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- Charge!
(soldiers war cry)
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(guns firing)
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Come on, boys!
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- McClellan had fresh
troops in reserve.
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Could have used
them to destroy Lee.
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00:00:15,933 --> 00:00:18,633
Instead he let him him escape
over the river to Virginia.
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- We chased him out of Maryland.
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Still a victory.
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Now I can release
the proclamation.
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On the first day of
January, all persons
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held as slaves shall be then,
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thenceforward, and forever free.
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00:00:31,907 --> 00:00:33,197
Where's Lee?
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00:00:33,284 --> 00:00:34,824
- Gettysburg.
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00:00:34,910 --> 00:00:37,370
- It may be the best
chance to destroy his army.
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- One big battle.
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00:00:40,458 --> 00:00:41,488
(guns firing)
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What if Lee is thinking
the exact same thing?
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- [Lincoln] Then we're both
looking at the end of this war.
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One way or the other.
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- [Announcer] Ladies
and gentlemen,
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some of you may
have heard of him.
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- [Caroline] His story
has been passed down
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from one generation to the next.
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- Four score and
seven years ago.
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- He felt that democracy in its
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purest form is for all people.
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- All persons held
as slaves shall be
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00:01:10,780 --> 00:01:13,520
thenceforward and forever free.
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- But there's something
deeper than what he did.
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It's about who he was.
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- Lincoln grew up in poverty.
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- Haven't done anything to make
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anyone remember
that I ever lived.
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- He's living proof
that Americans
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can rise from
obscurity to power.
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- With that wit and that
charm and that intellect.
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- It's better to stay
silent and be thought
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a fool than to speak up
and remove all doubt.
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- He has this deep
sense of empathy.
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- He takes the Declaration
of Independence.
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- All men are created equal.
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- And turns it into a
nation's moral compass.
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(glass breaking)
(men shouting)
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- As the country
is breaking apart,
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there's a turning point where
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he's gonna have to take a stand.
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- Charge!
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- Blood will be on your hands!
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- Blood is already on my hands!
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- He had to learn how to
be a commander in chief.
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- We can't have a
war on two fronts.
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- He was willing to admit
he was wrong and to change.
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- We can attack immediately.
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- [Historian] He was the right
person at the right time.
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- If we let this stand
for one minute longer
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we might as well say
goodbye to the whole thing.
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Union.
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Democracy.
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All of it.
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(dramatic sting)
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(tense music)
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- In 1863, Lee
swings north again.
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What he hoped was that
having moved swiftly
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into Pennsylvania, the Union
Army would play catch up
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00:02:54,925 --> 00:02:57,965
in a disorganized and
bedraggled fashion.
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00:02:58,095 --> 00:02:59,335
And then he would have them.
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00:03:00,931 --> 00:03:04,311
- When Lee crossed into
Maryland and then Pennsylvania,
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Lincoln was ecstatic that
Lee was in Union territory
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because he said this is
our chance to bag Lee.
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00:03:11,275 --> 00:03:14,135
Lincoln believes that
destroying that army
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would in effect destroy
the Confederacy.
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- By the end of the
day on July 1st,
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on the Gettysburg battlefield,
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the Union Army had taken
a real shellacking.
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(clicking)
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(soldiers rallying)
(bombs exploding)
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- Where the hell is Sickles
and the Third Corps?
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Find them!
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- Yes sir.
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- Move!
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- From General Warren.
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- Give it here, give it here!
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- On the morning
of July 2nd, 1863,
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Robert E. Lee makes
the decision to test
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00:03:54,067 --> 00:03:56,737
both flanks of the Union
Army of the Potomac.
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00:03:56,820 --> 00:03:58,900
At a place called
Little Round Top.
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00:03:58,989 --> 00:04:00,699
- And on the second day of
the Battle of Gettysburg
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00:04:00,824 --> 00:04:03,024
Meade sends General Dan Sickle's
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Third Corps off
to the left flank.
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00:04:05,454 --> 00:04:07,544
- Sickles moved his corps and it
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00:04:07,665 --> 00:04:09,825
created a gap in the Union line.
93
00:04:09,917 --> 00:04:12,327
This opening creates
this existential threat.
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00:04:18,968 --> 00:04:20,548
- Brigadier General Warren fears
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Little Round Top may be exposed.
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- What does that
mean for the line?
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- If Lee's army takes that hill.
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We might not stand a chance.
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- During Gettysburg,
Abraham Lincoln
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00:04:42,283 --> 00:04:45,123
almost lived in the
war department offices
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close to the
telegraph operators.
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00:04:47,538 --> 00:04:51,738
He was about as closely
involved in monitoring
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the operations of
an army in the field
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as maybe any president
had ever been.
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00:04:58,007 --> 00:05:01,927
- You wonder what Lincoln
had to shore him up
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00:05:02,052 --> 00:05:05,512
emotionally and psychologically.
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As he went through all
these different decisions
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he had to make and the
crisis that took place.
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- Do you have news?
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- Not of the battle.
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00:05:17,985 --> 00:05:19,185
Mr. President.
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- Reinforcements have been
sent to Little Round Top.
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- We don't know how old
that information is.
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We have to wait and see.
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- Mr. President.
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Mr. President,
it's Mrs. Lincoln.
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She was in the
presidential carriage.
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They were going
downhill when the seat
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came loose and
they lost control.
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- Is she all right?
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- She had to jump
from the carriage.
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It's a head injury.
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It looks like somebody
removed the screws that fasten
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the driver's seat to the
body of the carriage.
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Somebody was trying
to kill you, sir.
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- [Operator] This is
from General Meade.
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00:06:04,573 --> 00:06:05,863
- Mrs. Pomeroy's tending to her.
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Shall I tell her
you'll be around?
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- They still got the hill.
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- [Messenger] Mr. President.
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- Tell Mrs. Lincoln I'm sorry.
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I can't possibly leave now.
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Ask Robert to go to her.
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- All hell seemed to
be breaking loose.
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Lincoln was faced
with the consequences
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that someone had tampered with
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the carriage in
order to do him in,
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and his wife had become
collateral damage.
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00:06:46,615 --> 00:06:48,235
- On the third day of
the Battle of Gettysburg,
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Robert E. Lee would
launch his 12,500 men
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across nearly a mile wide field.
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And they would strike
the Union position.
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- This comes to be known
as Pickett's Charge.
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It becomes a huge bloodletting.
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The casualties mount for both
Confederate and Union armies
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00:07:05,300 --> 00:07:08,890
as Lee's men are storming
the center of the Union line.
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- On and on it went.
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Confusion, no
certain information.
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Through July 2nd.
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Through July 3rd.
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00:07:19,982 --> 00:07:22,892
- And while the Battle of
Gettysburg is going on,
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Ulysses S. Grant
is now laying siege
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to the Confederate Army
inside of Vicksburg.
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- [Caroline] Vicksburg
was the last portion
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of the Mississippi River
the Confederates still held.
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- Everybody knows the importance
of the Mississippi River
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00:07:35,539 --> 00:07:37,409
for commerce and
military movements.
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And the primary goal of
the Vicksburg campaign
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is to open the
Mississippi River.
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On July 3rd Lincoln will
stay at the telegraph office.
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Spending all night waiting
on reports from the army.
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(telegraph machine tapping)
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- It's from General Meade.
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"The battle has been
successfully concluded.
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"Lee's retreating."
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(group cheers and applauds)
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- After Gettysburg, Lincoln
is thrilled with Meade.
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Here we've had the
first decisive victory
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for the Army of the
Potomac over Lee's army.
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This is a victory in
no uncertain terms.
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Unlike Antietam,
it is clear that
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the Union Army has
won this battle.
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- The patriotism and
cheers going in offices.
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And in Washington, DC hardly
any work gets done that day.
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The president gets serenaded
at the white house.
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The idea that if
it isn't the end,
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it is the beginning of the end,
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this is prevailing
throughout the north.
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- Gettysburg has been
the largest battle
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of the war up until that time,
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00:09:09,550 --> 00:09:12,050
will remain the largest
battle of the war.
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Somewhere around
50,000 casualties.
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00:09:15,472 --> 00:09:19,522
Lee has lost a third of his
army on this venture north.
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00:09:20,561 --> 00:09:23,271
And he has clearly
been defeated.
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00:09:25,107 --> 00:09:26,977
- Send this message
to General Meade.
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Go after Lee's army now.
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While they're vulnerable.
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Imperative you attack before
they cross the Potomac.
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00:09:38,829 --> 00:09:41,199
- Lincoln believes
that the aftermath
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of Gettysburg could
have been the end
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of the army in
Northern Virginia.
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- [Thomas] Papa!
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- How's mother?
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00:09:57,764 --> 00:09:59,064
- It was a terrible fall.
195
00:10:00,183 --> 00:10:01,523
She's been asking for you.
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00:10:03,854 --> 00:10:05,984
So we've won at Gettysburg?
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00:10:07,774 --> 00:10:08,484
- Yes.
198
00:10:09,693 --> 00:10:11,153
But there's much work ahead.
199
00:10:13,447 --> 00:10:15,987
(tense music)
200
00:10:21,622 --> 00:10:22,502
- You're here.
201
00:10:27,669 --> 00:10:30,459
I overheard the doctor
speaking to Mrs. Pomeroy.
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00:10:31,590 --> 00:10:33,590
Is it true that someone
was trying to hurt you?
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00:10:37,512 --> 00:10:38,602
- Don't you worry.
204
00:10:40,223 --> 00:10:41,683
You need to rest.
205
00:10:43,393 --> 00:10:44,933
- Is your life in danger?
206
00:10:47,189 --> 00:10:49,229
(knocking)
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00:10:49,316 --> 00:10:50,016
- Mrs. Lincoln.
208
00:10:51,151 --> 00:10:52,981
I'm sorry to interrupt.
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00:10:53,070 --> 00:10:53,940
Sir.
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I just received a message
from General Grant.
211
00:11:02,537 --> 00:11:04,447
Pemberton surrendered.
212
00:11:04,539 --> 00:11:05,869
Vicksburg is ours.
213
00:11:09,086 --> 00:11:09,826
- That's great news.
214
00:11:09,920 --> 00:11:10,670
That's great.
215
00:11:12,214 --> 00:11:14,294
Well we must congratulate Grant.
216
00:11:14,383 --> 00:11:15,973
I had my doubts, but he done it.
217
00:11:17,260 --> 00:11:18,460
Any word from Meade?
218
00:11:18,553 --> 00:11:19,723
- Progress is slow.
219
00:11:20,597 --> 00:11:21,887
- He can't let Lee retreat now.
220
00:11:23,725 --> 00:11:26,135
If Meade completes the work
the rebellion will be over.
221
00:11:26,269 --> 00:11:27,689
He has orders to
attack now doesn't he?
222
00:11:27,771 --> 00:11:29,231
- Those are the orders.
223
00:11:35,112 --> 00:11:37,402
- Please stay with your mother.
224
00:11:45,622 --> 00:11:46,832
You must rest.
225
00:11:53,964 --> 00:11:56,514
- He learns of the
capitulation of Vicksburg
226
00:11:56,633 --> 00:11:58,833
the same day as the last
battle of Gettysburg.
227
00:11:58,927 --> 00:12:01,507
- You can just see the
joy on Lincoln's face
228
00:12:01,638 --> 00:12:04,508
when he gets the news of
Vicksburg on top of Gettysburg.
229
00:12:04,599 --> 00:12:05,519
And he said it
couldn't be better.
230
00:12:05,642 --> 00:12:07,682
It just couldn't be better.
231
00:12:07,769 --> 00:12:11,509
- Lincoln had said early
on Vicksburg is the key.
232
00:12:11,606 --> 00:12:13,516
The war can never be
brought to a close
233
00:12:13,650 --> 00:12:15,690
until that key is in our pocket.
234
00:12:15,819 --> 00:12:20,349
Ulysses S. Grant delivered
the key to Lincoln.
235
00:12:20,449 --> 00:12:22,319
- This is a turning
point in the war.
236
00:12:22,409 --> 00:12:23,359
Vicksburg and Gettysburg,
237
00:12:23,452 --> 00:12:25,362
it's the high tide
of the Confederacy.
238
00:12:25,454 --> 00:12:26,414
Never again would they
have that much initiative,
239
00:12:26,496 --> 00:12:27,696
never again when they
have that much momentum,
240
00:12:27,789 --> 00:12:29,859
never again would they
have that much numbers.
241
00:12:29,958 --> 00:12:32,998
- After the victory at
Gettysburg, Lincoln just assumed
242
00:12:33,086 --> 00:12:34,876
that General Meade
would be able to capture
243
00:12:35,005 --> 00:12:37,665
General Lee's army and
the war would be over.
244
00:12:37,758 --> 00:12:39,368
And telegrams had
been sent to him
245
00:12:39,468 --> 00:12:42,208
to make sure that Lee's
army doesn't escape.
246
00:12:42,304 --> 00:12:44,854
- George Gordon Meade
has filled almost every
247
00:12:44,931 --> 00:12:47,381
branch in the army
except for the calvary.
248
00:12:47,476 --> 00:12:48,976
Arguably one of the
most qualified
249
00:12:49,060 --> 00:12:51,730
people to lead an army.
250
00:12:51,855 --> 00:12:54,555
- But George Meade
is a cautious man,
251
00:12:54,649 --> 00:12:59,229
so his pursuit of
Lee is careful.
252
00:12:59,321 --> 00:13:03,401
When Lee's army retreats to
the Potomac at Williamsport,
253
00:13:03,492 --> 00:13:08,242
he finds the Potomac has been
swollen by incessant floods.
254
00:13:08,371 --> 00:13:10,461
And Lee suddenly realized he had
255
00:13:10,540 --> 00:13:12,570
no way to get across the river.
256
00:13:12,667 --> 00:13:14,457
The Army of the
Potomac could close in
257
00:13:14,544 --> 00:13:16,634
on him here and crush him.
258
00:13:16,713 --> 00:13:21,673
(thunder booming)
(tense music)
259
00:13:25,555 --> 00:13:26,505
- General.
260
00:13:27,682 --> 00:13:30,932
- I've got orders from
Washington to march on Lee.
261
00:13:32,187 --> 00:13:33,807
But I won't do the damn
thing unless we can
262
00:13:33,897 --> 00:13:36,817
agree here we have a
fighting chance to beat him.
263
00:13:36,900 --> 00:13:38,020
- His army's whipped.
264
00:13:38,985 --> 00:13:39,725
Most are wounded.
265
00:13:39,820 --> 00:13:40,780
We can take him.
266
00:13:40,904 --> 00:13:43,074
- General, a wet deserter
told us Lee's army's
267
00:13:43,156 --> 00:13:45,906
still mostly intact with
plenty of fight left in it.
268
00:13:45,992 --> 00:13:48,082
Probably planning a
counterattack right now.
269
00:13:48,161 --> 00:13:51,791
- He probably planted that
deserter just to buy time.
270
00:13:51,915 --> 00:13:52,955
Backs to the river.
271
00:13:53,083 --> 00:13:54,083
Strapped.
272
00:13:54,167 --> 00:13:55,617
- That could be for us.
273
00:13:55,710 --> 00:13:56,710
- All right.
274
00:13:58,338 --> 00:13:59,588
We'll hold off for now.
275
00:13:59,673 --> 00:14:00,293
- But General--
276
00:14:00,382 --> 00:14:01,342
- I said we'll hold off!
277
00:14:05,095 --> 00:14:05,965
- General.
278
00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:20,150
- What is Meade talking about?
