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1
00:00:14,498 --> 00:00:16,298
[John F. Kennedy]
We choose to go to the moon.
2
00:00:17,179 --> 00:00:18,778
We choose to go to the moon.
3
00:00:23,219 --> 00:00:27,059
We choose to go to the moon
in this decade and do the other things,
4
00:00:27,418 --> 00:00:30,658
not because they are easy,
but because they are hard.
5
00:01:41,978 --> 00:01:43,258
Look at that.
6
00:01:43,338 --> 00:01:44,298
That's beautiful.
7
00:01:44,379 --> 00:01:47,579
It's gotta be one of the most proud
moments of my life. I guarantee you.
8
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[man] History tells us
that the year 1937
9
00:02:01,458 --> 00:02:03,098
was not a good one for the planet Earth.
10
00:02:03,538 --> 00:02:04,979
Japan invaded China.
11
00:02:05,259 --> 00:02:07,898
In Germany, concentration camps
were already operating.
12
00:02:08,618 --> 00:02:10,818
A bloody civil war
was escalating in Spain.
13
00:02:10,899 --> 00:02:13,779
And in the United States,
President Roosevelt had cause to say
14
00:02:13,858 --> 00:02:17,619
that one-third of his people were
ill-housed, ill-clad and ill-nourished.
15
00:02:18,299 --> 00:02:22,738
And yet, in 1937, Picasso painted
his masterpiece Guernica,
16
00:02:23,138 --> 00:02:25,419
John Steinbeck published
Of Mice and Men,
17
00:02:25,498 --> 00:02:27,459
and the Golden Gate Bridge was opened.
18
00:02:28,019 --> 00:02:31,579
1937, then, was not
the cataclysmic year of the century.
19
00:02:31,658 --> 00:02:36,058
There would be others, including one
when, in the midst of worldwide unrest,
20
00:02:36,138 --> 00:02:38,538
Americans were hoping
to send three human beings
21
00:02:38,618 --> 00:02:41,658
on the very first voyage
from the Earth to the moon.
22
00:02:59,299 --> 00:03:01,339
[man on radio]
Strike leader, radio check.
23
00:03:07,219 --> 00:03:11,779
[helicopters approach then recede]
24
00:03:13,979 --> 00:03:16,579
.4-1-0 presently 1-5-0...
25
00:03:29,218 --> 00:03:30,778
You'll have to move up.
26
00:03:53,179 --> 00:03:56,339
Two hundred and thirty-two GI's killed
and 900 wounded
27
00:03:56,418 --> 00:03:59,418
makes for one of the heaviest weeks
of the Vietnam War.
28
00:03:59,499 --> 00:04:02,858
And it is not a week. it is just over
two days, the past two days.
29
00:04:02,939 --> 00:04:06,058
There are two more alert forces that
are trying to push him out this way,
30
00:04:06,138 --> 00:04:08,458
but he's heavily fortified,
he's got a lot of ammo.
31
00:04:08,539 --> 00:04:11,498
Fire's still coming from the buildings
around a pair of officers' quarters.
32
00:04:11,579 --> 00:04:12,618
[gunfire]
33
00:04:12,698 --> 00:04:15,578
Here we are,
we're right in the center of Saigon.
34
00:04:15,658 --> 00:04:20,538
Uh... In fact, just opposite
the presidential palace.
35
00:04:20,619 --> 00:04:23,978
CIA men and MP's
have gone into the embassy
36
00:04:24,059 --> 00:04:26,338
and are trying to get the snipers out.
37
00:04:26,418 --> 00:04:27,378
[machine guns firing]
38
00:04:31,938 --> 00:04:36,379
There are two more alert forces that
are trying to push him out this way.
39
00:04:36,458 --> 00:04:38,515
- What's he got, small arms?
- Small arms, automatic fire,
40
00:04:38,538 --> 00:04:39,858
grenade launcher, hand grenades.
41
00:04:39,938 --> 00:04:45,338
- Have you lost any men here?
- Five, six people I've had wounded.
42
00:04:45,418 --> 00:04:47,578
[helicopter approaches]
43
00:04:47,658 --> 00:04:48,778
[explosion]
44
00:04:49,819 --> 00:04:55,459
[man] The enemy, very deceitfully,
has taken advantage of the Tet truce
45
00:04:55,538 --> 00:04:58,739
in order to create
maximum consternation...
46
00:04:58,818 --> 00:05:01,458
[Lyndon Johnson]
I'd point out to you the time has come
47
00:05:01,538 --> 00:05:03,458
when we ought to unite,
48
00:05:03,539 --> 00:05:06,139
when we ought to stand up
and be counted,
49
00:05:06,218 --> 00:05:09,179
when we ought to support our leaders,
our government,
50
00:05:09,258 --> 00:05:13,338
our men and our allies
until aggression is stopped.
51
00:05:15,219 --> 00:05:18,779
[reporter] ...has reported 542 US troops
were killed in Vietnam last week,
52
00:05:18,858 --> 00:05:21,698
the second highest
weekly toll of the war.
53
00:05:29,978 --> 00:05:33,299
All right. Let's go.
What assumptions are we making?
54
00:05:33,378 --> 00:05:35,178
That the cabin is pressurized.
55
00:05:35,258 --> 00:05:37,058
So this is an emergency EVAC on the pad?
56
00:05:37,139 --> 00:05:38,098
Yes, Mr. Borman.
57
00:05:38,379 --> 00:05:40,378
- Okay, walk me through it.
- Okay.
58
00:05:40,458 --> 00:05:43,138
Release the lock pins.
Unlatch the gearbox.
59
00:05:43,218 --> 00:05:45,218
Set the actuator handle to "unlock."
60
00:05:45,298 --> 00:05:48,898
Pump the actuator five or six times.
Stow the handle. Open the hatch.
61
00:05:48,978 --> 00:05:51,699
The whole procedure
takes 20 seconds, tops.
62
00:05:52,218 --> 00:05:53,858
Twenty seconds, huh?
63
00:05:54,538 --> 00:05:55,738
Close the hatch, please.
64
00:05:56,219 --> 00:05:57,738
I need a chair.
65
00:05:59,578 --> 00:06:01,019
Let me see if I've got this.
66
00:06:02,458 --> 00:06:04,498
It takes 20 seconds to open this hatch.
67
00:06:05,298 --> 00:06:07,739
That's you standing upright
on the factory floor.
68
00:06:09,298 --> 00:06:11,938
This is me, strapped down
inside the spacecraft.
69
00:06:12,978 --> 00:06:15,218
Everything's upside down,
above me and behind me.
70
00:06:15,498 --> 00:06:18,299
Something goes wrong,
I don't wanna look at a checklist.
71
00:06:18,538 --> 00:06:20,499
I can't wait 20 seconds to EVAC.
72
00:06:20,938 --> 00:06:23,458
Something's gotta open that hatch
in a heartbeat.
73
00:06:24,178 --> 00:06:26,818
We could try
a gaseous nitrogen cartridge.
74
00:06:26,898 --> 00:06:28,738
That could blow the hatch instantly.
75
00:06:30,658 --> 00:06:32,778
Okay, what are we waiting for?
Let's do it.
76
00:06:40,978 --> 00:06:45,498
[man 2] We simply cannot afford
to stop in the midst of a shooting war
77
00:06:45,578 --> 00:06:47,738
and take time out to debate
78
00:06:47,818 --> 00:06:50,738
whether our past actions
were sound or unsound.
79
00:06:50,818 --> 00:06:52,298
[protesters chanting]
80
00:06:52,378 --> 00:06:55,538
[Johnson] I want, more
than any human being in all the world...
81
00:06:57,618 --> 00:06:59,258
to see the killing stopped.
82
00:06:59,338 --> 00:07:01,898
[man 3] To be killed and to kill
83
00:07:01,978 --> 00:07:06,658
in fighting which is not in the interest
of the country you represent
84
00:07:06,738 --> 00:07:08,458
is the ultimate tragedy.
85
00:07:09,179 --> 00:07:11,578
[Martin Luther King]
Save our national honor.
86
00:07:12,178 --> 00:07:15,538
Stop the bombing and stop the war.
