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The Florida coast is host to
one of the biggest gatherings
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of animals
in the United States.
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♪ ♪
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Mullet in the millions.
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♪ ♪
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Heading south past Miami Beach,
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toward a very special
national park.
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♪ ♪
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A journey that is
fraught with danger.
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♪ ♪
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The mullet have ten miles to go
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before they reach
Biscayne National Park.
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But first they need to run
a gauntlet of predators.
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♪ ♪
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00:01:07,567 --> 00:01:09,611
♪ ♪
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Biscayne National Park.
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Right on the doorstep of Miami.
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♪ ♪
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These inviting waters are home
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to Florida's
most iconic animal...
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♪ ♪
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The manatee.
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They're here thanks to one of
the most important habitats
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on the planet.
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♪ ♪
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Seagrass meadows.
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♪ ♪
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The rain forests of the sea.
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♪ ♪
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They provide oxygen and lock in
carbon with their roots,
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helping to protect
our natural world.
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♪ ♪
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(squeak)
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For a manatee mom and her calf,
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it takes somewhere special to
provide everything they need.
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(squeak)
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Warm, shallow,
sheltered water,
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and seagrass; lots of it.
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(squeak)
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Mom needs to eat
around 66 pounds a day.
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Luckily, almost half
of this park is seagrass.
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♪ ♪
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(squeak)
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Once full, she can relax
and feed her calf.
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♪ ♪
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The family will
spend the summer
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hunting for the best grazing.
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♪ ♪
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Their travels take them
past the park's islands,
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its tropical
mangrove forests...
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♪ ♪
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...and further north
past Miami.
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♪ ♪
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But it won't be easy.
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♪ ♪
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Finding good grazing
in Florida's waters
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is becoming difficult
for manatee moms.
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In polluted water, algal blooms
smother the seagrass meadows,
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preventing sunlight
from reaching them,
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and cause the grass to die.
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Florida has lost 50% of its
seagrass beds since the 1950s.
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As a result, manatees
are declining, too.
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But along a coastline
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struggling to preserve
this precious habitat,
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Biscayne's seagrass meadows
are a vital oasis.
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Manatees are not alone in
depending on the seagrass.
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It's also home to one of the
park's smallest inhabitants.
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♪ ♪
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The dwarf seahorse.
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Just one inch tall.
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And a surprisingly bad swimmer.
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To keep from being swept away,
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they use their tails
to hold on.
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♪ ♪
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They feed by sucking in
passing food.
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♪ ♪
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So quick, that if you blink,
you'll miss it.
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♪ ♪
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But it's their love life
that causes a stir.
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In the seahorse world,
males have babies.
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His partner merely
drops her eggs
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into his kangaroo-like pouch,
leaving him to do the rest.
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11 days later,
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birth starts.
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♪ ♪
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Once out, the little ones
are on their own.
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♪ ♪
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Some are reluctant to leave
the safety of Dad's pouch,
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even during birth.
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Their instinct to hang on
is strong.
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♪ ♪
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Dad gives birth to
up to 16 young at a time.
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♪ ♪
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By fish standards,
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seahorses have a fairly
high survival rate.
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♪ ♪
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But the future of these tiny
critters is heavily reliant
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on the health of
the seagrass beds.
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Luckily this youngster's
new home is within
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the protected waters
of Biscayne National Park.
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♪ ♪
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95% of it is underwater.
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♪ ♪
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The park's seagrass beds
and resident seahorses
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are kept safe from
the wild Atlantic Ocean...
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♪ ♪
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...by the third largest
coral reef in the world.
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♪ ♪
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The Florida Reef rises up
out of deep water,
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00:08:50,571 --> 00:08:55,868
creating a protective wall
360 miles long.
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♪ ♪
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Shielding six million people
from waves and storm surges.
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♪ ♪
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The true unsung hero of
Biscayne National Park.
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♪ ♪
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The coral barrier reef marks
the park's Atlantic edge.
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♪ ♪
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On its western boundary
lies an unlikely sanctuary
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for one of the park's
largest predators.
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♪ ♪
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Meet the American crocodile.
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00:09:48,421 --> 00:09:50,631
♪ ♪
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Weighing in at 400 pounds
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and 10 feet long.
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Classic ambush hunters,
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nothing is off the menu
for this crocodile.
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00:10:06,939 --> 00:10:13,112
♪ ♪
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Unlike her more fearsome
Australian and African cousins,
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she's no man-eater.