279
00:14:21,444 --> 00:14:24,154
He says he'll attack
the enemy tomorrow.
280
00:14:24,239 --> 00:14:25,989
Unless something intervenes?
281
00:14:28,285 --> 00:14:30,115
This is the time.
282
00:14:30,203 --> 00:14:31,703
He can't let Lee get away.
283
00:14:35,709 --> 00:14:38,659
- But Meade does not
arrive at Williamsport
284
00:14:38,753 --> 00:14:40,803
for a number of days.
285
00:14:40,881 --> 00:14:43,461
(tense music)
286
00:15:24,507 --> 00:15:26,377
And when on the
morning of July 14th
287
00:15:26,509 --> 00:15:28,039
he is finally
ready to attack Lee
288
00:15:28,136 --> 00:15:31,676
he finds that in the
night Lee, his engineers
289
00:15:31,765 --> 00:15:34,515
have improvised, the
pontoons, the bridges,
290
00:15:34,601 --> 00:15:39,561
the materials, have slipped
away across the Potomac
291
00:15:39,689 --> 00:15:43,569
back into Maryland,
back into Virginia.
292
00:15:44,611 --> 00:15:45,491
And they're gone.
293
00:15:54,371 --> 00:15:55,371
- Lee was entrenched, all right.
294
00:15:55,455 --> 00:15:57,065
Now he's gone.
295
00:15:57,165 --> 00:15:58,995
His army escaped
across the Potomac.
296
00:16:00,710 --> 00:16:02,240
- Meade had him in his grasp.
297
00:16:02,337 --> 00:16:03,417
How could that be?
298
00:16:03,546 --> 00:16:06,256
- He says they've driven
the invader from our soil.
299
00:16:06,383 --> 00:16:08,883
- "Driven the invader
from our soil"?
300
00:16:10,345 --> 00:16:13,545
Will our generals never get
that idea out of their heads?
301
00:16:14,391 --> 00:16:16,721
The whole country is our soil.
302
00:16:18,103 --> 00:16:19,733
(sighs)
303
00:16:23,358 --> 00:16:24,268
What does it mean?
304
00:16:27,529 --> 00:16:28,359
McClellan.
305
00:16:29,322 --> 00:16:30,612
And now Meade.
306
00:16:33,702 --> 00:16:35,122
There's bad faith somewhere.
307
00:16:36,663 --> 00:16:38,613
Our army held the
war in the hollow
308
00:16:38,707 --> 00:16:41,037
of their hand and yet
they would not close it.
309
00:16:42,585 --> 00:16:45,125
(tense music)
310
00:16:50,301 --> 00:16:53,141
(dramatic music)
311
00:17:17,454 --> 00:17:19,544
I need a second opinion.
312
00:17:23,710 --> 00:17:25,000
"General Meade.
313
00:17:25,962 --> 00:17:28,002
"I am very, very grateful
314
00:17:29,132 --> 00:17:31,672
"for the magnificent
success at Gettysburg.
315
00:17:33,094 --> 00:17:36,514
"But I am also
immeasurably distressed.
316
00:17:37,807 --> 00:17:42,557
"By the magnitude of misfortune
involved in Lee's escape.
317
00:17:44,272 --> 00:17:47,402
"He was within your easy
grasp, and to have closed
318
00:17:47,484 --> 00:17:49,734
"upon him would in
connection with our
319
00:17:49,819 --> 00:17:52,069
"other late successes
have ended the war.
320
00:17:54,491 --> 00:17:58,371
"As it is, the war will be
prolonged indefinitely."
321
00:18:08,838 --> 00:18:10,708
Meade was like an
old woman trying
322
00:18:10,840 --> 00:18:13,090
to shoot the rebels
across a crick.
323
00:18:13,176 --> 00:18:14,426
That's not how we win this war.
324
00:18:17,097 --> 00:18:20,467
- "As it is, the war will
be prolonged indefinitely."
325
00:18:22,852 --> 00:18:24,692
It's very...
326
00:18:24,771 --> 00:18:27,441
Well, direct.
327
00:18:27,524 --> 00:18:31,404
- There's 50,000 casualties
at Gettysburg alone.
328
00:18:31,528 --> 00:18:32,238
50,000.
329
00:18:33,321 --> 00:18:34,821
- More of them on their side.
330
00:18:35,740 --> 00:18:37,240
- They are all Americans.
331
00:18:39,702 --> 00:18:40,832
- Meade did win the battle.
332
00:18:43,706 --> 00:18:47,126
With Vicksburg, things
have shifted in our favor.
333
00:18:49,879 --> 00:18:51,669
- Everybody's sick of this war.
334
00:18:54,425 --> 00:18:56,335
Perhaps because of
my proclamation.
335
00:18:57,470 --> 00:18:58,340
- Yes.
336
00:19:00,723 --> 00:19:04,183
But you will find the
right path forward.
337
00:19:14,154 --> 00:19:15,114
- Don't worry.
338
00:19:17,282 --> 00:19:18,662
I won't send it.
339
00:19:26,207 --> 00:19:28,117
- Lincoln writes
this letter to Meade,
340
00:19:28,209 --> 00:19:30,669
which he never sends,
in which he says
341
00:19:30,753 --> 00:19:32,843
this was your chance,
this was your opportunity.
342
00:19:32,922 --> 00:19:34,632
You had him.
343
00:19:34,757 --> 00:19:38,377
And yet you failed to end
this war at this moment.
344
00:19:38,469 --> 00:19:41,299
He never gave up
the belief that war
345
00:19:41,389 --> 00:19:45,219
could have been ended
in the summer of 1863.
346
00:19:46,394 --> 00:19:48,804
- When he found out that
Lee's army had escaped,
347
00:19:48,897 --> 00:19:51,137
that was one of the
lowest moments of the war.
348
00:19:51,232 --> 00:19:53,482
Because he felt we had
victory within our grasp.
349
00:19:53,610 --> 00:19:55,320
It was in the
hollow of our hands.
350
00:19:55,445 --> 00:19:57,355
And then it meant that
the war was gonna go on
351
00:19:57,447 --> 00:19:59,987
month after month,
year after year.
352
00:20:00,116 --> 00:20:03,366
- McClellan had done this
to him after Antietam.
353
00:20:03,453 --> 00:20:05,543
He didn't want to see
Meade do it to him.
354
00:20:05,622 --> 00:20:08,622
He didn't want to relive
this experience of so many
355
00:20:08,708 --> 00:20:13,748
dead Americans not buying
anything with their lives.
356
00:20:16,132 --> 00:20:19,722
- In the north, there
was initially this idea,
357
00:20:19,802 --> 00:20:22,342
okay, we've got to
maintain the Union.
358
00:20:22,430 --> 00:20:26,220
For most northerners, the
war wasn't about slavery.
359
00:20:26,309 --> 00:20:29,179
There was this idea among
many people in the north
360
00:20:29,270 --> 00:20:31,520
that this is a war we
shouldn't be fighting.
361
00:20:32,941 --> 00:20:34,861
- Lincoln has changed
the character of the war.
362
00:20:34,984 --> 00:20:37,364
Which now becomes
about emancipation.
363
00:20:38,780 --> 00:20:41,570
Along with this idea means
that it also opens up
364
00:20:41,658 --> 00:20:45,578
the opportunity on January
1st, 1863 to now start
365
00:20:45,662 --> 00:20:49,042
to recruit African Americans
to serve in uniform.
366
00:20:49,165 --> 00:20:52,245
That they might fight
for their own freedom.
367
00:20:52,335 --> 00:20:55,195
- Frederick Douglas has been
advocating to allow free men,
368
00:20:55,296 --> 00:20:59,626
and these now contraband
enslaved men, to join the army.
369
00:21:00,677 --> 00:21:02,257
And Lincoln agrees.
370
00:21:02,345 --> 00:21:05,045
So the emancipation
proclamation actually
371
00:21:05,139 --> 00:21:08,429
establishes the United
States colored troops.
372
00:21:08,518 --> 00:21:12,388
Lincoln is moved to
understanding and belief
373
00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:15,820
in what the nation could
and should be despite
374
00:21:15,900 --> 00:21:19,990
his own prejudices and
concerns when he starts.
375
00:21:20,071 --> 00:21:23,991
He is wise enough to
know that he has them.
376
00:21:25,159 --> 00:21:27,619
And wise enough to
know that his nation
377
00:21:27,704 --> 00:21:29,794
needs to move beyond them.
378
00:21:29,872 --> 00:21:33,292
The fear is if we have
trained black men,
379
00:21:33,376 --> 00:21:37,246
who then have the potential
to train other black men,
380
00:21:37,380 --> 00:21:40,760
we have insurrection and
that's how the south viewed it.
381
00:21:40,883 --> 00:21:42,933
When they sent their response
382
00:21:43,052 --> 00:21:45,182
to the emancipation
proclamation,
383
00:21:45,263 --> 00:21:48,143
they issued it as
you have fomented
384
00:21:48,224 --> 00:21:51,234
insurrection among our Negroes.
385
00:21:51,311 --> 00:21:54,521
Therefore, any slaves
who dared do this,
386
00:21:54,605 --> 00:21:57,395
they were caught, were
gonna be put to death.
387
00:21:57,483 --> 00:22:00,103
- And this led Lincoln
to issue his strong
388
00:22:00,194 --> 00:22:03,074
retaliatory order
against the Confederacy.
389
00:22:04,115 --> 00:22:06,765
- Lincoln made the
decision that for every
390
00:22:06,868 --> 00:22:09,288
black person that was captured,
391
00:22:09,412 --> 00:22:11,612
who was being
executed, that there
392
00:22:11,706 --> 00:22:14,996
would be one Confederate
that had been
393
00:22:15,084 --> 00:22:16,794
captured and would be executed.
394
00:22:17,879 --> 00:22:19,959
- But Douglas is
frustrated that Lincoln
395
00:22:20,089 --> 00:22:23,799
is not really enforcing
his retaliation order.
396
00:22:25,094 --> 00:22:28,184
- Frederick Douglas
understood that black men
397
00:22:28,264 --> 00:22:30,634
would fight with
the power because
398
00:22:30,725 --> 00:22:33,055
they're fighting for
their own freedom.
399
00:22:34,228 --> 00:22:38,308
- But they didn't get
equal pay until 1864.
400
00:22:38,399 --> 00:22:42,029
They were not able to
command their own units.
401
00:22:42,111 --> 00:22:46,031
Those us colored troops
were commanded by white men.
402
00:22:47,408 --> 00:22:50,148
- Douglas was unhappy
about the mistreatment
403
00:22:50,244 --> 00:22:52,084
of black soldiers
in the Union Army.
404
00:22:52,163 --> 00:22:54,793
And so he said I'm gonna go
and talk to the president.
405
00:23:00,713 --> 00:23:04,093
(footsteps approaching)
406
00:23:08,012 --> 00:23:09,892
- [Secretary] Mr. Douglas.
407
00:23:09,972 --> 00:23:11,892
The president will
see you right away.
408
00:23:17,647 --> 00:23:20,187
(tense music)
409
00:23:33,037 --> 00:23:33,907
- Mr. President.
410
00:23:34,914 --> 00:23:36,084
I'm Frederick--
411
00:23:36,165 --> 00:23:37,455
- I know who you
are, Mr. Douglas.
412
00:23:39,627 --> 00:23:40,627
I'm glad to see you.
413
00:23:45,466 --> 00:23:46,466
Have a seat.
414
00:23:49,804 --> 00:23:51,304
I read your recent article.
415
00:23:52,682 --> 00:23:55,932
About the tardy, hesitating,
vacillating policy
416
00:23:56,018 --> 00:23:58,098
of the President of
the United States.
417
00:23:59,647 --> 00:24:03,317
Tardy and hesitating
perhaps, but vacillating?
418
00:24:04,610 --> 00:24:06,560
- I tend to speak my mind.
419
00:24:06,654 --> 00:24:08,744
- Well I admire that.
420
00:24:09,866 --> 00:24:11,616
I expect it's what
you're here for.
421
00:24:11,701 --> 00:24:12,581
- It is.
422
00:24:15,163 --> 00:24:18,753
Mr. President, when I
persuade men to enlist,
423
00:24:18,875 --> 00:24:20,415
I want to do it with my heart.
424
00:24:21,544 --> 00:24:23,424
But I cannot in good
conscience recruit
425
00:24:23,546 --> 00:24:25,336
for the Union Army any longer.
426
00:24:26,632 --> 00:24:28,342
First there was
the issue of pay.
427
00:24:29,218 --> 00:24:31,338
Now the retaliatory order.
428
00:24:31,429 --> 00:24:33,349
And your response?
429
00:24:33,431 --> 00:24:35,101
It's too little too late.
430
00:24:35,224 --> 00:24:37,104
My own sons are
fighting as if they
431
00:24:37,226 --> 00:24:38,846
have halters around their necks.
432
00:24:42,857 --> 00:24:45,857
- I am in a difficult
position, Mr. Douglas.
433
00:24:47,403 --> 00:24:50,073
If I could find the
rebels responsible
434
00:24:50,156 --> 00:24:52,696
for acting out those orders
I could execute them.
435
00:24:55,203 --> 00:24:57,373
But to kill just
any captured rebel?
436
00:24:58,748 --> 00:25:00,658
You'll agree that there's
a difference between
437
00:25:00,750 --> 00:25:04,040
stating a principle and
putting it into practice.
438
00:25:05,546 --> 00:25:07,456
And had I issued
the order any sooner
439
00:25:07,590 --> 00:25:10,550
there would've been a public
outcry against the measure.
440
00:25:12,261 --> 00:25:14,641
But now that the black
soldiers have proven
441
00:25:14,764 --> 00:25:18,394
themselves at Milliken's
Bend and Fort Wagner,
442
00:25:19,810 --> 00:25:21,230
public opinion's changing.
443
00:25:22,522 --> 00:25:25,402
So you see, I had to wait.
444
00:25:28,569 --> 00:25:32,699
- You say all this, but
I hear only one word.
445
00:25:34,158 --> 00:25:35,028
Wait.
446
00:25:36,118 --> 00:25:37,788
Wait for equal pay.
447
00:25:37,870 --> 00:25:39,040
Wait for justice.
448
00:25:40,957 --> 00:25:45,327
When we're done waiting,
what will be left of us?
449
00:25:47,630 --> 00:25:49,050
- You're right, Mr. Douglas.
450
00:25:51,509 --> 00:25:52,589
But you must know.
451
00:25:54,136 --> 00:25:55,046
It will come.
452
00:25:56,138 --> 00:25:59,888
Once I take a position,
I never retreat from it.
453
00:25:59,976 --> 00:26:02,516
(tense music)
454
00:26:16,409 --> 00:26:19,949
(crowd chatter)
(dramatic music)
455
00:26:21,998 --> 00:26:24,288
(crowd applauds)
456
00:26:24,375 --> 00:26:25,665
Hello.
457
00:26:25,751 --> 00:26:26,871
Hello.
458
00:26:26,961 --> 00:26:28,591
Pleasure to meet you as well.
459
00:26:28,671 --> 00:26:30,001
Hello, what's your name?
460
00:26:30,089 --> 00:26:30,839
- Emiya.
461
00:26:30,923 --> 00:26:31,543
- Emiya.
462
00:26:31,632 --> 00:26:32,672
What a beautiful name.
463
00:26:32,758 --> 00:26:33,588
Hello.
464
00:26:33,676 --> 00:26:35,336
How's it's going?
465
00:26:35,428 --> 00:26:36,428
Good to see you.
