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Narrator:
A PERPLEXING AND BRUTAL
INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX...
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00:00:06,833 --> 00:00:11,600
IT'S ONE OF THE MOST
CLAUSTROPHOBIC PLACES ON EARTH.
3
00:00:11,600 --> 00:00:15,333
Narrator:
...A HEAVILY ARMED GIANT
RUSTING AWAY UNDERWATER...
4
00:00:15,333 --> 00:00:18,567
Bell:
THAT SHIFT IN TECHNOLOGY AND
THE AMOUNT OF ENGINEERING SKILL
5
00:00:18,567 --> 00:00:21,333
AND KNOWLEDGE THAT NEEDED TO BE
BROUGHT AND FOCUSED IN
6
00:00:21,333 --> 00:00:24,000
WAS PHENOMENAL.
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00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:25,767
Narrator: ...AND ONE OF
THE WORLD'S LARGEST
8
00:00:25,767 --> 00:00:29,133
AND MOST SECRETIVE WEAPONS
EVER CONSTRUCTED.
9
00:00:29,133 --> 00:00:30,000
IT'S ALMOST PRIMITIVE TECHNOLOGY
THAT'S JUST BEEN RAMPED UP
10
00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:31,000
IT'S ALMOST PRIMITIVE TECHNOLOGY
THAT'S JUST BEEN RAMPED UP
11
00:00:33,367 --> 00:00:35,867
TO AS BIG AS IT POSSIBLY CAN.
12
00:00:37,533 --> 00:00:40,067
Narrator: ONCE, THEY WERE SOME
OF THE MOST ADVANCED STRUCTURES
13
00:00:40,067 --> 00:00:42,967
AND FACILITIES ON THE PLANET,
14
00:00:42,967 --> 00:00:46,467
AT THE CUTTING EDGE
OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.
15
00:00:46,467 --> 00:00:50,667
TODAY, THEY STAND ABANDONED,
CONTAMINATED,
16
00:00:50,667 --> 00:00:52,467
AND SOMETIMES DEADLY.
17
00:00:53,900 --> 00:00:56,400
BUT WHO BUILT THEM?
AND HOW?
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00:00:56,400 --> 00:00:59,233
AND WHY WERE THEY ABANDONED?
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00:00:59,233 --> 00:01:00,000
-- Captions by VITAC --
www.vitac.com
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00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:01,000
-- Captions by VITAC --
www.vitac.com
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00:01:02,433 --> 00:01:05,633
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
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00:01:16,700 --> 00:01:18,300
*
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OUT IN THE REMOTE DESERTS
OF ARIZONA
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IS ONE OF THE U.S. ARMY'S
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00:01:21,900 --> 00:01:24,833
MOST IMPORTANT
SECRET RESEARCH SITES.
26
00:01:32,533 --> 00:01:34,133
STANDING IN THE WILDERNESS
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IS A MASSIVE
SINGLE-BARRELED GUN...
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...DOMINATING THE BARREN
LANDSCAPE AROUND IT.
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AT 100 FEET IN LENGTH, IT HAS
A HUGE 16-INCH-WIDE BARREL.
30
00:01:50,900 --> 00:01:55,400
ABLE TO SHOOT
WITH AN UNHEARD-OF 50,000 PSI...
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...IT'S DESIGNED TO FIRE
400-POUND PROJECTILES
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00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:00,900
...IT'S DESIGNED TO FIRE
400-POUND PROJECTILES
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00:02:00,900 --> 00:02:01,000
OVER 100 MILES.
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00:02:03,833 --> 00:02:08,633
BUT WHY WOULD ANYONE BUILD
SUCH A HUGE, POWERFUL GUN?
35
00:02:08,633 --> 00:02:10,967
AND WHY WAS IT ABANDONED?
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00:02:12,067 --> 00:02:16,567
Man:
5...4...3...2...1...
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ZERO.
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Narrator: IN 1961,
THE SPACE RACE IS IN FULL SWING.
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YURI GAGARIN GIVES THE SOVIETS
THE FIRST MAN IN SPACE,
40
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AND AMERICA RESPONDS
WITH THE MERCURY TEST ROCKETS
41
00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:30,100
AND AMERICA RESPONDS
WITH THE MERCURY TEST ROCKETS
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00:02:30,100 --> 00:02:31,000
AND THEN
THE APOLLO SPACE MISSIONS.
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00:02:36,867 --> 00:02:40,067
BUT AT A SECRET TEST FACILITY
IN YUMA, ARIZONA,
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00:02:40,067 --> 00:02:43,300
THE ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS
HAVE A CHALLENGE.
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00:02:45,067 --> 00:02:49,300
CAN THEY LAUNCH REGULAR
UNMANNED PROJECTILES INTO SPACE
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00:02:49,300 --> 00:02:51,567
AT A FRACTION OF NASA's COSTS?
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00:02:53,567 --> 00:02:55,833
I HAD ABSOLUTELY NO IDEA
48
00:02:55,833 --> 00:02:58,600
THAT SPACE TECHNOLOGY
WAS ANYTHING
49
00:02:58,600 --> 00:03:00,000
BUT THE CUTTING EDGE OF ROCKETS
SENT UP INTO SPACE,
50
00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:01,000
BUT THE CUTTING EDGE OF ROCKETS
SENT UP INTO SPACE,
51
00:03:03,500 --> 00:03:04,967
BUT APPARENTLY NOT.
52
00:03:04,967 --> 00:03:06,233
APPARENTLY, YOU CAN REVERT
53
00:03:06,233 --> 00:03:09,867
RIGHT BACK TO TECHNOLOGY
THAT IS CENTURIES OLD --
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00:03:09,867 --> 00:03:11,100
THE GUN.
55
00:03:11,100 --> 00:03:15,067
JUST GET A HUGE CHARGE
AND FIRE IT STRAIGHT UP.
56
00:03:17,333 --> 00:03:20,533
USING GUNS TO PUT SOMETHING
INTO ORBIT ISN'T A SILLY IDEA.
57
00:03:20,533 --> 00:03:23,133
IN FACT, IT'S QUITE
A CHEAP AND RELIABLE METHOD,
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00:03:23,133 --> 00:03:26,067
POTENTIALLY,
TO PUT SOMETHING INTO ORBIT.
59
00:03:26,067 --> 00:03:28,567
THESE WERE THE EARLY DAYS
OF THE SPACE ERA.
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00:03:28,567 --> 00:03:30,000
TECHNOLOGY WAS MOVING OUT
OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR
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00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:30,967
TECHNOLOGY WAS MOVING OUT
OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR
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00:03:30,967 --> 00:03:31,000
AND FINDING ITS USE
IN A COMPLETELY NEW FRONTIER,
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00:03:34,200 --> 00:03:36,967
AND YOU DON'T NECESSARILY KNOW
WHAT'S GOING TO WORK,
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00:03:36,967 --> 00:03:38,500
SO IT'S MUCH BETTER TO HAVE
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00:03:38,500 --> 00:03:40,700
THE TWO APPROACHES
FUNDED SIMULTANEOUSLY --
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YOUR ROCKETS AND YOUR BIG GUNS.
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Narrator:
THIS IS THE H.A.R.P. SUPER GUN,
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00:03:47,967 --> 00:03:50,167
AND ITS TARGET ISN'T ON EARTH.
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00:03:50,167 --> 00:03:53,067
IT'S THE EDGE OF OUR ATMOSPHERE.
70
00:03:53,067 --> 00:03:56,067
BUT WHY WOULD
THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE,
71
00:03:56,067 --> 00:03:57,667
WITH THE HELP OF CANADA,
72
00:03:57,667 --> 00:04:00,000
USE SUCH A HUGE GUN TO LAUNCH
A PROJECTILE INTO SPACE?
73
00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:01,000
USE SUCH A HUGE GUN TO LAUNCH
A PROJECTILE INTO SPACE?
74
00:04:06,233 --> 00:04:08,400
Archer: IF YOU WANT TO KNOW
CONDITIONS UP IN SPACE
75
00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:10,267
BEFORE YOU SEND
A VERY EXPENSIVE ROCKET,
76
00:04:10,267 --> 00:04:12,300
THEN YOU CAN FIRE
CHEAP SENSORS UP,
77
00:04:12,300 --> 00:04:14,400
FIND OUT A BIT ABOUT
WHAT IS GOING ON
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00:04:14,400 --> 00:04:17,367
DIRECTLY ABOVE WHERE YOU'RE
GOING TO FIRE THIS BIG ROCKET.
79
00:04:17,367 --> 00:04:21,267
THEN YOU'RE GOING TO GET SOME
REALLY VALUABLE DATA, SURELY.
80
00:04:21,267 --> 00:04:22,600
Gough: IT WAS A WIN-WIN.
81
00:04:22,600 --> 00:04:24,300
SURE, YOU'RE GOING TO GATHER
82
00:04:24,300 --> 00:04:26,400
ALL THIS INFORMATION
ABOUT THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE.
83
00:04:26,400 --> 00:04:27,800
GREAT.
84
00:04:27,800 --> 00:04:30,000
BUT YOU'RE ALSO GOING TO GAIN
A STRATEGIC MILITARY ADVANTAGE
85
00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:31,000
BUT YOU'RE ALSO GOING TO GAIN
A STRATEGIC MILITARY ADVANTAGE
86
00:04:31,300 --> 00:04:32,667
'CAUSE NOW YOU'RE GOING TO LEARN
ABOUT HOW YOU CAN
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00:04:32,667 --> 00:04:35,733
LAUNCH MISSILES ACROSS THE WORLD
AT YOUR ENEMY.
88
00:04:35,733 --> 00:04:39,667
SO THAT'S WHAT THEY WERE
REALLY INTERESTED IN.
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00:04:39,667 --> 00:04:42,167
Narrator: THE H.A.R.P. SUPER GUN
IS THE BRAINCHILD
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00:04:42,167 --> 00:04:44,633
OF A CANADIAN-AMERICAN
BALLISTICS EXPERT
91
00:04:44,633 --> 00:04:48,400
NAMED DR. GERALD BULL.
92
00:04:48,400 --> 00:04:55,200
HIS AIM IS TO MAKE GUN-FIRED,
LOW-COST SPACE FLIGHT A REALITY.
93
00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:59,333
BUT COULD HE MAKE
THIS AMBITIOUS PROJECT WORK?
94
00:04:59,333 --> 00:05:00,000
YOU LOOK AT WHAT HE WAS DOING --
VERY MUCH THE ENGINEER,
95
00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:01,000
YOU LOOK AT WHAT HE WAS DOING --
VERY MUCH THE ENGINEER,
96
00:05:02,167 --> 00:05:05,800
VERY MUCH THE SCIENTIST,
ALWAYS TESTING.
97
00:05:05,800 --> 00:05:08,400
WHEN HE BEGAN THINKING
OF GUN-LAUNCHED TECHNOLOGY
98
00:05:08,400 --> 00:05:10,433
FOR SUBORBITAL
OR ORBITAL LAUNCHES,
99
00:05:10,433 --> 00:05:11,733
THERE WERE A LOT OF PEOPLE
100
00:05:11,733 --> 00:05:13,900
THAT MADE JULES VERNE JOKES
ABOUT HIM.
101
00:05:13,900 --> 00:05:15,067
THERE WERE OTHERS THAT SAID,
102
00:05:15,067 --> 00:05:18,433
"WELL, EVEN IF YOU COULD
DO THAT, IT'S WORTHLESS
103
00:05:18,433 --> 00:05:21,167
UNLESS YOU HAVE SOME KIND
OF A TELEMETRY PACKAGE ON IT
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00:05:21,167 --> 00:05:22,867
TRANSMITTING DATA
BACK TO EARTH."
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00:05:24,633 --> 00:05:26,067
Green: HE HAD THIS IDEA
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00:05:26,067 --> 00:05:28,767
THAT SUPER GUNS WERE THE WAY
TO GET CHEAP ACCESS INTO SPACE,
107
00:05:28,767 --> 00:05:30,000
AND A HUGE AMOUNT WAS LEARNED
THROUGH THAT PROGRAM.
108
00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:31,000
AND A HUGE AMOUNT WAS LEARNED
THROUGH THAT PROGRAM.
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00:05:33,633 --> 00:05:37,533
Narrator:
THE TARGET FOR THE SUPER GUN
IS THE IONOSPHERE,
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00:05:37,533 --> 00:05:39,700
A LAYER
OF ELECTRICALLY CHARGED AIR
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00:05:39,700 --> 00:05:42,267
THAT LIES ON
THE EDGE OF THE ATMOSPHERE,
112
00:05:42,267 --> 00:05:44,367
40 MILES ABOVE THE EARTH.
113
00:05:46,367 --> 00:05:49,500
BUT TO REACH THAT HEIGHT,
CAN BULL AND HIS ENGINEERS
114
00:05:49,500 --> 00:05:52,533
CONSTRUCT THE MOST POWERFUL GUN
EVER BUILT?