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♪ ♪
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Hers is a story of
hope and survival.
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By the early '70s
there were less than 300
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American crocodiles
left in Florida.
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00:10:44,935 --> 00:10:49,231
Now there are thousands.
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Thanks to an unlikely savior.
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In the 1970s, Turkey Point's
nuclear power station was built
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next door to what would become
Biscayne National Park.
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♪ ♪
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It's now home to
nearly a quarter
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00:11:10,670 --> 00:11:13,756
of the American crocodile
population.
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00:11:13,839 --> 00:11:18,511
♪ ♪
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00:11:18,594 --> 00:11:21,889
Their fierce reputation
does them a disservice.
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Croc moms are
surprisingly caring.
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Eleven weeks ago,
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00:11:35,403 --> 00:11:39,532
she buried around 30 eggs
in this shallow nest.
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00:11:44,745 --> 00:11:51,502
♪ ♪
147
00:11:51,585 --> 00:11:57,550
She's checking on her brood
with increasing regularity.
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00:11:57,633 --> 00:12:01,387
Listening for the sound of
chirping within the eggs.
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00:12:01,470 --> 00:12:04,432
(chirping)
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00:12:04,515 --> 00:12:08,227
Hatching has started.
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00:12:10,146 --> 00:12:13,190
(chirping)
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The sound of their siblings
chirping from inside the eggs
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00:12:17,445 --> 00:12:22,825
spurs the hatchlings
to stage a mass breakout.
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♪ ♪
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The hatchlings are
nearly a foot long.
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♪ ♪
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00:13:06,243 --> 00:13:11,957
Equipped with sharp teeth
and ready to go.
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00:13:12,041 --> 00:13:15,669
(chirping)
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00:13:15,753 --> 00:13:21,050
But this great escape isn't
so easy for everyone.
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00:13:21,133 --> 00:13:24,512
Breaking out of the tough
shells is hard work.
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♪ ♪
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00:13:27,765 --> 00:13:29,391
He'd better hurry.
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00:13:29,475 --> 00:13:33,395
Mom is waiting to carry them
to the water.
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Without her help and protective
presence, he'll be vulnerable.
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♪ ♪
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00:13:43,823 --> 00:13:46,116
Best not get left behind.
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♪ ♪
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Even if your sibling
walks all over you.
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00:13:56,502 --> 00:14:03,467
♪ ♪
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00:14:05,219 --> 00:14:09,098
For hatchlings
struggling to escape,
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Mom will step in to help.
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00:14:11,767 --> 00:14:18,649
♪ ♪
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For this little guy, there's
no need to shout for Mom.
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♪ ♪
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Freedom.
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(chirping)
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The American crocodile's future
here at Turkey Point
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is looking bright.
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00:14:46,176 --> 00:14:48,596
With the addition
of these newborns,
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00:14:48,679 --> 00:14:51,181
numbers are on the rise.
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Between the park and
the power station,
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the crocodiles have
over 170,000 acres
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of protected area to roam.
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00:15:04,278 --> 00:15:08,741
More than enough space for this
clutch of growing youngsters.
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00:15:08,824 --> 00:15:15,789
♪ ♪
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Every corner of
Biscayne National Park
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provides shelter and a home.
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♪ ♪
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00:15:29,845 --> 00:15:33,432
The salt water-loving mangrove
forests are no different.
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00:15:33,515 --> 00:15:36,977
(distant squawking)
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Rising from the sand,
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00:15:38,687 --> 00:15:42,358
they're one of Biscayne's
most valuable resources.
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♪ ♪
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00:15:47,029 --> 00:15:51,325
These tangled trees absorb
the power from storm surges...
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00:15:51,408 --> 00:15:55,245
♪ ♪
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00:15:55,329 --> 00:15:59,291
...protecting the coastline
and millions of people
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00:15:59,375 --> 00:16:02,503
from destructive waves
and erosion.
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00:16:02,586 --> 00:16:07,508
♪ ♪
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00:16:07,591 --> 00:16:09,635
Alongside the seagrass,
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00:16:09,718 --> 00:16:12,721
mangrove forests are
a powerful tool
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00:16:12,805 --> 00:16:15,933
in the fight against
climate change.
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00:16:18,143 --> 00:16:20,980
They can store five times
more carbon
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00:16:21,063 --> 00:16:24,775
than tropical forests
like the Amazon.
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00:16:27,277 --> 00:16:30,990
The role they play here
is priceless.
