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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:10,890 --> 00:00:12,558 Who was Sam Fuller? 2 00:00:13,726 --> 00:00:16,062 He was a teenage crime reporter. 3 00:00:16,145 --> 00:00:18,940 Then a hotshot Hollywood screenwriter 4 00:00:19,023 --> 00:00:23,778 who gave up a life of ease to join the United States Infantry. 5 00:00:24,779 --> 00:00:29,075 He was the only soldier to have ever stormed the beaches of Normandy on D-Day 6 00:00:29,158 --> 00:00:32,119 who went on to re-create the battle on film. 7 00:00:33,204 --> 00:00:36,749 He was a prolific filmmaker with a bold style, 8 00:00:36,832 --> 00:00:41,420 a magnet for controversy, a poet of the American idiom. 9 00:00:42,296 --> 00:00:44,924 Sam Fuller was my father. 10 00:00:45,967 --> 00:00:48,928 Before he died at the age of 85, 11 00:00:49,011 --> 00:00:53,182 he wrote about his life in a memoir titled A Third Face. 12 00:00:54,267 --> 00:00:57,311 In this film you'll see friends and admirers of Sam 13 00:00:57,395 --> 00:00:59,188 reading from his memoir. 14 00:00:59,272 --> 00:01:01,190 You'll see clips from his movies. 15 00:01:01,274 --> 00:01:02,817 But not only that. 16 00:01:02,900 --> 00:01:07,280 Last summer I found over 100 16-millimeter reels of film 17 00:01:07,363 --> 00:01:09,949 under the desk in this office -- 18 00:01:10,032 --> 00:01:14,745 home movies and footage he shot on the front lines during World War ll. 19 00:01:15,580 --> 00:01:18,916 Many of these films have never been seen before. 20 00:01:19,792 --> 00:01:24,547 Every word spoken in this film was written by Sam Fuller, 21 00:01:24,630 --> 00:01:26,215 my dad. 22 00:01:36,017 --> 00:01:38,894 - [whistle blows] - [Fuller] Quiet! 23 00:01:38,978 --> 00:01:40,646 All right, roll it. 24 00:01:42,064 --> 00:01:43,566 - Speed! - [clapper board claps] 25 00:01:46,152 --> 00:01:47,945 [gunshot] 26 00:01:48,029 --> 00:01:49,280 Action! 27 00:01:52,199 --> 00:01:54,452 [man] Well, you started in as a copyboy, I see. 28 00:01:54,535 --> 00:01:56,537 [Fuller] Yeah, when I was 14. 29 00:01:57,496 --> 00:02:00,583 [man 2] Freedom of the press means freedom to tell the truth. 30 00:02:00,666 --> 00:02:05,379 [man 3] The Liberty pedestal fund! Extree! Read all about it! Extree! 31 00:02:05,463 --> 00:02:07,840 [man 4] if you ask me, it's news. 32 00:02:09,425 --> 00:02:11,469 [man 5] Everyman wants to get to the top of his profession. 33 00:02:11,552 --> 00:02:13,471 Mine is winning the Pulitzer Prize! 34 00:02:13,554 --> 00:02:15,890 If this story doesn't do it, nothing ever will. 35 00:02:15,973 --> 00:02:19,477 - [man 6] He's a newspaperman. - [man 7] And the best! 36 00:02:32,198 --> 00:02:35,451 [man 8] What about you, Griff? You gonna be a cartoonist for a big newspaper or somethin'? 37 00:02:35,534 --> 00:02:36,911 [Griff] Mm-hmm. 38 00:02:38,829 --> 00:02:42,041 [man 9] That's my book. I wrote it, baby face. 39 00:02:44,585 --> 00:02:47,922 [man 10] It's the Big Red One. 40 00:02:49,590 --> 00:02:52,218 [man 11 ] Aw, be smart. There's nothing like the infantry. 41 00:02:53,511 --> 00:02:57,390 [man 12] You're lucky you never got hurt where it doesn't show. 42 00:02:57,473 --> 00:02:59,558 [man 13] All of us got hurt where it doesn't show. 43 00:03:01,268 --> 00:03:03,521 - [man 14] It was legal. - [woman] It was murder. 44 00:03:03,604 --> 00:03:05,606 [man 14] Don't look at it that way. 45 00:03:07,191 --> 00:03:09,360 [man 15] Nobody knows where we are except the enemy. 46 00:03:09,443 --> 00:03:11,696 [man 16] He was a GI retread from World War ll. 47 00:03:11,779 --> 00:03:17,326 Fought through North Africa and Sicily and all through Europe up to Czechoslovakia. 48 00:03:17,410 --> 00:03:19,370 [man 17] There are two kinds of men on this beach -- 49 00:03:19,453 --> 00:03:22,665 those who are dead and those who are about to die. 50 00:03:22,748 --> 00:03:25,000 [man 18] When you lead, you have to hurt people -- 51 00:03:25,084 --> 00:03:26,961 the enemy, and sometimes your own. 52 00:03:27,044 --> 00:03:28,629 [man 19] if you die, I'll kill you! 53 00:03:28,713 --> 00:03:32,675 [man 20] All right, everybody, on your feet. If you can breathe, you can fight. 54 00:03:32,758 --> 00:03:34,719 [man 21 ] War's been over for four hours. 55 00:03:37,930 --> 00:03:41,600 [Buck Henry as Fuller] By the end of the ' 40s, I decided that I could direct my yarns 56 00:03:41,684 --> 00:03:44,145 as well as anybody else, maybe even better. 57 00:03:44,228 --> 00:03:46,814 [man 22] I got a great part for you in my next picture. 58 00:03:46,897 --> 00:03:49,984 - [boy] Bullet in head, yes? - [man 23] Bullet in head, no. 59 00:04:01,370 --> 00:04:05,958 [man 24] It's tragic to remain a living legend. People only respect the dead. 60 00:04:06,792 --> 00:04:12,256 Often I feel guilty for taking such a long time to die. 61 00:04:12,965 --> 00:04:16,552 [man 25] Every girl is beautiful, until they kill somebody. 62 00:04:16,635 --> 00:04:20,431 [man 26] I'll say one thing - - he sure knew how to die. 63 00:04:20,514 --> 00:04:24,018 - [man 27] That's a white dog! - [man 28] Julie, you got a four-legged time bomb! 64 00:04:24,101 --> 00:04:27,271 [man 29] They tried to brainwash me, but I was a bad subject. 65 00:04:27,980 --> 00:04:29,982 [man 30] Give the man a cigar. 66 00:04:33,736 --> 00:04:36,489 - [woman 2] So long, tiger. - [man 31 ] Good luck, muffin. 67 00:04:52,254 --> 00:04:54,632 [footsteps] 68 00:05:17,530 --> 00:05:19,448 [Franco] "New York City in the early '20s 69 00:05:19,532 --> 00:05:23,160 seemed like a human beehive to my 11-year-old eyes, 70 00:05:23,244 --> 00:05:27,122 with hustling, bustling people everywhere urging you forward, 71 00:05:27,206 --> 00:05:32,044 vendors shouting, taxis, double-decker buses, trucks, 72 00:05:32,127 --> 00:05:35,089 and horse-drawn carts jockeying for position 73 00:05:35,172 --> 00:05:37,174 on cobblestone streets. 74 00:05:37,258 --> 00:05:42,012 Subways roaring underground, elevated trains overhead. 75 00:05:42,096 --> 00:05:45,599 New York made me dizzy with expectations. 76 00:05:45,683 --> 00:05:47,935 We settled in an apartment my mother found for us 77 00:05:48,018 --> 00:05:50,771 in a modest neighborhood on the Upper West Side 78 00:05:50,855 --> 00:05:52,481 not far from the Hudson. 79 00:05:53,148 --> 00:05:56,443 We all found jobs to pull our weight and support the family. 80 00:05:56,527 --> 00:06:01,198 In those days, kids of all ages sold newspapers on busy corners. 81 00:06:01,282 --> 00:06:05,703 I asked a boy on the street where I could find out about becoming a vendor 82 00:06:05,786 --> 00:06:10,040 and getting one of those official wooden buttons that said 'newsboy. ' 83 00:06:10,708 --> 00:06:12,376 'Park Row, ' said the kid. 84 00:06:13,586 --> 00:06:17,798 I made it down to Park Row, the heart of the newspaper business in Manhattan 85 00:06:17,882 --> 00:06:20,175 not far from the Brooklyn Bridge. 86 00:06:20,259 --> 00:06:23,345 Kids were everywhere, getting their allotments of evening newspapers 87 00:06:23,429 --> 00:06:25,973 to take out into the streets to sell. 88 00:06:26,056 --> 00:06:27,808 I felt right at home. 89 00:06:27,892 --> 00:06:30,769 For a penny apiece I bought copies of five dailies 90 00:06:30,853 --> 00:06:32,980 with the change I had in my pocket. 91 00:06:33,063 --> 00:06:36,901 I got back on the subway and found a street corner near Grand Central. 92 00:06:36,984 --> 00:06:42,031 At two cents each, the newspapers sold out before I knew what had happened. 93 00:06:42,114 --> 00:06:44,658 From then on, as soon as school let out every afternoon, 94 00:06:44,742 --> 00:06:46,577 I'd hurry downtown to Park Row 95 00:06:46,660 --> 00:06:49,914 and get all the dailies I could carry in my shoulder pouch. 96 00:06:49,997 --> 00:06:53,876 Any street corner would be good enough to hawk my papers. 97 00:06:53,959 --> 00:06:57,880 When I sold out, I'd rush home to give the profits to my mother, 98 00:06:57,963 --> 00:07:02,760 have dinner, and collapse into the bed I shared with my brothers. 99 00:07:03,344 --> 00:07:06,430 Still shy of my 13th birthday, 100 00:07:06,513 --> 00:07:10,768 I shoehorned my way into the heart of the newspaper world. 101 00:07:10,851 --> 00:07:15,606 On Park Row, surrounded by adults in the high-energy pursuit of news, 102 00:07:15,689 --> 00:07:20,110 I was growin' up fast, mostly learning about the darker side of humanity. 103 00:07:21,028 --> 00:07:23,572 I was burning inside to be a crime reporter, 104 00:07:23,656 --> 00:07:27,368 only going through the motions of school to please my mother. 105 00:07:27,451 --> 00:07:31,080 One day I pleaded with my illustrious boss to put me on the street 106 00:07:31,163 --> 00:07:33,415 and let me cover crime stories for the Journal. 107 00:07:34,208 --> 00:07:37,294 'You're much too young, my boy, ' said Brisbane. 108 00:07:37,378 --> 00:07:39,838 'You have to be at least 21 for that kind of job. 109 00:07:39,922 --> 00:07:44,635 It would be irresponsible for me to let you hang around precinct stations 110 00:07:44,718 --> 00:07:47,554 or go to prisons to interview criminals. 111 00:07:47,638 --> 00:07:49,890 Crime reporting is tough work. 112 00:07:49,974 --> 00:07:52,059 You're far too young for it.' 113 00:07:54,895 --> 00:07:57,314 'But I've tagged along with reporters. 114 00:07:57,398 --> 00:08:00,067 I've been to murder scenes. I've been to the morgue. 115 00:08:00,150 --> 00:08:03,988 I've watched how they talk to the police, to witnesses, how they get their stories. 116 00:08:04,697 --> 00:08:06,991 You know how fast I am, Mr. Brisbane. 117 00:08:07,074 --> 00:08:10,619 Just give me a chance. I can learn. Please."' 118 00:08:13,831 --> 00:08:17,668 John, you've got to be crazy to want to be committed to an insane asylum to solve a murder. 119 00:08:17,751 --> 00:08:19,670 Even if I don't crack this case, honey, 120 00:08:19,753 --> 00:08:23,090 my experiences alone will make a book, a play, or even a movie sale. 121 00:08:23,173 --> 00:08:25,592 Every man wants to get to the top of his profession. 122 00:08:25,676 --> 00:08:29,555 Mine is winning the Pulitzer Prize. If this story doesn't do it, nothing ever will. 123 00:08:30,305 --> 00:08:33,142 The last reporter I had on this floor was Ben Franklin. 124 00:08:33,225 --> 00:08:35,686 - That egghead gave me more trouble than -- - Come on, Mr. Barrett. 125 00:08:35,769 --> 00:08:37,730 Born phonies, all you newspapermen. 126 00:08:37,813 --> 00:08:39,732 You came at the "make friends" hour. 127 00:08:47,740 --> 00:08:51,493 "A hell of a lot of time as a crime reporter is spent with cops, 128 00:08:51,577 --> 00:08:52,828 either at the crime scene 129 00:08:52,911 --> 00:08:54,663 or at the station house. 130 00:08:54,747 --> 00:08:57,082 The police were essential sources of information, 131 00:08:57,166 --> 00:09:01,503 though sometimes unwilling to give reporters a lead on a breaking story. 132 00:09:02,171 --> 00:09:04,339 I used to walk from one precinct to another, 133 00:09:04,423 --> 00:09:06,967 slipping sticks of chewing gum to the desk sergeants 134 00:09:07,051 --> 00:09:09,553 in exchange for something newsworthy. 135 00:09:09,636 --> 00:09:13,307 After I started smoking cigars, I'd give out cigars. 136 00:09:13,974 --> 00:09:15,809 That worked much better. 137 00:09:15,893 --> 00:09:18,854 When I first met him Gene Fowler was in his late 30s, 138 00:09:18,937 --> 00:09:21,815 one of the most well-known journalists on Park Row. 139 00:09:22,733 --> 00:09:25,944 I was 16, still a copyboy, 140 00:09:26,028 --> 00:09:28,030 and he took me under his wing. 141 00:09:28,113 --> 00:09:29,907 Hell if I know why. 142 00:09:29,990 --> 00:09:34,078 Maybe because he saw in me his own early passion for the newspaper business." 143 00:09:34,661 --> 00:09:36,371 Any chance of a replay? 144 00:09:36,455 --> 00:09:38,457 Any chance of a bonus? 145 00:09:38,540 --> 00:09:41,168 Any of these make the cover, you'll get a cigar. 146 00:09:43,295 --> 00:09:46,006 "Fowler was there for me when I made reporter. 147 00:09:46,090 --> 00:09:48,467 I desperately needed a father figure. 148 00:09:48,550 --> 00:09:50,219 Home had become hell. 149 00:09:50,302 --> 00:09:55,224 My mother and I were in constant conflict about my lifestyle and career choice. 150 00:09:55,307 --> 00:09:59,770 My coming home night after night looking less and less like a reporter 151 00:09:59,853 --> 00:10:02,940 and more and more like one of the criminals I'd been covering 152 00:10:03,023 --> 00:10:07,569 was a continual source of anxiety and disappointment for the poor woman." 