115
00:05:55,367 --> 00:05:59,400
Shilders: PROGRAM PICKED UP
TWO 16-INCH NAVAL BARRELS
116
00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:00,000
ALMOST 69 FEET LONG,
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00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:01,000
ALMOST 69 FEET LONG,
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00:06:01,567 --> 00:06:04,700
AND ONE WAS 50 FOOT LONG,
APPROXIMATELY,
119
00:06:04,700 --> 00:06:06,133
AND THEY'RE WELDED IN THE CENTER
120
00:06:06,133 --> 00:06:08,900
AND BRACED WITH
A SUPERSTRUCTURE AROUND IT.
121
00:06:08,900 --> 00:06:11,467
WHERE THE BIG BOLTS ARE,
RIGHT BACK HERE TO THE REAR,
122
00:06:11,467 --> 00:06:14,867
THAT'S WHERE THE TWO PIECES
WERE JOINED TOGETHER AND WELDED.
123
00:06:14,867 --> 00:06:18,567
THEY BUILT THIS SUPERSTRUCTURE
TO STIFFEN,
124
00:06:18,567 --> 00:06:20,167
TO KEEP THEM FROM COMING APART,
125
00:06:20,167 --> 00:06:23,433
PLUS GIVE IT STRENGTH
WHEN YOU'RE UP VERTICAL
126
00:06:23,433 --> 00:06:24,933
'CAUSE WHEN YOU FIRE A GUN
LIKE THAT,
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00:06:24,933 --> 00:06:27,267
YOU MIGHT GET A LITTLE WHIP
AND THINGS LIKE THAT,
128
00:06:27,267 --> 00:06:29,333
AND YOU DEFINITELY
DON'T WANT ANY TUBE DROOP
129
00:06:29,333 --> 00:06:30,000
OR ANYTHING OF THAT NATURE.
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00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:30,733
OR ANYTHING OF THAT NATURE.
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00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:34,800
Narrator: AFTER MULTIPLE YEARS
OF DEVELOPMENT,
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00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:38,267
BULL AND HIS ENGINEERS FIRST
TEST THE H.A.R.P. SUPER GUN
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00:06:38,267 --> 00:06:41,567
ON THE ISLAND OF BARBADOS
IN THE CARIBBEAN
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00:06:41,567 --> 00:06:43,100
IN THE EARLY '60s.
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00:06:43,100 --> 00:06:45,533
POSITIONED JUST NORTH
OF THE EQUATOR,
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00:06:45,533 --> 00:06:49,367
IT ALLOWS PROJECTILES TO BE
LAUNCHED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE
137
00:06:49,367 --> 00:06:51,733
AND THEN RECOVERED FROM THE SEA.
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00:06:51,733 --> 00:06:55,300
THE SUPER GUN IS DESIGNED
TO FIRE UP INTO THE SKY
139
00:06:55,300 --> 00:06:58,467
AT AN ANGLE OF 85 DEGREES.
140
00:06:58,467 --> 00:07:00,000
BUT THE VELOCITY OF THE LAUNCH
HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT
141
00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:01,000
BUT THE VELOCITY OF THE LAUNCH
HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT
142
00:07:02,267 --> 00:07:04,167
ON THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITY.
143
00:07:06,167 --> 00:07:09,300
Marshal: THERE WERE MORE THAN
2,000 FIRINGS OF THIS GUN
144
00:07:09,300 --> 00:07:13,067
IN THE PERIOD FROM 1962
ONWARD INTO THE '70s.
145
00:07:13,067 --> 00:07:17,133
THAT IS QUITE A LOT
OF SONIC BOOM.
146
00:07:17,133 --> 00:07:18,900
AND IT WAS A HEAVY BOOM.
147
00:07:20,633 --> 00:07:23,500
BARBADIANS FELT THIS BOOM
FROM HERE
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00:07:23,500 --> 00:07:25,533
UP TO ALMOST
THE TOP OF THE ISLAND.
149
00:07:25,533 --> 00:07:28,667
THE REVERBERATIONS
WERE TERRIBLE.
150
00:07:28,667 --> 00:07:30,000
HOUSES WERE SHAKEN
TO THE FOUNDATIONS,
151
00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:31,000
HOUSES WERE SHAKEN
TO THE FOUNDATIONS,
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00:07:31,333 --> 00:07:34,467
AND QUITE A FEW CRACKS IN HOUSES
WERE REPORTED.
153
00:07:34,467 --> 00:07:36,100
BARBADIANS FELT GENERALLY
154
00:07:36,100 --> 00:07:39,367
THAT THIS WAS
ALL TO THE GOOD OF THE ISLAND.
155
00:07:39,367 --> 00:07:42,300
IT SEEMED AS THOUGH
IT WOULD PROJECT BARBADOS
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00:07:42,300 --> 00:07:46,333
INTO THE STRATOSPHERE
OF WORLD PRESTIGE.
157
00:07:49,300 --> 00:07:51,333
Narrator:
BUT THIS AMBITIOUS PROJECT
158
00:07:51,333 --> 00:07:55,700
HAS OTHER,
SIGNIFICANT DISADVANTAGES.
159
00:07:55,700 --> 00:07:57,767
AS WELL AS ADVANTAGES
OF USING A GIANT GUN,
160
00:07:57,767 --> 00:07:59,300
THERE ARE DRAWBACKS, AS WELL.
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00:07:59,300 --> 00:08:00,000
SO, TO GET SOMETHING
TO THE SPEED
162
00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:01,000
SO, TO GET SOMETHING
TO THE SPEED
163
00:08:01,433 --> 00:08:03,767
THAT YOU NEED TO GET IT
HIGH UP IN ALTITUDE,
164
00:08:03,767 --> 00:08:05,733
YOU HAVE TO ACCELERATE IT
VERY FAST,
165
00:08:05,733 --> 00:08:09,067
AND YOUR OBJECTS MAY NOT BE ABLE
TO WITHSTAND THE FORCES,
166
00:08:09,067 --> 00:08:11,100
THE G-FORCES,
THAT ARE EXPERIENCED,
167
00:08:11,100 --> 00:08:13,700
AND THEN THERE'S ALSO AN ISSUE
OF MASS, AS WELL,
168
00:08:13,700 --> 00:08:16,767
BECAUSE YOU CAN'T LAUNCH
PARTICULARLY HEAVY THINGS
169
00:08:16,767 --> 00:08:18,167
USING THIS KIND OF TECHNIQUE,
170
00:08:18,167 --> 00:08:22,067
SO YOU'RE LIMITED
TO SMALL OBJECTS.
171
00:08:22,067 --> 00:08:23,867
Narrator:
WILL THE H.A.R.P. SUPER GUN
172
00:08:23,867 --> 00:08:28,067
ACTUALLY SEND A SUCCESSFUL
PROJECTILE INTO SPACE?
173
00:08:28,067 --> 00:08:30,000
AND WHY WAS IT ABANDONED?
174
00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:30,567
AND WHY WAS IT ABANDONED?
175
00:08:32,933 --> 00:08:33,000
*
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00:08:39,100 --> 00:08:41,467
Narrator: IN THE BARREN DESERTS
OF ARIZONA,
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00:08:41,467 --> 00:08:43,833
THE SO-CALLED H.A.R.P. SUPER GUN
178
00:08:43,833 --> 00:08:48,833
IS AN UNEXPECTED MARVEL
OF AMERICAN SPACE ENGINEERING.
179
00:08:48,833 --> 00:08:50,867
BUILT IN 1961,
180
00:08:50,867 --> 00:08:54,800
THE SAME YEAR THE SOVIETS
GOT THE FIRST HUMAN INTO ORBIT,
181
00:08:54,800 --> 00:08:59,600
ITS AMBITIOUS AIM IS TO LAUNCH
NONMAN PAYLOADS INTO SPACE
182
00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:01,433
AT A FRACTION OF THE COST
183
00:09:01,433 --> 00:09:02,512
OF NASA's
MERCURY AND APOLLO PROGRAMS.
184
00:09:02,512 --> 00:09:03,000
OF NASA's
MERCURY AND APOLLO PROGRAMS.
185
00:09:07,400 --> 00:09:09,200
BUT HOW WILL THIS PROJECT
186
00:09:09,200 --> 00:09:11,200
ACTUALLY COLLECT
VITAL INFORMATION
187
00:09:11,200 --> 00:09:14,233
ON SPACE FLIGHT
AND THE IONOSPHERE?
188
00:09:14,233 --> 00:09:16,267
AND WILL IT ACTUALLY WORK?
189
00:09:18,333 --> 00:09:20,300
TO GET SOMETHING UP INTO SPACE,
190
00:09:20,300 --> 00:09:23,900
APPARENTLY, IT DOESN'T NEED
TO BE ROCKET SCIENCE.
191
00:09:23,900 --> 00:09:25,733
IT CAN BE
SO MUCH SIMPLER THAN THAT,
192
00:09:25,733 --> 00:09:28,267
AS WE SEE WITH THE H.A.R.P. GUN.
193
00:09:28,267 --> 00:09:31,067
IT'S ALMOST PRIMITIVE TECHNOLOGY
194
00:09:31,067 --> 00:09:32,512
THAT'S JUST BEEN RAMPED UP
TO AS BIG AS IT POSSIBLY CAN
195
00:09:32,512 --> 00:09:33,000
THAT'S JUST BEEN RAMPED UP
TO AS BIG AS IT POSSIBLY CAN
196
00:09:34,767 --> 00:09:39,767
TO FIRE A PROJECTILE
111 MILES STRAIGHT UP.
197
00:09:40,900 --> 00:09:46,100
Narrator:
THE PROJECTILE IN QUESTION
IS SOMETHING CALLED A MARTLET,
198
00:09:46,100 --> 00:09:48,800
A REVOLUTIONARY
DART-SHAPED MISSILE
199
00:09:48,800 --> 00:09:51,133
THAT IS ENCASED
IN THE FIRING TUBE
200
00:09:51,133 --> 00:09:55,633
WITH A TIGHT WOODEN RING
CALLED THE SABOT.
201
00:09:55,633 --> 00:09:57,533
Hadner: THE MARTLET
WAS AN AERODYNAMIC SHAPE.
202
00:09:57,533 --> 00:10:00,033
THINK OF IT
AS A LARGE DART WITH FINS.
203
00:10:00,033 --> 00:10:01,633
SO, THE IDEA OF THE SABOT
204
00:10:01,633 --> 00:10:02,512
IS TO FILL THE VOID
OF THE CYLINDER OF THE TUBE.
205
00:10:02,512 --> 00:10:03,000
IS TO FILL THE VOID
OF THE CYLINDER OF THE TUBE.
206
00:10:04,567 --> 00:10:08,233
IN THIS CASE, THEY USED PLYWOOD,
EACH THIRD CALLED A PEDAL,
207
00:10:08,233 --> 00:10:11,867
AND THE GASES WOULD THEN EXERT,
PUSH THIS THING OUT THE BARREL.
208
00:10:11,867 --> 00:10:14,167
THEN THE PEDALS WOULD FALL AWAY,
209
00:10:14,167 --> 00:10:16,800
AND YOU WOULD THEN HAVE
THIS VERY AERODYNAMIC SHAPE
210
00:10:16,800 --> 00:10:20,000
WITH, WITHIN THE NOSE CONE,
A TELEMETRY PACKAGE,
211
00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:23,767
AND IN THE AFT END, THE ABILITY
TO EJECT CERTAIN MATERIALS,
212
00:10:23,767 --> 00:10:26,233
DEPENDING ON WHAT YOUR TEST WAS.
213
00:10:26,233 --> 00:10:28,733
THERE IS SOME DETAILED
ENGINEERING GOING ON HERE,
214
00:10:28,733 --> 00:10:31,700
BUT WHAT I LOVE ABOUT IT IS,
IT'S PRIMITIVE TECHNOLOGY
215
00:10:31,700 --> 00:10:32,512
WITH MODERN ENGINEERING
APPLIED TO IT
216
00:10:32,512 --> 00:10:33,000
WITH MODERN ENGINEERING
APPLIED TO IT
217
00:10:34,433 --> 00:10:37,667
TO ACHIEVE SOMETHING
THAT'S RECORD-BREAKING --
218
00:10:37,667 --> 00:10:40,567
FIRING THAT PROJECTILE
THAT HIGH UP.
219
00:10:43,600 --> 00:10:45,767
Narrator: HUGE AMOUNTS
OF PROPELLANT ARE NEEDED
220
00:10:45,767 --> 00:10:47,200
TO BLAST THE MARTLETS
221
00:10:47,200 --> 00:10:52,000
HIGHER INTO THE IONOSPHERE
THAN EVER BEFORE.
222
00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:54,867
EVERY FIRING
GENERATES COLOSSAL FORCES
223
00:10:54,867 --> 00:10:56,933
WITHIN THE SUPER GUN ITSELF,
224
00:10:56,933 --> 00:11:00,900
AND WITH THAT
COMES REAL DANGERS.
225
00:11:00,900 --> 00:11:02,512
YOU CAN SEE THE MASSIVE SIZE
OF THIS BREACH
226
00:11:02,512 --> 00:11:02,800
YOU CAN SEE THE MASSIVE SIZE
OF THIS BREACH
227
00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:03,000
IN THE INTERRUPTED SCREW DESIGN
THAT WOULD ALLOW IT TO LOCK IN.
228
00:11:05,800 --> 00:11:06,833
THERE'S JUST THE LENGTH OF IT.