87
00:07:18,698 --> 00:07:21,138
[anchorman] It is the biggest rocket
anyone has ever seen,
88
00:07:21,418 --> 00:07:25,178
a behemoth intended to transport men
beyond the influence of the Earth.
89
00:07:25,698 --> 00:07:28,578
Not 1968, but, God willing, next year,
90
00:07:28,858 --> 00:07:32,338
a rocket just like the one
out on pad 39A
91
00:07:32,418 --> 00:07:34,258
will be taking men to the moon.
92
00:07:35,178 --> 00:07:37,938
Today, of course,
it will be taking nobody anywhere.
93
00:07:39,818 --> 00:07:43,658
This unmanned test is simply to see
if the great machine works,
94
00:07:44,178 --> 00:07:45,578
if its engines ignite,
95
00:07:46,338 --> 00:07:49,898
if it goes where it's supposed to
when it is supposed to.
96
00:07:50,578 --> 00:07:53,818
As a veteran of every manned launch
of America's space program,
97
00:07:53,898 --> 00:07:58,018
I can tell you that the mood here
at the Cape is a bit subdued.
98
00:07:58,658 --> 00:08:03,338
But the fireworks display we are
about to see promises to be a good one.
99
00:08:08,498 --> 00:08:11,818
[man on PA] Fifteen, 14, 13...
100
00:08:11,898 --> 00:08:13,698
Ready for ignition and liftoff.
101
00:08:13,779 --> 00:08:16,778
eleven, ten, nine...
102
00:08:16,858 --> 00:08:18,618
Ignition sequence started.
103
00:08:18,698 --> 00:08:24,218
seven, six, five, four, three...
104
00:08:24,298 --> 00:08:26,018
All engines running.
105
00:08:26,098 --> 00:08:28,658
one, liftoff.
106
00:08:32,658 --> 00:08:35,298
- Liftoff.
- I can feel the shock wave in my chest.
107
00:08:35,378 --> 00:08:36,658
The windows are rattling.
108
00:08:37,418 --> 00:08:40,938
Oh, my God! Look at that thing!
Look at that thing go!
109
00:08:41,018 --> 00:08:42,098
[engines roar]
110
00:08:42,178 --> 00:08:43,338
[gunshot]
111
00:08:43,418 --> 00:08:45,538
[reporter 2]
It was confirmed that Martin Luther King
112
00:08:45,618 --> 00:08:48,338
has been shot on the balcony
of a hotel in Memphis.
113
00:08:48,418 --> 00:08:50,298
[King]
It really doesn't matter with me now,
114
00:08:50,858 --> 00:08:52,818
because I've been to the mountaintop.
115
00:08:52,898 --> 00:08:54,618
[cheering]
116
00:08:54,698 --> 00:08:56,058
And I don't mind.
117
00:08:59,498 --> 00:09:04,178
Like anybody, I would
like to live a long life.
118
00:09:04,258 --> 00:09:07,178
Longevity has its place.
119
00:09:10,578 --> 00:09:12,858
But I'm not concerned about that now.
120
00:09:12,938 --> 00:09:14,138
[bell tolls]
121
00:09:14,218 --> 00:09:16,178
I just want to do God's will.
122
00:09:18,018 --> 00:09:22,698
And He has allowed me to go up
to the mountain, and I've looked over...
123
00:09:22,778 --> 00:09:25,818
[reporter 3] Scattered violence broke
out in some sections of the city...
124
00:09:26,738 --> 00:09:29,098
[reporter 4]
Within two hours of Dr. King's death...
125
00:09:29,178 --> 00:09:31,018
[King] I may not get there with you,
126
00:09:31,738 --> 00:09:33,538
but I want you to know tonight,
127
00:09:34,458 --> 00:09:38,418
that we as a people
will get to the Promised Land.
128
00:09:38,498 --> 00:09:39,498
[cheering]
129
00:09:41,018 --> 00:09:44,498
[Robert Kennedy]
Martin Luther King dedicated his life...
130
00:09:46,818 --> 00:09:49,178
to love and to justice
131
00:09:49,738 --> 00:09:51,218
between fellow human beings.
132
00:09:52,258 --> 00:09:56,258
For those of you who are black,
you can be filled with bitterness...
133
00:09:57,898 --> 00:09:59,098
and with hatred,
134
00:09:59,178 --> 00:10:03,258
or we can make an effort
and replace that violence
135
00:10:03,338 --> 00:10:05,218
with an effort to understand...
136
00:10:07,138 --> 00:10:09,778
compassion and love.
137
00:10:13,418 --> 00:10:15,218
[clamor]
138
00:10:15,578 --> 00:10:16,818
Look out for the gun!
139
00:10:17,458 --> 00:10:19,178
- [whistle blows]
- [people shouting]
140
00:10:19,258 --> 00:10:21,338
A doctor! A doctor!
141
00:10:29,778 --> 00:10:31,498
[boy 1 ]
So who do you think's gonna win?
142
00:10:32,578 --> 00:10:34,898
[boy 2]
McCarthy. He'll definitely take Chicago.
143
00:10:35,177 --> 00:10:38,938
[boy 1 ] What, are you crazy? The guy
hasn't won in two or three weeks.
144
00:10:39,017 --> 00:10:40,818
[boy 2]
So who do you think's gonna win?
145
00:10:40,898 --> 00:10:43,458
[boy 1 ] Definitely Kennedy.
He's definitely taking the nomination.
146
00:10:43,538 --> 00:10:46,298
Are you kidding?
Bobby Kennedy lost the Oregon primary.
147
00:10:46,378 --> 00:10:49,418
- So?
- So no Kennedy's lost anything before.
148
00:10:49,498 --> 00:10:52,578
And if he lost last night in California,
then he can lose in Chicago too.
149
00:10:52,658 --> 00:10:53,697
Can I have the paper, Mom?
150
00:10:53,778 --> 00:10:55,858
He was leading
when I went to bed last night.
151
00:10:55,938 --> 00:10:58,698
There's no way the Democrats
won't nominate a Kennedy.
152
00:10:59,018 --> 00:11:01,618
It's gonna be Kennedy and Nixon
all over again.
153
00:11:05,258 --> 00:11:06,658
How much did he win by?
154
00:11:08,178 --> 00:11:09,338
Mom.
155
00:11:13,658 --> 00:11:14,817
Oh, my Lord.
156
00:11:25,178 --> 00:11:26,178
Frank Borman.
157
00:11:26,258 --> 00:11:29,298
- [woman] Frank, did you hear the news?
-Susan?
158
00:11:29,378 --> 00:11:31,338
- They shot Kennedy.
- What?
159
00:11:31,417 --> 00:11:34,738
Bobby Kennedy, he was shot last night
at the Ambassador Hotel in LA.
160
00:11:35,458 --> 00:11:37,098
Oh, no. My God.
161
00:11:38,658 --> 00:11:42,178
- Uh... Who did it?
- I don't know. They arrested somebody.
162
00:11:42,578 --> 00:11:44,178
He had so many children, Frank.
163
00:11:44,258 --> 00:11:46,258
What is going wrong this year?
What is happening?
164
00:11:46,338 --> 00:11:47,818
- Susan...
- He should've never run.
165
00:11:47,898 --> 00:11:49,538
He should've known
somebody would do this.
166
00:11:49,618 --> 00:11:52,266
- I'm sure he was aware of the risks.
- Someone should've stopped him.
167
00:11:52,338 --> 00:11:54,138
His wife, his mother, his brother,
somebody.
168
00:11:54,218 --> 00:11:55,738
Look, I can't talk right now.
169
00:11:55,817 --> 00:11:57,737
Let's try and talk again tonight.
170
00:11:57,818 --> 00:12:00,081
I'll call you as soon
as I get back to the hotel, all right?
171
00:12:01,738 --> 00:12:03,058
- All right.
- Bye.
172
00:12:03,138 --> 00:12:04,098
[line clicks]
173
00:12:04,978 --> 00:12:06,058
Bye.
174
00:12:13,178 --> 00:12:16,138
[man 4] May the angels
take you into paradise,
175
00:12:16,858 --> 00:12:20,898
may the martyrs come
to welcome you on your way
176
00:12:20,978 --> 00:12:24,978
and lead you into the holy city,
Jerusalem.