466
00:26:36,512 --> 00:26:37,432
Hello.
467
00:26:37,513 --> 00:26:38,603
Pleasure to meet you.
468
00:26:38,681 --> 00:26:39,551
Hello.
469
00:26:39,640 --> 00:26:40,710
- You're even taller
than they say.
470
00:26:40,808 --> 00:26:41,888
- And better looking.
471
00:26:44,020 --> 00:26:47,480
I hear you had the rebels
here this past summer.
472
00:26:47,565 --> 00:26:48,725
Did you fight them any?
473
00:26:51,611 --> 00:26:54,071
- I had three sons
fighting them.
474
00:26:55,615 --> 00:26:56,485
- They come home?
475
00:26:57,950 --> 00:26:59,070
- Two of them.
476
00:27:02,997 --> 00:27:03,997
- Thank you.
477
00:27:06,542 --> 00:27:09,672
You have done our
country a great service.
478
00:27:12,340 --> 00:27:13,760
- Thank you.
479
00:27:19,221 --> 00:27:21,811
- Gettysburg will always
remain a kind of,
480
00:27:21,891 --> 00:27:23,921
bright moment for Lincoln.
481
00:27:24,018 --> 00:27:28,758
A great victory just when
it was so badly needed.
482
00:27:28,856 --> 00:27:30,756
And when, in the
wake of the battle,
483
00:27:30,858 --> 00:27:33,358
people at Gettysburg
begin planning
484
00:27:33,444 --> 00:27:35,494
for the creation of
a national cemetery
485
00:27:35,571 --> 00:27:37,821
for the fallen Union
soldiers there,
486
00:27:37,907 --> 00:27:41,077
they extended an invitation
to him to participate.
487
00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:42,440
And he agrees.
488
00:27:42,536 --> 00:27:47,616
Now Lincoln very rarely strayed
outside of Washington, DC.
489
00:27:48,918 --> 00:27:51,498
That he would take the
trouble to come to Gettysburg
490
00:27:51,587 --> 00:27:53,947
to speak said a great deal about
491
00:27:54,048 --> 00:27:57,418
how important Gettysburg
was to him as a symbol.
492
00:27:57,510 --> 00:28:00,840
He arrived there
on November 18th.
493
00:28:00,930 --> 00:28:03,960
Already the town was
swollen with crowds.
494
00:28:04,058 --> 00:28:06,678
10 to 15,000 people packed into
495
00:28:06,769 --> 00:28:10,139
this little town of
no more than 2,500.
496
00:28:10,231 --> 00:28:13,141
A great platform had
been constructed.
497
00:28:13,234 --> 00:28:16,154
And the next day,
crowd formed a great
498
00:28:16,278 --> 00:28:18,948
half circle around the platform.
499
00:28:19,031 --> 00:28:22,371
There was music,
there were choirs.
500
00:28:22,451 --> 00:28:24,541
The United States
Marine band played.
501
00:28:27,581 --> 00:28:29,831
And the master of
ceremonies simply said
502
00:28:29,959 --> 00:28:32,079
"The President of
the United States."
503
00:28:55,776 --> 00:28:59,846
- Four score and seven
years ago, our fathers
504
00:28:59,947 --> 00:29:04,527
brought forth on this
continent a new nation.
505
00:29:05,953 --> 00:29:09,623
Conceived in liberty,
and dedicated
506
00:29:09,707 --> 00:29:13,867
to the proposition that
all men are created equal.
507
00:29:13,961 --> 00:29:17,461
(audience applauds)
508
00:29:17,548 --> 00:29:21,548
Now we are engaged
in a great civil war.
509
00:29:24,180 --> 00:29:28,880
Testing whether that
nation, or any nation
510
00:29:28,976 --> 00:29:33,396
so conceived and so
dedicated, can long endure.
511
00:29:36,025 --> 00:29:38,975
We are met on a great
battlefield of that war.
512
00:29:40,905 --> 00:29:44,555
We have come to
dedicate a portion
513
00:29:44,658 --> 00:29:48,488
of that field as a
final resting place.
514
00:29:49,622 --> 00:29:53,002
For those who here
gave their lives
515
00:29:53,083 --> 00:29:55,003
that that nation might live.
516
00:29:57,546 --> 00:30:01,916
It is altogether fitting and
proper that we should do this.
517
00:30:05,888 --> 00:30:09,918
But in a larger sense,
we cannot dedicate.
518
00:30:10,017 --> 00:30:12,637
We cannot consecrate.
519
00:30:12,728 --> 00:30:15,768
We cannot hallow this ground.
520
00:30:15,898 --> 00:30:20,778
The brave men, living and
dead, who struggled here
521
00:30:20,903 --> 00:30:23,403
have consecrated it far beyond
522
00:30:23,489 --> 00:30:27,279
our poor power to
add or detract.
523
00:30:27,409 --> 00:30:30,449
(audience applauds)
524
00:30:33,707 --> 00:30:35,537
The world will little note,
525
00:30:36,752 --> 00:30:38,542
nor long remember
what we say here.
526
00:30:40,464 --> 00:30:42,884
But it can never forget
what they did here.
527
00:30:43,926 --> 00:30:46,966
(audience applauds)
528
00:30:52,601 --> 00:30:56,401
It is for us the living, rather,
529
00:30:58,274 --> 00:31:03,324
to be dedicated here
to the unfinished work.
530
00:31:04,363 --> 00:31:06,453
Which they who fought here
531
00:31:06,532 --> 00:31:09,492
have thus far so
nobly advanced.
532
00:31:12,037 --> 00:31:17,077
It is rather for us
to be here dedicated.
533
00:31:19,461 --> 00:31:22,001
To the great task
remaining before us.
534
00:31:25,801 --> 00:31:29,931
That from these
honored dead we take
535
00:31:30,014 --> 00:31:34,934
increased devotion to
that cause for which
536
00:31:35,019 --> 00:31:38,189
they gave their last
full measure of devotion.
537
00:31:41,984 --> 00:31:47,524
We here highly resolve
that these dead
538
00:31:47,615 --> 00:31:49,275
shall not have died in vain!
539
00:31:51,285 --> 00:31:54,575
That this nation, under God,
540
00:31:55,706 --> 00:31:57,616
shall have a new
birth of freedom!
541
00:32:00,461 --> 00:32:05,461
And the government of the
people, by the people,
542
00:32:06,842 --> 00:32:11,472
for the people, shall not
perish from the earth.
543
00:32:13,974 --> 00:32:16,984
(audience applauds)
544
00:32:28,072 --> 00:32:33,162
- It's this tiny little
speech, 272 words,
545
00:32:33,243 --> 00:32:35,583
yet it distilled
all of the truths
546
00:32:35,704 --> 00:32:37,124
that he'd been thinking about,
547
00:32:37,206 --> 00:32:39,786
including the tragic
truth that a great
548
00:32:39,875 --> 00:32:42,405
many brave young
men on both sides
549
00:32:42,503 --> 00:32:46,053
killed each other to make
this a better country.
550
00:32:46,131 --> 00:32:48,971
And the best way to
honor their sacrifice
551
00:32:49,051 --> 00:32:53,351
is to recognize that
democracy, in its purest form,
552
00:32:53,430 --> 00:32:58,480
is for all people no matter
what their background is.
553
00:32:59,144 --> 00:33:02,604
- Lincoln took people
to the past, to 1776,
554
00:33:02,690 --> 00:33:04,110
and the Declaration
of Independence
555
00:33:04,233 --> 00:33:06,433
and its proposition.
556
00:33:06,527 --> 00:33:09,817
Then to the present,
to this great Civil War
557
00:33:09,905 --> 00:33:12,765
that we are engaged
in, testing whether
558
00:33:12,866 --> 00:33:15,326
that nation or any
nation so conceived
559
00:33:15,411 --> 00:33:18,611
and so dedicated
can long endure.
560
00:33:18,706 --> 00:33:23,416
And a proposition that
all men are created equal
561
00:33:23,502 --> 00:33:26,452
irrespective of their
birth, their class,
562
00:33:26,547 --> 00:33:29,087
their nation, their
religion, their language.
563
00:33:29,174 --> 00:33:31,884
Can a nation dedicated
to that proposition
564
00:33:31,969 --> 00:33:36,139
really, really
seriously survive?
565
00:33:37,516 --> 00:33:40,966
And with this crucial phrase
"a new birth of freedom"
566
00:33:41,061 --> 00:33:45,361
he was signaling not only the
emancipation proclamation,
567
00:33:45,441 --> 00:33:48,531
but he seemed to be
confessing a new birth
568
00:33:48,610 --> 00:33:51,030
of something inside of him too.
569
00:33:51,113 --> 00:33:54,813
A little bit like a
religious rebirth.
570
00:33:54,908 --> 00:33:58,158
You see a Lincoln who is
dragging his feet about slavery
571
00:33:58,287 --> 00:34:00,247
at the beginning of his
presidency was in fact
572
00:34:00,330 --> 00:34:04,080
promising not to touch
it where it existed,
573
00:34:04,168 --> 00:34:06,458
and was always disappointing
Frederick Douglas
574
00:34:06,545 --> 00:34:11,255
or white abolitionists, is
now moving pretty quickly.
575
00:34:12,634 --> 00:34:14,724
- Lincoln has changed
the character of the war.
576
00:34:14,803 --> 00:34:17,853
It now becomes an
idea of emancipation.
577
00:34:22,561 --> 00:34:24,061
(dramatic music)
578
00:34:24,146 --> 00:34:26,556
- There were so many people
dying, from being killed
579
00:34:26,648 --> 00:34:30,648
on the battlefield and from
the illnesses that people had,
580
00:34:32,196 --> 00:34:35,356
that there was an aura
of sadness and stress
581
00:34:35,449 --> 00:34:39,159
that Lincoln was under for
the entire time of the war.
582
00:34:40,120 --> 00:34:43,080
- Lincoln is
experiencing the losses
583
00:34:43,165 --> 00:34:47,785
on the southern side of this
equation, in his own family,
584
00:34:47,878 --> 00:34:49,798
because Mary's family
came from the south.
585
00:34:49,880 --> 00:34:53,340
And her people were fighting
on the Confederate side.
586
00:34:53,425 --> 00:34:55,755
Mary's sister Emilie
has lost her husband Ben
587
00:34:55,844 --> 00:34:57,304
whom Lincoln was very close to.
588
00:34:57,387 --> 00:34:59,637
He was in the Confederate
Army, and she comes
589
00:34:59,723 --> 00:35:03,353
to visit Washington
in the winter of 1863.
590
00:35:04,728 --> 00:35:08,718
- [Senator] So where are you
visiting from, Mrs. Helm?
591
00:35:08,816 --> 00:35:11,316
- My daughter and I were
living in Selma, Alabama.
592
00:35:12,152 --> 00:35:13,192
- Alabama?
593
00:35:13,278 --> 00:35:14,238
- Yes.
594
00:35:14,363 --> 00:35:17,033
Her husband was
killed at Chickamauga.
595
00:35:17,116 --> 00:35:18,366
- My condolences.
596
00:35:18,450 --> 00:35:20,030
He was a soldier?
597
00:35:21,662 --> 00:35:22,872
- A Confederate general.
598
00:35:27,751 --> 00:35:31,241
- Well I heard we whipped the
rebels so good at Chickamauga
599
00:35:31,338 --> 00:35:33,878
they went running like
scared little rabbits.
600
00:35:33,966 --> 00:35:34,906
(men chuckling)
601
00:35:35,008 --> 00:35:36,578
- Perhaps they were
following the example
602
00:35:36,677 --> 00:35:38,797
of your brave
federals at Manassas.
603
00:35:41,682 --> 00:35:42,722
- Ah, Mr. President.
604
00:35:43,851 --> 00:35:46,851
I see your sister-in-law
has quite a sharp tongue.
605
00:35:47,855 --> 00:35:50,355
- Well she is tired after all.
606
00:35:51,441 --> 00:35:54,361
- But tell me again why
Robert isn't fighting.
607
00:35:56,321 --> 00:35:57,861
- Because I won't let him.
608
00:35:57,948 --> 00:36:00,318
I value education above
all else, General.
609
00:36:00,409 --> 00:36:03,029
- Todds have suffered a
great deal in this war.
610
00:36:03,120 --> 00:36:04,540
- It's not a war.
611
00:36:04,621 --> 00:36:05,501
It's a rebellion.
612
00:36:07,082 --> 00:36:09,212
I only have the one son.
613
00:36:09,293 --> 00:36:10,293
And he's fighting.
614
00:36:11,253 --> 00:36:14,123
Even if I had 20,
they'd all be out there.
615
00:36:14,214 --> 00:36:15,464
Fighting the rebels.
616
00:36:15,549 --> 00:36:18,219
- Rest assured Senator,
if I had 20 sons
617
00:36:18,302 --> 00:36:20,472
they would all be
opposing yours.
618
00:36:21,597 --> 00:36:23,927
You Yankees talk about
freedom, but take ours.
619
00:36:24,016 --> 00:36:27,726
- You rebs talk freedom,
but you keep slaves.
620
00:36:27,811 --> 00:36:30,101
- Honestly, Mr. President,
I don't know why
621
00:36:30,189 --> 00:36:31,939
you let a woman like
this in your house.
622
00:36:32,024 --> 00:36:35,074
- General Sickles, my wife
and I are quite capable
623
00:36:35,152 --> 00:36:37,362
of choosing our own
guests without any help.
624
00:36:39,781 --> 00:36:41,481
- He's able to see what the war
625
00:36:41,575 --> 00:36:42,975
is doing to the Southern people,
626
00:36:43,076 --> 00:36:45,286
to feel that himself,
in a way that
627
00:36:45,370 --> 00:36:46,910
a lot of people in
the border states did
628
00:36:46,997 --> 00:36:49,157
'cause they had families
that were divided.
629
00:36:49,249 --> 00:36:51,159
So that empathy
that he always feels
630
00:36:51,251 --> 00:36:53,591
for other people's points
of view that's in him
631
00:36:53,670 --> 00:36:56,880
as a child is amplified
in a way by having
632
00:36:56,965 --> 00:37:00,255
to experience Mary's pain
when her sister comes.
633
00:37:00,344 --> 00:37:01,894
It just gives him
an extra dimension
634
00:37:01,970 --> 00:37:03,500
that I think allows
him to understand
635
00:37:03,597 --> 00:37:06,307
what's happening on all
sides of the country.
636
00:37:06,391 --> 00:37:08,011
- And Robert from
the very outset
637
00:37:08,101 --> 00:37:09,841
of the war had wanted to serve.
638
00:37:09,937 --> 00:37:13,437
This was a battle between
Abraham Lincoln and his wife.
639
00:37:13,523 --> 00:37:15,403
She had already
lost a son before
640
00:37:15,484 --> 00:37:17,154
they came to the White House.
641
00:37:17,236 --> 00:37:19,516
After she lost Willie
she was even wilder
642
00:37:19,613 --> 00:37:23,023
because Robert, he was
determined to enlist.
643
00:37:23,116 --> 00:37:24,616
Mary put a stop to it.
644
00:37:24,701 --> 00:37:28,031
Told his father he
could not allow this.
645
00:37:28,121 --> 00:37:30,361
- Lincoln is trying
to balance a lot
646
00:37:30,457 --> 00:37:32,747
of different pieces
of the puzzle.
647
00:37:32,834 --> 00:37:35,704
After Vicksburg,
after Gettysburg,
648
00:37:35,796 --> 00:37:38,086
he's elated to some extent.
