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Well hello and welcome everybody. I'm Gillie Hoyt-Byram and this set of workshops is going
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to be introducing enamel painting to you. I'm going to be going through this book that
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I wrote two years ago and is now available as an e-pub and all the information in here
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is about on-glaze enamelling. Now on-glaze enamelling, another word for it, is over-glaze
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and the paints contain metal oxide pigments and silica which is ground glass and the ones
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that I recommend have 5% lead and some precious metals to give them the brightest look of
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all. So I've got a recommended palette which is mainly sunshine colours and then there
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are some ceradal colours. So I've put these in long tubes just to distinguish them. There
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are three ceradals, the reason being that I've been using these on-glaze sunshine colours
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since 1990 but over the years three of the enamels have lost their clarity to me. So
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I found ceradal as a website and I've substituted three of them. But just to introduce you to
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the basic colours, the sunshine ones are mainly the blues and the browns and a couple of yellows
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and then there's a bleu clair which is the French ceradal and this used to be cobalt
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like a sort of Google sky blue but they took that colour out and they only give us azure
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so I've introduced the ceradal bleu clair. Then there are some gold bearing products
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which are four times more expensive than the basic ones but absolutely beautiful to use
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because you've got a rich purple, a purple red and then there used to be a, there is
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still a dark cobalt in sunshine but I think that the ceradal bleu nuis is much richer
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so that's the one I recommend. And then there are three colours which are cadmium colours,
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so it's cadmium oxide that's used in the mix and these are the orange and the cardinal
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red in sunshine and then in ceradal it's the ruch de fure which is a lovely rich scarlet,
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can be poppy equivalent in sunshine but the ruch de fure just gives that pure colour and
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the cadmium colours behave in an unexpected way because when you mix red with blue you
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don't get purple you get a brown which is a lovely brown but a bit of a surprise so
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in order to get purple mix you really need to use these pure purple colours. Now when
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you mix these colours onto your palette you have a basic set, here's the palette layout
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and you really only need those colours because from these you can mix all of these by just
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mixing two together and just imagine how many you could mix if it was three together and
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that's the maximum that I'd recommend to get the clarity and brightness in the colours.
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So here's my palette on the table there amongst these little pots of colour and on the top
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of each pot I've got a little button of colour which is a copper enamel which I've then painted
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with the pure tone, rich tone of that colour and then the half tone, just a thin wash just
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to show what it would look like at half strength. So it's worth doing that because when the
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colours are wet or glossy as in the kiln then it's how they're going to look when they're
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fired so when you're working away on your painting as you lay the paint down that's
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what it's going to look like when it's fired but it will dry and look pastel like in the
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meantime. So that's talking about the palette now obviously the colour mix that you choose
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that's going to determine the colour that you get and I mentioned about how cadmium
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oxides give you these lovely browns in this area so the colour mix is one thing for determining
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the final colour but also you need to be aware of the base that you use. If it's a piece
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of whiteboard chopped up with a guillotine like this sample then that's only half a
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millimetre thick and it's just had a brief coating of liquid enamel processed in a factory
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so it's been sprayed on as is this tile and this is also on steel but a lot thicker it's
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over a millimetre thick and that's how it keeps its shape and it doesn't distort. So
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for test pieces or even little paintings the steel is really adequate but of course you
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may want to make your own copper shapes. So talking about the steel there are particular
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white colours that work for the paints. If you choose a white that isn't compatible with
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the paints then you're going to get some odd colours and the fugitive red this purple red
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is the one that will really complain and turn out brown rather than this rich colour. So
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it's very important to get the base right and if you're making a beautiful opalescent
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enamel on copper then it's a silky surface and the brush will just glide over that surface
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beautifully. On steel it will tend to drag a bit because it's obviously a much cheaper
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base but here making your own copper bases you can choose to add gold flux first onto
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the copper and then three layers of opalescent and stone it back and then you've got your
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lovely base. But for beginners I would suggest you work with steel and these little samples
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if you can get a piece of A4 A3 whiteboard and chop it up then you can make all the
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samples that you want to test your colours for example rather than using these steel
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tiles. Now the other factor so we've got the mix of colour we've got the base that you
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use and the third factor is the medium that you use and you can see testing this fugitive
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purple red with different media it shows a slightly different change of colour. So you've
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got the brightest here with Uni Media and pine oil I've used more paint there so it's
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a bit brighter. Uni Media is a water-based cellulose product and it's safe being water-based
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that's why I've chosen it. I'm going to be demonstrating with that today. Pine oil is
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something that I use for my painting but you could equally well use paraffin liquid paraffin
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oil or you can use glycerol which is something I'm going to be demonstrating in a future
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workshop that's water-based. These two water-based makes them really safe to use but do be aware
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that you're using metal oxides and they are poisonous so never lick the brush and be very
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careful about cleanliness on the bench and wiping away any powders or whatever so they're
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not on your skin. It's a very good idea to work cleanly anyway because you want a dust-free
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atmosphere. Any dust will fall on wet paint and clog it and I'll be showing you something
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about that at the kiln later. The solvent obviously for the water-based Uni Media and
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the glycerol you're going to be using water itself but when you use oil-based media you're
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going to use something like Zest-It which is a much calmer version of White Spirit which
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is a horrible smell but Zest-It is odourless or you can get a citric smell which is quite
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nice and you can also use alcohol as from the pharmacy or from the supermarket to use
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with preserving fruit. Nowadays it's about 70% alcohol. It used to be about 97% when
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I first started and in Ireland they add meths into it to make it smell dreadful so that
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no alcoholics are going to be drinking it by the bottle.
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I'm going to demonstrate the sponge painting technique that I've been talking about using
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this image by Hokusai. I'm a great fan of Hokusai, a Japanese printmaker from the late
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19th century and here we've got Cranes and his beautiful work with the pen and then wash.
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Now first of all make your tracing and then shade on the background there then transfer
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the image onto a plaque and then you'd be making an outline with pen ink which I'm going
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to show you in a minute for the butterfly but to lay this down I've put some areas in lack
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of resist which have dried now and I'm going to demonstrate paint over the top and removing
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that while the butterfly is drying. So I'm going to take a palette knife and choose a
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couple of colours from the palette here. One is ochre, there, sunshine colour and then
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I'm going to use the roche de fure, the ceradel colour and mix those two together with some
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white. Now you'll find you get through much more white than anything else so you probably
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need double the quantity of that. First of all take the lid off and just put, it probably
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only needs about that much, quite a lot goes into the sponge but you wipe the palette knife
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and then take some of the roche de fure which will be about that much I think just depending
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on your taste for colours and then add a good proportion of the white, a bit like that.
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And wiping the palette knife each time is really important because you don't want to
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contaminate the colours. If you've taken too much don't be tempted to put them back into
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the pot because these pots are pure warehouse colours and you may actually contaminate the
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original pot and it would be such a shame to chuck all that away if you find it's just
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the white's gone off in some way. Now these colours are very very dense in pigment, they're
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also very finely ground, they're a bit like talcum powder, they're 325 mesh which means
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325 little holes in one square inch and that's much finer than the average sort of enamel
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that you're using which is about 80 mesh granular but nevertheless under a microscope you can
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still see tiny little chips of glass and so it's very important to grind it well to blend
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the colour and break down all these little balls of powder because if you leave any tiny
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balls of powder it will transfer to your painting and you may not see it when you've sponged
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it on but it will develop in the kiln. So I'm going to be using Uni Media and it's a quick
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drying water based medium which is ideal for this purpose and people love to use it if
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they're doing quick paintings but it's a closed, what we call a closed medium in that it will
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dry quite quickly so there isn't very long to work with it. If you're wanting a more open
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medium then later I shall be showing you how to work with glycerol which is another water
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based medium or any of the oils like sewing machine oil is the most open of all meaning
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that you can work it for a very long time like months and it still won't have dried
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so that's just perfect for doing a very fine portrait and so is, let me see, we've got
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paraffin oil which is an open medium and painting medium which I like which has pine oil in
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it that takes probably about a day and a half to dry. Now when you've mixed the medium into
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the paint you've got to use it straight away if it's Uni Media because it's going to dry
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and if it's dried, if any of your paints have completely dried you've got to chuck them
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so you can keep them refreshed every day by grinding in a little bit more medium into
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each of the paints on the palette and that way they'll stay wet. If they've dried you've
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got to actually discard them. So here we've got a lovely peachy colour, I clean up the
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palette knife and just dip it in water to make sure it's clean and then I'm going to
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take a sponge. Now these are ready prepared on sticks which are quite good but what I've
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also used are these upholstery sponges so if you've got a friendly upholsterer who would
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give you offcuts then cut them up into finger sized pieces and that will work just as well
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for transferring the paint to the enamel. So try a little bit there and you can see
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a million dots already are transferred onto the tile. So I'm going to go over this lacquer
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resist that I actually prepared earlier so it's nice and dry. Never go over it if the
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lacquer resist is wet because it will just get all over your sponge and ruin it. So there
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for the purpose of the demo I'm now just going to peel back a little corner here with the
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tweezers and peel it off and as good as your painting was with the lacquer resist then
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you've got the image back and you've got the white if you wanted to paint that in detail
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and look at the way it just comes off so beautifully. So there's one that I did earlier and I actually
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put a little border around that so I used some electrician's tape or you could use masking
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tape to make the border before I did this sponging. Not so easy to clear it afterwards
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but you could so anything that you've put on with the sponge you can remove with a brush.
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Bring down the border like that but probably better to use the masking tape first. You
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can also use Scraffito to go into this, get a bit of detail. So that gives you the idea
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and finally it could look like this where you've got two layers of sponging so you'd
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have to cover the cranes twice over and then the second layer I've actually done this
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Scraffito through the second layer of paint where I've put bands of colour on with the
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sponge rather than just one colour overall. The initial layer was one colour and then
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I did lacquer resist second time, sponged over for the second time and then worked into
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the top layer of paint to reveal the painted layer below. So all sorts of possibilities
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there. So I'm going to be using the Uni Media today, water-based Uni Media. So for this
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demonstration I'm going to be showing how to make a design using about six or seven
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techniques. So it's a very basic design and it follows on from the PowerPoint where I
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showed the quotes about a butterfly so choose your own or do something completely different
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as an exercise but here I've chosen to use these six or seven techniques and I'm going
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to be showing this now from start to finish. I have a little design that I made in watercolour
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and then the first thing that I did was to trace over and the next thing just like your
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geography lessons you want to transfer the image so on the back of the tracing just go
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over it with an HB pencil. Anything darker than that is going to leave a little bit too
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much carbon on the enamel but I found a very good way of transferring the image and the
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traditional way of putting pencil onto enamel was to grind back the enamel plaque and then
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use pencil all over it and fire it in the kiln but I thought that that was quite a sort
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of abusive thing to do to enamel and when I found this from reading books on ceramics
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I thought that's it I wonder if that works for enamel and it does. So what you need is
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some modelling clay and this is a bit like plasticine but it's not the kids plasticine
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it's a lovely it's got a good smell this one and another one is made very near where I
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live where they dig clay out and there are a lot of potters in the area that use the
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clay so you've got your plaque and you roll the modelling clay over the top and what you're
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doing is getting a matte key to the surface so what it was was a glossy shiny surface
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that just wouldn't take pencil very well at all but once you've got that key there then
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it's going to receive the pencil and it will burn out in the kiln so that's very effective.
