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[Music]
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thank you
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foreign
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foreign
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foreign
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thank you
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[Music]
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[Music]
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foreign
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[Music]
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[Music]
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this is a scene from the Iranian film
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tall Shadows of the Wind made only one
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year before the Iranian Revolution the
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scene shows the people of a village
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revolting against the tyrannical
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scarecrows that had been ruling their
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lives and controlling their Destinies
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the scene however is not a typical one
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in a country in which dictatorship is a
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political tradition a provocative scene
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like this would not be tolerated by the
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sensors so it comes as no surprise that
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the next scene appears to serve as a
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disclaimer we realize that what we saw
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was only a dream scene the last dream of
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a dying man who made a one-man attempt
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to fight the despotic scarecrows and
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failed the dream however is still alive
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at his deathbed the dying man a driver
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hands a piece of rock to the Village
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teacher something he has carried with
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him while battling the scarecrows in a
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symbolic way he is leaving the task of
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fighting to the school teacher
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ah
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a
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in spite of it's being a dream the
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uprising scene is a symbolically
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significant one since it accurately
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reflects the long-standing dream of a
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Nation for a liberating Revolution a
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dream that has always been betrayed
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there are more Vivid if less defiant
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variations on the theme of betrayal of
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the dreams and other socially committed
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Iranian films in dead end the
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protagonist is a young woman living in a
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cul-de-sac in the capital city of Tehran
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[Music]
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foreign
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her life begins to change one rainy
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morning when she finds out she is being
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watched and followed by a man
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this is a traditional custom sometimes
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practiced by a man who's seriously
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considering a woman for marriage
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for a typical Iranian girl in her
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situation marriage could open a door out
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of a dead-end alley and out of many
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social dead ends here she is a young
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adolescent young girl
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living alone with her mother
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the brother is is away comes back
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sometime
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um she's of a marrying age
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and she thinks she's found someone who's
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interested in her and that marriage will
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come
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back
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yet
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foreign
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foreign
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why did you choose to have two empty
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seats at the dining table
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where those two seats belongs to
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two absent men
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the father has died and the brother is
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gone
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we don't know where
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but it's uh
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is presented these two uh
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women need support
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um
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foreign
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foreign
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foreign
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foreign
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foreign
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Muhammad
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what I said
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foreign
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it's terribly downbeat in American terms
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he hasn't been
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her admirer yes I spoke in the sense he
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has but
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um nevertheless he's been following her
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to capture her brother
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and the film ends with with her with him
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the pursuer taking the brother away in
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handcuffed
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leaving the girl in in tears in
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Desolation
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it's not until the end I suppose partly
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the the slightly slightly menacing
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appearance of the of the Civic agent
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that you realize that actually although
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she wasn't living in fear because she
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was very naive she should have been and
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her greatest mistake was not to have
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been living in fear and that's what
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ended up with her brother being taken
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away to torture and possibly there
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parvis the director of dead end like
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many other Iranian filmmakers has been
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living in Exile since the 1979
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Revolution a revolution that brought him
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his own bitter share of betrayed hopes
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and Shattered Dreams what do you think
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happens to the girl after the shadowing
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experience she goes through in the film
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uh
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she gets a little bit experienced
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she would receive a kind of
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not a mortal blow but a blow to her
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her self-esteem and and her confidence
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in herself
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which it would take him many years to
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recover from because she had the double
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Hollow of of being partly responsible
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for her brother being taken away and
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also of having somebody that she thought
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might be uh a fascinating husband about
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whom she built up this tremendous sort
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of imaginative investment
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um turned out not to be interested in
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her at all
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and therefore in personality terms
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a terrible wound a terrible double wound
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[Music]
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thinning is a beautiful film
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beautiful in in every sense that I can
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that I can think of
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it's very subtle colors
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um almost
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um into black and white because I'm
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certain that syad wanted that that film
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to to have a a gloomy
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repressive
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overall effect in his use of a of a
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street
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out of which the young girl the heroin
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constantly looks is at a dead end and at
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that dead end there's the message you
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know flat out dead end no place to go
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from here and beautifully done
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these films are making a very heavy
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allusion to the incredibly destructive
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effects of having such a system of
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surveillance
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widespread from the country even
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stretching into tiny villages in the
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middle of nowhere
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the setting for tall Shadows of the wind
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seems to be one of those tiny villages
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in the middle of nowhere in the
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beginning of the film we see the
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inhabitants of the village in a mass
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ritual praying that their gods send them
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a liberator someone to bring them
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prosperity and justice
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this is
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hoping for Liberation the villagers
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start erecting a scarecrow for their
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protection but ironically the Scarecrow
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soon multiplies itself into a tyrannical
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Army of scarecrows and begins to
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terrorize the villagers
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yes we make our own dictators
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because we can tear them apart if you
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like
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and and this is why the title tall
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Shadows of the wind really comes I have
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from
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a sentence that if you know
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the origin of the Wind You are never
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afraid of the tall Shadows of the Wind
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and that's what we really are proposing
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in this particular firm that we make
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these deities ourselves and they start
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ruling our lives and this is why in the
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film that they make a scarecrow for a
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very very simple economical reasons not
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religious reasons because they want
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better crop and so on and that
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scarecrow eventually
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it starts ruling the village
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now the fact that
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it actually happened
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because
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we made Khomeini we made the Shah
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and if we always have been having
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dictators all through our history there
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is something inherently wrong
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with us as people
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and this is why I was proposing that we
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should turn down start a little bit
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the
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early pervasive sense of fear by a
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regime of systematic Terror
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to the point where
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the system of informers under which with
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which every television operates
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Nobody ends up by trusting anybody else
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people become incredibly individualized
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isolated they won't talk to their
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neighbors or their friends or their or
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even their their closest their husbands
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or their mothers
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um about the experiences they've had we
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started the beginning of the film with a
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lot of color in the clothing in the uh
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decorations in the rooms and everything
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you see very vibrant colors everywhere
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and as the fear of this character
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gradually grows we have faded out the
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colors I mean you potentially see the
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same address worn by the same woman but
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we had three shades of it and in the
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last 45 minutes of the film you're
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practically seeing black and white in
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color before the Revolution sequence and
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that's why it shocks I mean the red
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sharks so much and then immediately
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after that we go more or less to Total
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black and white in the funeral
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procession
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and uh one of the objects was as the
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fear grows the color out of our Lives
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goes out and I just wanted to do this so
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gradually that it's not a shocking
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aspect but eventually it's there
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I think like in many
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Nations there are of course two levels
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of Iranian film there's a popular level
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in a more artistic level
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but one of the things that's most
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interesting about both levels is that on
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the popular level and on the artistic
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level there's an extraordinarily moral
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quality to Iranian film foreign
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[Music]
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even when we have films that are rather
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political in nature the basic ideals and
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and morality of Iranian life are being
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pointed up and being emphasized
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[Music]
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thank you
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foreign
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[Music]
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[Music]
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there are a great number of themes which
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deal with the defeat or destruction of
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the main character
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but I think if we examine the Iranian
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moral Universe more carefully we find
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that there are many many examples where
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what seems to be defeat can actually be
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a victory as long as it's a moral
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victory
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the main character achieves this moral
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Victory by refusing to sell out or
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refusing to yield to a superior power
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which is corrupt and illegitimate and
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this is a this is the theme that we find
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again and again in in uh in many Iranian
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films even in a a situation where the
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where the character seems to be utterly
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devastated
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the real
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Redemption the real hero in the film May
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00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:14,200
in fact in this case be The Spectator
291
00:22:14,940 --> 00:22:15,940
because the spectator becomes made aware
292
00:22:17,580 --> 00:22:18,580
of the disparity between a a corrupt
293
00:22:21,900 --> 00:22:22,900
Superior power and a person who's been
294
00:22:24,659 --> 00:22:25,659
victimized by that power so the the
295
00:22:28,559 --> 00:22:29,559
feeling of moral enhancement or moral
296
00:22:31,679 --> 00:22:32,679
Enlightenment is is achieved in in this
297
00:22:34,980 --> 00:22:35,980
kind of uh of this kind of plot
298
00:22:36,780 --> 00:22:37,780
construction Dr William Beeman a
299
00:22:39,659 --> 00:22:40,659
professor of anthropology at Brown
300
00:22:41,580 --> 00:22:42,580
University
301
00:22:42,740 --> 00:22:43,740
specializes in cross-cultural
302
00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:46,000
communication he spent more than 11
303
00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:48,640
years in Iran prior to the 1979
304
00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:52,000
Revolution studying the Iranian arts and
305
00:22:54,780 --> 00:22:55,780
culture one of the
306
00:22:57,240 --> 00:22:58,240
most important aspects of Iranian
307
00:22:59,940 --> 00:23:00,940
political film is that it's cast in an
308
00:23:02,100 --> 00:23:03,100
Iranian symbolic universe that means
309
00:23:04,919 --> 00:23:05,919
that in order to be able to understand
310
00:23:06,919 --> 00:23:07,919
Iranian political film we also have to
311
00:23:09,960 --> 00:23:10,960
understand Iranian literature and poetry
312
00:23:12,179 --> 00:23:13,179
and to a certain extent other artistic
313
00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:16,000
Traditions like like music and painting
314
00:23:18,179 --> 00:23:19,179
I think that there's no form of artistic
315
00:23:20,640 --> 00:23:21,640
expression in Iran which is especially
316
00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:24,240
direct and easily accessible
317
00:23:27,200 --> 00:23:28,200
all forms of artistic expressions in
318
00:23:29,700 --> 00:23:30,700
Iran have many many layers to them and
319
00:23:32,700 --> 00:23:33,700
this is no less true about the cinema so
320
00:23:35,400 --> 00:23:36,400
that the political Cinema in Iran has a
321
00:23:39,539 --> 00:23:40,539
a great deal of symbolism and the
322
00:23:43,799 --> 00:23:44,799
symbolic layering in its construction
323
00:23:46,640 --> 00:23:47,640
but this also gives it an artistic
324
00:23:49,559 --> 00:23:50,559
Dimension which can be appreciated over
325
00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:52,480
and above the political dimensions of
326
00:23:53,280 --> 00:23:54,280
the film and this is one of the reasons
327
00:23:55,320 --> 00:23:56,320
why I feel it's one of the more
328
00:23:57,780 --> 00:23:58,780
interesting cinematic traditions in the
329
00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:01,240
world today
330
00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:19,120
the cow is the film that started an
331
00:24:20,580 --> 00:24:21,580
Iranian film Renaissance in the early
332
00:24:22,679 --> 00:24:23,679
70s it was smuggled out to the Venice
333
00:24:25,620 --> 00:24:26,620
Film Festival where it won tremendous
334
00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:28,720
critical Acclaim and for the first time
335
00:24:30,600 --> 00:24:31,600
placed Iran on the International Film
336
00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:34,480
map
337
00:24:34,320 --> 00:24:35,320
Central
338
00:24:39,880 --> 00:24:40,880
[Music]
339
00:24:49,140 --> 00:24:50,140
this highly original film depicts the
340
00:24:51,720 --> 00:24:52,720
Hopeless extent of poverty in an Iranian
341
00:24:54,480 --> 00:24:55,480
Village the only cow in the village
342
00:24:56,940 --> 00:24:57,940
suddenly dies and its death deeply
343
00:24:59,640 --> 00:25:00,640
affects the collective life of the
344
00:25:01,740 --> 00:25:02,740
village
345
00:25:02,760 --> 00:25:03,760
yeah
346
00:25:10,940 --> 00:25:11,940
one day we were walking with uh the
347
00:25:15,299 --> 00:25:16,299
famous writer and he suggested that I
348
00:25:18,419 --> 00:25:19,419
should read again the story of the cow
349
00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:22,720
in his book Azad bayal the bayels
350
00:25:25,440 --> 00:25:26,440
mourners anyway
351
00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:29,320
I read that and I found a lot of
352
00:25:30,659 --> 00:25:31,659
possibilities Potentials in the story
353
00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:34,000
but of course the story was a short
354
00:25:34,620 --> 00:25:35,620
story so we had to develop it and that's
355
00:25:37,260 --> 00:25:38,260
where I started utilizing the other
356
00:25:40,559 --> 00:25:41,559
stories in that book and somehow uh
357
00:25:43,940 --> 00:25:44,940
coordinating them together and making a
358
00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:49,320
total story as we see it in the film and
359
00:25:53,700 --> 00:25:54,700
then we work together you know on the
360
00:25:56,400 --> 00:25:57,400
screenplay for I remember for 10 or 12.