177
00:12:25,058 --> 00:12:26,378
[bell tolls]
178
00:12:28,258 --> 00:12:30,338
[Edward Kennedy]
My brother need not be idealized
179
00:12:31,217 --> 00:12:34,338
or enlarged in death
beyond what he was in life.
180
00:12:35,378 --> 00:12:37,898
Be remembered simply
as a good and decent man...
181
00:12:39,577 --> 00:12:41,658
who saw wrong and tried to right it...
182
00:12:42,898 --> 00:12:44,978
saw suffering and tried to heal it...
183
00:12:45,938 --> 00:12:48,418
saw war and tried to stop it.
184
00:12:50,178 --> 00:12:51,578
Those of us who loved him...
185
00:12:52,538 --> 00:12:54,657
and who take him to his rest today,
186
00:12:55,458 --> 00:12:57,458
pray that what he was to us...
187
00:12:58,418 --> 00:12:59,898
what he wished for others,
188
00:13:00,498 --> 00:13:02,738
will someday come to pass
for all the world.
189
00:13:04,137 --> 00:13:05,578
As he said many times
190
00:13:06,418 --> 00:13:08,097
in many parts of this nation...
191
00:13:09,057 --> 00:13:12,418
"Some men see things
as they are and say, 'Why?'
192
00:13:13,298 --> 00:13:16,617
I dream things that never were
and say, 'Why not?"'
193
00:13:16,698 --> 00:13:18,218
[anchorman] For the third straight day,
194
00:13:18,298 --> 00:13:22,298
American jets have attacked targets near
Hanoi and Haiphong in North Vietnam.
195
00:13:22,377 --> 00:13:25,738
The US is now dropping a daily average
of 3, 000 pounds...
196
00:13:31,017 --> 00:13:32,777
This is what we think is their rocket.
197
00:13:33,737 --> 00:13:35,778
They began rolling it out
about three days ago.
198
00:13:35,858 --> 00:13:37,298
It's probably on the pad by now.
199
00:13:37,378 --> 00:13:40,698
Completely new designs.
Not Vostok or Voskhod.
200
00:13:40,778 --> 00:13:41,818
Uh-uh.
201
00:13:41,898 --> 00:13:44,058
Russians have never built
a launch vehicle this large.
202
00:13:44,138 --> 00:13:47,337
It's four stages
in a clustered engine configuration.
203
00:13:47,818 --> 00:13:49,698
Multiple engines in multiple stages.
204
00:13:49,778 --> 00:13:53,338
They'll have to test it,
which means they've built more than one.
205
00:13:55,137 --> 00:13:57,617
Any information how fast
they can get the next one up?
206
00:13:57,698 --> 00:14:00,298
If they're actually attempting
a flight to the moon,
207
00:14:00,777 --> 00:14:02,778
they'll have a window in early October.
208
00:14:03,058 --> 00:14:04,457
Eight, maybe nine weeks?
209
00:14:05,177 --> 00:14:06,298
Exactly.
210
00:14:10,217 --> 00:14:13,298
MIT and Raytheon are fighting
over the LEM computer system.
211
00:14:13,817 --> 00:14:16,817
It has over a hundred defects in it.
It's still too heavy.
212
00:14:16,898 --> 00:14:20,738
It won't be ready to fly at least until
early spring, and even that's a maybe.
213
00:14:21,098 --> 00:14:22,857
- So we don't take it.
- What?
214
00:14:24,178 --> 00:14:26,458
Leave the LEM here.
Fly to the moon without it.
215
00:14:27,218 --> 00:14:28,698
There's a launch window in December.
216
00:14:29,378 --> 00:14:32,098
Bypass the whole E mission
with the LEM in high Earth orbit.
217
00:14:32,177 --> 00:14:34,898
Take only the command and the
service module all the way to the moon.
218
00:14:35,498 --> 00:14:38,018
And back before the new year.
219
00:14:39,538 --> 00:14:44,058
In one Hail Mary pass, we'd accomplish
so many mission objectives that...
220
00:14:44,537 --> 00:14:45,538
[laughs]
221
00:14:48,018 --> 00:14:50,338
Tom Paine's gonna think
we've lost our minds.
222
00:14:51,018 --> 00:14:52,138
I see the logic of it.
223
00:14:52,217 --> 00:14:55,698
If the Soviets fly around the moon
first, they've done it, we lose.
224
00:14:56,898 --> 00:14:58,538
Still, no easy task.
225
00:15:00,017 --> 00:15:01,458
Well, this is the proposition.
226
00:15:02,337 --> 00:15:04,098
Swap missions with Jim McDivitt.
227
00:15:04,498 --> 00:15:08,257
He, Rusty and Dave test-fly the LEM
in Earth orbit when it's finally ready,
228
00:15:08,777 --> 00:15:12,738
and your crew takes spacecraft 103
into lunar orbit in December.
229
00:15:14,417 --> 00:15:17,017
That sound like something
you'd be willing to do?
230
00:15:18,898 --> 00:15:20,138
Absolutely.
231
00:15:21,058 --> 00:15:24,378
It's important for the program
and it's important for the country.
232
00:15:25,698 --> 00:15:29,178
I wouldn't take this mission if I didn't
have every confidence in its success.
233
00:15:29,257 --> 00:15:31,559
[boy] Wow. So, you'll be flying around
the moon at Christmas?
234
00:15:32,018 --> 00:15:34,778
- That sounds cool.
- Yeah. Can I go with you?
235
00:15:35,338 --> 00:15:36,657
Uh... Maybe next time.
236
00:15:41,138 --> 00:15:43,978
Now... give me a moment alone here
with your mother.
237
00:15:44,337 --> 00:15:45,417
[boy] Yes, sir.
238
00:15:55,697 --> 00:15:57,337
There you have it. All right?
239
00:15:58,057 --> 00:16:00,657
Frank, of course.
[laughs] This is your career.
240
00:16:00,978 --> 00:16:02,017
It's your decision.
241
00:16:02,458 --> 00:16:04,858
It's always been that way,
so, all right.
242
00:16:07,178 --> 00:16:09,417
I'd turn down the flight
if I didn't have every confidence.
243
00:16:09,498 --> 00:16:10,298
Yes, I know.
244
00:16:10,377 --> 00:16:13,257
Every confidence in the spacecraft
and the flight plan and the training.
245
00:16:13,338 --> 00:16:14,298
You're a pilot, Frank.
246
00:16:14,377 --> 00:16:16,017
You'd never turn down
a mission like this.
247
00:16:16,098 --> 00:16:17,657
You always have every confidence.
248
00:16:21,978 --> 00:16:23,778
I just want you to come home.
249
00:16:27,218 --> 00:16:29,057
Hey, you know our deal.
250
00:16:30,498 --> 00:16:32,818
You worry about the custard,
I'll worry about the flying.
251
00:16:35,818 --> 00:16:39,017
All right, let's not go off half-cocked
on this. Once more around the table.
252
00:16:39,098 --> 00:16:41,058
All right, not long ago,
you all were debating
253
00:16:41,138 --> 00:16:43,938
if it was safe
to put men on top of the Saturn V.
254
00:16:44,618 --> 00:16:48,377
Pardon my playing devil's advocate,
but what changed everybody's minds?
255
00:16:49,018 --> 00:16:51,858
Why the sudden faith
that Apollo 8 will fly to the moon
256
00:16:52,138 --> 00:16:54,058
in less than five months from now?
257
00:16:54,137 --> 00:16:54,977
Wernher?
258
00:16:55,058 --> 00:16:58,738
Well, the next Saturn V booster
will show the results of all the tests.
259
00:16:58,817 --> 00:17:01,858
Once we decide to man it,
it does not matter how far it goes.
260
00:17:01,937 --> 00:17:02,937
It will get there.
261
00:17:03,017 --> 00:17:06,497
Get where? We have no plans,
no priorities, no mission rules.
262
00:17:06,578 --> 00:17:09,497
There's no software yet.
We can't even simulate it.
263
00:17:09,578 --> 00:17:12,897
That may be true, but when it comes
to the rocket, I have no reservations.
264
00:17:12,978 --> 00:17:14,218
No reservations here either.
265
00:17:14,297 --> 00:17:16,658
It'll be tight, but we'll be ready
to launch in December.