649
00:37:38,173 --> 00:37:40,713
He sees that it's
possible that the war
650
00:37:40,801 --> 00:37:44,261
may be able to come to an end.
651
00:37:44,346 --> 00:37:46,426
- We tend to think
of the Civil War's
652
00:37:46,515 --> 00:37:48,635
decisive areas as in the east,
653
00:37:48,725 --> 00:37:52,185
but the west arguably
was more decisive.
654
00:37:52,271 --> 00:37:56,021
And out of the west rose
one general, Ulysses Grant.
655
00:37:56,108 --> 00:37:59,388
Grant was almost everything
that McClellan wasn't.
656
00:37:59,486 --> 00:38:01,556
He was very, very aggressive.
657
00:38:01,655 --> 00:38:03,895
Grant believed that
you had to pummel
658
00:38:03,991 --> 00:38:07,161
the south into submission
because they had proven
659
00:38:07,244 --> 00:38:09,624
that they were
not gonna give up.
660
00:38:09,705 --> 00:38:11,735
- Out in the Western Theater,
the Army of the Cumberland
661
00:38:11,832 --> 00:38:13,962
will lose at the
battle of Chickamauga.
662
00:38:15,043 --> 00:38:17,133
They'll be driven
back into Chattanooga.
663
00:38:17,212 --> 00:38:19,462
Confederate Army will
advance and cut them off.
664
00:38:19,548 --> 00:38:21,298
To rescue that army,
the responsibility
665
00:38:21,383 --> 00:38:23,553
is given to Ulysses S. Grant.
666
00:38:23,635 --> 00:38:26,175
He will counterattack and
drive the Confederates back,
667
00:38:26,263 --> 00:38:28,563
now opening an invasion
to the deep south.
668
00:38:28,640 --> 00:38:31,060
Grant's ability to
combine the activities
669
00:38:31,143 --> 00:38:33,643
of three armies together
is really the last
670
00:38:33,729 --> 00:38:35,649
metric that Lincoln needs to go
671
00:38:35,731 --> 00:38:38,101
that's the man we
need to run the war.
672
00:38:38,191 --> 00:38:41,271
And he will bring him
east in March of 1864.
673
00:38:41,361 --> 00:38:42,281
To be anointed the first
674
00:38:42,404 --> 00:38:45,104
Lieutenant General
of the regular army.
675
00:38:45,198 --> 00:38:47,238
The first since
George Washington.
676
00:38:49,369 --> 00:38:50,829
- It's Ohio isn't it?
677
00:38:50,912 --> 00:38:52,542
- [Ulysses] Yes sir.
678
00:38:52,622 --> 00:38:54,212
Spent time in Missouri too.
679
00:38:55,292 --> 00:38:56,122
- Oh.
680
00:38:56,209 --> 00:38:57,499
What did your father do?
681
00:38:58,545 --> 00:38:59,665
- He was a tanner,
Mr. President.
682
00:38:59,755 --> 00:39:00,745
He owned a tannery.
683
00:39:01,840 --> 00:39:03,260
Can't say I liked it much.
684
00:39:04,384 --> 00:39:05,094
The smell.
685
00:39:07,387 --> 00:39:09,257
- Yeah, I shot a
turkey as a boy.
686
00:39:10,766 --> 00:39:12,126
I hated it.
687
00:39:12,225 --> 00:39:13,675
I vowed never to do it again.
688
00:39:15,062 --> 00:39:16,902
So you don't care for
the smell of blood,
689
00:39:16,980 --> 00:39:19,520
and I don't like the sight
of it, yet here we are.
690
00:39:20,609 --> 00:39:21,779
You've worked around
animals, you know
691
00:39:21,860 --> 00:39:23,900
as well as anyone
that a quick end
692
00:39:23,987 --> 00:39:26,477
is far better than a
long and painful one.
693
00:39:26,573 --> 00:39:27,703
Some of my generals don't seem
694
00:39:27,783 --> 00:39:29,373
to understand that philosophy.
695
00:39:30,786 --> 00:39:33,816
Now I've been studying
for a while now, General.
696
00:39:33,914 --> 00:39:36,824
Discuss various plans
with how we can stand.
697
00:39:36,917 --> 00:39:38,537
I'd like to start with
a campaign engagement--
698
00:39:38,627 --> 00:39:40,917
- Mr. President, I appreciate
699
00:39:41,004 --> 00:39:43,134
all this, but I
have my own plan.
700
00:39:44,549 --> 00:39:47,089
We have better numbers,
better artillery.
701
00:39:47,177 --> 00:39:48,547
We control ports.
702
00:39:49,679 --> 00:39:51,719
We're also fighting
for the better cause.
703
00:39:54,142 --> 00:39:57,842
What we must do is attack
from these positions.
704
00:39:57,938 --> 00:39:58,978
All at once.
705
00:40:00,315 --> 00:40:04,015
Army of the Potomac will March
on Lee in Central Virginia.
706
00:40:04,111 --> 00:40:06,781
Butler will move on
in from the James.
707
00:40:06,863 --> 00:40:08,693
Sherman will move into
Georgia and Siegel
708
00:40:08,782 --> 00:40:11,162
will work the Shenandoah
cutting off supplies.
709
00:40:13,078 --> 00:40:13,828
- Yes.
710
00:40:15,539 --> 00:40:17,329
Pin them down on all sides.
711
00:40:17,416 --> 00:40:19,996
Anybody who can't do the
skinning will hold the leg.
712
00:40:21,461 --> 00:40:23,751
- I believe that will give
you the quick end you want.
713
00:40:25,674 --> 00:40:28,884
- Well I have heard promises
before from my generals.
714
00:40:28,969 --> 00:40:30,469
- Maybe so sir, but I mean it.
715
00:40:31,805 --> 00:40:33,375
I have no desire for
this war to go on
716
00:40:33,473 --> 00:40:35,013
a minute longer than it has to.
717
00:40:36,184 --> 00:40:38,184
- Well we have that in common.
718
00:40:40,647 --> 00:40:43,107
I have a feeling I won't
be needing these anymore.
719
00:40:46,027 --> 00:40:47,057
- [Barton] Abraham
Lincoln goes through
720
00:40:47,154 --> 00:40:51,404
six generals before he
finds Ulysses S. Grant.
721
00:40:51,491 --> 00:40:52,901
- They're both from the Midwest.
722
00:40:52,993 --> 00:40:54,283
They're both
incredibly practical.
723
00:40:54,369 --> 00:40:56,039
They quickly adapt.
724
00:40:56,121 --> 00:40:58,621
Ulysses S. Grant is a man
who takes responsibilities
725
00:40:58,707 --> 00:41:01,327
and doesn't ask for any
more than he can give.
726
00:41:01,418 --> 00:41:04,458
I think in that sense they see
the world very much the same.
727
00:41:04,546 --> 00:41:05,956
The idea that
somebody is rebelling
728
00:41:06,047 --> 00:41:07,837
and gonna tear the nation apart.
729
00:41:07,924 --> 00:41:10,424
This Grant has no time for.
730
00:41:10,510 --> 00:41:11,550
Neither does Lincoln.
731
00:41:13,013 --> 00:41:14,923
- Lincoln really appreciated
732
00:41:15,015 --> 00:41:18,725
the way Grant thought about war.
733
00:41:18,810 --> 00:41:21,930
To Grant, it wasn't
a gentleman's game.
734
00:41:22,022 --> 00:41:23,562
The point of war was to win.
735
00:41:25,192 --> 00:41:26,602
- [Barton] Grant
attaches himself
736
00:41:26,693 --> 00:41:27,933
to the Army of the Potomac.
737
00:41:28,028 --> 00:41:29,898
And at the beginning
of May, 1864,
738
00:41:29,988 --> 00:41:32,778
they fight a vicious
battle in the wilderness
739
00:41:32,908 --> 00:41:35,438
of Spotsylvania Courthouse
in Northern Virginia
740
00:41:35,535 --> 00:41:37,785
as Grant begins what becomes
741
00:41:37,913 --> 00:41:39,833
known as his Overland campaign.
742
00:41:50,091 --> 00:41:52,841
(dramatic music)
743
00:42:01,853 --> 00:42:02,813
- Sir.
744
00:42:03,939 --> 00:42:06,269
Should I instruct General
Hancock to fall back?
745
00:42:07,984 --> 00:42:08,984
- No.
746
00:42:10,320 --> 00:42:13,200
We're gonna send his corps in
and assault them at the angle.
747
00:42:14,241 --> 00:42:16,121
- All 20,000, sir?
748
00:42:20,205 --> 00:42:21,075
Of course, sir.
749
00:42:21,164 --> 00:42:22,124
I'll let him know.
750
00:42:23,959 --> 00:42:26,539
And Washington is
waiting for any news.
751
00:42:29,422 --> 00:42:30,212
- I don't have news.
752
00:42:33,885 --> 00:42:36,635
- The president
himself is asking, sir.
753
00:42:53,154 --> 00:42:54,524
- Send this.
754
00:42:54,614 --> 00:42:55,454
- Yes sir.
755
00:43:00,870 --> 00:43:03,030
- [Caroline] In the Battle
of Spotsylvania Courthouse,
756
00:43:03,123 --> 00:43:05,793
there was such a
massive bloodletting.
757
00:43:05,875 --> 00:43:07,025
- [Barton] You see
some of the worst
758
00:43:07,127 --> 00:43:10,037
and most deadly fighting
of the American Civil War.
759
00:43:10,130 --> 00:43:11,210
Hand-to-hand combat.
760
00:43:11,339 --> 00:43:15,009
You have utter viciousness
on a level that had
761
00:43:15,093 --> 00:43:17,973
not been previously even
seen in the Eastern Theater.
762
00:43:21,516 --> 00:43:22,806
- What does Grant write?
763
00:43:24,394 --> 00:43:25,814
Are there many casualties?
764
00:43:27,647 --> 00:43:29,517
- There are a great
many casualties.
765
00:43:32,527 --> 00:43:34,727
And writes he proposes
to fight it out
766
00:43:34,821 --> 00:43:36,951
on this line if it
takes all summer.
767
00:43:42,537 --> 00:43:44,867
But he's not gonna come
back until it's done.
768
00:43:46,082 --> 00:43:48,632
(tense music)
769
00:43:51,338 --> 00:43:54,588
- [Barton] 100,000
casualties roughly occurred
770
00:43:54,716 --> 00:43:57,006
in the span of six weeks' time
771
00:43:57,093 --> 00:43:59,183
between the Union and
Confederate armies.
772
00:43:59,262 --> 00:44:03,562
This brings the northern
war effort to its knees.
773
00:44:05,727 --> 00:44:07,927
- The losses that are suffered.
774
00:44:08,021 --> 00:44:10,601
The casualty figures.
775
00:44:10,690 --> 00:44:14,480
He says "If there is a worse
place than Hell, I am in it."
776
00:44:14,569 --> 00:44:16,739
And he wondered
out loud to others.
777
00:44:18,198 --> 00:44:20,818
Whether he would live
very long beyond the war.
778
00:44:22,035 --> 00:44:24,195
Given how much the war
had taken out of him.
779
00:44:25,497 --> 00:44:28,497
- After the Overland
campaign, Wilderness,
780
00:44:28,583 --> 00:44:32,213
Spotsylvania, North
Anna, Cold Harbor.
781
00:44:32,295 --> 00:44:33,915
This is the campaign
in the Eastern Theater
782
00:44:34,005 --> 00:44:37,335
Lincoln hopes will help him
win the election of 1864.
783
00:44:37,425 --> 00:44:40,175
However, as those casually
lists are going home,
784
00:44:40,261 --> 00:44:42,431
voters are seeing
those casualty lists.
785
00:44:42,514 --> 00:44:44,464
And you'd have to ask
yourself is Lincoln
786
00:44:44,557 --> 00:44:47,297
closer or further from
winning the election.
787
00:44:47,394 --> 00:44:49,104
Arguably he's further.
788
00:44:49,187 --> 00:44:51,397
He can't sustain these
kind of casualties.
789
00:44:52,732 --> 00:44:55,022
- [Mary] Grant sent
those men to their death.
790
00:44:56,277 --> 00:44:58,277
- He's the first real
General I've had.
791
00:44:59,406 --> 00:45:02,196
- So many boys, he
just throws them in.
792
00:45:04,119 --> 00:45:05,819
- That's war, Mary.
793
00:45:05,912 --> 00:45:08,452
- Well then there must be
a smarter way to win it.
794
00:45:08,540 --> 00:45:11,790
To achieve a victory than
through cold-blooded murder.
795
00:45:13,712 --> 00:45:15,462
- What are you
trying to tell me?
796
00:45:17,632 --> 00:45:19,132
- I don't blame you.
797
00:45:21,845 --> 00:45:22,795
- Glad to hear it.
798
00:45:24,973 --> 00:45:28,223
- But I am thinking of all
the young men out there.
799
00:45:30,353 --> 00:45:31,063
And of Robert.
800
00:45:34,315 --> 00:45:35,975
- Is Robert gonna be a soldier?
801
00:45:37,026 --> 00:45:37,726
- No.
802
00:45:39,612 --> 00:45:41,152
I know he'll ask you again.
803
00:45:43,742 --> 00:45:44,872
- And what can I tell him?
804
00:45:46,202 --> 00:45:48,412
Other men in Washington
have sons fighting.
805
00:45:50,832 --> 00:45:55,002
- But other women haven't
lost two sons already.
806
00:45:57,464 --> 00:46:00,474
Please don't let him go.
807
00:46:00,550 --> 00:46:03,090
(tense music)
808
00:46:07,140 --> 00:46:08,310
- The pressures that Lincoln
809
00:46:08,391 --> 00:46:11,061
is under in that
period are enormous.
810
00:46:11,186 --> 00:46:13,346
He couldn't sleep at
night, and his only
811
00:46:13,438 --> 00:46:16,188
solace was to be able
to pardon soldiers.
812
00:46:16,274 --> 00:46:18,484
Somehow by being able
to pardon a soldier
813
00:46:18,568 --> 00:46:21,608
who was going to
be killed or hanged
814
00:46:21,696 --> 00:46:23,446
for having run away from battle,
815
00:46:23,531 --> 00:46:25,531
or having fallen
asleep on picket duty,
816
00:46:25,617 --> 00:46:27,827
he would know the
happiness that the pardon
817
00:46:27,911 --> 00:46:29,871
would bring to his
family and it would give
818
00:46:29,954 --> 00:46:32,744
the soldier a second chance
to get his respect back,
819
00:46:32,832 --> 00:46:35,542
go back in the army, and
have served his cause.
820
00:46:36,878 --> 00:46:39,668
- After Cold Harbor Grant
changes his approach.
821
00:46:39,756 --> 00:46:41,246
Crosses over the
James, will threaten
822
00:46:41,341 --> 00:46:42,921
both Richmond and Petersburg.
823
00:46:43,009 --> 00:46:44,969
It will now have to
turn into a siege.
824
00:46:46,012 --> 00:46:48,472
If he can pin
Robert E. Lee down,
825
00:46:48,556 --> 00:46:49,716
Robert E. Lee who can't maneuver
826
00:46:49,808 --> 00:46:52,258
is not a dangerous
Robert E. Lee.
827
00:46:52,352 --> 00:46:54,812
- Now Lee understands
that he had to do
828
00:46:54,896 --> 00:46:57,426
something to put
pressure on the north.
829
00:46:57,524 --> 00:47:00,774
- [Doug] On June 13th, 1864,
Robert E. Lee unleashed
830
00:47:00,860 --> 00:47:04,100
Major General Jubal Early
up the Shenandoah Valley.