153 00:10:09,947 --> 00:10:11,698 How 'bout a ride to the morgue, Pete? 154 00:10:11,782 --> 00:10:16,286 "I'd been hanging around the morgue so much that my clothes stank of formaldehyde, 155 00:10:16,370 --> 00:10:19,581 the fragrance of death clinging to my threadbare suit. 156 00:10:20,415 --> 00:10:24,628 'Why can't you get a job with a more respectable paper with normal working hours?' 157 00:10:24,711 --> 00:10:26,255 my mother asked. 158 00:10:26,338 --> 00:10:29,675 'Why do you have to be out all night, chasing around after criminals, 159 00:10:29,758 --> 00:10:32,594 following the police, hanging around the morgue?' 160 00:10:33,428 --> 00:10:36,932 'Because this is my work, Mother, ' I said curtly. 161 00:10:37,015 --> 00:10:39,351 'You're like a vulture. ' 162 00:10:39,434 --> 00:10:44,356 'I like being a vulture, ' I said, slamming the door on my way out. 163 00:10:45,190 --> 00:10:49,528 To her, I was wasting my life at a sordid job. 164 00:10:49,611 --> 00:10:53,699 To me, I was fortunate enough to spend my days and nights 165 00:10:53,782 --> 00:10:58,328 at the most scintillating profession on earth and get paid for it. 166 00:10:59,037 --> 00:11:04,126 Gene was not only giving me firsthand lessons in his incorrigible zest for life. 167 00:11:04,209 --> 00:11:07,963 He was giving me valuable pointers on being a good reporter. 168 00:11:08,630 --> 00:11:10,966 'Writing is easy, ' he used to say. 169 00:11:11,049 --> 00:11:14,219 'All you do is stare at a blank sheet of paper 170 00:11:14,303 --> 00:11:17,389 until drops of blood form on your forehead. 171 00:11:18,056 --> 00:11:21,602 You're on the right track now, my lad, ' Fowler said. 172 00:11:21,685 --> 00:11:26,148 'But when you cover a murder case, give your articles more spice. 173 00:11:26,231 --> 00:11:29,484 Spend time alone with the criminal. Get some personal stuff. 174 00:11:29,568 --> 00:11:33,947 A story from his childhood, anything that connects the reader. 175 00:11:34,031 --> 00:11:35,657 No matter how violent the crime, 176 00:11:35,741 --> 00:11:39,411 if the bastard has a pet canary or sends love poems to his mother -- 177 00:11:39,494 --> 00:11:41,622 some human interest angle. 178 00:11:41,705 --> 00:11:43,373 Then follow the trial step by step, 179 00:11:43,457 --> 00:11:46,543 never letting up on the heart-tugging details. 180 00:11:46,627 --> 00:11:49,129 If the guy ends up frying in the chair at Sing Sing, 181 00:11:49,213 --> 00:11:53,217 then write it so strong that the reader can smell his flesh burning, 182 00:11:54,009 --> 00:11:55,886 even if the criminal is a woman.' 183 00:11:56,887 --> 00:12:00,766 To watch a gruesome spectacle turns all your insides upside down. 184 00:12:01,642 --> 00:12:05,646 The first execution was followed by one after another, 185 00:12:05,729 --> 00:12:11,693 until after half a dozen more of those revolting, state-approved killings 186 00:12:11,777 --> 00:12:13,779 I couldn't take it anymore. 187 00:12:14,488 --> 00:12:17,741 I begged my editor to send somebody else to Sing Sing. 188 00:12:18,617 --> 00:12:21,453 'You wanted to be a crime reporter, didn't you?' he said. 189 00:12:21,536 --> 00:12:25,249 'This is how society makes murderers pay for their crimes. 190 00:12:25,332 --> 00:12:27,167 You've got to cover them, Sammy. ' 191 00:12:28,252 --> 00:12:31,296 'Give me anything else, even a hanging, ' I pleaded. 192 00:12:32,464 --> 00:12:34,675 'Get a job in another state. 193 00:12:34,758 --> 00:12:36,969 Here the bastards get the chair."' 194 00:12:39,304 --> 00:12:43,392 "I knew plenty about big-city crime and state executions... 195 00:12:44,434 --> 00:12:49,982 at Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and everywhere in between. 196 00:12:50,941 --> 00:12:53,193 Just names on a map to me. 197 00:12:53,277 --> 00:12:58,407 I figured I could hit the road and work my way across the country as a freelance reporter. 198 00:12:58,490 --> 00:13:01,076 One of my heroes, Mark Twain, had made his business 199 00:13:01,159 --> 00:13:05,956 to know about the people and places that made this country great 200 00:13:06,039 --> 00:13:07,791 by sailing the Mississippi. 201 00:13:07,874 --> 00:13:09,334 [steamboat whistle blowing] 202 00:13:09,418 --> 00:13:14,089 It was time for me to get a little firsthand American experience too. 203 00:13:15,173 --> 00:13:18,343 I started by hitchhiking rides on a truck or a freight train. 204 00:13:18,427 --> 00:13:23,849 I was going my way, my typewriter tied to my backpack with a cord. 205 00:13:23,932 --> 00:13:28,186 I ended up spending most of my time with people who had no real home. 206 00:13:28,270 --> 00:13:33,233 Everywhere I traveled, the poor were trying to make the best of a nasty situation. 207 00:13:33,317 --> 00:13:36,903 Even those with homes and steady jobs lived in miserable conditions, 208 00:13:36,987 --> 00:13:38,530 almost impossible to understand 209 00:13:38,613 --> 00:13:42,743 with the level of affluence we have in America nowadays. 210 00:13:42,826 --> 00:13:45,245 This was the low point of the Depression, 211 00:13:45,329 --> 00:13:48,540 before anyone had heard of rural electrification, 212 00:13:48,623 --> 00:13:52,252 agricultural relief, or Social Security. [scoffs] 213 00:13:52,961 --> 00:13:57,758 I wrote articles and drew cartoons about so many different Americans -- 214 00:13:57,841 --> 00:14:01,511 coalminers in West Virginia, cowboys in Oklahoma, 215 00:14:01,595 --> 00:14:04,222 crab fishermen in Louisiana, cotton pickers in Georgia, 216 00:14:04,306 --> 00:14:08,143 milk farmers in Illinois, railroad workers in Florida. 217 00:14:09,478 --> 00:14:12,522 My stuff was published regularly. 218 00:14:12,606 --> 00:14:18,612 A decent check would be waiting for me at the local newspaper office in the next city, 219 00:14:18,695 --> 00:14:20,405 along with my itinerary. 220 00:14:20,489 --> 00:14:22,908 'To Samuel Fuller. 221 00:14:24,117 --> 00:14:25,827 Freelance.' 222 00:14:25,911 --> 00:14:29,373 I was connected to my country like never before. 223 00:14:30,499 --> 00:14:32,542 Young people, 224 00:14:32,626 --> 00:14:34,920 if you want to understand America, 225 00:14:35,003 --> 00:14:39,424 get off your asses and go see it for yourselves. 226 00:14:40,384 --> 00:14:43,970 It's a big, breathtaking place. 227 00:14:44,930 --> 00:14:48,350 My travels took me across the country to the West Coast, 228 00:14:48,433 --> 00:14:50,560 ending up in San Francisco. 229 00:14:50,644 --> 00:14:54,106 There I found a temporary job as a crime reporter at the Chronicle 230 00:14:54,189 --> 00:14:56,274 and stayed for a while. 231 00:14:56,358 --> 00:15:00,278 I was in Frisco in 1934 when the general strike was called. 232 00:15:00,362 --> 00:15:02,572 It grew out of a labor dispute on the docks 233 00:15:02,656 --> 00:15:05,617 and spread like wildfire as the strike date approached. 234 00:15:05,700 --> 00:15:08,245 Food supplies trickled into the city, 235 00:15:08,328 --> 00:15:11,248 then ceased being delivered altogether 236 00:15:11,331 --> 00:15:14,042 when trucks, trains, and ships stopped running. 237 00:15:14,835 --> 00:15:17,212 Hospitals closed their doors to the sick. 238 00:15:17,295 --> 00:15:20,048 Garbage piled up on the street corners. 239 00:15:20,132 --> 00:15:23,301 Public transportation ground to a complete halt. 240 00:15:23,385 --> 00:15:27,347 Public order had totally broken down. 241 00:15:27,431 --> 00:15:30,725 As a reporter in New York I'd seen a race riot in Harlem 242 00:15:30,809 --> 00:15:32,727 with people looting stores for food, 243 00:15:32,811 --> 00:15:38,567 but that was nothing next to the panic and desperation 244 00:15:38,650 --> 00:15:44,448 of the 1934 strike in San Francisco. 245 00:15:45,157 --> 00:15:47,325 I saw corpses in the streets 246 00:15:47,409 --> 00:15:51,913 that weren't even picked up by the city morgue. 247 00:15:52,956 --> 00:15:55,876 My articles for the Chronicle described the hunger, 248 00:15:55,959 --> 00:15:59,963 the violence and anarchy I saw firsthand. 249 00:16:00,046 --> 00:16:02,507 There were many angry reactions. 250 00:16:02,591 --> 00:16:05,927 People thought the scenes like those I described 251 00:16:06,011 --> 00:16:10,515 just couldn't take place in America, but they did. 252 00:16:10,599 --> 00:16:14,227 It was the first time I realized 253 00:16:14,311 --> 00:16:17,647 how much human behavior was controlled 254 00:16:17,731 --> 00:16:20,567 by the belly, not the brain. 255 00:16:21,234 --> 00:16:26,490 When people hear the growling of their empty stomachs in their own homes, 256 00:16:26,573 --> 00:16:31,328 it will soon turn into screams heard in their own cities 257 00:16:31,411 --> 00:16:34,414 and, finally, a roar throughout their country. 258 00:16:34,498 --> 00:16:40,045 At the root of a social upheaval was poverty and hunger, 259 00:16:40,128 --> 00:16:43,215 breeding discontent and hatred. 260 00:16:46,134 --> 00:16:47,761 Hatred... 261 00:16:49,971 --> 00:16:51,973 was also born of fear. 262 00:16:55,393 --> 00:16:57,604 For a real eye-opener... 263 00:16:59,231 --> 00:17:01,149 there was nothing that could surpass 264 00:17:01,233 --> 00:17:03,985 the Ku Klux... 265 00:17:05,237 --> 00:17:09,282 Klan meetings I covered in Little Rock." 266 00:17:10,700 --> 00:17:12,536 What's that? 267 00:17:12,619 --> 00:17:15,288 A sign of the invisible empire. 268 00:17:16,373 --> 00:17:20,210 That's a cyclos, from the Greek word kýklos. 269 00:17:20,293 --> 00:17:21,962 Means "circle." 270 00:17:23,296 --> 00:17:26,424 This baptizes a new organization -- 271 00:17:26,508 --> 00:17:27,926 the Ku Klux. 272 00:17:28,760 --> 00:17:30,971 - Sounds good. - No. 273 00:17:33,557 --> 00:17:36,601 Ku Klux Klan. 274 00:17:36,685 --> 00:17:39,646 Sounds more mysterious, more menacing, more alliterative. 275 00:17:39,729 --> 00:17:42,107 Ku Klux Klan. Say it. 276 00:17:42,190 --> 00:17:43,191 "Ku Klux Klan." 277 00:17:43,275 --> 00:17:44,192 - KKK. - KKK. 278 00:17:44,276 --> 00:17:45,777 It'll catch on quick. 279 00:17:46,778 --> 00:17:51,533 "My editor at American Weekly had sent me to the cradle of the Klan 280 00:17:51,616 --> 00:17:57,080 to write a firsthand report about their strange rituals. 281 00:17:57,581 --> 00:18:02,377 I got to Little Rock and was tipped off where the Klan held their secret meetings. 282 00:18:02,460 --> 00:18:06,715 One night I found myself surrounded by 30 KKK members 283 00:18:06,798 --> 00:18:10,468 wearing white sheets and parading around a burning cross. 284 00:18:10,844 --> 00:18:14,723 It was an overwhelming spectacle that left me depressed 285 00:18:14,806 --> 00:18:17,017 and disillusioned that... 286 00:18:17,100 --> 00:18:20,103 this could happen in America. 287 00:18:20,770 --> 00:18:24,482 In my article about the KKK I wrote about their hate-filled speeches, 288 00:18:24,566 --> 00:18:26,943 contrasting their rancorous words 289 00:18:27,027 --> 00:18:30,530 with the spectacle of a woman in a Klan costume 290 00:18:30,614 --> 00:18:32,907 nursing her newborn baby. 291 00:18:32,991 --> 00:18:36,953 The woman's face was hidden under that ridiculous pillowcase 292 00:18:37,037 --> 00:18:41,499 with holes cut out for a nose and eyes. 293 00:18:41,583 --> 00:18:44,878 She slowly opened the robe 294 00:18:44,961 --> 00:18:48,715 to put her breast into the mouth of the little baby, 295 00:18:49,341 --> 00:18:52,344 the Ku Klux Klan members screaming radical rubbish 296 00:18:52,427 --> 00:18:56,598 while the mother gave sweet sustenance to the infant. 297 00:18:58,767 --> 00:19:03,980 My editor at the American Weekly cut that part of the woman's nursing her baby 298 00:19:04,064 --> 00:19:06,483 because it sounded so farfetched. 299 00:19:07,651 --> 00:19:10,445 When I saw the published version of my article, 300 00:19:10,528 --> 00:19:14,741 I was so upset that I -- I called him to complain, 301 00:19:14,824 --> 00:19:18,411 making sure the operator reversed the charges. 302 00:19:18,495 --> 00:19:24,250 'The way I wrote it was just the way it was, ' I said. 303 00:19:26,086 --> 00:19:29,923 'Should've taken photos of the woman with the baby, ' said the editor. 304 00:19:30,715 --> 00:19:32,676 'I'm a newspaperman, goddamn it, 305 00:19:32,759 --> 00:19:35,512 not a goddamn photographer!' 306 00:19:41,226 --> 00:19:43,061 My editor was right, though. 307 00:19:45,230 --> 00:19:46,314 A picture... 308 00:19:47,107 --> 00:19:48,733 would have made my words believable. 309 00:19:48,817 --> 00:19:52,028 In fact, a photo of the Klan woman nursing a baby 310 00:19:52,112 --> 00:19:54,948 would have been more powerful than all my words." 