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1
00:00:16,140 --> 00:00:18,059
[John F. Kennedy]
We choose to go to the moon.
2
00:00:18,851 --> 00:00:21,562
- We choose to go to the moon.
- [crowd applauding]
3
00:00:25,233 --> 00:00:29,612
We choose to go to the moon
in this decade and do the other things,
4
00:00:29,695 --> 00:00:33,115
not because they are easy,
but because they are hard.
5
00:01:47,356 --> 00:01:48,733
[over radio] Look at that.
6
00:01:48,816 --> 00:01:49,942
That's beautiful.
7
00:01:50,026 --> 00:01:53,237
It's got to be one of the most proud
moments of my life. I guarantee you.
8
00:02:04,790 --> 00:02:07,168
[man] In the weeks leading up
to any manned space mission,
9
00:02:07,251 --> 00:02:11,005
the crew and the spacecraft are put
through a series of dress rehearsals,
10
00:02:11,088 --> 00:02:13,883
each one more like the real thing
than the last.
11
00:02:13,966 --> 00:02:16,636
The plugs-out test is just one of these.
12
00:02:16,719 --> 00:02:20,640
The crew is wearing full pressure suits
locked inside the hatch,
13
00:02:20,723 --> 00:02:24,226
confirming that the spacecraft
can operate under its own power
14
00:02:24,310 --> 00:02:27,980
with all the umbilical plugs
connecting it to the ground removed.
15
00:02:28,064 --> 00:02:29,774
Even for the very first Apollo mission,
16
00:02:29,857 --> 00:02:33,694
the plugs-out test was routine
and hardly considered hazardous.
17
00:02:33,778 --> 00:02:36,739
For astronauts Gus Grissom,
Ed White and Roger Chaffee,
18
00:02:36,822 --> 00:02:39,867
it was supposed to be just another
long afternoon spent on their backs
19
00:02:39,950 --> 00:02:42,578
inside the Apollo 1 command module.
20
00:02:42,662 --> 00:02:46,832
Another test of the complicated vehicle
that would someday, perhaps,
21
00:02:46,916 --> 00:02:50,544
take all three of them on a voyage
from the Earth to the moon.
22
00:02:52,463 --> 00:02:53,964
[radio crackling]
23
00:02:55,049 --> 00:02:56,849
[man 1 ] Okay, command pilot,
how do you read?
24
00:02:58,135 --> 00:03:02,556
[man 2, distorted]
I read you loud and clear... read me?
25
00:03:02,640 --> 00:03:04,480
[man 1 ] Well, you're pretty
garbled here, Gus.
26
00:03:04,558 --> 00:03:06,102
Senior pilot, can you hear us?
27
00:03:07,269 --> 00:03:09,939
[man 2, distorted]
Yes, [indistinct] loud and clear.
28
00:03:10,022 --> 00:03:13,567
[man 1 ] Okay, Ed, you're worse than Gus.How about you, Roger?
29
00:03:13,651 --> 00:03:17,196
[Roger, distorted]
Okay. Pilot reads you five-by-five.
30
00:03:17,279 --> 00:03:19,240
[man 1 ] Roger, you are
just a little bit better.
31
00:03:19,323 --> 00:03:21,283
[Roger] Better than Ed
or better than Gus?
32
00:03:21,367 --> 00:03:22,702
[man 1 ] Better than both.
33
00:03:22,785 --> 00:03:24,453
[Roger] That's what I always say.
34
00:03:24,537 --> 00:03:28,082
[man 1 ] Gus, what we'd like to do is
try using strictly S-band communication.
35
00:03:28,165 --> 00:03:30,167
- See if we can clear this up.
- [radio crackling]
36
00:03:30,251 --> 00:03:33,129
Can we get all three of you
in the S-band mode?
37
00:03:33,212 --> 00:03:35,256
[Gus] We're all now in the S-band.
38
00:03:36,048 --> 00:03:37,341
[man 1 ] That's real clean, Gus.
39
00:03:38,050 --> 00:03:40,370
[man 1 ] Let's try one more,
and maybe we can make the run.
40
00:03:40,886 --> 00:03:43,639
[Gus, distorted]
Okay. This is the command pilot.
41
00:03:43,723 --> 00:03:47,601
One, two, three, four, five.
42
00:03:47,685 --> 00:03:49,145
[man 1 ] Okay, you're garbled.
43
00:03:49,228 --> 00:03:51,647
But I think maybe we can
get through like this.
44
00:03:51,731 --> 00:03:54,442
Senior pilot, one more time, please.
45
00:03:54,525 --> 00:03:56,569
[Ed] Roger. Senior pilot transmitting.
46
00:03:56,652 --> 00:03:59,947
One, two, three, four...
47
00:04:00,030 --> 00:04:02,283
- [crackling]
- senior pilot.
48
00:04:02,366 --> 00:04:04,744
[man 1 ] Well, we're not
copying anybody five-by.
49
00:04:04,827 --> 00:04:07,037
We've tried about every mode.
50
00:04:07,121 --> 00:04:08,914
We never did hear the pilot.
51
00:04:08,998 --> 00:04:11,667
[Roger, distorted] Pilot hasn't
talked to you yet. How's this?
52
00:04:11,751 --> 00:04:15,212
- [crackling]
- One, two, three, four, five.
53
00:04:15,296 --> 00:04:18,007
[man 1 ] Okay, roger.You're all coming in about the same now.
54
00:04:18,090 --> 00:04:21,427
You'll have to bear with us. Sometimes
we don't get your transmission.
55
00:04:21,510 --> 00:04:24,847
- [man 2] Okay, STC...
- [radio crackling]
56
00:04:24,930 --> 00:04:28,559
five hours. If you run into many more
communication problems,
57
00:04:28,642 --> 00:04:30,311
well, we're down. Copy?
58
00:04:30,394 --> 00:04:32,062
[man 3] Steve, I need you at the phone.
59
00:04:32,146 --> 00:04:33,946
[man 1 ]
No, I didn't read you, Chuck, at all.
60
00:04:33,981 --> 00:04:36,817
I can't read you, Chuck.
Want to try the phone?
61
00:04:36,901 --> 00:04:40,321
How are we gonna get to the moon if we
can't talk between three buildings?
62
00:04:40,404 --> 00:04:43,908
- [crackling]
- Didn't read you. Can you repeat?
63
00:04:43,991 --> 00:04:46,786
I can't hear a thing you're saying.
Jesus Christ.
64
00:04:46,869 --> 00:04:49,121
I said, how are we gonna get to the moon
65
00:04:49,205 --> 00:04:52,124
if we can't talk between
two or three buildings?
66
00:05:00,841 --> 00:05:02,736
- [crackling]
- That's a little better, gentlemen.
67
00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:04,178
Give us a count on black-three.
68
00:05:04,261 --> 00:05:07,306
We're trying to figure out
why you're coming in on black-two.
69
00:05:07,389 --> 00:05:12,186
Okay, well, you want us to sit by here
until we get this stuff squared away?
70
00:05:12,269 --> 00:05:14,029
- Uh, Chuck, I didn't read you.
- [crackling]
71
00:05:14,063 --> 00:05:17,358
Test countdown hold
continues at T-minus ten.
72
00:05:18,484 --> 00:05:20,194
Apollo 1, how do you read?
73
00:05:24,156 --> 00:05:26,075
[over PA] Apollo 1, how do you read?
74
00:05:29,787 --> 00:05:31,705
[over PA] Apollo 1, how do you read?
75
00:05:31,789 --> 00:05:35,626
[Gus] I read you fine.The problem is you're not reading me.
76
00:05:35,709 --> 00:05:37,628
We're gonna get
a new backup system, Gus.
77
00:05:37,711 --> 00:05:42,091
I, uh, sent a guy out for a couple
of empty soup cans and some string.
78
00:05:42,174 --> 00:05:44,718
- [chuckling]
- A lot of string.
79
00:05:44,802 --> 00:05:46,804
- This is really getting ridiculous.
- [crackling]
80
00:05:52,643 --> 00:05:53,686
[feedback whines]
81
00:05:53,769 --> 00:05:55,855
Seems like we got an open mic
in there somewhere.
82
00:05:57,231 --> 00:05:58,858
- We'd better find it.
- Fire!
83
00:06:00,192 --> 00:06:02,528
- We got a fire in the cockpit!
- [crackling]
84
00:06:03,070 --> 00:06:05,197
- Did he say fire?
- On the monitor.
85
00:06:07,658 --> 00:06:09,243
We got a bad fire!
86
00:06:10,619 --> 00:06:11,912
Fire, go!
87
00:06:11,996 --> 00:06:13,747
[alarm blaring]
88
00:06:16,709 --> 00:06:18,335
Let's get out!
89
00:06:19,169 --> 00:06:20,588
We're burning up!
90
00:06:20,671 --> 00:06:22,506
[urgent chatter, alarm continues]
91
00:06:25,134 --> 00:06:26,969
[people yelling]
92
00:06:58,792 --> 00:07:00,419
We keeping you from something, Stormy?
93
00:07:00,502 --> 00:07:02,212
Oh, Rick's rehearsal dinner.
94
00:07:02,296 --> 00:07:04,757
I promised Phyllis
that I wouldn't be late. [chuckles]
95
00:07:04,840 --> 00:07:06,467
I'm sure she's never heard that before.
96
00:07:06,550 --> 00:07:09,470
Control is on the line from the Cape.
There's a fire in the spacecraft.
97
00:07:10,930 --> 00:07:13,891
[heavy breaths echoing]
98
00:07:32,284 --> 00:07:34,370
Mr. Shea, I was just trying the house.