266
00:17:16,737 --> 00:17:19,018
This is all assuming that Apollo 7
is a success.
267
00:17:19,097 --> 00:17:21,218
If we're gonna send a crew
to the moon without the LEM,
268
00:17:21,297 --> 00:17:23,097
it means we only have one engine.
269
00:17:23,177 --> 00:17:24,297
There's no backup.
270
00:17:24,378 --> 00:17:27,737
If the SPS goes bust,
there's no way home, folks.
271
00:17:27,818 --> 00:17:29,698
Come on, Chris.
That's a worst-case scenario.
272
00:17:30,378 --> 00:17:32,817
We can make sure the flight plan
has several decision points...
273
00:17:32,898 --> 00:17:34,737
Go or no-gos
that will minimize the risks.
274
00:17:34,818 --> 00:17:35,898
It may sound strange,
275
00:17:35,977 --> 00:17:39,018
but in many ways, this is
the least risky of any Apollo flight.
276
00:17:39,097 --> 00:17:39,937
Least risky?
277
00:17:40,018 --> 00:17:43,097
We're talking about putting
three astronauts in one spacecraft
278
00:17:43,178 --> 00:17:45,017
with only the SPS to get them back home.
279
00:17:45,098 --> 00:17:46,978
That's the risk
with any lunar mission, Chris.
280
00:17:47,057 --> 00:17:49,315
But if we're gonna land on the moon
by the end of next year,
281
00:17:49,338 --> 00:17:51,017
we have to know if we can get there now.
282
00:17:51,098 --> 00:17:55,297
I appreciate your concerns, but also,
I'd like this to be unanimous, Chris.
283
00:17:58,498 --> 00:17:59,937
[sighs]
284
00:18:00,418 --> 00:18:02,258
Okay, let's go. Let's do it.
285
00:18:02,338 --> 00:18:03,977
If we're gonna send these boys
to the moon,
286
00:18:04,057 --> 00:18:07,178
let's not just make a circumlunar flight
to beat the Soviets.
287
00:18:07,257 --> 00:18:09,697
We have to stay in lunar orbit
for a while.
288
00:18:10,217 --> 00:18:12,697
There's a lot to be done if we're
gonna make a landing next year.
289
00:18:13,137 --> 00:18:14,178
Okay.
290
00:18:14,777 --> 00:18:19,057
Jesus, if word gets out we're planning
to go to the moon for Christmas,
291
00:18:19,498 --> 00:18:20,498
people will go nuts.
292
00:18:20,578 --> 00:18:23,058
Up against the wall, motherfucker!
293
00:18:23,137 --> 00:18:24,537
[crowd shouts]
294
00:19:21,857 --> 00:19:23,337
[news theme music]
295
00:19:23,897 --> 00:19:26,018
Good evening, this is the world.
296
00:19:26,817 --> 00:19:28,537
The Soviet news agency, TASS,
297
00:19:28,618 --> 00:19:30,777
announced the recovery of the Zond 5,
298
00:19:30,857 --> 00:19:33,617
an unmanned spacecraft
that landed in the Indian Ocean
299
00:19:33,698 --> 00:19:35,817
three days after circumnavigating
the moon.
300
00:19:35,898 --> 00:19:40,377
The first to send an unmanned spacecraft
around the moon and return it to Earth.
301
00:19:40,457 --> 00:19:43,817
The recent success
of Apollo 7's shakedown flight
302
00:19:43,897 --> 00:19:45,457
has turned this command module
303
00:19:45,537 --> 00:19:47,937
from a space capsule into a moon ship.
304
00:19:48,017 --> 00:19:51,977
Russians do feel that Zond 5 prepared
them for a manned orbit of the moon.
305
00:19:52,297 --> 00:19:53,858
They could go as early as next Tues...
306
00:19:53,937 --> 00:19:57,337
Russian technology is the
dress rehearsal for a team cosmonauts...
307
00:19:57,418 --> 00:20:00,137
[man] Frank Borman, Jim Lovell
and William Anders
308
00:20:00,217 --> 00:20:01,538
are on the verge of making...
309
00:20:01,617 --> 00:20:03,977
an historic flight in late December.
310
00:20:04,457 --> 00:20:05,777
This is a NASA bombshell,
311
00:20:06,338 --> 00:20:09,417
an electrifying announcement that,
while only made today,
312
00:20:09,498 --> 00:20:12,857
has obviously been in the planning
stages for quite some time.
313
00:20:12,938 --> 00:20:16,577
The American spacecraft will not merely
go round the moon and return,
314
00:20:17,058 --> 00:20:19,417
but rather, using a series of maneuvers,
315
00:20:19,857 --> 00:20:23,257
the crew will park themselves
in lunar orbit for a day.
316
00:20:23,817 --> 00:20:25,337
Ten orbits around the moon,
317
00:20:25,737 --> 00:20:29,617
enough time to map out possible
landing sites and approach vectors
318
00:20:29,697 --> 00:20:31,298
for future Apollo missions
319
00:20:31,697 --> 00:20:35,537
before firing their single,
massive engine to return home.
320
00:20:36,017 --> 00:20:37,177
- Apollo 8...
- Apollo 8...
321
00:20:37,257 --> 00:20:41,777
Apollo 8, three men in one craft
traveling over half a million miles.
322
00:20:41,858 --> 00:20:43,577
The challenge is daunting.
323
00:20:43,658 --> 00:20:45,298
God willing, an achievement
324
00:20:45,377 --> 00:20:48,458
that will equal those of Columbus,
Magellan, Lindbergh and...
325
00:20:48,537 --> 00:20:50,577
Richard Nixon!
326
00:20:50,658 --> 00:20:52,578
[applause]
327
00:20:52,657 --> 00:20:54,498
[Nixon]
This will be an open administration.
328
00:20:54,937 --> 00:20:56,217
Open to new ideas.
329
00:20:56,937 --> 00:20:58,898
Open to men and women of both parties.
330
00:20:59,537 --> 00:21:02,018
Open to the critics
as well as those who support us.
331
00:21:02,097 --> 00:21:03,897
We want to bridge the generation gap.
332
00:21:03,977 --> 00:21:06,937
We want to bridge the gap
between the races.
333
00:21:07,177 --> 00:21:12,338
We want to bring America together,
and I am confident that this task
334
00:21:12,657 --> 00:21:16,617
is one that we can undertake
and one in which we will be successful.
335
00:21:54,817 --> 00:21:57,217
[man on radio] CDR, STC.We're good down here.
336
00:21:57,657 --> 00:21:58,777
You guys all set?
337
00:21:59,257 --> 00:22:00,338
Go.
338
00:22:05,138 --> 00:22:06,097
[knocking]
339
00:22:06,498 --> 00:22:07,617
[man] Mrs. Borman?
340
00:22:08,777 --> 00:22:09,737
[gasps]
341
00:22:11,337 --> 00:22:12,737
Mrs. Borman?
342
00:22:13,657 --> 00:22:14,777
I'll be right there.
343
00:22:23,857 --> 00:22:24,897
And here I am.
344
00:22:24,977 --> 00:22:26,777
Great. All right,
the camera crew is all set.
345
00:22:26,857 --> 00:22:29,097
They promised not to turn this
into an interview.
346
00:22:29,177 --> 00:22:30,057
Believe me, they won't.
347
00:22:30,137 --> 00:22:31,977
They want to film your reaction
to the launch.
348
00:22:32,057 --> 00:22:34,035
If they start asking questions,
all you have to do...
349
00:22:34,058 --> 00:22:36,258
I've discussed this with Frank,
and I know what to do.
350
00:22:37,218 --> 00:22:38,178
Yes, ma'am.
351
00:22:39,657 --> 00:22:41,377
[people chattering]
352
00:22:47,937 --> 00:22:50,617
Thirty-five seconds and counting,
we'll lead up to a minute.
353
00:22:50,697 --> 00:22:53,577
Mission sequence start at 3.9 seconds...
354
00:22:53,657 --> 00:22:55,537
Would anybody like some more coffee?
355
00:22:56,737 --> 00:22:58,497
- Okay.
- if all goes well at zero.
356
00:22:58,577 --> 00:23:01,218
We've just passed
the 25-second mark in the count.