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Just going to anchor the plaque a little bit stop it bouncing around and then put the tracing
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down there and I've got registered corners so that I know where I want it to go. So I've
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got the tracing registered over the top of the enamel plaque now using these little corner
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marks that I put on earlier and I'm going to just trace over the silhouettes of each
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of the butterflies. Go around with your pencil as carefully as you can and transferring the
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pencil shading onto the actual plaque so that you've got guidelines for the painting. In
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the photo I've also got visual aid here which is what we're aiming for so you may like to
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look at that in the meantime while I just hastily go around here. I'm going to be introducing
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a technique called sponge painting which again I borrowed from the ceramics industry and
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it's the ceramics industry that uses these on glaze over glaze paints and you know they
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are made for the ceramics industry and we enamel painters just ride on the back of that
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and that's how they're available to us. If you're mixing your colours you can choose
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any colours that are leaded and they will mix together but don't mix unleaded colours
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together with them just keep to the leaded and that will be fine. So there's an enormous
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number of colours out there but I've just reduced the palette to a manageable number
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and those are the ones that you just need to grind every day. Right revealing the pencil
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line which has come out really fine. Apart from I just forgot that little bit but that's
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good because I can show you that you can just draw freehand with pencil over the top and
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that could be fired in the kiln now to secure the pencil and you fire it at 750 degrees
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centigrade 1382 Fahrenheit and then the pencil line just drops into the base and all of this
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greasy modelling clay disappears that burns out and you've got a silvery line left which
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is your guide if you're not confident about doing a painting. Say you started the painting
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and you've got your pencil line you weren't happy with the painting you just wipe it off
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and that's the beauty of this medium. It's unusual in that you test your art in the kiln
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you've you put it into the flame into the fire and also your really every brush stroke
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is a spontaneous one. So I'm going to put the pencil line down pencil and pick up red
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resist. Now this is lacquer resist again used in the ceramics industry and it's very gloopy
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stuff it's a bit like rubbery nail varnish so you want to use a different sort of brush
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for it not any of your lovely sable brushes that you might have. I'm just going to make
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sure that's clean and what I'm going to be doing is just covering over each of these
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butterfly silhouettes so that I'm resisting the paint that I'm going to add and when I
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peel this off it's going to reveal the white background for each of the butterflies so
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it's really protecting the white at the moment a bit like batik. It's quite good if you put
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your piece on a piece of card like this because then you can turn the card instead of having
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to turn the enamel and grip it at the corners that's particularly useful when you're painting
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so make sure that this is quite gloopy and dark a bit like the lacquer resist in the
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pot. If you make it too thin it's going to be too brittle to get off when you peel it
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and if it's about this sort of thickness it will all come off in one beautifully. So this
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is going to be done and then left to dry so I'll demonstrate something else in the meantime.
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Here's the butterfly's body coming around here. Now any image will do as long as you
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use the techniques that I'm teaching in this demo. There. You can draw this resist out
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so you can put a blob down and then just draw it around so that it's inside the area of
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the pencil that you've drawn on. By the way with pencil you could just make a lovely pencil
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drawing with shading and provided you've got this key laid down it will receive it and
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it will fire beautifully and some people would make a shaded pencil drawing and then just
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tint it up with colour afterwards and if they're not happy with the colour they could just
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wipe it off and reveal the pencil again which has already been fired and start again. So
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it's very forgiving in that way. It's only when it's fired enamel is absolutely permanent
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it doesn't fade in sunlight and it will last for generations and the only thing that you
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have to be wary of because it's glass is that it might break if you dropped it on the floor
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especially if it's a concrete floor. So I'm just roughly going around here. I went to
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the Emma Bridgewater factory in Stoke-on-Trent in UK the year that it was their 25th anniversary
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it was 2010 I believe and it was at the end of the day because I'd had some meetings
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in Stoke-on-Trent and I just wanted to have a look in and they were about half an hour
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to closing and somebody very kindly took me around and they were doing sponge painting
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there for sets of mugs and beautiful pieces bowls and so on and as I was going round I
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was beginning to think I wonder if you can do that with enamelling. So I experimented
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and to my delight I found it was possible and this is a very good introduction to people
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who are scared of using a paintbrush but even then using these techniques myself I
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actually incorporate them into portrait painting because I'll use sponge painting to cover
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a background to a portrait in order to get rid of all the white quite quickly. So I would
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make the portrait silhouette in white by this method of covering over the white with the
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lacquer resist and then sponge over as I'm going to show you in a minute and then reveal
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the white again and that would be then the portrait painting. So I'm going to put the
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lid back on so that it doesn't dry out. I wipe off any excess lacquer resist there and
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then wash the brush in water and you can see the water doesn't even turn red which means
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you don't have to ditch your water all the time but you would as soon as it has a colour
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in it in your painting just keep changing the water. So we're going to put this on one
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side to let it dry while I show you some other techniques. Here's a colour wheel that I made
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showing the paint palette that I like to work with the sunshine colours and the ceradel
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colours. In the pots here we've got 17 basic colours and my palette is 19 because I make
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up two mixes which I'll show you later. I've got all of these in little pots ready to use.
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I've got two others which are mandarin and iron red which I just happen to have but they're
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not really essential for your basic palette. These are pure colours and you won't need
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to add any more to that. Just work with those. I've done all the portraits that I've done
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maybe 600 over my career of about 30 years using these. So the colours that we're going
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to mix up today for the background are going to be a bluey colour. This azure is incredibly
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strong so it just needs a little of that compared with the white to use. So lay down some of
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that and then I'll need a lot of white, put that there and then I'm going to use the bleu
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clair as well. But into the bleu clair I'm going to add some turquoise so you can mix
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your paints and blend them. Turquoise there. The uni media can get out of the bottle using
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a spill like this, like a coffee spill but notice that I'm putting the medium next to
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the paint, not actually dumping it in the middle because if you did that those little
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balls of colour would just roll everywhere. And just put about as much as you've got paint
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down there, just put the uni media down as a blob and it just sits there like a mound.
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And then a bit like any preparation for cooking you just start to blend colour with medium
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and this applies to whatever medium you're using. Just blend that in and never ever use
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the solvent with the paint like this, only add medium if you want to let it down a bit.
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More medium means that it's going to be quite diffuse when you lay it down, it's going to
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just blur and blend. If you've got less medium you'll see more dots like when I was demonstrating
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the Hokusai I had a stickier liquid. Now this enamel paint is called thixotropic, it behaves
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in a thixotropic way, that's T-H-I-X-O, Tropic, T-R-O-P-I-C. And so it behaves like toothpaste
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that you can squeeze it out of a tube say, but it holds its shape. This one is a little
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bit too watery to do that but when you've dumped it, it shouldn't spread too far so
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that's very useful in a palette where you can lay out your colours. So there's one mixed
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up. I don't need to wash the palette knife for this, I'm not going to mix all the uni
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major in because then I can show you how it can become stickier. So here, grinding away,
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it's a bit like silkscreen painting. It's got that lovely glossy look to it but it behaves
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more like watercolour painting but of course you could be using oil in the mix and it can
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behave like gouache if you add white. So the white which is opaque will, when you're laying
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down paint after paint layer, the white will to a certain extent block out what you've
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got beneath. And again I can just not clean the palette but to the palette knife and just
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blend in the white to have that as a mix. That's getting nice and rich. Breaking down
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all those little balls of powder that I can see. And the trick is to gather it up on the
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palette knife and then dump it down again and just give it a good slapping. There. I'm just
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feeling my way with how much I need here because I'm just going to grade the colour upwards.
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So just put a bit more of the blue-clear tutcoise mix in there. A little bit more again. And
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a touch more. I've got it about right. So I'm going to clean off the palette knife and
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into water as well. And now take a sponge on a stick or you could be using the upholstery
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sponge and just get any sort of dust off the sponge first and then dab into the paint.
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And because this is mounted it just needs a little bit of tack underneath to stop it
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bouncing when you apply the sponging. And then coming upwards like this. Just covering the
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lower area. Blending that down. Then into this one. Coming down the way and blending
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to there. And then finally the darkest colour of all which is the pure azure and come from
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the top and down to about there. And that's really intense. Okay so now the fun bit where
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with the tweezers I remove these pieces of lacquer resist. But first, oh yeah that's
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right I'm going to do this first and then I'm going to do a tiny bit of scraffito. So
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there we go. Just have the piece of paper nearby so that you can just dump the lacquer
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resist on there. It's a really quick process here. I meant to say that when you're sponging
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over don't go over for too long because otherwise you'll begin to dissolve the lacquer resist
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and it will start to come away on the sponge. So there we've got five butterflies and then
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with the scraffito tool which is just a cocktail stick, dental stick, toothpick depending on
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which country you're in, you can go over this and there put the little antennae on while
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the paint's wet. Now you could wait until it's dry but the paint might tend to flake
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a bit if you do that. There's another one. And if the paint floods back in then you just
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need to go over it a little bit more. And if you are really tidy you get a brush and just
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take that out with the paint brush to remove it. And if any of the paint from the lacquer
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resist has fallen into the butterfly making a mark don't worry because you can just use
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a damp paint brush to pick it up and get rid of it. So tidying everything up before the
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firing is really worthwhile. After the firing it's fixed. Now I spot here, and you might
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find this, that there's a little bit of dust or something so just lift that up with the
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tip of the brush and then you can patch in later with the sponge. There. Or you could
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do this with a paint brush if it's a bit fiddly. So that's ready to fire. Now because I've
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got the enamel on this piece of cardboard supported there it's a lot better than trying
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to pick it up now because you can imagine that pinching the edges you get lots of little
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marks down the side revealing the white again. But picking it up like this and taking it
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across to the kiln is ideal. So it just needs a little bit of cardboard there. So it's here
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that I take it off the cardboard and I know that there's the tack underneath and I get
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that onto this titanium mesh that I'm using because it doesn't leave any oxide specks.
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And then on the back I'm just going to remove that little bit of tack so that I'm not touching
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the plaque at all. But if you've got a really gentle sort of grip, like hardly gripping
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at all, then it will be fine just taking it at the edges. But I'm just showing what usual
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people would be doing. So here, first thing is that the piece needs drying in the kiln
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before you fire it because if you put it straight in now, it would spit off the paint. The fact
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that the uni media would be producing steam and that would spit off the paint. So whatever
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the medium you're using, you have to dry the enamel first at the mouth of the kiln and
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you have to keep it absolutely horizontal. I normally use the ceramic fibre boards that
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are covered with clay slip and once it's on there, it's really steady. It doesn't slide
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about. I think most of you have some mesh of some sort or another, but it's not a good
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idea to use these ones because the stainless steel produces so much metal oxide, it's just
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not worth it that any of that may come on top of the painting and spoil the paint during
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the firing. So I think having shown you the titanium mesh, I'm going to go back to my
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tried and tested method, which is to use the ceramic fibre board. It takes a little bit
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longer to heat up because it's thicker. The titanium mesh will give you a quick result
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and the ceramic fibre board, it will stick to the back for a little bit, but after about
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a minute and a half it pings away and then it cools down and you can help the cooling
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by putting it onto a steel block. I've got the kiln set at about 770 there and the firing
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temperature is going to be 750, 1382, but it's good if it's a little bit higher because
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in taking something out of the kiln, it drops temperature, opening the door and so on. Now
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I've put a piece of ceramic fibre board in there, it's quite good if you leave it in
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there because it's lovely and hot and what you can do is transfer your painting across
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to the piece of heated ceramic fibre board and that will quicken the firing. So there
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it is and I'm going to show you this unimedia steaming shortly, drying off. I've got asbestos
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fingers here, so use the butter knives, these are really good for supporting. Now I'm shifting
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it around. So here you can see the steam rising, I hope you can against the black, just last
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bit coming off there and it goes pastel in shade so it's no longer glossy like the paint
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was. I'm going to put it in the kiln now because there's no risk of any of the paint being
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spat off and I'm using a cake slice here to put it to the back of the kiln where it's
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hottest and shut the door quickly. So it's got down to about 703 and it's going to drop
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a bit more, so you want it in the top 690s roughly and after a while it begins to climb
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again. And it's a case of watching the digital pyrometer rather than watching your watch
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and definitely don't look into the kiln because that's got infrared rays and that's where
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I'm wearing the blue glasses to protect my eyes. It makes it a little bit more difficult
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to see whether the piece has fired or not, so if you really don't like wearing the blue
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glasses you can just glimpse, kind of like that, just to see. But when you reach that
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magic figure of 750 that's when to open the kiln door and check is it shiny, glossy all
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over. So while we're waiting for that to climb I'm just going to show you the first of a
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series of tiles. I might be able to manage the whole thing. So these are little test
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pieces on copper and I just put on a basic white like dial white which is a hard one
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and I painted up the four primary colours and you can see that this is the best result
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because it's glossy and the paint has just sunk into the enamel. That's the beauty of
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it, painting in enamel. But here the paint sits proud on the surface and it's matte.