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00:16:31,073 --> 00:16:37,913
♪ ♪
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00:16:38,539 --> 00:16:41,583
Above water,
birds roost in the branches.
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00:16:41,667 --> 00:16:44,545
(birds calling)
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00:16:44,628 --> 00:16:51,093
Underneath, mangroves hide
a secret world,
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00:16:51,176 --> 00:16:54,388
with easy pickings...
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00:16:54,471 --> 00:16:56,348
for those in the know.
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00:16:56,432 --> 00:17:03,397
♪ ♪
212
00:17:04,773 --> 00:17:07,735
The tightly packed roots
of the mangroves
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00:17:07,818 --> 00:17:10,320
are a perfect location
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00:17:10,404 --> 00:17:14,533
for a fish nursery.
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00:17:14,616 --> 00:17:17,786
A safe and sheltered home
to grow up in
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00:17:17,870 --> 00:17:21,331
before leaving for
the reef beyond.
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00:17:21,415 --> 00:17:28,380
♪ ♪
218
00:17:31,175 --> 00:17:35,095
But every neighborhood
has its troubles.
219
00:17:35,179 --> 00:17:42,061
♪ ♪
220
00:17:45,898 --> 00:17:50,778
A juvenile lemon shark cruises
Biscayne National Park,
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00:17:50,861 --> 00:17:55,199
here to learn one thing:
how to hunt.
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00:17:55,282 --> 00:18:01,080
♪ ♪
223
00:18:01,163 --> 00:18:02,748
The fish have
the size advantage
224
00:18:02,831 --> 00:18:05,626
in this deadly game
of hide-and-seek.
225
00:18:05,709 --> 00:18:12,633
♪ ♪
226
00:18:20,432 --> 00:18:23,477
The lemon shark needs
to be patient.
227
00:18:23,560 --> 00:18:30,442
♪ ♪
228
00:18:32,194 --> 00:18:36,907
Luckily, he's got the time.
229
00:18:36,990 --> 00:18:39,827
He will hunt in the safety
of the mangroves
230
00:18:39,910 --> 00:18:42,579
until he's seven
or eight years old,
231
00:18:42,663 --> 00:18:46,500
before moving out
to live and hunt
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00:18:46,583 --> 00:18:49,837
along Florida's
sandy coastal shallows.
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00:18:49,920 --> 00:18:56,802
♪ ♪
234
00:18:58,720 --> 00:19:01,557
Fish aren't the only ones
to use Biscayne National Park
235
00:19:01,640 --> 00:19:03,350
as a nursery.
236
00:19:05,394 --> 00:19:07,479
Under cover of darkness...
237
00:19:07,563 --> 00:19:08,981
(thunder)
238
00:19:09,064 --> 00:19:12,776
...and undeterred by
an encroaching lightning storm,
239
00:19:12,860 --> 00:19:17,739
an old traveler returns to
the beaches around Biscayne.
240
00:19:17,823 --> 00:19:21,451
(thunder)
241
00:19:21,535 --> 00:19:23,996
A female loggerhead turtle.
242
00:19:24,079 --> 00:19:28,250
♪ ♪
243
00:19:28,333 --> 00:19:30,127
She's traveled
thousands of miles
244
00:19:30,210 --> 00:19:34,548
to lay her eggs on the beach
where she hatched.
245
00:19:34,631 --> 00:19:39,720
♪ ♪
246
00:19:39,803 --> 00:19:45,142
Once in position,
she digs a deep enough hole
247
00:19:45,225 --> 00:19:48,562
to fit in over 100 eggs.
248
00:19:48,645 --> 00:19:55,527
♪ ♪
249
00:20:05,537 --> 00:20:09,291
Over 40% of the world's
loggerhead nests
250
00:20:09,374 --> 00:20:11,668
are in Florida.
251
00:20:15,464 --> 00:20:19,343
During the summer months,
nearly 100,000 nests
252
00:20:19,426 --> 00:20:22,262
will be dug
by returning turtles.
253
00:20:22,346 --> 00:20:29,311
♪ ♪
254
00:20:35,150 --> 00:20:40,239
Eggs laid and buried,
her role as mom is done.
255
00:20:40,322 --> 00:20:47,246
♪ ♪
256
00:20:48,455 --> 00:20:49,665
It's exhausting work
257
00:20:49,748 --> 00:20:53,377
when you're not designed
for a life on land.