831
00:47:04,197 --> 00:47:06,907
If the Confederates could
threaten Washington DC,
832
00:47:06,991 --> 00:47:09,661
it would force Ulysses S.
Grant to pull Union troops
833
00:47:09,744 --> 00:47:12,504
from their efforts around
Richmond and Petersburg.
834
00:47:13,706 --> 00:47:17,786
- It's a very very scary
moment for the north.
835
00:47:17,919 --> 00:47:20,289
And so Lincoln goes
to Fort Stevens
836
00:47:20,421 --> 00:47:23,961
to inspire not only his
troops, but the north
837
00:47:24,050 --> 00:47:27,510
that was more and
more down on the war.
838
00:47:28,429 --> 00:47:30,099
He really could've been shot.
839
00:47:30,181 --> 00:47:32,351
So for Lincoln to go
up there and actually
840
00:47:32,433 --> 00:47:37,523
expose himself reveals
that old frontier guts.
841
00:47:38,398 --> 00:47:41,268
There was a side of
Lincoln that was fearless.
842
00:47:42,569 --> 00:47:44,779
(gunfire)
843
00:47:46,781 --> 00:47:47,861
- Gentlemen.
844
00:47:52,120 --> 00:47:53,040
Hello boys.
845
00:47:54,080 --> 00:47:54,950
Hello.
846
00:47:56,457 --> 00:47:59,127
- We should be far enough
removed from the rebels.
847
00:48:00,837 --> 00:48:02,877
But we'll start the
battery soon enough.
848
00:48:05,300 --> 00:48:06,170
- Soldier.
849
00:48:06,301 --> 00:48:06,841
- [Soldier] Sir?
850
00:48:06,968 --> 00:48:07,878
- That a Springfield?
851
00:48:07,969 --> 00:48:09,259
- Yes sir.
852
00:48:09,345 --> 00:48:10,545
- 68 caliber?
853
00:48:10,638 --> 00:48:13,428
No, it's the 58
with a rifle barrel.
854
00:48:13,516 --> 00:48:15,336
And it's more accurate
at a distance, sir.
855
00:48:15,435 --> 00:48:16,385
- How accurate?
856
00:48:16,477 --> 00:48:19,347
- You can hit someone
maybe 500 yards, sir.
857
00:48:19,439 --> 00:48:20,179
- That far?
858
00:48:20,273 --> 00:48:20,983
- Yes sir.
859
00:48:21,065 --> 00:48:22,145
(loud explosion)
860
00:48:22,233 --> 00:48:23,683
- For God's sake get down!
861
00:48:23,776 --> 00:48:25,276
- Take off that hat.
862
00:48:25,361 --> 00:48:27,191
(tense music)
863
00:48:27,322 --> 00:48:29,822
(guns firing)
864
00:48:35,830 --> 00:48:36,530
(gun fire)
865
00:48:36,623 --> 00:48:38,083
- Ah!
866
00:48:42,378 --> 00:48:43,708
- Are you okay?
867
00:48:45,506 --> 00:48:46,536
- Mr. President.
868
00:48:46,633 --> 00:48:47,383
- [Advisor] Let's go!
869
00:48:47,508 --> 00:48:48,468
- Come on!
870
00:48:48,551 --> 00:48:49,551
- If you don't come
now I'm gonna order you
871
00:48:49,677 --> 00:48:51,427
an ambulance and
force you outta here.
872
00:48:51,512 --> 00:48:52,682
Please, Mr. President!
873
00:48:52,764 --> 00:48:54,684
- All right, all right!
874
00:49:05,818 --> 00:49:08,278
- Lincoln rides out
to Fort Stevens.
875
00:49:08,363 --> 00:49:11,993
While he is there
Confederate sharpshooters
876
00:49:12,075 --> 00:49:15,275
come from the north and
attack this fortification.
877
00:49:16,412 --> 00:49:18,902
- And bullets were
whizzing by him.
878
00:49:18,998 --> 00:49:22,578
Sanding up as a very tall
target and being possibly shot.
879
00:49:22,710 --> 00:49:25,710
It shows you his
incredible courage.
880
00:49:25,797 --> 00:49:27,747
And that story got out.
881
00:49:27,840 --> 00:49:30,080
And it really inspired
a lot of people
882
00:49:30,176 --> 00:49:33,046
at an extremely low
moment in the war.
883
00:49:34,263 --> 00:49:35,753
- The mood of the
north is really
884
00:49:35,848 --> 00:49:38,718
disconsolate in
the summer of 1864.
885
00:49:38,810 --> 00:49:41,770
Despite the victory in
Gettysburg the year before,
886
00:49:41,896 --> 00:49:44,356
Grant is stuck on
his way to Richmond,
887
00:49:44,440 --> 00:49:47,930
the raid on Washington has
shocked people in the north,
888
00:49:48,027 --> 00:49:50,027
and the Republican
leaders come to Lincoln
889
00:49:50,113 --> 00:49:52,103
and they tell him there's
no way you're gonna
890
00:49:52,198 --> 00:49:54,568
win this election next November.
891
00:49:54,659 --> 00:49:57,659
- There is anti-war sentiment
growing in the north.
892
00:49:57,745 --> 00:50:00,105
Many northern
democrats don't believe
893
00:50:00,206 --> 00:50:02,456
that the war is
worth waging at all
894
00:50:02,583 --> 00:50:05,503
and they certainly aren't on
board with the emancipation.
895
00:50:05,586 --> 00:50:07,336
- [Ted] Henry
Raymond, the chairman
896
00:50:07,422 --> 00:50:11,052
of the Republican National
Committee, goes to see Lincoln.
897
00:50:11,134 --> 00:50:11,884
- Beautiful day.
898
00:50:13,219 --> 00:50:15,009
If the elections
were held today,
899
00:50:15,096 --> 00:50:17,716
you'd be beaten in
nearly every state.
900
00:50:17,807 --> 00:50:20,137
- So these are the glad
tidings that you bring me.
901
00:50:20,268 --> 00:50:21,348
(Henry chuckles)
902
00:50:21,436 --> 00:50:24,596
- There is something you
can do to change the tide.
903
00:50:24,689 --> 00:50:25,769
But you might not like it.
904
00:50:27,191 --> 00:50:28,981
People still believe
the rebels are willing
905
00:50:29,110 --> 00:50:31,530
to negotiate peace with reunion.
906
00:50:31,612 --> 00:50:35,032
The only thing standing in
the way is your emancipation.
907
00:50:35,116 --> 00:50:36,646
- Not true.
908
00:50:36,743 --> 00:50:38,203
Jeff Davis won't
budge on independence
909
00:50:38,286 --> 00:50:39,826
for his Confederacy.
910
00:50:39,954 --> 00:50:41,824
I know that, you know that.
911
00:50:41,914 --> 00:50:43,414
- The people don't.
912
00:50:43,499 --> 00:50:45,079
What if you negotiate that?
913
00:50:45,168 --> 00:50:49,828
Upon restoration of the
Union, war will cease at once.
914
00:50:49,922 --> 00:50:50,842
All remaining questions,
915
00:50:50,965 --> 00:50:54,995
including slavery,
will be resolved later.
916
00:50:55,094 --> 00:50:57,054
- So force Davis to say no.
917
00:50:58,473 --> 00:51:01,673
Then people will see that
emancipation isn't the problem.
918
00:51:01,768 --> 00:51:03,388
- That's the idea.
919
00:51:03,478 --> 00:51:05,898
- Don't think I haven't
thought of that myself.
920
00:51:07,023 --> 00:51:09,153
- Does he always
follow this close?
921
00:51:11,986 --> 00:51:15,566
- Oh, only when I'm with
a suspicious character.
922
00:51:17,784 --> 00:51:20,414
If I turn my back on
the black soldiers now,
923
00:51:20,495 --> 00:51:22,745
I will be damned in
time and eternity.
924
00:51:24,832 --> 00:51:29,092
I understand the political
merits of your idea,
925
00:51:29,170 --> 00:51:31,500
but I will keep my
word come what will.
926
00:51:32,882 --> 00:51:35,422
- Well your word may
cost you the election.
927
00:51:36,219 --> 00:51:38,759
(tense music)
928
00:51:43,810 --> 00:51:45,810
- Henry Raymond says every state
929
00:51:45,895 --> 00:51:47,765
that we need is against you.
930
00:51:47,855 --> 00:51:49,055
You're gonna lose Pennsylvania,
931
00:51:49,190 --> 00:51:50,720
you're gonna lose New York.
932
00:51:50,817 --> 00:51:52,557
You're gonna lose everything.
933
00:51:52,652 --> 00:51:53,822
- There's no way
you're gonna win
934
00:51:53,903 --> 00:51:55,653
the election this
November unless
935
00:51:55,738 --> 00:51:58,448
you are willing to bring
the south to peace talks
936
00:51:58,533 --> 00:52:01,403
on the basis of
restoring the Union alone
937
00:52:01,494 --> 00:52:04,664
and leaving emancipation
for a later time.
938
00:52:04,747 --> 00:52:07,917
- His entire life is now
wrapped up with bringing
939
00:52:08,042 --> 00:52:12,002
this war to a just conclusion.
940
00:52:12,088 --> 00:52:13,838
And the ultimate liberation
941
00:52:13,923 --> 00:52:16,593
of black people
on American soil.
942
00:52:16,717 --> 00:52:20,927
He has climbed a steep
mountain and you can't go down.
943
00:52:21,055 --> 00:52:23,255
All you can do is keep going up.
944
00:52:23,349 --> 00:52:25,389
- Lincoln is getting a lot
of pressure and criticism,
945
00:52:25,476 --> 00:52:27,976
so he calls Frederick
Douglas to the White House.
946
00:52:30,064 --> 00:52:33,274
- The plain truth is that I'm
likely to lose this election.
947
00:52:33,401 --> 00:52:34,821
- Are you so sure?
948
00:52:34,902 --> 00:52:36,992
- The Democrats will
nominate McClellan.
949
00:52:37,071 --> 00:52:40,201
And if he wins, everything
I've done will be undone.
950
00:52:40,283 --> 00:52:43,163
He'll sue for peace and
that'll be the end of the war.
951
00:52:43,244 --> 00:52:45,624
And of emancipation
of your people.
952
00:52:46,747 --> 00:52:48,327
And some people in my
own party would have me
953
00:52:48,416 --> 00:52:51,116
turn my back on emancipation
to win the election.
954
00:52:51,210 --> 00:52:53,420
- Well sir, I can tell you this.
955
00:52:53,504 --> 00:52:54,844
Black soldiers won't fight
956
00:52:54,922 --> 00:52:56,792
if freedom isn't
at the end of it.
957
00:52:56,883 --> 00:52:58,343
- And they shouldn't.
958
00:52:58,426 --> 00:52:59,336
I wouldn't.
959
00:53:00,428 --> 00:53:02,338
Now I want to get as
many slaves as possible
960
00:53:02,430 --> 00:53:04,430
to freedom in the case I lose.
961
00:53:04,515 --> 00:53:06,015
Frankly I was expecting
more to make it
962
00:53:06,100 --> 00:53:08,390
to our lines by now once
the proclamation got out.
963
00:53:08,477 --> 00:53:10,637
- It's a fair bet they
don't know about it.
964
00:53:12,064 --> 00:53:15,114
Masters know how to keep
their slaves in the dark.
965
00:53:16,235 --> 00:53:18,185
- This is exactly
why I sent for you.
966
00:53:20,823 --> 00:53:24,483
I'm asking you organize
a band of scouts.
967
00:53:24,577 --> 00:53:27,317
Something like old
John Brown had in mind.
968
00:53:27,413 --> 00:53:28,493
They could go into rebel states,
969
00:53:28,581 --> 00:53:32,211
encouraged slaves to escape
into our Union lines.
970
00:53:32,293 --> 00:53:34,793
Then we can protect them
once the worst happens.
971
00:53:35,546 --> 00:53:36,296
What do you say?
972
00:53:38,966 --> 00:53:42,126
- Mr. President,
I'm for freedom.
973
00:53:43,137 --> 00:53:44,217
Any way we can get it.
974
00:53:46,933 --> 00:53:50,183
- What came out of that
meeting was Douglas saw
975
00:53:50,311 --> 00:53:53,811
for the first time
Lincoln's hatred of slavery.
976
00:53:55,149 --> 00:53:58,349
- Douglas writes an elaborate
plan about sending an army
977
00:53:58,444 --> 00:54:01,524
of kind of, missionaries
into the deep south.
978
00:54:01,614 --> 00:54:04,624
To spread the word
about emancipation.
979
00:54:04,700 --> 00:54:07,530
Because if a Democrat
wins the presidency
980
00:54:07,620 --> 00:54:10,910
he will cancel the
emancipation proclamation.
981
00:54:10,998 --> 00:54:13,578
- Democratic Party
nominates McClellan.
982
00:54:13,668 --> 00:54:15,918
Good ol' McClellan
comes back to be
983
00:54:16,003 --> 00:54:18,383
his opponent in this election.
984
00:54:18,506 --> 00:54:20,626
And the platform of
the Democratic Party
985
00:54:20,716 --> 00:54:22,586
is really a
compromised platform.
986
00:54:22,677 --> 00:54:24,537
It's almost peace at any price.
987
00:54:24,637 --> 00:54:27,547
- There's more at stake in
this election than there
988
00:54:27,640 --> 00:54:30,430
had been in any other
election up to this point.
989
00:54:30,518 --> 00:54:31,768
- He wanted a second term.
990
00:54:31,852 --> 00:54:34,402
He said he wanted the second
term even more than the first
991
00:54:34,522 --> 00:54:36,052
because it would be
an endorsement
992
00:54:36,148 --> 00:54:37,308
of his administration.
993
00:54:37,400 --> 00:54:40,230
And he could get to finish
the job that he wanted to do.
994
00:54:41,279 --> 00:54:44,559
- And then William
Sherman takes Atlanta.
995
00:54:44,657 --> 00:54:48,157
And suddenly the
northern mood is void.
996
00:54:48,244 --> 00:54:51,124
(loud explosions)
997
00:54:52,540 --> 00:54:55,830
- Sherman broke the
backbone of the deep south.
998
00:54:56,877 --> 00:54:59,167
- The tide turns in
northern public opinion.
999
00:54:59,255 --> 00:55:01,245
And people start to feel
good about the possibilities
1000
00:55:01,340 --> 00:55:03,250
of the war and that
it might end soon.
1001
00:55:03,342 --> 00:55:06,342
- He realizes that the
prospects for the Northern
1002
00:55:06,429 --> 00:55:08,889
victory at that time
were much much greater
1003
00:55:08,973 --> 00:55:10,893
than they had been
in the summer.
1004
00:55:10,975 --> 00:55:13,975
But still, for Lincoln it
was a very anxious moment.
1005
00:55:15,229 --> 00:55:17,149
- If he loses that
election, it would
1006
00:55:17,231 --> 00:55:19,441
be much more than
a personal blow.
1007
00:55:19,567 --> 00:55:22,107
It would be a calamity
for the country.
1008
00:55:22,236 --> 00:55:23,936
And the fear is that
the soldiers have loved
1009
00:55:24,030 --> 00:55:26,820
McClellan all along
and will vote for him.
1010
00:55:29,577 --> 00:55:32,487
- Still nothing from
Grant at Petersburg.
1011
00:55:32,580 --> 00:55:34,110
The siege may take months yet.