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So what's happened here is that it hasn't fired completely, hasn't been in the kiln
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for long enough and the good thing is you can put it back in and it will go glossy.
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Now here the problem is that the enamel was in the kiln far too long and what's happened
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is it's gone lacy. The paint has dropped into the white far too far and it can't be recovered.
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So I'm afraid that laciness will shine through every subsequent layer. Here the paint was
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too thick in different areas, it wasn't dried properly, it came off and same with this one
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for various reasons the paint just came off in the firing. And this one there was a little
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hair that actually acted like a sponge and it took all the paint into it and it wasn't
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noticeable in the painting but when it was fired the hair disappeared, it burnt out but
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it left that clog of paint. So we're now going to take this out, just seeing that it has
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risen to 753 and just see is it fired. It's pretty good, it's got that glossy look and
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that's just right for the next layer. So I'm going to lay that down and let it cool and
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if you've got a light over that's the best way to check whether the enamel is fired because
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under the light you can see that it's glossy. So you could just have a little lamp if you
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haven't got an overhead light. It's good to have an extractor fan or have the windows
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open so that any odours are just taken away because these are slightly poisonous gases
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and you just want to protect yourself as much as possible. So I've got the extractor fan
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off at the moment but we've got the windows wide open. The last two tiles in the troubleshooting
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section which I've got at the back of the book show a piece of this metal oxide that
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you get when you use stainless steel trivets and it spoiled the work by landing on the
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red there and the only thing that would take that out would be a diamond point. So this
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is a little bit of steel that's got diamond stuck on the end. That means just grit of
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diamond not real diamond but well it is real diamond but grit of diamond so inexpensive
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and the only way is to scratch that out and then you reveal the white base and oh it's
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such a fiddle and a mess so try and avoid any impurities by firing on something like this
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ceramic fibre board. And the final one is where the tile has discoloured slightly so
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the red isn't pure any longer and that was because either the solvent, the water or the
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zest it or whatever you've used wasn't clean and it wasn't changed regularly and the paint
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ended up murky or the paint itself had got impurities in it and changed colour slightly.
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So some people ask about this ceramic fibre board I mentioned that the enamel sticks to
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it to start with and then it comes away of its own accord as the metal and glass contract
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and then you can lay it down onto a cooling block like a block of steel or onto the marble
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there but the ceramic fibre board it gives it longer life if you paint it up with something
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like kiln wash or clay slip I've used here so I get clay slip from Potter, Pottery Friend
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and then I mix up with some water until it looks like a very thick double cream and then
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paint it on with a pastry brush and that will lengthen the life of it and on the back it's
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got some little marks where the clay slip has broken down we just need to touch that
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up and then put that onto the kiln to dry and then in the kiln to cure and then I've
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got a long lasting piece of fibre board which is about that thick.
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The next phase is to do some pen work it's another technique that I learnt from ceramicists
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and this is where you use a different medium called well it's called pen oil obviously
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but it's a mix of capaba oil and aniseed oil three parts to one so three parts capaba to
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one part aniseed smells absolutely gorgeous if you like the smell of aniseed yep that's
389
00:47:35,480 --> 00:47:44,720
it and you'll take a little bit of oil and put it down there and then to that you can
390
00:47:44,720 --> 00:47:53,160
mix any of your paints or a paint mix so virtually all of these colours and more if you were
391
00:47:53,160 --> 00:47:58,200
to mix three colours together can be achieved as a pen line but for this I'm going to show
392
00:47:58,200 --> 00:48:08,480
you one of my favourite colours which is mixed from purple and linois so it's the darkest
393
00:48:08,480 --> 00:48:18,880
colours and reed green and these three colours make a purple black better than real black
394
00:48:18,880 --> 00:48:26,640
which is really quite deadening for things so you can mix it like this or in a separate
395
00:48:26,640 --> 00:48:33,120
little pot if it's your favourite colour you could mix up enough for future use so I'm
396
00:48:33,120 --> 00:48:40,560
going to put in a load like that and this pot is going to be great black so you'll mix them
397
00:48:40,560 --> 00:48:50,040
in equal proportions so a little bit of the blue nooie just and if you want you can make
398
00:48:50,040 --> 00:48:56,500
it more blue or you could make it more green depending on how much of each colour you add
399
00:48:56,500 --> 00:49:04,960
but it's roughly three separate parts a third a third and a third and then the reed green
400
00:49:04,960 --> 00:49:14,960
so a little touch here and little balls of colour that need grinding just get it about
401
00:49:14,960 --> 00:49:25,480
the same as the others there and then a dump of it there so these paints are available
402
00:49:25,480 --> 00:49:31,720
as professional colours as well and you've got a much much bigger range but what they
403
00:49:31,720 --> 00:49:38,800
tend to do to create a baby blue or something they mix say four parts white to one part
404
00:49:38,800 --> 00:49:47,720
as you're and as I'm doing here you can mix your own so you put the lid on and just give
405
00:49:47,720 --> 00:49:55,400
it a good shake and there it is in the dry form this is going to be the great black so
406
00:49:55,400 --> 00:50:01,240
I'm going to mix up some ink now I've got the capoeira oil here just going to introduce
407
00:50:01,240 --> 00:50:08,880
it and different from the paint it's got to flow more so it's got to be able to run down
408
00:50:08,880 --> 00:50:19,880
the nib of a pen so it needs more oil just use a little spill or a stick or something
409
00:50:19,880 --> 00:50:25,120
mix that in and again blend it really well so that you're breaking down the balls of
410
00:50:25,120 --> 00:50:33,320
paint otherwise they are not going to flow down the paint nib there we are if it's too
411
00:50:33,320 --> 00:50:42,520
runny it will blob we'll try that and just see this is a nico pen which I really recommend
412
00:50:42,520 --> 00:50:49,240
and I bought this one in Japan and you can find it online or jewellery with gems supply
413
00:50:49,240 --> 00:50:55,760
them in USA that's a very good website for enamel painting supplies and that's with Zineb
414
00:50:55,760 --> 00:51:02,840
Harvey so you've loaded it up to the split in the pen and then just practice a little
415
00:51:02,840 --> 00:51:10,360
bit there and it just comes off the pen beautifully so that's ready to go but first of all you
416
00:51:10,360 --> 00:51:16,240
need to prepare the plaque and it's only going to be the upper part for this detailed butterfly
417
00:51:16,240 --> 00:51:26,560
so I'm going to roll the clay on the upper part here and transfer the image and just
418
00:51:26,560 --> 00:51:43,360
get the little detailed decoration here and I just need this it's personal preference
419
00:51:43,360 --> 00:51:50,040
just how much you go around with pen line and I'm just using this particular colour
420
00:51:50,040 --> 00:51:56,920
because I love it so much in portraits it's just great to use it for dark hair if you
421
00:51:56,920 --> 00:52:03,600
use black for eyelashes it looks like makeup on a child so much better to use this great
422
00:52:03,600 --> 00:52:14,280
black instead and it makes a fantastic background as well rather than deadening black so that
423
00:52:14,280 --> 00:52:20,000
should have transferred there now if you're not confident you could fire that pencil in
424
00:52:20,000 --> 00:52:27,080
the kiln and then go over the pencil line with the pen knowing that if you make a mistake
425
00:52:27,080 --> 00:52:33,840
you could go back over it but because the clay is greasy and because the oil is oily
426
00:52:33,840 --> 00:52:53,200
they're compatible and you can actually just draw like that and get the detail in
427
00:52:53,200 --> 00:52:58,640
just like the old pens of the past the dip pens it will go for so long and then you'll
428
00:52:58,640 --> 00:53:06,240
have to load it again using the spatula and again it's on this card so that you can turn
429
00:53:06,240 --> 00:53:15,960
the card to work and pull the pen towards you to get the lines if something blobs then
430
00:53:15,960 --> 00:53:22,600
there are two ways of removing it either while it's wet but that may smear so that wouldn't
431
00:53:22,600 --> 00:53:34,400
be a good idea or wait until it's dried and then just scratch it off like scraffito
432
00:53:34,400 --> 00:53:40,040
pretty well did nearly the whole thing so just load a bit more try it on here first
433
00:53:40,040 --> 00:53:54,480
because the first one is going to blob because there's rather a lot of ink there I think
434
00:53:54,480 --> 00:54:04,320
I've lost the symmetry a bit there so just pop that one in and then I think I'll do the
435
00:54:04,320 --> 00:54:17,760
body as well there now you're aware of how many firings it's going to take on this piece
436
00:54:17,760 --> 00:54:25,320
so I've got pen line for the detail there but I've also got pen for doing some handwriting
437
00:54:25,320 --> 00:54:31,120
and that's the beauty of this pen oil it's very versatile and you could write a poem
438
00:54:31,120 --> 00:54:36,800
or something but I've got my little phrase your wings already exist all you have to do
439
00:54:36,800 --> 00:54:45,700
is fly which I think applies to most things in life now for this I'm going to use a ruler
440
00:54:45,700 --> 00:54:51,480
and I'm just going to lay down some pencil lines without using the clay because I don't
441
00:54:51,480 --> 00:54:56,720
want the lines to fire them I don't want to fire them on I just want them to be a guide
442
00:54:56,720 --> 00:55:03,800
