
00:45:50,214 --> 00:45:51,849
{\an8}LIBERATION, YOU KNOW?
1358
00:45:51,849 --> 00:45:53,450
{\an8}[ GUNS BOOMING ]
1359
00:45:53,450 --> 00:45:55,519
{\an8}>> BUT THE WARWAS NOT OVER.
1360
00:45:55,519 --> 00:45:57,454
{\an8}DESPITE MacARTHUR'SRETURN,
1361
00:45:57,454 --> 00:46:00,023
{\an8}THE WORST WASYET TO COME.
1362
00:46:02,559 --> 00:46:04,762
{\an8}JAPANESE SUPREMECOMMAND ISSUED
1363
00:46:04,762 --> 00:46:06,163
{\an8}ORDERS TO KILL OR BURN
1364
00:46:06,163 --> 00:46:08,165
{\an8}EVERYTHING IN THEIR PATH
1365
00:46:08,165 --> 00:46:11,001
{\an8}AS THEY RETREATEDFROM MANILA.
1366
00:46:11,101 --> 00:46:12,669
{\an8}[ AIR-RAID SIREN WAILS ]
1367
00:46:14,104 --> 00:46:15,305
{\an8}>> Owens: YOU COULD SEE MANILA
1368
00:46:15,305 --> 00:46:18,175
{\an8}BURNING FOR A WHOLE WEEK.
1369
00:46:18,175 --> 00:46:19,810
{\an8}AND IT WAS SO BRIGHT,
1370
00:46:19,810 --> 00:46:22,746
{\an8}AND IT NEVER DIED FOR A WHOLE
1371
00:46:22,746 --> 00:46:24,081
{\an8}WEEK OR SO.
1372
00:46:24,081 --> 00:46:25,616
{\an8}AND THE FIRES WERE JUST BURNING
1373
00:46:25,616 --> 00:46:27,351
{\an8}AND BURNING AND BURNING.
1374
00:46:27,351 --> 00:46:28,385
{\an8}AND WE WERE RIGHT IN
1375
00:46:28,385 --> 00:46:29,953
{\an8}THE MIDDLE OF IT.
1376
00:46:33,857 --> 00:46:35,192
{\an8}>> THE HORROROF BEING CAUGHT
1377
00:46:35,192 --> 00:46:37,161
{\an8}BETWEEN TWO ARMIESSEEMED LIKE
1378
00:46:37,161 --> 00:46:39,730
{\an8}IT WOULD GO ON FOREVER.
1379
00:46:43,600 --> 00:46:44,701
{\an8}>> MY FATHER BROUGHT MY
1380
00:46:44,701 --> 00:46:48,205
{\an8}MOTHER AND ME TO A SAFE PLACE.
1381
00:46:48,205 --> 00:46:50,174
{\an8}HE WENT BACK INTO THE HOUSE, GOT
1382
00:46:50,174 --> 00:46:51,575
{\an8}A FEW MORE THINGS, AND WHEN HE
1383
00:46:51,575 --> 00:46:54,912
{\an8}CAME OUT, THE JAPANESE SAW HIM,
1384
00:46:54,912 --> 00:46:56,113
{\an8}AND THEY KILLED HIM --
1385
00:46:56,113 --> 00:46:57,881
{\an8}THEY BAYONETED HIM.
1386
00:46:57,881 --> 00:47:01,018
{\an8}IT WAS PRETTY BAD.
1387
00:47:01,018 --> 00:47:01,752
{\an8}>> Loewenstein: AND WE SAW THE
1388
00:47:01,752 --> 00:47:03,120
{\an8}JAPANESE GO INTO A HOUSE
1389
00:47:03,120 --> 00:47:05,222
{\an8}NEXT TO US.
1390
00:47:05,222 --> 00:47:07,858
{\an8}THERE WAS A FAMILY IN THERE,
1391
00:47:07,858 --> 00:47:09,193
{\an8}AND...
1392
00:47:09,193 --> 00:47:10,160
{\an8}THEY HAD A BABY.