1012
00:55:34,206 --> 00:55:35,496
- We need something
big out of Grant
1013
00:55:35,583 --> 00:55:38,173
if we want to win
this damn election.
1014
00:55:38,252 --> 00:55:40,382
I don't like our chances
against McClellan.
1015
00:55:40,463 --> 00:55:41,593
People are fickle.
1016
00:55:41,672 --> 00:55:44,132
Atlanta's already starting
to fade in their minds.
1017
00:55:44,258 --> 00:55:46,338
- I hear my boy Tad
paid you a visit!
1018
00:55:46,427 --> 00:55:48,007
With his pet turkey.
1019
00:55:48,095 --> 00:55:49,845
- Yes sir, that's right.
1020
00:55:49,930 --> 00:55:52,560
Chased that turkey
all over the place.
1021
00:55:52,641 --> 00:55:55,681
- Oh I asked him if he'd
be voting alongside you boys.
1022
00:55:55,770 --> 00:55:57,020
(soldiers laugh)
1023
00:55:57,104 --> 00:55:58,644
- What did Tad say, sir?
1024
00:55:58,731 --> 00:56:01,611
Well he said no pa,
he's not of age.
1025
00:56:01,692 --> 00:56:04,192
(group laughing)
1026
00:56:04,278 --> 00:56:05,438
Thank you boys.
1027
00:56:05,529 --> 00:56:06,029
- Thank you, sir.
- Thank you, sir.
1028
00:56:06,113 --> 00:56:07,203
- Thank you.
1029
00:56:08,574 --> 00:56:10,914
- This is hardly
the time for jokes.
1030
00:56:10,993 --> 00:56:11,953
- I'm not joking.
1031
00:56:13,120 --> 00:56:15,580
We need to make sure
soldiers like those can vote.
1032
00:56:15,664 --> 00:56:18,924
- Sir, just because these
Pennsylvania boys like you,
1033
00:56:19,001 --> 00:56:21,421
they live here, of
course they like you.
1034
00:56:21,504 --> 00:56:22,544
- They believe in the war.
1035
00:56:22,630 --> 00:56:24,210
- Yes, but against McClellan?
1036
00:56:25,299 --> 00:56:27,169
- He did build the
Army of the Potomac.
1037
00:56:27,259 --> 00:56:29,679
- And now he makes a
mistake betting against it.
1038
00:56:30,763 --> 00:56:31,893
Democrats want the war to end
1039
00:56:31,972 --> 00:56:33,892
because they say
we can't win it.
1040
00:56:33,974 --> 00:56:35,474
- Nobody wants to lose.
1041
00:56:38,062 --> 00:56:39,852
Especially the soldier.
1042
00:56:39,939 --> 00:56:42,899
- That's why I want as many
of them to vote as possible.
1043
00:56:42,983 --> 00:56:43,983
I'd rather lose
with those soldiers
1044
00:56:44,068 --> 00:56:47,108
behind me then get
reelected without them.
1045
00:56:47,196 --> 00:56:50,066
- I can wire Sheridan
and other generals.
1046
00:56:50,157 --> 00:56:53,697
Tell them to allow leave to
any soldiers who want to vote.
1047
00:56:53,828 --> 00:56:55,578
- Especially in
the border states.
1048
00:56:57,832 --> 00:57:00,832
Make sure that the furloughs
are granted liberty too.
1049
00:57:02,169 --> 00:57:03,339
- And if you're wrong?
1050
00:57:10,845 --> 00:57:12,675
- They'll never
put us in charge.
1051
00:57:12,763 --> 00:57:14,563
Same as white officers?
1052
00:57:16,350 --> 00:57:17,220
Go home.
1053
00:57:18,269 --> 00:57:19,179
- They might.
1054
00:57:21,313 --> 00:57:23,063
What do you think
about that, James?
1055
00:57:24,150 --> 00:57:26,190
- We're fighting same as anyone.
1056
00:57:26,277 --> 00:57:28,487
No reason why we
shouldn't be commissioned.
1057
00:57:32,366 --> 00:57:33,236
- Corporal James!
1058
00:57:34,785 --> 00:57:35,895
- Sir!
1059
00:57:35,995 --> 00:57:37,365
- You too, Fleetwood and Beaty.
1060
00:57:37,455 --> 00:57:38,785
You got orders.
1061
00:57:38,873 --> 00:57:40,743
Prepare your men to
attack at daybreak.
1062
00:57:40,833 --> 00:57:41,713
- Yes sir!
1063
00:57:43,210 --> 00:57:44,080
Come on men!
1064
00:57:45,671 --> 00:57:49,301
- Grant has laid
siege to Petersburg.
1065
00:57:49,383 --> 00:57:51,083
And Lincoln gives
Grant his orders.
1066
00:57:51,177 --> 00:57:54,217
He tells him to go after
Lee and chew and bite
1067
00:57:54,305 --> 00:57:56,595
and hold on with a
bulldog grip, he says.
1068
00:57:56,724 --> 00:57:59,594
It turns into a major stalemate.
1069
00:57:59,685 --> 00:58:03,095
- Grant's armies are
squeezing the Confederacy
1070
00:58:03,230 --> 00:58:06,150
and trying to get to Richmond.
1071
00:58:06,233 --> 00:58:07,983
- During the Petersburg
campaign,
1072
00:58:08,068 --> 00:58:09,738
General Benjamin Butler
1073
00:58:09,820 --> 00:58:12,450
is one of the first
generals who started
1074
00:58:12,573 --> 00:58:14,993
using black troops to
help in any sort of way
1075
00:58:15,075 --> 00:58:17,605
when they were quote
unquote "contraband."
1076
00:58:17,703 --> 00:58:20,113
So he decides he's going to put
1077
00:58:20,206 --> 00:58:22,366
some of his black
troops front and center.
1078
00:58:23,542 --> 00:58:26,922
- Lincoln has developed
a real appreciation
1079
00:58:27,004 --> 00:58:30,014
of black people serving
in the Union Army.
1080
00:58:30,090 --> 00:58:31,970
He says we will all
remember that there were
1081
00:58:32,092 --> 00:58:34,762
some black men
with their bayonets
1082
00:58:34,845 --> 00:58:36,625
and their steel-hearted
eyes who helped
1083
00:58:36,722 --> 00:58:39,972
mankind to preserve
the Republic.
1084
00:58:40,100 --> 00:58:42,520
- All of them understand
it is their opportunity
1085
00:58:42,603 --> 00:58:45,603
and their moment to
show themselves as men
1086
00:58:45,689 --> 00:58:48,149
worthy of freedom
and citizenship.
1087
00:58:48,275 --> 00:58:50,935
Not just for themselves,
but for their families.
1088
00:58:51,028 --> 00:58:53,698
And that becomes
the driving force.
1089
00:58:53,781 --> 00:58:55,781
- The stakes were
very high because when
1090
00:58:55,866 --> 00:59:00,146
the Confederacy encounters
black Union Army soldiers,
1091
00:59:00,246 --> 00:59:02,986
they don't want to treat
them as prisoners of war.
1092
00:59:03,082 --> 00:59:06,382
They want to treat them
as escaped slave rebels.
1093
00:59:06,460 --> 00:59:08,160
And kill them.
1094
00:59:08,254 --> 00:59:09,964
Or sell them back into slavery.
1095
00:59:11,882 --> 00:59:14,472
(guns firing)
1096
00:59:30,568 --> 00:59:33,108
(tense music)
1097
00:59:42,496 --> 00:59:44,026
- [Beaty] Do you
ever get scared?
1098
00:59:44,123 --> 00:59:45,333
- Leave him be, Beaty.
1099
00:59:46,959 --> 00:59:48,129
- Be stupid not to be.
1100
00:59:50,254 --> 00:59:51,544
- That's what I'm saying.
1101
00:59:51,630 --> 00:59:53,340
I kept thinking
about (indistinct).
1102
00:59:53,424 --> 00:59:55,014
What if I get captured?
1103
00:59:56,302 --> 00:59:57,342
- That's an easy one.
1104
00:59:59,638 --> 01:00:00,798
Don't get captured.
1105
01:00:02,016 --> 01:00:02,886
- Calvary ready!
1106
01:00:03,851 --> 01:00:05,221
Advance!
1107
01:00:05,311 --> 01:00:08,191
(soldiers war cry)
1108
01:00:10,774 --> 01:00:13,324
(guns firing)
1109
01:00:19,867 --> 01:00:23,987
- They are being mowed down
with artillery and gunfire.
1110
01:00:24,079 --> 01:00:26,399
Many of their officers died.
1111
01:00:26,498 --> 01:00:28,408
And when their
officers were killed,
1112
01:00:28,500 --> 01:00:30,420
the sergeants took over.
1113
01:00:35,716 --> 01:00:38,416
- Sergeant Major Christian
Fleetwood would see
1114
01:00:38,510 --> 01:00:41,930
the colors go down, he would
grab them and rally his men.
1115
01:00:42,056 --> 01:00:43,756
First Sergeant Powhatan Beaty
1116
01:00:43,891 --> 01:00:45,761
would take command
of his company.
1117
01:00:45,851 --> 01:00:48,231
His knapsack was shot
off, his hat was shot off,
1118
01:00:48,312 --> 01:00:50,442
the sole of one of his
shoes was shot off.
1119
01:00:56,070 --> 01:01:00,240
Miles James, his arms
mangled by Confederate shot,
1120
01:01:00,324 --> 01:01:02,914
loaded and fired his
rifle with one arm.
1121
01:01:02,993 --> 01:01:05,703
(Miles screams)
1122
01:01:08,874 --> 01:01:11,454
Of the 25 African Americans
that would receive
1123
01:01:11,543 --> 01:01:14,343
the Medal of Honor during
the Civil War, 14 of them
1124
01:01:14,421 --> 01:01:17,291
were awarded at the Battle
for New Market Heights.
1125
01:01:17,383 --> 01:01:18,513
Including Christian Fleetwood,
1126
01:01:18,592 --> 01:01:22,932
including Powhatan Beaty,
and including Miles James.
1127
01:01:23,013 --> 01:01:25,813
- There will be about
180,000 African American men
1128
01:01:25,933 --> 01:01:29,183
free and enslaved who
will join the US Army
1129
01:01:29,269 --> 01:01:32,689
representing about
10% of the army.
1130
01:01:32,773 --> 01:01:35,143
Lincoln even says
that that added
1131
01:01:35,234 --> 01:01:38,814
10% will make the
difference in the war.
1132
01:01:38,904 --> 01:01:40,824
- [Doug] After the battle
for New Market Heights,
1133
01:01:40,948 --> 01:01:42,478
the Confederates
retreat up the road
1134
01:01:42,574 --> 01:01:44,984
and set up another
defensive line.
1135
01:01:45,077 --> 01:01:49,367
And as fall of 1864
approaches, Grant continues
1136
01:01:49,456 --> 01:01:52,166
to be stalemated outside
of Richmond and Petersburg,
1137
01:01:52,292 --> 01:01:53,882
and Lincoln is in
doubt whether or not
1138
01:01:53,961 --> 01:01:55,831
he can win the election.
1139
01:01:55,921 --> 01:02:00,971
(office chatter)
(tense music)
1140
01:02:08,600 --> 01:02:10,840
- [John] From Forney
in Philadelphia.
1141
01:02:10,936 --> 01:02:13,476
Says we're gonna win by
10,000 in Pennsylvania.
1142
01:02:16,150 --> 01:02:17,770
- Forney, he's always excitable.
1143
01:02:21,947 --> 01:02:24,027
- This one says Baltimore
goes Republican.
1144
01:02:25,617 --> 01:02:28,027
That can only mean
you're winning.
1145
01:02:28,120 --> 01:02:29,870
- I'm far from
being certain, John.
1146
01:02:32,458 --> 01:02:34,118
I wish I was certain.
1147
01:02:35,502 --> 01:02:38,302
(dramatic music)
1148
01:02:39,965 --> 01:02:41,875
(chatter)
1149
01:02:47,639 --> 01:02:49,849
- Reilly says we'll
have New York.
1150
01:02:51,310 --> 01:02:52,140
New York.
1151
01:02:55,522 --> 01:02:56,652
And now Indiana.
1152
01:03:00,152 --> 01:03:01,652
You can't deny it.
1153
01:03:02,529 --> 01:03:06,319
(office celebratory chatter)
1154
01:03:13,373 --> 01:03:15,923
- [Office Worker]
Congratulations, Mr. President.
1155
01:03:18,712 --> 01:03:20,252
- [Second Office Worker]
Well done, Mr. President.
1156
01:03:20,339 --> 01:03:24,719
- [Third Office Worker]
Well done, Mr. Lincoln.
1157
01:03:24,802 --> 01:03:26,432
- You did it.
1158
01:03:26,553 --> 01:03:28,423
- We did it, boys.
1159
01:03:28,514 --> 01:03:30,144
- [Office Worker]
Congratulations, Mr. President.
1160
01:03:31,225 --> 01:03:33,475
- [Barton] Lincoln is elected
in an electoral landslide.
1161
01:03:33,560 --> 01:03:36,730
- And he wins with the twin
goals of Union and emancipation
1162
01:03:36,814 --> 01:03:39,984
intact because of his
courage that terrible summer
1163
01:03:40,067 --> 01:03:41,767
when he thought he
might lose the election,
1164
01:03:41,860 --> 01:03:43,110
but was unwilling to sacrifice
1165
01:03:43,237 --> 01:03:44,937
emancipation in order to do so.
1166
01:03:45,030 --> 01:03:45,990
It's a great moment.
1167
01:03:46,073 --> 01:03:50,283
What has happened over
time is that people's
1168
01:03:50,410 --> 01:03:53,610
attitudes toward adding
emancipation as a goal
1169
01:03:53,705 --> 01:03:56,775
to the restoration of
the Union has increased.
1170
01:03:56,875 --> 01:03:59,575
That's what a leader does,
that's what events do.
1171
01:03:59,670 --> 01:04:01,290
That's what movements do.
1172
01:04:01,421 --> 01:04:03,291
They change public sentiment.
1173
01:04:03,382 --> 01:04:05,342
And the extraordinary
thing is that seven
1174
01:04:05,425 --> 01:04:07,625
out of the 10 soldiers
vote for Lincoln.
1175
01:04:07,719 --> 01:04:09,459
They know that they may
be extending the war,
1176
01:04:09,555 --> 01:04:11,625
they know they may be
sacrificing their lives,
1177
01:04:11,723 --> 01:04:13,433
but by then they
believe in the cause,
1178
01:04:13,517 --> 01:04:15,677
they believe in Lincoln,
and they're willing to give
1179
01:04:15,769 --> 01:04:18,769
their lives for the cause
that they now believe in.
1180
01:04:18,856 --> 01:04:20,686
- And a lot of that
comes from the fact
1181
01:04:20,774 --> 01:04:24,324
that he had met these guys
and talked to these guys.
1182
01:04:24,444 --> 01:04:27,954
I don't know that we've
ever had someone leading
1183
01:04:28,031 --> 01:04:31,981
our nation that had the
depth of skill that he has.
1184
01:04:32,077 --> 01:04:35,997
Call it political savvy,
call it statesmanship,
1185
01:04:36,123 --> 01:04:38,043
call it just plain common sense.
1186
01:04:38,125 --> 01:04:39,995
Whatever it is, Lincoln has it.
1187
01:04:40,127 --> 01:04:42,207
And part of that is to show
1188
01:04:42,296 --> 01:04:45,826
his commonness
with the soldiers.
1189
01:04:45,924 --> 01:04:49,004
Show them that he's one of them.