99
00:07:34,453 --> 00:07:36,789
I thought you were going straight home
from the airport.
100
00:07:36,872 --> 00:07:39,959
Yeah, well, I have a couple things
I still need to take a look at.
101
00:07:40,042 --> 00:07:42,836
Mission Control just called.
There's some situation with the test.
102
00:07:42,920 --> 00:07:44,546
They wanted you to come over right away.
103
00:07:46,757 --> 00:07:48,258
What kind of situation?
104
00:08:38,267 --> 00:08:40,477
Chris, what's going on?
105
00:08:42,646 --> 00:08:44,023
We lost the crew.
106
00:08:45,691 --> 00:08:48,235
There was a fire. The crew is...
107
00:08:49,570 --> 00:08:50,779
They're dead.
108
00:09:17,973 --> 00:09:19,475
[talking quietly]
109
00:09:23,729 --> 00:09:24,938
Jan?
110
00:09:26,273 --> 00:09:27,399
Hi.
111
00:10:00,641 --> 00:10:02,518
Would you like a sedative, Betty?
112
00:10:02,601 --> 00:10:04,686
- Something to...
- No, thank you.
113
00:10:06,105 --> 00:10:08,745
I've got a lot of important decisions
to make in the next few days.
114
00:10:08,816 --> 00:10:10,692
I don't want to be zonked out on pills.
115
00:10:15,781 --> 00:10:17,866
I better go call Gus's folks.
116
00:10:36,677 --> 00:10:39,596
Martha, Mike Collins is here.
117
00:11:14,381 --> 00:11:16,633
[man] Just so you know, Joe, uh,
118
00:11:16,717 --> 00:11:18,510
the suits failed, but they...
119
00:11:20,053 --> 00:11:22,848
The doctors said
they didn't burn to death.
120
00:11:22,931 --> 00:11:26,018
It was the smoke. They were asphyxiated.
121
00:11:44,661 --> 00:11:47,831
[metal creaking]
122
00:12:06,808 --> 00:12:08,727
Hello? ls anybody home?
123
00:12:09,770 --> 00:12:11,855
Mom? Dad?
124
00:12:26,286 --> 00:12:27,454
[whispers]
125
00:12:29,373 --> 00:12:31,375
[whispering] There was
a terrible accident today.
126
00:12:35,462 --> 00:12:37,182
[man] It could have been
any of us in there.
127
00:12:38,757 --> 00:12:40,259
Hell, it almost was me.
128
00:12:41,093 --> 00:12:45,180
I was gonna sit in the spacecraft
for the test. Either me or Joe.
129
00:12:45,264 --> 00:12:46,265
What?
130
00:12:46,348 --> 00:12:49,017
We'd been having so many problems
with the communication system
131
00:12:49,101 --> 00:12:53,272
that we thought it might be a good idea
to have somebody in there listening in.
132
00:12:57,067 --> 00:13:01,029
So, up until breakfast this morning,
Joe Shea and I were gonna flip a coin
133
00:13:01,113 --> 00:13:03,615
to see who got to ride
in there with the guys.
134
00:13:03,699 --> 00:13:06,743
- Where would we sit?
- Not on my lap, that's for damn sure.
135
00:13:07,744 --> 00:13:11,581
Well, we could fit one person across
the cabin underneath the footrail.
136
00:13:11,665 --> 00:13:13,083
Whichever one of us is going in,
137
00:13:13,166 --> 00:13:15,544
we'll be able to hear what it is
you fellas are hearing.
138
00:13:15,627 --> 00:13:17,421
Which won't be much.
139
00:13:17,504 --> 00:13:20,549
- Approximately.
- Approximately?
140
00:13:20,632 --> 00:13:23,010
Well, we can't patch you
into the cabin comm lines.
141
00:13:23,093 --> 00:13:26,763
We'd have to run a separate line
through the hatch.
142
00:13:26,847 --> 00:13:30,350
Well, then the hatch would have to
be open. That's not gonna work.
143
00:13:30,434 --> 00:13:34,354
We decided that if we weren't gonna hear
exactly what they were hearing,
144
00:13:34,438 --> 00:13:36,773
that there really wasn't much point.
145
00:13:42,654 --> 00:13:43,905
[man sighs]
146
00:13:44,364 --> 00:13:47,159
Hell, we've been doing that test
since Mercury, Frank.
147
00:13:48,327 --> 00:13:53,707
So, Joe flew back to Houston,
and I went out to the pad.
148
00:13:54,708 --> 00:13:57,127
Don't really know why
I went out there with the guys.
149
00:13:57,210 --> 00:13:58,795
I usually don't.
150
00:13:59,713 --> 00:14:04,134
I think I just really wanted
to ride in the spacecraft.
151
00:14:05,385 --> 00:14:09,723
At least see what it was like
to ride a test out up there.
152
00:14:17,481 --> 00:14:19,107
But, anyway...
153
00:14:24,738 --> 00:14:27,074
You know,
I'm kind of concerned about Joe.
154
00:14:30,202 --> 00:14:32,204
I mean,
I saw him up at the tower, but...
155
00:14:33,372 --> 00:14:35,165
I don't know how he's handling it.
156
00:14:37,959 --> 00:14:39,419
How are you handling it?
157
00:14:45,967 --> 00:14:47,260
[sighs]
158
00:14:47,928 --> 00:14:49,805
I'm drunk. [chuckles]
159
00:14:52,182 --> 00:14:54,309
You know, the thing is, Frank, that...
160
00:14:54,393 --> 00:15:00,524
I mean, you and I, we both know that
people die testing unproved aircraft.
161
00:15:00,607 --> 00:15:01,942
It happens all the time.
162
00:15:02,025 --> 00:15:04,945
It's not nice and we don't like it,
163
00:15:05,028 --> 00:15:07,531
but we all knew it'd happen someday.
164
00:15:08,198 --> 00:15:12,285
No, Deke. We all knew it'd happen
someday in space.
165
00:15:15,288 --> 00:15:17,582
It's one thing to die on a mission.
166
00:15:17,666 --> 00:15:20,961
It's another to die on the pad
during a routine goddamn test.
167
00:15:24,756 --> 00:15:29,010
Senator Mondale's thoughts are with
the families of these brave Americans.
168
00:15:29,761 --> 00:15:32,889
That's it. No, that's it for now.
169
00:15:32,973 --> 00:15:35,142
You seen The Times? Listen to this.
170
00:15:35,225 --> 00:15:37,018
"The astronauts were badly burned.
171
00:15:37,102 --> 00:15:40,230
Rescue workers needed five hours
to remove their bodies."
172
00:15:40,313 --> 00:15:42,107
I always knew this was a waste of money.
173
00:15:42,190 --> 00:15:44,192
It turns out it's a dangerous
waste of money.
174
00:15:45,152 --> 00:15:47,904
For five, six years now, they've been
spending money hand over fist.
175
00:15:47,988 --> 00:15:50,031
No one's been able to do
anything about it.
176
00:15:50,115 --> 00:15:52,117
Until now.
We're going to look into this.
177
00:15:52,200 --> 00:15:55,662
I talked to Anderson's office.
He wants to wait until NASA's finished...
178
00:15:55,745 --> 00:15:58,707
Its own investigation?
For Christ's sake.
179
00:15:58,790 --> 00:16:01,551
That's the fox guarding the henhouse.
It'll be a complete and utter...
180
00:16:01,626 --> 00:16:03,336
Whitewash.
181
00:16:03,420 --> 00:16:07,466
They don't like NASA employees
investigating NASA.
182
00:16:07,549 --> 00:16:10,051
Well, as far as I'm concerned,
I didn't come here from Langley
183
00:16:10,135 --> 00:16:13,847
to put a good face on this
for my employers.
184
00:16:13,930 --> 00:16:15,432
Matter of fact, the way I see it,
185
00:16:15,515 --> 00:16:19,060
while we're doing this,
we're not working for NASA.
186
00:16:21,146 --> 00:16:25,775
We're working for Gus and Ed and Roger.
187
00:16:29,613 --> 00:16:32,282
You're each gonna
head up a panel or two.
188
00:16:32,365 --> 00:16:36,703
Max, I want you to go over all the data
that came out of the spacecraft.
189
00:16:36,786 --> 00:16:39,456
Printouts, voice transmissions,
everything.
190
00:16:39,539 --> 00:16:42,751
Pin down the precise sequence of events.
191
00:16:42,834 --> 00:16:46,213
We're gonna have one panel
focusing squarely on the fire.
192
00:16:46,296 --> 00:16:47,589
How it started, how it spread.
193
00:16:47,672 --> 00:16:49,758
They'll be reporting
to Dr. Robert Van Dolah
194
00:16:49,841 --> 00:16:52,594
of the Bureau of Mines
Explosives Research Center.
195
00:16:52,677 --> 00:16:56,223
Frank, I want you to head up the panel
196
00:16:56,306 --> 00:16:59,059
responsible for dismantling
the spacecraft.
197
00:17:07,526 --> 00:17:09,110
[cigarette lighter clicking]
198
00:17:10,570 --> 00:17:14,324
Sorry I'm late.
I got a call from Joe Shea.
199
00:17:16,034 --> 00:17:18,203
Stormy, he had a good idea.
200
00:17:18,286 --> 00:17:21,706
They're gonna use spacecraft 14
as a model for taking apart 12.
201
00:17:21,790 --> 00:17:26,169
Before they remove a screw from 12,
they'll try it out first on 14.
202
00:17:26,253 --> 00:17:27,420
All right, fine.