311 00:19:55,615 --> 00:19:57,575 [chuckles] 312 00:19:57,659 --> 00:19:59,327 Free, white, and Christian, huh? 313 00:20:02,372 --> 00:20:06,209 Burning crosses and hiding under pillowcases and terrorizing families. 314 00:20:06,292 --> 00:20:07,961 Free, white, and Christian? 315 00:20:08,044 --> 00:20:10,046 I don't know anything about that, sir. 316 00:20:11,214 --> 00:20:13,258 Oh, yeah. It's always the other fella. 317 00:20:13,341 --> 00:20:15,552 "Then and there I found... 318 00:20:15,635 --> 00:20:17,554 a cheap camera -- [chuckles] 319 00:20:19,514 --> 00:20:23,059 in a pawnshop and began taking pictures to accompany my stories, 320 00:20:23,143 --> 00:20:28,690 and I -- I was beginning to realize that I could better convey emotions... 321 00:20:28,773 --> 00:20:31,151 with words and images. 322 00:20:31,234 --> 00:20:33,737 And not just any image, 323 00:20:33,820 --> 00:20:36,030 but the precise image 324 00:20:36,114 --> 00:20:39,492 that captured a multitude of emotions 325 00:20:39,576 --> 00:20:41,995 in a frozen instant." 326 00:20:51,254 --> 00:20:53,214 "What I really wanted to do 327 00:20:53,298 --> 00:20:55,091 was turn out a book. 328 00:20:55,175 --> 00:20:58,511 I'd started writing fiction while I was on the road. 329 00:20:58,595 --> 00:21:04,058 I was about 22 when I finished my first novel, burn, Baby, burn! 330 00:21:05,477 --> 00:21:08,772 As Clare Booth Luce once said about the '30s, 331 00:21:08,855 --> 00:21:13,318 'Anyone who isn't thoroughly confused isn't thinking clearly.' 332 00:21:14,235 --> 00:21:17,781 It was a time of chaos and bewilderment 333 00:21:17,864 --> 00:21:22,827 that helped me discover in myself a profound and unwavering commitment 334 00:21:22,911 --> 00:21:25,163 to democratic principles. 335 00:21:25,246 --> 00:21:28,792 Smack in the middle of the period's upheavals, 336 00:21:28,875 --> 00:21:30,543 Hollywood came calling. 337 00:21:30,627 --> 00:21:33,004 I had plenty of yarns up my sleeve, 338 00:21:33,087 --> 00:21:36,174 so I decided to take a trip out to the West Coast 339 00:21:36,257 --> 00:21:42,055 and finally take a serious dip in Hollywood's seductive waters. 340 00:21:42,138 --> 00:21:47,393 A few days after my arrival I had an invitation to have lunch with Gene Fowler, 341 00:21:47,477 --> 00:21:49,646 who was now at RKO. 342 00:21:49,729 --> 00:21:53,316 'You oughta do fine around here, Sammy, ' he told me. 343 00:21:53,399 --> 00:21:56,236 See, by 1941 I was doing pretty well in Hollywood, 344 00:21:56,319 --> 00:21:59,739 selling stories and scripts one after the other. 345 00:21:59,823 --> 00:22:03,493 Yet I considered my stay in Hollywood as temporary. 346 00:22:03,576 --> 00:22:07,497 Deep down in my heart I always dreamed of being an editor-in-chief" 347 00:22:08,581 --> 00:22:11,793 - Know what I'd do if I had a paper? - Ah, here we go again. 348 00:22:11,876 --> 00:22:16,673 "It always seemed that I had one foot in and one foot out of the movie business. 349 00:22:16,756 --> 00:22:20,426 The way they rewrote my scripts made me increasingly dissatisfied 350 00:22:20,510 --> 00:22:22,595 with just being a screenwriter. 351 00:22:22,679 --> 00:22:24,597 I no longer could watch a film 352 00:22:24,681 --> 00:22:27,851 without questioning the director's judgment." 353 00:22:30,687 --> 00:22:33,982 Hey, cut down that wind. I didn't ask for a hurricane. 354 00:22:34,065 --> 00:22:37,569 "Figuring out how a particular shot could have been improved. 355 00:22:37,652 --> 00:22:41,030 Wondering why the hell the director didn't yell 'Cut!"' 356 00:22:41,114 --> 00:22:43,658 - Cut! - [men shouting] 357 00:22:43,741 --> 00:22:45,827 "Early Sunday morning, 358 00:22:45,910 --> 00:22:49,289 December 7, 1941, 359 00:22:49,372 --> 00:22:53,167 I was driving my car in Los Angeles listening to the radio. 360 00:22:53,251 --> 00:22:57,130 That's how I heard the news about the attack on Pearl Harbor. 361 00:22:57,839 --> 00:23:00,884 My novel, the scripts I was doing in Hollywood, 362 00:23:00,967 --> 00:23:02,969 my plans to try directing, 363 00:23:03,052 --> 00:23:05,388 all of it suddenly seemed unimportant. 364 00:23:05,471 --> 00:23:08,391 I went down to the US Army draft office 365 00:23:08,474 --> 00:23:11,311 and got in line with all the young men waiting there. 366 00:23:11,394 --> 00:23:16,733 At 29 years old I was much older than the average guy who decided to enlist. 367 00:23:16,816 --> 00:23:18,985 Luckily they needed plenty of soldiers, 368 00:23:19,068 --> 00:23:23,072 so there was no bias against old volunteers like me. 369 00:23:24,073 --> 00:23:26,576 There was a required interview with a recruiting officer. 370 00:23:26,659 --> 00:23:30,747 I requested a few weeks before being sent off to boot camp 371 00:23:30,830 --> 00:23:33,249 in order to finish up a draft of my novel. 372 00:23:33,333 --> 00:23:35,627 The officer gave me extra time. 373 00:23:35,710 --> 00:23:38,379 Then he asked me why I wanted to go to war. 374 00:23:38,463 --> 00:23:42,759 Hell, I certainly wasn't enlisting with the idea of becoming a hero. 375 00:23:42,842 --> 00:23:45,219 I asked if I could level with him and he said, 'Yes, ' 376 00:23:45,303 --> 00:23:50,892 so I told him that sure, I was inspired by Roosevelt's call to arms against the aggressors. 377 00:23:50,975 --> 00:23:53,937 However, the prospects of military life -- 378 00:23:54,020 --> 00:23:57,190 being in uniform, marching, carrying a rifle, fighting -- 379 00:23:57,273 --> 00:23:59,275 didn't really give me a hard-on. 380 00:24:00,068 --> 00:24:02,320 What kept going through my brain 381 00:24:02,403 --> 00:24:04,906 was that I had a hell of an opportunity 382 00:24:04,989 --> 00:24:08,409 to cover the biggest crime story of the century, 383 00:24:08,493 --> 00:24:12,830 and nothing was gonna stop me from being an eyewitness." 384 00:24:24,133 --> 00:24:27,971 "I heard my mother shudder when I told her I was going to be a soldier. 385 00:24:29,222 --> 00:24:32,100 'My country needed me for a while, ' I reassured her, 386 00:24:32,183 --> 00:24:34,227 'and everything was going to be all right. ' 387 00:24:35,979 --> 00:24:38,815 The army sent me to Fort MacArthur, near San Diego. 388 00:24:39,899 --> 00:24:44,570 Like every other draftee, I had to take a battery of standardized tests 389 00:24:44,654 --> 00:24:47,615 and answer a hell of a lot of stupid questions. 390 00:24:48,783 --> 00:24:51,828 When I told them about my background in journalism, 391 00:24:51,911 --> 00:24:54,080 they sent me over to the communications department. 392 00:24:55,164 --> 00:24:57,834 An officer there offered me an assignment on the staff 393 00:24:57,917 --> 00:24:59,961 of the Armed Forces newspaper. 394 00:25:00,628 --> 00:25:02,672 I turned it down fiat. 395 00:25:03,423 --> 00:25:06,592 I'd joined the army to be in the thick of the action, 396 00:25:06,676 --> 00:25:09,429 not behind some goddamn desk. 397 00:25:10,763 --> 00:25:13,474 They marched all the draftees to a railroad station. 398 00:25:14,559 --> 00:25:19,147 Never had I seen so many men in one place, at one time. 399 00:25:19,981 --> 00:25:24,944 A train was about to pull out of the station, packed to the gills with soldiers. 400 00:25:25,945 --> 00:25:27,989 Ignorant and impatient, 401 00:25:28,072 --> 00:25:29,782 I walked up to the captain. 402 00:25:31,200 --> 00:25:33,870 'Where are these men on the train going?' I asked. 403 00:25:33,953 --> 00:25:36,706 'Infantry!' shouted the captain. 404 00:25:36,789 --> 00:25:38,958 'I want to go with them, ' I said. 405 00:25:39,042 --> 00:25:42,754 'Get your ass on the train!' he yelled, glad to be rid of me. 406 00:25:44,047 --> 00:25:46,007 In my naïveté, 407 00:25:46,090 --> 00:25:50,928 how could I guess the horror that lay ahead of me and my fellow passengers? 408 00:25:51,679 --> 00:25:54,557 My precipitous leap into the infantry train 409 00:25:54,640 --> 00:25:58,144 was one of the most decisive steps of my entire life. 410 00:25:59,145 --> 00:26:00,855 For Christ sakes. 411 00:26:01,939 --> 00:26:03,524 The infantry. 412 00:26:03,608 --> 00:26:06,194 Guys who joined the infantry, I discovered, 413 00:26:06,778 --> 00:26:09,489 came back from the war in one of three ways -- 414 00:26:10,448 --> 00:26:11,532 dead... 415 00:26:12,450 --> 00:26:13,618 wounded... 416 00:26:14,285 --> 00:26:15,661 or crazy." 417 00:26:17,663 --> 00:26:19,582 "Since we were all treated like shit, 418 00:26:19,665 --> 00:26:22,585 a healthy camaraderie developed among the recruits, 419 00:26:22,668 --> 00:26:26,714 an affinity that went beyond social and educational barriers. 420 00:26:26,798 --> 00:26:29,175 You name the ethnic background, we had it -- 421 00:26:29,258 --> 00:26:34,013 Irish, Jewish, Italian, Latino, Armenian, except black. 422 00:26:34,097 --> 00:26:37,892 At that time blacks got sent to their own regiment. 423 00:26:37,975 --> 00:26:42,772 We were all equal, military speaking -- the lowest of the low, a real melting pot. 424 00:26:42,855 --> 00:26:45,983 When we weren't crawling on our bellies, marching or shooting, 425 00:26:46,067 --> 00:26:50,446 we got bombarded with patriotic propaganda, slogans, music. 426 00:26:51,531 --> 00:26:53,908 Everywhere were those 'We Want You' posters, 427 00:26:53,991 --> 00:26:56,119 Uncle Sam's fierce eyes staring at us, 428 00:26:56,202 --> 00:26:58,496 reminding us that we were sweating our balls off 429 00:26:58,579 --> 00:27:00,957 for the home of the free and the brave. 430 00:27:02,542 --> 00:27:07,547 We were put on a long train and shipped to Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania. 431 00:27:07,630 --> 00:27:11,717 It was about midnight when we arrived there, the middle of nowhere, cold as hell, 432 00:27:11,801 --> 00:27:13,427 a moonless night. 433 00:27:14,053 --> 00:27:16,806 A sergeant on the platform started yelling commands at us 434 00:27:16,889 --> 00:27:18,599 as we got off the train. 435 00:27:18,683 --> 00:27:24,772 'Listen up! You are now members of the First United States Infantry Division. 436 00:27:24,856 --> 00:27:28,484 It's the Big Red One!' 437 00:27:28,568 --> 00:27:31,028 He was wearing a dark steel helmet. 438 00:27:31,112 --> 00:27:33,281 Thanks to a solitary light in the train yard, 439 00:27:33,364 --> 00:27:36,742 I saw a red '1 ' reflected off the sergeant's helmet. 440 00:27:36,826 --> 00:27:38,995 Soon we'd all be issued helmets like his, 441 00:27:39,078 --> 00:27:41,164 wearing them like another part of our skull, 442 00:27:41,247 --> 00:27:43,958 sleeping in them, fighting in them, 443 00:27:44,041 --> 00:27:45,626 dying in them." 444 00:27:45,710 --> 00:27:47,128 [book closes] 445 00:27:49,881 --> 00:27:54,385 "One day a jeep with two soldiers from the 16th Command Post 446 00:27:54,468 --> 00:27:56,804 drove up to our camp looking for me. 447 00:27:57,471 --> 00:27:59,390 The sergeant sitting next to the driver 448 00:27:59,473 --> 00:28:01,684 had orders from Colonel George A. Taylor 449 00:28:01,767 --> 00:28:04,395 to bring me to his headquarters. 450 00:28:05,188 --> 00:28:07,565 What could the commander of the 16th Regiment want with me, 451 00:28:07,648 --> 00:28:09,984 a recently promoted corporal in the 26th? 452 00:28:10,067 --> 00:28:14,697 'Corporal Fuller reporting as requested!' I barked it out. 453 00:28:15,865 --> 00:28:18,618 'What kind of cigars do you smoke?' asked Colonel Taylor. 454 00:28:18,701 --> 00:28:22,788 'Optimos, ' I said. 'Only thing I can get a hold of over here. ' 455 00:28:22,872 --> 00:28:26,042 'Everything else is in your file, ' said the colonel. 456 00:28:26,125 --> 00:28:29,670 'I've been reading about you. Impressive stuff. 457 00:28:29,754 --> 00:28:33,049 Reporter, novelist, movies.' 458 00:28:33,132 --> 00:28:34,634 'Yes, sir. ' 459 00:28:34,717 --> 00:28:36,719 'Now you're gonna write for us. ' 460 00:28:37,511 --> 00:28:38,971 'Write what, sir?' 461 00:28:40,431 --> 00:28:43,309 'A full report after every battle. 462 00:28:43,392 --> 00:28:47,730 I want you to record exactly what you've seen in your own words. 463 00:28:47,813 --> 00:28:50,816 I want a detailed description of this regiment's actions -- 464 00:28:50,900 --> 00:28:54,904 every combat, every movement, every victory, every error. 465 00:28:54,987 --> 00:28:57,406 Complete honesty. ' 466 00:28:57,490 --> 00:29:00,826 'I don't want that responsibility, Colonel, ' I said. 467 00:29:00,910 --> 00:29:02,995 'Hell if I care what you want, ' he replied. 468 00:29:03,079 --> 00:29:05,206 'I'm giving you a great opportunity, Fuller. 