for the moment so let's get the ruler level and just run through there so that my eye
443
00:55:03,800 --> 00:55:20,920
can see it and this should burn out in the kiln so that's to there try the pen here first
444
00:55:20,920 --> 00:55:26,560
yep just get it flowing again it's obviously going to dry these paints whatever your ambient
445
00:55:26,560 --> 00:55:34,560
temperature if you're working in hottest Australia or up in the Arctic it's going to be varying
446
00:55:34,560 --> 00:55:40,160
rates of evaporation and you can also put the paints into the fridge to just slow down
447
00:55:40,160 --> 00:55:50,600
evaporation that's a good idea so I'm just going to do some freehand you could have mapped
448
00:55:50,600 --> 00:55:52,280
it out in pencil
449
00:55:52,280 --> 00:56:21,040
and
450
00:56:21,040 --> 00:56:28,240
being a perfectionist I should have perhaps allowed a little bit more space there but
451
00:56:28,240 --> 00:56:36,160
let's press on
452
00:56:36,160 --> 00:56:40,680
and if you get it all wrong you're not happy with it just wipe it off this lower part with
453
00:56:40,680 --> 00:56:59,000
a piece of kitchen roll or something cotton hanky and just start again
454
00:56:59,000 --> 00:57:04,880
and it's just run out just at that point but never mind load it up get it flowing again
455
00:57:04,880 --> 00:57:20,920
okay so if anything's a bit thin go back over it now yep and so I've got the two together
456
00:57:20,920 --> 00:57:25,920
and I could have turned it around if I hadn't on the butterfly now I could turn it around
457
00:57:25,920 --> 00:57:33,360
and do it like that but it was easier this way round so ready to fire
458
00:57:33,360 --> 00:57:38,360
look at the kiln now with the piece it's possible to handle it at the sides because it's not
459
00:57:38,360 --> 00:57:45,240
wet paint this area is the bit to stay clear of and this time I'm going to use the titanium
460
00:57:45,240 --> 00:57:51,160
mesh so it's not going to wobble it's just going to be a perfect firing now for this
461
00:57:51,160 --> 00:58:00,880
you need the kiln fork and it's good if it will cover the width and the depth so just
462
00:58:00,880 --> 00:58:07,680
gently go underneath there keep the piece away from the door as you open it because
463
00:58:07,680 --> 00:58:17,840
there may be dust come off dry it in front of the kiln so into there like that and you
464
00:58:17,840 --> 00:58:26,240
will get not steam rising but oil vapor rising as it drives off the capabra and aniseed oil
465
00:58:26,240 --> 00:58:33,200
so it's got to be completely dry before it goes into the kiln I'll settle it down there
466
00:58:33,200 --> 00:58:40,080
and it's gone matte so now I'm just going to present it put it at the back and need
467
00:58:40,080 --> 00:58:46,840
a spatula just to keep it in position and restore the fork and it's gone down quite
468
00:58:46,840 --> 00:58:53,280
a bit so it's got a bit of a climb and I wish I'd had a kiln glove on because that was really
469
00:58:53,280 --> 00:59:03,360
hot so it's got to go back up to 750 1382 for the pen oil because it's got the paint
470
00:59:03,360 --> 00:59:10,240
in there and that's what you're firing while waiting for the kiln temperature to rise it's
471
00:59:10,240 --> 00:59:15,640
got to come up to 750 1382 I thought it would be interesting to point out the poster that
472
00:59:15,640 --> 00:59:22,180
I've got here of 18th century miniaturists enamelers working and then they had to use
473
00:59:22,180 --> 00:59:30,320
a muffle kiln so it was fueled by charcoal and they put the enamel into a box which was
474
00:59:30,320 --> 00:59:37,240
a metal box that they then put into the kiln and they didn't know what was happening during
475
00:59:37,240 --> 00:59:44,480
the firing they couldn't glimpse at it or anything and it's just a miracle how they
476
00:59:44,480 --> 00:59:51,000
knew from the glow of the charcoal that it was just right so this is now hit just above
477
00:59:51,000 --> 01:00:00,160
slightly above 750 and that's fine so you just take it out really steadily keeping it horizontal
478
01:00:00,160 --> 01:00:07,680
and with the kiln glove then I'm not feeling the heat like I did before so it's changed
479
01:00:07,680 --> 01:00:14,760
color and not so dramatically as you'd find with reds and oranges and the fugitive colors
480
01:00:14,760 --> 01:00:21,280
like the purple red they change dramatically and they go very black but the blues and the
481
01:00:21,280 --> 01:00:29,360
greens stay roughly bluey greeny so after a while it will come away from the titanium
482
01:00:29,360 --> 01:00:34,320
I'm not going to force it because what happens if you force it off then it leaves a little
483
01:00:34,320 --> 01:00:40,560
bit of enamel behind on the trivet and that's not so good so you could hear little little
484
01:00:40,560 --> 01:00:47,920
pinging noises then and if I get the spatula underneath there and just give it a little
485
01:00:47,920 --> 01:00:54,080
tap to help it on it comes away and I can put it on to the steel slab and leave it to
486
01:00:54,080 --> 01:01:00,160
cool and that will just hasten the cooling a little bit here I've got a little tile that
487
01:01:00,160 --> 01:01:07,400
I did earlier and it shows the pen line which is actually made from you could either use
488
01:01:07,400 --> 01:01:14,600
orange and chestnut mixed together or you could use one of the enamels I just discarded
489
01:01:14,600 --> 01:01:20,760
from my general palette but it's available from sunshine and it's called iron red and
490
01:01:20,760 --> 01:01:28,160
it's a rather nice color for outlining so you would fire the pen as I did before and
491
01:01:28,160 --> 01:01:33,960
then when you've got the pen outline then you can just fill it in with wash so you can
492
01:01:33,960 --> 01:01:38,920
see it's quite thinly applied and then that's just had one firing and then you could have
493
01:01:38,920 --> 01:01:44,960
several more to build up the depth of color but the main thing is to work quite thinly
494
01:01:44,960 --> 01:01:50,300
so that would be the sort of depth that you want and okay that's satisfactory in itself
495
01:01:50,300 --> 01:01:56,600
but the thinner it is the better quality if it's a miniature so when you're painting a
496
01:01:56,600 --> 01:02:02,520
portrait miniature it would have about seven layers like seven layers of skin and you can
497
01:02:02,520 --> 01:02:10,140
get much more three-dimensional look to it that way so I'm going to demonstrate some
498
01:02:10,140 --> 01:02:16,360
painting using another of these little tiles which is on steel and it's been counter enameled
499
01:02:16,360 --> 01:02:22,240
as well so factory process they spray this on probably using all the colors together
500
01:02:22,240 --> 01:02:28,640
to make the backing and they'll then flip it over and they'll spray on the white as
501
01:02:28,640 --> 01:02:33,840
well and you could set up a spray booth at home but it would be rather expensive I think
502
01:02:33,840 --> 01:02:41,920
so it's probably better to buy these pre-enameled so it's got a film of plastic over it which
503
01:02:41,920 --> 01:02:48,500
prevents it from being scratched take that off first and then you've got a lovely glossy
504
01:02:48,500 --> 01:02:59,760
shiny surface but even so I would take some kitchen towel and just spit on it and wipe
505
01:02:59,760 --> 01:03:06,800
over because spit is a wonderful degreaser and then the paint will go on easily if you've
506
01:03:06,800 --> 01:03:14,920
got any finger marks or whatever it means that it's going to resist any water-based
507
01:03:14,920 --> 01:03:22,640
paint like glycerol or unimedia it'll probably be okay for the oil-based ones but it's best
508
01:03:22,640 --> 01:03:29,960
to make sure it's completely clean so I'm just anchoring it there without pressing down
509
01:03:29,960 --> 01:03:37,520
in the middle and then I've got a selection of sable brushes here which I love the Kalinsky
510
01:03:37,520 --> 01:03:46,060
finest sable by Windsor and Newton but you can find cheaper versions or you can use synthetic
511
01:03:46,060 --> 01:03:51,240
brushes if you prefer but as long as they reach a fine point because these Kalinsky
512
01:03:51,240 --> 01:03:56,520
sable absolutely beautiful at reaching a fine point whereas sometimes the synthetic brush
513
01:03:56,520 --> 01:04:01,700
might split and that would be really annoying for painting I've got one here that I just
514
01:04:01,700 --> 01:04:06,800
use for lack of resist and so you can see the split in it it's probably because I've
515
01:04:06,800 --> 01:04:12,720
used it for lack of resist it's a lovely brush to use with the grip but I just use it for
516
01:04:12,720 --> 01:04:23,120
lack of resist so with this I've got a number a zero a one and a two and really that's quite
517
01:04:23,120 --> 01:04:29,040
adequate you might add a zero zero as well I use the zero mainly when I'm doing miniaturist
518
01:04:29,040 --> 01:04:35,620
work but for this I'll use the number two brush it doesn't get much work so it's going
519
01:04:35,620 --> 01:04:40,960
to work now I'm going to use uni media because it's quick drying and we've been using it
520
01:04:40,960 --> 01:04:48,500
so far I'll be using glycerol later on so I'll put some uni media down there ready to
521
01:04:48,500 --> 01:05:01,160
mix with the four fugitive colors so I've got cardinal red in the sunshine range put
522
01:05:01,160 --> 01:05:09,480
a little bit doesn't take a lot down there and then the orange another cadmium color
523
01:05:09,480 --> 01:05:38,600
then the ceradel color the beautiful scarlet rouge de fure put the top back on straightaway
524
01:05:38,600 --> 01:05:46,120
and then this purple red which is the one that I used when I was testing the different
525
01:05:46,120 --> 01:05:54,640
mediums so this is the one that tells you whether the base is right for and whether
526
01:05:54,640 --> 01:06:01,160
the medium is right because it should go a beautiful purple red if it goes brown no
527
01:06:01,160 --> 01:06:11,960
that base or that medium won't work so I'm going to mix in a little bit of the purple
528
01:06:11,960 --> 01:06:20,720
purple red this is and it's blending well and it's actually the idea is to mix the
529
01:06:20,720 --> 01:06:26,220
paint by getting rid of all the little balls of paint and get it into a position where
530
01:06:26,220 --> 01:06:31,640
it will be a pile of paint like that you don't want it flooding everywhere you can always
531
01:06:31,640 --> 01:06:42,680
add medium to it with your brush so there we are and mix mixing means removing the paint
532
01:06:42,680 --> 01:06:53,960
from there and to prepare the next one so this time it's going to be a little bit of
533
01:06:53,960 --> 01:07:04,280
the lovely rouge de fure such a pure color that you couldn't mix from anything else now
534
01:07:04,280 --> 01:07:10,600
because these fugitive colors behave strangely it can be a good idea to add a little bit
535
01:07:10,600 --> 01:07:16,960
of white into them and then that supports the firing because they've got a lower firing
536
01:07:16,960 --> 01:07:24,400
temperature or spot-on 750 whereas the blues are very very stable and the blues and the
537
01:07:24,400 --> 01:07:31,320
blacks take slightly longer to fire like white does if you add a tiny touch of white it will
538
01:07:31,320 --> 01:07:37,840
support the firing because white is a higher firing within the margin of you know only
539
01:07:37,840 --> 01:07:44,480
up to a sort of 860 I think these colors can go to but I find for paintings it's better
540
01:07:44,480 --> 01:07:52,760
to stick at the 750 some people do a high firing but my nerves wouldn't stand it I think
541
01:07:52,760 --> 01:07:58,760
it's better to hit your target and then know that you haven't over fired so a little bit
542
01:07:58,760 --> 01:08:06,520
more uni-mediate into the orange and blend that down so that that will make a little
543
01:08:06,520 --> 01:08:16,920
pile of color and then I'll do this test piece using these it's going to get clear of the
544
01:08:16,920 --> 01:08:26,680
purple red put it down there and it's dragging a bit so I'm just going to add a touch more
545
01:08:26,680 --> 01:08:32,440
of the uni-mediate and now it's flowing well so you don't want your paintbrush dragging
546
01:08:32,440 --> 01:08:42,720
so that's the orange I think some of these colors they used to have mercury in and as
547
01:08:42,720 --> 01:08:48,720
I was saying in the PowerPoint presentation very very poisonous oxides which obviously