203
00:17:28,547 --> 00:17:31,758
Stormy, we're gonna help them
any way we can.
204
00:17:31,841 --> 00:17:37,430
I know, but we've also got to get
the Block II's ready to fly.
205
00:17:37,514 --> 00:17:38,765
Anything else?
206
00:17:40,308 --> 00:17:43,079
- Do you think they'll try to nail us?
- How can they nail us for it, Bud?
207
00:17:43,103 --> 00:17:44,854
It wasn't our fault.
208
00:18:28,398 --> 00:18:31,401
We were gonna run an emergency
egress test at the end of the plugs-out,
209
00:18:31,484 --> 00:18:33,653
see how fast
they could get out of there.
210
00:18:34,070 --> 00:18:36,031
How far did Ed manage
to turn the latch handle?
211
00:18:36,114 --> 00:18:39,409
We don't know. Even if he'd managed
to turn the handle all the way...
212
00:18:39,492 --> 00:18:42,579
He still never would've gotten out.
It's an inward-opening hatch.
213
00:18:42,662 --> 00:18:45,624
Yeah. As strong as Ed was,
the pressure from the fire and smoke
214
00:18:45,707 --> 00:18:47,584
would've been too much
for him to pull against.
215
00:18:49,919 --> 00:18:51,296
You know what haunts me?
216
00:18:51,379 --> 00:18:54,507
In a way, if it wasn't for me,
217
00:18:54,591 --> 00:18:56,676
the fire might not have been fatal.
218
00:18:57,510 --> 00:18:59,262
Why is that?
219
00:18:59,346 --> 00:19:02,766
The capsules in the Mercury program
had explosive hatches, right?
220
00:19:02,849 --> 00:19:05,810
You pull a lever and, bam,
you're out of there in a second.
221
00:19:07,062 --> 00:19:08,813
Remember when Gus's capsule sank,
222
00:19:08,897 --> 00:19:11,358
and everyone said he must have
blown the hatch by accident?
223
00:19:12,484 --> 00:19:14,110
I was on the review board for that.
224
00:19:15,111 --> 00:19:17,781
I was the one who found out
Gus was telling the truth.
225
00:19:17,864 --> 00:19:20,283
The hatch could blow by itself.
226
00:19:21,201 --> 00:19:24,746
It was because of that they decided not
to use an explosive hatch with Apollo.
227
00:19:29,042 --> 00:19:30,669
Nice irony, huh?
228
00:19:31,961 --> 00:19:34,547
If I hadn't proved Gus right,
229
00:19:34,631 --> 00:19:37,717
we might have had an explosive hatch
on this spacecraft.
230
00:19:38,677 --> 00:19:41,971
In which case, Gus and the boys
would still be alive and well.
231
00:19:50,522 --> 00:19:52,440
I'm not a big fan of irony.
232
00:19:53,316 --> 00:19:56,152
- [radio crackling]
- We got a bad fire!
233
00:19:57,278 --> 00:19:58,947
Let's get out!
234
00:19:59,030 --> 00:20:00,782
We're burning up!
235
00:20:09,999 --> 00:20:11,626
We got a bad fire!
236
00:20:12,836 --> 00:20:14,629
Let's get out!
237
00:20:14,713 --> 00:20:16,172
We're burning up!
238
00:20:18,967 --> 00:20:21,010
[click, tape rewinds]
239
00:20:25,932 --> 00:20:27,642
We got a bad fire!
240
00:20:47,704 --> 00:20:48,955
[knock on door]
241
00:20:50,665 --> 00:20:53,585
I'm going now, Mr. Shea.
Is there anything I can get you?
242
00:20:54,586 --> 00:20:56,337
You believe in time travel, Kathy?
243
00:20:56,880 --> 00:21:00,884
I mean, if you could go back in time,
what would you do?
244
00:21:03,344 --> 00:21:07,140
I mean, I'd... I'd be on that spacecraft
for the test.
245
00:21:08,600 --> 00:21:10,268
That's where I'd be.
246
00:21:15,607 --> 00:21:16,983
Good night, sir.
247
00:21:29,037 --> 00:21:34,250
Next is TPS4CM183, item 1018.
248
00:21:34,334 --> 00:21:37,003
Panel 209 mount, upper right.
249
00:21:38,213 --> 00:21:41,049
Panel 209 mount, upper right.
250
00:21:43,426 --> 00:21:45,428
Panel 209 mount, upper right.
251
00:21:46,221 --> 00:21:50,016
Uh, counterclockwise rotation,
22 pounds torque.
252
00:21:50,099 --> 00:21:52,477
Counterclockwise rotation,
22 pounds torque.
253
00:21:52,560 --> 00:21:56,314
- [wrench clicks]
- Release at 22.5.
254
00:21:59,192 --> 00:22:01,945
Confirmed as panel 209 mount,
upper right.
255
00:22:02,028 --> 00:22:04,781
Mm, threading's intact.
No visible marking.
256
00:22:06,199 --> 00:22:08,952
- 22.5. Noted.
- [clicks pen]
257
00:22:09,035 --> 00:22:11,871
[man in module] Hold on.
I think you're gonna wanna see this.
258
00:22:14,415 --> 00:22:16,125
It's a socket wrench.
259
00:22:17,585 --> 00:22:19,796
We found it behind a panel door.
260
00:22:20,630 --> 00:22:23,591
Must have been left there
by one of the North American workmen.
261
00:22:23,675 --> 00:22:25,677
There's no other
reasonable explanation for it.
262
00:22:26,386 --> 00:22:27,720
A socket wrench?
263
00:22:29,264 --> 00:22:32,684
[scoffs] Did it have anything
to do with the fire?
264
00:22:32,767 --> 00:22:35,270
Uh, we haven't finished our analysis,
but I'd have to say no.
265
00:22:35,353 --> 00:22:38,106
That's a long way away
from where we think that fire started.
266
00:22:38,940 --> 00:22:41,860
But it still shouldn't have been there,
should it?
267
00:22:42,735 --> 00:22:44,112
No, sir.
268
00:22:44,529 --> 00:22:48,867
Well, I think we better hear
what North American has to say.
269
00:23:06,134 --> 00:23:08,678
Gentlemen, this is off the record.
270
00:23:10,221 --> 00:23:12,982
First off, I want to thank Stormy
and Joe for coming in to talk to us.
271
00:23:13,057 --> 00:23:15,685
We're gonna be writing this report
in the next three weeks,
272
00:23:15,768 --> 00:23:19,230
and we have some questions for you both
that might help us clear some things up.
273
00:23:19,814 --> 00:23:22,066
Stormy, we'll start with you.
274
00:23:23,610 --> 00:23:26,404
- I'm sure you've seen this.
- Yes, no, I've seen that.
275
00:23:26,487 --> 00:23:30,408
Uh, leaving that wrench in those wires
was careless and sloppy.
276
00:23:30,491 --> 00:23:32,994
And when we find the person responsible
for leaving it there,
277
00:23:33,077 --> 00:23:36,331
we're going to make our displeasure
known in the strongest possible way.
278
00:23:36,414 --> 00:23:40,501
But we all know that that wrench had
absolutely nothing to do with the fire.
279
00:23:44,130 --> 00:23:45,131
[man clears throat]
280
00:23:47,675 --> 00:23:51,679
Stormy, a number of people have told me
Gus wasn't happy with North American.
281
00:23:52,388 --> 00:23:55,016
When he made suggestions
or had complaints,
282
00:23:55,099 --> 00:23:56,893
he didn't think
he was being listened to.
283
00:23:56,976 --> 00:23:59,187
No, we listened, at first.
284
00:23:59,270 --> 00:24:01,606
But after a while,
we had to stop listening.
285
00:24:01,689 --> 00:24:04,609
The good old days
of Mercury and Gemini are gone, Frank.
286
00:24:04,692 --> 00:24:07,528
On Gemini, if you wanted to make
a change in the spacecraft,
287
00:24:07,612 --> 00:24:09,530
all you had to do was call up
old man McDonnell.
288
00:24:09,614 --> 00:24:13,034
Right? Well, you can't do that
on Apollo. You know that, Frank.
289
00:24:13,117 --> 00:24:16,454
The smallest change
has huge ramifications.
290
00:24:16,871 --> 00:24:19,999
Mercury missions, you launched,
orbited a couple times, came back down.
291
00:24:20,083 --> 00:24:22,669
You could hold your breath
through some of those flights.
292
00:24:22,752 --> 00:24:24,837
We're going to the moon now.
293
00:24:24,921 --> 00:24:29,717
So, if the accusation is we haven't done
everything you astronauts have asked us,
294
00:24:29,801 --> 00:24:31,928
well, all I can say is
guilty as charged.
295
00:24:33,221 --> 00:24:36,015
No one's accusing you of anything,
Stormy. This isn't a court of law.
296
00:24:36,099 --> 00:24:38,351
Damn right it's not a court of law.
It's an ambush.
297
00:24:38,434 --> 00:24:40,561
No. You say you got questions
for Joe and me.
298
00:24:40,645 --> 00:24:43,856
Why do I think there aren't gonna be
too many questions for Joe?
299
00:24:43,940 --> 00:24:46,859
Because if you don't have any,
I got a couple, Joe.
300
00:24:46,943 --> 00:24:49,612
You want to tell them the real reason
for the wiring problems?
301
00:24:49,696 --> 00:24:52,156
How NASA keeps changing
mission requirements,
302
00:24:52,240 --> 00:24:55,451
and yet you still, you push us
to meet these arbitrary deadlines.
303
00:24:55,535 --> 00:24:58,204
We never made changes
regarding Velcro, Stormy.