361
00:26:01,620 --> 00:26:02,620
days
362
00:26:03,299 --> 00:26:04,299
and then then when the screen play was
363
00:26:06,600 --> 00:26:07,600
ready it was the problem was to find a
364
00:26:09,419 --> 00:26:10,419
producer
365
00:26:10,620 --> 00:26:11,620
and of course none of the existing
366
00:26:13,740 --> 00:26:14,740
producers would there to invest in in a
367
00:26:17,820 --> 00:26:18,820
film like that so we submitted it to the
368
00:26:20,580 --> 00:26:21,580
mystery of culture as a kind of a
369
00:26:22,260 --> 00:26:23,260
documentary film and they had the
370
00:26:24,480 --> 00:26:25,480
tradition of making you know
371
00:26:25,620 --> 00:26:26,620
documentaries and things like that so
372
00:26:27,299 --> 00:26:28,299
hopefully we we could arrange the budget
373
00:26:29,820 --> 00:26:30,820
and also utilizing all the
374
00:26:32,460 --> 00:26:33,460
um
375
00:26:34,220 --> 00:26:35,220
actors of the ministry of culture who
376
00:26:37,740 --> 00:26:38,740
were already employed in the theater
377
00:26:39,840 --> 00:26:40,840
section
378
00:26:41,039 --> 00:26:42,039
but this doesn't diminish its its power
379
00:26:43,679 --> 00:26:44,679
it has a film about an individual who
380
00:26:47,700 --> 00:26:48,700
has everything that means anything to
381
00:26:51,120 --> 00:26:52,120
him in the world taken away from it in
382
00:26:54,720 --> 00:26:55,720
in some mysterious fashion his his cow
383
00:26:58,260 --> 00:26:59,260
the the thing that provides him with all
384
00:27:01,799 --> 00:27:02,799
sustenance and every aspect of life dies
385
00:27:05,100 --> 00:27:06,100
and then the The Village society in
386
00:27:09,179 --> 00:27:10,179
which he lives conceals this from him
387
00:27:12,659 --> 00:27:13,659
uh and he eventually is driven mad by
388
00:27:17,220 --> 00:27:18,220
his inability to find out what the the
389
00:27:19,500 --> 00:27:20,500
truth is
390
00:27:33,179 --> 00:27:34,179
the cow dies we don't know how or why
391
00:27:36,900 --> 00:27:37,900
and it I mean this this riddle remains
392
00:27:41,159 --> 00:27:42,159
uh all through the film but the impact
393
00:27:44,700 --> 00:27:45,700
of this death upon the villagers and
394
00:27:47,580 --> 00:27:48,580
particularly on majnasan is is
395
00:27:49,620 --> 00:27:50,620
tremendous so much so that masha-san out
396
00:27:53,039 --> 00:27:54,039
of his love or his attachment to this
397
00:27:56,100 --> 00:27:57,100
animal he gradually
398
00:27:58,580 --> 00:27:59,580
undergoes a severe
399
00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:03,240
change in his psychological Outlook
400
00:28:05,659 --> 00:28:06,659
so much so that he somehow considers
401
00:28:09,059 --> 00:28:10,059
himself
402
00:28:10,140 --> 00:28:11,140
as a cow he just identifies himself so
403
00:28:13,860 --> 00:28:14,860
much with this animal that he believes
404
00:28:17,159 --> 00:28:18,159
that he is the cow himself
405
00:28:19,260 --> 00:28:20,260
[Music]
406
00:28:19,470 --> 00:28:20,470
[Applause]
407
00:28:21,360 --> 00:28:22,360
this concept of the lover being
408
00:28:24,980 --> 00:28:25,980
a dissolved or into the object of love
409
00:28:29,700 --> 00:28:30,700
in other words the the synthesis of
410
00:28:32,760 --> 00:28:33,760
lover and the Beloved is one of the main
411
00:28:36,539 --> 00:28:37,539
concepts of uh for instance
412
00:28:39,200 --> 00:28:40,200
Arabi when he talks about the
413
00:28:42,120 --> 00:28:43,120
metaphysical love
414
00:28:43,500 --> 00:28:44,500
that in this Quest
415
00:28:46,679 --> 00:28:47,679
the domestic undergoes he somehow
416
00:28:51,320 --> 00:28:52,320
out of pure love or out of the richness
417
00:28:54,960 --> 00:28:55,960
of his love for for the object he
418
00:28:58,020 --> 00:28:59,020
becomes the other
419
00:29:01,250 --> 00:29:02,250
[Applause]
420
00:29:03,419 --> 00:29:04,419
there's something so insane about this
421
00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:07,360
character and about his obsession
422
00:29:08,400 --> 00:29:09,400
there's an Aristotelian problem with it
423
00:29:10,559 --> 00:29:11,559
it becomes so pathological that that you
424
00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:14,080
feel that this is an excessive
425
00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:16,120
example of it and you know it it does
426
00:29:17,340 --> 00:29:18,340
indicate that the narrow margin how
427
00:29:20,159 --> 00:29:21,159
close
428
00:29:21,179 --> 00:29:22,179
you know these people are to the
429
00:29:22,679 --> 00:29:23,679
breaking point
430
00:29:35,830 --> 00:29:36,830
[Music]
431
00:29:54,140 --> 00:29:55,140
so much
432
00:29:57,800 --> 00:29:58,800
[Music]
433
00:30:17,130 --> 00:30:18,130
[Music]
434
00:30:23,690 --> 00:30:24,690
[Applause]
435
00:30:36,059 --> 00:30:37,059
foreign
436
00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:55,960
[Music]
437
00:31:03,299 --> 00:31:04,299
foreign
438
00:31:04,430 --> 00:31:05,430
[Music]
439
00:31:05,130 --> 00:31:06,130
[Applause]
440
00:31:10,570 --> 00:31:11,570
[Music]
441
00:31:26,240 --> 00:31:27,240
here's a man whose greatest possession
442
00:31:28,799 --> 00:31:29,799
in life is a cow
443
00:31:31,260 --> 00:31:32,260
when the car was gone
444
00:31:33,960 --> 00:31:34,960
um so to speak his life is gone
445
00:31:39,840 --> 00:31:40,840
the film is actually is the love of a
446
00:31:43,980 --> 00:31:44,980
man for another being which happens now
447
00:31:47,700 --> 00:31:48,700
to be a cow
448
00:31:49,200 --> 00:31:50,200
and she's also pregnant and giving milk
449
00:31:52,200 --> 00:31:53,200
to the
450
00:31:53,279 --> 00:31:54,279
villagers and the village is also very
451
00:31:55,500 --> 00:31:56,500
poor because they have only one cow if
452
00:31:58,080 --> 00:31:59,080
you are familiar with Iranian Islamic
453
00:32:01,260 --> 00:32:02,260
philosophy philosophy of mysticism
454
00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:04,000
especially but some of their ideas are
455
00:32:05,460 --> 00:32:06,460
Incorporated
456
00:32:08,340 --> 00:32:09,340
I showed the cow to my film class along
457
00:32:12,840 --> 00:32:13,840
with another Bolivian film blood of the
458
00:32:14,880 --> 00:32:15,880
Condor because both of them it seemed to
459
00:32:17,039 --> 00:32:18,039
me were Classics of the mid 60s
460
00:32:19,520 --> 00:32:20,520
and therefore Classics of the the
461
00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:23,440
present wave of new filmmaking which is
462
00:32:24,899 --> 00:32:25,899
taking place in the third world both of
463
00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:28,000
them give a very strong sense for
464
00:32:29,880 --> 00:32:30,880
immediate realities in an impoverished
465
00:32:32,399 --> 00:32:33,399
Village in the third world
466
00:32:35,460 --> 00:32:36,460
I should say I also chose the cow
467
00:32:37,440 --> 00:32:38,440
because when I was giving that version
468
00:32:39,899 --> 00:32:40,899
of the film course
469
00:32:41,460 --> 00:32:42,460
I began the course by trying to focus on
470
00:32:45,360 --> 00:32:46,360
images of the third world in the United
471
00:32:47,700 --> 00:32:48,700
States and at that stage particularly
472
00:32:50,039 --> 00:32:51,039
the image of Iran was one of the the
473
00:32:52,980 --> 00:32:53,980
clearest in in people's minds the the
474
00:32:55,559 --> 00:32:56,559
whole barrage of hostile propaganda
475
00:32:57,899 --> 00:32:58,899
which circulated within this country and
476
00:33:00,419 --> 00:33:01,419
uh therefore it struck me as being a
477
00:33:02,220 --> 00:33:03,220
good thing to to say well okay let's
478
00:33:04,140 --> 00:33:05,140
look at how Iranians Define Iran rather
479
00:33:07,080 --> 00:33:08,080
than simply how the American networks do
480
00:33:08,880 --> 00:33:09,880
it
481
00:33:09,659 --> 00:33:10,659
what the film did or would do for any
482
00:33:12,600 --> 00:33:13,600
audience which is alert to issues beyond
483
00:33:16,200 --> 00:33:17,200
the immediate backyard is that it showed
484
00:33:19,019 --> 00:33:20,019
the humanity and sensitivity
485
00:33:21,120 --> 00:33:22,120
of the villagers in trying to deal with
486
00:33:24,840 --> 00:33:25,840
this case of psychiatric breakdown and
487
00:33:27,840 --> 00:33:28,840
that was a very different image which
488
00:33:30,059 --> 00:33:31,059
was important for me to show a very
489
00:33:31,620 --> 00:33:32,620
different image of Iranians uh than the
490
00:33:34,080 --> 00:33:35,080
one presented on the network which
491
00:33:35,460 --> 00:33:36,460
showed them as Perpetual chanting
492
00:33:37,559 --> 00:33:38,559
Fanatics
493
00:33:39,480 --> 00:33:40,480
um and I think it was an illumination to
494
00:33:43,080 --> 00:33:44,080
the students
495
00:33:44,279 --> 00:33:45,279
I also had to point out that this was
496
00:33:46,559 --> 00:33:47,559
oil Niche event that was being portrayed
497
00:33:49,860 --> 00:33:50,860
I think that anybody showing that film
498
00:33:52,860 --> 00:33:53,860
would probably have to emphasize that
499
00:33:55,200 --> 00:33:56,200
point and bring it out
500
00:33:56,940 --> 00:33:57,940
one reason that the film actually was
501
00:34:00,140 --> 00:34:01,140
censored was confiscated for about a
502
00:34:02,940 --> 00:34:03,940
year and a half or two years was
503
00:34:05,340 --> 00:34:06,340
particularly because of that because
504
00:34:08,700 --> 00:34:09,700
at that time if you remember it was the
505
00:34:11,159 --> 00:34:12,159
peak of Shaw's
506
00:34:13,940 --> 00:34:14,940
modern civilization he was talking about
507
00:34:16,679 --> 00:34:17,679
the threshold that that now we are going
508
00:34:19,740 --> 00:34:20,740
now from the third world to the first
509
00:34:22,020 --> 00:34:23,020
world or things like that and right in
510
00:34:24,359 --> 00:34:25,359
the midst of all these talks then comes
511
00:34:26,460 --> 00:34:27,460
this film which shows you know a very
512
00:34:28,679 --> 00:34:29,679
poor Village and the people are
513
00:34:31,399 --> 00:34:32,399
not you know the the desirable types
514
00:34:35,220 --> 00:34:36,220
that the the government wanted to have
515
00:34:39,300 --> 00:34:40,300
so that's how we we came into a lot of
516
00:34:42,119 --> 00:34:43,119
conflict with censorship but I mean the
517
00:34:46,139 --> 00:34:47,139
critics or the historians they
518
00:34:47,580 --> 00:34:48,580
considered that this is the first time
519
00:34:50,159 --> 00:34:51,159
in the Iranian Cinema that the film came
520
00:34:52,440 --> 00:34:53,440
out which could relate to both the
521
00:34:56,099 --> 00:34:57,099
public in general and also to the
522
00:34:59,400 --> 00:35:00,400
critics to the art
523
00:35:01,460 --> 00:35:02,460
historians to the sinas ETC
524
00:35:04,440 --> 00:35:05,440
this element of
525
00:35:06,420 --> 00:35:07,420
simple stories documentary fashion you
526
00:35:09,540 --> 00:35:10,540
know human relationship and uh
527
00:35:12,839 --> 00:35:13,839
particularly talking about the you know
528
00:35:14,579 --> 00:35:15,579
the underprivileged the poor people Etc
529
00:35:17,160 --> 00:35:18,160
this is one of the current issue that
530
00:35:19,619 --> 00:35:20,619
you see now in the Iranian Cinema
531
00:35:22,380 --> 00:35:23,380
and also he had a great success abroad
532
00:35:24,599 --> 00:35:25,599
which was distributed in different
533
00:35:26,460 --> 00:35:27,460
countries and so forth that this had not
534
00:35:28,560 --> 00:35:29,560
happened yet in the Iranian Cinema
535
00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:32,800
the cow
536
00:35:33,359 --> 00:35:34,359
God
537
00:35:34,859 --> 00:35:35,859
was the was a real landmark in Iranian
538
00:35:38,940 --> 00:35:39,940
Cinema it was the first
539
00:35:41,599 --> 00:35:42,599
cinematic representation of Iranian life
540
00:35:45,020 --> 00:35:46,020
which showed in some ways the Dark Side
541
00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:49,000
of Iranian life and yet was a fine
542
00:35:50,160 --> 00:35:51,160
artistic production for Iranian
543
00:35:52,380 --> 00:35:53,380
filmmakers
544
00:35:53,700 --> 00:35:54,700
signal I think to them that that films
545
00:35:57,300 --> 00:35:58,300
of serious content could be made
546
00:35:59,940 --> 00:36:00,940
uh that that didn't necessarily follow
547
00:36:04,020 --> 00:36:05,020
the formulas of the popular Cinema that
548
00:36:06,480 --> 00:36:07,480
had gone on before it occupies a a
549
00:36:09,599 --> 00:36:10,599
position in Iranian Cinema which is
550
00:36:12,000 --> 00:36:13,000
similar to you know Pata panchali in in
551
00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:15,400
Indian Cinema which broke the the mold
552
00:36:18,420 --> 00:36:19,420
of the of the Indian cinematic formula
553
00:36:21,599 --> 00:36:22,599
Gob also broke the mold of the Cinematic
554
00:36:24,359 --> 00:36:25,359
formula in in Iran it was telling people
555
00:36:26,820 --> 00:36:27,820
that uh that that a new form of artistic
556
00:36:30,960 --> 00:36:31,960
expression could be represented on film
557
00:36:34,920 --> 00:36:35,920
the sealed soil is one of the films that
558
00:36:37,320 --> 00:36:38,320
took advantage of the new artistic
559