357
00:23:02,137 --> 00:23:05,777
Twenty seconds. All aspects,
we are still go at this time.
358
00:23:06,817 --> 00:23:09,657
T-minus 15, 14, 13,
359
00:23:09,737 --> 00:23:13,337
12, 1 1, ten, nine...
360
00:23:14,137 --> 00:23:17,417
We have ignition sequence armed.
The engines are armed.
361
00:23:17,777 --> 00:23:21,177
Four, three, two, one.
362
00:23:21,257 --> 00:23:22,417
[explosion]
363
00:23:25,737 --> 00:23:29,297
[Johnson] I want, more than
any human being in all the world...
364
00:23:30,978 --> 00:23:32,937
to see the killing stopped.
365
00:23:33,617 --> 00:23:38,617
They must move on or be destroyed.
How long...
366
00:23:38,697 --> 00:23:40,977
[reporter] Sixty-two Americans
were killed in action...
367
00:23:41,937 --> 00:23:43,738
[George Wallace]
When I become the president,
368
00:23:43,817 --> 00:23:45,537
I'll give you a passport to Hanoi,
369
00:23:45,617 --> 00:23:48,017
and you go to Hanoi
or you go to Moscow.
370
00:23:49,337 --> 00:23:51,234
[Robert Kennedy]
I am announcing today my candidacy...
371
00:23:51,257 --> 00:23:53,497
[man] We take him to his rest today.
372
00:23:54,057 --> 00:23:58,337
[King] Mine eyes have seen the glory
of the coming of the Lord!
373
00:24:00,577 --> 00:24:02,497
[man on radio]
Looking good at two minutes.
374
00:24:02,577 --> 00:24:05,138
All engines running
at ten miles altitude.
375
00:24:05,657 --> 00:24:07,257
Sixty miles downrange.
376
00:24:07,857 --> 00:24:09,177
Roger, Houston.
377
00:24:31,217 --> 00:24:32,937
S-ll ignition, Houston.
378
00:24:33,658 --> 00:24:34,817
Roger that, 8.
379
00:24:35,177 --> 00:24:39,737
Trajectory and guidance
is looking good at three minutes.
380
00:24:39,817 --> 00:24:41,577
Thank you, Houston. Apollo 8 is go.
381
00:24:42,737 --> 00:24:45,617
First stage was very smooth.
This one's smoother.
382
00:24:45,697 --> 00:24:47,577
Understand. Smooth and smoother.
383
00:24:48,137 --> 00:24:49,417
Looks good here, guys.
384
00:24:49,777 --> 00:24:52,137
"Smooth and smoother?"
Who are you kidding?
385
00:24:52,217 --> 00:24:54,817
Jeez, that felt like we'd been
in a train wreck.
386
00:24:55,737 --> 00:24:56,817
Kick in the pants, huh?
387
00:24:56,897 --> 00:24:58,057
[chuckling]
388
00:25:03,857 --> 00:25:06,737
Predicted cutoff is 11 plus 28. Over.
389
00:25:07,337 --> 00:25:09,577
Understand. Eleven plus 28.
390
00:25:20,657 --> 00:25:25,457
Secondary glycol pump: off.
Cabin air pressure return valve: on.
391
00:25:26,857 --> 00:25:28,137
Cabin pressure, Bill?
392
00:25:36,857 --> 00:25:39,034
I don't want you looking out
the window. We got work to do.
393
00:25:39,057 --> 00:25:41,417
- Let's see to the checklist.
- Right.
394
00:25:41,817 --> 00:25:43,977
Cabin pressure is 5.2 psi.
395
00:25:44,057 --> 00:25:45,417
[inflating]
396
00:25:46,937 --> 00:25:50,657
Aw, shoot! I must've
caught it on the couch.
397
00:25:50,737 --> 00:25:51,977
You sure won't drown now.
398
00:25:52,057 --> 00:25:54,177
You can't deflate that in the cabin.
It's all CO2.
399
00:25:54,257 --> 00:25:55,657
It'll use up our air scrubbers.
400
00:25:56,017 --> 00:26:00,137
Well, maybe I can rig it up
to the urine dump.
401
00:26:00,217 --> 00:26:01,457
Yeah, do that.
402
00:26:02,977 --> 00:26:05,777
- Navy man.
- Navy man.
403
00:26:14,137 --> 00:26:15,937
- FIDO, Flight.
- Go, Flight.
404
00:26:16,177 --> 00:26:17,737
Are you happy with the maneuver?
405
00:26:17,817 --> 00:26:20,257
Yes, Flight. We're getting
just what we wanted to see.
406
00:26:20,337 --> 00:26:24,817
All flight controllers, I want go, no-go
for a translunar injection burn.
407
00:26:24,897 --> 00:26:26,297
- Retro.
- Go, Flight.
408
00:26:26,377 --> 00:26:27,537
- Control.
- Go.
409
00:26:27,617 --> 00:26:28,617
- Guidance.
- We're go.
410
00:26:28,697 --> 00:26:29,656
- INCO.
- Go, Flight.
411
00:26:29,697 --> 00:26:31,257
- EECOM.
- We're a go, Flight.
412
00:26:31,337 --> 00:26:32,577
- GNC.
- Go, Flight.
413
00:26:32,657 --> 00:26:33,977
- FAO.
- We're go, Flight.
414
00:26:34,057 --> 00:26:35,337
- Network.
- Network go.
415
00:26:35,417 --> 00:26:36,857
- Surgeon.
- Go, Flight.
416
00:26:36,937 --> 00:26:39,497
CAPCOM, we are go
for translunar injection.
417
00:26:42,697 --> 00:26:46,137
Apollo 8, Houston. You are go for TLI.
418
00:26:47,937 --> 00:26:49,457
You are go for the moon.
419
00:26:50,337 --> 00:26:52,857
Roger, Houston. Apollo 8 is go.
420
00:27:36,977 --> 00:27:41,177
[man on recording]
♪ Chestnuts roasting on an open fire
421
00:27:43,497 --> 00:27:47,497
- [humming]
- ♪ Jack Frost nipping at your nose
422
00:27:50,417 --> 00:27:55,136
♪ Yuletide carols
Being sung by a choir
423
00:27:55,457 --> 00:27:57,097
Jim, what are you doing?
424
00:27:58,417 --> 00:27:59,977
Trying to figure out
where we are, Frank.
425
00:28:02,017 --> 00:28:04,937
Okay, Antares,
I have you right where I want you.
426
00:28:09,137 --> 00:28:12,297
Are we clear of that debris
from the S-IVB?
427
00:28:12,377 --> 00:28:15,337
Yeah. I just gotta identify Sirius
428
00:28:15,777 --> 00:28:17,896
and get our optical calibration.
429
00:28:28,897 --> 00:28:30,057
- How's it going?
- Oh...
430
00:28:30,137 --> 00:28:32,217
Well, Buzz has my eye patch.
431
00:28:34,457 --> 00:28:39,377
Okay. Let's see. What's my score?
432
00:28:41,417 --> 00:28:44,297
What do you know, sports fans?
Five balls.
433
00:28:44,376 --> 00:28:45,697
[whistles] Nice work, Jim.
434
00:28:45,777 --> 00:28:47,977
Uh, thanks, Mike. I do my best.
435
00:28:48,057 --> 00:28:50,416
I've just been informed
that your accuracy at navigation
436
00:28:50,497 --> 00:28:52,697
has reached the theoretical limits
of the system.
437
00:28:52,777 --> 00:28:54,777
Well, that's very flattering, Mike.
438
00:28:54,857 --> 00:28:57,497
Best guess is that you
must be cheating somehow.
439
00:28:58,017 --> 00:28:59,537
Mike, you caught me.
440
00:28:59,617 --> 00:29:02,217
I came up here by myself
last week to practice.
441
00:29:02,297 --> 00:29:04,377
Well, we knew there had to be
an explanation.
442
00:29:07,857 --> 00:29:10,976
- I nailed it. That new system is...
- [retches]
443
00:29:11,577 --> 00:29:13,017
[groaning]
444
00:29:17,657 --> 00:29:18,977
- [retches]
- Oh, man.