229
00:11:06,833 --> 00:11:09,433
IT JUST SHOWS YOU
THE MASS OF THIS BREACH
230
00:11:09,433 --> 00:11:11,167
TO BE ABLE TO HANDLE
THOSE CHARGES AND PRESSURES
231
00:11:11,167 --> 00:11:12,767
THAT THEY'RE FIRING.
232
00:11:12,767 --> 00:11:17,067
THEY WERE LOOKING AT PRESSURES
PSI AROUND 50,000, I THINK,
233
00:11:17,067 --> 00:11:19,467
WITH SOME OF THE TESTING.
234
00:11:19,467 --> 00:11:21,600
YOU NEED TO THINK
ABOUT THE MATERIALS,
235
00:11:21,600 --> 00:11:23,933
THE SIZE OF THE EXPLOSION
236
00:11:23,933 --> 00:11:25,867
THROUGH THE PROPELLANT
THAT YOU'RE GOING TO USE.
237
00:11:25,867 --> 00:11:27,067
YOU NEED TO MAKE SURE
238
00:11:27,067 --> 00:11:30,167
THE RECOIL'S NOT GOING TO
JUST TEAR THE GUN APART,
239
00:11:30,167 --> 00:11:32,512
AND THAT YOU'VE GOT A BARREL
THAT'S LONG ENOUGH
240
00:11:32,512 --> 00:11:33,000
AND THAT YOU'VE GOT A BARREL
THAT'S LONG ENOUGH
241
00:11:33,267 --> 00:11:36,200
TO PROJECT SOMETHING
THAT FAR UP.
242
00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:38,800
THERE'S A LOT THAT GOES INTO IT,
243
00:11:38,800 --> 00:11:40,500
AND THERE'S A LOT
OF THOUGHT AND DESIGN
244
00:11:40,500 --> 00:11:42,900
THAT GOES INTO ACHIEVING THIS,
245
00:11:42,900 --> 00:11:44,433
BUT AT THE HEART OF IT,
246
00:11:44,433 --> 00:11:46,500
IT'S STILL
VERY PRIMITIVE ENGINEERING,
247
00:11:46,500 --> 00:11:47,800
AND I LOVE THAT.
248
00:11:52,633 --> 00:11:56,833
Narrator:
ON THE 18th OF NOVEMBER 1966,
IN ARIZONA,
249
00:11:56,833 --> 00:11:59,900
THE H.A.R.P. SUPER GUN
FIRES A MARTLET
250
00:11:59,900 --> 00:12:02,512
TRAVELING AT 7,000 FEET
PER SECOND,
251
00:12:02,512 --> 00:12:02,867
TRAVELING AT 7,000 FEET
PER SECOND,
252
00:12:02,867 --> 00:12:03,000
111 MILES INTO SPACE --
253
00:12:06,333 --> 00:12:10,567
A RECORD THAT STILL STANDS
TO THIS VERY DAY,
254
00:12:10,567 --> 00:12:12,067
AND USING TELEMETRY,
255
00:12:12,067 --> 00:12:15,767
THE MARTLETS SUCCESSFULLY GATHER
CRITICAL INFORMATION
256
00:12:15,767 --> 00:12:19,233
ABOUT SPACE FLIGHT
AND GLOBAL SURVEILLANCE.
257
00:12:21,700 --> 00:12:23,567
BUT BECAUSE OF SOURING RELATIONS
258
00:12:23,567 --> 00:12:25,800
BETWEEN CANADA
AND THE UNITED STATES
259
00:12:25,800 --> 00:12:27,500
OVER THE VIETNAM WAR,
260
00:12:27,500 --> 00:12:31,267
THE H.A.R.P. PROGRAM ENDS
IN 1966.
261
00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:37,067
AND TODAY,
THE GUNS SIT ABANDONED --
262
00:12:37,067 --> 00:12:40,800
A POTENT REMINDER OF BOTH
THE DANGERS OF THE SPACE RACE
263
00:12:40,800 --> 00:12:45,300
AND OUR ETERNAL QUEST
FOR THE STARS.
264
00:12:45,300 --> 00:12:49,067
THE FUTURE OF SPACE EXPLORATION
MAY WELL BE DEPENDENT
265
00:12:49,067 --> 00:12:52,100
ON BILLIONS OF DOLLARS' WORTH
OF INVESTMENT
266
00:12:52,100 --> 00:12:55,767
INTO TECHNOLOGIES THAT WE DON'T
EVEN KNOW ABOUT YET.
267
00:12:55,767 --> 00:12:57,933
I'M NOT SAYING YOU'RE GOING TO
GET A MAN ON MARS
268
00:12:57,933 --> 00:13:00,433
BY FIRING HIM OUT OF A GUN
ALL THE WAY UP.
269
00:13:00,433 --> 00:13:01,767
THAT'S NOT GOING TO HAPPEN.
270
00:13:01,767 --> 00:13:02,512
BUT IF YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT
GETTING PAYLOADS AND OBJECTS
271
00:13:02,512 --> 00:13:03,000
BUT IF YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT
GETTING PAYLOADS AND OBJECTS
272
00:13:04,933 --> 00:13:06,533
INTO LOW EARTH ORBIT,
273
00:13:06,533 --> 00:13:10,100
WHICH COULD THEN BE ASSEMBLED
AS PART OF A PROJECT
274
00:13:10,100 --> 00:13:12,200
TO THEN GO OFF FURTHER IN SPACE
275
00:13:12,200 --> 00:13:15,233
MORE THAN
WE EVER HAVE DONE BEFORE...
276
00:13:15,233 --> 00:13:17,733
AND IT JUST MAKES ME SMILE,
THE THOUGHT OF THAT,
277
00:13:17,733 --> 00:13:20,100
THAT YOU COULD HAVE
THIS COMBINATION OF TECHNOLOGIES
278
00:13:20,100 --> 00:13:21,900
AND OF ENGINEERING ERAS
279
00:13:21,900 --> 00:13:25,567
THAT COME TOGETHER
TO GIVE US SOMETHING THAT IS,
280
00:13:25,567 --> 00:13:28,100
WELL, AT THE MOMENT,
OUT OF THIS WORLD.
281
00:13:32,767 --> 00:13:33,000
*
282
00:13:35,700 --> 00:13:37,800
Narrator:
6,000 MILES AWAY,
283
00:13:37,800 --> 00:13:40,133
OFF THE SOUTHWEST COAST
OF JAPAN,
284
00:13:40,133 --> 00:13:42,333
NEAR THE PORT OF NAGASAKI
285
00:13:42,333 --> 00:13:44,767
IS A MOST MYSTERIOUS PLACE.
286
00:13:46,933 --> 00:13:48,867
*
287
00:13:48,867 --> 00:13:53,467
OUT IN THE EAST CHINA SEA,
THIS ABANDONED 16-ACRE ISLAND
288
00:13:53,467 --> 00:13:58,200
IS 550 FEET WIDE
AND JUST OVER 1,600 FEET LONG --
289
00:13:58,200 --> 00:14:02,512
THE LENGTH
OF ONLY FOUR FOOTBALL FIELDS.
290
00:14:02,512 --> 00:14:02,767
THE LENGTH
OF ONLY FOUR FOOTBALL FIELDS.
291
00:14:02,767 --> 00:14:03,000
BUT IT HAS THE REMAINS
OF DOZENS OF BUILDINGS
292
00:14:06,333 --> 00:14:10,667
AND HOUSED 5,500 PEOPLE.
293
00:14:10,667 --> 00:14:12,133
THIS ISLAND REPRESENTS
294
00:14:12,133 --> 00:14:14,700
ONE OF THE GREATEST
ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS
295
00:14:14,700 --> 00:14:16,767
OF THE 20th CENTURY.
296
00:14:16,767 --> 00:14:20,700
INCREDIBLY,
IT'S ALMOST ENTIRELY MAN-MADE,
297
00:14:20,700 --> 00:14:23,067
CONSTRUCTED FROM RECLAIMED LAND.
298
00:14:24,267 --> 00:14:27,833
RECLAIMED LAND IS ACTUALLY
A MASSIVE ENGINEERING CHALLENGE
299
00:14:27,833 --> 00:14:31,167
BECAUSE YOU'RE WORKING
WITH WATER, WHICH MOVES.
300
00:14:31,167 --> 00:14:32,512
THE LEVELS COME UP AND DOWN.
301
00:14:32,512 --> 00:14:32,533
THE LEVELS COME UP AND DOWN.
302
00:14:32,533 --> 00:14:33,000
IT CAN BE QUITE ACIDIC,
QUITE SALTY.
303
00:14:35,367 --> 00:14:38,367
IT CORRODES MAN-MADE MATERIALS
QUITE EASILY.
304
00:14:38,367 --> 00:14:40,700
AND THEN
WHAT YOU'RE TRYING TO DO
305
00:14:40,700 --> 00:14:42,633
IS BRING STACKS OF NEW MATERIAL
306
00:14:42,633 --> 00:14:46,067
AND PILE IT UP
WITHIN THIS MOVABLE MEDIUM
307
00:14:46,067 --> 00:14:48,800
AND CREATE
A SOLID, STABLE STRUCTURE
308
00:14:48,800 --> 00:14:50,600
THAT YOU CAN THEN
LIVE AND WORK IN
309
00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:53,600
AND BUILD HUGE BUILDINGS ON.
310
00:14:53,600 --> 00:14:56,633
Gough: IT WAS NOT CALLED
THE ISLAND WITHOUT GREEN
311
00:14:56,633 --> 00:14:58,233
FOR NO GOOD REASON.
312
00:14:58,233 --> 00:15:02,512
IT'S ONE OF THE MOST
CLAUSTROPHOBIC PLACES ON EARTH.
313
00:15:02,512 --> 00:15:03,000
IT'S ONE OF THE MOST
CLAUSTROPHOBIC PLACES ON EARTH.
314
00:15:03,067 --> 00:15:07,533
OVER 5,000 PEOPLE LIVED
IN A REALLY TINY COMMUNITY,
315
00:15:07,533 --> 00:15:09,433
BUT THE FUNNY THING IS,
THEY GOT USED TO IT.
316
00:15:09,433 --> 00:15:11,100
AND WHEN THEY WENT
ONTO THE MAINLAND,
317
00:15:11,100 --> 00:15:12,567
THEY FELT UNCOMFORTABLE.
318
00:15:12,567 --> 00:15:14,433
BUT TOURISTS GO THERE TODAY,
319
00:15:14,433 --> 00:15:16,933
AND THEY TELL ME
THEY CAN'T WAIT TO LEAVE.
320
00:15:18,567 --> 00:15:20,467
Narrator:
BUT HOW DID THIS TINY ISLAND
321
00:15:20,467 --> 00:15:23,067
BECOME THE MOST CROWDED
WORKING ENVIRONMENT
322
00:15:23,067 --> 00:15:24,300
ON THE PLANET?
323
00:15:24,300 --> 00:15:26,567
AND WHY WAS IT ABANDONED?
324
00:15:29,900 --> 00:15:32,512
1890, HASHIMA ISLAND.
325
00:15:32,512 --> 00:15:33,000
1890, HASHIMA ISLAND.
326
00:15:33,933 --> 00:15:35,800
FROM THIS HALF-AN-ACRE ISLAND,
327
00:15:35,800 --> 00:15:40,500
JAPANESE ENGINEERS ARE TRYING
TO TAP A MASSIVE COAL VEIN
328
00:15:40,500 --> 00:15:44,567
650 FEET UNDER THE SEABED.
329
00:15:44,567 --> 00:15:48,400
THEY DRILL A DEEP SHAFT DOWN
TO REACH THE COAL DEPOSITS,
330
00:15:48,400 --> 00:15:49,900
AND IT WORKS.
331
00:15:52,567 --> 00:15:55,400
OVER THE COURSE
OF THE NEXT EIGHT DECADES,
332
00:15:55,400 --> 00:15:59,167
JAPANESE ENERGY DEMANDS
INCREASE DRAMATICALLY.
333
00:15:59,167 --> 00:16:02,512
THEY EVENTUALLY MINE COAL OVER
HALF A MILE BENEATH THE SEA.
334
00:16:02,512 --> 00:16:03,000
THEY EVENTUALLY MINE COAL OVER
HALF A MILE BENEATH THE SEA.
335
00:16:05,700 --> 00:16:07,267
TO MEET THESE DEMANDS,
336
00:16:07,267 --> 00:16:13,333
ENGINEERS EXPAND THE ISLAND
TO 16 ACRES BY THE 1970s.
337
00:16:13,333 --> 00:16:14,800
BUT ONE THING IS CONSTANT --
338
00:16:14,800 --> 00:16:17,900
THE WORKING CONDITIONS
ARE UNBEARABLE.
339
00:16:17,900 --> 00:16:20,367
[ KOBATA SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
340
00:16:20,367 --> 00:16:23,767
Interpreter: IT WAS
A REALLY DANGEROUS PLACE.
341
00:16:23,767 --> 00:16:26,667
STONES OFTEN FELL
FROM THE CEILING.
342
00:16:26,667 --> 00:16:30,100
IT WAS LIKE DOING HARD LABOR
IN A STEAM BATH.