469 00:29:05,915 --> 00:29:08,501 You get to observe the entire operation. 470 00:29:08,584 --> 00:29:11,504 No damn corporal has ever had the opportunity 471 00:29:11,587 --> 00:29:16,133 to see a combat plan, participate in it, then report on its execution. ' 472 00:29:20,721 --> 00:29:22,890 'You asked me for honesty, Colonel. 473 00:29:23,975 --> 00:29:25,893 I'm giving it to you straight. 474 00:29:25,977 --> 00:29:29,438 After a battle, all I wanna do is laugh with the other guys, 475 00:29:29,522 --> 00:29:33,484 get a little drunk and celebrate, if I'm still alive. ' 476 00:29:33,567 --> 00:29:36,696 I felt free to refuse Colonel Taylor's offer 477 00:29:36,779 --> 00:29:39,824 because I was about the lowest grade in the army. 478 00:29:39,907 --> 00:29:44,370 If they demoted me, there wasn't a long way to go before hitting the bottom. 479 00:29:44,453 --> 00:29:49,208 'Look, young man, ' said Taylor, 'from now on you're part of my regiment, the 16th. ' 480 00:29:49,292 --> 00:29:52,169 'But, sir --' I began. 'But nothing!' said Taylor. 481 00:29:52,253 --> 00:29:55,881 'You were transferred to the 16th the minute you got into that jeep that brought you here. 482 00:29:55,965 --> 00:29:58,884 Maybe you'll change your mind about writing for me. 483 00:29:58,968 --> 00:30:01,679 Meanwhile, I want you here at all times, Fuller."' 484 00:30:04,223 --> 00:30:07,059 "On November 8, 1942, 485 00:30:07,143 --> 00:30:11,147 our outfit boarded the landing craft that took us into Arzew Beach. 486 00:30:11,230 --> 00:30:14,859 We were part of General Eisenhower's campaign to invade Africa. 487 00:30:14,942 --> 00:30:16,861 Code name: Torch. 488 00:30:17,570 --> 00:30:20,072 This would be the first Allied assault of the war, 489 00:30:20,156 --> 00:30:23,784 attempting to force the enemy off land it had usurped. 490 00:30:25,077 --> 00:30:28,789 I found myself eyeball to eyeball with my first vision 491 00:30:28,873 --> 00:30:31,334 of the horror of war. 492 00:30:31,417 --> 00:30:33,502 One of our guys was hit by a mortar charge 493 00:30:33,586 --> 00:30:35,212 and was blown apart, 494 00:30:35,296 --> 00:30:37,340 his head severed from his body. 495 00:30:37,423 --> 00:30:38,966 It landed near me. 496 00:30:40,509 --> 00:30:43,471 I had a close-up view of his shocked face, 497 00:30:43,554 --> 00:30:46,849 his bulging eyes filled with fear and surprise. 498 00:30:47,975 --> 00:30:50,811 I'd seen a lot of corpses in city morgues, 499 00:30:50,895 --> 00:30:52,938 so I didn't turn away. 500 00:30:53,022 --> 00:30:56,650 I stared almost hypnotized by the soldier's head, 501 00:30:56,734 --> 00:30:58,235 forgetting where I was. 502 00:30:59,528 --> 00:31:01,238 The shell bursts snapped me out of it. 503 00:31:01,322 --> 00:31:05,242 To this day that first face of death is imprinted on my mind 504 00:31:05,326 --> 00:31:06,994 like a leaf in a fossil, 505 00:31:07,078 --> 00:31:08,954 never to fade away. 506 00:31:09,038 --> 00:31:13,000 The Big Red One continued to move towards the Tunisian border-- 507 00:31:13,084 --> 00:31:15,169 Ousseltia Valley. 508 00:31:15,252 --> 00:31:19,340 We'd become much tougher, thanks to the battle experience. 509 00:31:20,549 --> 00:31:24,762 War itself is organized insanity. 510 00:31:25,471 --> 00:31:29,642 Both sides are trained to kill, and everyone is a potential enemy. 511 00:31:30,518 --> 00:31:35,272 We were given rules of conduct, but -- [chuckles] the rules were hypocritical as hell. 512 00:31:35,356 --> 00:31:39,360 When you see an enemy pissing, it's still your choice whether to shoot him or not. 513 00:31:41,821 --> 00:31:45,074 Civilized wars just don't exist. 514 00:31:46,867 --> 00:31:48,786 I began a journal in North Africa. 515 00:31:48,869 --> 00:31:52,957 If I survived, I was gonna write about my war experience someday. 516 00:31:53,040 --> 00:31:55,793 Ah, the journal wasn't much more than a small calendar book 517 00:31:55,876 --> 00:31:59,380 full of quickly scribbled notes, drawings, random thoughts, 518 00:31:59,463 --> 00:32:02,091 and ideas for characters and stories. 519 00:32:03,300 --> 00:32:05,636 I jotted down the names of dogfaces. 520 00:32:06,804 --> 00:32:10,266 Many died before I could find out much about them. 521 00:32:10,349 --> 00:32:13,936 As often as I could, I wrote my mother a letter on V-Mail stationery 522 00:32:14,019 --> 00:32:16,564 or any piece of paper that was handy. 523 00:32:16,647 --> 00:32:18,315 Mostly I sent her cartoons 524 00:32:18,399 --> 00:32:21,986 and wrote quips about the lighter side of infantry life. 525 00:32:22,611 --> 00:32:26,073 I avoided talking about anything violent or sad. 526 00:32:26,157 --> 00:32:30,494 Telling her where we were or describing our actions too precisely was impossible. 527 00:32:31,787 --> 00:32:36,292 Survival was the one thought that held dominion over everything else 528 00:32:36,375 --> 00:32:38,335 in a doggie's universe. 529 00:32:38,419 --> 00:32:42,173 In that vein, we worried about simple, but basic things -- 530 00:32:42,256 --> 00:32:44,967 dry socks, edible chow, fresh water, 531 00:32:45,050 --> 00:32:47,052 the runs. 532 00:32:47,136 --> 00:32:49,346 I never saw anyone praying to God, 533 00:32:49,430 --> 00:32:51,974 except in some Hollywood movies after the war was over, 534 00:32:52,057 --> 00:32:56,020 imagined by screenwriters who'd never been near a battlefield. 535 00:32:57,104 --> 00:33:00,357 See, there's no way you can portray war realistically, 536 00:33:00,441 --> 00:33:02,776 not in a movie or a book. 537 00:33:02,860 --> 00:33:06,989 You can only capture a very, very small aspect of it. 538 00:33:07,072 --> 00:33:09,617 If you really want to make readers understand a battle -- 539 00:33:09,700 --> 00:33:11,035 [chuckles] 540 00:33:11,118 --> 00:33:14,163 A few pages of your book would have to be booby-trapped. 541 00:33:14,830 --> 00:33:17,708 For moviegoers to get the idea of real combat, 542 00:33:17,791 --> 00:33:21,170 you'd have to shoot at them every so often from either side of the screen. 543 00:33:21,253 --> 00:33:25,174 Casualties in the theater would be... bad for business. 544 00:33:26,884 --> 00:33:29,178 I had to kill a man for the first time. 545 00:33:29,261 --> 00:33:32,181 The act begets the most basic revulsion. 546 00:33:33,599 --> 00:33:36,143 I couldn't believe it was me pulling the trigger. 547 00:33:37,269 --> 00:33:39,730 Left me feeling hollow inside. 548 00:33:41,106 --> 00:33:43,776 But a soldier must overcome that disgust 549 00:33:43,859 --> 00:33:45,694 if he is to survive. 550 00:33:46,237 --> 00:33:48,781 - Afterward, when you kill -- - [gunshot] 551 00:33:48,864 --> 00:33:52,993 you're shooting the same man over and over and over again. 552 00:33:55,329 --> 00:33:57,373 Your will to survive surprises you, 553 00:33:57,456 --> 00:34:01,502 eventually kicking abstract thoughts like remorse or mercy out of your brain. 554 00:34:02,002 --> 00:34:03,587 The reality is, 555 00:34:03,671 --> 00:34:07,841 you're glad the other guy is dead and you're still alive. 556 00:34:09,426 --> 00:34:10,761 You become... 557 00:34:11,637 --> 00:34:13,639 a killing machine." 558 00:34:23,399 --> 00:34:27,361 "In July of 1943 the entire First Division was put out to sea. 559 00:34:27,444 --> 00:34:29,863 That's when we found out our target was Sicily. 560 00:34:31,907 --> 00:34:35,869 The North African landing had been kindergarten next to the invasion of Sicily. 561 00:34:35,953 --> 00:34:37,162 We were in Europe now. 562 00:34:37,246 --> 00:34:40,457 This was home turf to the Duce, backed by Hitler. 563 00:34:40,541 --> 00:34:44,461 There were 300,000 Italian and German soldiers occupying Sicily. 564 00:34:45,671 --> 00:34:48,549 Each battle was going to be fought tooth and nail. 565 00:34:48,632 --> 00:34:50,801 We'd faced the enemy, but never this many. 566 00:34:50,884 --> 00:34:53,887 For cryin' out loud, we were in their goddamn backyard. 567 00:34:56,599 --> 00:34:59,602 Psychology is an essential weapon in wartime. 568 00:34:59,685 --> 00:35:02,313 That's why we had trouble fighting against Italians. 569 00:35:02,396 --> 00:35:05,899 We didn't have the same venom for them as we did for the Nazis. 570 00:35:06,567 --> 00:35:09,528 In every outfit there were Americans of Italian descent. 571 00:35:09,612 --> 00:35:11,530 A few could even speak the language. 572 00:35:12,114 --> 00:35:14,033 We had one dogface from San Francisco 573 00:35:14,116 --> 00:35:17,161 who was intent on locating his Sicilian grandmother 574 00:35:17,244 --> 00:35:19,371 near Caltanisetta. 575 00:35:19,455 --> 00:35:21,206 And for Christ sakes, he did. 576 00:35:30,049 --> 00:35:32,009 The Sicilians usually welcomed us. 577 00:35:32,092 --> 00:35:35,554 After an assault, when all the enemy soldiers had been killed or driven away, 578 00:35:35,638 --> 00:35:38,432 the villagers -- mostly women, children and old men -- 579 00:35:38,515 --> 00:35:41,685 would bring out the wine, pasta, fruit, flowers. 580 00:35:42,269 --> 00:35:44,647 All the young men had been called to fight for the fascists. 581 00:35:44,730 --> 00:35:46,190 Many were never coming back. 582 00:35:46,273 --> 00:35:48,484 It was hard to feel contempt for civilians, 583 00:35:48,609 --> 00:35:51,987 even though we knew they'd been saluting Mussolini just a few days before our invasion. 584 00:35:52,071 --> 00:35:54,073 It was a question of survival. 585 00:35:59,119 --> 00:36:01,914 One day we passed a little farm behind a stone wall. 586 00:36:01,997 --> 00:36:04,625 The entire family was outside the place -- 587 00:36:04,708 --> 00:36:07,795 mama, grandma, grandpa, bambinos -- 588 00:36:07,878 --> 00:36:11,590 chanting, 'Mussolini no good! Mussolini no good!' 589 00:36:12,466 --> 00:36:15,594 We were paranoid, suspicious of everyone and everything. 590 00:36:15,678 --> 00:36:18,597 So we stopped to check out the farm, searching the house for weapons. 591 00:36:18,681 --> 00:36:20,307 There was nothing irregular. 592 00:36:20,391 --> 00:36:23,352 However, when we went through the barn behind the farmhouse, 593 00:36:23,435 --> 00:36:26,939 we found a young woman, about 18, hiding in one of the donkey stalls. 594 00:36:27,815 --> 00:36:31,777 She was small and shapely, with a pretty face, dark eyes, and black hair. 595 00:36:31,860 --> 00:36:34,571 We dragged her outside, kicking and screaming. 596 00:36:34,655 --> 00:36:38,325 One of our Italian-American dogfaces told her she had nothing to fear. 597 00:36:38,409 --> 00:36:40,994 She started yelling profanities at him. 598 00:36:41,078 --> 00:36:43,247 'What's her problem?' I asked. 599 00:36:43,330 --> 00:36:46,917 The dogface explained that she wanted us to kill every fascist in Sicily 600 00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:48,794 and burn Mussolini alive. 601 00:36:49,545 --> 00:36:52,756 'I think it's all bullshit, ' said our bilingual doggie. 602 00:36:53,590 --> 00:36:57,386 The girl understood his drift and exploded with more epithets of hate. 603 00:36:57,469 --> 00:37:00,013 Suddenly she stopped and opened her blouse. 604 00:37:00,097 --> 00:37:04,017 Instead of a bra, she had soiled medical bandages covering her breasts. 605 00:37:05,227 --> 00:37:08,439 'Was she hit in the chest?' asked our sergeant. 606 00:37:09,440 --> 00:37:13,569 'No. She said a fascist raped her and bit off her nipples. ' 607 00:37:14,862 --> 00:37:17,322 All of us froze, sickened at her plight. 608 00:37:19,074 --> 00:37:21,452 'She's lying, 'said our translator. 609 00:37:21,535 --> 00:37:23,912 'Why don't you buy her story?' 610 00:37:24,621 --> 00:37:26,457 'I know about these ass-kissers. 611 00:37:26,540 --> 00:37:29,543 When Mussolini was riding high they were crazy about the bastard. 612 00:37:29,626 --> 00:37:32,588 Now they figure he's licked, everybody hates him. 613 00:37:32,671 --> 00:37:35,758 We're supposed to believe that fascism never caught on in Sicily. 614 00:37:35,841 --> 00:37:37,551 The hell it didn't. ' 615 00:37:38,427 --> 00:37:40,971 He ripped off one of her bandages. The girl screamed. 616 00:37:41,054 --> 00:37:44,308 We stared at the teeth marks on her mutilated breasts. 617 00:37:44,391 --> 00:37:47,561 In place of a nipple, there was an ugly black-and-blue wound. 618 00:37:49,188 --> 00:37:51,190 We paled and stepped back from her. 619 00:37:51,899 --> 00:37:54,276 Our sergeant gently took the girl back to her family 620 00:37:54,359 --> 00:37:56,862 and gave her fresh bandages and antiseptics. 621 00:37:56,945 --> 00:37:58,614 We stood speechless. 