1393
00:47:10,160 --> 00:47:11,895
{\an8}AND THE JAPANESE THREW THE BABY
1394
00:47:11,895 --> 00:47:13,897
{\an8}UP AND CAUGHT IT WITH A BAYONET.
1395
00:47:13,897 --> 00:47:15,032
{\an8}>> WE WERE LINED UP AGAINST
1396
00:47:15,032 --> 00:47:15,599
{\an8}THE WALL.
1397
00:47:15,599 --> 00:47:17,201
{\an8}AND THEY STARTED TO LOAD
1398
00:47:17,201 --> 00:47:18,535
{\an8}THEIR RIFLES.
1399
00:47:18,535 --> 00:47:20,470
{\an8}AND THEY WERE GONNA SHOOT US
1400
00:47:20,470 --> 00:47:22,039
{\an8}ON A FIRING SQUAD.
1401
00:47:22,039 --> 00:47:24,675
{\an8}AND WE BEGGED FOR OUR LIVES.
1402
00:47:24,675 --> 00:47:25,909
{\an8}>> RIGHT NEXT TO OUR HOUSE,
1403
00:47:25,909 --> 00:47:28,412
{\an8}IN THE BACK OF OUR HOUSE,
1404
00:47:28,412 --> 00:47:30,514
{\an8}A HOUSE HAD BURNED A DAY
1405
00:47:30,514 --> 00:47:31,648
{\an8}OR TWO BEFORE.
1406
00:47:31,648 --> 00:47:34,518
{\an8}THE HOUSES HAD CORRUGATED ROOFS.
1407
00:47:34,518 --> 00:47:36,253
{\an8}SO WE WENT UNDER THE CORRUGATED
1408
00:47:36,253 --> 00:47:39,289
{\an8}ROOF TO LIE DOWN.
1409
00:47:39,289 --> 00:47:42,092
{\an8}AND, UNFORTUNATELY, RIGHT NEXT
1410
00:47:42,092 --> 00:47:43,427
{\an8}TO ME WAS A WOMAN WHO HAD BEEN
1411
00:47:43,427 --> 00:47:45,696
{\an8}BAYONETED AND WAS DEAD.
1412
00:47:45,696 --> 00:47:48,432
{\an8}IT WAS...
1413
00:47:48,432 --> 00:47:52,135
{\an8}HER WHOLE BODY EXPOSED BECAUSE
1414
00:47:52,135 --> 00:47:55,205
{\an8}SHE'D BEEN BAYONETED.
1415
00:47:55,205 --> 00:47:57,941
{\an8}AND WE LAY THERE FOR TWO DAYS.
1416
00:47:57,941 --> 00:47:59,042
{\an8}>> ALL AROUND US, THERE WERE
1417
00:47:59,042 --> 00:48:01,745
{\an8}OTHER PEOPLE IN FOXHOLES.
1418
00:48:01,745 --> 00:48:02,779
{\an8}AND THE LOUDER THE BOMBING,
1419
00:48:02,779 --> 00:48:04,681
{\an8}THE LOUDER THE PRAYING.
1420
00:48:04,681 --> 00:48:05,916
{\an8}>> Farquhar: I WAS THIS LITTLE
1421
00:48:05,916 --> 00:48:08,051
{\an8}BABY, AND I WAS CRYING.
1422
00:48:08,051 --> 00:48:09,086
{\an8}AND THEY WERE STUFFING
1423
00:48:09,086 --> 00:48:10,554
{\an8}HANDKERCHIEFS IN MY MOUTH
1424
00:48:10,554 --> 00:48:11,855
{\an8}TO "SHUT THE BABY UP,
1425
00:48:11,855 --> 00:48:13,957
{\an8}SHUT THE BABY UP!"
1426
00:48:13,957 --> 00:48:16,560
{\an8}>> SO WITHIN A TWO-WEEK PERIOD
1427
00:48:16,560 --> 00:48:19,196
{\an8}OF THE LIBERATION, OVER 100,000
1428
00:48:19,196 --> 00:48:20,764
{\an8}CIVILIANS WERE KILLED
1429
00:48:20,764 --> 00:48:21,965
{\an8}INDISCRIMINATELY.