445
00:29:22,977 --> 00:29:24,296
There you go, Frank.
446
00:29:26,056 --> 00:29:27,417
[groaning]
447
00:29:27,497 --> 00:29:28,536
[retching]
448
00:29:31,416 --> 00:29:34,497
Hey, those are supposed
to be for emergencies.
449
00:29:37,537 --> 00:29:38,937
[Borman groans]
450
00:29:39,776 --> 00:29:40,937
Never mind.
451
00:29:41,416 --> 00:29:43,777
Apollo 8, this is Houston. Do you copy?
452
00:29:45,297 --> 00:29:47,897
Houston,
we had a little food spill here.
453
00:29:47,977 --> 00:29:50,177
And we're gonna need
a few minutes to do some clean-up.
454
00:29:50,657 --> 00:29:51,976
Roger that, Apollo 8.
455
00:29:55,217 --> 00:29:56,417
Frank?
456
00:30:01,497 --> 00:30:03,776
- Frank, do you want me to tell them?
- No.
457
00:30:03,857 --> 00:30:05,416
Well, I think we have to.
458
00:30:05,817 --> 00:30:09,217
I don't want the whole world to know
I've got the damn 24-hour flu.
459
00:30:12,217 --> 00:30:14,937
We could put a message in the tape dump.
460
00:30:15,417 --> 00:30:18,377
It might take them a little longer
to listen to it, but...
461
00:30:18,897 --> 00:30:20,936
- it'd be more private.
- Yeah. Okay.
462
00:30:22,057 --> 00:30:23,377
[Lovell] Good idea, Bill.
463
00:30:25,736 --> 00:30:28,177
Number one window is clean
but has some lint on it.
464
00:30:28,257 --> 00:30:29,868
Hey, Jimmy, this is no time
to be listening
465
00:30:29,937 --> 00:30:31,657
to a "how to speak French" tape.
466
00:30:32,176 --> 00:30:34,457
I wish. It's the tape dump.
467
00:30:36,657 --> 00:30:37,697
One other thing.
468
00:30:38,216 --> 00:30:39,976
Frank's had some vomiting.
469
00:30:40,936 --> 00:30:45,137
He's resting now, but he had
some queasiness about 30 minutes ago.
470
00:30:46,976 --> 00:30:48,137
Flight, EECOM.
471
00:30:48,577 --> 00:30:50,696
- Go, EECOM.
- We've got a...
472
00:30:54,297 --> 00:30:57,976
It can't be the flu. The crew was
inoculated against it before launch.
473
00:30:58,057 --> 00:31:00,576
We don't want a sick crew
going into lunar orbit.
474
00:31:00,657 --> 00:31:02,896
Borman took one Seconal
for his last sleep period.
475
00:31:02,977 --> 00:31:04,497
Maybe it's a reaction to that.
476
00:31:04,577 --> 00:31:07,377
- What'd he eat last?
- His last meal was day two, meal C.
477
00:31:07,457 --> 00:31:09,216
Beef stew with peas and gravy,
corn niblets,
478
00:31:09,297 --> 00:31:11,777
two cubes whole wheat bread,
tea, chocolate pudding.
479
00:31:12,257 --> 00:31:15,017
If we have contaminated food,
we have a serious problem.
480
00:31:15,096 --> 00:31:17,777
Look, we aren't gonna abort the mission
because of some bad pudding.
481
00:31:17,856 --> 00:31:19,429
Let's just wait and see
if he gets better.
482
00:31:19,496 --> 00:31:21,296
It's not just the vomiting
that worries me.
483
00:31:21,377 --> 00:31:25,177
If Borman has diarrhea, that could
very quickly lead to dehydration.
484
00:31:25,256 --> 00:31:27,537
Frank'll kill us
if we bring him back now.
485
00:31:28,016 --> 00:31:29,137
They're on a free-return.
486
00:31:29,216 --> 00:31:31,497
We can make a decision
well before lunar orbit insertion.
487
00:31:31,576 --> 00:31:33,937
If he's still upchucking then,
we'll know what to do.
488
00:31:34,456 --> 00:31:37,417
Quarter-million miles into outer space,
diarrhea's nothing to sneeze at.
489
00:31:38,576 --> 00:31:39,857
I know.
490
00:31:42,457 --> 00:31:44,377
Man, it's gotta smell bad up there.
491
00:31:45,897 --> 00:31:50,417
[man] ♪ Cream-colored ponies
And crisp apple strudels
492
00:31:50,496 --> 00:31:52,617
♪ Doorbells and sleigh bells
493
00:31:52,696 --> 00:31:55,617
♪ And schnitzels with noodles
494
00:31:55,976 --> 00:32:00,656
♪ Wild geese that fly
With the moon on their wings
495
00:32:01,017 --> 00:32:04,776
♪ These are a few
Of my favorite things
496
00:32:05,296 --> 00:32:09,457
I just want to tell you all
that the commander feels just fine.
497
00:32:09,976 --> 00:32:12,696
[Collins] Very good, Apollo 8.
We are happy to hear that.
498
00:32:12,777 --> 00:32:13,897
And I feel great.
499
00:32:14,257 --> 00:32:16,617
Bill Anders is our cameraman today.
500
00:32:20,057 --> 00:32:23,577
Before he tapes all of our filters
501
00:32:23,656 --> 00:32:26,457
over the TV lens,
where I look back at you all,
502
00:32:26,536 --> 00:32:30,656
Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell
has a message for a special someone.
503
00:32:31,656 --> 00:32:33,217
Happy birthday, Mother.
504
00:32:33,296 --> 00:32:35,336
Cut to Borman. Show Dad again.
505
00:32:36,097 --> 00:32:38,577
Only if he takes off that Snoopy cap.
506
00:32:39,097 --> 00:32:40,217
[laughing]
507
00:32:40,296 --> 00:32:41,577
Boys.
508
00:32:42,456 --> 00:32:46,696
And the Earth is now
passing through my window.
509
00:32:47,897 --> 00:32:50,097
It's about the size
of the end of my thumb.
510
00:32:50,176 --> 00:32:51,536
Oh, my God.
511
00:32:54,696 --> 00:32:58,216
- The water's sort of a royal blue.
- Wow, Dad's far away.
512
00:32:58,297 --> 00:33:01,177
The clouds, of course, are bright white.
513
00:33:01,256 --> 00:33:04,337
- Are they gonna show the moon?
- No. Dad can't see it yet.
514
00:33:04,416 --> 00:33:06,417
Something about the angle
of their flight path.
515
00:33:06,496 --> 00:33:08,857
They'll have to show it tomorrow night
when they're in orbit.
516
00:33:08,936 --> 00:33:11,617
[Lovell] if I was a lonely traveler
from some other planet,
517
00:33:11,696 --> 00:33:14,497
what would I think about the Earth
from this altitude,
518
00:33:14,576 --> 00:33:16,817
whether or not
I'd think it was inhabited?
519
00:33:17,456 --> 00:33:18,737
They know we're here.
520
00:33:19,177 --> 00:33:22,617
What I'm just curious about
is whether I'd land on the blue
521
00:33:22,697 --> 00:33:24,537
or the brown part of the Earth.
522
00:33:25,057 --> 00:33:26,977
Better hope we land on the blue part.
523
00:33:38,976 --> 00:33:41,976
Houston, Apollo 8.
We've got a little time here.
524
00:33:42,057 --> 00:33:44,537
I'd like to jump ahead
in our flight plan
525
00:33:44,616 --> 00:33:47,056
and get us orientated
for lunar orbit insertion.
526
00:33:47,137 --> 00:33:48,856
[Collins] Roger that, Apollo 8.
527
00:33:48,937 --> 00:33:52,816
Frank, before you get started,
I have a message here from Susan.
528
00:33:52,897 --> 00:33:56,656
She says, "The custard
is in the oven at 350." Over.
529
00:33:57,297 --> 00:34:00,256
Uh... No comprende, Houston. Over.
530
00:34:00,337 --> 00:34:03,017
Your wife says,
"The custard is in the oven."
531
00:34:03,897 --> 00:34:06,457
[laughs] Oh...
532
00:34:06,816 --> 00:34:08,176
Roger that.
533
00:34:08,576 --> 00:34:10,136
Thank you for the message, Michael.