304
00:24:58,287 --> 00:24:59,539
What?
305
00:24:59,622 --> 00:25:02,917
There was not supposed to be more than
500 square inches in the cabin.
306
00:25:03,001 --> 00:25:05,837
You guys had
over 5,000 square inches in there.
307
00:25:05,920 --> 00:25:07,296
I wasn't aware that was a problem.
308
00:25:07,380 --> 00:25:09,841
You weren't aware?
Of course you were aware.
309
00:25:09,924 --> 00:25:12,218
- We talked about it last August.
- [laughter]
310
00:25:12,301 --> 00:25:14,387
You guys got any other complaints?
311
00:25:14,470 --> 00:25:16,764
- Uh, no steering wheel, huh?
- No.
312
00:25:16,848 --> 00:25:19,475
How about tinted windows,
maybe some power steering?
313
00:25:19,559 --> 00:25:21,352
- No.
- No problem.
314
00:25:21,436 --> 00:25:23,855
Come on, now.
We do have a couple of other things.
315
00:25:23,938 --> 00:25:26,649
Joe, check the fine print.
There's no warranty on this vehicle.
316
00:25:26,733 --> 00:25:29,068
As soon as we signed the pink slip over,
it was yours.
317
00:25:29,152 --> 00:25:31,612
- Caveat emptor, buddy.
- No, it's the Velcro.
318
00:25:31,696 --> 00:25:34,907
It's flammable, and there's too much
of it inside. So, how did this happen?
319
00:25:34,991 --> 00:25:36,951
Talk to them.
They're the ones who put it there.
320
00:25:37,035 --> 00:25:40,163
Look, Joe, when you get up in zero-G,
crap just starts floating around.
321
00:25:40,246 --> 00:25:43,666
But you put a little bit on your pen,
a little on the bulkhead, and presto.
322
00:25:43,750 --> 00:25:47,378
Okay, well, then maybe there's just
a few too many little bits in there.
323
00:25:47,462 --> 00:25:49,505
So, wherever Velcro is,
324
00:25:49,589 --> 00:25:53,217
there should be at least four inches
between it and any ignition source.
325
00:25:53,301 --> 00:25:56,137
- Sure. Yeah.
- All right, other than that...
326
00:25:56,220 --> 00:25:59,599
Not one piece of Velcro,
or anything flammable,
327
00:25:59,682 --> 00:26:02,143
was within four inches
of any ignition source.
328
00:26:02,226 --> 00:26:05,063
Not that it mattered. A ten-inch gap
wouldn't have been enough.
329
00:26:05,146 --> 00:26:07,482
The fire wasn't caused by Velcro.
330
00:26:07,565 --> 00:26:12,945
It was caused by the use of 100%
pure goddamn oxygen under pressure.
331
00:26:13,029 --> 00:26:15,281
North American was given
mission requirements.
332
00:26:15,364 --> 00:26:19,327
One of the requirements was a spacecraft
designed to operate filled with oxygen
333
00:26:19,410 --> 00:26:21,412
and to do so without exploding!
334
00:26:21,496 --> 00:26:24,082
Joe, I think it's time
that you and your friends at NASA,
335
00:26:24,165 --> 00:26:26,209
you took a little remedial math course.
336
00:26:26,626 --> 00:26:28,961
In space,
the cabin was supposed to contain
337
00:26:29,045 --> 00:26:32,256
five pounds per square inch
of pure oxygen, right?
338
00:26:32,340 --> 00:26:35,885
Fine. So, we built it
to those specifications.
339
00:26:35,968 --> 00:26:37,970
But you weren't conducting
the test in space.
340
00:26:38,054 --> 00:26:39,764
You were conducting it at sea level,
341
00:26:39,847 --> 00:26:43,184
where the atmospheric pressure
is already 14.8.
342
00:26:43,267 --> 00:26:47,647
That means that in order to simulate
the positive pressure of spaceflight,
343
00:26:47,730 --> 00:26:49,232
you had to add some PSI.
344
00:26:49,315 --> 00:26:51,442
You guys tanked up that spacecraft
345
00:26:51,526 --> 00:26:54,779
with almost 17 pounds
per square inch of pure oxygen.
346
00:26:54,862 --> 00:26:58,699
At 17 PSI pure oxygen, Velcro explodes.
347
00:26:58,783 --> 00:27:02,912
The fact remains, we conducted
over 15,000 hours of manned tests
348
00:27:02,995 --> 00:27:06,374
with pressurized oxygen environments
without anything going wrong, ever!
349
00:27:06,457 --> 00:27:08,209
This time something did go wrong.
350
00:27:08,292 --> 00:27:10,211
You told us
there wouldn't be ignition sources.
351
00:27:10,294 --> 00:27:12,130
We begged you
not to test at high pressure.
352
00:27:12,213 --> 00:27:13,589
[man] All right.
353
00:27:16,467 --> 00:27:17,468
All right.
354
00:27:22,348 --> 00:27:23,432
Sorry.
355
00:27:25,476 --> 00:27:28,604
Now, normally,
Velcro is not much of a fire risk.
356
00:27:28,688 --> 00:27:31,691
This is Velcro in air at sea level.
357
00:27:32,066 --> 00:27:34,402
Under intense direct heat...
358
00:27:35,528 --> 00:27:38,156
it'll burn, it'll melt...
359
00:27:39,323 --> 00:27:41,200
it will not support combustion.
360
00:27:43,828 --> 00:27:47,456
Now, this is Velcro
in an atmosphere of 100% oxygen.
361
00:27:57,175 --> 00:28:00,052
As for the spark that started it,
362
00:28:00,136 --> 00:28:03,264
from our fire propagation test
and analysis of the spacecraft,
363
00:28:03,347 --> 00:28:05,933
we believe the fire started down here.
364
00:28:06,767 --> 00:28:09,645
Because of the severity of fire damage
in this part of the spacecraft,
365
00:28:09,729 --> 00:28:11,981
we'll never know for certain
how the fire started.
366
00:28:12,064 --> 00:28:14,942
Our best guess is
367
00:28:15,026 --> 00:28:19,113
that a wire was resting against
the inside of this panel door here.
368
00:28:19,197 --> 00:28:21,616
After the door opened
and shut a few times,
369
00:28:21,699 --> 00:28:25,119
the Teflon insulation
became abraded in two spots.
370
00:28:26,120 --> 00:28:29,707
When a current went through the wire,
there was an arc and...
371
00:28:30,625 --> 00:28:32,960
well, you've heard the rest.
372
00:28:35,087 --> 00:28:37,548
You're saying the fire was the result
of frayed wiring?
373
00:28:38,674 --> 00:28:39,717
Yes.
374
00:28:57,693 --> 00:29:01,030
[man] Disassembly of the Apollo 1
command module was completed
375
00:29:01,113 --> 00:29:04,951
at the Kennedy Space Center
on the 27th of March, 1967,
376
00:29:05,034 --> 00:29:06,535
during the first shift.
377
00:29:16,712 --> 00:29:18,381
[click, door creaks]
378
00:29:34,021 --> 00:29:36,649
You keep working these hours,
you're gonna have a heart attack.
379
00:29:37,400 --> 00:29:40,903
- Did you read this thing?
- It's 2,300 pages, Stormy.
380
00:29:40,987 --> 00:29:43,227
They're nailing us, Lee.
They're saying it was our fault.
381
00:29:43,281 --> 00:29:44,991
There's a couple of references
to the fact
382
00:29:45,074 --> 00:29:48,869
that testing in highly pressurized
pure oxygen is a tiny bit dangerous.
383
00:29:48,953 --> 00:29:50,663
Other than that, we get our butt kicked.
384
00:29:50,746 --> 00:29:52,623
- We gotta let them know...
- No, we don't.
385
00:29:52,707 --> 00:29:55,376
- We're not just gonna take this?
- Yes, we are.
386
00:29:55,459 --> 00:29:58,796
We have got files filled with memos
begging them not to test like that.
387
00:29:58,879 --> 00:30:01,215
And we are going to forget
about those files.
388
00:30:01,299 --> 00:30:05,136
- Forget about them?
- We can't blame NASA, Stormy.
389
00:30:05,219 --> 00:30:08,139
We make NASA look bad,
they could cancel the whole program.
390
00:30:08,222 --> 00:30:12,351
Mondale's looking for any excuse
to shut it down.
391
00:30:12,435 --> 00:30:17,148
This way, we take a few hits,
but the program rolls on.
392
00:30:17,231 --> 00:30:21,110
- With a new contractor.
- It's too late to get a new contractor.
393
00:30:21,193 --> 00:30:24,030
Kennedy promised the moon
by the end of the decade.
394
00:30:24,113 --> 00:30:26,657
They switch contractors now,
they can forget about that.
395
00:30:27,450 --> 00:30:30,119
And if it looks like they're gonna
miss Kennedy's goal,
396
00:30:30,202 --> 00:30:34,582
public sentiment will evaporate
and Congress will pull the plug.
397
00:30:34,665 --> 00:30:36,542
They can't replace us.
398
00:30:37,376 --> 00:30:39,920
We put our cap in our hands
and we beg forgiveness,
399
00:30:40,004 --> 00:30:41,714
and we promise
it will never happen again.
400
00:30:41,797 --> 00:30:44,425
We do not fight back.
401
00:30:47,428 --> 00:30:49,889
And we forget those files exist.
402
00:30:56,687 --> 00:30:57,938
What files?
403
00:31:01,776 --> 00:31:03,694
[Storms] He must be loving this.
404
00:31:03,778 --> 00:31:05,571
- Who?