00:36:39,359 --> 00:36:40,359
possibilities and experimented with a
560
00:36:42,119 --> 00:36:43,119
new visual language in Iranian Cinema
561
00:36:45,720 --> 00:36:46,720
I'm trying to get out of Hollywood style
562
00:36:48,119 --> 00:36:49,119
I think each filmmaker has to bring
563
00:36:50,460 --> 00:36:51,460
their own
564
00:36:52,339 --> 00:36:53,339
country's
565
00:36:54,020 --> 00:36:55,020
cultural background into their
566
00:36:57,060 --> 00:36:58,060
filmmaking and I since I started
567
00:36:59,820 --> 00:37:00,820
painting and
568
00:37:01,579 --> 00:37:02,579
I'm very interested in miniature
569
00:37:04,800 --> 00:37:05,800
painting
570
00:37:05,820 --> 00:37:06,820
I am trying to use that that format as
571
00:37:10,740 --> 00:37:11,740
my uh start and and I've combined that
572
00:37:15,660 --> 00:37:16,660
with uh the with the European Aesthetics
573
00:37:19,859 --> 00:37:20,859
of bread
574
00:37:22,260 --> 00:37:23,260
in Persian miniature you have
575
00:37:25,440 --> 00:37:26,440
um a whole story in a book told in one
576
00:37:30,599 --> 00:37:31,599
one uh
577
00:37:32,420 --> 00:37:33,420
one frame of the miniature and you have
578
00:37:37,579 --> 00:37:38,579
the subject matters are all around the
579
00:37:41,099 --> 00:37:42,099
painting
580
00:37:43,859 --> 00:37:44,859
it's up to the viewer to pick up the the
581
00:37:48,240 --> 00:37:49,240
story and give you the meaning the whole
582
00:37:52,400 --> 00:37:53,400
becomes one and one becomes whole
583
00:37:55,740 --> 00:37:56,740
um I've tried to do that with with my
584
00:37:57,839 --> 00:37:58,839
composition I feel that you don't have
585
00:38:01,980 --> 00:38:02,980
to have
586
00:38:03,800 --> 00:38:04,800
close-ups to
587
00:38:05,839 --> 00:38:06,839
accentuating in what you're trying to
588
00:38:08,220 --> 00:38:09,220
say you could do it in other why other
589
00:38:10,380 --> 00:38:11,380
means like recurrent of motives or in
590
00:38:14,040 --> 00:38:15,040
other words the action recurring again I
591
00:38:17,520 --> 00:38:18,520
think audiences will tend to find that
592
00:38:19,339 --> 00:38:20,339
page to deliberate and the development
593
00:38:22,200 --> 00:38:23,200
of the character
594
00:38:23,460 --> 00:38:24,460
also was brought up by movie conventions
595
00:38:25,619 --> 00:38:26,619
we don't have a quick cut and you get
596
00:38:28,140 --> 00:38:29,140
psychological development every shot you
597
00:38:30,660 --> 00:38:31,660
know and everything that way and uh this
598
00:38:34,020 --> 00:38:35,020
this doesn't operate on the
599
00:38:35,220 --> 00:38:36,220
psychological level at all
600
00:38:37,380 --> 00:38:38,380
I can go with slow and uh when it uh or
601
00:38:40,920 --> 00:38:41,920
apparently slow because slow is
602
00:38:43,619 --> 00:38:44,619
misleading there's no such thing as slow
603
00:38:45,540 --> 00:38:46,540
uh what people mean slow they mean
604
00:38:47,760 --> 00:38:48,760
there's a lot of plot there's a lot of
605
00:38:49,859 --> 00:38:50,859
action or the way you photograph
606
00:38:52,500 --> 00:38:53,500
somebody coming from somewhere
607
00:38:56,099 --> 00:38:57,099
if you understand that that is ritual
608
00:39:00,240 --> 00:39:01,240
and then there's no such thing as slow
609
00:39:01,920 --> 00:39:02,920
uh if you understand the formal
610
00:39:04,440 --> 00:39:05,440
structure of something something is
611
00:39:06,119 --> 00:39:07,119
painfully or ritualistic
612
00:39:08,660 --> 00:39:09,660
and then the slowness you understand
613
00:39:10,980 --> 00:39:11,980
that but if you don't understand what's
614
00:39:12,780 --> 00:39:13,780
going on
615
00:39:13,920 --> 00:39:14,920
you just think this person just wants to
616
00:39:16,260 --> 00:39:17,260
waste time showing somebody walking
617
00:39:18,359 --> 00:39:19,359
having the idea that if you don't get
618
00:39:20,220 --> 00:39:21,220
the meaning that comes out of watching
619
00:39:22,020 --> 00:39:23,020
every step
620
00:39:24,240 --> 00:39:25,240
I'm trying to get into the idea of being
621
00:39:28,980 --> 00:39:29,980
distanced from the character so that
622
00:39:32,700 --> 00:39:33,700
we are looking at them objectively and
623
00:39:35,520 --> 00:39:36,520
we are trying to understand what the
624
00:39:38,640 --> 00:39:39,640
problem is
625
00:39:42,300 --> 00:39:43,300
soil is the story of a young Village
626
00:39:44,520 --> 00:39:45,520
Woman Under Pressure to conform to the
627
00:39:47,280 --> 00:39:48,280
rigid Norms of a communal life
628
00:40:00,720 --> 00:40:01,720
he's just Del solicit
629
00:40:02,880 --> 00:40:03,880
foreign
630
00:40:17,040 --> 00:40:18,040
she's being criticized because she is a
631
00:40:20,040 --> 00:40:21,040
different woman from what her older
632
00:40:23,579 --> 00:40:24,579
generation have been and
633
00:40:26,760 --> 00:40:27,760
that's why she's being questioned and
634
00:40:28,920 --> 00:40:29,920
she's been criticized
635
00:40:30,720 --> 00:40:31,720
um
636
00:40:31,800 --> 00:40:32,800
but she at the same time
637
00:40:35,359 --> 00:40:36,359
she's not that different she's like
638
00:40:37,980 --> 00:40:38,980
she's in a state of
639
00:40:40,260 --> 00:40:41,260
um
640
00:40:41,040 --> 00:40:42,040
uh moving from one uh awareness to
641
00:40:45,720 --> 00:40:46,720
another she cannot follow her older
642
00:40:49,140 --> 00:40:50,140
Generations
643
00:40:51,140 --> 00:40:52,140
way of thinking and behavior she she's
644
00:40:54,780 --> 00:40:55,780
trying to find her grounds and
645
00:40:58,520 --> 00:40:59,520
in that she's lost herself she is lost
646
00:41:02,040 --> 00:41:03,040
but at the same time she is trying to
647
00:41:05,820 --> 00:41:06,820
for in some kind of an awareness and I I
648
00:41:09,660 --> 00:41:10,660
think that's what they're criticizing
649
00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:13,000
and because they don't understand it and
650
00:41:14,940 --> 00:41:15,940
also the fact that she's trying to be an
651
00:41:17,520 --> 00:41:18,520
individual that is I think the most
652
00:41:19,800 --> 00:41:20,800
important thing in the film she The
653
00:41:22,980 --> 00:41:23,980
Village Life is such a communal life I
654
00:41:25,260 --> 00:41:26,260
think what my protagonist is doing is
655
00:41:27,839 --> 00:41:28,839
trying to be an individual and and
656
00:41:30,540 --> 00:41:31,540
that's that's very hard for the villages
657
00:41:36,359 --> 00:41:37,359
her past her
658
00:41:39,839 --> 00:41:40,839
traditional life is is and her what she
659
00:41:43,619 --> 00:41:44,619
has now is not
660
00:41:46,380 --> 00:41:47,380
giving her anything so she hasn't come
661
00:41:50,160 --> 00:41:51,160
to Consciousness yet but she knows that
662
00:41:53,339 --> 00:41:54,339
she's missing something and and I think
663
00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:56,680
what is making her know that she's
664
00:41:57,720 --> 00:41:58,720
missing something what is out there uh
665
00:42:01,560 --> 00:42:02,560
that the the the city life the West the
666
00:42:04,619 --> 00:42:05,619
westernization of Iran that's creeping
667
00:42:07,920 --> 00:42:08,920
into the villages
668
00:42:09,599 --> 00:42:10,599
she's she's been influenced by that
669
00:42:11,820 --> 00:42:12,820
indirectly but she herself is not aware
670
00:42:14,339 --> 00:42:15,339
of it all she knows is that things have
671
00:42:16,859 --> 00:42:17,859
changed and she's changing
672
00:42:20,579 --> 00:42:21,579
and I think that's her dilemma
673
00:42:25,140 --> 00:42:26,140
I don't believe in having the audience
674
00:42:30,200 --> 00:42:31,200
sympathize with the character because
675
00:42:32,339 --> 00:42:33,339
that is going to create a
676
00:42:37,260 --> 00:42:38,260
false sympathy and instead of the
677
00:42:41,339 --> 00:42:42,339
audience really trying to
678
00:42:43,210 --> 00:42:44,210
[Music]
679
00:42:44,460 --> 00:42:45,460
uh
680
00:42:45,839 --> 00:42:46,839
find out what is the what is the problem
681
00:42:49,560 --> 00:42:50,560
and what is what is causing that
682
00:42:52,740 --> 00:42:53,740
um they start identifying with the
683
00:42:55,740 --> 00:42:56,740
character and and as the result they
684
00:42:58,560 --> 00:42:59,560
they emotionally become so involved that
685
00:43:01,920 --> 00:43:02,920
they forget about
686
00:43:03,660 --> 00:43:04,660
um being objective and they become very
687
00:43:06,780 --> 00:43:07,780
subjective and my whole uh
688
00:43:10,020 --> 00:43:11,020
criticism about Hollywood stream is that
689
00:43:12,480 --> 00:43:13,480
it makes
690
00:43:13,940 --> 00:43:14,940
it makes the audience so much involved
691
00:43:16,800 --> 00:43:17,800
emotionally with the character that they
692
00:43:19,260 --> 00:43:20,260
totally forget about the cause and
693
00:43:21,240 --> 00:43:22,240
effect
694
00:43:24,359 --> 00:43:25,359
thank you
695
00:43:37,020 --> 00:43:38,020
[Music]
696
00:43:55,800 --> 00:43:56,800
foreign
697
00:43:56,210 --> 00:43:57,210
[Music]
698
00:44:11,300 --> 00:44:12,300
[Music]
699
00:44:27,490 --> 00:44:28,490
[Music]
700
00:44:30,900 --> 00:44:31,900
this woman just a girl completely
701
00:44:33,780 --> 00:44:34,780
breaking up cracking a
702
00:44:36,500 --> 00:44:37,500
rejecting this world that's the only way
703
00:44:38,760 --> 00:44:39,760
she can do it is through Madness that
704
00:44:41,940 --> 00:44:42,940
she can Rebel
705
00:44:43,380 --> 00:44:44,380
and she does it how
706
00:44:46,140 --> 00:44:47,140
and I think you would you would be drawn
707
00:44:49,380 --> 00:44:50,380
to that you would say look I'm here I
708
00:44:53,099 --> 00:44:54,099
understand what's happening to you I
709
00:44:55,680 --> 00:44:56,680
think this is a natural tendency so I
710
00:44:57,780 --> 00:44:58,780
think there's a kind of logic to this
711
00:44:59,220 --> 00:45:00,220
construction to the people who feel that
712
00:45:01,619 --> 00:45:02,619
they did a tragic Vision because they're
713
00:45:03,960 --> 00:45:04,960
the people who suddenly dimly perceive
714
00:45:07,079 --> 00:45:08,079
betrayal the nature of repression nature
715
00:45:09,599 --> 00:45:10,599
of the
716
00:45:10,920 --> 00:45:11,920
of the evil that's being practiced the
717
00:45:14,339 --> 00:45:15,339
inequity the Injustice I was trying to
718
00:45:16,800 --> 00:45:17,800
show you the repression of women
719
00:45:19,380 --> 00:45:20,380
in Iran and
720
00:45:22,859 --> 00:45:23,859
but underneath that was another
721
00:45:25,560 --> 00:45:26,560
repression which was the
722
00:45:28,099 --> 00:45:29,099
The People's depression the trouble is
723
00:45:31,260 --> 00:45:32,260
that what happens is there's a
724
00:45:32,940 --> 00:45:33,940
conservative tendency in communities and
725
00:45:35,220 --> 00:45:36,220
they have a different View
726
00:45:37,740 --> 00:45:38,740
you know that Community let's say that
727
00:45:39,960 --> 00:45:40,960
story is absolutely true the woman who
728
00:45:42,780 --> 00:45:43,780
goes crazy doesn't want to follow the
729
00:45:44,579 --> 00:45:45,579
traditional practice doesn't want to be
730
00:45:46,740 --> 00:45:47,740
turned over like
731
00:45:49,079 --> 00:45:50,079
a piece of farm equipment
732
00:45:52,079 --> 00:45:53,079
um she um they'll say oh she's crazy or
733
00:45:55,020 --> 00:45:56,020
she's you know which is reflective there
734
00:45:57,060 --> 00:45:58,060
and and but most of the audience is
735
00:45:58,800 --> 00:45:59,800
looking at says oh she's crazy doesn't
736
00:46:00,420 --> 00:46:01,420
understand it's going to be taking a
737
00:46:02,640 --> 00:46:03,640
long time to have
738
00:46:04,920 --> 00:46:05,920
um it's our society change
739
00:46:08,060 --> 00:46:09,060
especially women's condition the movie
740
00:46:11,280 --> 00:46:12,280
is honest in this respect uh and this is
741
00:46:13,800 --> 00:46:14,800
why it's not popular I think the reason
742
00:46:15,900 --> 00:46:16,900
audiences would not go for even
743
00:46:17,400 --> 00:46:18,400
audiences even people who feel you know
744
00:46:19,140 --> 00:46:20,140
women are you know not treated well and
745
00:46:21,780 --> 00:46:22,780
they would want her to fight more to
746
00:46:24,119 --> 00:46:25,119
understand to understand what it is
747
00:46:26,160 --> 00:46:27,160
that's happening to her
748
00:46:28,079 --> 00:46:29,079
but the artist here is too honest to let
749
00:46:31,440 --> 00:46:32,440
this person
750
00:46:32,819 --> 00:46:33,819
give you the big dramatic scene the big
751
00:46:34,980 --> 00:46:35,980
Paul Newman scene now I understand and
752
00:46:37,200 --> 00:46:38,200
this is how we're doing and this is what
753
00:46:38,579 --> 00:46:39,579
audiences want they want the big hero or
754
00:46:41,400 --> 00:46:42,400
heroine to rise up and make a big speech
755
00:46:44,040 --> 00:46:45,040
or make a big gesture or something that
756
00:46:46,200 --> 00:46:47,200
the audience can identify with yes I can
757
00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:49,000
control my destiny the trouble here's
758
00:46:50,520 --> 00:46:51,520
where the pessimism comes in this woman
759
00:46:52,560 --> 00:46:53,560
cannot do that she doesn't she hasn't
760
00:46:54,359 --> 00:46:55,359
been educated he hasn't been trained
761