548
01:08:48,720 --> 01:08:54,600
the factories are gradually removing and changing the recipes so they may be not quite so bright
549
01:08:54,600 --> 01:09:05,360
as they were in the 18th century they did have a beautiful pink in the 18th century
550
01:09:05,360 --> 01:09:21,360
which you can't achieve today all right the final one is the cadmium red
551
01:09:21,360 --> 01:09:27,840
I hardly use this at all really I can't use it in flesh tones I tend to use the brighter
552
01:09:27,840 --> 01:09:41,160
one the Ruchter for that's for later right all the colors down clean up the palette get
553
01:09:41,160 --> 01:09:52,360
the uni-mediate off and this is just a basic ceramic tile which you could find any size
554
01:09:52,360 --> 01:10:00,680
okay so I've got my number two brush here it's quite nice to have the kitchen towel
555
01:10:00,680 --> 01:10:08,840
handy so I instinctively wash the brush to start with and then roll it into the medium
556
01:10:08,840 --> 01:10:15,240
and I normally put the solvent first and then the medium because you're washing your brush
557
01:10:15,240 --> 01:10:20,680
first and then you go into the so this has got uni-media in it and I'm going to gather
558
01:10:20,680 --> 01:10:28,980
up rolling the brush into the purple red and then at this end I'm just going to lay down
559
01:10:28,980 --> 01:10:35,640
some brushstrokes and first of all I'm just dragging it if you can imagine these little
560
01:10:35,640 --> 01:10:43,400
polystyrene balls in there steel balls and it's like the brush is like a feather and
561
01:10:43,400 --> 01:10:50,520
you're just rolling these tiny balls of glass along and if you have a gentle touch that's
562
01:10:50,520 --> 01:10:58,160
the way to get the thinnest sort of paint and then the smoothest so I'm just stroking
563
01:10:58,160 --> 01:11:09,080
the paint here into place and once I've got an even base there then I can introduce more
564
01:11:09,080 --> 01:11:17,360
paint at the top and it's like floating decoration onto a cake icing so you've got the base there
565
01:11:17,360 --> 01:11:23,080
of the paint and just adding more colour and drawing that in and it's very good if you
566
01:11:23,080 --> 01:11:28,080
can draw the paint towards you it'd be hopeless if you were trying to go across like that
567
01:11:28,080 --> 01:11:35,040
so again a piece of card really helps that so pulling the paint towards you is much more
568
01:11:35,040 --> 01:11:41,280
relaxing and it's just the very tip of the brush that's working for me here and I'm drawing
569
01:11:41,280 --> 01:11:50,520
it right down so from this I've got the tone and the half tone and if I kept going then
570
01:11:50,520 --> 01:11:56,640
it will be thinner and thinner until you hardly saw anything so wash the brush make sure there's
571
01:11:56,640 --> 01:12:03,320
no red coming off purple red and then put it into the unimedia wipe it again so there's
572
01:12:03,320 --> 01:12:09,440
a damp brush and I'm going to roll it into this Ruch de Feu the scarlet colour and do
573
01:12:09,440 --> 01:12:25,520
the same thing again just again stroking the colour into place making it quite thin down
574
01:12:25,520 --> 01:12:35,480
there and once I've got that laid then going into the top and adding a bit more paint until
575
01:12:35,480 --> 01:12:41,960
it's super saturated and you wouldn't want to go any thicker than that any darker because
576
01:12:41,960 --> 01:12:47,040
you remember from troubleshooting I showed how some of the paint could be could just
577
01:12:47,040 --> 01:12:52,280
ping off because it's too thick so there's another one just make it a little bit thicker
578
01:12:52,280 --> 01:13:01,040
there actually it will take it just to show the tone and the half tone that's good wipe
579
01:13:01,040 --> 01:13:08,440
that off and wash it into the unimedia or whatever medium you're using and then just
580
01:13:08,440 --> 01:13:15,440
begin to stroke this down so that I'm thinning it this time now you're adding paint with
581
01:13:15,440 --> 01:13:23,240
the brush but you can also remove it so with a damp brush use it like a mop and come down
582
01:13:23,240 --> 01:13:39,960
this side here and follow it around and the brush does the mopping coming down to there
583
01:13:39,960 --> 01:13:47,240
so it's just instinct now to go into the solvent clean it and then into the medium damp brush
584
01:13:47,240 --> 01:13:52,760
and then do a bit of tidying never ever put the solvent into the paint or anywhere near
585
01:13:52,760 --> 01:14:03,240
it just mix medium with paint and you won't spoil the work so this time it's orange and
586
01:14:03,240 --> 01:14:07,920
you see how the paints are holding their shape on the palette so they're not going to flood
587
01:14:07,920 --> 01:14:12,160
and go everywhere that would be really annoying if they started to flood into one another
588
01:14:12,160 --> 01:14:25,880
and just pulling this around and a little bit more at the top and then I'll draw it
589
01:14:25,880 --> 01:14:36,400
down to make it thinner at the bottom wiping off into the medium damp brush and then bring
590
01:14:36,400 --> 01:14:45,920
this down so that I've got the half tone more obviously there and then with the damp brush
591
01:14:45,920 --> 01:14:57,320
into the medium just work around so if I were to put a water brush there it would just flood
592
01:14:57,320 --> 01:15:04,120
the paint and it would go into the water and spoil it so that's why it has to be damp
593
01:15:04,120 --> 01:15:16,560
medium on the brush okay so that's come well and now it's finally the cadmium this lovely
594
01:15:16,560 --> 01:15:27,920
deep colour here and I'm doing this so that in the firing you can see dramatic colour
595
01:15:27,920 --> 01:15:40,280
change so I'm working more paint into the top so that it's super saturated I've got
596
01:15:40,280 --> 01:15:56,760
enough there and then drawing down the rest to make it the half tone
597
01:15:56,760 --> 01:16:14,880
so just remember the feather analogy and I think steady hand good eye and perseverance
598
01:16:14,880 --> 01:16:22,560
and you'll get faster as time goes on but just get it correctly done to start with okay
599
01:16:22,560 --> 01:16:31,080
so we'll fire this in the kiln now here's the piece still wet so the colours are really
600
01:16:31,080 --> 01:16:39,480
going to look like that when it's fired glossy I take it off the cardboard base leaving behind
601
01:16:39,480 --> 01:16:45,640
a little bit of tacky stuff and choose the kiln fork and for a fast firing back on to
602
01:16:45,640 --> 01:16:54,880
the titanium mesh right still got to be dried but because it's uni media it's fast drying
603
01:16:54,880 --> 01:17:01,720
and the evaporation is happening almost instantaneously water being driven off now this is cellulose
604
01:17:01,720 --> 01:17:08,920
based and I have taught a group where somebody put it straight in the kiln and all the uni
605
01:17:08,920 --> 01:17:14,600
media actually caught fire and he opened the kiln door and flames were coming out and it
606
01:17:14,600 --> 01:17:19,680
wasn't from the elements or anything it was from the paint itself so we quickly switched
607
01:17:19,680 --> 01:17:25,240
off shut the door and waited for the bonfire to subside so that's pretty well ready and
608
01:17:25,240 --> 01:17:34,120
it's going to go into the kiln just supporting it there and leaving that until it gets to
609
01:17:34,120 --> 01:17:41,280
750 now this is on such a thin piece of steel enamel that it's going to fire more quickly
610
01:17:41,280 --> 01:17:49,360
at the temperature the 750 1382 it may even fire just below that temperature so it needs
611
01:17:49,360 --> 01:17:57,680
careful watching and I'm going to warm it to dry off the uni media as before so it just
612
01:17:57,680 --> 01:18:04,000
presented into the kiln about three times the temperature drops that's no bad thing
613
01:18:04,000 --> 01:18:11,120
because you want to go just below 700 ready for firing and then it climbs back up again
614
01:18:11,120 --> 01:18:18,920
so it's on the titanium mesh and it's just going in now I have to support it a bit and
615
01:18:18,920 --> 01:18:28,440
use that kitchen slice to get it off gently and then shut the kiln down and it's going
616
01:18:28,440 --> 01:18:35,760
to take about a minute and a half I reckon to climb back up it started climbing already
617
01:18:35,760 --> 01:18:43,200
because that piece is going to warm up very very quickly being thin steel such a good
618
01:18:43,200 --> 01:18:51,540
piece for a test piece but when it gets to about 730 I'm going to take a look at it because
619
01:18:51,540 --> 01:18:59,820
I don't want to overfire it I want pure colors these are the fugitive colors the purple red
620
01:18:59,820 --> 01:19:07,520
very fugitive and that means unstable and the scarlet which is the rooster fur seradel
621
01:19:07,520 --> 01:19:16,880
color the orange and the cardinal red fugitive means that they're they're just going to change
622
01:19:16,880 --> 01:19:25,080
wildly if you use the wrong medium use the wrong base and fire them and the wrong way
623
01:19:25,080 --> 01:19:36,640
so it's climbing back up and another 15 degrees or so and then we'll take a look I've got
624
01:19:36,640 --> 01:19:43,760
the overhead light to just check when it comes out if it's shiny or not if it's under fired
625
01:19:43,760 --> 01:19:53,560
it goes straight back in but I'm going to take a look now now it's got that sort of
626
01:19:53,560 --> 01:20:01,400
orange glow about it and it is actually fired and it's a beautiful firing so that's what
627
01:20:01,400 --> 01:20:08,200
you want I'm going to put it down there and let it cool down so it's fired quickly because
628
01:20:08,200 --> 01:20:15,560
it's very thin if it's a large plaque very thick it's going to take longer in the kiln
629
01:20:15,560 --> 01:20:23,760
but don't let the kiln go above say 800 because the paint will be over fired if you go that
630
01:20:23,760 --> 01:20:31,100
far you can see it's cooling down and the colors are coming back and they're pretty
631
01:20:31,100 --> 01:20:37,320
faithful to what I what I actually painted on so that's good I just touched it a little
632
01:20:37,320 --> 01:20:46,120
bit there to get the counter enamel off the titanium mesh and there it is cooling beautifully
633
01:20:46,120 --> 01:20:55,100
so purple red the rooster fur the orange and the cardinal red lovely range there and what
634
01:20:55,100 --> 01:21:02,200
a gorgeous glow now this is what happens if you overfire the piece you see how the colors
635
01:21:02,200 --> 01:21:10,760
have burned out and where I've painted strong color at the base but slightly thinner it's
636
01:21:10,760 --> 01:21:16,480
just burnt out all together and it hasn't gone gray but it has rather spoiled it and
637
01:21:16,480 --> 01:21:22,540
that was because that was fired at 750 just following the rule but not checking and not
638
01:21:22,540 --> 01:21:30,260
taking into account that this is a small piece so always test colors it's a good idea now
639
01:21:30,260 --> 01:21:36,080
I'm going to mix up two more colors for the butterfly one is the yellow little touch of
640
01:21:36,080 --> 01:21:44,280
that and this is not a cadmium color it's just a basic color there is a cadmium yellow
641
01:21:44,280 --> 01:21:54,120
and it's called mandarin but I can avoid it it it's okay to use without have a palette
642
01:21:54,120 --> 01:22:04,160
without it so mix that up and the other one is going to be the purple black which I have
643
01:22:04,160 --> 01:22:13,280
in powder form in this little pot here so I just dumped the yellow there and it holds
644
01:22:13,280 --> 01:22:22,880
its shape because I haven't added too much unimedium just enough clean up ready to put
645
01:22:22,880 --> 01:22:30,120
some of this great black here so here's the lovely mix I wouldn't take the pot lid off
646
01:22:30,120 --> 01:22:35,280
straight away because it's all a whole lot of powder floating around if you're going
647
01:22:35,280 --> 01:22:42,160
to actually be using large quantities of these which you can with screen printing and so
648
01:22:42,160 --> 01:22:51,480
on then it's a good idea to wear a mask I don't really want to get involved in supplying
649
01:22:51,480 --> 01:22:58,120
paint for the reason of just thinking about your health and not wanting to decant them
650
01:22:58,120 --> 01:23:06,600