1430
00:48:21,965 --> 00:48:22,900
{\an8}THEY DIDN'T CARE IF THEY WERE
1431
00:48:22,900 --> 00:48:24,101
{\an8}JEWS, THEY DIDN'T CARE IF THEY
1432
00:48:24,101 --> 00:48:25,903
{\an8}WERE FILIPINOS -- THEY DIDN'T
1433
00:48:25,903 --> 00:48:27,804
{\an8}CARE WHO THEY WERE.
1434
00:48:27,804 --> 00:48:29,673
{\an8}>> IN THE FOGOF WAR, IT WAS
1435
00:48:29,673 --> 00:48:33,043
{\an8}HARD TO TELLFRIEND FROM FOE.
1436
00:48:33,043 --> 00:48:33,477
{\an8}>> Farquhar: THEY HEARD
1437
00:48:33,477 --> 00:48:36,179
{\an8}FOOTSTEPS CLOSE TO THE FOXHOLE
1438
00:48:36,179 --> 00:48:38,215
{\an8}STOPPING RIGHT AT THE EDGE.
1439
00:48:38,215 --> 00:48:40,317
{\an8}AND THEY SAID, "WE'RE DOOMED.
1440
00:48:40,317 --> 00:48:40,951
{\an8}THEY FOUND US.
1441
00:48:40,951 --> 00:48:41,985
{\an8}THIS IS IT.
1442
00:48:41,985 --> 00:48:43,353
{\an8}THE BABY GAVE US AWAY."
1443
00:48:43,353 --> 00:48:44,821
{\an8}[ CHUCKLES ]
1444
00:48:44,821 --> 00:48:46,123
{\an8}"WE'RE DEAD."
1445
00:48:46,123 --> 00:48:47,124
{\an8}AND THE NEXT THING THEY HEARD
1446
00:48:47,124 --> 00:48:48,458
{\an8}WAS, "ANYONE WANT
1447
00:48:48,458 --> 00:48:50,594
{\an8}A CHESTERFIELD?"
1448
00:48:51,929 --> 00:48:52,796
{\an8}>> THE GUY SLID DOWN.
1449
00:48:52,796 --> 00:48:53,897
{\an8}HE HAD HIS RIFLE.
1450
00:48:53,897 --> 00:48:55,032
{\an8}HE WAS LOOKING ALL AROUND.
1451
00:48:55,032 --> 00:48:56,733
{\an8}IT WAS, I DON'T KNOW,
1452
00:48:56,733 --> 00:48:58,635
{\an8}20, 30 PEOPLE IN THERE.
1453
00:48:58,635 --> 00:49:01,271
{\an8}AND IT TURNS OUT WHEN HE CAME
1454
00:49:01,271 --> 00:49:03,273
{\an8}DOWN, HIS HELMET FLEW OFF
1455
00:49:03,273 --> 00:49:04,708
{\an8}AND HE WAS BLONDE AND BLUE-EYED.
1456
00:49:04,708 --> 00:49:05,409
{\an8}AND WE GRABBED HIM,
1457
00:49:05,409 --> 00:49:07,311
{\an8}AND WE KISSED HIM.
1458
00:49:07,311 --> 00:49:09,646
{\an8}AND HE SAID TO US,
1459
00:49:09,646 --> 00:49:10,814
{\an8}"LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, PLEASE.
1460
00:49:10,814 --> 00:49:11,915
{\an8}I GOT A WAR TO FIGHT.
1461
00:49:11,915 --> 00:49:13,784
{\an8}LET ME GO!"
1462
00:49:13,784 --> 00:49:15,218
{\an8}>> FINALLY, THE WAR
1463
00:49:15,218 --> 00:49:16,887
{\an8}WAS REALLY OVER.
1464
00:49:16,887 --> 00:49:24,061
{\an8}WE WENT THROUGH SOME VERY HARDTIMES THERE, IN THE PHILIPPINES.
1465
00:49:24,061 --> 00:49:28,065
{\an8}IT WAS NO PICNIC THERE.