343
00:16:32,467 --> 00:16:32,512
Narrator: HOW WAS THIS ISLAND
BUILT TO SUSTAIN
344
00:16:32,512 --> 00:16:33,000
Narrator: HOW WAS THIS ISLAND
BUILT TO SUSTAIN
345
00:16:34,767 --> 00:16:38,833
THE MILLIONS OF TONS OF COAL
EXTRACTED?
346
00:16:38,833 --> 00:16:40,300
AND WHY WAS THIS MARVEL
347
00:16:40,300 --> 00:16:44,067
OF MODERN COMMERCIAL ENGINEERING
ABANDONED?
348
00:16:45,667 --> 00:16:46,000
*
349
00:16:51,133 --> 00:16:53,200
Narrator:
HASHIMA ISLAND IN JAPAN IS
350
00:16:53,200 --> 00:16:57,367
ONE OF THE ENGINEERING MARVELS
OF THE MODERN WORLD.
351
00:16:57,367 --> 00:17:02,433
AT ITS PEAK IN THE EARLY 1970s,
THIS TINY 16-ACRE ISLAND
352
00:17:02,433 --> 00:17:07,367
PRODUCES NEARLY HALF A MILLION
TONS OF COAL A YEAR.
353
00:17:07,367 --> 00:17:09,133
THE MINE RUNS CONTINUOUSLY
354
00:17:09,133 --> 00:17:13,767
FOR 365 DAYS A YEAR,
24 HOURS A DAY,
355
00:17:13,767 --> 00:17:15,270
WITH OVER 5,000 WORKERS
SHARING THREE SHIFTS.
356
00:17:15,270 --> 00:17:16,000
WITH OVER 5,000 WORKERS
SHARING THREE SHIFTS.
357
00:17:19,300 --> 00:17:24,933
IT'S HOT, CROWDED, NOISY,
AND HEAVILY POLLUTED.
358
00:17:24,933 --> 00:17:29,067
THE INCREASING NUMBER OF WORKERS
WHO COME TO LIVE AND WORK HERE
359
00:17:29,067 --> 00:17:32,400
PUTS SPACE ON THE ISLAND
AT A PREMIUM.
360
00:17:32,400 --> 00:17:36,067
AND THAT POSES
ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT PROBLEM.
361
00:17:38,700 --> 00:17:43,333
Agrawal:
I THINK HASHIMA IS AN INCREDIBLE
ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENT.
362
00:17:43,333 --> 00:17:45,270
YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT DIGGING
A 200-METER-DEEP MINE IN THE SEA
363
00:17:45,270 --> 00:17:46,000
YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT DIGGING
A 200-METER-DEEP MINE IN THE SEA
364
00:17:47,500 --> 00:17:49,533
NEXT TO
THIS TINY, LITTLE ISLAND.
365
00:17:49,533 --> 00:17:51,600
AND YOU THINK ABOUT
"WELL, FINE, I'VE GOT THIS MINE,
366
00:17:51,600 --> 00:17:53,467
AND I'VE GOT ALL THIS MATERIAL
COMING UP,
367
00:17:53,467 --> 00:17:54,800
BUT WHERE AM I GOING TO SEND IT?
368
00:17:54,800 --> 00:17:55,867
WHERE AM I GOING TO STORE IT?
369
00:17:55,867 --> 00:17:58,567
THERE'S NO SPACE
TO ACTUALLY POSITION IT."
370
00:17:58,567 --> 00:18:02,067
SO YOU HAVE TO THINK ABOUT
CONVEYING IT OUT.
371
00:18:02,067 --> 00:18:04,867
HOW FAR CAN THE SHIPS
ACTUALLY COME TO THE ISLAND?
372
00:18:04,867 --> 00:18:06,867
HOW ARE YOU GONNA GET
THE MATERIAL FROM
THE ISLAND TO THE SHIP
373
00:18:06,867 --> 00:18:08,200
AND THEN THE SHIP CAN SORT OF
374
00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:09,933
DISSEMINATE IT
BACK TO THE COUNTRY?
375
00:18:09,933 --> 00:18:12,533
IT'S AN INCREDIBLE
LOGISTICAL CHALLENGE
376
00:18:12,533 --> 00:18:13,733
AND, I THINK, SOMETHING
377
00:18:13,733 --> 00:18:15,270
THAT THEY SEEM TO HAVE DONE
REALLY, REALLY WELL.
378
00:18:15,270 --> 00:18:16,000
THAT THEY SEEM TO HAVE DONE
REALLY, REALLY WELL.
379
00:18:20,100 --> 00:18:23,100
WHAT REALLY STRIKES ME
ABOUT THE ISLAND HASHIMA
380
00:18:23,100 --> 00:18:25,700
IS THAT IT'S ALMOST
THIS SELF-PROPAGATING ENTITY.
381
00:18:25,700 --> 00:18:27,133
THE DEEPER YOU GO
INTO THE MINE,
382
00:18:27,133 --> 00:18:29,800
THE MORE MATERIAL
YOU'RE BRINGING UP.
383
00:18:29,800 --> 00:18:31,700
AND TO USE THAT TO BACKFILL
384
00:18:31,700 --> 00:18:34,167
AND MAKE YOUR ISLAND
SLIGHTLY BIGGER
385
00:18:34,167 --> 00:18:37,167
TO MAYBE THEN HOUSE MORE MINERS
SO YOU CAN GO EVEN DEEPER,
386
00:18:37,167 --> 00:18:38,967
IT KIND OF KEEPS GOING
'ROUND AND 'ROUND.
387
00:18:38,967 --> 00:18:40,233
WHERE DOES IT STOP?
388
00:18:42,233 --> 00:18:45,270
Narrator: OVER THE YEARS,
THE WORKFORCE GROWS MASSIVELY.
389
00:18:45,270 --> 00:18:45,633
Narrator: OVER THE YEARS,
THE WORKFORCE GROWS MASSIVELY.
390
00:18:45,633 --> 00:18:46,000
AND OVER TIME,
ENGINEERS GRADUALLY INCREASE
391
00:18:48,733 --> 00:18:52,300
THE MASSIVE CONCRETE SEAWALL
SURROUNDING THE ISLAND
392
00:18:52,300 --> 00:18:55,633
TO PROTECT IT FROM THE STORMS.
393
00:18:55,633 --> 00:18:58,600
THIS MAKES HASHIMA
RESEMBLE A WARSHIP.
394
00:18:58,600 --> 00:19:01,233
IT'S KNOWN LOCALLY
AS GUNKANJIMA,
395
00:19:01,233 --> 00:19:03,667
OR "BATTLESHIP ISLAND."
396
00:19:03,667 --> 00:19:05,867
[ KOBATA SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
397
00:19:05,867 --> 00:19:09,767
Interpreter:
WHEN I SAW THE ISLAND
FROM A SHIP FOR THE FIRST TIME,
398
00:19:09,767 --> 00:19:11,100
I HAD A VERY STRONG IMPRESSION
399
00:19:11,100 --> 00:19:13,500
THAT THE ISLAND
DOES LOOK LIKE A BATTLESHIP.
400
00:19:15,633 --> 00:19:16,000
THE FIRST THING
I WAS SURPRISED BY
401
00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:20,200
WAS THE REINFORCED-CONCRETE
BUILDINGS.
402
00:19:21,833 --> 00:19:23,833
I DIDN'T KNOW MUCH
ABOUT THE ISLAND,
403
00:19:23,833 --> 00:19:25,167
SO I NEVER EVEN DREAMT
404
00:19:25,167 --> 00:19:28,667
ABOUT SEEING SO MANY TALL,
REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDINGS
405
00:19:28,667 --> 00:19:30,367
EVERYWHERE ON THE ISLAND.
406
00:19:32,867 --> 00:19:38,200
Narrator:
IT'S A MASTER CLASS IN DESIGNING
AND ENGINEERING WITH CONCRETE.
407
00:19:38,200 --> 00:19:40,867
IT SEEMS LIKE REINFORCED
CONCRETE WAS ALMOST DESIGNED
408
00:19:40,867 --> 00:19:45,200
FOR SOMETHING LIKE BUILDING
ON THE SMALL ISLAND AT HASHIMA.
409
00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:45,270
YOU DON'T HAVE MUCH SPACE
TO MOVE AROUND
410
00:19:45,270 --> 00:19:46,000
YOU DON'T HAVE MUCH SPACE
TO MOVE AROUND
411
00:19:47,300 --> 00:19:49,633
AND TO BRING IN AND HAVE
LOTS OF STORES OF MATERIALS
412
00:19:49,633 --> 00:19:50,833
THAT YOU'RE GOING TO BUILD,
413
00:19:50,833 --> 00:19:53,167
SO REINFORCED CONCRETE'S
GREAT FOR THAT.
414
00:19:53,167 --> 00:19:57,367
YOU POUR IT WHERE YOU WANT IT --
JOB DONE ONCE IT'S SET.
415
00:19:57,367 --> 00:19:59,533
THE OTHER ADVANTAGE
OF USING IT ON HASHIMA
416
00:19:59,533 --> 00:20:01,500
IS THAT
IT'S PRETTY MUCH FIREPROOF.
417
00:20:01,500 --> 00:20:03,767
YOU CAN'T SET FIRE
TO REINFORCED CONCRETE.
418
00:20:03,767 --> 00:20:06,933
AND WHEN YOU'RE DEALING WITH
A COAL MINE,
419
00:20:06,933 --> 00:20:09,400
IT'S PROBABLY THAT MATERIAL
YOU'D WANT BEST.
420
00:20:10,933 --> 00:20:12,233
Narrator:
THOUGH PRACTICAL,
421
00:20:12,233 --> 00:20:15,270
THE RIGID AND IMPOSING
ARCHITECTURE OF HASHIMA ISLAND
422
00:20:15,270 --> 00:20:15,600
THE RIGID AND IMPOSING
ARCHITECTURE OF HASHIMA ISLAND
423
00:20:15,600 --> 00:20:16,000
AFFECTS THE WAY PEOPLE LIVE.
424
00:20:18,700 --> 00:20:20,033
[ SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
425
00:20:20,033 --> 00:20:22,567
Interpreter: THERE WERE
SO MANY PEOPLE HERE --
426
00:20:22,567 --> 00:20:26,767
SO MANY PEOPLE
THAT YOU COULDN'T BELIEVE IT.
427
00:20:26,767 --> 00:20:28,500
I LIVED IN BUILDING 30
428
00:20:28,500 --> 00:20:31,433
WITH MY THREE
OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS.
429
00:20:31,433 --> 00:20:35,567
WE SHARED ONE ROOM
THAT WE'D ALL LIVE IN TOGETHER.
430
00:20:35,567 --> 00:20:37,767
IT WAS EXTREMELY SMALL.
431
00:20:37,767 --> 00:20:43,933
Interpreter:
THERE WAS NO ELEVATOR AT ALL
IN THESE HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS,
432
00:20:43,933 --> 00:20:45,270
SO PEOPLE MOVED ABOUT
HORIZONTALLY.
433
00:20:45,270 --> 00:20:46,000
SO PEOPLE MOVED ABOUT
HORIZONTALLY.
434
00:20:47,967 --> 00:20:50,900
THERE WERE LOTS OF PASSAGEWAYS.
435
00:20:50,900 --> 00:20:52,633
THEY DIDN'T NEED
TO GO DOWNSTAIRS
436
00:20:52,633 --> 00:20:55,467
TO GO AROUND
APARTMENT BUILDINGS.
437
00:20:55,467 --> 00:20:57,967
THEY MOVED HORIZONTALLY
BETWEEN APARTMENTS.
438
00:21:02,367 --> 00:21:04,333
THERE WAS A KINDERGARTEN,
439
00:21:04,333 --> 00:21:06,933
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL,
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL,
440
00:21:06,933 --> 00:21:09,633
HOSPITAL, PACHINKO PARLOR,
441
00:21:09,633 --> 00:21:12,867
HOSTESS BAR,
BARBER, AND A FLORIST.
442
00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:15,270
CONSIDERING THAT, YOU KNOW,
80% OF OUR POPULATIONS
443
00:21:15,270 --> 00:21:16,000
CONSIDERING THAT, YOU KNOW,
80% OF OUR POPULATIONS
444
00:21:17,567 --> 00:21:19,800
ARE GOING TO BE LIVING IN CITIES
IN THE NEXT FEW DECADES,
445
00:21:19,800 --> 00:21:21,767
I THINK THERE'S GOING TO BE
A LOT MORE SKYSCRAPERS
446
00:21:21,767 --> 00:21:24,300
AND HEIGHT
TO FIT ALL THESE PEOPLE IN.
447
00:21:24,300 --> 00:21:26,233
AND I ALWAYS IMAGINE THERE TO BE
448
00:21:26,233 --> 00:21:29,667
THESE KIND OF FUTURISTIC
AIR BRIDGES JOINING BUILDINGS UP
449
00:21:29,667 --> 00:21:31,533
SO THAT YOU DON'T NEED
TO KIND OF GO DOWN
450
00:21:31,533 --> 00:21:32,933
AND THEN COME UP AGAIN.