so I can see the purple the red and the green there and they're just blending together okay
651
01:23:06,600 --> 01:23:20,800
that's all ready to go now so I am I haven't got the square with me right now that's at
652
01:23:20,800 --> 01:23:27,560
the kiln part we can just press on because I can grip the outer edges without any worry
653
01:23:27,560 --> 01:23:35,000
so I'm just going to dip into the orange and it's a good strong color and just lay that
654
01:23:35,000 --> 01:23:58,080
down just coming into here as well so you'll just feel the silkiness of the paint on the
655
01:23:58,080 --> 01:24:13,720
brush it's a really nice medium to use and again if you make any errors you can wipe
656
01:24:13,720 --> 01:24:18,480
it off and I'm working quite quickly with uni media because you find that with a palette
657
01:24:18,480 --> 01:24:24,880
of mixed colors they will have dried after about two and a half hours of working if you've
658
01:24:24,880 --> 01:24:33,480
got them out in the open especially on a warm day so they would need regrinding people make
659
01:24:33,480 --> 01:24:39,980
bowls vases decorate tables in Iran with these paints these same paints are used around the
660
01:24:39,980 --> 01:24:47,800
world they're made in Germany by a company that is called ferro fe double r o but if
661
01:24:47,800 --> 01:24:53,640
you buy them direct from the factory you buy five kilos at a time and of course there are
662
01:24:53,640 --> 01:25:00,920
lots of middlemen that break down the color into first one kilo and then into 250 grams
663
01:25:00,920 --> 01:25:12,560
and so on so I've just got a damp brush and I'm working backwards to get the half tone
664
01:25:12,560 --> 01:25:26,120
up off the excess and get back to there so sometimes there's a shortage in supply of
665
01:25:26,120 --> 01:25:34,520
the purples because the person who has to buy a kilo or five kilos can't afford it quite
666
01:25:34,520 --> 01:25:40,560
yet and their stocks run down and then they run out and that can be a bit of a nuisance
667
01:25:40,560 --> 01:25:53,800
so make sure your stock is quite high
668
01:25:53,800 --> 01:25:59,480
right you're removing to get fine lines if you're doing hairs on a cat or something this
669
01:25:59,480 --> 01:26:04,480
brush is wonderful to just draw down either side and there you've got the fine hair and
670
01:26:04,480 --> 01:26:11,120
I'm just going to put a little bit more intense color up at the top so I've got the brush
671
01:26:11,120 --> 01:26:20,960
super saturated with orange and I'm just putting it back into the top part there and already
672
01:26:20,960 --> 01:26:27,980
I can feel the paint just beginning to drag a bit on the on the palette because it's been
673
01:26:27,980 --> 01:26:36,740
sitting out and it's a warm day so coming around the other side I'm blending with the brush
674
01:26:36,740 --> 01:26:41,520
to try and remove some of the brush strokes but here I quite like to see the brush strokes
675
01:26:41,520 --> 01:26:47,560
in this design but if you're doing a portrait you'd be really mashing those strokes down
676
01:26:47,560 --> 01:26:53,640
or any sort of delicate shading or on the other hand you could use the brush strokes
677
01:26:53,640 --> 01:27:01,340
to get the veining on a leaf or on a flower petal so that's about right there so I wash
678
01:27:01,340 --> 01:27:08,560
the excess paint off onto the cloth and then that goes out in the bin and what I do when
679
01:27:08,560 --> 01:27:14,800
I'm throwing water away that's got paint in it is just put it into another bowl and then
680
01:27:14,800 --> 01:27:20,160
pour away the water next day and I've got the paint sitting at the bottom and I wipe
681
01:27:20,160 --> 01:27:25,880
that away and that's just so that these paints don't go into the water system so now it's
682
01:27:25,880 --> 01:27:36,920
a little touch of yellow coming around here and this isn't shaded it's just blocking it
683
01:27:36,920 --> 01:27:53,540
in and there I'll just put another one there always make changes never do the same thing
684
01:27:53,540 --> 01:28:10,920
twice and there right the next part is the purple black the great black I mean and again
685
01:28:10,920 --> 01:28:17,520
I'm just going to take this up and put a little bit blocked in here as much as I dare without
686
01:28:17,520 --> 01:28:22,600
it being too thick because I didn't want it taking longer to fire than the other paint
687
01:28:22,600 --> 01:28:35,960
so they've all got to be about the same sort of level and to there
688
01:28:35,960 --> 01:28:42,920
okay I'm going to put the body in as well and I'm going to use Scraffito to just show
689
01:28:42,920 --> 01:29:06,880
the shape I'm going to go over that pen line a little bit up to the top
690
01:29:06,880 --> 01:29:14,480
that's it wipe off the excess there into the water and into the medium and then with the
691
01:29:14,480 --> 01:29:34,600
Scraffito you can just work into the paint just get a bit of texture
692
01:29:34,600 --> 01:29:41,000
and this is ready to fire again oh little bit of orange on the antennae I just spotted
693
01:29:41,000 --> 01:29:59,040
that so we'll just put these little dots there it just brightens it doesn't it that's good
694
01:29:59,040 --> 01:30:06,160
the enamel looks shiny still because the paint's wet and I'm going to offer it up to dry it
695
01:30:06,160 --> 01:30:11,960
so I'm driving off the unimedia which is water-based so you'll see steam rising but it's such a
696
01:30:11,960 --> 01:30:20,280
small bit of painting may not show
697
01:30:20,280 --> 01:30:28,040
okay under the lamp it's gone nice and pastel so that's the time to put it into the kiln
698
01:30:28,040 --> 01:30:32,680
and it goes to the back of the kiln shut the door down and wait for the whole thing to
699
01:30:32,680 --> 01:30:41,160
climb up to 750 again 1382 so I'm just going to talk about another butterfly here that
700
01:30:41,160 --> 01:30:45,000
was made and you can probably read this now that this was made with the sponge painting
701
01:30:45,000 --> 01:30:53,200
in the background with the margin around first using the tape just to protect it and then
702
01:30:53,200 --> 01:30:57,760
the next thing was the pen line to get all of this outlining on the butterfly and the
703
01:30:57,760 --> 01:31:03,920
antennae and so on and then that was the second firing and the third firing was adding the
704
01:31:03,920 --> 01:31:10,720
paint and that was done with sponging but you could use it use a brush here but it just
705
01:31:10,720 --> 01:31:15,420
I don't know it takes away the brush strokes which is quite good to have a sort of blocking
706
01:31:15,420 --> 01:31:22,520
enough color and yet it's thin enough so that was that tile another idea is to have a little
707
01:31:22,520 --> 01:31:30,560
poem or a saying and in two fire three firings that was a backwash there then the magpies
708
01:31:30,560 --> 01:31:37,160
were put on in a more bold way and finally the handwriting in the purple red so that
709
01:31:37,160 --> 01:31:44,120
was quite effective I talk about those because they like student work I was training somebody
710
01:31:44,120 --> 01:31:51,520
for six months it came to me here this shows the sequence for lacquer resist and sponging
711
01:31:51,520 --> 01:31:57,320
so down here you've got the first stages where you've got lacquer resist and some scrafito
712
01:31:57,320 --> 01:32:03,720
scratching out these fine little twigs and so on sponging on two colors the green and
713
01:32:03,720 --> 01:32:10,640
the blue and then again it's been a lacquer resisted so that you've got the twigs with
714
01:32:10,640 --> 01:32:17,880
the blue background and when the next sponging layer was put on I scrafitoed back to the
715
01:32:17,880 --> 01:32:24,480
original green or into the blue and here you can read it that I've put more lacquer resist
716
01:32:24,480 --> 01:32:31,680
on and this time put on a black sort of strong really that is the lamp black and then scrafitoed
717
01:32:31,680 --> 01:32:40,040
back to reveal just a little bit and this final one here you can see the sequence where
718
01:32:40,040 --> 01:32:46,520
lacquer resist to show the white there but bit of scrafito if it's too fiddly then protect
719
01:32:46,520 --> 01:32:53,540
it again with dots of lacquer resist and then you're just protecting some of this lovely
720
01:32:53,540 --> 01:33:00,140
turquoise and sponge over with a darker turquoise peel off your lack of resist and then the
721
01:33:00,140 --> 01:33:06,760
third firing would be protecting it all the white and the turquoise and then sponging
722
01:33:06,760 --> 01:33:12,880
over the grape black and the fourth firing is where I've just added touches of paint
723
01:33:12,880 --> 01:33:19,200
with a brush and these are fun because you'll use the lacquer resist like this drawing it
724
01:33:19,200 --> 01:33:26,320
down and then the final little bits are used scrafito work and little dots and so on and
725
01:33:26,320 --> 01:33:32,200
then protect it again with lacquer resist and add in another darker colour for sponging
726
01:33:32,200 --> 01:33:39,640
and the final bit is little touches of paint there and here you've got some broad bands
727
01:33:39,640 --> 01:33:47,220
of colour which are only revealed when you put the sponging over and then scrafito back
728
01:33:47,220 --> 01:33:57,360
to get those colours so the kiln's now up to 750 put the glove on and take it out and
729
01:33:57,360 --> 01:34:03,640
it's lovely and it's gone changed colour and I can see the paint shining there and I'm
730
01:34:03,640 --> 01:34:07,520
just going to put it straight down onto here I'm always worried in case the marble top
731
01:34:07,520 --> 01:34:12,160
might crack or something I don't think it would but I'm just going to settle it there
732
01:34:12,160 --> 01:34:18,400
and you can see what it's like those bright colours the cadmium colours and the yellow
733
01:34:18,400 --> 01:34:26,480
have changed colour dramatically so the orange has gone more like the cadmium red and the
734
01:34:26,480 --> 01:34:33,280
yellow has gone a really dark yolk yellow and the great black hasn't changed at all
735
01:34:33,280 --> 01:34:51,520
the enamel is now cool and I've mounted it again on a piece of card with some of the
736
01:34:51,520 --> 01:34:57,560
blue tack and it makes it easier to move the card rather than touch the enamel as I said
737
01:34:57,560 --> 01:35:04,960
before so I'm going to take some lacquer resist and this time I'm going to paint around the
738
01:35:04,960 --> 01:35:10,040
butterfly so that there's a well here where you see white that's going to become this
739
01:35:10,040 --> 01:35:16,560
ochre colour and this is really doing something in reverse from what I did before when I was
740
01:35:16,560 --> 01:35:23,880
actually making white silhouettes this time you've reserved some white which you then
741
01:35:23,880 --> 01:35:29,480
paint with pure colour because if it had the blue over it it wouldn't give the required
742
01:35:29,480 --> 01:35:35,320
colour because the paint acts like layers of tissue paper one colour shining through
743
01:35:35,320 --> 01:35:44,360
another so I'm just going to go carefully around here and it's just so that I can put
744
01:35:44,360 --> 01:35:51,240
the sponging in the centre covering the white and of course I've got to cover the parts
745
01:35:51,240 --> 01:35:56,960
that I've painted because I don't want them to go ochre as well so it will go over here
746
01:35:56,960 --> 01:36:07,240
and around there and you may think oh well you may as well do this as a painting as well
747
01:36:07,240 --> 01:36:13,920
that's your judgement to paint the white area ochre with a brush but following through
748
01:36:13,920 --> 01:36:19,960
with the sponge work gives it that speckly effect as if you've put a million dots like
749
01:36:19,960 --> 01:36:26,520
Pantalism in miniature painting so it gives it a certain sort of style and you don't see
750
01:36:26,520 --> 01:36:34,260
any streakiness that you might get with brush painting so while I'm doing this which is
751
01:36:34,260 --> 01:36:45,400
a little bit laborious I'm just going to show you a painting here and this has several techniques
752
01:36:45,400 --> 01:36:56,440
which you'll be able to identify line work with pen and ink using the iron red actually
753
01:36:56,440 --> 01:37:03,740
which is not part of my palette but it does give a wonderful terracotta colour similar
754
01:37:03,740 --> 01:37:12,660