534
00:34:12,416 --> 00:34:14,017
Frank is doing just fine Susan.
535
00:34:14,096 --> 00:34:16,816
I've seen a lot of women lose
their husbands and become widows.
536
00:34:17,496 --> 00:34:20,016
And you know what?
I think I may be next.
537
00:34:20,857 --> 00:34:22,976
I have a feeling this is just my turn.
538
00:34:23,057 --> 00:34:25,097
We all share some of that feeling,
Susan.
539
00:34:25,176 --> 00:34:26,296
I won't lie to you.
540
00:34:26,816 --> 00:34:30,536
Anytime we send human beings into space,
the bottom line is it's a risk.
541
00:34:31,017 --> 00:34:33,217
Well, I appreciate your honesty, Chris,
542
00:34:33,696 --> 00:34:35,697
but I know what
a free-return trajectory is.
543
00:34:35,776 --> 00:34:38,577
So why don't you just slingshot them
around the moon and bring them home.
544
00:34:38,656 --> 00:34:39,616
Don't stop them in orbit.
545
00:34:39,697 --> 00:34:41,936
It'd be a waste to go to the moon
and not go into orbit.
546
00:34:42,017 --> 00:34:44,177
Frank knows that.
That's the mission Frank signed up for.
547
00:34:44,256 --> 00:34:47,057
Frank is a pilot.
He'd take any mission he's given.
548
00:34:48,096 --> 00:34:50,536
If you're worried about the spacecraft,
Susan,
549
00:34:50,617 --> 00:34:52,577
I got to tell you,
it is working perfectly.
550
00:34:52,656 --> 00:34:53,456
So far.
551
00:34:53,537 --> 00:34:56,337
We're not staying in orbit longer than
we have to to get the data we need.
552
00:34:56,417 --> 00:34:57,576
Ten orbits. Less than a day.
553
00:34:57,657 --> 00:34:59,697
Then the moment comes
when the engine has to fire.
554
00:34:59,776 --> 00:35:02,457
You say everything is working fine,
but what happens if it doesn't?
555
00:35:02,536 --> 00:35:04,856
We've already done a course correction
with the SPS engine.
556
00:35:04,936 --> 00:35:05,896
It's working perfectly.
557
00:35:05,977 --> 00:35:08,696
Do you realize what will happen
if you put those men into lunar orbit
558
00:35:08,776 --> 00:35:10,377
and you can't get them out again?
559
00:35:11,136 --> 00:35:12,536
Have you thought about that?
560
00:35:13,176 --> 00:35:14,777
You'll ruin the moon forever.
561
00:35:15,297 --> 00:35:16,977
No one will ever be able
to look up at it
562
00:35:17,056 --> 00:35:19,177
without thinking of
those dead astronauts.
563
00:35:19,256 --> 00:35:22,857
Susan, valves open inside the service
module. That's all that has to happen.
564
00:35:22,936 --> 00:35:25,856
The engine doesn't have to spark
or ignite or light up.
565
00:35:25,936 --> 00:35:29,096
It's hypergolic. The hydrazine mixes
with the nitrogen tetroxide
566
00:35:29,177 --> 00:35:30,417
and it can't keep from burning.
567
00:35:30,496 --> 00:35:33,336
All we do is open the valves,
and Frank comes home.
568
00:35:34,976 --> 00:35:36,457
If you're wrong, Chris...
569
00:35:37,537 --> 00:35:39,337
I won't even have his body to bury.
570
00:35:45,377 --> 00:35:46,776
[Collins] Apollo 8, this is Houston.
571
00:35:47,096 --> 00:35:50,336
Stand by for a go
on lunar orbit insertion.
572
00:35:50,417 --> 00:35:54,656
Loss of signal
is expected in 37 seconds.
573
00:35:54,736 --> 00:35:57,536
[Borman] Roger, Houston.We're standing by for that go.
574
00:36:13,936 --> 00:36:17,216
[no audible dialogue]
575
00:36:21,896 --> 00:36:25,096
[no audible dialogue]
576
00:37:29,857 --> 00:37:31,257
[Susan] "To whom it may concern.
577
00:37:32,136 --> 00:37:34,576
In the event that Apollo 8
does not return from the moon,
578
00:37:34,657 --> 00:37:36,296
I've prepared the following statement
579
00:37:36,376 --> 00:37:38,576
to accompany
the official NASA press release.
580
00:37:40,136 --> 00:37:43,297
'Frank Borman was everything
a man was supposed to be.
581
00:37:43,656 --> 00:37:45,536
He was a caring husband,
582
00:37:45,616 --> 00:37:46,897
a loving father,
583
00:37:47,376 --> 00:37:48,537
a career pilot,
584
00:37:49,096 --> 00:37:50,776
and a dedicated astronaut.
585
00:37:51,937 --> 00:37:54,017
He did not fly for the glory or thrill.
586
00:37:54,616 --> 00:37:58,216
He flew for the achievement found
in a job well done
587
00:37:58,496 --> 00:38:00,496
and because his country needed him.
588
00:38:01,176 --> 00:38:03,696
That the moon took his life
and the lives of his friends,
589
00:38:03,776 --> 00:38:08,296
Jim Lovell and Bill Anders, saddens us
and makes this world a lesser place.
590
00:38:09,056 --> 00:38:13,136
It is better that he is gone now, for he
could not have lived with the knowledge
591
00:38:13,217 --> 00:38:16,816
"that the mission that was his command
had failed so tragically. "'
592
00:39:39,176 --> 00:39:40,456
Oh, my God.
593
00:39:57,416 --> 00:39:58,576
Wow, that's pretty.
594
00:40:04,136 --> 00:40:05,456
[laughs]
595
00:40:10,416 --> 00:40:13,896
Are you getting any of this?
Come on. Hurry up. Get a picture of it.
596
00:40:13,976 --> 00:40:16,256
Hey, that picture's not scheduled.
597
00:40:16,936 --> 00:40:18,656
- [laughs]
- [camera clicks]
598
00:40:18,736 --> 00:40:20,056
Have you got it?
599
00:40:20,136 --> 00:40:21,256
[clicking]
600
00:40:21,336 --> 00:40:24,057
Take several of them, now.
Okay, where's that other camera?
601
00:40:24,136 --> 00:40:26,496
- Frank, you got that other camera?
- Calm down, Lovell.
602
00:40:26,816 --> 00:40:30,097
- Get the film. Take your time.
- Give this one to me. Let me take one.
603
00:40:41,337 --> 00:40:43,216
Oh, darn. I'm out of film.
604
00:40:47,616 --> 00:40:48,736
Think you got it?
605
00:40:50,016 --> 00:40:51,296
It'll come up again.
606
00:40:53,896 --> 00:40:56,256
All right, Anders,
let's get some film in these cameras.
607
00:41:00,216 --> 00:41:02,816
Apollo 8, Houston. Do you copy?
608
00:41:07,856 --> 00:41:10,137
Eight, this is Houston. Do you copy?
609
00:41:14,336 --> 00:41:16,296
Houston, this is Apollo 8.
610
00:41:16,376 --> 00:41:18,376
- We are now in lunar orbit.
- [applause]
611
00:41:45,616 --> 00:41:48,136
[Collins] What does the old moon
look like from 60 miles?
612
00:41:48,696 --> 00:41:53,296
Okay, Houston,
the moon is essentially gray, no color.
613
00:41:53,376 --> 00:41:56,616
Looks like plaster of Paris.
614
00:41:56,696 --> 00:42:00,936
Or a beach,
a sort of grayish beach sand.
615
00:42:01,856 --> 00:42:04,016
We're seeing a lot of detail right now.
616
00:42:06,416 --> 00:42:09,536
[Borman] I think the moon
is a different thing to each one of us.
617
00:42:09,616 --> 00:42:12,576
I know my own impression
is that it's a...
618
00:42:12,656 --> 00:42:14,776
a vast, lonely...
619
00:42:15,936 --> 00:42:18,136
forbidding-type existence...
620
00:42:19,096 --> 00:42:20,816
or expanse of nothing.
621
00:42:21,616 --> 00:42:27,216
And it certainly would not appear to be
a very inviting place to live or work.