1466
00:49:28,065 --> 00:49:32,970
{\an8}BUT AS YOU SEE, WE SURVIVED.
1467
00:49:36,373 --> 00:49:37,641
{\an8}>> REFUGEES AND MANY OF
1468
00:49:37,641 --> 00:49:38,842
{\an8}THE JEWISHSOLDIERS WHO HAD
1469
00:49:38,842 --> 00:49:40,477
{\an8}RESCUED THEM GATHERED AT
1470
00:49:40,477 --> 00:49:42,412
{\an8}THE SAN LAZARO RACETRACK
1471
00:49:42,412 --> 00:49:43,180
{\an8}FOR THE FIRST NIGHT
1472
00:49:43,180 --> 00:49:44,381
{\an8}OF PASSOVER.
1473
00:49:45,582 --> 00:49:45,882
{\an8}>> Lipetz: IT WAS
1474
00:49:45,882 --> 00:49:48,719
{\an8}A WONDERFUL EXPERIENCE.
1475
00:49:48,719 --> 00:49:52,122
{\an8}IT BROUGHT TO MIND AT THAT TIME
1476
00:49:52,122 --> 00:49:54,825
{\an8}THAT WE WERE REALLY FREE.
1477
00:49:54,825 --> 00:49:55,692
{\an8}>> THE BOY WHO ASKED THE
1478
00:49:55,692 --> 00:49:57,961
{\an8}FOUR QUESTIONS
- WAS 10-
- YEAR-OLD
1479
00:49:57,961 --> 00:50:00,230
{\an8}GEORGE LOEWENSTEIN.
1480
00:50:00,230 --> 00:50:01,999
{\an8}>> WHAT WAS IT LIKE?
1481
00:50:01,999 --> 00:50:02,933
{\an8}WHEN YOU LOOK OVER
1482
00:50:02,933 --> 00:50:04,301
{\an8}THE VASTNESS OF ALL THESE
1483
00:50:04,301 --> 00:50:07,371
{\an8}SOLDIERS IN THE STANDS,
1484
00:50:07,371 --> 00:50:09,106
{\an8}IT WAS AWESOME.
1485
00:50:09,706 --> 00:50:10,707
{\an8}IT'S ALSO GREAT SEEING
1486
00:50:10,707 --> 00:50:13,710
{\an8}THE AMERICAN FLAG FLYING AGAIN,
1487
00:50:13,710 --> 00:50:15,812
{\an8}RATHER THAN THE RISING SUN,
1488
00:50:15,812 --> 00:50:17,014
{\an8}THE RED BALL AGAINST
1489
00:50:17,014 --> 00:50:18,648
{\an8}THE WHITE BACKGROUND.
1490
00:50:18,648 --> 00:50:21,251
{\an8}SO, THAT WAS VERY IMPRESSIVE
1491
00:50:21,251 --> 00:50:23,954
{\an8}TO SEE THE STARS AND STRIPES.
1492
00:50:23,954 --> 00:50:25,489
{\an8}STILL IS IMPRESSIVE.
1493
00:50:26,823 --> 00:50:29,226
{\an8}>> BY SEPTEMBER 1945,
1494
00:50:29,226 --> 00:50:30,894
{\an8}JAPAN HAD SURRENDERED AND
1495
00:50:30,894 --> 00:50:32,629
{\an8}THOUSANDS GATHEREDIN MANILA
1496
00:50:32,629 --> 00:50:35,232
{\an8}TO CELEBRATE THEHIGH HOLIDAYS.
1497
00:50:35,232 --> 00:50:37,067
{\an8}AMERICAN GIs REBUILT
1498
00:50:37,067 --> 00:50:38,969
{\an8}TEMPLE EMIL,WHICH HAD BEEN
1499
00:50:38,969 --> 00:50:41,638
{\an8}DESTROYED BYTHE JAPANESE.