258
00:20:53,460 --> 00:21:00,425
♪ ♪
259
00:21:01,969 --> 00:21:05,806
(thunder)
260
00:21:05,889 --> 00:21:12,854
♪ ♪
261
00:21:18,151 --> 00:21:21,655
From here on, her offspring
are on their own.
262
00:21:21,738 --> 00:21:28,662
♪ ♪
263
00:21:33,458 --> 00:21:37,045
Mom returns to her life
as an ocean wanderer.
264
00:21:37,129 --> 00:21:41,675
♪ ♪
265
00:21:41,758 --> 00:21:48,598
It will be at least two years
before she's back to lay again.
266
00:21:48,682 --> 00:21:50,809
But it will be over 20 years
267
00:21:50,892 --> 00:21:54,938
before her daughters are
mature enough to return.
268
00:21:55,022 --> 00:22:01,236
(waves crashing)
269
00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:04,823
Although dominated by water,
270
00:22:04,906 --> 00:22:07,743
the park isn't only
about marine life.
271
00:22:09,411 --> 00:22:14,082
There are 4,000 acres
of offshore island keys.
272
00:22:14,166 --> 00:22:20,005
♪ ♪
273
00:22:20,088 --> 00:22:23,216
Running through the heart
of Biscayne National Park
274
00:22:23,300 --> 00:22:28,055
sits the largest, Elliott Key.
275
00:22:28,138 --> 00:22:33,602
This tropical island is home to
a fragment of hammock forest,
276
00:22:33,685 --> 00:22:35,771
an ecosystem that
once stretched
277
00:22:35,854 --> 00:22:39,608
all the way through
the Florida Keys.
278
00:22:42,069 --> 00:22:45,781
Dense, damp and tangled,
279
00:22:45,864 --> 00:22:51,161
this is now one of the rarest
habitats in North America.
280
00:22:53,663 --> 00:22:58,043
For millennia, Elliott Key was
used as a seasonal settlement
281
00:22:58,126 --> 00:23:02,506
by the Tequesta people,
and then by fishermen.
282
00:23:02,589 --> 00:23:05,967
♪ ♪
283
00:23:06,051 --> 00:23:10,263
In the 1960s, developers
started plowing a highway
284
00:23:10,347 --> 00:23:12,974
through the island.
285
00:23:13,058 --> 00:23:16,269
Public backlash and
the establishment of Biscayne
286
00:23:16,353 --> 00:23:21,400
as a national monument in 1968
halted the work.
287
00:23:21,483 --> 00:23:26,196
♪ ♪
288
00:23:26,279 --> 00:23:30,283
Today, the overgrown highway
is delivering
289
00:23:30,367 --> 00:23:33,578
some very special cargo.
290
00:23:37,749 --> 00:23:42,129
♪ ♪
291
00:23:42,212 --> 00:23:46,174
This is the Schaus'
swallowtail butterfly.
292
00:23:49,136 --> 00:23:51,930
Their undulating flight
is perfectly evolved
293
00:23:52,013 --> 00:23:56,893
to navigate the tangled,
ancient trees.
294
00:23:56,977 --> 00:23:59,312
They can even fly backward,
295
00:23:59,396 --> 00:24:03,817
handy when avoiding
avian predators.
296
00:24:03,900 --> 00:24:09,030
It's a sight which
nearly disappeared.
297
00:24:09,114 --> 00:24:12,367
When a survey was done in 2012,
298
00:24:12,451 --> 00:24:15,954
only four were found
in the wild.
299
00:24:16,037 --> 00:24:18,999
♪ ♪
300
00:24:21,501 --> 00:24:22,586
Thanks to the work of
301
00:24:22,669 --> 00:24:26,131
the Florida Museum
of Natural History,
302
00:24:26,214 --> 00:24:30,552
these butterflies can again
be seen flying free.
303
00:24:30,635 --> 00:24:37,517
♪ ♪
304
00:24:43,023 --> 00:24:49,779
1,650 captive-bred swallowtails
have been released.
305
00:24:49,863 --> 00:24:56,703
♪ ♪
306
00:25:00,540 --> 00:25:04,628
Today another 53
will join them.
307
00:25:07,923 --> 00:25:10,717
Some are pair bonded
and ready to help add
308
00:25:10,800 --> 00:25:14,513
to the wild population
of Elliott Key.
309
00:25:14,596 --> 00:25:21,394
♪ ♪
310
00:25:21,478 --> 00:25:23,980
Over the next three weeks,
311
00:25:24,064 --> 00:25:29,778
they will mate,
lay eggs, and die,
312
00:25:29,861 --> 00:25:32,822
establishing
the next generation.