- Joe Shea.
405
00:31:05,946 --> 00:31:09,075
I can't believe how he's been able
to skate through all this unscathed.
406
00:31:11,077 --> 00:31:12,745
That's not what I hear, Stormy.
407
00:31:14,622 --> 00:31:20,252
From what I hear,
Joe has been anything but unscathed.
408
00:31:21,337 --> 00:31:23,798
I'm okay. I'm fine.
409
00:31:24,965 --> 00:31:28,052
Well, it's just that you got
a lot of people worried about you, Joe.
410
00:31:28,135 --> 00:31:31,722
Yeah? Well, I'm just a little overtired.
That's all.
411
00:31:32,932 --> 00:31:35,643
Hey, I know, I know.
Hell, we're all feeling the pressure.
412
00:31:35,726 --> 00:31:37,603
Hear about Ron Tucker?
413
00:31:37,686 --> 00:31:39,688
Got up in the middle
of a review board meeting
414
00:31:39,772 --> 00:31:43,234
and started drawing an organizational
chart of heaven on the blackboard.
415
00:31:43,317 --> 00:31:44,360
[chuckles]
416
00:31:44,443 --> 00:31:47,530
At the top goes God,
who we'll call Big Daddy.
417
00:31:48,864 --> 00:31:51,242
Ron's eating soft food
in a soft room now,
418
00:31:51,325 --> 00:31:53,536
but, hell, at least he's alive.
419
00:31:53,619 --> 00:31:55,663
Quality-control inspector
out at the Cape
420
00:31:55,746 --> 00:31:58,249
that drove his whole family
out in front of a train...
421
00:31:59,375 --> 00:32:00,918
wasn't so lucky.
422
00:32:02,336 --> 00:32:06,382
You, uh... You don't think
I'm gonna snap like that, do you?
423
00:32:07,258 --> 00:32:09,510
Look, I don't know, Joe. Um...
424
00:32:11,011 --> 00:32:13,889
You know, a lot of people
heard you say that
425
00:32:13,973 --> 00:32:16,434
you wished you'd been
in the spacecraft with the guys.
426
00:32:17,017 --> 00:32:19,019
I'm not saying that I wish I was dead.
427
00:32:19,103 --> 00:32:22,481
No, no, no. That's...
That's not what I'm saying at all.
428
00:32:23,357 --> 00:32:24,525
It's just...
429
00:32:29,196 --> 00:32:32,158
Forget it. What do they want me to do?
430
00:32:32,241 --> 00:32:34,368
- Who?
- The three wise men.
431
00:32:34,452 --> 00:32:35,870
Webb, Seamans, Mueller.
432
00:32:35,953 --> 00:32:39,748
They think I've gone over the edge here.
What would they like me to do?
433
00:32:40,458 --> 00:32:42,168
I don't know what they want you to do.
434
00:32:42,251 --> 00:32:44,462
I'll tell you
what I think you should do.
435
00:32:44,545 --> 00:32:47,756
I think you should take a break.
Just a leave of absence.
436
00:32:47,840 --> 00:32:49,884
A couple of weeks and get some rest.
437
00:32:49,967 --> 00:32:51,385
No. No.
438
00:32:52,386 --> 00:32:53,512
- No.
- [sighs]
439
00:32:53,596 --> 00:32:54,972
Come on, Joe.
440
00:32:56,223 --> 00:32:58,267
You said yourself you were overtired.
441
00:32:58,350 --> 00:33:01,479
Yeah, I got a lot of work to do.
You see that desk there?
442
00:33:01,562 --> 00:33:02,563
[sighs]
443
00:33:03,606 --> 00:33:05,483
Well, then, maybe...
444
00:33:05,566 --> 00:33:10,279
I just think maybe you ought to
just talk to somebody, you know?
445
00:33:11,739 --> 00:33:13,532
Maybe see a psychiatrist.
446
00:33:17,119 --> 00:33:19,079
You really do think I've cracked.
447
00:33:19,580 --> 00:33:21,749
It's just to put
everybody's mind at ease.
448
00:33:21,832 --> 00:33:24,001
Fine, I'll see a psychiatrist.
I'll see a couple.
449
00:33:24,084 --> 00:33:26,629
Why don't you bring on
a whole platoon of psychiatrists?
450
00:33:26,712 --> 00:33:28,839
But I'm not leaving the program.
Not voluntarily.
451
00:33:28,923 --> 00:33:30,466
Not till we get to the moon.
452
00:33:34,762 --> 00:33:36,514
Joe, I'm gonna come right to the point.
453
00:33:36,597 --> 00:33:39,058
We got letters
from the two psychiatrists.
454
00:33:39,141 --> 00:33:40,309
It seems...
455
00:33:41,310 --> 00:33:44,146
It seems like
you passed with flying colors.
456
00:33:44,230 --> 00:33:47,650
One of those psychiatrists complained
that seeing you was a waste of his time.
457
00:33:47,733 --> 00:33:48,734
Yeah.
458
00:33:49,527 --> 00:33:53,447
Joe, I don't want you to think that
this reflects on what I think of you.
459
00:33:53,531 --> 00:33:56,992
I mean, I honestly feel you're
the most valuable man in NASA today.
460
00:33:57,660 --> 00:34:01,539
And that's why I'm gonna say
what I'm gonna say.
461
00:34:02,998 --> 00:34:04,375
Joe... [sighs]
462
00:34:04,833 --> 00:34:08,629
NASA is about more
than just going to the moon.
463
00:34:08,712 --> 00:34:12,091
We got the space station to think about
and the manned mission to Mars.
464
00:34:12,174 --> 00:34:14,843
And I want you to be
a part of all of that.
465
00:34:15,719 --> 00:34:20,432
It's time you left the detail work
behind, got involved in making policy.
466
00:34:20,516 --> 00:34:22,560
I want you to join me
here in Washington, Joe.
467
00:34:23,060 --> 00:34:24,353
You'll be at the highest level.
468
00:34:24,436 --> 00:34:27,022
You won't have to report to anyone
except maybe me.
469
00:34:28,148 --> 00:34:30,276
- What do you say?
- [chuckles]
470
00:34:30,359 --> 00:34:32,278
What do I say?
471
00:34:32,361 --> 00:34:35,197
- How soon you want me?
- How does now sound?
472
00:34:35,281 --> 00:34:36,949
That sounds great.
473
00:34:37,032 --> 00:34:40,160
- I mean, we got kids in school...
- You don't have to decide right now.
474
00:34:40,244 --> 00:34:42,997
You can go back to the hotel,
phone your wife, talk about it.
475
00:34:43,080 --> 00:34:45,666
I'll call you tomorrow, all right?
476
00:34:46,417 --> 00:34:49,295
- Thanks.
- Call you tomorrow.
477
00:35:01,682 --> 00:35:04,393
- Hey, Jim. You talk to Joe?
- Yeah.
478
00:35:04,476 --> 00:35:06,061
- Did he bite?
- Mm-hmm.
479
00:35:06,145 --> 00:35:08,981
And I feel like a complete
and utter heel.
480
00:35:09,064 --> 00:35:12,443
It had to be done, Jim. We had to get
him out of the way before the hearings.
481
00:35:12,526 --> 00:35:13,766
They'd have torn him to shreds.
482
00:35:13,819 --> 00:35:14,820
I don't know, George.
483
00:35:14,903 --> 00:35:17,615
Maybe these hearings aren't gonna be
as horrible as we think.
484
00:35:17,698 --> 00:35:19,241
Look, I'll see you in the morning.
485
00:35:20,743 --> 00:35:23,287
Now, going back
to your statement, Dr. Mueller,
486
00:35:23,370 --> 00:35:26,582
I think I understood you to say
there were nearly 500 inspectors
487
00:35:26,665 --> 00:35:28,459
in the Apollo Program at the Cape.
488
00:35:29,960 --> 00:35:30,961
Yes.
489
00:35:31,420 --> 00:35:33,589
Now, for the life of me,
490
00:35:33,672 --> 00:35:37,009
I cannot understand,
with all those people,
491
00:35:37,092 --> 00:35:40,971
how a socket wrench could have
gone undetected in the capsule
492
00:35:41,055 --> 00:35:43,682
from October until January the 27th.
493
00:35:46,310 --> 00:35:47,603
[clears throat]
494
00:35:50,564 --> 00:35:53,317
You're saying it was not
because NASA was in a hurry.
495
00:35:53,400 --> 00:35:56,362
- The contractor is responsible...
- Wasn't that a failure?
496
00:35:56,445 --> 00:35:59,823
Did you consider cancellation
of North American's contract?
497
00:36:00,741 --> 00:36:02,701
Wouldn't you say they were negligent?
498
00:36:02,785 --> 00:36:06,455
Sir, I have not found anyone
at North American or NASA
499
00:36:06,538 --> 00:36:09,124
who would not give anything they had
to prevent what happened.
500
00:36:09,208 --> 00:36:11,752
Yes, but there was negligence
on the part of North American.
501
00:36:11,835 --> 00:36:13,253
Was there not?
502
00:36:14,296 --> 00:36:16,799
I don't see how you can call
what they did negligence.
503
00:36:17,132 --> 00:36:19,802
Unless you mean that
a company is negligent
504
00:36:19,885 --> 00:36:22,596
if 100% of its work
is not done without a mistake.
505
00:36:22,680 --> 00:36:27,101
As someone with extensive experience
in testing experimental aircraft,
506
00:36:27,184 --> 00:36:30,646
I can tell you that
that standard is just not achievable.