1500
00:50:42,572 --> 00:50:44,374
{\an8}FITTINGLY, THEFUNDRAISING FOR
1501
00:50:44,374 --> 00:50:45,976
{\an8}THE NEW TEMPLEBEGAN WITH A
1502
00:50:45,976 --> 00:50:49,813
{\an8}CEREMONY ONNOVEMBER 9, 1945 --
1503
00:50:49,813 --> 00:50:50,781
{\an8}THE ANNIVERSARY OF
1504
00:50:50,781 --> 00:50:52,916
{\an8}KRISTALLNACHT.
1505
00:50:52,916 --> 00:50:54,618
{\an8}THE POKER PLAYERSQUIETLY MOVED
1506
00:50:54,618 --> 00:50:57,354
{\an8}ON, BUT THEYREMAINED FOREVER
1507
00:50:57,354 --> 00:50:58,989
{\an8}LINKED TO THELIVES OF OVER
1508
00:50:58,989 --> 00:51:03,393
{\an8}1,300 JEWISH REFUGEES.
1509
00:51:03,393 --> 00:51:05,062
{\an8}THE FRIEDER'SCIGAR FACTORIES
1510
00:51:05,062 --> 00:51:06,997
{\an8}HAD BEEN LEVELED AND THE
1511
00:51:06,997 --> 00:51:08,432
{\an8}FRIEDER BROTHERSBEGAN THE TASK
1512
00:51:08,432 --> 00:51:09,666
{\an8}OF REBUILDING THE FAMILY
1513
00:51:09,666 --> 00:51:13,103
{\an8}BUSINESS BACKIN THE STATES.
1514
00:51:13,103 --> 00:51:15,739
{\an8}PAUL McNUTTRETURNED TO MANILA
1515
00:51:15,739 --> 00:51:17,541
{\an8}AND LOWERED THEAMERICAN FLAG
1516
00:51:17,541 --> 00:51:18,875
{\an8}ON THE DAY THEPHILIPPINES
1517
00:51:18,875 --> 00:51:21,111
{\an8}GAINED INDEPENDENCE.
1518
00:51:22,312 --> 00:51:23,914
{\an8}DWIGHT EISENHOWER-- NOW THE
1519
00:51:23,914 --> 00:51:25,916
{\an8}SUPREME COMMANDEROF NATO --
1520
00:51:25,916 --> 00:51:27,217
{\an8}MADE A LOW-KEY INSPECTION
1521
00:51:27,217 --> 00:51:29,019
{\an8}TO THE RUINS OFTHE CITY WHERE
1522
00:51:29,019 --> 00:51:32,122
{\an8}HE HAD SPENTSO MANY YEARS.
1523
00:51:32,122 --> 00:51:34,357
{\an8}MANUEL QUEZONDIED IN EXILE
1524
00:51:34,357 --> 00:51:36,493
{\an8}IN THE UNITED STATES.
1525
00:51:36,493 --> 00:51:37,494
{\an8}HE NEVER GOT TO SEE THE
1526
00:51:37,494 --> 00:51:38,962
{\an8}PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE,
1527
00:51:38,962 --> 00:51:39,763
{\an8}WHICH HE HAD FOUGHT
1528
00:51:39,763 --> 00:51:41,331
{\an8}SO HARD FOR,
1529
00:51:41,331 --> 00:51:42,599
{\an8}BUT HIS ACCOMPLISHMENTS
1530
00:51:42,599 --> 00:51:43,700
{\an8}LIVE ON.
1531
00:51:44,234 --> 00:51:45,202
{\an8}>> Jose: MOST FILIPINOS
1532
00:51:45,202 --> 00:51:45,836
{\an8}ARE FAMILIAR WITH
1533
00:51:45,836 --> 00:51:46,970
{\an8}"SCHINDLER'S LIST."
1534
00:51:46,970 --> 00:51:48,572
{\an8}VERY FEW FILIPINOS KNOW THAT
1535
00:51:48,572 --> 00:51:51,108
{\an8}QUEZON WAS, IN HIS OWN WAY,
1536
00:51:51,108 --> 00:51:52,542
{\an8}A KIND OF SCHINDLER.