451
00:21:32,933 --> 00:21:36,800
AND IT'S FASCINATING FOR ME THAT
HASHIMA DID THIS DECADES AGO,
452
00:21:36,800 --> 00:21:39,933
SO I THINK THAT THERE'S
A REAL INTERESTING MODEL THERE
453
00:21:39,933 --> 00:21:41,667
FOR US TO THINK ABOUT NOW.
454
00:21:43,767 --> 00:21:45,270
MAYBE THERE IS
AN ELEMENT AT HASHIMA
455
00:21:45,270 --> 00:21:46,000
MAYBE THERE IS
AN ELEMENT AT HASHIMA
456
00:21:46,167 --> 00:21:51,167
THAT THE KIND OF HUMAN FACTOR
AND WELL-BEING OF EVERYBODY
457
00:21:51,167 --> 00:21:54,800
AND JUST HAVING SOME SPACE
TO NOT BE CROWDED,
458
00:21:54,800 --> 00:21:58,333
NOT FEEL SO IMPOSED UPON.
459
00:21:58,333 --> 00:22:01,333
JUST NOT SURE
THAT WAS EVER CONSIDERED.
460
00:22:01,333 --> 00:22:03,400
ALL THEY WANTED TO DO
WAS MAKE IT FUNCTIONAL.
461
00:22:03,400 --> 00:22:05,633
HASHIMA WAS THERE
TO BE FUNCTIONAL,
462
00:22:05,633 --> 00:22:08,600
AND OUTSIDE OF
BEING EFFICIENT AT WORK,
463
00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:11,400
I'M NOT SURE
MUCH MORE WAS THOUGHT ABOUT.
464
00:22:14,467 --> 00:22:15,270
Narrator: THE TIGHT QUARTERS
ESPECIALLY AFFECT THE CHILDREN.
465
00:22:15,270 --> 00:22:16,000
Narrator: THE TIGHT QUARTERS
ESPECIALLY AFFECT THE CHILDREN.
466
00:22:18,633 --> 00:22:20,267
[ KOBATA SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
467
00:22:20,267 --> 00:22:23,833
Interpreter:
CHILDREN USED THEIR IMAGINATION
TO PLAY HERE.
468
00:22:23,833 --> 00:22:25,800
THEY PLAYED CARDS ON THE STAIRS,
469
00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:28,533
PLAYED MARBLES WHEREVER
THEY COULD FIND TINY SPACES.
470
00:22:28,533 --> 00:22:30,933
THE ROOFTOPS
OF ALL THE BUILDINGS
471
00:22:30,933 --> 00:22:32,433
WERE THEIR PLAYGROUNDS.
472
00:22:34,233 --> 00:22:35,900
[ KINOSHITA SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
473
00:22:35,900 --> 00:22:39,967
Interpreter:
WE THOUGHT CAREFULLY ABOUT HOW
TO PLAY BASEBALL IN OUR OWN WAY.
474
00:22:39,967 --> 00:22:42,600
WE USED OUR BRAINS A LOT
TO PLAY ON THIS ISLAND.
475
00:22:45,567 --> 00:22:46,000
Narrator:
BUT WITH THE 5,000 INHABITANTS
ADAPTING TO LIFE HERE
476
00:22:49,267 --> 00:22:52,667
AND WITH HALF A MILLION TONS
OF COAL EXTRACTED EACH YEAR,
477
00:22:52,667 --> 00:22:56,100
WHY IS HASHIMA ISLAND ABANDONED?
478
00:22:59,867 --> 00:23:00,000
*
479
00:23:05,267 --> 00:23:07,400
Narrator: BY THE 1970s,
480
00:23:07,400 --> 00:23:09,567
THE ISLAND OF HASHIMA'S
POPULATION
481
00:23:09,567 --> 00:23:12,900
GROWS TO OVER 5,500 PEOPLE --
482
00:23:12,900 --> 00:23:17,400
ALL CRAMMED INTO LESS THAN HALF
OF THE 16-ACRE ISLAND,
483
00:23:17,400 --> 00:23:21,233
MAKING HASHIMA ONE OF
THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED AREAS
484
00:23:21,233 --> 00:23:23,900
ON THE PLANET -- EVER.
485
00:23:23,900 --> 00:23:26,600
Bell:
POPULATION DENSITY ON HASHIMA
GOT TO THE POINT
486
00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:29,578
WHERE IT WAS DOUBLE WHAT
CIVIC ENGINEERS AT THAT TIME
487
00:23:29,578 --> 00:23:30,000
WHERE IT WAS DOUBLE WHAT
CIVIC ENGINEERS AT THAT TIME
488
00:23:30,467 --> 00:23:33,333
WOULD HAVE RECOMMENDED
AS BEING THE MAXIMUM,
489
00:23:33,333 --> 00:23:35,367
SO, I MEAN, TALK ABOUT CROWDED.
490
00:23:35,367 --> 00:23:38,100
YOU MIGHT THINK YOU LIVE QUITE
CLOSE TO YOUR NEIGHBORS NOW.
491
00:23:38,100 --> 00:23:40,800
THAT'S NOTHING COMPARED TO WHAT
IT WOULD HAVE BEEN AT HASHIMA.
492
00:23:43,200 --> 00:23:45,467
Narrator:
IN ITS 84-YEAR HISTORY,
493
00:23:45,467 --> 00:23:46,833
THE HASHIMA MINE PRODUCES
494
00:23:46,833 --> 00:23:52,067
AN INCREDIBLE
16.5 MILLION TONS OF COAL.
495
00:23:52,067 --> 00:23:53,200
ITS WORKERS ENDURE
496
00:23:53,200 --> 00:23:56,067
SOME OF THE HARDEST
WORKING CONDITIONS ON EARTH.
497
00:23:56,067 --> 00:23:58,133
[ KOBATA SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
498
00:23:58,133 --> 00:23:59,578
Interpreter:
IT WAS SUCH HARD WORK --
NO DAYS OFF --
499
00:23:59,578 --> 00:24:00,000
Interpreter:
IT WAS SUCH HARD WORK --
NO DAYS OFF --
500
00:24:02,300 --> 00:24:04,067
SO IT'S TRUE TO SAY
501
00:24:04,067 --> 00:24:07,867
I WANTED TO LEAVE THE ISLAND
AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
502
00:24:07,867 --> 00:24:11,467
Narrator: BUT EVENTUALLY,
ITS COAL DEPOSITS ARE EXHAUSTED,
503
00:24:11,467 --> 00:24:15,367
AND THE MINING OPERATION CLOSES
IN 1974.
504
00:24:15,367 --> 00:24:20,267
AND WHEN THE ISLAND'S HEART
STOPS, ITS COMMUNITY DIES, TOO.
505
00:24:21,900 --> 00:24:24,800
TODAY, HASHIMA IS ABANDONED.
506
00:24:24,800 --> 00:24:26,867
ASIDE FROM OCCASIONAL USE
FOR MOVIES,
507
00:24:26,867 --> 00:24:29,167
LIKE JAMES BOND'S "SKYFALL,"
508
00:24:29,167 --> 00:24:29,578
IT'S MOSTLY LEFT
TO THE MERCY OF THE ELEMENTS.
509
00:24:29,578 --> 00:24:30,000
IT'S MOSTLY LEFT
TO THE MERCY OF THE ELEMENTS.
510
00:24:34,233 --> 00:24:36,800
*
511
00:24:36,800 --> 00:24:40,533
APPROXIMATELY 6,000 MILES AWAY,
ACROSS THE PACIFIC,
512
00:24:40,533 --> 00:24:44,267
IS ONE OF THE MOST UNUSUAL
AND BRASH TRANSPORT PROJECTS
513
00:24:44,267 --> 00:24:46,067
EVER UNDERTAKEN.
514
00:24:50,133 --> 00:24:52,933
IN THE MIDDLE
OF A 350-MILE ROUTE
515
00:24:52,933 --> 00:24:55,233
THAT RUNS BETWEEN
SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA,
516
00:24:55,233 --> 00:24:59,578
AND PHOENIX, ARIZONA,
IS A VERY UNUSUAL STRETCH.
517
00:24:59,578 --> 00:25:00,000
AND PHOENIX, ARIZONA,
IS A VERY UNUSUAL STRETCH.
518
00:25:00,333 --> 00:25:03,900
THIS ROAD IS MADE
ENTIRELY OUT OF WOOD.
519
00:25:06,300 --> 00:25:09,267
EACH PLANK USED IS 8 FEET LONG
520
00:25:09,267 --> 00:25:12,333
BY 4 INCHES WIDE
AND 1 INCH DEEP,
521
00:25:12,333 --> 00:25:15,200
AND IT RUNS FOR 6 1/2 MILES,
522
00:25:15,200 --> 00:25:17,267
USING THOUSANDS OF WOODEN PLANKS
523
00:25:17,267 --> 00:25:21,333
SNAKING THROUGH THE SHIFTING
SANDS OF THE CALIFORNIA DESERT.
524
00:25:23,600 --> 00:25:27,333
IT'S A BEAUTIFUL
KIND OF AMERICAN SHEER AUDACITY
525
00:25:27,333 --> 00:25:28,967
OF TAKING ON SUCH A PROJECT.
526
00:25:28,967 --> 00:25:29,578
"YEAH, WHY NOT?
OF COURSE I'M GOING TO DO IT.
527
00:25:29,578 --> 00:25:30,000
"YEAH, WHY NOT?
OF COURSE I'M GOING TO DO IT.
528
00:25:31,233 --> 00:25:33,167
NOTHING'S TOO MUCH OF A PROBLEM
FOR ME.
529
00:25:33,167 --> 00:25:35,500
A ROAD THROUGH THE DESERT?
HELL YEAH."
530
00:25:37,167 --> 00:25:41,100
Agrawal: DESERTS ARE
VERY, VERY DYNAMIC LANDSCAPES.
531
00:25:41,100 --> 00:25:43,733
YOU'VE GOT WIND,
YOU'VE GOT THESE SAND DUNES,
532
00:25:43,733 --> 00:25:46,067
AND WHEN THEY INTERACT
WITH EACH OTHER,
533
00:25:46,067 --> 00:25:48,300
IT JUST COMPLETELY CHANGES
THE SURFACE.
534
00:25:48,300 --> 00:25:50,933
THINGS MOVE,
THEY GET LOWER, THEY GET HIGHER.
535
00:25:50,933 --> 00:25:52,700
SO TRYING TO BUILD A ROAD
ON THAT
536
00:25:52,700 --> 00:25:55,133
SEEMS LIKE
A PRETTY CRAZY THING TO DO.
537
00:25:55,133 --> 00:25:59,200
Bell: IT'S ALMOST LIKE
THE SIMPLEST IDEA WAS THE BEST.
538
00:25:59,200 --> 00:25:59,578
WE'RE DEALING WITH FAST-MOVING,
SHIFTING SAND,
539
00:25:59,578 --> 00:26:00,000
WE'RE DEALING WITH FAST-MOVING,
SHIFTING SAND,
540
00:26:02,800 --> 00:26:04,533
AND WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT A ROAD,
YOU THINK OF IT
541
00:26:04,533 --> 00:26:06,800
AS SOMETHING SOLID,
SOMETHING THAT DOESN'T MOVE.
542
00:26:06,800 --> 00:26:08,667
WITH THE SAND
CONTINUOUSLY MOVING,
543
00:26:08,667 --> 00:26:12,200
THEY NEEDED SOMETHING THAT WAS
GONNA BE A LITTLE BIT FLEXIBLE.
544
00:26:12,200 --> 00:26:15,767
IT'S A VERY SIMPLE IDEA,
BUT MAYBE IT WAS THAT SIMPLICITY
545
00:26:15,767 --> 00:26:17,633
WHICH ACTUALLY MEANT
THAT IT WORKED.
546
00:26:18,833 --> 00:26:21,933
Narrator: WHY WAS
THIS INCREDIBLE ROAD MADE?
547
00:26:21,933 --> 00:26:25,067
HOW GREAT ARE THE PROBLEMS
THAT THE ENGINEERS FACE?
548
00:26:25,067 --> 00:26:27,500
AND HOW DOES IT END UP
BEING ABANDONED?
549
00:26:29,933 --> 00:26:30,000
IN 1912, LOS ANGELES
IS THE FINAL HUB
550
00:26:33,900 --> 00:26:37,133
OF AMERICA'S
TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD.
551
00:26:37,133 --> 00:26:40,500
BUT WITHOUT ANY DIRECT
CONNECTING ROUTES TO THE EAST,
552
00:26:40,500 --> 00:26:45,333
NEARBY SAN DIEGO RISKS BECOMING
AN ECONOMIC BACKWATER
553
00:26:45,333 --> 00:26:50,800
BLOCKED BY AN EXPANSE OF DESERT
WHICH IS CONSIDERED IMPASSABLE.
554
00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:53,933
BUT LOCAL BUSINESSMAN
ED FLETCHER DEMANDS
555
00:26:53,933 --> 00:26:56,467
THAT THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
ROAD NETWORK
556
00:26:56,467 --> 00:26:59,333
USE SAN DIEGO AS ITS HUB.
557
00:26:59,333 --> 00:26:59,578
ED FLETCHER IS ONE OF THESE
GREAT UNSUNG AMERICAN HEROES.