507
00:36:31,438 --> 00:36:35,275
So, I don't feel
that negligence is the proper word.
508
00:36:36,193 --> 00:36:37,194
Thank you, Senator.
509
00:36:38,654 --> 00:36:39,988
Senator Mondale.
510
00:36:40,989 --> 00:36:44,034
[sighs] Well, it seems that
my colleagues have asked
511
00:36:44,118 --> 00:36:45,786
all the questions I was going to ask.
512
00:36:49,123 --> 00:36:50,541
Except one.
513
00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:56,088
Now, I have been told, and I would like
to have this set straight if I'm wrong,
514
00:36:56,171 --> 00:36:57,339
that there was a report
515
00:36:57,423 --> 00:37:02,845
prepared for NASA
by General Phillips in mid or late 1965
516
00:37:02,928 --> 00:37:06,056
which very strongly criticized
the Apollo program
517
00:37:06,140 --> 00:37:07,599
for what were regarded as
518
00:37:07,683 --> 00:37:11,228
"very serious inadequacies
in terms of quality control."
519
00:37:15,232 --> 00:37:16,734
Would you comment on that?
520
00:37:18,110 --> 00:37:19,945
Was there a Phillips report?
521
00:37:21,780 --> 00:37:23,240
Would you comment on that?
522
00:37:25,784 --> 00:37:26,827
Um...
523
00:37:27,578 --> 00:37:29,371
I'm not aware of it, sir.
524
00:37:30,414 --> 00:37:34,793
Is it then your testimony that no such
unusual General Phillips report existed?
525
00:37:35,919 --> 00:37:38,422
Is this rumor unfounded?
526
00:37:39,757 --> 00:37:41,759
[softly] That's something
we gotta take a look at.
527
00:37:46,555 --> 00:37:48,056
Let us look it up, sir.
528
00:37:48,140 --> 00:37:50,601
- Is there something somebody forgot?
- It was a memo, Jim.
529
00:37:50,684 --> 00:37:52,478
- It wasn't a big deal.
- It is now.
530
00:37:52,561 --> 00:37:55,022
It came out of the tiger team audit
from North American.
531
00:37:55,105 --> 00:37:57,649
- It's old news.
- It's still gonna be damaging to us!
532
00:37:58,233 --> 00:38:01,653
"I heard a rumor." Rumor, my foot.
Probably got a copy in his hand.
533
00:38:02,279 --> 00:38:05,115
The only reason why he didn't throw it
in front of me like Perry Mason
534
00:38:05,199 --> 00:38:07,618
is because he knows
the fool thing is classified!
535
00:38:08,869 --> 00:38:10,120
He's gonna kill us.
536
00:38:11,205 --> 00:38:14,500
We're dead. We're dead before
we even got off the damn launchpad.
537
00:38:14,583 --> 00:38:16,463
Hold on. We don't know
what Anderson's thinking.
538
00:38:16,543 --> 00:38:18,629
He can steer the committee
any way he wants.
539
00:38:18,712 --> 00:38:21,965
George, where were you this morning?
He's got us twisting in the wind.
540
00:38:22,049 --> 00:38:24,635
Clinton Anderson has to worry
about getting reelected
541
00:38:24,718 --> 00:38:26,345
just like everybody else.
542
00:38:27,930 --> 00:38:29,515
Who's left to testify?
543
00:38:29,598 --> 00:38:32,309
Lee Atwood and some of the folks
from North American.
544
00:38:32,392 --> 00:38:34,978
They're gonna get torn to pieces
right after lunch.
545
00:38:35,062 --> 00:38:37,523
And then there are some members
of the review board.
546
00:38:37,606 --> 00:38:39,858
- Borman?
- Frank's going at the end.
547
00:38:39,942 --> 00:38:41,902
That's good.
Everybody loves an astronaut.
548
00:38:41,985 --> 00:38:43,695
Come on, George. Are you kidding me?
549
00:38:43,779 --> 00:38:45,989
You think Frank Borman's
gonna paint a rosy picture?
550
00:38:46,073 --> 00:38:48,116
Hell, it could have been him
in that spacecraft.
551
00:38:48,200 --> 00:38:49,409
You're right.
552
00:38:49,827 --> 00:38:51,119
Where you going, Jim?
553
00:38:51,703 --> 00:38:54,915
I'm gonna do the only thing left
for me to do. Beg for mercy.
554
00:38:56,542 --> 00:38:58,627
I'm sorry, Mr. Webb,
but I've got a job to do,
555
00:38:58,710 --> 00:39:00,337
and I'm going to do it.
556
00:39:01,296 --> 00:39:05,175
With all due humility, Senator,
what did we do wrong?
557
00:39:05,717 --> 00:39:09,179
- That's what I'm going to find out.
- No. I mean, why are you so down on us?
558
00:39:10,347 --> 00:39:12,266
You and I are both Democrats.
559
00:39:13,100 --> 00:39:15,352
Going to the moon was Kennedy's dream.
560
00:39:15,435 --> 00:39:18,814
It was one of his dreams.
Jack Kennedy had a lot of dreams.
561
00:39:18,897 --> 00:39:20,732
Do you really want to kill Apollo?
562
00:39:21,441 --> 00:39:24,778
No. I'll tell you what I want, Mr. Webb.
563
00:39:24,862 --> 00:39:28,198
I want no more American children
going hungry in any of our cities.
564
00:39:28,657 --> 00:39:31,493
I want to do something about our boys
dying halfway around the world.
565
00:39:32,119 --> 00:39:33,829
I want to do a lot of things.
566
00:39:33,912 --> 00:39:36,248
And if getting what I want
means we don't go to the moon...
567
00:39:37,332 --> 00:39:38,667
then so be it.
568
00:39:38,750 --> 00:39:40,586
[crowd chattering]
569
00:40:06,320 --> 00:40:08,322
[chattering stops]
570
00:40:09,656 --> 00:40:12,534
Colonel Borman,
would you have entered the spacecraft
571
00:40:12,618 --> 00:40:15,162
on the morning of the accident
if your turn had been called?
572
00:40:16,121 --> 00:40:17,331
Yes, sir.
573
00:40:17,414 --> 00:40:19,124
Would you have had any hesitancy?
574
00:40:20,292 --> 00:40:21,293
No, sir.
575
00:40:23,045 --> 00:40:25,380
Were there defects in workmanship?
576
00:40:26,048 --> 00:40:27,049
There were.
577
00:40:27,966 --> 00:40:30,594
And did these defects
go beyond workmanship?
578
00:40:31,053 --> 00:40:32,971
Yes, sir. There were defects in design.
579
00:40:35,265 --> 00:40:38,226
If you had entered the spacecraft
on that morning,
580
00:40:39,019 --> 00:40:42,022
would you have been motivated
by a desire to take risks?
581
00:40:43,649 --> 00:40:44,650
No, sir.
582
00:40:46,151 --> 00:40:50,238
Sometimes there are, uh, romantic,
silk-scarf notions
583
00:40:50,322 --> 00:40:54,660
attributed to this business,
but, uh, we're professionals.
584
00:40:55,577 --> 00:40:58,914
We'll accept risk, certainly,
but not undue risk.
585
00:40:58,997 --> 00:41:00,499
Let me rephrase the question.
586
00:41:01,375 --> 00:41:05,045
Knowing what you know now,
would you have entered that spacecraft?
587
00:41:07,547 --> 00:41:08,548
No, sir.
588
00:41:10,175 --> 00:41:11,885
[people murmuring]
589
00:41:13,553 --> 00:41:14,596
Colonel Borman,
590
00:41:14,680 --> 00:41:18,600
how did Commander Grissom and his crew
feel about the readiness of the vehicle?
591
00:41:18,684 --> 00:41:21,436
I talked to Ed White
shortly before the accident.
592
00:41:22,104 --> 00:41:25,983
Uh... He thought they were over
most of their problems and on their way.
593
00:41:26,066 --> 00:41:30,862
Colonel, didn't Commander Grissom
once hang a lemon on the simulator?
594
00:41:33,782 --> 00:41:35,784
You, uh... You had to know Gus.
595
00:41:35,867 --> 00:41:38,203
Did Commander Grissom
hang a lemon on the simulator?
596
00:41:39,162 --> 00:41:40,163
Yes, sir.
597
00:41:40,622 --> 00:41:42,457
Tell us about him, Colonel.
598
00:41:44,209 --> 00:41:46,211
Sorry, Senator,
I have a couple quick questions.
599
00:41:46,294 --> 00:41:48,171
Would you yield for a minute or two?
600
00:41:48,255 --> 00:41:50,090
- Actually, Mr. Chairman, I...
- Thanks.
601
00:41:54,344 --> 00:41:56,722
Colonel Borman, you just said,
602
00:41:56,805 --> 00:41:58,557
"You had to know Gus."
603
00:41:59,474 --> 00:42:03,645
And I think that that's been missing
in here these past two days.
604
00:42:03,729 --> 00:42:06,314
I'd like for the record
to contain at least a little bit
605
00:42:06,398 --> 00:42:08,734
about the men who perished in that fire.
606
00:42:09,526 --> 00:42:11,236
Colonel, could you do that for us?
607
00:42:14,031 --> 00:42:15,073
[clears throat]
608
00:42:16,158 --> 00:42:17,451
Um...
609
00:42:17,534 --> 00:42:20,871
Gus Grissom was the first astronaut
to be asked to fly three times.
610
00:42:21,371 --> 00:42:22,914
Mercury, Gemini and Apollo.
611
00:42:23,874 --> 00:42:25,333
He loved being an astronaut.