1537
00:51:52,542 --> 00:51:53,844
{\an8}AND IT HAS COME OUT,
1538
00:51:53,844 --> 00:51:55,245
{\an8}AND I THINK PEOPLE HAVE
1539
00:51:55,245 --> 00:51:56,680
{\an8}BEEN PROUD OF THAT.
1540
00:51:56,680 --> 00:51:57,848
{\an8}>> THEY WERE GOOD PEOPLE.
1541
00:51:57,848 --> 00:51:58,315
{\an8}THERE WERE PEOPLE
1542
00:51:58,315 --> 00:51:59,349
{\an8}THAT WERE SAVED.
1543
00:51:59,349 --> 00:52:00,417
{\an8}YOU HAVE TO GIVE THANKS
1544
00:52:00,417 --> 00:52:02,219
{\an8}FOR THOSE PEOPLE.
1545
00:52:02,219 --> 00:52:03,553
{\an8}>> WHAT THE FRIEDERS CREATED
1546
00:52:03,553 --> 00:52:06,690
{\an8}AN OPPORTUNITY TO ESCAPE.
1547
00:52:06,690 --> 00:52:07,924
{\an8}BUT AN OPPORTUNITY ALSO TO
1548
00:52:07,924 --> 00:52:10,327
{\an8}LIVE AND TO DEVELOP AND CREATE
1549
00:52:10,327 --> 00:52:12,896
{\an8}A NEW FUTURE FOR SO MANY.
1550
00:52:12,896 --> 00:52:13,897
{\an8}>> IT'S ONE THING TO
1551
00:52:13,897 --> 00:52:15,031
{\an8}SIT AROUND A CARD TABLE
1552
00:52:15,031 --> 00:52:16,766
{\an8}AND TALK ABOUT A WORRISOME
1553
00:52:16,766 --> 00:52:18,869
{\an8}SITUATION, EVEN A DIRE
1554
00:52:18,869 --> 00:52:19,603
{\an8}SITUATION.
1555
00:52:19,603 --> 00:52:20,937
{\an8}IT'S QUITE ANOTHER TO ACTUALLY
1556
00:52:20,937 --> 00:52:23,206
{\an8}TAKE SOME ACTION.
1557
00:52:23,206 --> 00:52:24,474
{\an8}AND I THINK THAT'S WHY THIS IS
1558
00:52:24,474 --> 00:52:26,610
{\an8}A STORY FOR ALL TIME.
1559
00:52:26,610 --> 00:52:29,045
{\an8}>> IT WOULD BE MUCH SIMPLER TO
1560
00:52:29,045 --> 00:52:31,348
{\an8}UNDERSTAND, "OKAY, THE FRIEDERS
1561
00:52:31,348 --> 00:52:33,950
{\an8}SOMEHOW PUT UP MONEY AND FIGURED
1562
00:52:33,950 --> 00:52:35,018
{\an8}OUT A WAY TO GET VISAS
1563
00:52:35,018 --> 00:52:35,852
{\an8}AND DID IT."
1564
00:52:35,852 --> 00:52:38,622
{\an8}OR SIMPLER TO UNDERSTAND QUEZON
1565
00:52:38,622 --> 00:52:40,490
{\an8}SOMEHOW ACTING ON HIS OWN,
1566
00:52:40,490 --> 00:52:42,325
{\an8}HAVING THIS EPIPHANY OF HELPING
1567
00:52:42,325 --> 00:52:44,194
{\an8}SOMEBODY, AND, YOU KNOW,
1568
00:52:44,194 --> 00:52:44,594
{\an8}DOING IT.
1569
00:52:44,594 --> 00:52:46,396
{\an8}BUT THE FACT THAT, YOU KNOW, HE
1570
00:52:46,396 --> 00:52:47,931
{\an8}AS A CATHOLIC, AND McNUTT AS A
1571
00:52:47,931 --> 00:52:49,833
{\an8}PROTESTANT, AND THE FRIEDERS AS
1572
00:52:49,833 --> 00:52:52,335
{\an8}JEWS COME TOGETHER, MAKE IT EVEN
1573
00:52:52,335 --> 00:52:55,005
{\an8}MORE RICH AND INTERESTING
1574
00:52:55,005 --> 00:52:56,973
{\an8}AND INCREDIBLE THAT IT HAPPENED.
