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(dramatic music)
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(wind blowing)
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- [Narrator] Who is this figure
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sneaking into the Palace of
the Gods on Mount Olympus?
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(footsteps scraping)
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An intruder, here?
(fire hisses)
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Impossible, how dare he enter?
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Why has this mysterious figure
stolen fire from the gods?
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Does he not realize that a
terrible punishment awaits him?
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(mysterious music)
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It all began a long, long time ago.
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Remember?
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At the dawn of time, there was Chaos.
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Then came Gaia, the Earth Mother.
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Gaia brought forth Uranus, the sky,
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and from their union were born the Titans,
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the Cyclopes, and the Hekatonkheires.
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Among the Titans was Japet.
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Japet chose a wife named Clymene.
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Together they had four children,
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Atlas, Menoetius, Epimetheus,
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and the key figure in
this story, Prometheus.
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(ominous music)
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Unlike his brother Epimetheus,
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whose name means hindsight,
or he who thinks last,
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the name Prometheus means forethought,
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or he who thinks first.
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This rare quality proved to
be of great value to him.
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When Zeus waged war
against his father Cronus
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in the battle for supreme power,
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the Titans formed an alliance against him.
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All of them?
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All except one, Prometheus.
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The one whose name is
synonymous with forethought.
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Prometheus predicted that
Zeus would emerge victorious
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from this conflict, so naturally,
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he offered his services to
the future king of Olympus,
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and he persuaded his brother
Epimetheus to do likewise.
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In the ensuing blaze, Prometheus
supplied the young Zeus
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with what he lacked, the strength,
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the wiles, and the cunning
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that the generation of
Titans had in abundance.
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Thus began the terrible war
known as the Titanomachy.
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(suspenseful music)
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As predicted by
Prometheus, Zeus prevailed.
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The world then entered a
period of relative peace.
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No more battles,
(soft eerie music)
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shows of prowess, and remarkable feats.
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Henceforth, the days succeeded one another
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in much the same way.
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And in this too-perfect
peace, the gods became bored.
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No more war, nobody to make happy
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nor to make suffer, nothing.
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So, bored, Zeus turned
to his son Hephaestus,
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the god of blacksmiths,
the one who forged weapons,
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and assigned them to
the deities of Olympus.
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Zeus asked him to make
something different,
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something other than all
these pointless objects.
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Something special, something unique,
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something that could distract the gods.
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Hephaestus pondered.
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Special, unique, easy
enough to say, but what?
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Hephaestus thought long and
hard and came up with an idea.
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He summoned to his workshop
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the dozen main gods who lived on Olympus,
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and explained to them
what he wanted from them.
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He wanted them to merge earth
(fire hissing)
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and fire, and any other
substances that could be combined.
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With these primordial elements,
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they would fashion living beings.
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Some would have fins, legs, and shells.
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These would be called animals.
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(rock cracking and rumbling)
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Others would be just like the gods.
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These would be called men.
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And they would only be males.
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This would now prevent the
gods from becoming bored.
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(majestic classical music)
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Everything was ready.
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It remained only to decide which qualities
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would be attributed to
animals, and to men.
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Zeus assigned the task to the Titans
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Prometheus and Epimetheus.
(eerie music)
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Epimetheus was full of enthusiasm.
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He pleaded with his brother to allow him
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to take care of distribution.
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And Prometheus, although
known for his foresight,
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was foolish enough to accept.
(metal clanging)
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Epimetheus got to work.
(rumbling and cracking)
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He endowed some with
strength, others with speed.
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He gave some a coat of
hair to protect them
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from bad weather,
(thunderous footsteps)
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while giving others hooves,
or even a heavy hide.
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Once his work was done,
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he stood up and rubbed his hands together.
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But what about the men?
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In his eagerness,
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Epimetheus had completely
forgotten about men.
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(suspenseful music)
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Look, here they are in front of him.
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Naked, destitute, vulnerable.
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Worse still, having
squandered all the resources
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granted to him by Zeus,
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Epimetheus had no way of making
amends for his oversight.