313
00:25:32,906 --> 00:25:39,871
♪ ♪
314
00:25:51,258 --> 00:25:54,427
Maybe soon
this dancing butterfly
315
00:25:54,511 --> 00:25:58,139
will not need their
human matchmakers.
316
00:25:58,223 --> 00:26:03,562
♪ ♪
317
00:26:04,312 --> 00:26:09,943
(waves lapping)
318
00:26:10,026 --> 00:26:14,281
Back at the beach,
under the cover of darkness,
319
00:26:14,364 --> 00:26:18,326
the loggerhead hatchlings
have left the nest,
320
00:26:18,410 --> 00:26:23,331
following their mom's route
down the beach and out to sea.
321
00:26:27,460 --> 00:26:29,879
All except one.
322
00:26:29,963 --> 00:26:36,928
♪ ♪
323
00:26:47,355 --> 00:26:51,735
She's alone and vulnerable.
324
00:26:53,320 --> 00:26:55,322
She goes for it,
325
00:26:55,405 --> 00:26:58,992
following in the flipper prints
of her siblings.
326
00:26:59,075 --> 00:27:03,913
♪ ♪
327
00:27:03,997 --> 00:27:09,294
But there's something lurking
in the darkness.
328
00:27:09,377 --> 00:27:12,797
A ghost crab.
329
00:27:12,881 --> 00:27:16,092
Hatchlings can be easy prey.
330
00:27:16,176 --> 00:27:23,099
♪ ♪
331
00:27:24,476 --> 00:27:28,146
Especially when
she's on her back.
332
00:27:28,229 --> 00:27:35,195
♪ ♪
333
00:27:36,529 --> 00:27:40,575
By luck or instinct,
334
00:27:40,659 --> 00:27:42,827
flicking sand in
her attacker's eye
335
00:27:42,911 --> 00:27:45,330
turns out to be...
336
00:27:45,413 --> 00:27:49,542
♪ ♪
337
00:27:49,626 --> 00:27:53,088
...the perfect defensive move.
338
00:27:55,715 --> 00:28:00,261
(flies buzzing)
339
00:28:13,066 --> 00:28:18,488
Free at last,
she needs to get a move on.
340
00:28:18,571 --> 00:28:21,574
(waves lapping)
341
00:28:21,658 --> 00:28:25,954
With dawn comes a much higher
risk of predation
342
00:28:26,037 --> 00:28:28,748
from passing birds
and raccoons.
343
00:28:32,836 --> 00:28:35,338
She's running out of time.
344
00:28:39,092 --> 00:28:46,015
♪ ♪
345
00:28:58,653 --> 00:29:01,614
She's made it.
346
00:29:01,698 --> 00:29:04,033
And just in time.
347
00:29:09,205 --> 00:29:12,876
She now faces an epic journey.
348
00:29:12,959 --> 00:29:16,629
With Biscayne National Park
far behind,
349
00:29:16,713 --> 00:29:19,883
she's heading out
to the Sargasso Sea
350
00:29:19,966 --> 00:29:22,177
in the mid-Atlantic.
351
00:29:24,179 --> 00:29:28,558
There she will feed amongst the
vast rafts of floating seaweed
352
00:29:28,641 --> 00:29:33,146
until big enough to navigate
the oceans on her own.
353
00:29:40,570 --> 00:29:43,156
As the hatchlings
head out to sea,
354
00:29:43,239 --> 00:29:46,034
they may spot a curious sight.
355
00:29:46,117 --> 00:29:48,828
♪ ♪
356
00:29:48,912 --> 00:29:52,207
Perched on sandbanks
a mile offshore
357
00:29:52,290 --> 00:29:57,045
sits a collection of wooden
houses called Stiltsville.
358
00:29:57,128 --> 00:30:00,048
♪ ♪
359
00:30:00,131 --> 00:30:02,550
Built during
the Prohibition Era,
360
00:30:02,634 --> 00:30:05,386
it was used as
an offshore speakeasy
361
00:30:05,470 --> 00:30:08,056
for drinking and gambling.
362
00:30:10,600 --> 00:30:17,482
At its peak, Stiltsville
consisted of 27 houses.
363
00:30:17,565 --> 00:30:22,153
A community promoted as being
"dedicated to sunlight,
364
00:30:22,237 --> 00:30:26,950
salt water, and the well-being
of the human spirit."