558
00:26:59,578 --> 00:27:00,000
ED FLETCHER IS ONE OF THESE
GREAT UNSUNG AMERICAN HEROES.
559
00:27:03,700 --> 00:27:05,267
HE TAKES THE INITIATIVE,
560
00:27:05,267 --> 00:27:08,500
HE SEES THE CHALLENGE,
AND HE SEIZES IT.
561
00:27:08,500 --> 00:27:11,967
"LET'S BUILD A ROAD
ACROSS THE DESERT."
562
00:27:11,967 --> 00:27:13,367
"OH, REALLY?
HOW ARE YOU GOING TO DO THAT?
563
00:27:13,367 --> 00:27:15,867
WOODEN PLANKS --
IS THAT THE BEST IDEA?"
564
00:27:15,867 --> 00:27:17,067
HE DOES IT ANYWAY.
565
00:27:17,067 --> 00:27:20,500
PEOPLE THINK CALIFORNIA
IS FULL OF CRAZY PEOPLE.
566
00:27:20,500 --> 00:27:22,533
WELL, YOU KNOW WHAT --
MAYBE THEY ALWAYS WERE,
567
00:27:22,533 --> 00:27:24,700
BUT YOU HAVE TO ADMIRE
THAT AMBITION.
568
00:27:27,400 --> 00:27:29,578
Narrator: FLETCHER CALLS
HIS NOVEL CREATION
569
00:27:29,578 --> 00:27:30,000
Narrator: FLETCHER CALLS
HIS NOVEL CREATION
570
00:27:30,300 --> 00:27:32,567
"THE PLANK ROAD."
571
00:27:32,567 --> 00:27:34,700
Bell: WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
AN ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENT HERE,
572
00:27:34,700 --> 00:27:37,833
BUT IT'S PLANKS
LAID OUT THROUGH THE DESERT,
573
00:27:37,833 --> 00:27:40,733
WHICH IS THE KIND OF SOLUTION
I MIGHT HAVE COME UP WITH
574
00:27:40,733 --> 00:27:43,100
AS, LIKE, A 7-YEAR-OLD
THINKING ABOUT IT.
575
00:27:43,100 --> 00:27:46,567
BUT IT'S THE FACT
THAT THEY LAID THIS OUT,
576
00:27:46,567 --> 00:27:48,633
13,000 PLANKS,
577
00:27:48,633 --> 00:27:51,067
LAID ONE AFTER THE OTHER
AFTER THE OTHER AFTER THE OTHER,
578
00:27:51,067 --> 00:27:53,767
WHICH YOU MIGHT SAY, "HANG ON.
THAT'S JUST NOT POSSIBLE."
579
00:27:53,767 --> 00:27:56,067
FOR ED FLETCHER,
ANYTHING WAS POSSIBLE.
580
00:27:59,067 --> 00:27:59,578
Narrator:
WHAT PREVENTS EACH WOODEN PLANK
581
00:27:59,578 --> 00:28:00,000
Narrator:
WHAT PREVENTS EACH WOODEN PLANK
582
00:28:01,233 --> 00:28:03,500
FROM MOVING
IN THE SHIFTING SANDS
583
00:28:03,500 --> 00:28:07,667
IS THE ENGINEER'S INCLUSION
OF THE THREE METAL RODS.
584
00:28:07,667 --> 00:28:10,933
NAILED INTO EACH PLANK,
THEY HOLD THE PLANKS TOGETHER
585
00:28:10,933 --> 00:28:14,067
DESPITE
CONSTANTLY MOVING TERRAIN.
586
00:28:15,633 --> 00:28:18,567
AMAZINGLY,
FLETCHER'S IMPROVISED ROAD
587
00:28:18,567 --> 00:28:22,367
IS SO SUCCESSFUL
THAT IN 1915, IT'S INCORPORATED
588
00:28:22,367 --> 00:28:25,133
INTO CALIFORNIA'S
STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM.
589
00:28:27,067 --> 00:28:29,067
Bell:
IF I'D PICKED UP A MAP BACK THEN
590
00:28:29,067 --> 00:28:29,578
AND NAVIGATED MY WAY
TO SAN DIEGO
591
00:28:29,578 --> 00:28:30,000
AND NAVIGATED MY WAY
TO SAN DIEGO
592
00:28:31,767 --> 00:28:33,767
AND IT HAPPENED TO TAKE IN
THE PLANK ROAD,
593
00:28:33,767 --> 00:28:38,067
TO GET THERE
AND ACTUALLY SEE LITERAL PLANKS
594
00:28:38,067 --> 00:28:39,600
FORMING THE ROAD,
595
00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:42,100
I THINK I WOULD HAVE BEEN
EXTREMELY SHOCKED.
596
00:28:42,100 --> 00:28:45,133
IT'S NOT WHAT YOU'D EXPECT.
597
00:28:45,133 --> 00:28:48,933
Agrawal: IT'S COMPLETELY BIZARRE
AND UTTERLY SURPRISING TO ME
598
00:28:48,933 --> 00:28:54,333
THAT TWO PLANKS OF WOOD
IN THIS MOVING SAND DESERT
599
00:28:54,333 --> 00:28:56,333
CAN BE PART OF A HIGHWAY.
600
00:28:56,333 --> 00:28:58,867
I MEAN, IT'S INCREDIBLE.
601
00:28:58,867 --> 00:28:59,578
Bell: DESPITE ITS NAME,
THE PLANK ROAD WASN'T A JOKE.
602
00:28:59,578 --> 00:29:00,000
Bell: DESPITE ITS NAME,
THE PLANK ROAD WASN'T A JOKE.
603
00:29:02,700 --> 00:29:04,833
IT WASN'T JUST A BUNCH OF TIMBER
604
00:29:04,833 --> 00:29:07,733
LAID OUT RUSTICALLY
IN FRONT OF YOU.
605
00:29:07,733 --> 00:29:11,833
THERE WAS THOUGHT
AND PROCESS AND DESIGN
606
00:29:11,833 --> 00:29:13,867
THAT WENT INTO
BUILDING THE ROAD,
607
00:29:13,867 --> 00:29:17,500
RIGHT DOWN TO THE CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUE THAT THEY USED.
608
00:29:17,500 --> 00:29:20,567
HAVING A CONTRAPTION
THAT WAS SPECIFICALLY MADE
609
00:29:20,567 --> 00:29:23,100
TO LAY OUT EACH SECTION
OF THE ROAD IN FRONT OF IT,
610
00:29:23,100 --> 00:29:26,500
WHICH YOU COULD THEN
ROLL THE CONTRAPTION ONTO
611
00:29:26,500 --> 00:29:28,567
TO LAY DOWN THE NEXT BIT
IN FRONT OF YOU,
612
00:29:28,567 --> 00:29:29,578
IT'S KIND OF HOW TUNNEL-BORING
MACHINES WORK NOWADAYS.
613
00:29:29,578 --> 00:29:30,000
IT'S KIND OF HOW TUNNEL-BORING
MACHINES WORK NOWADAYS.
614
00:29:31,767 --> 00:29:33,433
BUT THEY WEREN'T
BORING A TUNNEL.
615
00:29:33,433 --> 00:29:35,933
THEY WERE BUILDING A WOODEN ROAD
THROUGH THE DESERT.
616
00:29:36,933 --> 00:29:41,133
Narrator:
FOR 10 YEARS, THE PLANK ROAD
IS IN CONSTANT USE --
617
00:29:41,133 --> 00:29:42,833
NOT ONLY BY LOCAL TRAFFIC,
618
00:29:42,833 --> 00:29:45,833
BUT ALSO BY TOURISTS
WHO COME TO ENJOY
619
00:29:45,833 --> 00:29:50,933
THIS INCREDIBLY BUMPY RIDE
ACROSS THE DESERT.
620
00:29:50,933 --> 00:29:53,467
Gough: FLETCHER'S PLANK ROAD
BECOMES A SUCCESS
621
00:29:53,467 --> 00:29:55,367
BECAUSE IT'S A NOVELTY.
622
00:29:55,367 --> 00:29:58,133
IT'S THE PATH LESS TAKEN.
623
00:29:58,133 --> 00:29:59,578
IT'S AN ADVENTURE.
PEOPLE WANT TO DRIVE ON IT.
624
00:29:59,578 --> 00:30:00,000
IT'S AN ADVENTURE.
PEOPLE WANT TO DRIVE ON IT.
625
00:30:00,900 --> 00:30:02,700
THEY KNOW IT'S GOING TO BE
AN EXPERIENCE,
626
00:30:02,700 --> 00:30:04,067
AND THAT'S WHAT IT'S ALL ABOUT.
627
00:30:04,067 --> 00:30:06,767
IT'S SORT OF
THE ORIGINAL THRILL-SEEKERS.
628
00:30:06,767 --> 00:30:07,933
PEOPLE WOULD BRAG TO EACH OTHER.
629
00:30:07,933 --> 00:30:09,333
"HAVE YOU BEEN ON
THE PLANK ROAD?
630
00:30:09,333 --> 00:30:10,833
I HAVE. IT'S AMAZING."
631
00:30:10,833 --> 00:30:12,967
AND EVERYBODY WANTED TO DO IT.
632
00:30:14,767 --> 00:30:19,933
Narrator:
BUT WITH ITS POPULARITY PEAKING,
WHY IS THE PLANK ROAD ABANDONED?
633
00:30:23,333 --> 00:30:24,000
*
634
00:30:28,900 --> 00:30:30,233
Narrator: THE PLANK ROAD
635
00:30:30,233 --> 00:30:32,700
OUT IN THE MIDDLE
OF THE CALIFORNIAN DESERT
636
00:30:32,700 --> 00:30:34,400
IS ONE OF THE MOST DARING
637
00:30:34,400 --> 00:30:36,933
AND EXTRAORDINARY
ENGINEERING PROJECTS
638
00:30:36,933 --> 00:30:39,500
OF THE EARLY 20th CENTURY.
639
00:30:39,500 --> 00:30:44,267
MADE OUT OF MORE THAN 13,000
LARGE WOODEN PLANKS,
640
00:30:44,267 --> 00:30:48,733
THIS POPULAR BUT RUGGED ROAD
STRETCHES NEARLY 7 MILES
641
00:30:48,733 --> 00:30:53,087
AND FORMS THE CRITICAL LINK
OF A 350-MILE HIGHWAY
642
00:30:53,087 --> 00:30:53,400
AND FORMS THE CRITICAL LINK
OF A 350-MILE HIGHWAY
643
00:30:53,400 --> 00:30:54,000
FROM SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA,
TO PHOENIX, ARIZONA.
644
00:30:58,633 --> 00:31:02,933
BUT DESPITE THE IRON RAILINGS
THAT HOLD THE ROAD IN PLACE,
645
00:31:02,933 --> 00:31:06,667
THE PLANKS ARE STILL
VERY SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE WIND
646
00:31:06,667 --> 00:31:08,233
AND THE MOVING SANDS.
647
00:31:10,233 --> 00:31:14,567
IN 1926, SAN DIEGO BUSINESSMAN
ED FLETCHER
648
00:31:14,567 --> 00:31:16,300
REPLACES THE WOODEN PLANKS
649
00:31:16,300 --> 00:31:19,067
WITH A PROFESSIONAL
ASPHALT SURFACE
650
00:31:19,067 --> 00:31:21,100
BUILT UP ON A SANDBANK.
651
00:31:22,867 --> 00:31:23,087
Bell: ANALYSIS WAS DONE
ON THE MOVING SAND,
652
00:31:23,087 --> 00:31:24,000
Bell: ANALYSIS WAS DONE
ON THE MOVING SAND,
653
00:31:24,833 --> 00:31:28,067
AND IT WAS FOUND
THAT THE SANDS MOVED A LOT MORE
654
00:31:28,067 --> 00:31:29,333
WHEN IT WAS LOWER.
655
00:31:29,333 --> 00:31:31,400
ANYTHING THAT WAS
RAISED UP SLIGHTLY
656
00:31:31,400 --> 00:31:34,900
WAS LESS SUSCEPTIBLE
TO THE MOVING SANDS.
657
00:31:34,900 --> 00:31:37,667
AND SO WHEN THE MORE PERMANENT
ROAD WAS PUT IN
658
00:31:37,667 --> 00:31:39,500
WITH AN ASPHALT SURFACE,
659
00:31:39,500 --> 00:31:42,800
THAT WAS PUT IN
ON A KIND OF RAISED BANK,
660
00:31:42,800 --> 00:31:44,900
WHEREAS THE ORIGINAL PLANK ROAD
661
00:31:44,900 --> 00:31:49,467
WAS RIGHT DOWN
WHERE ALL THE SHIFTING SAND WAS.
662
00:31:49,467 --> 00:31:52,100
Narrator: WITH THE NEW
ASPHALT HIGHWAY IN PLACE,
663
00:31:52,100 --> 00:31:53,087
THE PLANK ROAD
IS SIDELINED IN THE DESERT.
664
00:31:53,087 --> 00:31:54,000
THE PLANK ROAD
IS SIDELINED IN THE DESERT.
665
00:31:55,533 --> 00:31:58,133
IT SLOWLY DISAPPEARS
UNDER THE SAND
666
00:31:58,133 --> 00:32:00,900
AND IS LARGELY TORN UP
BY SCAVENGERS
667
00:32:00,900 --> 00:32:02,733
WANTING ITS TIMBERS.