622 00:37:59,615 --> 00:38:02,659 'Okay, ' growled the disbelieving, shocked soldier. 623 00:38:02,743 --> 00:38:04,453 'So I was wrong. ' 624 00:38:05,329 --> 00:38:08,332 Ashamed of himself, he walked up to the girl in front of her family. 625 00:38:09,458 --> 00:38:13,754 'Signor, per favore, sono molto desolato. 626 00:38:13,837 --> 00:38:15,964 Molto, molto. "' 627 00:38:24,097 --> 00:38:27,351 "Our outfit boarded a British troop ship one night in mid October 628 00:38:27,434 --> 00:38:29,269 and shipped out of Sicily. 629 00:38:30,270 --> 00:38:31,939 No one would tell us where we were going. 630 00:38:32,022 --> 00:38:34,149 The ship was taking us back to Britain, 631 00:38:34,233 --> 00:38:36,735 where we were to spend many months in secret preparation 632 00:38:36,819 --> 00:38:38,862 for another amphibious assault. 633 00:38:39,571 --> 00:38:43,325 We didn't know it yet, but we had an appointment on the beaches of Normandy 634 00:38:43,408 --> 00:38:46,537 on Tuesday, June 6, 1944. 635 00:38:48,205 --> 00:38:50,916 Real ammunition was being used in the training sessions. 636 00:38:50,999 --> 00:38:53,085 That was another good reason to concentrate. 637 00:38:53,168 --> 00:38:56,088 Plenty of dogfaces were wounded or killed in training. 638 00:38:56,171 --> 00:38:58,090 I always wondered about their families back home. 639 00:38:58,173 --> 00:39:02,261 How would you react if they found out that the killed-in-action telegram they received 640 00:39:02,344 --> 00:39:04,513 was only half true, 641 00:39:04,596 --> 00:39:07,140 that the bullet shrapnel was friendly fire? 642 00:39:07,724 --> 00:39:11,228 'You've been rehearsing hard for this operation, 'said Colonel Taylor. 643 00:39:11,311 --> 00:39:12,604 'You know your jobs by heart. 644 00:39:12,688 --> 00:39:14,940 Intelligence tells us that the people of Normandy 645 00:39:15,023 --> 00:39:17,359 have fraternized with the enemy. 646 00:39:17,442 --> 00:39:21,029 They did what anyone else would do to survive four years of occupation. 647 00:39:21,113 --> 00:39:23,031 Now we will be the invaders. 648 00:39:23,115 --> 00:39:25,784 What they call liberation is good for newspaper stories. 649 00:39:25,868 --> 00:39:28,203 We aren't liberating anything. 650 00:39:28,287 --> 00:39:29,913 We're turning things upside down. 651 00:39:29,997 --> 00:39:34,376 What you've gotta tell yourselves is that Omaha is not just a beach. 652 00:39:34,459 --> 00:39:38,630 If you threw a light on it, that light would shine all the way into Germany. 653 00:39:38,714 --> 00:39:40,799 It's our doorway to the enemy. 654 00:39:40,883 --> 00:39:43,802 The Nazis have had it their way for a long time. 655 00:39:43,886 --> 00:39:46,597 You have to kill them like they've never been killed before. ' 656 00:39:46,680 --> 00:39:51,643 We'd fantasized that the first or second attack waves would be the most dangerous. 657 00:39:51,727 --> 00:39:53,270 We'd even joked about it. 658 00:39:53,353 --> 00:39:54,897 But the joke was on us. 659 00:39:54,980 --> 00:39:59,568 The first and second waves had hit the beach with at least an element of surprise on their side. 660 00:39:59,651 --> 00:40:02,696 By the time we were coming in, the Germans were alerted to the invasion 661 00:40:02,779 --> 00:40:04,781 and had time to adjust their artillery. 662 00:40:13,790 --> 00:40:17,836 I swallowed a ton of saltwater mixed with American blood 663 00:40:17,920 --> 00:40:19,963 and struggled like crazy not to drown 664 00:40:20,047 --> 00:40:22,257 while making our way through those metal death traps 665 00:40:22,341 --> 00:40:24,509 and around all those floating bodies. 666 00:40:24,593 --> 00:40:26,720 Mortar shells started to fall like hail. 667 00:40:26,803 --> 00:40:31,016 It was 200 yards from the landing craft to Omaha Beach, 668 00:40:31,099 --> 00:40:33,352 the longest distance I'd ever traveled. 669 00:40:33,435 --> 00:40:37,022 Being vertical on Omaha was an invitation to death. 670 00:40:37,105 --> 00:40:38,482 God, how I ran. 671 00:40:39,274 --> 00:40:42,235 In all my years as a copyboy, my legs never moved that fast. 672 00:40:42,319 --> 00:40:44,905 The dead and the wounded lay everywhere, 673 00:40:44,988 --> 00:40:47,074 body parts strewn across the sand. 674 00:40:47,157 --> 00:40:49,576 I saw a man's mouth -- 675 00:40:49,660 --> 00:40:51,787 just the mouth, for Christ's sakes -- 676 00:40:51,870 --> 00:40:53,580 floating in the water. 677 00:40:54,247 --> 00:40:57,834 I got hit by a bullet in my chest as we fought our way towards Saint-Lô. 678 00:40:59,086 --> 00:41:00,712 Everyone got hurt one way or another. 679 00:41:00,796 --> 00:41:05,217 You pretended that your wound was nothing more than a little hole in your body. 680 00:41:05,300 --> 00:41:10,222 If you were as lucky as I was, the bullet missed the vital organs, 681 00:41:10,305 --> 00:41:11,807 and you survived. 682 00:41:12,724 --> 00:41:16,186 Advancing towards Mons, we moved cautiously into Belgium 683 00:41:16,269 --> 00:41:19,272 through the countryside on September 3. 684 00:41:19,356 --> 00:41:22,234 I really didn't know about the Belgian border crossing until that night 685 00:41:22,317 --> 00:41:24,903 because there were no markers in the forest. 686 00:41:24,987 --> 00:41:28,365 In Mons we mopped up small enclaves of enemy troops 687 00:41:28,448 --> 00:41:30,242 and continued moving east. 688 00:41:30,867 --> 00:41:34,413 On one of the supply trucks from France was a care package from my mother 689 00:41:34,496 --> 00:41:36,790 with a fresh supply of cigars -- 690 00:41:36,873 --> 00:41:39,751 manna from heaven in that inhospitable place. 691 00:41:39,835 --> 00:41:43,171 She wrote me that The Dark Page had won some award 692 00:41:43,255 --> 00:41:46,800 as the best psychological novel of 1943. 693 00:41:46,883 --> 00:41:49,928 She included a letter from my agent, Charlie Feldman, 694 00:41:50,012 --> 00:41:53,515 who was talking with Howard Hawks about buying the book's movie rights. 695 00:41:54,266 --> 00:41:56,268 Looking around our camp, I couldn't help smiling. 696 00:41:56,351 --> 00:42:00,313 It didn't seem possible that Hollywood could be on the same planet, 697 00:42:00,397 --> 00:42:05,652 much less in the same goddamn galaxy as that rain-soaked Belgian forest. 698 00:42:06,695 --> 00:42:09,656 The news from the West Coast made me feel lucky. 699 00:42:10,657 --> 00:42:13,618 I'd been through three amphibious assaults 700 00:42:13,702 --> 00:42:15,620 and somehow survived. 701 00:42:15,704 --> 00:42:17,664 The war had to end someday. 702 00:42:17,748 --> 00:42:21,710 Maybe my luck would continue and I'd survive to write more books. 703 00:42:22,461 --> 00:42:27,215 Especially one from the point of view of a lowly infantryman." 704 00:42:29,676 --> 00:42:33,055 Ah, be smart. There's nothing like the infantry. 705 00:42:33,138 --> 00:42:35,307 You're in a plane, and you get hit. 706 00:42:35,390 --> 00:42:37,893 What happens? You still gotta fall. 707 00:42:38,560 --> 00:42:40,645 Two strikes against you. 708 00:42:40,729 --> 00:42:44,524 You're in a ship, you get hit, you can still -- you can still drown. 709 00:42:45,734 --> 00:42:48,820 In a tank, you can fry like an egg. 710 00:42:48,904 --> 00:42:50,989 But in the infantry, you get hit and that's it. 711 00:42:51,073 --> 00:42:53,075 One thing or the other -- you're dead or alive. 712 00:42:53,158 --> 00:42:55,285 But you're on the ground. 713 00:42:55,368 --> 00:42:58,955 Get wise. Nothing like the infantry. 714 00:43:00,707 --> 00:43:04,169 "Pushing through the breach in the Siegfried Line, 715 00:43:04,252 --> 00:43:07,756 the stage was set for the final assault on Aachen, 716 00:43:07,839 --> 00:43:09,841 the first German city we'd attack. 717 00:43:10,967 --> 00:43:13,261 Aachen was in a rich valley, 718 00:43:13,345 --> 00:43:16,807 surrounded by wood-covered ridges that bristled with enemy mortars, 719 00:43:16,890 --> 00:43:19,518 artillery, snipers, and machine guns. 720 00:43:21,186 --> 00:43:24,940 The plan was to surround the city in preparation for a coordinated invasion. 721 00:43:25,899 --> 00:43:28,693 So the nearby towns had to be taken. 722 00:43:30,070 --> 00:43:32,656 One by one, they fell. 723 00:43:32,739 --> 00:43:36,243 But in each one, we ran into heavy resistance. 724 00:43:36,326 --> 00:43:39,496 Our next objective was the Ruhr River crossing 725 00:43:39,579 --> 00:43:41,581 east of Aachen. 726 00:43:41,665 --> 00:43:44,167 We began a nonstop marathon that was not to end 727 00:43:44,251 --> 00:43:46,461 until the Rhine had been reached. 728 00:43:48,839 --> 00:43:50,841 Miraculously, 729 00:43:50,924 --> 00:43:53,635 our outfit was invited one cold and rainy night 730 00:43:53,718 --> 00:43:56,763 for a USO show that was in the area. 731 00:43:57,889 --> 00:44:02,310 Exhausted, dark faces suddenly forgot all about weather and weariness 732 00:44:02,394 --> 00:44:06,314 because the mistress of ceremony that night 733 00:44:06,398 --> 00:44:08,984 was the one-and-only Marlene Dietrich. 734 00:44:09,067 --> 00:44:12,904 When the show was over, I ran around to the stage door entrance. 735 00:44:12,988 --> 00:44:14,781 An MP stopped me. 736 00:44:14,865 --> 00:44:16,950 Backstage was off-limits. 737 00:44:17,033 --> 00:44:21,329 I told him I had to speak with Miss Dietrich about a professional matter. 738 00:44:22,455 --> 00:44:25,917 'Forget it, ' the MP snarled. 'Get back to your outfit.' 739 00:44:27,460 --> 00:44:29,713 He wasn't getting rid of me so easily. 740 00:44:29,796 --> 00:44:33,008 I rushed over and stuck my head in the half-open door. 741 00:44:33,091 --> 00:44:35,677 'It'll only take a minute, Miss Dietrich.' 742 00:44:35,760 --> 00:44:37,262 [chuckles] 743 00:44:38,513 --> 00:44:40,724 Surprised but cordial, 744 00:44:40,807 --> 00:44:44,352 she invited me into a cold, damp dressing room. 745 00:44:45,312 --> 00:44:49,107 The only light came from a bare lightbulb dangling from the high ceiling. 746 00:44:50,817 --> 00:44:53,153 I apologized about my appearance. 747 00:44:53,904 --> 00:44:54,905 I looked like hell. 748 00:44:54,988 --> 00:44:56,740 I was unshaven. 749 00:44:56,823 --> 00:45:00,160 My uniform was filthy. My boots were muddy. 750 00:45:00,243 --> 00:45:01,953 I must have stunk too. 751 00:45:02,037 --> 00:45:04,539 But Dietrich didn't seem to mind at all. 752 00:45:04,623 --> 00:45:07,792 She'd probably seen worse on her tour of frontline troops. 753 00:45:08,585 --> 00:45:10,921 'Miss Dietrich, ' I told her, 754 00:45:11,004 --> 00:45:14,507 'I'd like you to take a message from me back home.' 755 00:45:14,591 --> 00:45:16,218 'Impossible, ' she said. 756 00:45:17,344 --> 00:45:20,722 She explained that she'd met many soldiers who wanted her to phone their mothers 757 00:45:20,805 --> 00:45:22,474 and their girlfriends. 758 00:45:22,557 --> 00:45:25,727 But she just couldn't do it, and she told everyone the same thing. 759 00:45:25,810 --> 00:45:27,646 It was really impossible. 760 00:45:28,396 --> 00:45:31,024 I said I didn't want her to phone my mother. 761 00:45:31,107 --> 00:45:36,738 I wanted her to deliver a one-word message to Charlie Feldman in Hollywood. 762 00:45:36,821 --> 00:45:41,660 'Charles K. Feldman?' she asked, suddenly intrigued. 763 00:45:41,743 --> 00:45:43,578 'My agent? You know him?' 764 00:45:46,081 --> 00:45:48,667 'Yes, Miss Dietrich, ' I said. 765 00:45:48,750 --> 00:45:51,169 'He's my agent too.' 766 00:45:51,253 --> 00:45:53,338 She stopped dead and gazed at me. 767 00:45:53,421 --> 00:45:55,507 'He's your agent too?' 768 00:45:55,590 --> 00:45:57,092 'Yeah, he is. 769 00:45:57,175 --> 00:46:00,262 He sold my book to Howard Hawks. 770 00:46:00,345 --> 00:46:02,555 A novel called The Dark Page. 771 00:46:02,639 --> 00:46:04,933 The message for Charlie is easy, Miss Dietrich. 772 00:46:05,016 --> 00:46:07,435 One word -- cigars. 773 00:46:08,895 --> 00:46:13,108 Just say cigars to Charlie when you get back to Hollywood, okay?' 774 00:46:13,984 --> 00:46:17,529 She laughed and poured us both a good brandy. 775 00:46:18,321 --> 00:46:20,323 'What's your name, soldier?' 776 00:46:21,157 --> 00:46:23,702 'Fuller. Samuel Fuller.' 777 00:46:24,828 --> 00:46:27,289 She asked me to write it down. I refused. 778 00:46:27,372 --> 00:46:29,666 'My name's not necessary, ' I told her. 779 00:46:29,749 --> 00:46:32,502 'Just say cigars to Charlie. 780 00:46:32,585 --> 00:46:35,171 He'll know what it is. ' 781 00:46:35,255 --> 00:46:38,341 'Okay, soldier, ' she said, clinking glasses with me. 782 00:46:39,259 --> 00:46:44,431 A box of good cigars arrived by APO from Charlie Feldman that spring. 