1575
00:52:56,973 --> 00:52:58,842
{\an8}>> IN THAT HISTORICAL MOMENT
1576
00:52:58,842 --> 00:52:59,910
{\an8}THEY WERE HEROES,
1577
00:52:59,910 --> 00:53:02,078
{\an8}BUT THEY DIDN'T NECESSARILY SEE
1578
00:53:02,078 --> 00:53:03,013
{\an8}THEMSELVES AS HEROES.
1579
00:53:03,013 --> 00:53:04,114
{\an8}THEY WERE -- IT LOOKS LIKE
1580
00:53:04,114 --> 00:53:04,848
{\an8}THEY WERE JUST DOING THE
1581
00:53:04,848 --> 00:53:06,950
{\an8}RIGHT THING, AND THEY RESPONDED
1582
00:53:06,950 --> 00:53:09,452
{\an8}TO A CRISIS IN THE RIGHT WAY,
1583
00:53:09,452 --> 00:53:12,122
{\an8}REGARDLESS OF THE FACT THAT
1584
00:53:12,122 --> 00:53:14,558
{\an8}IT WASN'T NECESSARILY GREAT
1585
00:53:14,558 --> 00:53:16,793
{\an8}FOR THEIR CAREERS AS A PRESIDENT
1586
00:53:16,793 --> 00:53:18,228
{\an8}OR AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
1587
00:53:18,228 --> 00:53:20,363
{\an8}MILITARY -- OR EVEN FOR
1588
00:53:20,363 --> 00:53:22,532
{\an8}A CAREER AS A CIGAR-MAKER.
1589
00:53:22,532 --> 00:53:24,935
{\an8}>> SOMEBODY HAS TO TAKE A RISK.
1590
00:53:24,935 --> 00:53:28,171
{\an8}SOMEBODY HAS TO PUT THEIR VALUES
1591
00:53:28,171 --> 00:53:29,639
{\an8}ON THE LINE AND SAY,
1592
00:53:29,639 --> 00:53:31,975
{\an8}"WE'RE GOING TO DO IT."
1593
00:53:31,975 --> 00:53:34,044
{\an8}>> Asher: TO ME, HITLER LOST
1594
00:53:34,044 --> 00:53:36,379
{\an8}TWO WARS.
1595
00:53:36,379 --> 00:53:38,081
{\an8}HE LOST THE REGULAR WAR,
1596
00:53:38,081 --> 00:53:40,183
{\an8}AND HE LOST THE WAR
1597
00:53:40,183 --> 00:53:42,018
{\an8}AGAINST THE JEWS.
1598
00:53:42,018 --> 00:53:43,420
{\an8}>> AT THE OPENDOORS MONUMENT
1599
00:53:43,420 --> 00:53:45,422
{\an8}IN ISRAEL AREWRITTEN THE WORDS
1600
00:53:45,422 --> 00:53:49,426
{\an8}OF PRESIDENTMANUEL QUEZON.
1601
00:53:49,426 --> 00:53:51,995
{\an8}"IT IS MY HOPE,AND INDEED
1602
00:53:51,995 --> 00:53:54,497
{\an8}MY EXPECTATION,THAT THE PEOPLE
1603
00:53:54,497 --> 00:53:56,333
{\an8}OF THE PHILIPPINESWILL HAVE
1604
00:53:56,333 --> 00:53:58,802
{\an8}IN THE FUTUREEVERY REASON TO
1605
00:53:58,802 --> 00:54:00,570
{\an8}BE GLAD THATWHEN THE TIME OF
1606
00:54:00,570 --> 00:54:03,773
{\an8}NEED CAME, THEIRCOUNTRY WAS
1607
00:54:03,773 --> 00:54:05,075
{\an8}WILLING TO EXTEND
1608
00:54:05,075 --> 00:54:07,344
{\an8}A HAND OF WELCOME."
120982
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