00:46:55,619 --> 00:46:56,619
it's impossible for her to find the word
762
00:46:57,420 --> 00:46:58,420
to express she can only do it most
763
00:46:59,420 --> 00:47:00,420
inarticulate Primal whatever deep inside
764
00:47:03,359 --> 00:47:04,359
her that's honest but nobody wants to
765
00:47:06,480 --> 00:47:07,480
see that
766
00:47:07,440 --> 00:47:08,440
in other words it's saying you're
767
00:47:08,760 --> 00:47:09,760
trapped there's nothing you can do is
768
00:47:10,140 --> 00:47:11,140
the only way you can express it through
769
00:47:11,460 --> 00:47:12,460
pathology people don't want to hear that
770
00:47:14,040 --> 00:47:15,040
but that's another pressing
771
00:47:18,960 --> 00:47:19,960
a film that shows the misery of a family
772
00:47:22,380 --> 00:47:23,380
or a village is not necessarily A
773
00:47:25,560 --> 00:47:26,560
pessimistic film but it is to make the
774
00:47:31,020 --> 00:47:32,020
audience to see why they are unhappy and
775
00:47:34,500 --> 00:47:35,500
and try to do something about it
776
00:47:36,839 --> 00:47:37,839
a village life
777
00:47:38,900 --> 00:47:39,900
is extremely uh
778
00:47:41,839 --> 00:47:42,839
vocal it's extremely with with a lot of
779
00:47:45,300 --> 00:47:46,300
Expressions I try to to
780
00:47:48,900 --> 00:47:49,900
oppress all that because I was trying to
781
00:47:52,020 --> 00:47:53,020
uh
782
00:47:53,579 --> 00:47:54,579
bring in
783
00:47:55,880 --> 00:47:56,880
something which I'm trying to say that
784
00:47:59,579 --> 00:48:00,579
oppression always
785
00:48:01,460 --> 00:48:02,460
brings in silence and I was trying to
786
00:48:05,160 --> 00:48:06,160
show that through through their silence
787
00:48:07,200 --> 00:48:08,200
and through their
788
00:48:08,640 --> 00:48:09,640
um
789
00:48:10,619 --> 00:48:11,619
um
790
00:48:11,359 --> 00:48:12,359
motionless
791
00:48:13,099 --> 00:48:14,099
like they were totally immobile and and
792
00:48:17,240 --> 00:48:18,240
for me that was what the operation had
793
00:48:20,460 --> 00:48:21,460
done to them
794
00:48:21,900 --> 00:48:22,900
and that was my my way of political way
795
00:48:26,099 --> 00:48:27,099
of dealing with
796
00:48:27,660 --> 00:48:28,660
um
797
00:48:28,440 --> 00:48:29,440
how
798
00:48:30,359 --> 00:48:31,359
a
799
00:48:32,640 --> 00:48:33,640
an oppressive system can change
800
00:48:35,640 --> 00:48:36,640
someone's life I think the repression
801
00:48:38,640 --> 00:48:39,640
indicates that something has to happen
802
00:48:40,619 --> 00:48:41,619
within the people
803
00:48:42,359 --> 00:48:43,359
change them as in addition to before
804
00:48:45,420 --> 00:48:46,420
anything can happen outside that is if
805
00:48:48,060 --> 00:48:49,060
you want to repress your neighbor or
806
00:48:49,740 --> 00:48:50,740
repress your daughter or press your son
807
00:48:51,780 --> 00:48:52,780
or repress your
808
00:48:53,640 --> 00:48:54,640
people who are weaker than you are
809
00:48:55,980 --> 00:48:56,980
then there's going to be somebody above
810
00:48:58,200 --> 00:48:59,200
you who's going to repress you it's
811
00:49:00,180 --> 00:49:01,180
going to be a chain you have to break
812
00:49:02,280 --> 00:49:03,280
the chain somewhere and I said where you
813
00:49:04,079 --> 00:49:05,079
know I differ with the marches and
814
00:49:05,460 --> 00:49:06,460
different with the left I believe the
815
00:49:06,839 --> 00:49:07,839
change has to come from within I think
816
00:49:08,640 --> 00:49:09,640
the change has to people have to change
817
00:49:10,980 --> 00:49:11,980
right from within the circle if we
818
00:49:13,040 --> 00:49:14,040
become more
819
00:49:15,119 --> 00:49:16,119
loving of our families become more
820
00:49:17,040 --> 00:49:18,040
understanding people around us try to
821
00:49:19,079 --> 00:49:20,079
understand people around us
822
00:49:21,020 --> 00:49:22,020
and work out we may achieve some kind of
823
00:49:24,660 --> 00:49:25,660
change but if we just make the channel
824
00:49:26,040 --> 00:49:27,040
we do is what we've been doing for the
825
00:49:29,099 --> 00:49:30,099
past few thousand years been
826
00:49:30,720 --> 00:49:31,720
substituting generally one tyranny for
827
00:49:32,520 --> 00:49:33,520
another
828
00:49:33,440 --> 00:49:34,440
uh I mean you could say this attorney is
829
00:49:35,760 --> 00:49:36,760
better than that tyranny but it's still
830
00:49:37,020 --> 00:49:38,020
tyranny to break it completely you have
831
00:49:39,359 --> 00:49:40,359
to genuinely believe
832
00:49:41,099 --> 00:49:42,099
in understanding the other person's
833
00:49:42,960 --> 00:49:43,960
existence accepting another person's
834
00:49:44,819 --> 00:49:45,819
existence another person's point of view
835
00:49:46,560 --> 00:49:47,560
the other person's
836
00:49:48,119 --> 00:49:49,119
right to express themselves and so on
837
00:49:50,660 --> 00:49:51,660
and uh I think you know if you follow a
838
00:49:54,960 --> 00:49:55,960
very tight patriarchal
839
00:49:57,000 --> 00:49:58,000
uh
840
00:49:58,560 --> 00:49:59,560
rigid community life that's going to
841
00:50:02,220 --> 00:50:03,220
reflect that ultimately Andrew Saras
842
00:50:04,920 --> 00:50:05,920
could very well be talking about our
843
00:50:07,020 --> 00:50:08,020
Salon sasani's band
844
00:50:12,480 --> 00:50:13,480
film also a film about repression the
845
00:50:16,500 --> 00:50:17,500
central character of this featurette is
846
00:50:18,960 --> 00:50:19,960
a small boy who separates a puppy from
847
00:50:21,660 --> 00:50:22,660
its mother and then against his father's
848
00:50:24,780 --> 00:50:25,780
wish desperately tries to keep the puppy
849
00:50:28,740 --> 00:50:29,740
hit
850
00:50:58,079 --> 00:50:59,079
me
851
00:51:16,360 --> 00:51:17,360
[Music]
852
00:51:22,140 --> 00:51:23,140
I think the message in in
853
00:51:24,839 --> 00:51:25,839
bamboo fence
854
00:51:27,119 --> 00:51:28,119
hidden
855
00:51:28,920 --> 00:51:29,920
under everything is that
856
00:51:31,680 --> 00:51:32,680
we Iranians
857
00:51:35,599 --> 00:51:36,599
are constantly confined
858
00:51:39,540 --> 00:51:40,540
we can find ourselves
859
00:51:42,500 --> 00:51:43,500
the bamboo fences that one sees so
860
00:51:45,960 --> 00:51:46,960
frequently
861
00:51:48,000 --> 00:51:49,000
I don't think the message is is saying
862
00:51:50,339 --> 00:51:51,339
that somebody else is confronting us
863
00:51:52,559 --> 00:51:53,559
I think it's saying that deep within us
864
00:51:55,380 --> 00:51:56,380
we can find ourselves and the father who
865
00:51:59,520 --> 00:52:00,520
is so strong and appears to westernize
866
00:52:01,680 --> 00:52:02,680
to be so brutal
867
00:52:03,660 --> 00:52:04,660
onto the child slapping the child and
868
00:52:06,359 --> 00:52:07,359
taking a child's dog away
869
00:52:09,119 --> 00:52:10,119
I know that a dog means something
870
00:52:11,220 --> 00:52:12,220
different in Iran from what it does in
871
00:52:12,900 --> 00:52:13,900
the United States but you know to my
872
00:52:14,819 --> 00:52:15,819
eyes he's a very brutal father
873
00:52:17,640 --> 00:52:18,640
I think the message there intended or
874
00:52:20,640 --> 00:52:21,640
not
875
00:52:22,079 --> 00:52:23,079
um says Iran wants strong leaders in
876
00:52:26,880 --> 00:52:27,880
this case a father Iran wants strong
877
00:52:29,520 --> 00:52:30,520
father figures and the wrong Iran has
878
00:52:33,119 --> 00:52:34,119
always had strong father figures
879
00:52:37,040 --> 00:52:38,040
[Music]
880
00:52:46,700 --> 00:52:47,700
get away
881
00:52:56,330 --> 00:52:57,330
[Music]
882
00:53:14,540 --> 00:53:15,540
thank you
883
00:53:18,630 --> 00:53:19,630
[Music]
884
00:53:21,359 --> 00:53:22,359
foreign
885
00:53:33,059 --> 00:53:34,059
Dr Louis forsdale visited Iran twice in
886
00:53:36,660 --> 00:53:37,660
the 70s and was fascinated by the
887
00:53:39,300 --> 00:53:40,300
indigenous Cinema he discovered there
888
00:53:41,160 --> 00:53:42,160
the quality of the film was their beauty
889
00:53:43,800 --> 00:53:44,800
the photography was simply superb
890
00:53:46,380 --> 00:53:47,380
everything about them was something that
891
00:53:49,020 --> 00:53:50,020
that was totally unexpected to me a good
892
00:53:52,500 --> 00:53:53,500
example is um
893
00:53:54,540 --> 00:53:55,540
and use the bamboo French
894
00:53:58,200 --> 00:53:59,200
um the short film The Story of young boy
895
00:54:00,720 --> 00:54:01,720
who's forever within a boundary within
896
00:54:05,040 --> 00:54:06,040
fences that he can't seem to to break
897
00:54:07,140 --> 00:54:08,140
their loose from dominated by him
898
00:54:10,859 --> 00:54:11,859
a father who appears to a western eye to
899
00:54:14,280 --> 00:54:15,280
be extremely uh
900
00:54:16,079 --> 00:54:17,079
harsh you know my heart goes out to the
901
00:54:19,920 --> 00:54:20,920
little kid the man is surrounded
902
00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:25,000
by his own problems his problem is
903
00:54:30,059 --> 00:54:31,059
it's much bigger
904
00:54:33,180 --> 00:54:34,180
that for instance the problem why the
905
00:54:37,800 --> 00:54:38,800
sun doesn't go to the school
906
00:54:40,500 --> 00:54:41,500
you see the man
907
00:54:42,540 --> 00:54:43,540
the time that he punishes the boy
908
00:54:45,000 --> 00:54:46,000
you see the man he just he spread
909
00:54:49,980 --> 00:54:50,980
the net
910
00:54:51,480 --> 00:54:52,480
you know on the surface
911
00:54:53,480 --> 00:54:54,480
of the sea but he doesn't get anything
912
00:54:58,140 --> 00:54:59,140
he doesn't get anything and he's so
913
00:55:00,540 --> 00:55:01,540
fascinated
914
00:55:02,099 --> 00:55:03,099
and meanwhile you know he
915
00:55:05,160 --> 00:55:06,160
he's informed that his son didn't attend
916
00:55:08,280 --> 00:55:09,280
school
917
00:55:09,660 --> 00:55:10,660
no he's not mad because white son didn't
918
00:55:12,300 --> 00:55:13,300
live in school he's mad because he
919
00:55:14,280 --> 00:55:15,280
doesn't have anything to do with
920
00:55:18,059 --> 00:55:19,059
it
921
00:55:18,940 --> 00:55:19,940
[Music]
922
00:55:22,559 --> 00:55:23,559
the way of raising a child
923
00:55:27,240 --> 00:55:28,240
in a country
924
00:55:28,680 --> 00:55:29,680
like Iran
925
00:55:30,359 --> 00:55:31,359
or better to say in a third world
926
00:55:32,339 --> 00:55:33,339
country is absolutely different
927
00:55:36,839 --> 00:55:37,839
that's because of poverty
928
00:55:40,020 --> 00:55:41,020
it's because of
929
00:55:43,980 --> 00:55:44,980
the simplest thing that you should have
930
00:55:45,480 --> 00:55:46,480
in your life when you don't have it
931
00:55:51,000 --> 00:55:52,000
I remember my father used to hit me by
932
00:55:53,579 --> 00:55:54,579
Muhammad
933
00:55:55,099 --> 00:55:56,099
Hammer Hammer yeah yeah or just
934
00:56:01,440 --> 00:56:02,440
that was because my father has the same
935
00:56:03,839 --> 00:56:04,839
problem that this man has
936
00:56:16,559 --> 00:56:17,559
the bamboo friends I think is one of the
937
00:56:18,960 --> 00:56:19,960
loveliest short films I've I have ever
938
00:56:21,359 --> 00:56:22,359
seen
939
00:56:22,440 --> 00:56:23,440
with the message was so deeply embedded
940
00:56:25,260 --> 00:56:26,260
in the film that it that it doesn't slap
941
00:56:27,540 --> 00:56:28,540
you in the face
942
00:56:29,099 --> 00:56:30,099
with a story that's so touching and so
943
00:56:31,980 --> 00:56:32,980
moving I compare it with LA Maurice's um
944
00:56:36,300 --> 00:56:37,300
red balloon
945
00:56:37,920 --> 00:56:38,920
and that is very high tribute indeed
946
00:56:40,380 --> 00:56:41,380
because among short films
947
00:56:42,500 --> 00:56:43,500
I think of the red balloon being almost
948
00:56:45,540 --> 00:56:46,540
without flaw
949
00:56:47,940 --> 00:56:48,940
fence represents the best of short
950
00:56:50,220 --> 00:56:51,220
Iranian films religions in Iran by Mano
951
00:56:54,059 --> 00:56:55,059
chair tie up represents the best of
952
00:56:56,460 --> 00:56:57,460
Iranian documentaries
953
00:57:01,500 --> 00:57:02,500
[Music]
954
00:57:20,160 --> 00:57:21,160
religions in Iran Compares and at times
955
00:57:23,339 --> 00:57:24,339
contrasts the religious rituals of four
956
00:57:26,579 --> 00:57:27,579
of the state-sanctioned religions in
957
00:57:28,920 --> 00:57:29,920
Iran under the Shah Islam
958
00:57:33,480 --> 00:57:34,480
Christianity
959
00:57:36,740 --> 00:57:37,740
[Music]
960
00:57:44,099 --> 00:57:45,099
Judaism
961
00:57:54,650 --> 00:57:55,650
[Applause]
962
00:58:00,119 --> 00:58:01,119
and so austrianism
963
00:58:04,319 --> 00:58:05,319
I think regardless to the title of the
964
00:58:07,260 --> 00:58:08,260
film
965
00:58:08,280 --> 00:58:09,280
I had really no intention to make a film
966
00:58:10,859 --> 00:58:11,859
about religions in particular
967
00:58:14,220 --> 00:58:15,220
I tried to make films about human beings
968
00:58:18,000 --> 00:58:19,000
and
969
00:58:21,240 --> 00:58:22,240
vis-a-vis their religions something
970
00:58:26,040 --> 00:58:27,040
important to their lives Maybe
971
00:58:29,099 --> 00:58:30,099
True Religions they try to get some
972
00:58:31,380 --> 00:58:32,380
answer to their questions
973
00:58:53,480 --> 00:58:54,480
I really didn't want to make a
974
00:58:55,920 --> 00:58:56,920