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Prometheus decided to go in search of Zeus
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to beg a favor of him.
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He wanted men to have the means
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to protect themselves
from ferocious animals,
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and perhaps even a way to cook their food.
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They should be given fire.
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Zeus agreed.
(thundering and crashing)
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He struck the ground
with a lightning bolt,
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and fire swept through the treetops.
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Men would only have to
climb them to collect it.
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(soft majestic music)
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(fire crackling)
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This was the Golden Age.
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Men led peaceful lives,
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and it was a rather happy existence,
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as there was no such thing as work,
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or, for that matter, seasons or diseases.
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Wheat grew naturally,
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with no need for sewing or cultivation.
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Men and gods would meet
up for sumptuous banquets.
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Life went by in a trouble-free existence.
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It could've been paradise.
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(suspenseful music)
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Just one thing separated humans from gods,
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and that was immortality.
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But during this period,
men did not really die.
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(mysterious classical music)
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When their time came, without
any tiredness or suffering,
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they would quietly fall asleep.
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Hypnos, the god of sleep,
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then took them into the green valleys
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of the underground world,
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to a place known as the Elysian Fields.
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But then one day, Zeus tired
of sharing his life with humans
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on an equal footing, of sharing
the same table with them.
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Of watching them join
in the same assemblies.
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He decided it was time
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that men were put in their place.
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It was time to bring a little order
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to the world.
(lightning sizzling)
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Zeus at the summit,
the gods a notch below,
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(thunder crackling)
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with men further down at the bottom.
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(dramatic music)
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(wind blowing)
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So Zeus organized a big festival
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in the vast plains of Mecone,
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where he brought men and gods together.
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He ordered a large ox to be slain
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and divided into two parts.
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The best part, of course,
would go to the gods,
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while the rest was for men.
(soft footsteps)
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And it is on these words, the best part,
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that the fate of humanity
would be played out.
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(ominous music)
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All the gods approved of Zeus's
decision except Prometheus.
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Prometheus did not like these new rules.
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He especially feared that the
benefits he had accorded men
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would be taken away from them.
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Zeus charged him with
making the sacrifice,
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and dividing up the ox.
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Prometheus was eager to accept,
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for he had resolved to deceive Zeus.
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Prometheus sacrificed the animal.
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(metal slicing)
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He began by stripping it
entirely of its flesh.
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Then he gathered together all
the bones, only the bones,
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and covered them with an
appetizing coat of fat.
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Taken as a whole, then,
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the pile had a very tempting appearance.
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Here was the first part.
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It was inedible, but
appeared to be the best.
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00:11:30,670 --> 00:11:33,310
Then Prometheus collected
together all the meat,
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00:11:33,310 --> 00:11:35,840
everything that was good and edible,
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but he hid it beneath a pile
of bones and thick skin.
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00:11:42,380 --> 00:11:45,243
This second part looked most unappetizing.
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Prometheus then showed
the two piles to Zeus,
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whose choice would decide the
boundary between men and gods.
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Zeus, of course, chose
the part that, to him,
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seemed the most appealing.
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The one that Prometheus had covered
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in an appetizing layer of fat.
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But on discovering that
it consisted only of bare,
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inedible bones, he went
into a fit of rage.
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(metal and thunder crashing)
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Thus, men, the protegees
of the deceitful Prometheus
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would be made to pay.
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(somber classical music)
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(wind blowing)
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Zeus first decided to
hide from them the wheat,
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which thus far had grown freely,
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needing to be neither sown,
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nor cultivated.
(fire hissing)
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Humans would henceforth need to work
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in order to feed
themselves and to survive.
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(suspenseful music)
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Then the Lord of Olympus confiscated fire.
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The punishment was a terrible one.
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00:13:03,370 --> 00:13:07,410
Without fire, it was
impossible to cook food to eat,
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impossible to have light
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when the nighttime enveloped the earth,
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00:13:10,950 --> 00:13:14,980
impossible to produce warmth
during the cold winter days,
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00:13:14,980 --> 00:13:18,530
and impossible too, to
fight off ferocious animals.