1190
01:04:49,094 --> 01:04:50,974
- After the election,
Sherman is really
1191
01:04:51,054 --> 01:04:53,564
making swift progress
as he and his army
1192
01:04:53,640 --> 01:04:55,930
march across the
south to the sea.
1193
01:04:57,227 --> 01:04:58,977
- [Caroline] And it's there
that Lincoln really sees
1194
01:04:59,062 --> 01:05:01,442
that the end of the
war must be upon them.
1195
01:05:02,566 --> 01:05:04,896
- And he worries that
if the war is over,
1196
01:05:04,985 --> 01:05:08,065
the emancipation proclamation,
which is an executive order,
1197
01:05:08,155 --> 01:05:10,025
may no longer be valid
because he's using
1198
01:05:10,157 --> 01:05:13,357
military necessity as
his cover for doing it.
1199
01:05:13,452 --> 01:05:15,162
And that's when he
begins to champion
1200
01:05:15,245 --> 01:05:18,325
the 13th amendment to
end slavery forever.
1201
01:05:25,213 --> 01:05:28,263
- We need to start thinking
about after this ends.
1202
01:05:28,342 --> 01:05:30,052
- Are you talking to him or me?
1203
01:05:31,219 --> 01:05:32,929
(Lincoln laughs)
1204
01:05:33,013 --> 01:05:34,683
- [Painter] Mr. President,
you must remain still.
1205
01:05:34,765 --> 01:05:36,425
- Yes, of course.
1206
01:05:39,686 --> 01:05:41,346
I'm gonna revisit the amendment.
1207
01:05:44,733 --> 01:05:46,403
- We won seats in the House.
1208
01:05:47,903 --> 01:05:50,613
You have a better chance
now than ever before.
1209
01:05:50,697 --> 01:05:52,857
- I will need to
sway a few Democrats.
1210
01:05:52,950 --> 01:05:55,200
- Why not wait until
the rebellion is over.
1211
01:05:57,579 --> 01:05:58,659
- [Painter] Mr. President.
1212
01:05:58,747 --> 01:05:59,787
- My apologies.
1213
01:06:01,708 --> 01:06:03,118
An amendment to the Constitution
1214
01:06:03,210 --> 01:06:04,580
winds the whole thing up.
1215
01:06:04,670 --> 01:06:05,750
It's done forever.
1216
01:06:07,130 --> 01:06:09,300
We'll need at least
five to go our way.
1217
01:06:10,676 --> 01:06:12,876
- You'll need to offer
them something real.
1218
01:06:15,889 --> 01:06:18,389
- Perhaps I have a longer
reach than you realize.
1219
01:06:19,226 --> 01:06:21,766
(tense music)
1220
01:06:25,774 --> 01:06:28,194
- Lincoln believed that
the founding fathers
1221
01:06:28,276 --> 01:06:32,196
had meant for slavery
to end, but that they
1222
01:06:32,280 --> 01:06:35,410
didn't believe that they
could just end it overnight.
1223
01:06:35,492 --> 01:06:37,242
That it was like a cancer.
1224
01:06:37,327 --> 01:06:39,537
So widespread you
might not be able
1225
01:06:39,621 --> 01:06:42,371
to cut it out without
damaging the patient,
1226
01:06:42,457 --> 01:06:45,447
but you can find
ways to contain it.
1227
01:06:45,544 --> 01:06:48,844
But by this time he's not asking
1228
01:06:48,922 --> 01:06:50,842
for the consent of the people.
1229
01:06:50,924 --> 01:06:52,964
He's not asking
for colonization.
1230
01:06:53,051 --> 01:06:55,841
He's not asking for
anything gradual.
1231
01:06:55,929 --> 01:06:59,219
- Lincoln knew that saying
now the war is over,
1232
01:06:59,307 --> 01:07:03,797
you guys go back, be
slaves, was a nonstarter.
1233
01:07:03,895 --> 01:07:05,845
That the emancipation
proclamation
1234
01:07:05,939 --> 01:07:07,859
was a fit and
necessary war measure,
1235
01:07:07,941 --> 01:07:12,071
but when the war was over it
was no longer a legal measure.
1236
01:07:12,154 --> 01:07:14,244
- And this is why you
need the 13th amendment.
1237
01:07:14,322 --> 01:07:16,492
You have to change
the Constitution.
1238
01:07:16,616 --> 01:07:20,616
- You've got almost
four million people
1239
01:07:20,704 --> 01:07:23,994
who are enslaved, and there
was nothing to prevent
1240
01:07:24,082 --> 01:07:28,162
southerners from
re-establishing slavery
1241
01:07:28,253 --> 01:07:31,883
in the south unless this
13th amendment was issued.
1242
01:07:31,965 --> 01:07:33,825
He realized that something had
1243
01:07:33,925 --> 01:07:36,335
to be done that was permanent.
1244
01:07:36,470 --> 01:07:39,760
And so he is determined
that this amendment
1245
01:07:39,848 --> 01:07:42,168
is going to pass Congress.
1246
01:07:42,267 --> 01:07:43,177
And it does.
1247
01:07:44,478 --> 01:07:47,678
- He came to recognize
the inconsistency
1248
01:07:47,773 --> 01:07:51,443
that a nation conceived in
liberty would have slavery.
1249
01:07:51,526 --> 01:07:54,936
- To the extent that America
has any kind of standing
1250
01:07:55,030 --> 01:07:58,410
in the world now is in
part the consequence
1251
01:07:58,492 --> 01:08:03,292
of people knowing about
Lincoln and his views
1252
01:08:03,371 --> 01:08:06,411
on slavery and his
views on freedom.
1253
01:08:06,500 --> 01:08:08,830
He has evolved in his thinking.
1254
01:08:09,920 --> 01:08:11,500
And it's the war
that has done it.
1255
01:08:13,465 --> 01:08:16,705
- By the time the 13th
amendment came along,
1256
01:08:16,801 --> 01:08:19,181
the war was dragging on and on.
1257
01:08:19,262 --> 01:08:22,602
More Americans died in
that war than in any other.
1258
01:08:22,682 --> 01:08:24,012
Both sides.
1259
01:08:24,851 --> 01:08:26,431
And a lot had happened to him
1260
01:08:26,520 --> 01:08:28,560
and to the whole
country by that time.
1261
01:08:29,773 --> 01:08:32,733
He's seen the death,
he's experienced extreme
1262
01:08:32,859 --> 01:08:37,779
personal loss early in the
war with the death of Willie.
1263
01:08:37,863 --> 01:08:39,413
All of this has moved him.
1264
01:08:40,407 --> 01:08:43,367
And he's carried the
weight of a nation on him.
1265
01:08:43,452 --> 01:08:46,292
(dramatic music)
1266
01:09:39,175 --> 01:09:43,005
- All these people
wiped out by the war.
1267
01:09:43,095 --> 01:09:46,505
He must write letters
consoling those
1268
01:09:46,600 --> 01:09:49,800
who had lost members
of families, fathers,
1269
01:09:49,895 --> 01:09:53,845
brothers, and all of
this grinds him down.
1270
01:09:53,940 --> 01:09:55,970
You see it in his face.
1271
01:09:56,067 --> 01:10:00,307
The hollows of his cheeks
sink more deeply in.
1272
01:10:00,405 --> 01:10:03,775
He said at one point that
there was a tired spot
1273
01:10:03,867 --> 01:10:08,077
in him that no amount
of rest could touch.
1274
01:10:08,163 --> 01:10:09,823
- Those photographs
are haunting.
1275
01:10:09,915 --> 01:10:13,205
Etched on his face
is a testimony,
1276
01:10:13,293 --> 01:10:16,463
a record of the stress
that he endured.
1277
01:10:16,546 --> 01:10:20,216
Every president ages
during their presidency,
1278
01:10:21,134 --> 01:10:24,474
but nothing like Lincoln
1279
01:10:24,554 --> 01:10:27,894
three or four years after
he assumes office.
1280
01:10:27,974 --> 01:10:31,344
It gives you a sense of the
burden that he was carrying.
1281
01:10:31,436 --> 01:10:34,016
- How can any human being accept
1282
01:10:34,147 --> 01:10:36,507
the casualties
that were piling up
1283
01:10:36,608 --> 01:10:39,518
and take personal responsibility
1284
01:10:39,611 --> 01:10:42,821
without resigning
or killing yourself
1285
01:10:42,906 --> 01:10:45,866
over this tragedy,
unless you could find
1286
01:10:45,992 --> 01:10:48,452
a higher power that
was instrumental
1287
01:10:48,536 --> 01:10:51,996
in causing the war
to go on for so long.
1288
01:10:52,082 --> 01:10:54,752
And Lincoln writes a
memo to himself that has
1289
01:10:54,834 --> 01:10:58,094
become known as a Meditation
on the Divine Will.
1290
01:10:58,171 --> 01:11:01,541
If God wills that this contest
continue, it will continue.
1291
01:11:01,633 --> 01:11:04,433
It must be divine providence
forcing us to have
1292
01:11:04,511 --> 01:11:08,141
this bitter confrontation over
the future of our country.
1293
01:11:08,223 --> 01:11:10,143
But Lincoln never
joined a church.
1294
01:11:10,225 --> 01:11:12,515
He was not a believer
in organized religion.
1295
01:11:13,395 --> 01:11:16,885
- As he prepared for the
second inaugural address,
1296
01:11:16,982 --> 01:11:21,892
he wanted to make clear to
everybody that he, Lincoln,
1297
01:11:21,987 --> 01:11:27,057
understood that the war had
been a war to free the slaves.
1298
01:11:27,157 --> 01:11:30,487
And not just a war
to save the Union.
1299
01:11:30,577 --> 01:11:34,287
And he wanted to make sure
that everybody understood
1300
01:11:34,374 --> 01:11:38,794
that slavery was done
forever in the country.
1301
01:11:56,688 --> 01:11:57,728
- Fellow countrymen.
1302
01:11:59,941 --> 01:12:04,431
Four years ago, all
thoughts were anxiously
1303
01:12:04,529 --> 01:12:07,319
directed to an
impending civil war.
1304
01:12:09,451 --> 01:12:10,491
All dreaded it.
1305
01:12:11,911 --> 01:12:13,491
All sought to avert it.
1306
01:12:16,124 --> 01:12:20,954
Neither party, expected
for the war, the magnitude
1307
01:12:21,046 --> 01:12:24,086
or the duration, which
it has already attained.
1308
01:12:25,133 --> 01:12:28,053
Both read the same bible.
1309
01:12:28,136 --> 01:12:30,176
And pray to the same God.
1310
01:12:31,306 --> 01:12:34,256
And each invokes his
aid against the other.
1311
01:12:35,934 --> 01:12:38,814
- And Douglas was
there in the front row
1312
01:12:38,938 --> 01:12:41,978
listening to Lincoln's
inaugural address.
1313
01:12:42,901 --> 01:12:44,031
There's a great photograph.
1314
01:12:44,110 --> 01:12:48,450
It shows Lincoln at the
lectern, Douglas with his
1315
01:12:48,531 --> 01:12:50,371
big hair, that's how
you can recognize him,
1316
01:12:50,450 --> 01:12:52,950
and in the balcony
is John Wilkes Booth.
1317
01:12:54,579 --> 01:12:56,949
- If God wills it, it continue.
1318
01:12:58,041 --> 01:13:00,991
Until all the wealth
piled by the bondsman's
1319
01:13:01,085 --> 01:13:06,125
250 years of unrequited
toil shall be sunk!
1320
01:13:07,467 --> 01:13:11,427
And until every drop of
blood drawn with the lash
1321
01:13:11,513 --> 01:13:15,343
shall be paid by another
drawn with the sword!
1322
01:13:15,433 --> 01:13:17,563
- What you see in
the second inaugural
1323
01:13:17,644 --> 01:13:20,984
is not a certainty of victory.
1324
01:13:22,440 --> 01:13:27,110
But a certainty of the
rightness of the struggle.
1325
01:13:27,195 --> 01:13:31,985
An almost biblical,
righteous, prophetic
1326
01:13:33,243 --> 01:13:37,253
vision of why this
struggle was necessary.
1327
01:13:38,331 --> 01:13:41,171
- As was said 3,000 years ago.
1328
01:13:42,544 --> 01:13:44,674
So still it must be said.
1329
01:13:46,047 --> 01:13:49,837
The judgments of
the Lord are true
1330
01:13:49,925 --> 01:13:52,175
and righteous altogether.
1331
01:13:52,262 --> 01:13:55,882
- His consciousness of
something bigger than himself
1332
01:13:55,974 --> 01:13:59,984
and the need to recognize
that a form of pain
1333
01:14:00,061 --> 01:14:03,101
had existed in America
for generations before
1334
01:14:03,189 --> 01:14:05,939
he came along and it would
not instantly be solved.
1335
01:14:07,318 --> 01:14:11,318
- It's a statement of the
need to rewire the country.
1336
01:14:11,406 --> 01:14:13,726
To change its moral axis.
1337
01:14:13,825 --> 01:14:15,735
He's now telling a new story.
1338
01:14:16,827 --> 01:14:19,287
About what America should be.
1339
01:14:19,371 --> 01:14:20,461
Who are we?
1340
01:14:20,540 --> 01:14:22,070
What do we believe in?
1341
01:14:22,166 --> 01:14:24,206
- With malice toward none.
1342
01:14:25,545 --> 01:14:28,205
With charity for all.
1343
01:14:29,382 --> 01:14:32,182
With firmness in the right.
1344
01:14:32,260 --> 01:14:34,890
As God gives us
to see the right!
1345
01:14:36,181 --> 01:14:39,561
Let us strive on to
finish the work we are in.
1346
01:14:40,727 --> 01:14:43,097
To bind up the nation's wounds.
1347
01:14:44,731 --> 01:14:48,231
To care for him who shall
have borne the battle.
1348
01:14:49,777 --> 01:14:50,817
And for his widow.
1349
01:14:52,322 --> 01:14:53,402
And his orphan.
1350
01:14:55,282 --> 01:14:57,832
To do all which may achieve
1351
01:14:57,911 --> 01:15:01,251
and cherish a just
and lasting peace.
1352
01:15:02,123 --> 01:15:03,623
Among ourselves.
1353
01:15:04,584 --> 01:15:06,674
And with all nations!
1354
01:15:11,716 --> 01:15:15,046
(audience applauds)
1355
01:15:15,136 --> 01:15:18,426
(dramatic music swells)
1356
01:15:40,620 --> 01:15:42,990
(crowd chatter)
(tense music)
1357
01:15:43,081 --> 01:15:43,821
- Thank you.
1358
01:15:43,915 --> 01:15:45,405
I appreciate that.
1359
01:15:48,585 --> 01:15:50,165
- Where do you
think you're going?
1360
01:15:50,296 --> 01:15:52,326
- In there like anybody else.
1361
01:15:52,423 --> 01:15:53,133
- Come on.
1362
01:15:53,216 --> 01:15:54,086
- What are you...
1363
01:15:54,925 --> 01:15:55,795
- Douglas!
1364
01:16:00,807 --> 01:16:01,807
Is there a problem?
1365
01:16:03,309 --> 01:16:05,099
- No, Mr. President.
1366
01:16:08,273 --> 01:16:10,353
- I saw you in the crowd today.
1367
01:16:10,441 --> 01:16:12,481
I'm anxious to
hear your thoughts.
1368
01:16:12,568 --> 01:16:14,688
- I thought it was
a sacred effort.
1369
01:16:16,155 --> 01:16:17,525
- Make sure to
tell your readers.