documentary about different religious
975
00:58:58,799 --> 00:58:59,799
groups
976
00:59:00,000 --> 00:59:01,000
or sects there were many other sex and
977
00:59:03,660 --> 00:59:04,660
religious groups that I never referred
978
00:59:05,339 --> 00:59:06,339
to them because it as I told the main
979
00:59:09,119 --> 00:59:10,119
goal was human being
980
00:59:11,220 --> 00:59:12,220
and not the religion
981
00:59:14,160 --> 00:59:15,160
that's why I never mentioned which
982
00:59:16,260 --> 00:59:17,260
religion is which
983
00:59:23,300 --> 00:59:24,300
[Music]
984
00:59:36,119 --> 00:59:37,119
laughs
985
00:59:37,859 --> 00:59:38,859
foreign
986
00:59:43,370 --> 00:59:44,370
[Music]
987
00:59:49,100 --> 00:59:50,100
[Music]
988
01:00:02,130 --> 01:00:03,130
[Music]
989
01:00:08,339 --> 01:00:09,339
foreign
990
01:00:10,530 --> 01:00:11,530
[Music]
991
01:00:20,160 --> 01:00:21,160
[Music]
992
01:00:27,839 --> 01:00:28,839
rituals
993
01:00:29,300 --> 01:00:30,300
[Music]
994
01:00:31,260 --> 01:00:32,260
exist in all religions
995
01:00:34,619 --> 01:00:35,619
sure at this moment it seems a little
996
01:00:36,599 --> 01:00:37,599
bit violent but
997
01:00:38,220 --> 01:00:39,220
it has nothing to do with a bunch of
998
01:00:40,260 --> 01:00:41,260
violent people that are praying
999
01:00:43,859 --> 01:00:44,859
I never divided the religions
1000
01:00:46,859 --> 01:00:47,859
that's why I
1001
01:00:48,480 --> 01:00:49,480
make
1002
01:00:49,920 --> 01:00:50,920
cuts from one religion to other and I
1003
01:00:52,920 --> 01:00:53,920
wanted to make a unity in this film
1004
01:00:55,740 --> 01:00:56,740
because I believe if there is a God is
1005
01:00:58,740 --> 01:00:59,740
there one and only God and there is no
1006
01:01:01,559 --> 01:01:02,559
difference
1007
01:01:02,640 --> 01:01:03,640
and
1008
01:01:05,160 --> 01:01:06,160
that's why I
1009
01:01:09,240 --> 01:01:10,240
simply show people
1010
01:01:13,260 --> 01:01:14,260
looking for something trying to get
1011
01:01:16,680 --> 01:01:17,680
closer to what they want
1012
01:01:26,290 --> 01:01:27,290
[Music]
1013
01:01:28,350 --> 01:01:29,350
[Applause]
1014
01:01:46,150 --> 01:01:47,150
[Music]
1015
01:01:51,320 --> 01:01:52,320
[Applause]
1016
01:01:54,299 --> 01:01:55,299
foreign
1017
01:01:56,310 --> 01:01:57,310
[Applause]
1018
01:02:00,000 --> 01:02:01,000
to show the violence
1019
01:02:02,160 --> 01:02:03,160
but not
1020
01:02:03,680 --> 01:02:04,680
violence in a particular religion
1021
01:02:06,839 --> 01:02:07,839
it's the expression of human being we
1022
01:02:09,299 --> 01:02:10,299
can't control them
1023
01:02:11,520 --> 01:02:12,520
I mean we can see the guideline how they
1024
01:02:14,160 --> 01:02:15,160
have to pray
1025
01:02:23,520 --> 01:02:24,520
that always seems to be trying to reach
1026
01:02:26,040 --> 01:02:27,040
out for something in effect the camera
1027
01:02:29,040 --> 01:02:30,040
itself turns into a pilgrim in a shrine
1028
01:02:34,740 --> 01:02:35,740
my camera
1029
01:02:37,559 --> 01:02:38,559
is a part of me
1030
01:02:40,079 --> 01:02:41,079
and if I see the scenes I have to
1031
01:02:43,559 --> 01:02:44,559
reflect my ideas through my camera
1032
01:02:49,440 --> 01:02:50,440
tie up also carefully uses distancing
1033
01:02:52,559 --> 01:02:53,559
techniques to keep his audience from
1034
01:02:54,660 --> 01:02:55,660
being emotionally involved he
1035
01:02:57,240 --> 01:02:58,240
effectively intercuts long moving shots
1036
01:03:00,059 --> 01:03:01,059
of empty sacred places with the same
1037
01:03:03,540 --> 01:03:04,540
places packed with people in order to
1038
01:03:06,000 --> 01:03:07,000
maintain an objective sense of
1039
01:03:08,460 --> 01:03:09,460
separation of figure from ground
1040
01:03:19,020 --> 01:03:20,020
I didn't want to
1041
01:03:21,119 --> 01:03:22,119
get involved with the emotionally
1042
01:03:23,460 --> 01:03:24,460
involved with the whole action I kept my
1043
01:03:25,920 --> 01:03:26,920
camera sometimes in a distance sometimes
1044
01:03:29,220 --> 01:03:30,220
I got closer and sometimes I use the
1045
01:03:32,339 --> 01:03:33,339
subjective camera which means
1046
01:03:35,760 --> 01:03:36,760
me and my camera was a part of this
1047
01:03:37,980 --> 01:03:38,980
crowd
1048
01:03:40,980 --> 01:03:41,980
I used all these empty places to give my
1049
01:03:45,540 --> 01:03:46,540
audience an opportunity to think and not
1050
01:03:48,540 --> 01:03:49,540
getting emotionally involved all the
1051
01:03:50,280 --> 01:03:51,280
time because he had to make his own
1052
01:03:52,200 --> 01:03:53,200
decisions you know that's why I used
1053
01:03:55,920 --> 01:03:56,920
these various slow camera movements in
1054
01:03:59,280 --> 01:04:00,280
empty places
1055
01:04:01,260 --> 01:04:02,260
like churches and
1056
01:04:04,079 --> 01:04:05,079
mosques
1057
01:04:05,940 --> 01:04:06,940
that's the point I really wanted to give
1058
01:04:08,760 --> 01:04:09,760
in
1059
01:04:09,780 --> 01:04:10,780
an opportunity to think
1060
01:04:19,470 --> 01:04:20,470
[Music]
1061
01:04:30,080 --> 01:04:31,080
[Music]
1062
01:04:39,720 --> 01:04:40,720
mama
1063
01:04:45,650 --> 01:04:46,650
[Music]
1064
01:04:50,220 --> 01:04:51,220
the artistic flowering of Iranian Cinema
1065
01:04:52,920 --> 01:04:53,920
in the 70s was partly the result of a
1066
01:04:55,740 --> 01:04:56,740
symbiotic type of relationship between
1067
01:04:58,020 --> 01:04:59,020
the government and the quality
1068
01:05:00,059 --> 01:05:01,059
filmmakers
1069
01:05:01,380 --> 01:05:02,380
films in their symbolic ways were highly
1070
01:05:04,799 --> 01:05:05,799
critical of the establishment yet the
1071
01:05:07,200 --> 01:05:08,200
filmmakers had to turn to the same
1072
01:05:09,000 --> 01:05:10,000
establishment for financial support
1073
01:05:10,920 --> 01:05:11,920
because their projects had little
1074
01:05:13,440 --> 01:05:14,440
Commercial Appeal to attract any private
1075
01:05:15,900 --> 01:05:16,900
investors on the other hand the
1076
01:05:18,780 --> 01:05:19,780
government while basically suspicious of
1077
01:05:21,299 --> 01:05:22,299
the filmmakers and their intentions
1078
01:05:23,240 --> 01:05:24,240
found itself benefiting from being
1079
01:05:26,040 --> 01:05:27,040
associated with them the films were
1080
01:05:28,799 --> 01:05:29,799
receiving tremendously favorable
1081
01:05:30,900 --> 01:05:31,900
responses in international festivals and
1082
01:05:34,619 --> 01:05:35,619
the Shaw's government was actively
1083
01:05:36,780 --> 01:05:37,780
campaigning to counterbalance its
1084
01:05:39,480 --> 01:05:40,480
debased political image abroad with as
1085
01:05:42,420 --> 01:05:43,420
much cultural Prestige as they could
1086
01:05:44,700 --> 01:05:45,700
gain the relationship however did not
1087
01:05:48,240 --> 01:05:49,240
always work
1088
01:05:49,740 --> 01:05:50,740
manager tie up made his film for the
1089
01:05:52,740 --> 01:05:53,740
ministry of art and culture one of the
1090
01:05:55,260 --> 01:05:56,260
filmmaking branches of the government
1091
01:05:56,900 --> 01:05:57,900
but ironically the ministry refused to
1092
01:06:00,599 --> 01:06:01,599
issue a screening permit for the film
1093
01:06:03,359 --> 01:06:04,359
as far as I know this film has never
1094
01:06:05,940 --> 01:06:06,940
been released for a public screening in
1095
01:06:08,760 --> 01:06:09,760
Iran because of the controversy between
1096
01:06:11,160 --> 01:06:12,160
the religious leaders at that time
1097
01:06:14,700 --> 01:06:15,700
they they didn't actually didn't like
1098
01:06:17,940 --> 01:06:18,940
the way I made this film government
1099
01:06:21,240 --> 01:06:22,240
people and I think they they didn't have
1100
01:06:23,339 --> 01:06:24,339
any specific idea
1101
01:06:25,559 --> 01:06:26,559
but they referred all the time when they
1102
01:06:27,960 --> 01:06:28,960
did when they got such a film on the
1103
01:06:29,880 --> 01:06:30,880
subject they refer to the people that
1104
01:06:32,220 --> 01:06:33,220
were in charge or were interested you
1105
01:06:34,380 --> 01:06:35,380
know and then they made their decision
1106
01:06:36,839 --> 01:06:37,839
but uh I think
1107
01:06:41,640 --> 01:06:42,640
I mean if they didn't release this film
1108
01:06:44,359 --> 01:06:45,359
which means to me that they really
1109
01:06:47,099 --> 01:06:48,099
didn't want to to show the film in here
1110
01:06:49,619 --> 01:06:50,619
for public
1111
01:06:51,780 --> 01:06:52,780
and I asked them why they don't screen
1112
01:06:55,559 --> 01:06:56,559
this film I mean publicly they told me
1113
01:06:58,500 --> 01:06:59,500
it's it's actually impossible to do it
1114
01:07:03,079 --> 01:07:04,079
religions in Iran was not an isolated
1115
01:07:05,940 --> 01:07:06,940
case a number of other government-funded
1116
01:07:09,180 --> 01:07:10,180
or Independent films were either banned
1117
01:07:11,760 --> 01:07:12,760
or had problems receiving a screening
1118
01:07:14,220 --> 01:07:15,220
permit
1119
01:07:16,020 --> 01:07:17,020
one film in particular
1120
01:07:18,440 --> 01:07:19,440
which was kept out of circulation for a
1121
01:07:21,660 --> 01:07:22,660
long time and in fact never really
1122
01:07:23,640 --> 01:07:24,640
achieved much circulation during the
1123
01:07:25,859 --> 01:07:26,859
regime of the Shah was the uh the film
1124
01:07:28,940 --> 01:07:29,940
now the story was of that the uh the
1125
01:07:33,000 --> 01:07:34,000
Iranian Association of Physicians
1126
01:07:34,819 --> 01:07:35,819
objected to this film because it was
1127
01:07:37,260 --> 01:07:38,260
directly critical of the medical
1128
01:07:39,480 --> 01:07:40,480
profession
1129
01:07:40,859 --> 01:07:41,859
well yes the reason I was banned was
1130
01:07:43,319 --> 01:07:44,319
because uh but I mean it showed you know
1131
01:07:45,539 --> 01:07:46,539
this kind of a poverty and everything it
1132
01:07:47,039 --> 01:07:48,039
was like uh the thing that uh for
1133
01:07:49,859 --> 01:07:50,859
instance Dr ball told me he said that uh
1134
01:07:51,960 --> 01:07:52,960
the way you showed this thing was that
1135
01:07:54,359 --> 01:07:55,359
uh you have a very beautiful restaurant
1136
01:07:57,180 --> 01:07:58,180
for instance uh on um in appearance very
1137
01:08:00,720 --> 01:08:01,720
good but you just don't show the
1138
01:08:02,880 --> 01:08:03,880
restaurant you go into the kitchen and
1139
01:08:05,039 --> 01:08:06,039
you show the dirty kitchen and all these
1140
01:08:07,440 --> 01:08:08,440
you know Cooks who are doing Dirty Works
1141
01:08:10,260 --> 01:08:11,260
and so on so your film is like that it
1142
01:08:13,319 --> 01:08:14,319
does not show you know this uh this
1143
01:08:16,679 --> 01:08:17,679
modern
1144
01:08:17,759 --> 01:08:18,759
uh glamorous you know uh industrial
1145
01:08:21,920 --> 01:08:22,920
country which they wished to show so
1146
01:08:25,739 --> 01:08:26,739
that's why they banned it and it was
1147
01:08:27,060 --> 01:08:28,060
banned again the longest band was on
1148
01:08:29,160 --> 01:08:30,160
that plane for three and a half years
1149
01:08:31,500 --> 01:08:32,500
they paralyzed me because they really
1150
01:08:34,319 --> 01:08:35,319
also allow me to to make other films all
1151
01:08:36,660 --> 01:08:37,660
my projects would be
1152
01:08:38,219 --> 01:08:39,219
uh
1153
01:08:39,719 --> 01:08:40,719
uh refused
1154
01:08:48,779 --> 01:08:49,779
oh
1155
01:08:50,040 --> 01:08:51,040
yeah
1156
01:09:05,239 --> 01:09:06,239
very uh strong film
1157
01:09:08,239 --> 01:09:09,239
it hit me in the gut because I wasn't
1158
01:09:11,339 --> 01:09:12,339
expecting it at all I wasn't expecting
1159
01:09:15,380 --> 01:09:16,380
the theme of the trafficking in blood
1160
01:09:19,199 --> 01:09:20,199
getting blood from diseased people and
1161
01:09:22,799 --> 01:09:23,799
and selling it to to hospitals
1162
01:09:25,140 --> 01:09:26,140
foreign
1163
01:09:30,069 --> 01:09:31,069
[Music]
1164
01:09:51,319 --> 01:09:52,319
don't give it to me
1165
01:10:17,260 --> 01:10:18,260
[Music]
1166
01:10:26,060 --> 01:10:27,060
all these Laboratories in which these uh
1167
01:10:30,179 --> 01:10:31,179
poor people these addicted people would
1168
01:10:33,719 --> 01:10:34,719
donate blood
1169
01:10:35,360 --> 01:10:36,360
they were all very secret and hidden
1170
01:10:39,060 --> 01:10:40,060
from the public and they they would make
1171
01:10:41,580 --> 01:10:42,580
a lot of money out of that
1172
01:10:43,860 --> 01:10:44,860
uh the things that I I showed in the
1173
01:10:47,640 --> 01:10:48,640
film was it actually came from the
1174
01:10:50,219 --> 01:10:51,219
reality and even the locations that I
1175
01:10:52,440 --> 01:10:53,440
used where the original locations the
1176
01:10:55,739 --> 01:10:56,739
cycle
1177
01:10:56,880 --> 01:10:57,880
is very overt um in its protest
1178
01:11:00,960 --> 01:11:01,960
it happens to protest
1179
01:11:04,440 --> 01:11:05,440
blood exchanges which become
1180
01:11:06,540 --> 01:11:07,540
contaminated and patients die and there
1181
01:11:08,940 --> 01:11:09,940
are payoffs involved and
1182
01:11:10,920 --> 01:11:11,920
and and that sort of thing it's a very
1183
01:11:12,900 --> 01:11:13,900
bitter very direct film
1184
01:11:15,360 --> 01:11:16,360