365
00:30:30,453 --> 00:30:32,372
Today, things are quieter
366
00:30:32,455 --> 00:30:34,666
in the national park,
367
00:30:34,749 --> 00:30:38,628
and a different kind
of wildlife stops by.
368
00:30:38,711 --> 00:30:42,006
♪ ♪
369
00:30:42,090 --> 00:30:45,593
Cormorants, much like
the humans before them,
370
00:30:45,677 --> 00:30:48,680
use Stiltsville as
a handy hangout
371
00:30:48,763 --> 00:30:54,102
for drying off and preening
between fishing trips.
372
00:30:54,185 --> 00:31:00,275
(squawking)
373
00:31:02,110 --> 00:31:04,195
Biscayne National Park is
374
00:31:04,279 --> 00:31:08,658
a place on the very edge.
375
00:31:08,741 --> 00:31:11,786
Its isolated, battered islands
376
00:31:11,870 --> 00:31:16,499
have a unique timeless quality,
377
00:31:16,583 --> 00:31:23,006
despite its proximity to
a bustling modern metropolis.
378
00:31:23,089 --> 00:31:25,466
It provides peace and sanctuary
379
00:31:25,550 --> 00:31:29,178
to visitors as well
as the wildlife.
380
00:31:31,639 --> 00:31:33,308
At the peak of summer,
381
00:31:33,391 --> 00:31:36,603
temperatures climb
toward 90 degrees.
382
00:31:36,686 --> 00:31:43,234
♪ ♪
383
00:31:43,318 --> 00:31:48,072
The sun at its height
384
00:31:48,156 --> 00:31:51,075
is also at its most powerful.
385
00:31:51,159 --> 00:31:54,329
♪ ♪
386
00:31:54,412 --> 00:31:58,041
Visitors need to remember
their sunscreen.
387
00:31:58,124 --> 00:32:00,793
♪ ♪
388
00:32:00,877 --> 00:32:04,464
Underwater even the locals
are not immune
389
00:32:04,547 --> 00:32:08,676
to the sun's strong rays.
390
00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:13,681
To protect from the bleaching
power of the sun,
391
00:32:13,765 --> 00:32:16,559
the park's coral community
have developed
392
00:32:16,643 --> 00:32:20,521
their own extraordinary
type of sunscreen.
393
00:32:25,318 --> 00:32:27,779
Living inside the corals' cells
394
00:32:27,862 --> 00:32:32,909
are microscopic algae
called zooxanthellae.
395
00:32:32,992 --> 00:32:37,121
Fueled by the sun,
the algae photosynthesize,
396
00:32:37,205 --> 00:32:40,667
giving the coral reef
its color.
397
00:32:43,127 --> 00:32:47,090
Despite being sun-loving,
the algae can be easily damaged
398
00:32:47,173 --> 00:32:51,636
by too much ultraviolet light.
399
00:32:51,719 --> 00:32:56,432
Their strategy:
to make their own sunscreen.
400
00:32:56,516 --> 00:32:59,394
They produce a protein
which absorbs the light
401
00:32:59,477 --> 00:33:02,563
and re-emits it
in other colors.
402
00:33:02,647 --> 00:33:06,943
Only visible to human eyes
403
00:33:07,026 --> 00:33:09,237
under a special blue light.
404
00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:13,449
♪ ♪
405
00:33:13,533 --> 00:33:16,452
The results are cosmic.
406
00:33:16,536 --> 00:33:23,418
♪ ♪
407
00:33:30,008 --> 00:33:31,634
The fluorescent pigments absorb
408
00:33:31,718 --> 00:33:35,346
the sun's damaging
wavelengths of light
409
00:33:35,430 --> 00:33:39,225
and emit them
as colorful light,
410
00:33:39,308 --> 00:33:41,602
protecting the algae.
411
00:33:41,686 --> 00:33:47,483
♪ ♪
412
00:33:47,567 --> 00:33:50,403
It's so much more than
a beautiful spectacle.
413
00:33:50,486 --> 00:33:54,699
♪ ♪
414
00:33:54,782 --> 00:33:57,410
In areas where the reef
is shallow,
415
00:33:57,493 --> 00:34:00,580
with no escape from
the midsummer sun...
416
00:34:00,663 --> 00:34:04,208
♪ ♪
417
00:34:04,292 --> 00:34:09,172
...this is
a lifesaving strategy,
418
00:34:09,255 --> 00:34:12,633
revealing the remarkable
resilience
419
00:34:12,717 --> 00:34:16,846
of these tiny superheroes
420
00:34:16,929 --> 00:34:19,098
of the reef.