783 00:46:45,348 --> 00:46:48,560 Dietrich had damn sure delivered my message. 784 00:46:55,859 --> 00:47:00,113 In '53, I'd run into Marlene Dietrich once again 785 00:47:00,196 --> 00:47:02,032 under very different conditions. 786 00:47:02,115 --> 00:47:04,993 I was in New York at a nightclub. 787 00:47:05,076 --> 00:47:09,456 At a table across the big room was the legendary producer Sam Spiegel. 788 00:47:09,539 --> 00:47:11,041 He waved at me. 789 00:47:11,124 --> 00:47:12,959 I went over to say hello. 790 00:47:13,043 --> 00:47:15,462 Sitting next to Spiegel was Dietrich. 791 00:47:16,379 --> 00:47:18,131 He introduced us. 792 00:47:18,214 --> 00:47:20,508 I told her we'd already met. 793 00:47:20,592 --> 00:47:23,178 She was very polite, but she shook her head, 794 00:47:23,261 --> 00:47:26,681 not remembering me or where we'd run into each other. 795 00:47:27,599 --> 00:47:29,976 'Too bad, ' I said. 'That's life.' 796 00:47:32,354 --> 00:47:35,482 I turned and started back to my table. 797 00:47:35,565 --> 00:47:40,195 All of a sudden, Marlene Dietrich was right behind me. 798 00:47:41,029 --> 00:47:45,033 'Hey, soldier, ' she said, her eyes twinkling. 799 00:47:45,116 --> 00:47:47,410 I turned and grinned at her. 800 00:47:47,494 --> 00:47:49,871 She put her arms around me. 801 00:47:49,954 --> 00:47:52,874 Tears were running down her cheeks. 802 00:47:52,957 --> 00:47:57,629 She'd heard so many stories about all the men killed in our outfit, 803 00:47:57,712 --> 00:48:01,049 yet here I was, alive. 804 00:48:02,509 --> 00:48:04,928 She was genuinely pleased to see me again. 805 00:48:05,011 --> 00:48:07,430 - [men cheering] - Hello, boys. 806 00:48:07,514 --> 00:48:10,934 She'd given over 500 shows for GI's during the war, 807 00:48:11,017 --> 00:48:14,145 but there was only one little corporal 808 00:48:14,229 --> 00:48:18,108 trying to squeeze some cigars out of Charlie Feldman 809 00:48:18,191 --> 00:48:19,818 back in Hollywood." 810 00:48:22,028 --> 00:48:23,530 [chuckles] 811 00:48:26,116 --> 00:48:29,411 "By the end of April, 1945, 812 00:48:29,494 --> 00:48:33,790 we'd advanced all the way into the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. 813 00:48:33,873 --> 00:48:36,501 Six years earlier, in 1939, 814 00:48:36,584 --> 00:48:42,549 Hitler had first shown his true colors as an empire-building, nation-crushing tyrant. 815 00:48:42,632 --> 00:48:45,427 Nobody discouraged Nazi aggression at the time. 816 00:48:45,510 --> 00:48:48,263 Now the war to stop Hitler had come full circle, 817 00:48:48,346 --> 00:48:49,931 back to its birthplace. 818 00:48:50,014 --> 00:48:53,518 The cease-fire of May 7 was universal. 819 00:48:53,601 --> 00:48:55,854 We moved into Falkenau that night 820 00:48:55,937 --> 00:48:58,481 and were slapped in the face, first by hordes of Germans 821 00:48:58,565 --> 00:49:00,525 streaming into town from Karlsbad, 822 00:49:00,608 --> 00:49:03,945 fleeing the Russians in order to surrender to the Americans. 823 00:49:04,028 --> 00:49:08,575 More than 45,000 POWs moved through Falkenau in the next three days, 824 00:49:08,658 --> 00:49:12,537 creating the monumental job of handling all those people. 825 00:49:12,620 --> 00:49:14,914 The most profound shock awaited us 826 00:49:14,998 --> 00:49:19,836 as we entered the front gate of the Falkenau concentration camp 827 00:49:19,919 --> 00:49:22,547 only a few thousand yards from the town. 828 00:49:22,630 --> 00:49:27,051 There were a few die-hard SS at the camp who didn't know the war was over. 829 00:49:27,135 --> 00:49:30,972 They fired at us and tried to make a break for it in the command car. 830 00:49:31,055 --> 00:49:33,433 One of our doggies hit the car with a bazooka, 831 00:49:33,516 --> 00:49:37,604 ending their escape in a flaming mushroom of fire and smoke. 832 00:49:37,687 --> 00:49:41,274 We ran down the remaining Nazis and disarmed them. 833 00:49:41,357 --> 00:49:44,652 What had been happening in that concentration camp 834 00:49:44,736 --> 00:49:46,321 was beyond belief, 835 00:49:46,404 --> 00:49:48,656 beyond our darkest nightmares. 836 00:49:48,740 --> 00:49:52,577 We were overwhelmed to come face-to-face with all the carnage. 837 00:49:52,660 --> 00:49:58,124 I still tremble to remember those images. of the living hunkered down with the dead. 838 00:49:58,208 --> 00:50:01,544 The stench of rotting bodies welled up in your face 839 00:50:01,628 --> 00:50:03,755 and made you want to stop breathing. 840 00:50:08,092 --> 00:50:10,970 One final vision of horror awaited us. 841 00:50:11,054 --> 00:50:13,223 The crematorium. 842 00:50:13,306 --> 00:50:15,016 When we burst into that building, 843 00:50:15,099 --> 00:50:17,810 smoke from the grenades we'd thrown through the windows 844 00:50:17,894 --> 00:50:19,771 filled the room. 845 00:50:19,854 --> 00:50:21,606 Silent now, 846 00:50:21,689 --> 00:50:24,776 the row of steel doors to the ovens stretched in front of us. 847 00:50:25,527 --> 00:50:28,655 I stared at the ovens and then looked into the first one. 848 00:50:28,738 --> 00:50:31,658 When I saw the remains of the cremated bodies in there, 849 00:50:31,741 --> 00:50:34,244 I couldn't control my revulsion. 850 00:50:34,327 --> 00:50:37,539 I vomited and wanted out of there at any cost. 851 00:50:37,622 --> 00:50:40,500 But I couldn't stop myself from looking into the second oven, 852 00:50:40,583 --> 00:50:41,876 then the third, 853 00:50:41,960 --> 00:50:44,420 mesmerized by the impossible. 854 00:50:44,504 --> 00:50:48,716 For Christ sakes, people had actually been cooked in those ovens. 855 00:50:48,800 --> 00:50:53,137 The incontrovertible proof lay right in front of my own eyes. 856 00:50:55,098 --> 00:50:58,059 Captain Richmond ordered a delegation of townspeople 857 00:50:58,142 --> 00:51:01,104 to appear at the gates of the camp the next morning 858 00:51:01,187 --> 00:51:03,439 to face a firing squad. 859 00:51:03,523 --> 00:51:06,609 Richmond was going to make sure that these people found out 860 00:51:06,693 --> 00:51:09,654 what had been happening only a few steps from their front doors. 861 00:51:10,530 --> 00:51:12,365 Richmond knew my mother had sent me 862 00:51:12,448 --> 00:51:15,952 a handheld Bell and Howell 16-millimeter movie camera. 863 00:51:16,035 --> 00:51:19,122 The captain wanted me to position myself the next day 864 00:51:19,205 --> 00:51:22,375 on a wall overlooking the concentration camp 865 00:51:22,458 --> 00:51:24,877 to film the gruesome spectacle. 866 00:51:24,961 --> 00:51:27,672 I was about to make my first movie. 867 00:51:53,865 --> 00:51:57,285 The ending of all hostilities was a quiet shock. 868 00:51:57,368 --> 00:52:00,830 I couldn't believe I didn't have to sleep with my hand on my rifle anymore, 869 00:52:00,913 --> 00:52:04,000 that every noise wasn't the start of an enemy attack, 870 00:52:04,083 --> 00:52:06,085 that I could light a cigar at night 871 00:52:06,169 --> 00:52:10,089 without worrying about a sniper putting a bullet through my brain. 872 00:52:10,173 --> 00:52:12,008 We'd be going home soon. 873 00:52:12,091 --> 00:52:15,011 Rejoining civilization was all we'd ever been talking about, 874 00:52:15,094 --> 00:52:17,221 joking about, dreaming about. 875 00:52:17,305 --> 00:52:19,641 But reentry was scary too. 876 00:52:19,724 --> 00:52:23,269 How could we tell the world about what we'd experienced, 877 00:52:23,353 --> 00:52:25,271 about what we'd witnessed? 878 00:52:25,355 --> 00:52:27,440 How could we live with ourselves? 879 00:53:11,442 --> 00:53:13,611 I have few regrets about my life, 880 00:53:13,695 --> 00:53:16,572 but one of them concerns the Nuremberg Trials. 881 00:53:16,656 --> 00:53:20,660 Behind each Nazi prisoner at Nuremberg was a guard. 882 00:53:20,743 --> 00:53:24,497 Those guards were soldiers from my outfit, the Big Red One. 883 00:53:24,580 --> 00:53:27,291 The military was screening candidates for that assignment, 884 00:53:27,375 --> 00:53:30,670 and I went off to Paris to visit my brother Ray. 885 00:53:30,753 --> 00:53:33,548 I'd already promised him that I'd meet him in Paris, 886 00:53:33,631 --> 00:53:36,175 and there was no way in hell I'd let him down. 887 00:53:36,259 --> 00:53:38,469 But what a missed opportunity. 888 00:53:38,553 --> 00:53:42,765 I could have watched the Nuremberg Trials in person." 889 00:53:55,153 --> 00:53:58,906 "Our troop ship finally sailed from Marseilles, 890 00:53:58,990 --> 00:54:02,785 docking in Boston in late September, 1945. 891 00:54:02,869 --> 00:54:07,957 I took a train to New York to see my mother for the first time in four years. 892 00:54:08,040 --> 00:54:11,627 Though it was good beyond words to put my arms around her again, 893 00:54:11,711 --> 00:54:14,130 it became quickly evident that my homecoming 894 00:54:14,213 --> 00:54:17,925 was burdensome for me and everyone around me. 895 00:54:18,009 --> 00:54:20,386 I spent a hell of a lot of time in bed, 896 00:54:20,470 --> 00:54:22,597 but couldn't sleep for long stretches. 897 00:54:22,680 --> 00:54:25,057 Horrible nightmares kept rattling my head. 898 00:54:25,141 --> 00:54:29,353 Everyday sounds made me jump and shake uncontrollably. 899 00:54:29,437 --> 00:54:33,566 I was a textbook case of war hysteria." 900 00:54:33,649 --> 00:54:35,401 Right after the war, I nearly fell apart 901 00:54:35,485 --> 00:54:37,570 every time I heard a cup rattle a dish. 902 00:54:37,653 --> 00:54:40,698 "I needed to somehow start earning a living again. 903 00:54:45,745 --> 00:54:50,583 By the end of the ' 40s, I decided that I could direct my yarns as well as anybody else. 904 00:54:50,666 --> 00:54:52,043 Maybe even better. 905 00:54:52,126 --> 00:54:55,046 Sure, I was still happy working behind a typewriter, 906 00:54:55,129 --> 00:54:57,548 but now I started looking for an opportunity 907 00:54:57,632 --> 00:54:59,300 to direct a picture of my own, 908 00:55:00,092 --> 00:55:03,638 using a motion picture camera to tell the tale. 909 00:55:04,722 --> 00:55:08,059 All I needed was a producer who'd put his faith in me, 910 00:55:08,142 --> 00:55:09,769 and just when I needed him, 911 00:55:09,852 --> 00:55:12,897 Robert L. Lippert showed up in my life. 912 00:55:12,980 --> 00:55:17,693 In 1949, I made I Shot Jesse James for him. 913 00:55:17,777 --> 00:55:20,404 And we closed the deal on a handshake 914 00:55:20,488 --> 00:55:22,198 because he liked my yarn. 915 00:55:22,990 --> 00:55:25,868 When the movie unexpectedly made some dough for Lippert, 916 00:55:25,952 --> 00:55:29,455 he shared the profits with me exactly as we'd agreed. 917 00:55:29,539 --> 00:55:32,375 And we went on to make several pictures together. 918 00:55:38,089 --> 00:55:41,092 Now the offers came streaming in from the majors. 919 00:55:41,175 --> 00:55:43,553 I met with all the studio heads. 920 00:55:43,636 --> 00:55:47,723 When I first met Darryl Zanuck, he was already a mogul. 921 00:55:47,807 --> 00:55:50,893 The only mogul who didn't talk about money. 922 00:55:50,977 --> 00:55:55,106 'What story you want to make next, Sammy?' he asked me. 923 00:55:55,189 --> 00:55:58,526 Holy smokes, that was a question I'd been waiting to hear. 924 00:55:58,609 --> 00:56:03,197 More than any other studio head, Darryl loved stories. 925 00:56:03,281 --> 00:56:06,951 That made me love the guy from the first moment I met him. 926 00:56:07,034 --> 00:56:08,953 Darryl would act out scenes with me. 927 00:56:09,036 --> 00:56:12,665 He'd even get on the floor when there was a body in the script. 928 00:56:12,748 --> 00:56:14,959 If he said, 'Okay, let's do it, ' 929 00:56:15,042 --> 00:56:17,211 your picture was in production. 930 00:56:17,295 --> 00:56:19,589 My deal with Darryl was for six pictures. 931 00:56:19,672 --> 00:56:21,674 Half a year, I'd work for Fox. 932 00:56:21,757 --> 00:56:24,343 The other half, I could do anything I wanted. 933 00:56:24,427 --> 00:56:28,848 A new period of creativity and accomplishment was dawning. 934 00:56:34,312 --> 00:56:37,648 Throughout the '50s, I got offers to direct big movies, 935 00:56:37,732 --> 00:56:41,235 adapted from best-selling books with major stars attached. 936 00:56:41,319 --> 00:56:43,154 One after another I turned them down 937 00:56:43,237 --> 00:56:46,240 for a variety of personal and professional reasons. 938 00:56:46,324 --> 00:56:49,577 In general, making less expensive movies 939 00:56:49,660 --> 00:56:52,538 meant maintaining my independence, 940 00:56:52,622 --> 00:56:55,166 avoiding the studios tampering with my scripts, 941 00:56:55,249 --> 00:56:57,710 imposing their casting and editing choices." 