668
00:32:02,733 --> 00:32:05,433
BUT ED FLETCHER SHOWS
WHAT CAN BE DONE
669
00:32:05,433 --> 00:32:10,967
WITH JUST A LITTLE IMAGINATION
AND A LOT OF DETERMINATION.
670
00:32:10,967 --> 00:32:13,067
Bell:
I LOVE THE ITERATIVE PROCESS
671
00:32:13,067 --> 00:32:14,500
THE DESIGNERS AND ENGINEERS
WENT THROUGH HERE,
672
00:32:14,500 --> 00:32:17,233
FROM GOING FROM
THE TWO PARALLEL ROWS OF PLANKS
673
00:32:17,233 --> 00:32:19,300
THAT YOU'D HAVE TO
KEEP YOUR WHEELS ONTO
674
00:32:19,300 --> 00:32:21,967
TO THE CONTINUOUS ROWS OF PLANKS
675
00:32:21,967 --> 00:32:23,087
JUST LAID OUT IN FRONT OF YOU
AS A MORE SOLID STRUCTURE.
676
00:32:23,087 --> 00:32:24,000
JUST LAID OUT IN FRONT OF YOU
AS A MORE SOLID STRUCTURE.
677
00:32:25,300 --> 00:32:27,367
BUT YOU'VE STILL GOT PLANKS.
678
00:32:27,367 --> 00:32:29,733
IT'S NOT GREAT BIG
SLABS OF CONCRETE.
679
00:32:29,733 --> 00:32:32,567
DRIVING ACROSS THAT,
I'M SURE IN THE KIND OF CARS
680
00:32:32,567 --> 00:32:34,133
THAT THEY WOULD HAVE BEEN
DRIVING AT THE TIME,
681
00:32:34,133 --> 00:32:35,833
IT WOULD HAVE MADE
A HECK OF A RACKET
682
00:32:35,833 --> 00:32:39,433
AND WOULD HAVE BEEN
QUITE A BONE-RATTLING RIDE.
683
00:32:39,433 --> 00:32:42,367
I'M SURE
YOU WOULD HAVE BEEN RELIEVED
684
00:32:42,367 --> 00:32:45,067
TO GET TO THE END OF IT,
WHICHEVER WAY YOU WERE GOING.
685
00:32:47,967 --> 00:32:50,800
Narrator: TODAY,
THE PLANK ROAD LIES ABANDONED
686
00:32:50,800 --> 00:32:53,087
OUT IN THE CALIFORNIA DESERT --
687
00:32:53,087 --> 00:32:54,000
OUT IN THE CALIFORNIA DESERT --
688
00:32:54,067 --> 00:32:56,400
A POWERFUL BUT DECAYING REMINDER
689
00:32:56,400 --> 00:32:59,200
OF HUMANITY'S
UNQUENCHABLE DESIRE
690
00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:02,433
TO CROSS
THIS PLANET'S VAST EXPANSES
691
00:33:02,433 --> 00:33:04,467
TO CONNECT OUR CITIES.
692
00:33:06,200 --> 00:33:08,233
*
693
00:33:08,233 --> 00:33:10,233
ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE
OF THE PLANET,
694
00:33:10,233 --> 00:33:12,467
ON THE SOUTHERN COAST
OF AUSTRALIA,
695
00:33:12,467 --> 00:33:14,800
IS A SUNKEN WRECK
THAT WAS ONCE
696
00:33:14,800 --> 00:33:18,067
AT THE CUTTING EDGE
OF MARITIME TECHNOLOGY.
697
00:33:22,700 --> 00:33:23,087
IT IS 225 FEET LONG
AND 45 FEET WIDE
698
00:33:23,087 --> 00:33:24,000
IT IS 225 FEET LONG
AND 45 FEET WIDE
699
00:33:27,267 --> 00:33:30,700
AND WEIGHS 10,000 TONS,
700
00:33:30,700 --> 00:33:35,600
AND IT'S MADE
ALMOST ENTIRELY OUT OF IRON --
701
00:33:35,600 --> 00:33:38,867
TONS OF IRON.
702
00:33:38,867 --> 00:33:44,733
ITS 13 COAL-FIRED STEAM BOILERS
PROVIDE NEARLY 1,400 HORSEPOWER
703
00:33:44,733 --> 00:33:49,533
POWERED THROUGH
TWO 13-FEET-DIAMETER PROPELLERS.
704
00:33:49,533 --> 00:33:53,087
FOUR 10-INCH GUNS ARE ON BOARD,
EACH WEIGHING 18 TONS,
705
00:33:53,087 --> 00:33:54,000
FOUR 10-INCH GUNS ARE ON BOARD,
EACH WEIGHING 18 TONS,
706
00:33:56,100 --> 00:34:00,600
WHICH ARE FIRED FROM
TWO HUGE SOLID-IRON GUN TURRETS.
707
00:34:02,300 --> 00:34:03,600
BEAUTY OF GUN TURRETS
708
00:34:03,600 --> 00:34:07,200
IS THAT YOU CAN ROTATE THEM
PRETTY MUCH 360 DEGREES,
709
00:34:07,200 --> 00:34:10,067
SO YOU CAN FIRE
IN ANY DIRECTION.
710
00:34:10,067 --> 00:34:12,233
ONE AT THE FRONT,
ONE AT THE BACK OF THE SHIP,
711
00:34:12,233 --> 00:34:13,633
YOU'RE GOOD TO GO.
712
00:34:13,633 --> 00:34:16,967
YOU CAN MANEUVER YOUR FIREPOWER
WHEREVER YOU NEED IT
713
00:34:16,967 --> 00:34:18,900
VERY, VERY QUICKLY.
714
00:34:18,900 --> 00:34:21,533
FOR ME,
THAT'S A REVOLUTIONARY TIME
715
00:34:21,533 --> 00:34:23,087
IN THE DESIGN OF BATTLESHIPS
716
00:34:23,087 --> 00:34:23,400
IN THE DESIGN OF BATTLESHIPS
717
00:34:23,400 --> 00:34:24,000
BECAUSE THAT DESIGN
WITH THE TWO GUN TURRETS,
718
00:34:25,700 --> 00:34:27,600
ONE EACH END OF THE SHIP,
719
00:34:27,600 --> 00:34:30,933
LASTED US THEN FOR --
WELL, DECADES TO COME.
720
00:34:32,833 --> 00:34:34,867
Narrator:
BUT WHO BUILT THIS WARSHIP?
721
00:34:34,867 --> 00:34:37,367
AND WHY WAS IT ABANDONED?
722
00:34:39,300 --> 00:34:42,700
IN 1870,
THE CROWN COLONIES OF AUSTRALIA
723
00:34:42,700 --> 00:34:46,200
ARE JUST UNDER 100 YEARS OLD.
724
00:34:46,200 --> 00:34:47,900
AS A FLEDGLING STATE
725
00:34:47,900 --> 00:34:50,733
VYING FOR ITS PLACE
IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN,
726
00:34:50,733 --> 00:34:53,087
AUSTRALIA FACES
AN IMMINENT THREAT
727
00:34:53,087 --> 00:34:53,733
AUSTRALIA FACES
AN IMMINENT THREAT
728
00:34:53,733 --> 00:34:54,000
FROM A FAR BIGGER
AND MORE ESTABLISHED COUNTRY --
729
00:34:57,133 --> 00:34:58,767
RUSSIA.
730
00:35:00,400 --> 00:35:04,667
IN THE LATE 1870s, THE RUSSIANS
ACTUALLY HAD TWO PLANS
731
00:35:04,667 --> 00:35:06,300
IN CASE OF WAR WITH BRITAIN.
732
00:35:06,300 --> 00:35:08,533
ONE WAS TO ATTACK SINGAPORE.
733
00:35:08,533 --> 00:35:11,133
THE OTHER WAS TO ATTACK
THE AUSTRALIAN PORTS.
734
00:35:11,133 --> 00:35:13,400
SO THEY WOULD HAVE ATTACKED
SYDNEY, MELBOURNE,
735
00:35:13,400 --> 00:35:14,800
THEN HEADED OFF AND HID
736
00:35:14,800 --> 00:35:18,667
IN THE WEST COAST PORTS
OF AMERICA, WHICH WERE NEUTRAL.
737
00:35:18,667 --> 00:35:20,433
Narrator:
TO DEFEND ITS WATERS,
738
00:35:20,433 --> 00:35:22,300
THE AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT
COMMISSIONS
739
00:35:22,300 --> 00:35:23,087
THE MOST ADVANCED WARSHIP
OF ITS TIME --
740
00:35:23,087 --> 00:35:24,000
THE MOST ADVANCED WARSHIP
OF ITS TIME --
741
00:35:25,833 --> 00:35:28,367
THE HMVS CERBERUS.
742
00:35:29,633 --> 00:35:31,133
David:
THE WILLINGNESS OF PEOPLE
743
00:35:31,133 --> 00:35:32,900
IN THE STATE OF VICTORIA
IN AUSTRALIA
744
00:35:32,900 --> 00:35:34,533
TO PUT THEIR HANDS
IN THEIR POCKETS
745
00:35:34,533 --> 00:35:36,533
TO PAY OUT FOR THIS WARSHIP
746
00:35:36,533 --> 00:35:38,867
TO PROTECT THEMSELVES
AGAINST RUSSIAN ATTACK
747
00:35:38,867 --> 00:35:40,867
SOUNDS A BIT NUTTY
ON THE SURFACE,
748
00:35:40,867 --> 00:35:42,767
BUT ACTUALLY,
THERE WAS A GOOD REASON
749
00:35:42,767 --> 00:35:45,433
WHY THEY DID THAT --
BECAUSE, IN 1864,
750
00:35:45,433 --> 00:35:49,667
THE TIMES REPORTED THAT
THE RUSSIAN PACIFICFLEETS
751
00:35:49,667 --> 00:35:50,933
WERE VERY MUCH A DANGER
752
00:35:50,933 --> 00:35:53,087
TO SHIPPING
RIGHT ACROSS THE PACIFIC.
753
00:35:53,087 --> 00:35:53,633
TO SHIPPING
RIGHT ACROSS THE PACIFIC.
754
00:35:53,633 --> 00:35:54,000
AND THEREFORE,
THE PURCHASE OF THE CERBERUS --
755
00:35:55,767 --> 00:35:58,633
WHICH WAS WAY AHEAD OF ITS TIME
IN TERMS OF MILITARY TECHNOLOGY,
756
00:35:58,633 --> 00:36:01,700
THIS IRONCLAD
WITH QUITE POWERFUL GUNS --
757
00:36:01,700 --> 00:36:03,833
WOULD HAVE PLAYED
A VERY PRACTICAL PURPOSE
758
00:36:03,833 --> 00:36:05,333
TO DETER THE RUSSIANS.
759
00:36:06,967 --> 00:36:09,567
Narrator: WILL THE WORLD'S
MOST POWERFUL WARSHIP
760
00:36:09,567 --> 00:36:12,367
STEM THE LOOMING THREAT
FROM RUSSIA?
761
00:36:12,367 --> 00:36:16,267
AND WHY IS THE CERBERUS
NOW UNDERWATER?
762
00:36:18,333 --> 00:36:19,000
*
763
00:36:23,733 --> 00:36:27,533
Narrator: ON THE EASTERN COAST
OF AUSTRALIA IS A SUNKEN WRECK
764
00:36:27,533 --> 00:36:29,467
THAT WAS ONCE
AT THE CUTTING EDGE
765
00:36:29,467 --> 00:36:32,367
OF DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY.
766
00:36:32,367 --> 00:36:35,500
COMMISSIONED TO DEFEND
AGAINST RUSSIAN INVASION
767
00:36:35,500 --> 00:36:38,900
AND WITH TWO HUGE
SOLID-IRON GUN TURRETS,
768
00:36:38,900 --> 00:36:43,933
HMVS CERBERUS IS ONE OF THE MOST
FORMIDABLE WEAPONS EVER BUILT.
769
00:36:43,933 --> 00:36:46,567
IT'S THE FORERUNNER
OF SOME OF THE 20th CENTURY'S
770
00:36:46,567 --> 00:36:48,242
MOST POWERFUL
AND DEADLY BATTLESHIPS.
771
00:36:48,242 --> 00:36:49,000
MOST POWERFUL
AND DEADLY BATTLESHIPS.
772
00:36:55,700 --> 00:36:57,167
THE GUNS ARE
ABSOLUTELY ENORMOUS.
773
00:36:57,167 --> 00:36:58,667
YOU CAN SEE THE SCALE
OF THE FIGURE HERE.
774
00:36:58,667 --> 00:37:00,267
THEY'RE ABOUT 18 TONS EACH.
775
00:37:00,267 --> 00:37:01,467
WOW.
776
00:37:01,467 --> 00:37:05,600
ABOUT 20 MEN WERE INSIDE THIS
IN A WARTIME OPERATION.
777
00:37:05,600 --> 00:37:08,067
TWO GUNS FROM THIS TURRET
IN THE WATER ON THE OTHER SIDE
778
00:37:08,067 --> 00:37:11,200
AND THE TWO FROM THE AFT TURRET
ON THE SEABOARD.