421
00:34:19,182 --> 00:34:24,270
♪ ♪
422
00:34:35,073 --> 00:34:37,575
(wind whistling)
423
00:34:37,658 --> 00:34:40,286
The hot summer sun
on the warm water
424
00:34:40,369 --> 00:34:44,290
can also trigger a reaction
above the water.
425
00:34:47,210 --> 00:34:49,879
(rumbling)
426
00:34:49,962 --> 00:34:54,842
Mile-high cumulonimbus clouds
bubble up above the warm ocean,
427
00:34:54,926 --> 00:34:59,097
creating a thunderstorm,
428
00:34:59,180 --> 00:35:00,723
heavy with rain,
429
00:35:00,807 --> 00:35:03,935
heading for
Biscayne National Park.
430
00:35:04,018 --> 00:35:07,605
(rumbling)
431
00:35:07,688 --> 00:35:10,525
(rainfall)
432
00:35:10,608 --> 00:35:14,445
The arrival of the rain
and the rising tide
433
00:35:14,529 --> 00:35:17,532
threatens a community
of thousands.
434
00:35:17,615 --> 00:35:23,996
♪ ♪
435
00:35:29,293 --> 00:35:34,132
The storm may have passed, but
water levels continue to rise
436
00:35:34,215 --> 00:35:36,926
around a nest of fire ants.
437
00:35:42,557 --> 00:35:47,311
This aggressive, invasive
species has few predators,
438
00:35:47,395 --> 00:35:48,563
but the rising water
439
00:35:48,646 --> 00:35:51,899
will easily drown the ants
in their nest.
440
00:35:53,276 --> 00:35:55,736
Time to evacuate.
441
00:35:55,820 --> 00:36:00,908
♪ ♪
442
00:36:00,992 --> 00:36:04,579
The ants have
an ingenious solution.
443
00:36:04,662 --> 00:36:11,627
♪ ♪
444
00:36:15,214 --> 00:36:19,844
Following chemical signals
and an unspoken plan,
445
00:36:19,927 --> 00:36:24,515
the entire colony starts
banding together,
446
00:36:24,599 --> 00:36:27,059
forming a living raft.
447
00:36:27,143 --> 00:36:34,066
♪ ♪
448
00:36:36,527 --> 00:36:39,155
No one is left behind.
449
00:36:39,238 --> 00:36:46,162
♪ ♪
450
00:36:46,329 --> 00:36:50,583
The large queen, along with her
precious larvae and pupae,
451
00:36:50,666 --> 00:36:53,419
are kept safe and dry
in the middle.
452
00:36:53,502 --> 00:36:58,507
♪ ♪
453
00:36:58,591 --> 00:37:02,845
The rest of the ants
continually rotate position.
454
00:37:02,929 --> 00:37:09,393
♪ ♪
455
00:37:09,477 --> 00:37:11,187
And when underwater,
456
00:37:11,270 --> 00:37:13,981
air pockets allow them
to breathe.
457
00:37:14,065 --> 00:37:20,988
♪ ♪
458
00:37:32,333 --> 00:37:34,877
They can remain like this
for weeks.
459
00:37:34,961 --> 00:37:41,008
♪ ♪
460
00:37:41,092 --> 00:37:44,929
But as soon as the raft hits
anything above the water,
461
00:37:45,012 --> 00:37:47,640
the colony will de-raft,
462
00:37:47,723 --> 00:37:51,102
and construction of
a new nest begins.
463
00:37:51,185 --> 00:37:55,648
♪ ♪
464
00:38:02,196 --> 00:38:07,952
Biscayne's visitors
change with the seasons.
465
00:38:08,035 --> 00:38:11,414
Some prefer the heat,
466
00:38:11,497 --> 00:38:15,126
others the cool of winter.
467
00:38:15,209 --> 00:38:18,129
The wildlife is no different.
468
00:38:22,758 --> 00:38:26,137
♪ ♪
469
00:38:26,220 --> 00:38:30,683
Early fall, and the mullet
are running.
470
00:38:30,766 --> 00:38:36,522
♪ ♪
471
00:38:36,605 --> 00:38:39,775
Millions of the banana-sized
fish have arrived
472
00:38:39,859 --> 00:38:43,571
to travel south along
the coast of Florida...