it's directed at an entire system
1185
01:11:24,920 --> 01:11:25,920
[Music]
1186
01:11:33,000 --> 01:11:34,000
s
1187
01:11:49,100 --> 01:11:50,100
that's it
1188
01:12:06,659 --> 01:12:07,659
that's right now
1189
01:12:23,880 --> 01:12:24,880
in Amazon
1190
01:12:35,100 --> 01:12:36,100
Los Angeles
1191
01:12:40,260 --> 01:12:41,260
the point that is is perhaps most
1192
01:12:46,040 --> 01:12:47,040
politically important is the that the
1193
01:12:49,199 --> 01:12:50,199
film deals with the selling of blood
1194
01:12:51,840 --> 01:12:52,840
and the this becomes a an extremely
1195
01:12:55,199 --> 01:12:56,199
important uh device uh for the film in
1196
01:12:59,940 --> 01:13:00,940
order to make a political protest
1197
01:13:01,679 --> 01:13:02,679
without making a political protest
1198
01:13:04,980 --> 01:13:05,980
uh we have individuals downtrodden
1199
01:13:07,860 --> 01:13:08,860
individuals people from Villages these
1200
01:13:09,900 --> 01:13:10,900
drug addicts and other individuals who
1201
01:13:12,360 --> 01:13:13,360
are who are selling their blood in order
1202
01:13:15,120 --> 01:13:16,120
to just simply survive
1203
01:13:17,580 --> 01:13:18,580
and we find a young and very innocent
1204
01:13:20,239 --> 01:13:21,239
young man who is
1205
01:13:22,820 --> 01:13:23,820
come to the city in order to to try to
1206
01:13:26,040 --> 01:13:27,040
get medical care for his father and ends
1207
01:13:29,640 --> 01:13:30,640
up being part of the of the the ring
1208
01:13:33,600 --> 01:13:34,600
which rounds up individuals and uh and
1209
01:13:37,080 --> 01:13:38,080
brings them in in order to to sell their
1210
01:13:39,600 --> 01:13:40,600
blood in order to feed a very lucrative
1211
01:13:42,000 --> 01:13:43,000
Medical Practice
1212
01:13:47,940 --> 01:13:48,940
foreign
1213
01:13:49,750 --> 01:13:50,750
[Applause]
1214
01:13:59,420 --> 01:14:00,420
[Applause]
1215
01:14:03,060 --> 01:14:04,060
even people who have the best intentions
1216
01:14:05,460 --> 01:14:06,460
like this young man eventually get
1217
01:14:07,860 --> 01:14:08,860
caught up in the in the entire process
1218
01:14:11,400 --> 01:14:12,400
of of corruption and of the bleeding the
1219
01:14:16,500 --> 01:14:17,500
public Drive literally in order to be
1220
01:14:18,960 --> 01:14:19,960
able to survive themselves
1221
01:14:24,800 --> 01:14:25,800
you work twice with Olam Hussein Society
1222
01:14:28,020 --> 01:14:29,020
they were respected the Iranian
1223
01:14:30,179 --> 01:14:31,179
playwright What attracted you to his
1224
01:14:32,280 --> 01:14:33,280
work
1225
01:14:33,179 --> 01:14:34,179
uh
1226
01:14:34,739 --> 01:14:35,739
first of all I thought that he was the
1227
01:14:36,480 --> 01:14:37,480
best dramatic writer the best story
1228
01:14:38,940 --> 01:14:39,940
short story writer the best and I his
1229
01:14:42,659 --> 01:14:43,659
story is attracted me they had somehow
1230
01:14:45,960 --> 01:14:46,960
those Elements which I always cherished
1231
01:14:48,780 --> 01:14:49,780
in you know in in works of good
1232
01:14:51,120 --> 01:14:52,120
literature that is to say different
1233
01:14:53,219 --> 01:14:54,219
layers different dimensions of meaning
1234
01:14:55,500 --> 01:14:56,500
of attitude of human relationship and
1235
01:15:00,060 --> 01:15:01,060
particularly this this mysterious up
1236
01:15:03,600 --> 01:15:04,600
this mysterious
1237
01:15:05,900 --> 01:15:06,900
symbolic or or one could say a mystical
1238
01:15:09,179 --> 01:15:10,179
element which exists in in some of his
1239
01:15:12,360 --> 01:15:13,360
works that he somehow transcends you
1240
01:15:15,300 --> 01:15:16,300
know the the given reality and someone
1241
01:15:18,659 --> 01:15:19,659
talks about certain Elements which are
1242
01:15:20,699 --> 01:15:21,699
so real
1243
01:15:23,030 --> 01:15:24,030
[Applause]
1244
01:15:25,159 --> 01:15:26,159
and also the fact that he had a very
1245
01:15:28,520 --> 01:15:29,520
critical uh Vivid critical Vision in
1246
01:15:33,840 --> 01:15:34,840
regard to the reality which existed
1247
01:15:36,140 --> 01:15:37,140
around him and he was tremendously
1248
01:15:40,080 --> 01:15:41,080
involved you know with the poor people
1249
01:15:42,000 --> 01:15:43,000
with all these conflicts
1250
01:15:44,640 --> 01:15:45,640
these issues the political issues
1251
01:15:47,940 --> 01:15:48,940
if there was one thing which perhaps
1252
01:15:50,760 --> 01:15:51,760
stands out about those Iranian films
1253
01:15:52,500 --> 01:15:53,500
that I've seen in terms of a a common
1254
01:15:54,960 --> 01:15:55,960
kind of subject matter and theme
1255
01:15:57,239 --> 01:15:58,239
it is
1256
01:15:58,699 --> 01:15:59,699
curiously the apparent absence of the
1257
01:16:01,620 --> 01:16:02,620
government in a way it's probably a wish
1258
01:16:04,980 --> 01:16:05,980
knowing of great man in life that the
1259
01:16:06,900 --> 01:16:07,900
government would disappear and that the
1260
01:16:08,820 --> 01:16:09,820
people would uh
1261
01:16:10,199 --> 01:16:11,199
murder would would somehow follow their
1262
01:16:12,300 --> 01:16:13,300
own instincts it's a kind of low-key
1263
01:16:16,100 --> 01:16:17,100
anarchic spirit
1264
01:16:18,420 --> 01:16:19,420
I think there and I think they've moved
1265
01:16:20,100 --> 01:16:21,100
into areas where they don't have to deal
1266
01:16:22,500 --> 01:16:23,500
with the president I think the absence
1267
01:16:23,880 --> 01:16:24,880
of the government
1268
01:16:25,320 --> 01:16:26,320
and I filmed from a very repressive
1269
01:16:27,840 --> 01:16:28,840
Society indicate a desire possibly to
1270
01:16:30,960 --> 01:16:31,960
escape
1271
01:16:32,100 --> 01:16:33,100
from that and instead what you have are
1272
01:16:34,560 --> 01:16:35,560
people who apparently are sort of living
1273
01:16:36,360 --> 01:16:37,360
without any external Authority in their
1274
01:16:38,699 --> 01:16:39,699
lives
1275
01:16:39,960 --> 01:16:40,960
um which I imagine is kind of omitted
1276
01:16:41,520 --> 01:16:42,520
because it'd be almost impossible to
1277
01:16:42,840 --> 01:16:43,840
treat
1278
01:16:43,739 --> 01:16:44,739
but who on an individual basis
1279
01:16:47,219 --> 01:16:48,219
seem to be
1280
01:16:49,260 --> 01:16:50,260
um cutting each other up
1281
01:16:51,780 --> 01:16:52,780
um where there's a number of other
1282
01:16:53,219 --> 01:16:54,219
Cinemas that I've seen kind of focus on
1283
01:16:55,980 --> 01:16:56,980
the the struggles of women or the the
1284
01:16:58,140 --> 01:16:59,140
clashes between the government and and
1285
01:17:00,540 --> 01:17:01,540
peasants or or whatever it is
1286
01:17:03,000 --> 01:17:04,000
somehow does an individualization of
1287
01:17:06,600 --> 01:17:07,600
conflict which is in the foreground
1288
01:17:09,120 --> 01:17:10,120
of of the Iranian films I've seen and
1289
01:17:12,960 --> 01:17:13,960
which I presume is left to the uh
1290
01:17:17,699 --> 01:17:18,699
positive context by the Iranian Jews who
1291
01:17:20,400 --> 01:17:21,400
were obviously live the context
1292
01:17:22,500 --> 01:17:23,500
films which try to give attention to
1293
01:17:25,860 --> 01:17:26,860
General Social realities could only do
1294
01:17:28,980 --> 01:17:29,980
so without specifying what their causes
1295
01:17:31,860 --> 01:17:32,860
were so the causes have to be left to be
1296
01:17:33,840 --> 01:17:34,840
filled in by the viewers
1297
01:17:35,880 --> 01:17:36,880
foreign
1298
01:17:36,910 --> 01:17:37,910
[Music]
1299
01:17:43,200 --> 01:17:44,200
[Music]
1300
01:18:02,520 --> 01:18:03,520
laughs
1301
01:18:10,679 --> 01:18:11,679
laughs
1302
01:18:14,040 --> 01:18:15,040
oh
1303
01:18:17,239 --> 01:18:18,239
I'm reminded in a funny kind of way of
1304
01:18:20,640 --> 01:18:21,640
some Eastern European films some of the
1305
01:18:22,620 --> 01:18:23,620
Czech films in the early 60s and so on
1306
01:18:24,600 --> 01:18:25,600
which again paid attention to a velocity
1307
01:18:27,179 --> 01:18:28,179
of things which were going on and even
1308
01:18:29,580 --> 01:18:30,580
to do that it was highly unpopular with
1309
01:18:32,280 --> 01:18:33,280
the Czech authorities because they had a
1310
01:18:35,280 --> 01:18:36,280
vision of Czechoslovakia as being you
1311
01:18:37,260 --> 01:18:38,260
know one of the the the the the the best
1312
01:18:39,900 --> 01:18:40,900
places in the world to live in where
1313
01:18:41,340 --> 01:18:42,340
problems were basically solved as they
1314
01:18:43,080 --> 01:18:44,080
weren't solved would be solved next year
1315
01:18:45,780 --> 01:18:46,780
um and
1316
01:18:47,280 --> 01:18:48,280
there's a certain kind of reminiscence
1317
01:18:49,199 --> 01:18:50,199
there for me my impression is that as
1318
01:18:52,560 --> 01:18:53,560
long as the as long as criticism of the
1319
01:18:56,400 --> 01:18:57,400
government remain on a symbolic level
1320
01:18:59,219 --> 01:19:00,219
and not on a direct level
1321
01:19:01,679 --> 01:19:02,679
then the uh then a film would probably
1322
01:19:05,340 --> 01:19:06,340
be allowed to be shown
1323
01:19:08,280 --> 01:19:09,280
not necessarily necessarily
1324
01:19:10,560 --> 01:19:11,560
films resorted to symbolic communication
1325
01:19:13,320 --> 01:19:14,320
they could still run into problems with
1326
01:19:15,900 --> 01:19:16,900
the government witness farmanara's tall
1327
01:19:18,780 --> 01:19:19,780
Shadows of the Wind
1328
01:19:22,320 --> 01:19:23,320
the objection of the chance regime was
1329
01:19:24,540 --> 01:19:25,540
that by scarecrow we meant Shah and his
1330
01:19:28,920 --> 01:19:29,920
secret service another group of sensor
1331
01:19:32,340 --> 01:19:33,340
in the Romania regime they said by
1332
01:19:35,100 --> 01:19:36,100
the Scarecrow you mean how many and his
1333
01:19:37,199 --> 01:19:38,199
regime I told him that this film was
1334
01:19:39,480 --> 01:19:40,480
made prior to your regime so we couldn't
1335
01:19:42,900 --> 01:19:43,900
mean that
1336
01:19:44,580 --> 01:19:45,580
in Iran political relationships for
1337
01:19:47,340 --> 01:19:48,340
centuries have had a an extraordinarily
1338
01:19:49,920 --> 01:19:50,920
unique quality
1339
01:19:51,659 --> 01:19:52,659
the ruling authorities have always tried
1340
01:19:54,360 --> 01:19:55,360
to legitimize themselves by reference to
1341
01:19:56,760 --> 01:19:57,760
some cultural or historical or moral
1342
01:19:59,340 --> 01:20:00,340
system which is over and above everyday
1343
01:20:02,159 --> 01:20:03,159
life
1344
01:20:03,239 --> 01:20:04,239
during the Sean's regime the Shah tried
1345
01:20:05,940 --> 01:20:06,940
to associate his regime with the
1346
01:20:07,800 --> 01:20:08,800
pre-islamic empires and with the
1347
01:20:09,719 --> 01:20:10,719
institution of the monarchy down through
1348
01:20:12,780 --> 01:20:13,780
history and staged a number of symbolic
1349
01:20:15,540 --> 01:20:16,540
celebrations in order to in order to
1350
01:20:17,699 --> 01:20:18,699
emphasize this under the regime of the
1351
01:20:20,699 --> 01:20:21,699
Ayatollah Khomeini we have reference to
1352
01:20:22,800 --> 01:20:23,800
the legitimacy of Islam as a system the
1353
01:20:26,340 --> 01:20:27,340
interesting thing about
1354
01:20:28,100 --> 01:20:29,100
pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary
1355
01:20:30,120 --> 01:20:31,120
Iran is that the hierarchical structure
1356
01:20:32,760 --> 01:20:33,760
of the society has remained unchanged
1357
01:20:35,340 --> 01:20:36,340
it's difficult to criticize that
1358
01:20:37,980 --> 01:20:38,980
Authority without negating your
1359
01:20:40,920 --> 01:20:41,920
acceptance of that basic relationship
1360
01:20:43,920 --> 01:20:44,920
and therefore if you have grievances or
1361
01:20:47,159 --> 01:20:48,159
are you're unhappy about something or
1362
01:20:49,739 --> 01:20:50,739
you want to express a protest you have
1363
01:20:52,500 --> 01:20:53,500
only two choices one is to break the
1364
01:20:55,380 --> 01:20:56,380
relationship and and end up with
1365
01:20:58,199 --> 01:20:59,199
something like a Revolt or a revolution
1366
01:21:00,199 --> 01:21:01,199
or you can express your dissatisfaction
1367
01:21:02,880 --> 01:21:03,880
in indirect ways and the the cinema
1368
01:21:06,239 --> 01:21:07,239
turns out to be an important indirect
1369
01:21:09,179 --> 01:21:10,179
way of expressing
1370
01:21:11,540 --> 01:21:12,540
dissatisfaction with the current state
1371
01:21:14,580 --> 01:21:15,580
of the of the the moral Universe in
1372
01:21:17,219 --> 01:21:18,219
which individuals are involved they
1373
01:21:19,920 --> 01:21:20,920
start with what they don't want you to
1374
01:21:22,020 --> 01:21:23,020
have in your films in at the time of the
1375
01:21:24,000 --> 01:21:25,000
Shah you couldn't talk about the royal
1376
01:21:26,820 --> 01:21:27,820
family you couldn't talk about
1377
01:21:28,760 --> 01:21:29,760
Islam you couldn't talk about armed
1378
01:21:31,320 --> 01:21:32,320
forces and you couldn't talk about the
1379
01:21:32,940 --> 01:21:33,940
Constitution these were the four things
1380
01:21:35,040 --> 01:21:36,040
that you you know they said that you
1381
01:21:37,860 --> 01:21:38,860
should not have in your films there are
1382
01:21:40,140 --> 01:21:41,140
certain things which were taboo that you