612
00:42:26,501 --> 00:42:30,589
Except for the publicity and being
on display that comes with the job.
613
00:42:32,758 --> 00:42:37,012
There are no front windows on the house
he built for Betty in Timber Cove
614
00:42:37,095 --> 00:42:39,973
because he didn't want people
looking in.
615
00:42:40,766 --> 00:42:43,810
Now, if that gives you the impression
that Gus was a cranky SOB,
616
00:42:43,894 --> 00:42:46,104
well, he was at times.
617
00:42:48,106 --> 00:42:50,108
But I would have
trusted him with my life.
618
00:42:53,070 --> 00:42:57,365
Ed White was a big man for an astronaut.
619
00:42:58,241 --> 00:42:59,910
A shade under six feet.
620
00:43:00,744 --> 00:43:02,037
An exceptional athlete.
621
00:43:02,829 --> 00:43:06,666
As you all know, Ed was
the first American to walk in space.
622
00:43:08,919 --> 00:43:12,589
There was a story going around
that when he was on his space walk,
623
00:43:12,672 --> 00:43:17,052
he stayed out after he'd been ordered in
because he was having such a good time.
624
00:43:18,720 --> 00:43:19,971
It's a funny story.
625
00:43:20,055 --> 00:43:23,016
But it would have meant
that Ed White disobeyed an order.
626
00:43:25,143 --> 00:43:26,353
Not gonna happen.
627
00:43:27,312 --> 00:43:28,939
Ed was a West Point man.
628
00:43:29,314 --> 00:43:33,443
And duty, honor, country weren't
just words to him, they were him.
629
00:43:35,278 --> 00:43:36,947
He was one of my closest friends.
630
00:43:38,156 --> 00:43:39,199
Uh...
631
00:43:39,282 --> 00:43:41,118
Roger Chaffee, I, uh...
632
00:43:42,160 --> 00:43:44,830
I didn't know that well.
He was one of the new guys.
633
00:43:46,081 --> 00:43:48,250
Very energetic, very excited.
634
00:43:50,127 --> 00:43:51,670
I heard a story about him though.
635
00:43:51,753 --> 00:43:54,840
He was out on Long Island
visiting the Grumman facility
636
00:43:54,923 --> 00:43:58,093
where they're building
the descent stage for the lunar module.
637
00:43:58,176 --> 00:44:00,762
And he saw a group of men
standing in a corner.
638
00:44:02,013 --> 00:44:06,351
Well, he found out these were
the fellas that make the tools
639
00:44:06,434 --> 00:44:07,936
that make the machines.
640
00:44:09,104 --> 00:44:12,566
None of the bigwigs being escorted
through there ever talked to these guys.
641
00:44:13,358 --> 00:44:15,068
But Roger went over and made them feel
642
00:44:15,152 --> 00:44:17,737
like they were the most important part
of the program.
643
00:44:25,078 --> 00:44:27,372
Colonel, this isn't a court of law,
644
00:44:27,455 --> 00:44:31,459
so I can ask you something
that's completely hypothetical.
645
00:44:32,919 --> 00:44:37,632
If we could somehow reach
beyond the wall of death...
646
00:44:38,675 --> 00:44:41,636
and talk to Grissom, White and Chaffee,
647
00:44:41,720 --> 00:44:44,556
what do you imagine
they would say about the fire?
648
00:44:45,765 --> 00:44:49,102
I was, uh... I was hoping
someone would ask that.
649
00:44:49,186 --> 00:44:52,397
I don't know what Roger or Ed would say,
650
00:44:52,480 --> 00:44:56,693
but, uh, I can let
Gus speak for himself.
651
00:44:56,776 --> 00:44:59,696
Back in January,
he talked to a group of reporters.
652
00:44:59,779 --> 00:45:03,033
They asked him about the dangers
involved in going to the moon.
653
00:45:03,116 --> 00:45:04,910
it will not delay the program.
654
00:45:05,285 --> 00:45:07,913
The conquest of space
is worth the risk of life.
655
00:45:08,622 --> 00:45:12,542
Our God-given curiosity will force us
to go there ourselves because,
656
00:45:13,210 --> 00:45:16,796
in the final analysis,
only man can fully evaluate the moon
657
00:45:16,880 --> 00:45:19,216
in terms understandable to other men.
658
00:45:22,594 --> 00:45:24,387
Colonel, at the risk of being gruesome,
659
00:45:24,471 --> 00:45:27,599
we've heard about the fire
from everyone who was there.
660
00:45:28,099 --> 00:45:31,061
Everyone except the astronauts
themselves, of course.
661
00:45:32,354 --> 00:45:34,189
Can you tell us what they went through?
662
00:45:34,773 --> 00:45:36,233
What it was like for them?
663
00:45:36,775 --> 00:45:40,445
I can only tell you what we know,
or at least what we think we know.
664
00:45:41,613 --> 00:45:42,614
Uh...
665
00:45:42,697 --> 00:45:46,534
When it happened, they were
just waiting for the test to resume.
666
00:45:57,170 --> 00:46:00,632
How are we gonna get to the moon if we
can't talk between three buildings?
667
00:46:02,300 --> 00:46:04,135
[indistinct radio chatter]
668
00:46:04,219 --> 00:46:07,013
I can't hear a thing you're saying.
Jesus Christ.
669
00:46:07,097 --> 00:46:09,391
I said, how are we gonna get to the moon
670
00:46:09,474 --> 00:46:12,143
if we can't talk
between two or three buildings?
671
00:46:12,227 --> 00:46:13,645
[radio crackling]
672
00:46:17,941 --> 00:46:20,235
They wouldn't have seen the spark
that started the fire
673
00:46:20,318 --> 00:46:23,905
because it was behind a panel door
down below Gus's feet.
674
00:46:24,531 --> 00:46:26,032
Because of the oxygen,
675
00:46:26,116 --> 00:46:30,453
the spark was able to jump out
to the nylon netting under the seats.
676
00:46:30,537 --> 00:46:33,498
Gus probably saw it first
because it was closest to him.
677
00:46:35,667 --> 00:46:36,668
Fire!
678
00:46:37,585 --> 00:46:39,296
We got a fire in the cockpit!
679
00:46:40,547 --> 00:46:44,384
The procedure would have had
Gus push down Ed's headrest
680
00:46:44,843 --> 00:46:47,262
so that Ed could start
turning the latch handle.
681
00:46:50,682 --> 00:46:52,100
We got a bad fire!
682
00:47:10,994 --> 00:47:12,329
We're burning up!
683
00:47:13,538 --> 00:47:17,083
[Borman] By now, the, uh, temperature
and the pressure were astronomical.
684
00:47:19,044 --> 00:47:20,045
Let's get out!
685
00:47:30,055 --> 00:47:32,807
[breathing heavily, clock ticking]
686
00:47:36,353 --> 00:47:38,772
[flames roaring]
687
00:47:50,784 --> 00:47:52,118
Now...
688
00:47:53,286 --> 00:47:57,290
it just took me a minute or more
to tell you all that.
689
00:47:58,917 --> 00:48:03,338
In actuality, from the first mention
of the fire to the rupture of the hull,
690
00:48:03,421 --> 00:48:05,048
only 15 seconds went by.
691
00:48:11,137 --> 00:48:14,057
Colonel, what caused the fire?
692
00:48:14,140 --> 00:48:17,060
I'm not talking about wires and oxygen.
693
00:48:17,936 --> 00:48:22,148
It seems that some people think
that NASA pressured North American
694
00:48:22,232 --> 00:48:25,193
to meet unrealistic
and arbitrary deadlines.
695
00:48:25,276 --> 00:48:29,531
And that in turn, North American
allowed safety to be compromised.
696
00:48:30,657 --> 00:48:33,368
I won't deny that there's been pressure
to meet deadlines.
697
00:48:34,119 --> 00:48:36,538
But safety has never been
intentionally compromised.
698
00:48:37,414 --> 00:48:38,832
Then what caused the fire?
699
00:48:41,584 --> 00:48:42,961
A failure of imagination.
700
00:48:44,587 --> 00:48:48,258
We've always known there was
the possibility of fire in a spacecraft.
701
00:48:48,341 --> 00:48:50,885
But the fear was always
that it would happen in space
702
00:48:50,969 --> 00:48:54,180
when you're 180 miles from Terra firma
and the nearest fire station.
703
00:48:54,848 --> 00:48:56,391
That was the worry.
704
00:48:57,475 --> 00:49:00,186
No one ever imagined
that it would happen on the ground.
705
00:49:00,270 --> 00:49:03,857
If anyone had thought of it, the test
would've been classified as hazardous.
706
00:49:04,691 --> 00:49:07,569
But it wasn't.
We just didn't think of it.
707
00:49:09,737 --> 00:49:11,364
Now, whose fault is that?
708
00:49:13,241 --> 00:49:15,034
Well, it's North American's fault.
709
00:49:16,286 --> 00:49:17,787
It's NASA's fault.
710
00:49:18,746 --> 00:49:21,958
It's the fault of every person
who ever worked on Apollo.
711
00:49:23,668 --> 00:49:27,338
It's my fault.
I didn't think the test was hazardous.
712
00:49:28,882 --> 00:49:30,133
No one did.
713
00:49:32,010 --> 00:49:33,386
I wish to God we had.
714
00:49:38,516 --> 00:49:40,685
Now, before we all go home,
715
00:49:41,436 --> 00:49:43,980
is there any statement
you personally would like to make?
716
00:49:46,107 --> 00:49:49,944
I think I'm safe in speaking for
all the astronauts when I say that...