779
00:37:11,200 --> 00:37:13,600
AMAZING BIT
OF ARTILLERY.
780
00:37:13,600 --> 00:37:17,800
CERBERUS WAS THE ANSWER
TO THE AMERICAN USS MONITOR,
781
00:37:17,800 --> 00:37:18,242
A GREAT IMPROVEMENT
IN THAT SHE HAD
782
00:37:18,242 --> 00:37:19,000
A GREAT IMPROVEMENT
IN THAT SHE HAD
783
00:37:19,600 --> 00:37:22,467
A CENTRAL SUPERSTRUCTURE
KNOWN AS THE BREASTWORK.
784
00:37:22,467 --> 00:37:24,633
THIS ENABLED THE TURRETS
TO BE RAISED
785
00:37:24,633 --> 00:37:27,233
WELL OUT OF THE HARM'S WAY
OF WATER FLOODING THEM,
786
00:37:27,233 --> 00:37:30,067
WHICH IS WHAT HAD HAPPENED
TO THE USS MONITOR.
787
00:37:30,067 --> 00:37:31,933
ONE OF THE ADVANTAGES
CERBERUS HAD
788
00:37:31,933 --> 00:37:34,933
WAS THAT SHE COULD TAKE ON
490 TONS OF WATER,
789
00:37:34,933 --> 00:37:39,067
THEREBY LOWERING HER PROFILE
AND BEING A SMALLER TARGET.
790
00:37:39,067 --> 00:37:41,400
Bell: IF YOU PUT YOURSELF
IN THE SHOES OF A NAVAL ENGINEER
791
00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:43,067
IN THE MID-19th CENTURY,
792
00:37:43,067 --> 00:37:45,233
THE CHALLENGES
YOU'D COME UP AGAINST
793
00:37:45,233 --> 00:37:47,067
WOULD PROBABLY SEEM
ALMOST ENDLESS.
794
00:37:47,067 --> 00:37:48,242
IT'S NOT JUST CHANGING MATERIAL
OF THE HULL FROM WOOD TO IRON.
795
00:37:48,242 --> 00:37:49,000
IT'S NOT JUST CHANGING MATERIAL
OF THE HULL FROM WOOD TO IRON.
796
00:37:51,467 --> 00:37:53,900
YOU'VE THEN GOT TO THINK
ABOUT THE ARMOR.
797
00:37:53,900 --> 00:37:56,167
AND AS YOU CHANGE YOUR ARMOR
ON YOUR SHIPS,
798
00:37:56,167 --> 00:37:59,100
YOUR OPPONENTS WILL BE CHANGING
THEIR ARMOR ON THEIR SHIPS.
799
00:37:59,100 --> 00:38:01,767
SO THEN YOU NEED TO THINK
ABOUT YOUR FIREPOWER.
800
00:38:01,767 --> 00:38:04,267
YOU NEED TO BE ABLE
TO PIERCE THROUGH THEIR ARMOR.
801
00:38:04,267 --> 00:38:06,800
THAT'S A WHOLE NEW WAY
OF THINKING.
802
00:38:08,967 --> 00:38:13,133
Narrator: BUT AUSTRALIA FACES
AN EVEN GREATER PROBLEM.
803
00:38:13,133 --> 00:38:17,100
THE HMVS CERBERUS
IS MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN,
804
00:38:17,100 --> 00:38:18,242
AND IN 1870, GETTING THIS SHIP
TO AUSTRALIA IS NO EASY FEAT.
805
00:38:18,242 --> 00:38:19,000
AND IN 1870, GETTING THIS SHIP
TO AUSTRALIA IS NO EASY FEAT.
806
00:38:22,300 --> 00:38:24,100
THIS IRON WARSHIP,
807
00:38:24,100 --> 00:38:27,667
PRIMARILY DESIGNED
TO PATROL SHORELINE WATERS,
808
00:38:27,667 --> 00:38:32,133
MUST SAIL
A WHOPPING 10,000 MILES.
809
00:38:32,133 --> 00:38:35,133
TO GET IT THERE,
THEY ACTUALLY TOOK OUT THE GUNS
810
00:38:35,133 --> 00:38:36,700
AND SHIPPED THEM OVER SEPARATELY
811
00:38:36,700 --> 00:38:39,433
AND FILLED THE TURRETS
WITH COAL --
812
00:38:39,433 --> 00:38:43,067
COAL IN EVERY AVAILABLE SPACE
ON THIS SHIP --
813
00:38:43,067 --> 00:38:46,500
TO TRY AND MAKE SURE
THEY HAD ENOUGH FUEL
814
00:38:46,500 --> 00:38:48,242
TO COVER THE 10,000 MILES.
815
00:38:48,242 --> 00:38:49,000
TO COVER THE 10,000 MILES.
816
00:38:49,067 --> 00:38:51,833
BUT JUST IN CASE
THEY DIDN'T HAVE ENOUGH,
817
00:38:51,833 --> 00:38:53,667
WHAT DID THEY HAVE ON BOARD
818
00:38:53,667 --> 00:38:56,767
JUST AS A LITTLE BIT
OF EXTRA POWER?
819
00:38:56,767 --> 00:39:00,067
MASTS AND SAILS, REVERTING BACK
TO OLD TECHNOLOGY.
820
00:39:01,267 --> 00:39:04,667
Narrator: AFTER NEARLY
FIVE GRUELING MONTHS AT SEA,
821
00:39:04,667 --> 00:39:08,433
THE 10,000-TON CERBERUS
MAKES THE EPIC JOURNEY
822
00:39:08,433 --> 00:39:12,467
FROM ENGLAND
TO THE FAR END OF THE WORLD.
823
00:39:12,467 --> 00:39:17,833
BUT IT JUST GOES TO SHOW
HOW IMPRESSIVE THIS SHIP WAS
824
00:39:17,833 --> 00:39:18,242
AND THE ENGINEERS BEHIND IT.
825
00:39:18,242 --> 00:39:19,000
AND THE ENGINEERS BEHIND IT.
826
00:39:20,200 --> 00:39:22,733
THE WAR AND THE BATTLE
THAT THEY HAD TO FIGHT --
827
00:39:22,733 --> 00:39:27,067
NOT AGAINST A HUMAN ENEMY,BUT AGAINST A NATURAL ENEMY --
828
00:39:27,067 --> 00:39:30,233
TO GET THAT SHIP THAT FAR,
829
00:39:30,233 --> 00:39:32,067
A SHIP
THAT WAS ONLY REALLY DESIGNED
830
00:39:32,067 --> 00:39:36,167
EVER TO BE 30, 40 MILES AWAY
FROM A COASTLINE,
831
00:39:36,167 --> 00:39:37,867
IT'S AN IMPRESSIVE FEAT.
832
00:39:39,533 --> 00:39:40,867
Narrator:
THE AUSTRALIANS HOPE
833
00:39:40,867 --> 00:39:44,867
THIS IRONCLAD WAR-MACHINE
CAN DEFEND ITS WATERS
834
00:39:44,867 --> 00:39:48,242
FROM THE THREAT
OF THE GREAT RUSSIAN NAVY.
835
00:39:48,242 --> 00:39:48,467
FROM THE THREAT
OF THE GREAT RUSSIAN NAVY.
836
00:39:48,467 --> 00:39:49,000
FOR 50 YEARS,
837
00:39:50,067 --> 00:39:54,700
HMVS CERBERUS VALIANTLY GUARDS
THE AUSTRALIAN SHORELINE.
838
00:39:54,700 --> 00:40:00,600
AND PERHAPS NOT UNIRONICALLY,
THE RUSSIANS DON'T INVADE.
839
00:40:00,600 --> 00:40:03,800
CERBERUS, LIKE
THE NUCLEAR DETERRENT TODAY,
840
00:40:03,800 --> 00:40:04,867
WORKED VERY WELL.
841
00:40:04,867 --> 00:40:07,767
THE RUSSIANS NEVER CAME,
PEACE WAS PRESERVED,
842
00:40:07,767 --> 00:40:10,500
PORT PHILLIP HEAD
WAS NEVER BOMBARDED.
843
00:40:10,500 --> 00:40:11,933
Bell: IN HER DAY,
844
00:40:11,933 --> 00:40:14,867
CERBERUS WAS ONE OF THE MOST
POWERFUL WARSHIPS OUT THERE.
845
00:40:14,867 --> 00:40:17,967
IT COULD EASILY HAVE TAKEN CARE
OF HER CONTEMPORARIES.
846
00:40:17,967 --> 00:40:18,242
AS IT HAPPENED, SHE NEVER
HAD TO FIRE HER GUNS IN ANGER
847
00:40:18,242 --> 00:40:19,000
AS IT HAPPENED, SHE NEVER
HAD TO FIRE HER GUNS IN ANGER
848
00:40:21,500 --> 00:40:25,567
BECAUSE THE PACE OF TECHNOLOGY
PICKED UP SO QUICKLY,
849
00:40:25,567 --> 00:40:28,900
THE DESIGN OF BATTLESHIPS
MOVED ON ENORMOUSLY
850
00:40:28,900 --> 00:40:30,600
WITHIN A COUPLE OF DECADES.
851
00:40:30,600 --> 00:40:34,267
YOU WOULD NEVER HAVE GOT TO
WHERE THAT NAVAL TECHNOLOGY WENT
852
00:40:34,267 --> 00:40:36,200
WITHOUT THE DESIGN
AND ENGINEERING
853
00:40:36,200 --> 00:40:39,600
THAT WENT INTO
DESIGNING CERBERUS.
854
00:40:39,600 --> 00:40:41,467
SHE WAS PART
OF THAT ITERATIVE PROCESS
855
00:40:41,467 --> 00:40:44,367
TO GET TO
THE WORLD WAR I BATTLESHIPS.
856
00:40:44,367 --> 00:40:48,242
Narrator: BY 1918, AT THE END
OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR,
857
00:40:48,242 --> 00:40:48,733
Narrator: BY 1918, AT THE END
OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR,
858
00:40:48,733 --> 00:40:49,000
CERBERUS HAS STILL NEVER
FIRED HER GUNS IN BATTLE.
859
00:40:52,567 --> 00:40:57,400
AS MORE ADVANCED BATTLESHIPS
EMERGE, SHE IS NO LONGER NEEDED.
860
00:40:59,400 --> 00:41:01,067
SO, WHAT CAN YOU DO
861
00:41:01,067 --> 00:41:05,267
WITH 10,000 TONS
OF FLOATING IRON AND STEEL?
862
00:41:05,267 --> 00:41:07,767
THE AUSTRALIANS SINK IT
863
00:41:07,767 --> 00:41:10,200
AND TURN IT INTO
A COASTAL BREAKWATER
864
00:41:10,200 --> 00:41:12,467
TO PROTECT THE HARBOR.
865
00:41:12,467 --> 00:41:14,400
Smith: CERBERUS WAS LUCKY
THAT IT SURVIVED
866
00:41:14,400 --> 00:41:16,200
BECAUSE IT HAD BEEN MOTHBALLED
867
00:41:16,200 --> 00:41:18,067
IN THE PORT OF MELBOURNE
FOR MANY YEARS,
868
00:41:18,067 --> 00:41:18,242
AND THAT SAVED IT, REALLY.
869
00:41:18,242 --> 00:41:19,000
AND THAT SAVED IT, REALLY.
870
00:41:19,500 --> 00:41:21,100
AND THEN THE OPPORTUNITY CAME
871
00:41:21,100 --> 00:41:24,333
TO SINK THE VESSEL HERE
AS A BREAKWATER.
872
00:41:24,333 --> 00:41:25,900
THE DEFENDER OF THE HARBOR
873
00:41:25,900 --> 00:41:28,633
BECAME THE DEFENDER
OF THE COASTLINE.
874
00:41:28,633 --> 00:41:30,800
FOR ME, CERBERUS IS
SO MUCH MORE NOW
875
00:41:30,800 --> 00:41:34,700
THAN A RUSTBUCKET
BEING DUMPED OUT AT SEA.
876
00:41:34,700 --> 00:41:38,533
IT MARKS THE VERY START
OF VICTORIAN ENGINEERING
877
00:41:38,533 --> 00:41:42,100
AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
BEING APPLIED AT SEA
878
00:41:42,100 --> 00:41:44,700
IN A MILITARY SENSE.
879
00:41:44,700 --> 00:41:47,467
ALL THAT KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILL AND DRIVE
880
00:41:47,467 --> 00:41:48,242
THAT THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
HAD ON OUR SHORES,
881
00:41:48,242 --> 00:41:49,000
THAT THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
HAD ON OUR SHORES,
882
00:41:49,700 --> 00:41:54,133
THE METAL-ROLLING,
DEVELOPMENT OF STEAM TECHNOLOGY,
883
00:41:54,133 --> 00:41:55,467
ALL IN ONE PLACE
884
00:41:55,467 --> 00:41:59,700
THAT WE RULED THE WAVES WITH
FOR DECADES AND DECADES TO COME.
885
00:41:59,700 --> 00:42:03,433
AND CERBERUS, THEN, NOW,
IS A REMINDER OF THAT.
71300
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