to the miniatures that were made many many centuries ago and they were using Minium which
755
01:37:12,660 --> 01:37:19,360
was a mercury oxide which gave this gave this sort of orange colour and that's where we
756
01:37:19,360 --> 01:37:31,200
think the word miniature comes from from Minium so after firing on the line work I then used
757
01:37:31,200 --> 01:37:38,440
some sponging to make the block in the background colours and then you can see with this particular
758
01:37:38,440 --> 01:37:45,760
one there's a yellow base and I put orange over the top with a brush and then scraffitoed
759
01:37:45,760 --> 01:37:53,880
back to the yellow so you'll be able to read the painting to understand the stages there's
760
01:37:53,880 --> 01:38:01,960
probably about six firings there and there's also some scraffito in the background as well
761
01:38:01,960 --> 01:38:10,640
not quite so noticeable and then another painting more boldly a sponge painting and it's got
762
01:38:10,640 --> 01:38:17,880
some gold work on it as well you can see with the bells and you can understand the sequence
763
01:38:17,880 --> 01:38:32,000
there three layers of paint sponged on using lacquer resist to build up that density so
764
01:38:32,000 --> 01:38:36,680
I think planning your own work it's quite good to just turn it over in your mind it's
765
01:38:36,680 --> 01:38:42,480
good mental gymnastics to think what you're going to be doing first and what effect you
766
01:38:42,480 --> 01:38:49,880
want to achieve lots of things are possible if you just think it through and just going
767
01:38:49,880 --> 01:38:55,240
over the dots and I'm leaving a little bit of white as well because that might be quite
768
01:38:55,240 --> 01:39:07,900
attractive it's quite difficult if you put a dark colour over the top of this red it's
769
01:39:07,900 --> 01:39:13,560
difficult then to see the red shining through and you may miss some areas and then they
770
01:39:13,560 --> 01:39:21,120
get fired in the kiln and it the lacquer resist then goes gray and I'm afraid it's fired on
771
01:39:21,120 --> 01:39:27,320
and there's nothing you can do except scrape it off with a diamond point so it's best to
772
01:39:27,320 --> 01:39:33,840
find all of them right we're going to just leave that to dry now and come back to it
773
01:39:33,840 --> 01:39:44,760
later to sponge on the ochre I'm going to go back to the piece that I demonstrated earlier
774
01:39:44,760 --> 01:39:52,920
with brush painting and I've got that over at the kiln ready to fire right the sponging
775
01:39:52,920 --> 01:39:59,880
is going to be done with uni media and ochre so I'll take the ochre paint and I just need
776
01:39:59,880 --> 01:40:05,920
just enough to cover that surface but knowing that the sponge takes up quite a lot you need
777
01:40:05,920 --> 01:40:14,280
to just put in maybe double what you thought never put it back in the pot and then take
778
01:40:14,280 --> 01:40:22,320
some uni media put it beside it and then just work it in so that you've got a lovely silky
779
01:40:22,320 --> 01:40:31,080
paint and make sure you mash down all the balls of powder so it's all blended don't want any
780
01:40:31,080 --> 01:40:37,840
fierce dots of color in the middle of it so you just gather it I haven't used all the
781
01:40:37,840 --> 01:40:47,160
uni media there so I'm just going to wipe that off and that's about the right consistency
782
01:40:47,160 --> 01:40:56,640
and then you want to finally gather it up clean that off and then ready to sponge over now
783
01:40:56,640 --> 01:41:03,920
you can get varieties of sponge and this sort of thing from craft hobbyists and that would
784
01:41:03,920 --> 01:41:10,720
be about the right size to use or on chopsticks you can mount your own bit of upholstery sponge
785
01:41:10,720 --> 01:41:18,200
or you may get makeup sponges which could work quite well so I'll use a couple of these one
786
01:41:18,200 --> 01:41:26,000
on one side and one on the other to just show how it works we're just coming in the middle
787
01:41:26,000 --> 01:41:35,080
here doesn't match if you go over a bit because you can always wipe that off afterwards main
788
01:41:35,080 --> 01:41:43,680
thing is it to make it even if that's what you want and then with this little upholstery
789
01:41:43,680 --> 01:41:53,360
sponge try it there first yep it's working and then go over this bit and it's just the
790
01:41:53,360 --> 01:42:06,680
dabbing motion and I'll even them up now so that they look symmetrical now the fun bit
791
01:42:06,680 --> 01:42:16,240
getting the tweezers and just wiping off that excess paint there straight onto the blue
792
01:42:16,240 --> 01:42:25,240
and then lifting a corner and the body may come away as well that's rather satisfying
793
01:42:25,240 --> 01:42:37,360
isn't it so just put that down there and then tidy up the rest and that's leaving a little
794
01:42:37,360 --> 01:42:55,680
bit of white which I intended if this lacquer resist gets a bit wet then it starts to dissolve
795
01:42:55,680 --> 01:43:01,760
and it makes it more difficult to peel off so that's why it's best not to keep sponging
796
01:43:01,760 --> 01:43:11,600
over but to do it quite confidently having done some testing on the tile that's getting
797
01:43:11,600 --> 01:43:21,520
that bit off and that bit that has gone wet so I'm going to use something else to get
798
01:43:21,520 --> 01:43:29,160
that off right I'm going to just go around here make sure all the ochre that had strayed
799
01:43:29,160 --> 01:43:48,040
off has come off there grab that bit there and then use a brush that I wet just to dissolve
800
01:43:48,040 --> 01:43:56,400
that a bit further and lift it off there it's coming off on the paintbrush and that's all
801
01:43:56,400 --> 01:44:08,600
fired so no worry about going over this area but don't stray into the ochre part so I'm
802
01:44:08,600 --> 01:44:15,000
sure you'll work out more complicated designs as I have with many of my sponge paintings
803
01:44:15,000 --> 01:44:21,800
but this is just to show simply how to put together six or seven techniques and make
804
01:44:21,800 --> 01:44:32,800
it work so having removed all the lacquer resist I now go around it with scrafito just
805
01:44:32,800 --> 01:44:47,280
to outline a little bit more because the white really does bring out color and there and
806
01:44:47,280 --> 01:45:07,920
just a little bit there there okay I need to wipe this off and this one will now be
807
01:45:07,920 --> 01:45:16,120
fired at 750 1382 take the blue tack off the back don't want that firing on and we'll
808
01:45:16,120 --> 01:45:24,120
go across to the kiln again now for this firing I've got a tile already in the kiln this is
809
01:45:24,120 --> 01:45:30,320
a ceramic fiberboard support so it's lucky and hot and as soon as I put the butter on
810
01:45:30,320 --> 01:45:36,120
it you'll probably see the steam coming off because it will be drying this unimedia very
811
01:45:36,120 --> 01:45:50,440
quickly so put it there and then use the spatula now this is just an alternative method and
812
01:45:50,440 --> 01:45:56,600
present it at the mouth of the kiln and it's going to go that pastel shade it's already
813
01:45:56,600 --> 01:46:06,440
gone so just heated up the plaque very quickly put it to the back of the kiln where it's
814
01:46:06,440 --> 01:46:14,040
hottest and shut the door and then watch it climb back up and this will go up to full
815
01:46:14,040 --> 01:46:21,560
firing 750 because it's a normal sized thick piece of steel about one and a half millimeters
816
01:46:21,560 --> 01:46:29,800
I think compared to this one being probably a third of a millimeter I think so thin but
817
01:46:29,800 --> 01:46:35,400
the wonderful thing about steel is it keeps its flat shape so that's great to work with
818
01:46:35,400 --> 01:46:41,960
because copper would need doming in order to keep the shape if you had a piece of copper
819
01:46:41,960 --> 01:46:48,160
flat like that it would go saucer shaped in the kiln so the only way to counteract that
820
01:46:48,160 --> 01:46:53,880
is to dome it the other way or what you can do when you bring it out of the kiln very
821
01:46:53,880 --> 01:47:02,480
carefully not when the enamel is still very very toffee like but just afterwards you just
822
01:47:02,480 --> 01:47:08,520
flatten it at the edges like that with a pair of butter knives and that will rescue the
823
01:47:08,520 --> 01:47:15,280
copper or you can get a flat iron old-fashioned flat iron or a pot or a piece of steel block
824
01:47:15,280 --> 01:47:22,520
which is really hot and lay that on top and flatten it but be careful it's got to be done
825
01:47:22,520 --> 01:47:28,360
just after it's gone not the toffee stage otherwise you'll mark the enamel just a couple
826
01:47:28,360 --> 01:47:37,000
of seconds after and then press not too long otherwise it will crack being glass so this
827
01:47:37,000 --> 01:47:45,760
is climbing up again now and when it gets to 750 it'll be ready to take out and then there's
828
01:47:45,760 --> 01:47:54,800
just one more firing which is applying some navy blue the the great blue and also the
829
01:47:54,800 --> 01:48:06,520
the gold which is an interesting piece right with gold you lay it on too thickly and it
830
01:48:06,520 --> 01:48:12,840
won't fire properly so you may think that adding a rich coating of gold would be best but it
831
01:48:12,840 --> 01:48:21,560
isn't make it too thin and it just goes like a sort of lacquer smear of a lavender color
832
01:48:21,560 --> 01:48:28,680
so just right which I'll demonstrate in a moment and you'll get this lovely glint and
833
01:48:28,680 --> 01:48:34,400
these lusters are available in all sorts of colors there's gold and there's platinum
834
01:48:34,400 --> 01:48:40,880
and silver and interestingly it's the platinum that gives a better silver than silver itself
835
01:48:40,880 --> 01:48:46,520
there's a copper luster there's carmine there's green there's all sorts of colors that you
836
01:48:46,520 --> 01:48:52,240
can play with a bit like ceramics and majolica and I'm going to show you in a minute how
837
01:48:52,240 --> 01:49:00,000
you brush it on you semi-fire it and as soon as the bright gold comes up then you've got
838
01:49:00,000 --> 01:49:04,760
a chance to scrafito into it because it's not fully fired and you can refine all the
839
01:49:04,760 --> 01:49:11,000
gold that you've laid down and then fire it fully and that fixes it so it's not going
840
01:49:11,000 --> 01:49:16,360
to come off at all so this is the same gold that's used in the ceramics industry to go
841
01:49:16,360 --> 01:49:24,120
around the edging of plates and cups and saucers and so on so getting ready to take the piece
842
01:49:24,120 --> 01:49:36,880
out when it reaches 750 just about now there it is always has that lovely orange glow about
843
01:49:36,880 --> 01:49:46,920
it and with the overhead light I can see that it's fired and then pop that down and then
844
01:49:46,920 --> 01:49:53,720
as soon as it's cooled enough after about a minute on there it begins to pull away from
845
01:49:53,720 --> 01:50:00,040
the ceramic fiberboard which has this clay wash over it if I were to lift it now it would
846
01:50:00,040 --> 01:50:06,040
tear some of the clay wash off so I'm going to leave it for a couple of minutes and then
847
01:50:06,040 --> 01:50:16,440
put it on to perhaps the titanium mesh to cool it more rapidly so it's changing color
848
01:50:16,440 --> 01:50:25,760
which gives me an idea of the temperature but you can see it's still stuck because the glass
849
01:50:25,760 --> 01:50:39,920
is contracting and it will be just worth waiting a little bit before putting it on there it's
850
01:50:39,920 --> 01:50:43,840
quite nice sometimes to work two paintings at once because while you're waiting for
851
01:50:43,840 --> 01:50:51,080
one to cool down you can be applying the sponging to the other one I've often done that there
852
01:50:51,080 --> 01:50:57,440
it's come away it hasn't torn any of that so I'm just going to leave it there to cool
853
01:50:57,440 --> 01:51:03,600
and then we'll add the next layer right for this I'm going to apply the great black I've
854
01:51:03,600 --> 01:51:13,680
got some mixed up here so I'll take a little portion and use unimedia again I'm going to
855
01:51:13,680 --> 01:51:20,280
apply this with a brush this time and then use some scrafito so we want some unimedia
856
01:51:20,280 --> 01:51:31,200
to add put a blob beside it about the same size you can see the color haven't quite mixed