717
00:49:51,362 --> 00:49:53,114
we're confident in our management,
718
00:49:53,698 --> 00:49:55,283
we're confident in our training,
719
00:49:55,366 --> 00:49:57,660
in our engineering and in ourselves.
720
00:49:59,245 --> 00:50:02,790
The real question is,
are you confident in us?
721
00:50:07,587 --> 00:50:09,797
What do you think we should do, Colonel?
722
00:50:12,091 --> 00:50:16,012
I think you should stop this witch hunt
and let us go to the moon.
723
00:50:16,095 --> 00:50:17,347
[applause]
724
00:50:20,475 --> 00:50:21,809
Please.
725
00:50:21,893 --> 00:50:25,688
Please. Senator Mondale, back to you.
726
00:50:27,232 --> 00:50:28,525
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
727
00:50:33,196 --> 00:50:34,739
I have nothing further.
728
00:50:35,615 --> 00:50:36,950
[Anderson] Thank you, Colonel.
729
00:50:38,409 --> 00:50:40,119
[overlapping chatter]
730
00:50:50,296 --> 00:50:52,131
[children playing outside]
731
00:50:58,012 --> 00:50:59,180
Those are beautiful.
732
00:50:59,889 --> 00:51:01,474
Well, thank you, dear.
733
00:51:01,975 --> 00:51:03,142
Who called?
734
00:51:03,977 --> 00:51:05,019
Lee Atwood.
735
00:51:06,479 --> 00:51:07,772
He wants to see me.
736
00:51:08,731 --> 00:51:09,941
On a Sunday?
737
00:51:11,609 --> 00:51:12,944
I think this is it.
738
00:51:15,154 --> 00:51:16,489
[sighs]
739
00:51:22,036 --> 00:51:23,162
[sobs]
740
00:51:26,332 --> 00:51:28,543
I wanted to see it through
to the landing.
741
00:51:31,379 --> 00:51:32,505
Goddamn it.
742
00:51:53,276 --> 00:51:55,403
- [buzzer]
- [woman] Mr. Shea.
743
00:51:57,363 --> 00:52:00,033
- Yeah?
- There's a Mr. Storms to see you.
744
00:52:01,034 --> 00:52:03,119
[thunder rumbling]
745
00:52:03,202 --> 00:52:05,455
Well, they said
I wouldn't have to report to anyone.
746
00:52:05,538 --> 00:52:08,708
The trouble, of course, is
there's no one to report to me either.
747
00:52:08,791 --> 00:52:12,378
- So, what do you do?
- I go to the movies and I go to museums.
748
00:52:12,462 --> 00:52:15,715
There's a lot of damn fine museums
in this town. Did you know that?
749
00:52:15,798 --> 00:52:17,675
Yeah. Oh, yeah. I think I've heard that.
750
00:52:18,509 --> 00:52:21,429
- So, what's next?
- Oh, I'm getting out.
751
00:52:21,512 --> 00:52:23,556
I joined a company in Boston.
752
00:52:23,640 --> 00:52:24,974
How about you?
753
00:52:25,058 --> 00:52:28,144
Well, they moved me over to
the brake yard. I'm still a VP, but...
754
00:52:28,227 --> 00:52:32,023
I still talk with my old buddies
over at the space division now and then.
755
00:52:32,106 --> 00:52:35,943
And, you know, they say that things
have really improved since the fire.
756
00:52:36,027 --> 00:52:38,321
Everybody's working together
better than ever.
757
00:52:38,404 --> 00:52:41,407
There's a whole new sense of purpose,
a sense of relief.
758
00:52:41,491 --> 00:52:42,575
Relief?
759
00:52:43,201 --> 00:52:45,620
Well, everyone knew an accident
was inevitable, Joe.
760
00:52:45,703 --> 00:52:50,083
I know. I talked to some UPI reporters
a couple of weeks before the fire.
761
00:52:51,167 --> 00:52:55,546
I said to them that I believed some kind
of accident was probably inevitable.
762
00:52:56,798 --> 00:53:00,843
I also said I thought it would be harder
on those of us on the ground.
763
00:53:01,594 --> 00:53:04,263
The astronauts are dead, God rest them,
764
00:53:04,347 --> 00:53:08,643
but we have to live with the knowledge
we could've done something different.
765
00:53:08,726 --> 00:53:10,687
There's nothing you could've done, Joe.
766
00:53:12,021 --> 00:53:14,774
I could have been in the cockpit
that day, Stormy.
767
00:53:18,653 --> 00:53:22,323
Why is it every time I say that,
people assume I mean I wish I were dead?
768
00:53:23,574 --> 00:53:26,452
The fire started on the left side
769
00:53:26,536 --> 00:53:28,538
- below Gus's feet, right?
- Yeah.
770
00:53:28,621 --> 00:53:30,623
Well, if I'd been on
the spacecraft that day,
771
00:53:30,707 --> 00:53:32,917
I would've been
lying below the footrest,
772
00:53:33,000 --> 00:53:34,544
right there where it started.
773
00:53:35,128 --> 00:53:37,338
Figure I had a 50-50 chance
of putting the fire out
774
00:53:37,422 --> 00:53:39,716
before it got out of control.
775
00:53:39,799 --> 00:53:43,553
My years in flight test, I saw a number
of crews slam into the desert floor.
776
00:53:45,513 --> 00:53:46,806
Too many.
777
00:53:47,515 --> 00:53:50,935
I love those guys, you know, and each
time that happened, I wanted to die.
778
00:53:51,519 --> 00:53:55,898
But I've learned that
you've gotta let go of the "what ifs."
779
00:53:56,774 --> 00:53:59,652
They're meaningless,
and they'll kill you.
780
00:54:02,113 --> 00:54:03,114
Yeah.
781
00:54:08,870 --> 00:54:11,205
[Shea] it really meant a lot
you coming by, Stormy.
782
00:54:11,289 --> 00:54:14,041
- I know we didn't always see eye to eye.
- Oh...
783
00:54:15,793 --> 00:54:16,878
[chuckles]
784
00:54:18,588 --> 00:54:20,047
I got mine up in the den.
785
00:54:20,131 --> 00:54:23,092
Yeah? I'm thinking about the front hall.
786
00:54:24,844 --> 00:54:26,763
You had to know it was Gus's idea.
787
00:54:35,062 --> 00:54:36,439
Take care.
788
00:54:36,814 --> 00:54:38,316
- Good luck.
- You too.
789
00:54:40,651 --> 00:54:41,652
Bye, Joe.
790
00:54:48,951 --> 00:54:51,746
Okay, well, then that leaves
only one very important thing,
791
00:54:51,829 --> 00:54:54,207
which is, of course,
who's paying for dinner.
792
00:54:54,290 --> 00:54:55,708
North American, I guess.
793
00:54:57,376 --> 00:54:58,836
That didn't take long.
794
00:54:58,920 --> 00:55:01,172
Uh, wait, gentlemen, before we go,
795
00:55:01,255 --> 00:55:03,299
Roger, Ed and I
have a little presentation
796
00:55:03,382 --> 00:55:05,593
we'd like to make
to Joe and Stormy here.
797
00:55:05,676 --> 00:55:08,012
- Oh, yeah?
- It's not a lot.
798
00:55:08,095 --> 00:55:10,223
- Just a little something from us.
- That's very nice.
799
00:55:10,306 --> 00:55:12,433
From us to you.
A little something from the guys.
800
00:55:12,517 --> 00:55:13,893
Plain brown paper.
801
00:55:13,976 --> 00:55:17,146
- I don't know, I'm a little nervous.
- Frightened for my life, why is that?
802
00:55:17,230 --> 00:55:19,649
- Because you know us.
- It's not ticking, is it?
803
00:55:20,149 --> 00:55:22,443
All those designs
for the power steering, I'll bet.
804
00:55:22,527 --> 00:55:23,945
[laughter]
805
00:55:25,446 --> 00:55:27,573
Look at that. Oh, that's great.
806
00:55:27,657 --> 00:55:31,536
Wow. That's very funny, you guys.
Thank you.
807
00:55:31,994 --> 00:55:34,330
- We have absolute faith in you, really.
- Yeah, right.
808
00:55:36,999 --> 00:55:38,959
- [Shea] Thank you.
- Thank you. That's very nice.
809
00:55:40,086 --> 00:55:41,646
"It isn't that we don't trust you, Joe,
810
00:55:41,712 --> 00:55:44,549
but this time
we've decided to go over your head."
811
00:55:52,598 --> 00:55:55,017
I got a call from some woman
at NASA, Deke.
812
00:55:55,101 --> 00:55:57,895
They say they don't want to call it
Apollo 1 because it never flew.
813
00:55:58,688 --> 00:56:01,023
They're gonna call it Apollo 2-0...
814
00:56:01,107 --> 00:56:04,610
Two-oh-four.
That was the internal designation.
815
00:56:05,444 --> 00:56:08,656
It's like they already want people
to forget it ever even happened.
816
00:56:12,660 --> 00:56:15,413
This is the reason
we wanted to see you, Deke.
817
00:56:17,874 --> 00:56:18,875
[chuckles]
818
00:56:19,333 --> 00:56:20,543
Open it.
819
00:56:26,424 --> 00:56:28,134
It's an astronaut pin.
820
00:56:31,971 --> 00:56:35,057
The guys knew you would never get
into space 'cause of your heart problem.
821
00:56:35,808 --> 00:56:37,268
But they wanted you to know
822
00:56:37,351 --> 00:56:40,271
that they considered you
as much of an astronaut as any of them.
823
00:56:42,607 --> 00:56:45,026
They were gonna give that to you
when they got back.
65271
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