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00:13:18,530 --> 00:13:21,238
(large animal roaring)
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00:13:21,238 --> 00:13:24,040
(thunder rumbling)
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00:13:24,040 --> 00:13:26,203
Prometheus hurried to Athena.
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00:13:27,590 --> 00:13:30,450
Athena was the great Olympian goddess.
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00:13:30,450 --> 00:13:33,060
She was also the daughter of Zeus.
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She was fond of Prometheus.
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To her, he pleaded the case of men,
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punished for a wrong
that was not their doing.
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00:13:41,066 --> 00:13:42,540
(metal clinking)
The goddess was obviously
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moved by Prometheus' words, so much so,
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00:13:45,770 --> 00:13:46,950
that when he pleaded with her
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00:13:46,950 --> 00:13:49,770
to be allowed to slip
unnoticed into Olympus,
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00:13:49,770 --> 00:13:51,453
(metal clinks)
she acquiesced.
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00:13:52,781 --> 00:13:57,781
(eerie music)
(clothing rustling)
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It was Prometheus then,
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whom we saw stealing as
inconspicuously as possible
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00:14:07,300 --> 00:14:09,263
into the land of the gods.
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00:14:10,620 --> 00:14:13,240
And it was he who took one of the embers
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00:14:13,240 --> 00:14:15,170
from the sacred fire of Olympus
227
00:14:15,170 --> 00:14:18,003
and hid it in a hollow fennel stalk.
228
00:14:18,890 --> 00:14:23,083
And he, Prometheus, who
then gave fire to man.
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00:14:24,707 --> 00:14:27,180
(dramatic music)
230
00:14:27,180 --> 00:14:29,520
This new challenge to the king of Olympus
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00:14:29,520 --> 00:14:31,203
could not go unpunished.
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Zeus vowed to make Prometheus pay.
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00:14:40,184 --> 00:14:43,351
(lightning crackling)
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00:14:52,270 --> 00:14:54,883
Once again, he summoned
his son, Hephaestus.
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00:14:56,014 --> 00:14:58,763
Hephaestus and the gods
had created only males.
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00:15:00,550 --> 00:15:03,043
Zeus ordered him to forge a woman.
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00:15:05,170 --> 00:15:07,670
A woman made from the earth,
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00:15:07,670 --> 00:15:10,003
a woman in the image of the goddesses.
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Not only should she be fabulous
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and boast breathtaking beauty,
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00:15:15,180 --> 00:15:17,400
she had also to be endowed with qualities
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of every type.
(fabric whooshing)
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00:15:19,590 --> 00:15:22,780
Aphrodite conferred upon her grace.
244
00:15:22,780 --> 00:15:25,890
Athena dressed her in the
most beautiful clothes.
245
00:15:25,890 --> 00:15:28,703
The Horae garlanded her with flowers.
246
00:15:29,660 --> 00:15:32,960
The Charites adorned her with necklaces,
247
00:15:32,960 --> 00:15:35,690
and then Hermes, on orders from Zeus,
248
00:15:35,690 --> 00:15:39,330
gave her a shameful
mind, a deceitful nature,
249
00:15:39,330 --> 00:15:41,760
an insatiable appetite for sex,
250
00:15:41,760 --> 00:15:44,783
and, most importantly, curiosity.
251
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(stately classical music)
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00:15:55,320 --> 00:15:57,523
She was given the name Pandora.
253
00:16:01,490 --> 00:16:03,823
Pandora, meaning all-gifted.
254
00:16:08,240 --> 00:16:10,763
The wondrous femme fatale was now ready.
255
00:16:14,950 --> 00:16:16,883
Zeus breathed life into her.
256
00:16:18,290 --> 00:16:20,850
Pandora, then, was the first woman,
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the forebear of all women.
258
00:16:35,554 --> 00:16:37,570
But most of all, Pandora was the fire
259
00:16:37,570 --> 00:16:39,620
that Zeus would introduce into men
260
00:16:39,620 --> 00:16:41,913
without his needing to light the flame.