622
00:42:28,656 --> 00:42:30,696
Jim, what have you thought most about?
623
00:42:31,416 --> 00:42:34,016
Well, Frank,
my thoughts are very similar.
624
00:42:34,896 --> 00:42:39,496
The vast loneliness
of the moon up here is awe-inspiring,
625
00:42:39,576 --> 00:42:43,016
and it makes you realize
just what you have back there on Earth.
626
00:42:43,096 --> 00:42:47,216
The Earth from here is a grand oasis
in the big vastness of space.
627
00:42:48,856 --> 00:42:51,616
The sky up here
is also rather forbidding.
628
00:42:52,176 --> 00:42:57,176
An expanse of blackness
with no stars visible when...
629
00:42:58,136 --> 00:42:59,696
we're flying over the moon in daylight.
630
00:43:01,096 --> 00:43:02,856
[Collins] We understand, Apollo 8.
631
00:43:03,376 --> 00:43:05,696
We have a magnificent picture here.
632
00:43:12,016 --> 00:43:13,576
For all the people back on Earth...
633
00:43:14,896 --> 00:43:18,656
the crew of Apollo 8 has a message
we would like to send to you.
634
00:43:21,896 --> 00:43:25,656
"In the beginning, God created
the heaven and the earth,"
635
00:43:26,536 --> 00:43:29,256
and the earth was without form and void,
636
00:43:30,056 --> 00:43:32,416
and darkness was upon
the face of the deep.
637
00:43:33,896 --> 00:43:36,656
And the Spirit of God
moved upon the face of the waters
638
00:43:37,376 --> 00:43:40,376
and God said, 'Let there be light.'
639
00:43:42,096 --> 00:43:43,656
And there was light.
640
00:43:44,336 --> 00:43:45,776
And God saw the light
641
00:43:46,376 --> 00:43:47,896
and that it was good,
642
00:43:48,416 --> 00:43:51,296
"and God divided the light
from the darkness."
643
00:44:02,815 --> 00:44:04,336
"And God called the light 'day'"
644
00:44:04,696 --> 00:44:06,256
and the darkness he called 'night.'
645
00:44:06,816 --> 00:44:09,176
And the evening and the morning
were the first day.
646
00:44:11,256 --> 00:44:12,576
And God said,
647
00:44:12,656 --> 00:44:15,456
'Let there be a firmament
in the midst of the waters
648
00:44:15,536 --> 00:44:17,816
and let it divide the waters
from the waters. '
649
00:44:18,416 --> 00:44:19,576
And it was so.
650
00:44:21,296 --> 00:44:23,576
And God called the firmament heaven.
651
00:44:25,296 --> 00:44:28,136
"And the evening and the morning
were the second day."
652
00:44:36,176 --> 00:44:38,055
"And God said,
'Let the waters under the heaven"
653
00:44:38,136 --> 00:44:40,456
be gathered together unto one place
654
00:44:41,056 --> 00:44:43,256
and let the dry land appear, '
and it was so.
655
00:44:44,816 --> 00:44:47,696
And God called the dry land earth.
656
00:44:48,816 --> 00:44:51,976
And the gathering together
of the waters called He seas.
657
00:44:52,936 --> 00:44:54,935
"And God saw that it was good."
658
00:44:58,296 --> 00:45:00,336
And from the crew of Apollo 8...
659
00:45:01,496 --> 00:45:03,376
we close with good night...
660
00:45:04,816 --> 00:45:05,816
good luck...
661
00:45:07,296 --> 00:45:08,656
a merry Christmas...
662
00:45:10,295 --> 00:45:11,976
and God bless all of you...
663
00:45:13,056 --> 00:45:15,456
all of you on the good Earth.
664
00:45:21,736 --> 00:45:22,976
[Collins] Apollo 8, Houston.
665
00:45:23,055 --> 00:45:24,176
Go ahead, Houston.
666
00:45:24,695 --> 00:45:28,096
We've reviewed all your systems,
and you are go for TEI.
667
00:45:28,856 --> 00:45:30,936
That's good news. Apollo 8 is go.
668
00:45:31,576 --> 00:45:35,016
Everything looks good
going over the hill. Good luck, guys.
669
00:45:35,416 --> 00:45:36,776
Roger, Houston. Thank you.
670
00:45:48,856 --> 00:45:52,496
After ten revolutions around the moon,
one task will remain for the crew
671
00:45:52,576 --> 00:45:54,136
upon which their lives depend.
672
00:45:54,576 --> 00:45:55,896
The firing of the engine.
673
00:45:56,256 --> 00:45:58,896
The crucial four-minute burn
of the SPS engine,
674
00:45:58,975 --> 00:46:02,815
to begin astronauts Borman, Lovell
and Anders on their long voyage home,
675
00:46:02,896 --> 00:46:05,456
takes place here
on the far side of the moon,
676
00:46:05,536 --> 00:46:08,936
out of sight but certainly not out
of the minds of Mission Control
677
00:46:09,016 --> 00:46:10,256
and all of us here.
678
00:46:10,616 --> 00:46:12,376
We will not know Apollo 8's status
679
00:46:12,456 --> 00:46:16,336
until the spacecraft comes
from around the far side of the moon
680
00:46:16,416 --> 00:46:19,135
and acquisition of signal is achieved.
681
00:46:20,056 --> 00:46:23,416
If the astronaut radio voices'
telemetry data
682
00:46:23,496 --> 00:46:26,496
comes later than 38 minutes
after loss of signal,
683
00:46:26,576 --> 00:46:30,176
it means quite simply that the engine
did not get a good burn
684
00:46:30,255 --> 00:46:32,896
and Apollo 8 is still in orbit
around the moon.
685
00:46:33,535 --> 00:46:35,055
The SPS engine must fire.
686
00:46:35,696 --> 00:46:39,855
There is no backup, there is no
contingency in case of its failure.
687
00:46:40,935 --> 00:46:43,216
All we can do is wait.
688
00:47:12,895 --> 00:47:15,416
[no audible dialogue]
689
00:47:44,575 --> 00:47:46,056
[Lovell] Houston, Apollo 8.
690
00:47:47,055 --> 00:47:49,576
Please be advised,
there is a Santa Claus.
691
00:47:49,655 --> 00:47:50,615
[excited chatter]
692
00:47:50,696 --> 00:47:51,855
Thank you, Apollo 8.
693
00:47:52,176 --> 00:47:53,456
You'd be the best to know.
694
00:48:01,016 --> 00:48:02,896
[laughing]
695
00:48:15,175 --> 00:48:16,376
[Collins] Apollo 8, Houston.
696
00:48:16,456 --> 00:48:17,775
[Borman] Go ahead, Houston.
697
00:48:17,856 --> 00:48:21,256
You received a number of congratulatory
telegrams in the past few hours.
698
00:48:21,335 --> 00:48:23,935
If you don't mind,
I'd like to read a couple to you.
699
00:48:24,336 --> 00:48:25,976
That sounds good. Go ahead.
700
00:48:26,056 --> 00:48:27,296
Here's one that reads...
701
00:48:28,576 --> 00:48:31,375
"Congratulations on one of
the greatest achievements made by man.
702
00:48:32,455 --> 00:48:35,976
You have turned into reality
the dream of Robert Goddard."
703
00:48:37,176 --> 00:48:40,456
And it's signed "Charles Lindbergh
and Ann Morrow Lindbergh."
704
00:48:42,576 --> 00:48:46,455
This one is addressed to Frank Borman,
James Lovell and William Anders.
705
00:48:47,776 --> 00:48:49,296
"Good luck and Godspeed."
706
00:48:49,816 --> 00:48:51,736
And it's from Lyndon Baines Johnson.
707
00:48:53,776 --> 00:48:56,016
And you got one
from a Mrs. Valerie Pringle.
708
00:48:56,896 --> 00:48:59,215
I'm sure that's not a name
any of you recognize.
709
00:48:59,696 --> 00:49:02,696
It's a telegram that one of the public
affairs officials at NASA picked out
710
00:49:02,775 --> 00:49:03,816
because he liked it.
711
00:49:05,336 --> 00:49:07,096
Mrs. Pringle writes, very simply...
712
00:49:08,736 --> 00:49:10,656
"You saved 1968."
56231
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