1383
01:21:41,880 --> 01:21:42,880
shouldn't touch like for instance the
1384
01:21:44,760 --> 01:21:45,760
critique of regime or critique of shao
1385
01:21:47,159 --> 01:21:48,159
critique of the ministers or the
1386
01:21:48,840 --> 01:21:49,840
critique of whatever critic is it was uh
1387
01:21:51,239 --> 01:21:52,239
completely taboo but once they were
1388
01:21:54,960 --> 01:21:55,960
settled
1389
01:21:56,219 --> 01:21:57,219
and became more powerful they started
1390
01:21:58,620 --> 01:21:59,620
telling you in the last couple of years
1391
01:21:59,880 --> 01:22:00,880
what should be in your film
1392
01:22:02,159 --> 01:22:03,159
they said we don't have a bad doctor all
1393
01:22:04,320 --> 01:22:05,320
doctors are good so you should have a
1394
01:22:05,760 --> 01:22:06,760
good doctor and that's the end of
1395
01:22:07,380 --> 01:22:08,380
creativity for anyone the ideal or the
1396
01:22:11,460 --> 01:22:12,460
desire or the Outlook of a one or two or
1397
01:22:14,820 --> 01:22:15,820
three particular person determines you
1398
01:22:17,880 --> 01:22:18,880
know the the the Destiny or the the
1399
01:22:20,880 --> 01:22:21,880
destiny of the film you know I remember
1400
01:22:23,340 --> 01:22:24,340
once with a friend of mine we went to
1401
01:22:25,800 --> 01:22:26,800
see a prime minister because we set up
1402
01:22:28,560 --> 01:22:29,560
that new film group an organization for
1403
01:22:32,159 --> 01:22:33,159
young filmmakers
1404
01:22:34,800 --> 01:22:35,800
we wanted to get some loan from
1405
01:22:36,719 --> 01:22:37,719
government to make it when we decided to
1406
01:22:39,260 --> 01:22:40,260
to make films
1407
01:22:42,020 --> 01:22:43,020
independently without helping of
1408
01:22:46,500 --> 01:22:47,500
the conventional market and commercial
1409
01:22:48,960 --> 01:22:49,960
producers and he he directly told us
1410
01:22:53,640 --> 01:22:54,640
that if you want money from us you must
1411
01:22:56,580 --> 01:22:57,580
make feel for us
1412
01:22:58,320 --> 01:22:59,320
and the way we we say
1413
01:23:01,020 --> 01:23:02,020
but if you want make things for your
1414
01:23:04,320 --> 01:23:05,320
ideas you have to invest yourself spend
1415
01:23:08,040 --> 01:23:09,040
your father's money or your
1416
01:23:09,960 --> 01:23:10,960
property they controlled everything
1417
01:23:13,920 --> 01:23:14,920
even sometimes by
1418
01:23:16,140 --> 01:23:17,140
investing money they controlled
1419
01:23:18,179 --> 01:23:19,179
filmmaking in Iran to an extent they had
1420
01:23:21,659 --> 01:23:22,659
become clever enough to use us as sort
1421
01:23:24,480 --> 01:23:25,480
of safety valve let us do a political
1422
01:23:27,239 --> 01:23:28,239
film and show it in Tehran and some
1423
01:23:29,760 --> 01:23:30,760
festivals and that was it and the moment
1424
01:23:32,580 --> 01:23:33,580
I realized that we were being used as a
1425
01:23:36,179 --> 01:23:37,179
weapon to keep something safe for
1426
01:23:38,520 --> 01:23:39,520
themselves I stopped doing it that way
1427
01:23:41,580 --> 01:23:42,580
and I just started doing it becoming
1428
01:23:43,380 --> 01:23:44,380
more and more independent but it was
1429
01:23:45,480 --> 01:23:46,480
always antagonistic kind of relationship
1430
01:23:48,179 --> 01:23:49,179
because there were sensors they were
1431
01:23:50,300 --> 01:23:51,300
they were controlling all the valves and
1432
01:23:53,159 --> 01:23:54,159
I just as an artist I did not think that
1433
01:23:55,140 --> 01:23:56,140
they should be doing that the
1434
01:23:57,300 --> 01:23:58,300
relationship between Iranian filmmakers
1435
01:23:59,520 --> 01:24:00,520
and the Iranian government was a highly
1436
01:24:02,100 --> 01:24:03,100
ambiguous relationship and I think what
1437
01:24:05,460 --> 01:24:06,460
it really shows more than anything is
1438
01:24:08,040 --> 01:24:09,040
that the Iranian government itself was
1439
01:24:10,140 --> 01:24:11,140
not monolithic
1440
01:24:11,640 --> 01:24:12,640
on the one hand we had certain areas of
1441
01:24:14,760 --> 01:24:15,760
government that were not interested in
1442
01:24:17,580 --> 01:24:18,580
having political expression be
1443
01:24:19,980 --> 01:24:20,980
especially free or direct
1444
01:24:22,320 --> 01:24:23,320
certainly were not interested in in
1445
01:24:24,780 --> 01:24:25,780
supporting anything which would turn
1446
01:24:27,360 --> 01:24:28,360
back on government and promote criticism
1447
01:24:29,219 --> 01:24:30,219
and yet on the other hand we had other
1448
01:24:31,860 --> 01:24:32,860
areas of government which were
1449
01:24:33,480 --> 01:24:34,480
interested in fostering artistic
1450
01:24:35,400 --> 01:24:36,400
expression should they helped I mean um
1451
01:24:41,760 --> 01:24:42,760
if you are talking about restrictions if
1452
01:24:45,179 --> 01:24:46,179
you are talking about control it doesn't
1453
01:24:47,100 --> 01:24:48,100
mean that they um they they had the
1454
01:24:49,860 --> 01:24:50,860
whole nation in their hands they had to
1455
01:24:54,179 --> 01:24:55,179
they had to do something for for for for
1456
01:24:56,340 --> 01:24:57,340
the country and for the culture of the
1457
01:24:58,380 --> 01:24:59,380
country and sometimes they use all these
1458
01:25:01,140 --> 01:25:02,140
things as a propagandistic well to show
1459
01:25:04,380 --> 01:25:05,380
themselves
1460
01:25:06,000 --> 01:25:07,000
it is a matter of Pride oftentimes for
1461
01:25:09,239 --> 01:25:10,239
uh for governments to support some kind
1462
01:25:12,179 --> 01:25:13,179
of indigenous Cinema Iran I think did
1463
01:25:14,340 --> 01:25:15,340
that um beautifully um
1464
01:25:17,040 --> 01:25:18,040
at least the the period that I know
1465
01:25:19,800 --> 01:25:20,800
about where where much of the funding
1466
01:25:22,860 --> 01:25:23,860
for films came from government sources
1467
01:25:26,940 --> 01:25:27,940
um interestingly
1468
01:25:28,320 --> 01:25:29,320
um many of the films that were made are
1469
01:25:31,679 --> 01:25:32,679
under Government funding
1470
01:25:33,659 --> 01:25:34,659
had within them
1471
01:25:35,940 --> 01:25:36,940
um buried covert what I would read as
1472
01:25:40,340 --> 01:25:41,340
subversive messages
1473
01:25:44,040 --> 01:25:45,040
um but I guess the government sensors
1474
01:25:45,600 --> 01:25:46,600
weren't reading um in the same way that
1475
01:25:47,699 --> 01:25:48,699
I was reading because they were being
1476
01:25:49,320 --> 01:25:50,320
financed by the government and shown by
1477
01:25:51,719 --> 01:25:52,719
the government very often you have films
1478
01:25:54,560 --> 01:25:55,560
that seem
1479
01:25:56,820 --> 01:25:57,820
that seemed to be politically daring
1480
01:26:00,600 --> 01:26:01,600
courageous and then you analyze
1481
01:26:02,280 --> 01:26:03,280
situation you find either they are what
1482
01:26:04,199 --> 01:26:05,199
Carlos Fuentes said is a margin of
1483
01:26:06,659 --> 01:26:07,659
descent you know like 10 like government
1484
01:26:09,179 --> 01:26:10,179
will tolerate this kind of uh every
1485
01:26:12,239 --> 01:26:13,239
regime in the most repressive regime
1486
01:26:13,920 --> 01:26:14,920
will tolerate a certain amount of
1487
01:26:15,440 --> 01:26:16,440
dissent a certain amount of it in film
1488
01:26:18,300 --> 01:26:19,300
anyway certain amount of uh criticism uh
1489
01:26:22,980 --> 01:26:23,980
or else their films made an exiled so to
1490
01:26:25,800 --> 01:26:26,800
speak or underground uh underground
1491
01:26:27,780 --> 01:26:28,780
films are very hard to make it's very
1492
01:26:29,460 --> 01:26:30,460
hard to have the Cinematic equivalent of
1493
01:26:31,920 --> 01:26:32,920
summit thoughts so so I think political
1494
01:26:35,580 --> 01:26:36,580
film nego the filmmaker who wish to say
1495
01:26:37,739 --> 01:26:38,739
something although you you can say I I
1496
01:26:39,900 --> 01:26:40,900
would say that every film is political
1497
01:26:41,460 --> 01:26:42,460
no matter how vacuous or anything if it
1498
01:26:43,920 --> 01:26:44,920
says nothing that is a political
1499
01:26:45,420 --> 01:26:46,420
statement that means that we're not
1500
01:26:47,100 --> 01:26:48,100
going to say anything so everything is
1501
01:26:48,960 --> 01:26:49,960
critical I would say that uh political
1502
01:26:51,239 --> 01:26:52,239
filmmaker has to work with the tightrope
1503
01:26:53,360 --> 01:26:54,360
uh and I think we have to analyze the
1504
01:26:55,980 --> 01:26:56,980
nature of that type here we come back to
1505
01:26:58,260 --> 01:26:59,260
the question of censorship and the the
1506
01:26:59,760 --> 01:27:00,760
political regime that only indirect
1507
01:27:02,219 --> 01:27:03,219
statements can be made
1508
01:27:05,040 --> 01:27:06,040
um anyway and therefore that I suspect
1509
01:27:10,020 --> 01:27:11,020
tended to force an additional recourse
1510
01:27:12,780 --> 01:27:13,780
to symbolic communication
1511
01:27:14,880 --> 01:27:15,880
under a totalitarian regime usually
1512
01:27:19,080 --> 01:27:20,080
it happens
1513
01:27:21,179 --> 01:27:22,179
because
1514
01:27:24,120 --> 01:27:25,120
you haven't the opportunity to talk
1515
01:27:25,920 --> 01:27:26,920
directly
1516
01:27:27,420 --> 01:27:28,420
and you try to find some way to express
1517
01:27:29,400 --> 01:27:30,400
yourself
1518
01:27:31,020 --> 01:27:32,020
and this symbolism is the actually the
1519
01:27:34,380 --> 01:27:35,380
best way
1520
01:27:35,940 --> 01:27:36,940
somehow in Iranian artistic tradition
1521
01:27:39,600 --> 01:27:40,600
things don't have much value
1522
01:27:42,300 --> 01:27:43,300
aesthetically unless they're said in a
1523
01:27:44,639 --> 01:27:45,639
in a highly indirect way
1524
01:27:46,679 --> 01:27:47,679
there's something about the artistic
1525
01:27:49,440 --> 01:27:50,440
tradition in Iran which which makes it
1526
01:27:53,120 --> 01:27:54,120
necessary for the person who is
1527
01:27:55,500 --> 01:27:56,500
approaching some artistic form to do
1528
01:27:58,920 --> 01:27:59,920
some work himself in order to be able to
1529
01:28:02,400 --> 01:28:03,400
discern the meaning what's interesting
1530
01:28:04,739 --> 01:28:05,739
is the level of irony which a filmmaker
1531
01:28:07,800 --> 01:28:08,800
can operate in the level of allegory one
1532
01:28:10,320 --> 01:28:11,320
interesting thing is in Spain the
1533
01:28:12,420 --> 01:28:13,420
Spanish filmmakers during the Franco
1534
01:28:14,159 --> 01:28:15,159
regime developed including Goodwill of
1535
01:28:16,800 --> 01:28:17,800
viridiana developed a very elaborate
1536
01:28:20,000 --> 01:28:21,000
allegorical symbolic subtext I guess
1537
01:28:23,159 --> 01:28:24,159
like the science fiction writers did in
1538
01:28:25,199 --> 01:28:26,199
America during McCarthy era that you
1539
01:28:28,380 --> 01:28:29,380
know one thing represented another and
1540
01:28:30,420 --> 01:28:31,420
so you you had this very elaborate
1541
01:28:32,280 --> 01:28:33,280
subterfuge
1542
01:28:34,040 --> 01:28:35,040
and now some of the day that generation
1543
01:28:36,480 --> 01:28:37,480
filmmakers cannot
1544
01:28:39,480 --> 01:28:40,480
compose it on the other one the worst
1545
01:28:41,820 --> 01:28:42,820
thing that could happen under
1546
01:28:43,620 --> 01:28:44,620
such circumstances is the auto
1547
01:28:46,620 --> 01:28:47,620
censorship
1548
01:28:48,600 --> 01:28:49,600
which happens usually in countries and
1549
01:28:51,840 --> 01:28:52,840
societies ruled by
1550
01:28:55,080 --> 01:28:56,080
totalitarian
1551
01:28:57,300 --> 01:28:58,300
governments
1552
01:28:59,100 --> 01:29:00,100
it's must I mean
1553
01:29:06,840 --> 01:29:07,840
the effect is much greater than to
1554
01:29:09,480 --> 01:29:10,480
control I mean to have a system who
1555
01:29:12,000 --> 01:29:13,000
controls
1556
01:29:14,400 --> 01:29:15,400
in many cases I don't think that
1557
01:29:17,820 --> 01:29:18,820
was necessary to make
1558
01:29:20,100 --> 01:29:21,100
such a heavy fins
1559
01:29:22,620 --> 01:29:23,620
I mean by
1560
01:29:24,120 --> 01:29:25,120
having such a heavy language
1561
01:29:27,420 --> 01:29:28,420
and the nature of making film ideas it's
1562
01:29:30,659 --> 01:29:31,659
making fun for people
1563
01:29:33,060 --> 01:29:34,060
if you make a distance between yourself
1564
01:29:34,620 --> 01:29:35,620
and people why should you make any fear
1565
01:29:38,340 --> 01:29:39,340
most of the films I have seen from Iran
1566
01:29:40,920 --> 01:29:41,920
and I'm sure I haven't seen all of them
1567
01:29:43,380 --> 01:29:44,380
in foreign countries we tend to see the
1568
01:29:45,600 --> 01:29:46,600
the film more of the intelligence here
1569
01:29:47,280 --> 01:29:48,280
we tend to see rather than the films
1570
01:29:49,080 --> 01:29:50,080
that are more on the commercial
1571
01:29:50,100 --> 01:29:51,100
mainstream so we we tend to get some
1572
01:29:52,500 --> 01:29:53,500
distorted view of what a cinema is but
1573
01:29:55,080 --> 01:29:56,080
it it films that are exported usually
1574
01:29:57,960 --> 01:29:58,960
particularly to festivals to Elite
1575
01:30:00,659 --> 01:30:01,659
groups to Art House groups universities
1576
01:30:02,760 --> 01:30:03,760
academic centers tend to uh
1577