261
00:16:43,260 --> 00:16:46,070
A thievish fire, reflecting the fire
262
00:16:46,070 --> 00:16:49,300
stolen by Prometheus.
(soft suspenseful music)
263
00:16:49,300 --> 00:16:53,083
Now, she just had to be
slipped into the bed of a man.
264
00:16:53,920 --> 00:16:55,800
But not just any man.
265
00:16:55,800 --> 00:16:58,250
One who thinks after the event.
266
00:16:58,250 --> 00:17:01,230
It would have to be Epimetheus.
267
00:17:01,230 --> 00:17:04,020
He who realized when it was too late.
268
00:17:04,020 --> 00:17:05,923
He who was most like us.
269
00:17:06,870 --> 00:17:08,770
He who kept on making plans,
270
00:17:08,770 --> 00:17:10,220
even though the course of events
271
00:17:10,220 --> 00:17:12,303
was contrary to his predictions.
272
00:17:15,090 --> 00:17:18,080
And if there's one thing
that makes the gods laugh,
273
00:17:18,080 --> 00:17:20,223
it's the schemes of men.
274
00:17:24,040 --> 00:17:25,683
Hermes then went to Epimetheus.
275
00:17:26,870 --> 00:17:29,123
He presented him with
the sublime creature.
276
00:17:30,530 --> 00:17:32,540
Epimetheus hesitated.
277
00:17:32,540 --> 00:17:34,570
His brother, Prometheus, had implored him
278
00:17:34,570 --> 00:17:37,133
to refuse any gifts from Zeus.
279
00:17:38,800 --> 00:17:42,230
Because unlike his brother,
Prometheus foresaw.
280
00:17:42,230 --> 00:17:45,730
He had the ability to
envisage and predict,
281
00:17:45,730 --> 00:17:48,450
but dazzled by Pandora's beauty,
282
00:17:48,450 --> 00:17:52,233
poor Epimetheus welcomed
her with open arms.
283
00:17:56,620 --> 00:17:59,070
But there was another important thing.
284
00:17:59,070 --> 00:18:03,630
Before sending Pandora to
Earth, Zeus gave her a box.
285
00:18:03,630 --> 00:18:07,720
A magnificent box embellished
with stunning adornments.
286
00:18:07,720 --> 00:18:10,320
Into this box, every god had slipped
287
00:18:10,320 --> 00:18:13,940
something harmful and destructive.
288
00:18:13,940 --> 00:18:17,530
The box, then, contained
all the woes of the world.
289
00:18:17,530 --> 00:18:21,690
Hunger, thirst, disease, death.
290
00:18:21,690 --> 00:18:25,330
Zeus, of course, had cautioned
Pandora to never open the box
291
00:18:25,330 --> 00:18:27,750
under any circumstances,
292
00:18:27,750 --> 00:18:32,033
which was all he needed to
say to arouse her curiosity.
293
00:18:34,750 --> 00:18:37,840
On her wedding night, after
her marriage to Epimetheus,
294
00:18:37,840 --> 00:18:40,720
no longer able to resist
the compelling temptation
295
00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:42,980
of discovering what was in the box,
296
00:18:42,980 --> 00:18:47,237
Pandora slipped out of bed,
and she lifted the lid.
297
00:18:47,237 --> 00:18:49,820
(wind roaring)
298
00:18:51,760 --> 00:18:55,463
Out flew all the misfortunes
and miseries of the world.
299
00:18:56,350 --> 00:18:58,370
All the awful things that would afflict
300
00:18:58,370 --> 00:19:01,730
the lives of human beings
'til the end of time.
301
00:19:01,730 --> 00:19:05,230
Zeus had made these woes
invisible and silent,
302
00:19:05,230 --> 00:19:07,780
so that they could
strike men at any moment,
303
00:19:07,780 --> 00:19:10,083
leaving them no time to fend them off.
304
00:19:12,930 --> 00:19:15,040
To make matters worse,
305
00:19:15,040 --> 00:19:17,590
this malevolence mingled with the kindness
306
00:19:17,590 --> 00:19:20,290
that the gods had poured
on men previously,
307
00:19:20,290 --> 00:19:24,765
making it impossible for it to
be recognized or identified.