942 00:57:06,302 --> 00:57:09,513 [announcer] Gene Evans as America's great fighting editor 943 00:57:09,597 --> 00:57:12,767 in the first terrific struggle for the most famous street in the world, 944 00:57:12,850 --> 00:57:14,477 Park Row. 945 00:57:21,525 --> 00:57:23,527 "Maybe it was a fatal career flaw, 946 00:57:23,611 --> 00:57:27,156 but small-budget independence was more appealing to me 947 00:57:27,239 --> 00:57:30,368 than all the thunder of major productions. 948 00:57:30,451 --> 00:57:34,622 In Hollywood, the artistic climate was appalling. 949 00:57:34,705 --> 00:57:37,667 Studios were factories grinding out safe movies 950 00:57:37,750 --> 00:57:39,585 like bland sausages, 951 00:57:39,669 --> 00:57:42,713 anxious to please right-wing review boards, 952 00:57:42,797 --> 00:57:46,926 scrutinizing all material for suspicious ideas." 953 00:57:47,677 --> 00:57:49,720 But you wouldn't sell him to a Commie. 954 00:57:50,972 --> 00:57:53,641 What do you think I am, an informer? 955 00:57:53,724 --> 00:57:59,355 "In 1950, the McCarran Act led straight to Hollywood's front door 956 00:57:59,438 --> 00:58:03,818 because the infamous Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy of Wisconsin 957 00:58:03,901 --> 00:58:06,696 exploited it to uncover 958 00:58:06,779 --> 00:58:09,657 Communist influence in the arts." 959 00:58:09,740 --> 00:58:11,909 What's the matter with you? 960 00:58:11,993 --> 00:58:14,245 Playing footsies with the Commies. 961 00:58:14,328 --> 00:58:16,956 [scoffs] You wavin' the flag too? 962 00:58:17,623 --> 00:58:21,002 "The FBI chief, J. Edgar Hoover, 963 00:58:21,085 --> 00:58:24,547 was very perturbed about Pickup on South Street 964 00:58:24,630 --> 00:58:26,799 and wanted to see Zanuck and me about it. 965 00:58:26,882 --> 00:58:29,969 A lunch meeting was set up at Romanoff's. 966 00:58:30,052 --> 00:58:34,682 The FBI chief told me he didn't care for The Steel Helmet or Fixed Bayonets, 967 00:58:34,765 --> 00:58:38,686 but that Pickup on South Street had gone much too far. 968 00:58:38,769 --> 00:58:41,939 First of all, he didn't like the hero doing business 969 00:58:42,023 --> 00:58:44,608 with both Communists and Americans. 970 00:58:45,735 --> 00:58:50,489 'How could an American think only about money at a time like this in our history?' 971 00:58:50,573 --> 00:58:52,116 Hoover asked. 972 00:58:52,199 --> 00:58:54,577 'He doesn't give a damn about history, ' I explained. 973 00:58:54,660 --> 00:58:58,956 'He's an outlaw. The guy's only motivation is to score. ' 974 00:58:59,040 --> 00:59:01,125 What Hoover hated the most was the scene 975 00:59:01,208 --> 00:59:05,463 when the FBI agent asks the pickpocket to cooperate." 976 00:59:05,546 --> 00:59:07,631 If you refuse to cooperate, you'll be as guilty 977 00:59:07,715 --> 00:59:10,009 as the traitors that gave Stalin the A-bomb. 978 00:59:11,302 --> 00:59:12,678 Are you waving a flag at me? 979 00:59:12,762 --> 00:59:15,848 "Said Hoover, quoting from the script. 980 00:59:15,931 --> 00:59:18,851 'What kind of thing is that for an American to say?' 981 00:59:18,934 --> 00:59:21,520 'That's his character, ' I replied. 982 00:59:21,604 --> 00:59:23,606 'If it were another character, ' I explained, 983 00:59:23,689 --> 00:59:27,234 'he might say, By God, I'd do anything for my country.' 984 00:59:27,318 --> 00:59:31,322 Hoover was like some of the biased critics I've run into over the years. 985 00:59:31,405 --> 00:59:34,950 They look at everything exclusively from their own perspective. 986 00:59:35,034 --> 00:59:37,661 If a movie is in line with their position, it's good. 987 00:59:37,745 --> 00:59:40,081 If it's out of line, it's bad. 988 00:59:40,164 --> 00:59:43,709 Hell, a writer has to write from a character's viewpoint. 989 00:59:43,793 --> 00:59:49,799 I explained to Hoover that if I write believable dialogue for an unpatriotic character, 990 00:59:49,882 --> 00:59:52,093 it doesn't make me un-American. 991 00:59:52,176 --> 00:59:55,096 It's not me talking. It's my character. 992 00:59:55,179 --> 00:59:58,599 The power that Hoover wielded back then was incredible. 993 00:59:58,682 --> 01:00:03,604 The truth about the formidable FBI chief wouldn't be known until many years later. 994 01:00:03,687 --> 01:00:07,525 And there he was, questioning my integrity and honesty, 995 01:00:07,608 --> 01:00:11,821 while he was blackmailing people to keep himself in power." 996 01:00:14,281 --> 01:00:17,910 [Constance Towers] "My tale is full of human foible 997 01:00:17,993 --> 01:00:20,037 and confusion. 998 01:00:20,121 --> 01:00:22,039 With many pictures under my belt, 999 01:00:22,123 --> 01:00:25,835 now established as a writer-director in Hollywood, 1000 01:00:25,918 --> 01:00:29,046 I should have been sleeping peacefully under those silk sheets 1001 01:00:29,130 --> 01:00:31,423 in my big house in Beverly Hills. 1002 01:00:31,507 --> 01:00:34,343 Nothing could have been further from the truth. 1003 01:00:34,426 --> 01:00:38,430 I tossed and turned all night long, 1004 01:00:38,514 --> 01:00:41,308 wracked by horrific nightmares. 1005 01:00:41,392 --> 01:00:44,395 Music was my immediate remedy. 1006 01:00:44,478 --> 01:00:47,940 I got up, went downstairs, 1007 01:00:48,023 --> 01:00:50,568 and immersed myself in Beethoven, 1008 01:00:50,651 --> 01:00:52,653 Bach, or Mozart. 1009 01:00:53,904 --> 01:00:58,492 See, music is an essential part 1010 01:00:58,576 --> 01:01:00,327 of every picture I make." 1011 01:01:00,911 --> 01:01:03,873 [Beethoven's Fifth Symphony playing] 1012 01:01:09,253 --> 01:01:11,714 "Before photographs and movies, 1013 01:01:11,797 --> 01:01:16,010 people were listening to music and getting strong emotional messages. 1014 01:01:16,093 --> 01:01:18,345 When I write, 1015 01:01:18,429 --> 01:01:22,766 I visualize what I want to happen on the screen 1016 01:01:22,850 --> 01:01:25,227 and imagine the accompanying music. 1017 01:01:26,187 --> 01:01:29,773 I can actually see the action and dialogue better 1018 01:01:29,857 --> 01:01:31,859 by adding music early in the script." 1019 01:01:31,942 --> 01:01:35,613 [Beethoven's Fifth Symphony continues playing] 1020 01:01:38,699 --> 01:01:40,534 [gunfire] 1021 01:01:51,670 --> 01:01:53,672 "There is no end in art. 1022 01:01:55,174 --> 01:01:58,135 Every accomplishment 1023 01:01:58,219 --> 01:02:00,930 is the dawn of the next challenge. 1024 01:02:07,728 --> 01:02:10,105 Seize your audience by the balls 1025 01:02:10,189 --> 01:02:12,483 as soon as the credits hit the screen 1026 01:02:12,566 --> 01:02:13,984 and hang onto them. 1027 01:02:14,068 --> 01:02:17,613 Smack people right in the face with the passion of your story. 1028 01:02:17,696 --> 01:02:20,574 Make the public love your characters or hate them, 1029 01:02:20,658 --> 01:02:23,410 but for God's sakes, never-- 1030 01:02:23,494 --> 01:02:26,330 Never leave them indifferent. 1031 01:02:27,248 --> 01:02:30,251 Maybe you do a picture to exorcise old demons. 1032 01:02:31,377 --> 01:02:34,964 Then your yarn makes you start grinding your teeth all over again, 1033 01:02:35,047 --> 01:02:38,425 tormented by images that you've concocted. 1034 01:02:38,509 --> 01:02:40,010 I was lucky. 1035 01:02:40,094 --> 01:02:42,471 At critical moments in my life, 1036 01:02:42,554 --> 01:02:46,809 role models like Terry Allen and John Ford 1037 01:02:46,892 --> 01:02:50,312 took me under their wings and kept me from derailing, 1038 01:02:50,396 --> 01:02:52,439 showing me how to be a mensch. 1039 01:02:53,148 --> 01:02:54,692 I was afflicted early on 1040 01:02:54,775 --> 01:02:57,569 by an irresistible longing to roam. 1041 01:02:57,653 --> 01:03:02,491 Even today, no matter how luxurious or cozy the roof over my head, 1042 01:03:02,574 --> 01:03:05,828 I'd leave it behind in a flash for the chance to travel 1043 01:03:05,911 --> 01:03:08,289 to some exotic locale, 1044 01:03:09,498 --> 01:03:11,333 especially to make a movie. 1045 01:03:31,770 --> 01:03:35,774 Hell, I guess I'm really a goddamn tramp at heart. 1046 01:03:37,109 --> 01:03:41,196 Packing up my cigars and my Royal, I was on my way. 1047 01:03:41,280 --> 01:03:44,116 It was late September, 1965, 1048 01:03:44,199 --> 01:03:46,577 when I arrived in Paris." 1049 01:03:46,660 --> 01:03:49,663 I'm an American film director. My name is Samuel Fuller. 1050 01:03:49,747 --> 01:03:53,500 I'm here to make a picture in Paris called Flowers of Evil. 1051 01:03:54,501 --> 01:03:58,297 "During the day I worked on my Flowers of Evil script. 1052 01:03:58,380 --> 01:04:00,966 In the evening I met Christa. 1053 01:04:10,351 --> 01:04:12,936 She really knew her way around Paris." 1054 01:04:13,896 --> 01:04:16,315 Don't you wait for a man to open the door for you? 1055 01:04:16,398 --> 01:04:21,278 The last time a man opened the door for me, we were going 60 miles an hour. 1056 01:04:21,362 --> 01:04:24,323 [Towers] "I was getting invited to all kinds of openings, 1057 01:04:24,406 --> 01:04:26,575 parties, and cultural events. 1058 01:04:26,658 --> 01:04:29,286 Christa was constantly at my side. 1059 01:04:30,037 --> 01:04:32,247 She enjoyed the socializing. 1060 01:04:32,331 --> 01:04:36,377 All the attention being showered on me was flattering at first, 1061 01:04:36,460 --> 01:04:38,629 but it began to wear thin. 1062 01:04:40,047 --> 01:04:42,674 When I got back to Hollywood, 1063 01:04:42,758 --> 01:04:46,011 reality came hurtling down upon me. 1064 01:04:46,095 --> 01:04:50,391 People think Hollywood is a heartless and a destructive place. 1065 01:04:50,474 --> 01:04:52,393 I don't believe that crap. 1066 01:04:52,476 --> 01:04:55,771 The studio boys could take a movie away from me, 1067 01:04:55,854 --> 01:04:59,066 but they couldn't take away my optimism. 1068 01:04:59,149 --> 01:05:01,235 I was chock full of ideas, 1069 01:05:01,318 --> 01:05:05,864 determined to do whatever was needed to support my young wife. 1070 01:05:05,948 --> 01:05:10,119 Blaming the motion picture business was useless. 1071 01:05:10,202 --> 01:05:15,541 Jotting down ideas constantly in a little notebook I kept with me day and night, 1072 01:05:15,624 --> 01:05:18,168 I continued writing new stories, 1073 01:05:18,252 --> 01:05:21,380 researching current events, reading history books, 1074 01:05:21,463 --> 01:05:24,174 coming up with ideas almost everyday. 1075 01:05:25,384 --> 01:05:30,264 I had over 100 titles registered with the Writers Guild, 1076 01:05:30,347 --> 01:05:33,684 some with entire scripts already written, 1077 01:05:33,767 --> 01:05:37,020 some based on stories or treatments, 1078 01:05:37,104 --> 01:05:40,232 and some... just titles 1079 01:05:40,315 --> 01:05:42,985 for future development. 1080 01:05:43,068 --> 01:05:47,489 Developing a piss-cutter of a movie from scratch... 1081 01:05:49,283 --> 01:05:52,786 was what I loved doing most." 1082 01:05:55,622 --> 01:06:00,752 "By the mid-'60s, America's mood changed drastically. 1083 01:06:00,836 --> 01:06:03,172 Our society was in upheaval. 1084 01:06:03,255 --> 01:06:06,258 For crying out loud, it seemed like a perfect time 1085 01:06:06,341 --> 01:06:09,344 for me and my ballsy yarns. 1086 01:06:10,137 --> 01:06:13,849 Of course, life doesn't always work out the way you think it will. 1087 01:06:13,932 --> 01:06:15,851 Rather than prolific, 1088 01:06:15,934 --> 01:06:18,437 the '60s turned out to be tough going. 1089 01:06:19,521 --> 01:06:21,857 I resorted to my tramping ways, 1090 01:06:21,940 --> 01:06:26,445 going wherever in the world a producer would back one of my projects. 1091 01:06:26,528 --> 01:06:30,407 Even then, I didn't make half the movies I wanted to. 1092 01:06:30,491 --> 01:06:32,576 One of the tricks I've learned 1093 01:06:32,659 --> 01:06:36,163 is to tap constantly into my creative juices, 1094 01:06:36,246 --> 01:06:40,584 no matter if there's a producer to finance a movie or not. 1095 01:06:41,210 --> 01:06:44,838 When you're least expecting it, one will show up. 1096 01:06:45,714 --> 01:06:49,384 You damn well better be ready to pull a script you really love 1097 01:06:49,468 --> 01:06:51,970 out of your desk drawer. 1098 01:06:52,054 --> 01:06:54,973 You see, I had to keep making movies. 1099 01:06:55,057 --> 01:06:58,143 It was in my blood, after all these years. 1100 01:07:01,980 --> 01:07:05,067 Now, I was a tough guy to be married to, 1101 01:07:05,150 --> 01:07:07,486 but somehow we made it work, 1102 01:07:07,569 --> 01:07:10,989 realizing right away that it takes two to tango. 1103 01:07:12,366 --> 01:07:14,826 One day I ran into Lee Marvin. 