01:30:06,719 --> 01:30:07,719
present a problem of the the
1578
01:30:10,620 --> 01:30:11,620
intellectual filmmaker trying to
1579
01:30:13,739 --> 01:30:14,739
communicate with a larger audience from
1580
01:30:16,139 --> 01:30:17,139
which he is somewhat alienated uh
1581
01:30:18,239 --> 01:30:19,239
somewhat separated the the number of
1582
01:30:20,580 --> 01:30:21,580
people who actually view these films was
1583
01:30:22,920 --> 01:30:23,920
was rather small
1584
01:30:24,659 --> 01:30:25,659
however
1585
01:30:26,100 --> 01:30:27,100
for these individuals the fact that that
1586
01:30:30,620 --> 01:30:31,620
political messages and messages of
1587
01:30:33,060 --> 01:30:34,060
protests could be expressed even in a
1588
01:30:35,580 --> 01:30:36,580
veiled way even in an indirect way was
1589
01:30:39,000 --> 01:30:40,000
uh had a very powerful effect on those
1590
01:30:42,420 --> 01:30:43,420
individuals what's interesting to me is
1591
01:30:44,639 --> 01:30:45,639
obviously the the gap between people who
1592
01:30:47,040 --> 01:30:48,040
are making the films and the society
1593
01:30:48,719 --> 01:30:49,719
they're describing
1594
01:30:50,280 --> 01:30:51,280
it's an enormous Gap it's like centuries
1595
01:30:53,820 --> 01:30:54,820
and it's a strange situation if you're
1596
01:30:56,880 --> 01:30:57,880
making a movie in a society in a country
1597
01:31:00,199 --> 01:31:01,199
first you have to know your people what
1598
01:31:02,639 --> 01:31:03,639
kind of people you know in living in
1599
01:31:04,500 --> 01:31:05,500
your country
1600
01:31:05,580 --> 01:31:06,580
there you have people who are you know
1601
01:31:07,560 --> 01:31:08,560
flying in Jets making films with people
1602
01:31:10,080 --> 01:31:11,080
who are going in Ox cards uh it's uh
1603
01:31:13,920 --> 01:31:14,920
it's a centuries difference almost like
1604
01:31:15,900 --> 01:31:16,900
archeology history it's like going so
1605
01:31:18,239 --> 01:31:19,239
far back so far down
1606
01:31:20,400 --> 01:31:21,400
that the distance is just staggering
1607
01:31:23,580 --> 01:31:24,580
that's what I find interesting about
1608
01:31:25,320 --> 01:31:26,320
them how do you cope with that and yet
1609
01:31:27,659 --> 01:31:28,659
you ready they're your people they're
1610
01:31:29,460 --> 01:31:30,460
your roots your your your country your
1611
01:31:32,280 --> 01:31:33,280
blood
1612
01:31:34,500 --> 01:31:35,500
um
1613
01:31:35,820 --> 01:31:36,820
it's such a hard question
1614
01:31:37,620 --> 01:31:38,620
the Iranian Revolution in 1978 and 79
1615
01:31:41,900 --> 01:31:42,900
was largely engineered by people in the
1616
01:31:45,000 --> 01:31:46,000
middle classes
1617
01:31:46,199 --> 01:31:47,199
and I I have no doubt in my mind that
1618
01:31:50,100 --> 01:31:51,100
the the Iranian Cinema in the 10 years
1619
01:31:53,960 --> 01:31:54,960
previous to this contributed to the
1620
01:31:57,540 --> 01:31:58,540
political awareness of uh area of people
1621
01:32:00,540 --> 01:32:01,540
in the middle classes and educated
1622
01:32:02,400 --> 01:32:03,400
classes uh and uh particularly
1623
01:32:05,040 --> 01:32:06,040
University students who formed an
1624
01:32:07,500 --> 01:32:08,500
important aspect of political life in
1625
01:32:10,679 --> 01:32:11,679
Iran in the uh in the late 70s the
1626
01:32:14,219 --> 01:32:15,219
Iranian Revolution that replaced the
1627
01:32:16,380 --> 01:32:17,380
monarchy of the Shah with the milocracy
1628
01:32:18,719 --> 01:32:19,719
of Ayatollah Khomeini brought an end to
1629
01:32:21,719 --> 01:32:22,719
a budding National Cinema that had taken
1630
01:32:24,600 --> 01:32:25,600
firm route despite the censorship and
1631
01:32:27,300 --> 01:32:28,300
repression of the Shah's government
1632
01:32:29,060 --> 01:32:30,060
although the revolution had initially
1633
01:32:31,739 --> 01:32:32,739
brought them a promise of Freedom most
1634
01:32:34,560 --> 01:32:35,560
Iranian filmmakers soon realized that
1635
01:32:37,980 --> 01:32:38,980
they were clearly at odds with leaders
1636
01:32:39,900 --> 01:32:40,900
of the new regime facing the Dilemma of
1637
01:32:43,080 --> 01:32:44,080
either submitting to the regime or
1638
01:32:45,420 --> 01:32:46,420
maintaining their Integrity several
1639
01:32:48,300 --> 01:32:49,300
talented Iranian filmmakers were forced
1640
01:32:51,420 --> 01:32:52,420
to leave the country when the revolution
1641
01:32:53,699 --> 01:32:54,699
happened for a very short period of time
1642
01:32:56,159 --> 01:32:57,159
which is about four and five months
1643
01:32:57,840 --> 01:32:58,840
immediately after the revolution
1644
01:33:00,179 --> 01:33:01,179
Iran was Heaven on this Earth because it
1645
01:33:05,159 --> 01:33:06,159
was absolute freedom for an artist I
1646
01:33:07,440 --> 01:33:08,440
could do anything that I wanted in fact
1647
01:33:09,179 --> 01:33:10,179
I had the script which was called the
1648
01:33:11,159 --> 01:33:12,159
day that the Shah left and all the
1649
01:33:14,040 --> 01:33:15,040
preparation
1650
01:33:15,199 --> 01:33:16,199
was there to start the shooting of the
1651
01:33:18,179 --> 01:33:19,179
of the film
1652
01:33:19,679 --> 01:33:20,679
but all of a sudden I saw that the signs
1653
01:33:23,280 --> 01:33:24,280
of another dictation is starting they
1654
01:33:25,500 --> 01:33:26,500
started
1655
01:33:26,940 --> 01:33:27,940
closing down the newspapers they started
1656
01:33:29,159 --> 01:33:30,159
having another group that going over
1657
01:33:31,320 --> 01:33:32,320
this uh film the scripts are now much
1658
01:33:33,480 --> 01:33:34,480
more hard than it was before and by some
1659
01:33:37,800 --> 01:33:38,800
very strange uh I mean it was this very
1660
01:33:41,520 --> 01:33:42,520
strange feeling that now that I had
1661
01:33:43,679 --> 01:33:44,679
experienced that beautiful five months
1662
01:33:47,639 --> 01:33:48,639
the repression again is so stifling as
1663
01:33:51,060 --> 01:33:52,060
an artist that I just couldn't could not
1664
01:33:52,980 --> 01:33:53,980
understand it why did he leave your
1665
01:33:54,540 --> 01:33:55,540
country
1666
01:33:55,800 --> 01:33:56,800
well because because I lost my
1667
01:33:59,239 --> 01:34:00,239
job I couldn't make any film I couldn't
1668
01:34:02,219 --> 01:34:03,219
open my theater
1669
01:34:05,880 --> 01:34:06,880
so uh
1670
01:34:07,440 --> 01:34:08,440
why should I be there
1671
01:34:09,900 --> 01:34:10,900
but anyway if I would be there I had to
1672
01:34:12,360 --> 01:34:13,360
do something because
1673
01:34:13,980 --> 01:34:14,980
people I was working with them for a
1674
01:34:16,440 --> 01:34:17,440
long time they expected me to work
1675
01:34:19,320 --> 01:34:20,320
even my silence would have some meaning
1676
01:34:22,739 --> 01:34:23,739
that the government wouldn't like it
1677
01:34:25,800 --> 01:34:26,800
and me I have never been directly in
1678
01:34:27,900 --> 01:34:28,900
Iran I have spent my time of most of my
1679
01:34:31,080 --> 01:34:32,080
time in Europe I went to Iran made my
1680
01:34:33,000 --> 01:34:34,000
film and went to Europe
1681
01:34:34,860 --> 01:34:35,860
I'm still in Exile I haven't seen any
1682
01:34:37,679 --> 01:34:38,679
changes
1683
01:34:40,199 --> 01:34:41,199
for an Asian artist is the very very
1684
01:34:42,480 --> 01:34:43,480
difficult thing to immigrate because
1685
01:34:45,360 --> 01:34:46,360
you're transplanting yourself to a
1686
01:34:48,060 --> 01:34:49,060
totally new society and the chances of a
1687
01:34:51,060 --> 01:34:52,060
38 year old tree to be transplanted to a
1688
01:34:53,520 --> 01:34:54,520
new soil and not dying with our
1689
01:34:57,239 --> 01:34:58,239
background and culture is very very
1690
01:34:59,820 --> 01:35:00,820
remote
1691
01:35:01,080 --> 01:35:02,080
so it's not an easy decision
1692
01:35:04,380 --> 01:35:05,380
but a decision that I had to make
1693
01:35:06,480 --> 01:35:07,480
because I also have three children
1694
01:35:09,000 --> 01:35:10,000
and I didn't want them to be brought up
1695
01:35:11,219 --> 01:35:12,219
under the same kind of repressive regime
1696
01:35:13,500 --> 01:35:14,500
and they didn't want to come to this
1697
01:35:15,900 --> 01:35:16,900
world and I owe them at least a better
1698
01:35:18,780 --> 01:35:19,780
life
1699
01:35:19,980 --> 01:35:20,980
and this is why I left I wanted to go
1700
01:35:23,820 --> 01:35:24,820
back I had the intention to go back
1701
01:35:26,820 --> 01:35:27,820
but I then I couldn't you know make
1702
01:35:29,880 --> 01:35:30,880
myself
1703
01:35:30,960 --> 01:35:31,960
to go back to a country
1704
01:35:33,780 --> 01:35:34,780
that
1705
01:35:38,400 --> 01:35:39,400
it's hard to live for people like us
1706
01:35:43,800 --> 01:35:44,800
Our Salon sasani's life in Exile has not
1707
01:35:47,280 --> 01:35:48,280
been easy either he has been earning a
1708
01:35:49,920 --> 01:35:50,920
living by driving a cab in New York City
1709
01:35:53,460 --> 01:35:54,460
what I am doing here maybe it's not only
1710
01:35:55,560 --> 01:35:56,560
because of myself you know because I
1711
01:35:58,380 --> 01:35:59,380
feel I have kind of responsibility to my
1712
01:36:00,900 --> 01:36:01,900
child
1713
01:36:01,739 --> 01:36:02,739
that I still believe that he can have a
1714
01:36:04,260 --> 01:36:05,260
better life here than if you go back in
1715
01:36:06,600 --> 01:36:07,600
Iran
1716
01:36:10,139 --> 01:36:11,139
Harvey syed's life in Exile was not very
1717
01:36:12,960 --> 01:36:13,960
different from arcelon's sasanis in the
1718
01:36:15,239 --> 01:36:16,239
beginning for three years he worked as a
1719
01:36:17,639 --> 01:36:18,639
receptionist at a Columbia
1720
01:36:19,580 --> 01:36:20,580
university-owned building in Manhattan
1721
01:36:22,560 --> 01:36:23,560
then he managed to obtain funds to make
1722
01:36:25,260 --> 01:36:26,260
the mission the first Iranian film to be
1723
01:36:28,560 --> 01:36:29,560
made outside of Iran After the
1724
01:36:30,659 --> 01:36:31,659
revolution
1725
01:36:33,900 --> 01:36:34,900
the film turned out to be a critical
1726
01:36:35,699 --> 01:36:36,699
success and subsequently Sai had moved
1727
01:36:38,460 --> 01:36:39,460
to Los Angeles where he now directs
1728
01:36:40,739 --> 01:36:41,739
stage plays for the Iranian community
1729
01:36:44,760 --> 01:36:45,760
foreign
1730
01:37:19,560 --> 01:37:20,560
foreign
1731
01:37:47,060 --> 01:37:48,060
so much
1732
01:37:52,320 --> 01:37:53,320
foreign
1733
01:38:01,260 --> 01:38:02,260
exile
1734
01:38:05,820 --> 01:38:06,820
miserable
1735
01:38:12,719 --> 01:38:13,719
yeah sometimes it's painful but
1736
01:38:18,060 --> 01:38:19,060
but when you realize the reality
1737
01:38:21,540 --> 01:38:22,540
and the way that it is
1738
01:38:24,480 --> 01:38:25,480
so you just
1739
01:38:27,239 --> 01:38:28,239
you give up
1740
01:38:30,580 --> 01:38:31,580
[Music]
1741
01:38:41,060 --> 01:38:42,060
Marvin the Billy whose film the sealed
1742
01:38:44,400 --> 01:38:45,400
soil was never shown in Iran made the
1743
01:38:47,940 --> 01:38:48,940
night songs her first feature film in
1744
01:38:50,639 --> 01:38:51,639
this country
1745
01:38:53,659 --> 01:38:54,659
too late
1746
01:38:55,380 --> 01:38:56,380
just too late you seeing someone dying
1747
01:38:57,719 --> 01:38:58,719
your community reaction is to get people
1748
01:39:00,060 --> 01:39:01,060
away from away from okay action action
1749
01:39:06,600 --> 01:39:07,600
the film that was financed by PBS's
1750
01:39:09,000 --> 01:39:10,000
American Playhouse is the story of a
1751
01:39:11,460 --> 01:39:12,460
Vietnamese girl who experiences an
1752
01:39:13,620 --> 01:39:14,620
identity crisis in New York's Chinatown
1753
01:39:15,840 --> 01:39:16,840
maybe eventually the Exile thing
1754
01:39:19,020 --> 01:39:20,020
disappears
1755
01:39:21,500 --> 01:39:22,500
[Music]
1756
01:39:23,100 --> 01:39:24,100
the the artist ceases to be an exile
1757
01:39:25,440 --> 01:39:26,440
becomes hyphenated that becomes part of
1758
01:39:29,340 --> 01:39:30,340
have begins to operate away from a
1759
01:39:31,199 --> 01:39:32,199
subculture moves into the mainstream
1760
01:39:33,000 --> 01:39:34,000
culture I don't know
1761
01:39:34,739 --> 01:39:35,739
I don't know what I would say I think he
1762
01:39:36,719 --> 01:39:37,719
has to use his own instincts
1763
01:39:38,580 --> 01:39:39,580
it's very difficult to survive he has my
1764
01:39:40,500 --> 01:39:41,500
sympathy
1765
01:39:41,820 --> 01:39:42,820
I think you know for me if I were to
1766
01:39:43,739 --> 01:39:44,739
finally find myself in another country
1767
01:39:45,360 --> 01:39:46,360
forced to be in another country with a
1768
01:39:47,400 --> 01:39:48,400
different language with people who don't
1769
01:39:49,440 --> 01:39:50,440
have mine I don't know how I'd function
1770
01:39:51,659 --> 01:39:52,659
I don't know what I would do
1771
01:39:53,880 --> 01:39:54,880
I mean I think it's uh it's a nightmare
1772
01:39:56,159 --> 01:39:57,159
situation
1773
01:39:57,160 --> 01:39:58,160
[Music]
1774
01:40:04,980 --> 01:40:05,980
la
1775
01:40:06,560 --> 01:40:07,560
[Music]
1776
01:40:11,760 --> 01:40:12,760
foreign
1777
01:40:14,090 --> 01:40:15,090
[Music]124943
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