473
00:38:43,654 --> 00:38:47,325
♪ ♪
474
00:38:47,408 --> 00:38:51,579
...catching unwary swimmers
by surprise.
475
00:38:51,662 --> 00:38:56,625
♪ ♪
476
00:38:56,709 --> 00:38:59,628
Normally found in the rivers
and estuaries
477
00:38:59,712 --> 00:39:03,549
of the Carolinas,
Florida and Georgia,
478
00:39:03,632 --> 00:39:06,677
the mullet are now
traveling south...
479
00:39:06,761 --> 00:39:09,347
♪ ♪
480
00:39:09,430 --> 00:39:13,184
...past the white sands and
the high-rises of Miami Beach,
481
00:39:13,267 --> 00:39:15,728
toward Biscayne National Park.
482
00:39:15,811 --> 00:39:19,565
♪ ♪
483
00:39:19,648 --> 00:39:25,237
Their aim: to spawn in the warm
waters off southern Florida.
484
00:39:25,321 --> 00:39:29,784
♪ ♪
485
00:39:33,287 --> 00:39:37,541
But a gathering of this size
does not go unnoticed.
486
00:39:40,586 --> 00:39:45,674
Predators are lured in by
the possibility of a feast.
487
00:39:49,345 --> 00:39:52,723
Sharks and tarpon
patrol the edges,
488
00:39:52,807 --> 00:39:55,976
waiting for the perfect moment.
489
00:39:56,060 --> 00:40:01,273
♪ ♪
490
00:40:12,660 --> 00:40:19,583
♪ ♪
491
00:40:30,386 --> 00:40:33,639
The mullet have nowhere
to go but up.
492
00:40:33,722 --> 00:40:40,646
♪ ♪
493
00:41:05,838 --> 00:41:10,551
Tarpon attack from the side,
the sharks from below.
494
00:41:10,634 --> 00:41:17,600
♪ ♪
495
00:41:30,112 --> 00:41:33,699
Birds pick off fish
trapped against the surface.
496
00:41:33,782 --> 00:41:40,748
♪ ♪
497
00:41:43,959 --> 00:41:47,463
But even with
this many hunters,
498
00:41:47,546 --> 00:41:51,091
the fish have the odds
stacked in their favor.
499
00:41:51,175 --> 00:41:55,596
♪ ♪
500
00:41:55,679 --> 00:41:59,391
There are 10,000 fish
per hunter.
501
00:41:59,475 --> 00:42:03,395
♪ ♪
502
00:42:03,479 --> 00:42:06,565
There's safety in numbers.
503
00:42:06,649 --> 00:42:13,572
♪ ♪
504
00:42:16,408 --> 00:42:18,244
For most, anyway.
505
00:42:18,327 --> 00:42:24,458
♪ ♪
506
00:42:28,754 --> 00:42:33,884
Their huge numbers
serve another purpose.
507
00:42:33,968 --> 00:42:36,136
When the time comes to spawn,
508
00:42:36,220 --> 00:42:41,976
it works best if
everyone goes together.
509
00:42:42,059 --> 00:42:46,105
A mass spawning, creating and
sending the next generation
510
00:42:46,188 --> 00:42:49,275
of mullet out into the blue.
511
00:42:49,358 --> 00:42:56,282
♪ ♪
512
00:42:59,201 --> 00:43:04,415
Biscayne National Park
stands at the very forefront
513
00:43:04,498 --> 00:43:07,710
of our battle with
a changing climate.
514
00:43:07,793 --> 00:43:14,758
♪ ♪
515
00:43:17,052 --> 00:43:20,097
Fighting for it is
an army of passionate,
516
00:43:20,180 --> 00:43:23,559
dedicated scientists
and volunteers...
517
00:43:23,642 --> 00:43:26,604
♪ ♪
518
00:43:26,687 --> 00:43:31,442
...working to ensure the future
of the park and its wildlife.
519
00:43:31,525 --> 00:43:35,195
♪ ♪
520
00:43:35,279 --> 00:43:38,490
In doing so, Biscayne will
continue to protect
521
00:43:38,574 --> 00:43:41,619
both the human and animal
inhabitants
522
00:43:41,702 --> 00:43:44,538
of Southeast Florida.
523
00:43:44,622 --> 00:43:49,168
A reminder that
America's national parks
524
00:43:49,251 --> 00:43:52,254
are there for all of us.
525
00:43:52,338 --> 00:43:59,303
♪ ♪36117
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