857
01:51:31,200 --> 01:51:38,120
so there's the green and I can see purple but blending it now is making something slightly
858
01:51:38,120 --> 01:51:43,600
more on the green side so there must be a little bit more of the reed green going to
859
01:51:43,600 --> 01:51:54,240
take a number two brush and I need the unimedia open so just dry that off and then only have
860
01:51:54,240 --> 01:52:01,680
unimedia damp in the brush and roll the brush into the paint and then just paint down the
861
01:52:01,680 --> 01:52:19,160
side here roughly and both sides and come up around and there making it symmetrical
862
01:52:19,160 --> 01:52:44,680
okay now into this paint you can either use your scrafito tool
863
01:52:44,680 --> 01:52:58,520
make some lines like that that works quite well for refining things it just depends how
864
01:52:58,520 --> 01:53:05,720
blunt you make this tool by rubbing it on sandpaper because if it's really pointy the
865
01:53:05,720 --> 01:53:11,880
lines might be so fine that the paint falls back on itself then another tool that you
866
01:53:11,880 --> 01:53:21,640
could get from ceramics suppliers is this wipe out tool and using the blade here or
867
01:53:21,640 --> 01:53:33,080
this you can actually work into it like that or with the blade which gives the same sort
868
01:53:33,080 --> 01:53:42,000
of effect really the rubberiness is rather nice to press down on and this is turning
869
01:53:42,000 --> 01:53:50,840
it more into a moth than a butterfly but it would be very difficult to paint these lines
870
01:53:50,840 --> 01:54:02,160
in as fine lines so this is a good technique there and the last thing it's pretty I've
871
01:54:02,160 --> 01:54:07,320
got rather a lot of paint there there's nothing you can do with waste paint you can't reuse
872
01:54:07,320 --> 01:54:15,960
it just chuck it into the bin there rather than into the water system now the gold you
873
01:54:15,960 --> 01:54:24,240
may have bought gold one gram this size or you may get the gold from held of Holland
874
01:54:24,240 --> 01:54:30,960
they are now and that's the bright gold whichever one you buy it's got to be about 12% gold
875
01:54:30,960 --> 01:54:37,640
content it's a very expensive bottle so hopefully you can get a smaller one but if it's gone
876
01:54:37,640 --> 01:54:43,960
a little bit cloggy dried up a bit then you will need to let that down with some zest
877
01:54:43,960 --> 01:54:51,620
it so that's the solvent that use for oil painting and I've got a designated paintbrush
878
01:54:51,620 --> 01:54:59,240
here that I just labeled gold luster because if I use one of my beautiful sable brushes
879
01:54:59,240 --> 01:55:06,760
that I use for painting it's going to spoil it and there may be some gold in there still
880
01:55:06,760 --> 01:55:13,200
because it's a rather heavy sort of lacquer but just dipping in there lay a bit down here
881
01:55:13,200 --> 01:55:23,760
that's probably twenty dollars worth all in one go and as I said don't make it too thick
882
01:55:23,760 --> 01:55:41,320
just going to make a little border here so you don't want to see dark brown but more
883
01:55:41,320 --> 01:55:58,080
of a chestnutty color then you know you've got about the right thickness
884
01:55:58,080 --> 01:56:15,880
and if you make a mistake then actually wiping it off with a cloth it may smear and leave
885
01:56:15,880 --> 01:56:22,400
some gold left behind which you can't quite see but it will develop into a lacquer a sort
886
01:56:22,400 --> 01:56:28,500
of lavender color smear so you don't want to do that you want to scratch it off wipe
887
01:56:28,500 --> 01:56:44,480
it off when it's semi-fired that would be the best way
888
01:56:44,480 --> 01:56:52,720
it's quite difficult to see against the blue but when it develops it will come up glossy
889
01:56:52,720 --> 01:57:10,960
bright shiny
890
01:57:10,960 --> 01:57:19,800
it's not got a very nice smell it's a bit like burnt hair so do have the windows open
891
01:57:19,800 --> 01:57:31,160
or an extractor fan on
892
01:57:31,160 --> 01:57:36,460
and then we're ready to fire some of these I'm just going to refine it I think just to
893
01:57:36,460 --> 01:57:42,080
demonstrate that so let's just fill these in and then you I can show you how that works
894
01:57:42,080 --> 01:57:50,120
up at the kiln use the remaining gold as well because again you can't really put that back
895
01:57:50,120 --> 01:58:03,720
in the pot just a little border so the brush needs cleaning straight away but what I tend
896
01:58:03,720 --> 01:58:10,480
to do is not put the brush into the zest it because it will contaminate it I just put
897
01:58:10,480 --> 01:58:18,000
a bit of zest it on me on this kitchen towel and then wipe the brush on there until it
898
01:58:18,000 --> 01:58:33,080
comes clean it really does get into the brushwork I'll just repeat that and that's coming clean
899
01:58:33,080 --> 01:58:47,680
now that's good it pops back on
900
01:58:47,680 --> 01:58:54,200
and then we'll go over to the kiln to fire this and I'm taking this Graffito tool but
901
01:58:54,200 --> 01:59:01,140
because that's wood it's going to actually catch fire when this is too hot so I'm going
902
01:59:01,140 --> 01:59:07,660
to take this stylus it's quite a sharp point but I can demonstrate the effect of working
903
01:59:07,660 --> 01:59:14,840
into the gold semi-fired so off this comes and we're going to the kiln so here's the
904
01:59:14,840 --> 01:59:20,800
plaque on titanium mesh because I want to be able to take it off quickly and put it
905
01:59:20,800 --> 01:59:29,920
on there to work the gold work so I'm going to present it here and just warm it so it's
906
01:59:29,920 --> 01:59:46,320
not a big shock and then place it at the back of the kiln carefully and then shut the door
907
01:59:46,320 --> 01:59:52,680
just to conserve the heat and to a certain extent you can look through the window to
908
01:59:52,680 --> 01:59:59,360
see that gold come up shiny because as soon as it brightens that's when you take it out
909
01:59:59,360 --> 02:00:10,800
it darkens first and then it goes shiny so let's have a look now
910
02:00:10,800 --> 02:00:18,840
would be more like 700 but it's best to check that's in between it's gone really black but
911
02:00:18,840 --> 02:00:25,360
actually interestingly the bit at the back where it's hottest has already changed and
912
02:00:25,360 --> 02:00:36,280
that's gone to the glossy gold and we'll just turn it around just to fire the other end
913
02:00:36,280 --> 02:01:00,720
where it's hottest for about 30 seconds I imagine
914
02:01:00,720 --> 02:01:12,360
I'll take that out now there it's come up shiny we'll just let the kiln warm up again for
915
02:01:12,360 --> 02:01:18,200
the final fixing of the gold but at the moment it's just sitting on the surface and you could
916
02:01:18,200 --> 02:01:23,920
scratch that off I don't think it's even caught on the titanium mesh because it hasn't reached
917
02:01:23,920 --> 02:01:28,760
that temperature but I'm going to put it on there for support and it will cool it a little
918
02:01:28,760 --> 02:01:43,480
bit bring it around here and then with this tool start to scratch into it and you can
919
02:01:43,480 --> 02:01:51,920
see the blue background coming already I'm scratching back Scraffito going through the
920
02:01:51,920 --> 02:02:01,480
gold layer and back to the blue I'm just doing it roughly but you could make any sort of
921
02:02:01,480 --> 02:02:09,200
crisscross pattern you wanted at this stage and you can also refine the lines that you've
922
02:02:09,200 --> 02:02:21,720
made just make that bit more curved get rid of any telltale bits sign your initials in
923
02:02:21,720 --> 02:02:42,160
the last one perhaps that's a bit too fine actually do your crisscross
924
02:02:42,160 --> 02:02:48,080
whatever you like just to refine that gold pattern and then have a look at the other
925
02:02:48,080 --> 02:02:58,760
end check you're happy with that and again just tidy up anything you like I could spend
926
02:02:58,760 --> 02:03:05,220
a long time on this but I think we're going to just fix it now and it's sitting on this
927
02:03:05,220 --> 02:03:12,320
it's cooled down so we'll just put it on the titanium mesh for a good firing and put it
928
02:03:12,320 --> 02:03:20,000
this way around this time so if you're firing multiple firings it's quite good to remember
929
02:03:20,000 --> 02:03:26,440
which way around you put it the previous time and then turn it so that that bit gets the
930
02:03:26,440 --> 02:03:39,560
the hottest part of the kiln there we are and this time it's 750 or 1382 which is the
931
02:03:39,560 --> 02:03:45,760
maximum to fix the gold if you go on further than that the gold is going to burn out and
932
02:03:45,760 --> 02:03:50,680
you're going to have to start again you can put gold over gold because it's opaque and
933
02:03:50,680 --> 02:03:57,480
it covers it but you wouldn't get the scruffy toe lines below necessarily so we'll just
934
02:03:57,480 --> 02:04:04,380
wait for that to build up and this is the method I've used for miniatures when I've
935
02:04:04,380 --> 02:04:11,920
painted jewelry on a figure and I've refined the lines and then fully fired it and then
936
02:04:11,920 --> 02:04:19,240
when you put a flux very very thinly ground flux over the top it actually brings up a
937
02:04:19,240 --> 02:04:27,120
sparkle in the gold a bit like tinsel and that's a lovely effect because when you photograph
938
02:04:27,120 --> 02:04:33,440
gold it looks black it's very strange by eye you're looking at it this way and that and
939
02:04:33,440 --> 02:04:39,960
you see the gold shine but when you're actually photographing something precious metals they're
940
02:04:39,960 --> 02:04:48,360
terrible for photographing so I find that when I put finely ground flux just a few grains
941
02:04:48,360 --> 02:04:54,120
maybe just one grain thick over the top of this gold it just lifts it and it's the grains
942
02:04:54,120 --> 02:05:08,640
that are catching the light and make the gold sparkle so it's taking a while to creep up
943
02:05:08,640 --> 02:05:15,560
but it's only when it reaches 750 that it's fully fired and in the ceramics industry it's
944
02:05:15,560 --> 02:05:23,700
the gold that's the last firing and same with enamelling really we're also firing the blue
945
02:05:23,700 --> 02:05:31,960
and that fires at 750 the great black rather so that's a two in one so when you're planning
946
02:05:31,960 --> 02:05:38,760
your firings you can think how many of the particular processes that you're using can
947
02:05:38,760 --> 02:05:47,480
be done in one firing because the fewer firings the better more firings is going to put the
948
02:05:47,480 --> 02:06:04,920
piece under stress more often
949
02:06:04,920 --> 02:06:19,480
and put the blue specks on no point looking at the infrared
950
02:06:19,480 --> 02:06:28,640
and it's ready to come out and I've got the wrong instrument it should be the fork so
951
02:06:28,640 --> 02:06:37,040
bring that out door and just lay it on there to cool down you can see it's stuck to the
952
02:06:37,040 --> 02:06:47,760
titanium mesh but just leave it for a minute or so and it should pull away naturally again
953
02:06:47,760 --> 02:06:52,360
if you take it away now it's going to leave some enamel on the titanium mesh make a mess
954
02:06:52,360 --> 02:07:01,000
of it the only thing that would scratch away the gold now is a diamond point so that could
955
02:07:01,000 --> 02:07:07,140
be used but it will tear the enamel as well and that means that it's prone to any sort
956
02:07:07,140 --> 02:07:13,480
of impurities going into it so it's best to have a glossy enamel sometimes there's
957
02:07:13,480 --> 02:07:19,840
a little ping there just heard which means it's released and we'll just knock that away
958
02:07:19,840 --> 02:07:29,400
and put it on the steel block to cool fast so because the gold's at an angle you can
959
02:07:29,400 --> 02:07:40,180
see it but if you stand right over it it's rather black so that completes this this little
960
02:07:40,180 --> 02:07:48,320
plaque just to show you six or seven techniques to then apply to your own designs and wish
961
02:07:48,320 --> 02:07:51,920
you well and look forward to seeing what you do see you for part two
962
02:07:51,920 --> 02:07:52,420
[Music]
963
02:07:52,420 --> 02:07:52,920
[Music]
964
02:07:54,920 --> 02:07:55,000
you
121860
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