1104 01:07:14,910 --> 01:07:17,204 'Sammy, 'said Lee, 1105 01:07:17,287 --> 01:07:20,332 'when are you gonna do The Big Red One?' 1106 01:07:20,415 --> 01:07:25,212 Marvin knew about the precious movie that I'd been working on all those years. 1107 01:07:25,295 --> 01:07:27,339 I'd kept him in the loop. 1108 01:07:27,422 --> 01:07:32,052 'You'll be my sergeant, ' I said, making a promise I'd never break. 1109 01:07:33,262 --> 01:07:37,349 There were just two projects I wanted to focus on now-- 1110 01:07:37,432 --> 01:07:40,352 The baby that Christa was about to have 1111 01:07:40,435 --> 01:07:42,646 and The Big Red One, 1112 01:07:42,729 --> 01:07:47,734 the movie that I had to find a way to give birth to. 1113 01:07:49,152 --> 01:07:53,365 Christa's pregnancy went to term without a glitch. 1114 01:07:53,448 --> 01:07:56,493 At the age of 63, 1115 01:07:56,577 --> 01:07:59,788 I'd become a father for the first time. 1116 01:08:00,706 --> 01:08:03,959 I'd never felt more ambitious or energetic. 1117 01:08:04,042 --> 01:08:07,504 Nothing and no one could ever get me down. 1118 01:08:07,588 --> 01:08:10,215 I wanted my little girl 1119 01:08:10,299 --> 01:08:12,718 to be proud of her daddy. 1120 01:08:12,801 --> 01:08:15,679 The Big Red One was an official entry 1121 01:08:15,762 --> 01:08:18,557 at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival. 1122 01:08:18,640 --> 01:08:22,019 Even in its drastically cut version, 1123 01:08:22,102 --> 01:08:25,897 critics called it one of the best war movies ever made. 1124 01:08:26,815 --> 01:08:31,612 But my problem in Hollywood was that power and money 1125 01:08:31,695 --> 01:08:33,864 never gave me a hard-on. 1126 01:08:33,947 --> 01:08:38,243 I'd put my life on the line to stand up for democracy, 1127 01:08:38,327 --> 01:08:42,039 fighting fascism because it was antagonistic 1128 01:08:42,122 --> 01:08:44,291 to the Jeffersonian principles 1129 01:08:44,374 --> 01:08:46,918 that all men are created equal. 1130 01:08:47,878 --> 01:08:50,505 I was one of the first directors in Hollywood 1131 01:08:50,589 --> 01:08:55,093 to use actors of color in intelligent, complex roles. 1132 01:08:56,094 --> 01:08:57,929 The black medic in The Steel Helmet. 1133 01:08:58,013 --> 01:09:02,309 Nat King Cole's sensitive soldier in China Gate. 1134 01:09:02,392 --> 01:09:07,356 Hari Rhodes' twisted college dropout in Shock Corridor. 1135 01:09:07,439 --> 01:09:11,026 James Shigeta's detective, who gets the gal 1136 01:09:11,109 --> 01:09:13,153 in The Crimson Kimono. 1137 01:09:13,236 --> 01:09:17,240 After depicting the little guy and his right to be different 1138 01:09:17,324 --> 01:09:18,992 in movie after movie, 1139 01:09:19,076 --> 01:09:22,704 no matter what economic status or race, 1140 01:09:22,788 --> 01:09:26,625 I thought I'd made my position on equality crystal clear." 1141 01:09:26,708 --> 01:09:30,629 I understand you're an "I-talian," Vinci. 1142 01:09:30,712 --> 01:09:33,382 How come they let a wop in this man's army? 1143 01:09:34,341 --> 01:09:37,761 I don't think a wop's gonna fight a wop. 1144 01:09:37,844 --> 01:09:43,058 I think all you'll do is drink dago red and sing "'O Sole Mio." 1145 01:09:43,141 --> 01:09:44,976 [laughs] 1146 01:09:46,687 --> 01:09:50,691 ♪ 'O sole mio ♪ 1147 01:09:50,774 --> 01:09:54,444 [men joining in] ♪ La-la, la-la ♪ 1148 01:09:54,528 --> 01:09:58,031 "To my amazement and consternation, 1149 01:09:58,115 --> 01:10:00,283 rumors began to circulate 1150 01:10:00,367 --> 01:10:02,828 that my upcoming film, White Dog, 1151 01:10:02,911 --> 01:10:05,247 was a racist movie, 1152 01:10:05,330 --> 01:10:08,917 even before the picture had been previewed in public. 1153 01:10:09,000 --> 01:10:12,337 Paramount hadn't set a release date yet. 1154 01:10:12,421 --> 01:10:14,172 A meeting was called. 1155 01:10:14,256 --> 01:10:17,551 As soon as I sat down in their conference room, 1156 01:10:17,634 --> 01:10:19,136 they dropped the bomb. 1157 01:10:19,219 --> 01:10:21,763 They were gonna shelve my film. 1158 01:10:21,847 --> 01:10:23,473 I was deeply hurt. 1159 01:10:23,557 --> 01:10:26,184 The studio had used me as a scapegoat 1160 01:10:26,268 --> 01:10:29,980 for their lack of determination and courage. 1161 01:10:30,063 --> 01:10:33,483 Nightmares made sleeping hellish." 1162 01:10:33,567 --> 01:10:36,570 I have the nightmare all the time. 1163 01:10:36,653 --> 01:10:41,658 "In my bad dreams, I became characters in my movies. 1164 01:10:41,742 --> 01:10:45,120 Sometimes the old Indian in Run of the Arrow, 1165 01:10:45,203 --> 01:10:47,539 who is scorned by the young braves. 1166 01:10:47,622 --> 01:10:51,877 Sometimes the commanding general in Merrill's Marauders, 1167 01:10:51,960 --> 01:10:54,504 trekking through the jungle with his soldiers. 1168 01:10:54,588 --> 01:10:58,341 Sometimes Johnny Barrett, trapped in an asylum 1169 01:10:58,425 --> 01:11:00,302 in Shock Corridor. 1170 01:11:00,385 --> 01:11:02,721 I woke up before dawn, 1171 01:11:02,804 --> 01:11:05,599 soaked from my own sweat, 1172 01:11:05,682 --> 01:11:10,896 as if I'd been running from a vicious white dog. 1173 01:11:12,606 --> 01:11:15,567 [growling] 1174 01:11:18,528 --> 01:11:20,822 [gunshots] 1175 01:11:23,825 --> 01:11:26,703 I became like a foreigner in my own country. 1176 01:11:27,579 --> 01:11:29,831 In France, by contrast, 1177 01:11:29,915 --> 01:11:32,292 I was always treated with esteem. 1178 01:11:39,674 --> 01:11:45,305 I loved strolling in Paris, where every corner, square, and quarter 1179 01:11:45,388 --> 01:11:47,224 was steeped in history. 1180 01:11:48,225 --> 01:11:50,644 And what a violent history it was. 1181 01:11:54,022 --> 01:11:56,358 My long life had run parallel 1182 01:11:56,441 --> 01:11:58,944 with most of the 20th century, 1183 01:11:59,027 --> 01:12:02,572 intersecting with some of the memorable characters 1184 01:12:02,656 --> 01:12:04,658 and momentous upheavals. 1185 01:12:07,202 --> 01:12:11,706 I'd seen my fellow Americans at their best and at their worst. 1186 01:12:11,790 --> 01:12:14,668 Their enthusiasm, ingeniousness, 1187 01:12:14,751 --> 01:12:16,753 and sheer industry 1188 01:12:16,837 --> 01:12:18,839 are truly remarkable. 1189 01:12:18,922 --> 01:12:22,843 Yet into the fabric of my times have been woven 1190 01:12:22,926 --> 01:12:25,178 devastating world wars, 1191 01:12:25,262 --> 01:12:27,138 poverty and ignorance, 1192 01:12:27,222 --> 01:12:30,892 social rifts based on race, 1193 01:12:30,976 --> 01:12:33,770 and wealthy, psychopathic hate groups 1194 01:12:33,854 --> 01:12:35,438 like the Ku Klux Klan." 1195 01:12:35,522 --> 01:12:38,233 - Keep our schools white! - Keep 'em white! That's right! 1196 01:12:38,316 --> 01:12:40,902 - I'm against Catholics! - Hallelujah, man! Hallelujah! 1197 01:12:40,986 --> 01:12:43,113 - Against Jews! - Hallelujah! 1198 01:12:43,196 --> 01:12:45,740 - Against niggers! - Hallelujah! Hallelujah! 1199 01:12:46,324 --> 01:12:47,784 There's one! 1200 01:12:48,827 --> 01:12:51,705 Let's get that black boy before he marries my daughter! 1201 01:12:51,788 --> 01:12:53,957 - Hallelujah! Hallelujah! - Hallelujah! 1202 01:12:54,040 --> 01:12:58,169 [shouting] 1203 01:12:58,253 --> 01:13:01,756 "For me, the hate-mongers and reactionaries 1204 01:13:01,840 --> 01:13:06,303 are the most loathsome thorns in the eye of a great democracy. 1205 01:13:07,512 --> 01:13:11,057 Every generation will have their own, 1206 01:13:11,141 --> 01:13:14,227 and they must be fought 1207 01:13:14,311 --> 01:13:15,604 and defeated. 1208 01:13:17,480 --> 01:13:20,525 I've never lost my ardor for history 1209 01:13:20,609 --> 01:13:22,903 and its illuminations. 1210 01:13:22,986 --> 01:13:25,614 Nor have I ever mislaid my optimism. 1211 01:13:26,698 --> 01:13:29,910 Living on the edge of Hollywood for so many years, 1212 01:13:29,993 --> 01:13:32,829 physically and spiritually, 1213 01:13:32,913 --> 01:13:35,665 I remain, to this day, 1214 01:13:35,749 --> 01:13:37,751 an outsider. 1215 01:13:37,834 --> 01:13:42,589 As for life, I always plunged in headfirst, 1216 01:13:42,672 --> 01:13:44,799 without worrying about failure. 1217 01:13:44,883 --> 01:13:50,180 If there's one reason to recount my personal history, 1218 01:13:50,263 --> 01:13:52,891 something inspirational 1219 01:13:52,974 --> 01:13:55,852 that I'd like my life experiences 1220 01:13:55,936 --> 01:13:57,687 to offer you, 1221 01:13:57,771 --> 01:14:01,399 be you young or young at heart, 1222 01:14:01,483 --> 01:14:06,863 then it would be to encourage you to persist with all your heart and energy 1223 01:14:06,947 --> 01:14:09,366 in what you want to achieve, 1224 01:14:09,449 --> 01:14:14,371 no matter how crazy your dreams seem to be to others. 1225 01:14:14,454 --> 01:14:19,584 Believe me, you'll prevail over all the naysayers and bastards 1226 01:14:19,668 --> 01:14:23,296 who are telling you it just can't be done. 1227 01:14:25,632 --> 01:14:28,510 Okay, now, all you voices. 1228 01:14:28,593 --> 01:14:30,804 Let yourselves be heard." 1229 01:14:33,181 --> 01:14:35,475 [Fuller] Cut! Did you get it? 1230 01:14:39,396 --> 01:14:41,690 [inhales] 1231 01:14:44,192 --> 01:14:45,694 [door closes] 1232 01:15:27,944 --> 01:15:29,529 [no audible dialogue] 1233 01:15:32,866 --> 01:15:35,493 [no audible dialogue] 1234 01:15:40,707 --> 01:15:43,084 [no audible dialogue] 1235 01:15:47,839 --> 01:15:50,008 [no audible dialogue] 1236 01:15:54,721 --> 01:15:57,223 If I had to pick an adjective to describe Sam Fuller, 1237 01:15:57,307 --> 01:15:59,225 it would be "exuberant." 1238 01:16:19,287 --> 01:16:21,289 Sam, Sam, Sam. 1239 01:16:40,558 --> 01:16:43,144 There wasn't a moment in any film I did with him 1240 01:16:43,228 --> 01:16:45,855 that I didn't feel him thinking with me, 1241 01:16:45,939 --> 01:16:47,440 talking to me, 1242 01:16:47,524 --> 01:16:50,944 being as much a part of the emotion as I was. 1243 01:16:51,027 --> 01:16:53,196 You're still with us, Sam. 1244 01:16:53,279 --> 01:16:55,240 There is no keeping you down. 1245 01:16:55,323 --> 01:16:58,201 Not the naysayers, you know, 1246 01:16:58,284 --> 01:17:00,411 no matter who they may be. 1247 01:17:00,495 --> 01:17:03,498 You have helped a lot of young people already 1248 01:17:03,581 --> 01:17:06,251 give voice to their dreams, Sam. 1249 01:17:06,334 --> 01:17:10,171 And with what you've written here, there'll be many more, I'm sure. 1250 01:18:21,534 --> 01:18:24,370 [man] ♪ See, you've got three faces ♪ 1251 01:18:24,454 --> 01:18:26,623 ♪ The first you're born with ♪ 1252 01:18:26,706 --> 01:18:31,085 ♪ The one in the mirror That feels Mama's kiss ♪ 1253 01:18:31,169 --> 01:18:33,504 ♪ Papa's ruby cheeks ♪ 1254 01:18:33,588 --> 01:18:35,590 ♪ Thin lips like me ♪ 1255 01:18:35,673 --> 01:18:39,636 ♪ A set of crooked chops From your genealogy ♪ 1256 01:18:41,346 --> 01:18:45,767 ♪ The second is created by your ingenuity ♪ 1257 01:18:45,850 --> 01:18:50,396 ♪ The one that shows passion And your sensitivity ♪ 1258 01:18:50,480 --> 01:18:54,901 ♪ Downcast when times are rough Cold with confusion ♪ 1259 01:18:54,984 --> 01:18:59,197 ♪ Charming and sweet When seduction is the treat ♪ 1260 01:19:00,657 --> 01:19:03,743 ♪ New York, San Francisco ♪ 1261 01:19:05,203 --> 01:19:08,498 ♪ Plenty good yarns he had in store ♪ 1262 01:19:08,581 --> 01:19:10,959 ♪ That's what he lived for ♪ 1263 01:19:12,919 --> 01:19:15,338 ♪ That's what he lived for ♪ 1264 01:19:16,381 --> 01:19:18,466 ♪ Then there's the third face ♪ 1265 01:19:18,549 --> 01:19:20,760 ♪ No one can see ♪ 1266 01:19:20,843 --> 01:19:25,139 ♪ Not in the mirror Not lovers, just me ♪ 1267 01:19:25,223 --> 01:19:29,435 ♪ Privy to your deepest fears Hopes and dreams ♪ 1268 01:19:29,519 --> 01:19:33,564 ♪ Guarding secrets for all eternity ♪ 1269 01:19:35,275 --> 01:19:39,696 ♪ The third remains hidden From your dearest loved one ♪ 1270 01:19:39,779 --> 01:19:44,200 ♪ A mystery of life I'll ponder till I'm done ♪ 1271 01:19:44,284 --> 01:19:46,577 ♪ That's how we survive ♪ 1272 01:19:46,661 --> 01:19:48,830 ♪ Glory and pain ♪ 1273 01:19:48,913 --> 01:19:53,084 ♪ A piece of yourself always to remain ♪ 1274 01:19:54,585 --> 01:19:57,755 ♪ New York, San Francisco ♪ 1275 01:19:59,007 --> 01:20:02,218 ♪ Plenty good yarns he had in store ♪ 1276 01:20:02,302 --> 01:20:04,721 ♪ That's what he lived for ♪ 1277 01:20:06,723 --> 01:20:08,808 ♪ That's what he lived for ♪ 1278 01:20:11,185 --> 01:20:13,396 ♪ That's what he lived for ♪ 1279 01:20:14,147 --> 01:20:16,524 [song ends] 113680

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