308
00:19:24,765 --> 00:19:27,210
(eerie music)
309
00:19:27,210 --> 00:19:31,840
Aghast, Pandora immediately
slammed shut the lid of the box,
310
00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:33,663
but it was too late.
311
00:19:36,770 --> 00:19:38,450
Prometheus had deceived Zeus
312
00:19:38,450 --> 00:19:41,440
by making something seem
other than what it was.
313
00:19:41,440 --> 00:19:43,690
The bare bones covered in fat,
314
00:19:43,690 --> 00:19:46,703
the stolen fire hidden in a fennel stem.
315
00:19:47,540 --> 00:19:50,980
And now, Pandora was the
king of the gods' retort
316
00:19:50,980 --> 00:19:52,073
to this reversal.
317
00:19:57,340 --> 00:19:59,980
Beneath the captivating charms of Pandora,
318
00:19:59,980 --> 00:20:02,933
he had hidden the direst of scourges.
319
00:20:08,970 --> 00:20:11,680
From now on, forever
separated from the gods,
320
00:20:11,680 --> 00:20:14,940
man would have to plant a
seed in the belly of a woman,
321
00:20:14,940 --> 00:20:17,130
if he wished to reproduce,
322
00:20:17,130 --> 00:20:19,780
just as he would have to
plant a seed in the earth,
323
00:20:19,780 --> 00:20:21,073
if he wanted to eat.
324
00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:28,483
Good and evil, forever combined.
325
00:20:32,090 --> 00:20:34,330
But all was not lost.
326
00:20:34,330 --> 00:20:36,270
For something remained locked away
327
00:20:36,270 --> 00:20:38,580
at the bottom of Pandora's box.
328
00:20:38,580 --> 00:20:40,690
Something that did not have time to escape
329
00:20:40,690 --> 00:20:43,586
before Pandora slammed shut the lid.
330
00:20:43,586 --> 00:20:46,200
(voices whispering eerily)
331
00:20:46,200 --> 00:20:49,260
It had been slipped in
surreptitiously by Hermes
332
00:20:49,260 --> 00:20:51,180
without the knowledge of Zeus,
333
00:20:51,180 --> 00:20:55,213
and he had called it elpis, meaning hope.
334
00:20:55,213 --> 00:20:57,880
(ominous music)
335
00:21:08,260 --> 00:21:10,300
Thus, in the worst tragedies,
336
00:21:10,300 --> 00:21:14,103
humanity could continue
to believe and to hope.
337
00:21:20,750 --> 00:21:23,110
Zeus had punished the mortals.
338
00:21:23,110 --> 00:21:25,263
Now he had to punish their benefactor,
339
00:21:26,470 --> 00:21:29,790
and he would do so in
the cruelest of ways.
340
00:21:29,790 --> 00:21:32,093
Zeus wanted to make an example of him.
341
00:21:38,940 --> 00:21:41,920
He put Prometheus in chains on a rock,
342
00:21:41,920 --> 00:21:44,270
somewhere on the summit of the Caucasus,
343
00:21:44,270 --> 00:21:46,883
between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
344
00:21:47,900 --> 00:21:50,673
He then ordered an eagle
to devour his liver.
345
00:21:52,840 --> 00:21:55,150
The liver symbolized the prime cut
346
00:21:55,150 --> 00:21:57,943
that Prometheus had
wanted to keep for men.
347
00:22:08,220 --> 00:22:11,553
Every day, the eagle devoured
the liver of Prometheus.
348
00:22:13,011 --> 00:22:16,718
(wind blowing)
(wind chimes jangling)
349
00:22:16,718 --> 00:22:18,910
And to make the suffering
even more terrible,
350
00:22:18,910 --> 00:22:21,670
every night while
Prometheus was agonizing,
351
00:22:21,670 --> 00:22:24,370
the liver would regenerate.
352
00:22:24,370 --> 00:22:27,683
In this way, his suffering
would last for eternity.
353
00:22:43,500 --> 00:22:46,580
Prometheus accepted the sentence of Zeus.
354
00:22:46,580 --> 00:22:48,860
Instead of moaning,
instead of complaining,
355
00:22:48,860 --> 00:22:51,760
he continued to defy his torturer.
356
00:22:51,760 --> 00:22:55,921
Because in truth, Prometheus
had secret knowledge.
357
00:22:55,921 --> 00:22:58,921
(suspenseful music)
358
00:23:04,210 --> 00:23:07,363
knowledge that would one
day lead to Zeus' downfall.
359
00:23:09,380 --> 00:23:10,633
Zeus knew this.
360
00:23:11,840 --> 00:23:14,210
It was also why he did not order the eagle
361
00:23:14,210 --> 00:23:15,810
to kill Prometheus.
362
00:23:15,810 --> 00:23:19,080
He hoped that one day,
Prometheus would acquiesce,
363
00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:21,103
and reveal to him this secret.
364
00:23:23,210 --> 00:23:26,373
But Prometheus, in
chains, remained silent.
365
00:23:35,640 --> 00:23:39,183
If Zeus wanted to know, he would
first have to set him free.
366
00:23:45,120 --> 00:23:47,293
Thousands of years went by.
367
00:23:55,150 --> 00:23:58,110
On Earth, gods, demigods,
368
00:23:58,110 --> 00:24:01,173
and even mere mortals
performed great feats.
369
00:24:02,030 --> 00:24:03,370
And in every case,
370
00:24:03,370 --> 00:24:06,463
Zeus managed to save his
throne whenever threatened.
371
00:24:07,370 --> 00:24:09,340
But he simply had to find out
372
00:24:09,340 --> 00:24:11,340
what the secret about him was,
373
00:24:11,340 --> 00:24:13,813
that Prometheus refused to reveal.
374
00:24:15,222 --> 00:24:16,160
(eagle screeches)
375
00:24:16,160 --> 00:24:18,913
Eventually, the Master of Olympus yielded.
376
00:24:19,870 --> 00:24:22,440
He sent the most powerful
of his mortal sons
377
00:24:22,440 --> 00:24:24,890
to set Prometheus free.
378
00:24:24,890 --> 00:24:26,950
Heracles killed the eagle with an arrow
379
00:24:26,950 --> 00:24:28,410
straight through the heart,
(eagle screeching)
380
00:24:28,410 --> 00:24:33,410
and broke Prometheus' chains.
(metal clinking)
381
00:24:33,880 --> 00:24:37,240
The Titan, thus liberated,
honored his promise
382
00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:39,653
and revealed his secret to Zeus.
383
00:24:41,230 --> 00:24:44,260
His secret was that if
Zeus were to wed Thetis,
384
00:24:44,260 --> 00:24:47,110
the sea nymph with whom
he was so besotted,
385
00:24:47,110 --> 00:24:48,960
then he would bring into the world
386
00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:53,173
a son more powerful than his
father, who would dethrone him.
387
00:24:59,410 --> 00:25:02,853
Zeus immediately ended
his courting of Thetis,
388
00:25:03,780 --> 00:25:06,423
and married her off to a mortal.
389
00:25:11,860 --> 00:25:15,530
Prometheus, though, was
the god who protected men.
390
00:25:15,530 --> 00:25:18,223
He was also a figure of
rebellion and revolt.
391
00:25:19,290 --> 00:25:21,610
Someone who tells us
that to challenge power
392
00:25:21,610 --> 00:25:26,210
is honorable and, on
occasion, even necessary.
393
00:25:26,210 --> 00:25:27,900
But he also tells us
394
00:25:27,900 --> 00:25:31,423
that determining order
itself is a mistake.
395
00:25:32,820 --> 00:25:35,310
Despite his great foresight,
396
00:25:35,310 --> 00:25:37,593
it is a notion that
had escaped Prometheus.
397
00:25:42,810 --> 00:25:46,227
(lively classical music)
30534
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