1370
01:16:17,657 --> 01:16:19,407
- I might do that.
1371
01:16:19,492 --> 01:16:21,992
But you should
know, Mr. Lincoln.
1372
01:16:22,077 --> 01:16:22,827
I won't let up.
1373
01:16:24,664 --> 01:16:26,544
You'll be hearing a lot from me.
1374
01:16:26,666 --> 01:16:28,036
- Well I figured as much.
1375
01:16:28,918 --> 01:16:30,168
- Mr. President.
1376
01:16:30,253 --> 01:16:31,043
- Yes.
1377
01:16:31,170 --> 01:16:32,340
- Congratulations.
1378
01:16:32,422 --> 01:16:33,542
- Oh I appreciate
that very much.
1379
01:16:33,630 --> 01:16:35,460
Have you been met my
friend Frederick Douglas?
1380
01:16:36,634 --> 01:16:38,384
- It's not a friendship.
1381
01:16:38,511 --> 01:16:42,511
It's mostly adversarial
for most of the war.
1382
01:16:42,599 --> 01:16:45,429
Douglas certainly didn't
like the way Lincoln behaved
1383
01:16:45,518 --> 01:16:48,388
in terms of what he
saw as his slowness,
1384
01:16:48,521 --> 01:16:50,731
but he did have
respect for the man.
1385
01:16:52,150 --> 01:16:53,890
- I think Lincoln's vision
that America could be
1386
01:16:53,985 --> 01:16:56,385
for anyone who was
willing to love her
1387
01:16:56,487 --> 01:17:00,197
and give it a chance
should be open to anybody.
1388
01:17:00,282 --> 01:17:02,532
He predominantly meant
that as white people
1389
01:17:02,619 --> 01:17:05,569
at the beginning of the war,
but by the end of the war
1390
01:17:05,663 --> 01:17:08,043
he had a very different
point of view.
1391
01:17:08,124 --> 01:17:09,744
I think no one
was more surprised
1392
01:17:09,834 --> 01:17:13,424
by Lincoln's transformation
as Douglas was.
1393
01:17:14,839 --> 01:17:17,589
- Frederick wanted the
Civil War to be a crusade
1394
01:17:17,717 --> 01:17:22,247
to rid the country of this
evil institution of slavery.
1395
01:17:22,347 --> 01:17:24,417
And I think by the time
you get to Lincoln's
1396
01:17:24,514 --> 01:17:28,264
second inaugural address
you can hear in his words
1397
01:17:28,353 --> 01:17:31,603
a lot of what Frederick
Douglas had been fighting for.
1398
01:17:31,731 --> 01:17:35,931
And Frederick Douglass's
influence over Lincoln.
1399
01:17:36,027 --> 01:17:38,767
We can credit Frederick
Douglas and the abolitionists
1400
01:17:38,862 --> 01:17:41,112
for pushing Lincoln
and not accepting
1401
01:17:41,199 --> 01:17:45,949
his gradual ideas about
how slavery should end.
1402
01:17:47,080 --> 01:17:49,780
- Lincoln said don't
call me a liberator.
1403
01:17:49,874 --> 01:17:51,464
It was the anti-slavery movement
1404
01:17:51,584 --> 01:17:53,544
and the Union soldiers
that did it all.
1405
01:17:54,671 --> 01:17:56,461
- [Doug] In March of 1865,
1406
01:17:56,589 --> 01:17:59,119
Lee's army is trapped
in Petersburg.
1407
01:17:59,217 --> 01:18:02,297
Sherman's now eating the
innards out of the Confederacy.
1408
01:18:02,428 --> 01:18:04,468
- There are food shortages.
1409
01:18:04,597 --> 01:18:07,457
The Confederate Army
and the civilians
1410
01:18:07,558 --> 01:18:09,678
of the south were starving.
1411
01:18:09,769 --> 01:18:12,979
- In the final weeks of the
Civil War, Grant invites
1412
01:18:13,106 --> 01:18:17,316
Lincoln to his headquarters
near City Point, Virginia.
1413
01:18:17,443 --> 01:18:19,363
He's in constant
communication with Grant
1414
01:18:19,445 --> 01:18:22,815
and his son Robert
is on Grant's staff.
1415
01:18:22,949 --> 01:18:24,529
And he wants to see Robert.
1416
01:18:24,617 --> 01:18:27,327
- Robert, Lincoln's
older son, from the very
1417
01:18:27,452 --> 01:18:30,002
outset of the war
had wanted to serve.
1418
01:18:30,123 --> 01:18:36,163
In the early weeks of 1865
Robert's wishes prevailed
1419
01:18:36,254 --> 01:18:38,334
and Lincoln not only
allowed him to enlist,
1420
01:18:38,423 --> 01:18:42,503
he assigned him to the
staff of Ulysses S. Grant.
1421
01:18:42,593 --> 01:18:45,303
- And so Lincoln
goes on a boat trip.
1422
01:18:45,388 --> 01:18:49,338
He's the commander in chief
of the entire military
1423
01:18:49,434 --> 01:18:52,844
in the final weeks of
a very difficult war,
1424
01:18:52,937 --> 01:18:55,177
and he leaves the
White House to live
1425
01:18:55,273 --> 01:18:58,683
on an ordinary
boat at City Point.
1426
01:18:58,776 --> 01:18:59,686
He really loved it.
1427
01:18:59,818 --> 01:19:02,648
He was happy to get
away from Washington.
1428
01:19:02,739 --> 01:19:05,319
I think it might've reminded
him of his teenage years
1429
01:19:05,407 --> 01:19:08,187
as a flat boat builder
and pilot and those
1430
01:19:08,286 --> 01:19:10,196
long trips down the
Mississippi river.
1431
01:19:11,664 --> 01:19:13,374
And it's important
to Lincoln to get
1432
01:19:13,499 --> 01:19:15,529
near the front lines in Virginia
1433
01:19:15,626 --> 01:19:17,786
in the final weeks
of the Civil War.
1434
01:19:20,923 --> 01:19:21,843
- You look good.
1435
01:19:22,925 --> 01:19:23,625
It suits you.
1436
01:19:24,677 --> 01:19:26,677
- I'm glad you convinced mother.
1437
01:19:26,763 --> 01:19:27,643
- It wasn't easy.
1438
01:19:31,684 --> 01:19:32,564
- General Grant.
1439
01:19:40,485 --> 01:19:41,775
- We'll head over
to Patrick Station
1440
01:19:41,861 --> 01:19:43,571
and you can review
the prisoners.
1441
01:19:46,365 --> 01:19:48,695
- Is it mostly rebels?
1442
01:19:50,036 --> 01:19:50,866
- Mostly.
1443
01:19:54,999 --> 01:19:56,419
Lee's running out of options.
1444
01:19:58,835 --> 01:20:00,035
- Yeah.
1445
01:20:00,129 --> 01:20:01,499
- Mr. President.
1446
01:20:02,298 --> 01:20:04,838
(tense music)
1447
01:21:16,121 --> 01:21:18,661
- When Lincoln comes to
meet Grant at City Point
1448
01:21:18,791 --> 01:21:21,041
Sherman comes up and they have
1449
01:21:21,127 --> 01:21:23,587
a meeting aboard
The River Queen.
1450
01:21:23,671 --> 01:21:25,961
And it's there that
Lincoln really sees
1451
01:21:26,048 --> 01:21:28,298
that the end of the
war must be upon them.
1452
01:21:29,385 --> 01:21:33,505
- I must thank you for
your heroic efforts.
1453
01:21:33,639 --> 01:21:35,849
I am much obliged to you both.
1454
01:21:35,975 --> 01:21:37,515
- Thank you, Mr. President.
1455
01:21:38,603 --> 01:21:39,853
But the war is not over.
1456
01:21:41,022 --> 01:21:42,692
- Lee can retreat
to the Carolinas.
1457
01:21:43,983 --> 01:21:47,823
Maybe join forces with Johnston
and stage another attack.
1458
01:21:50,156 --> 01:21:51,446
- Can't we avoid this?
1459
01:21:51,532 --> 01:21:52,782
- [Sherman] No.
1460
01:21:52,867 --> 01:21:54,447
- There will be
at least one more
1461
01:21:54,535 --> 01:21:56,405
bloody battle before
the war can end.
1462
01:21:57,830 --> 01:22:00,120
- When it's over I want peace.
1463
01:22:00,207 --> 01:22:03,917
I have no interest in
retaliation or retribution.
1464
01:22:05,796 --> 01:22:08,666
The rebels will be
returned home unharmed.
1465
01:22:09,800 --> 01:22:11,550
- That's assuming
they go peacefully.
1466
01:22:13,346 --> 01:22:15,966
Sir, I have seen these people.
1467
01:22:16,057 --> 01:22:18,307
I have been watching
them in Atlanta,
1468
01:22:18,392 --> 01:22:20,562
Columbia, Fayetteville,
they are angry.
1469
01:22:21,687 --> 01:22:23,387
Rightfully so, they
have been shamed.
1470
01:22:23,481 --> 01:22:25,151
They have been
starved, their land
1471
01:22:25,232 --> 01:22:27,112
has been looted,
their cotton burned.
1472
01:22:29,278 --> 01:22:32,028
Who do you think they're
gonna blame for all of this?
1473
01:22:37,702 --> 01:22:38,702
- You let them alone.
1474
01:22:40,665 --> 01:22:43,115
You let them have their
horses to plow with.
1475
01:22:44,418 --> 01:22:46,538
And their guns to
shoot crows with.
1476
01:22:48,464 --> 01:22:50,424
I want no one punished.
1477
01:22:51,884 --> 01:22:55,184
We want those people
to return to the Union.
1478
01:22:55,262 --> 01:22:56,972
And to submit to the laws.
1479
01:23:05,189 --> 01:23:07,149
There's been enough bloodshed.
1480
01:23:14,657 --> 01:23:16,107
- [Caroline] Lincoln's
not willing to have
1481
01:23:16,200 --> 01:23:19,660
anything less than
emancipation and complete
1482
01:23:19,745 --> 01:23:23,105
dissolution of the
Confederate armies.
1483
01:23:23,207 --> 01:23:25,497
- Well what about the
Confederate officials?
1484
01:23:26,585 --> 01:23:28,995
Let them go into
exile, Lincoln says.
1485
01:23:29,088 --> 01:23:32,008
We don't want trials,
we don't want hangings.
1486
01:23:32,091 --> 01:23:34,011
We want to reconstruct
the country and we want it
1487
01:23:34,093 --> 01:23:37,963
to be done on the
basis of some peace.
1488
01:23:38,055 --> 01:23:40,255
And some generosity.
1489
01:23:41,350 --> 01:23:45,890
A new country is about
to take shape here.
1490
01:23:45,980 --> 01:23:47,520
A country without slavery.
1491
01:23:48,648 --> 01:23:50,898
- He's certain that
slavery should end.
1492
01:23:50,985 --> 01:23:53,275
And he does everything
in his power
1493
01:23:53,362 --> 01:23:54,322
to make sure that happens
1494
01:23:54,447 --> 01:23:56,607
with the passage of
the 13th amendment.
1495
01:23:58,284 --> 01:24:03,334
But he is not quite ready to
pull the trigger on equality.
1496
01:24:04,123 --> 01:24:05,163
That he is not willing to do.
1497
01:24:06,333 --> 01:24:09,163
Because he knows that that,
at a time when there's
1498
01:24:09,253 --> 01:24:13,013
been so much loss,
to pull that trigger
1499
01:24:13,132 --> 01:24:15,422
may be too much,
so he starts saying
1500
01:24:15,509 --> 01:24:18,429
let them up easy, is
what he tells Grant.
1501
01:24:18,512 --> 01:24:21,682
And that becomes the
mantra, let them up easy.
1502
01:24:22,808 --> 01:24:24,428
- We've already fought the war.
1503
01:24:24,518 --> 01:24:27,228
We've already determined
that secession is not legal.
1504
01:24:27,313 --> 01:24:28,693
To continue to punish the south
1505
01:24:28,814 --> 01:24:30,564
is to continue to look back.
1506
01:24:30,648 --> 01:24:32,268
And not to look forward.
1507
01:24:32,359 --> 01:24:35,279
- But that letting
them up easy translated
1508
01:24:35,362 --> 01:24:39,992
to no real accountability
for these actions.
1509
01:24:42,787 --> 01:24:44,357
- On the 2nd of April,
the Union Army drives
1510
01:24:44,455 --> 01:24:46,995
Confederate forces out of
Richmond and Petersburg.
1511
01:24:48,334 --> 01:24:50,424
If ever there was a hope
for the Confederacy to have
1512
01:24:50,503 --> 01:24:53,753
its independence, it
couldn't give up its capital.
1513
01:24:53,839 --> 01:24:55,589
That was the ultimate
signal in warfare
1514
01:24:55,674 --> 01:24:58,094
of that day that your
country was lost.
1515
01:24:59,178 --> 01:25:00,038
- The Confederates are forced
1516
01:25:00,137 --> 01:25:03,757
to evacuate Richmond
and flee westward.
1517
01:25:05,976 --> 01:25:09,646
Lincoln determines to walk
the streets of Richmond.
1518
01:25:09,730 --> 01:25:11,520
And I'm gonna walk
through these streets
1519
01:25:11,607 --> 01:25:13,517
because the President
of the United States
1520
01:25:13,609 --> 01:25:16,389
can walk through
the streets safely
1521
01:25:16,487 --> 01:25:18,777
of a city of the United States.
1522
01:25:19,824 --> 01:25:21,414
It's all one country again.
1523
01:25:22,910 --> 01:25:25,400
- But there are
buildings on fire,
1524
01:25:25,496 --> 01:25:27,786
there's the sound of
guns off in the distance.
1525
01:25:27,873 --> 01:25:29,963
It's extremely dangerous.
1526
01:25:30,041 --> 01:25:34,501
And people begin to
figure out who he is
1527
01:25:34,588 --> 01:25:39,128
and it's a chilling
moment because it is
1528
01:25:39,218 --> 01:25:41,298
a group of people he
means a great deal to.
1529
01:25:41,387 --> 01:25:44,847
It is African Americans
who have lived
1530
01:25:44,932 --> 01:25:49,732
their entire lives in
Richmond as enslaved people.
1531
01:25:50,728 --> 01:25:54,108
And they are no longer enslaved.
1532
01:25:54,233 --> 01:25:56,573
And they gather around him,
1533
01:25:56,652 --> 01:26:00,952
thanking him with
intense emotion.
1534
01:26:01,073 --> 01:26:04,703
And Lincoln said I'm so
happy to see all of you.
1535
01:26:04,785 --> 01:26:07,485
You are as free as air.
1536
01:26:08,746 --> 01:26:11,246
Liberty is your birthright.
1537
01:26:12,585 --> 01:26:15,665
Now please use it and enjoy it.
1538
01:26:18,591 --> 01:26:21,121
- Now the Confederate
forces are on the retreat.
1539
01:26:21,218 --> 01:26:22,128
The Union Army of
the Potomac has been
1540
01:26:22,261 --> 01:26:24,961
in siege now for almost
nine or 10 months.
1541
01:26:25,055 --> 01:26:26,175
And yet with the drop of a hat,
1542
01:26:26,264 --> 01:26:30,474
this now professional army,
they go into the pursuit.
1543
01:26:30,561 --> 01:26:33,231
- This is a relentless campaign.
1544
01:26:33,314 --> 01:26:34,734
There's very little sleep.
1545
01:26:34,815 --> 01:26:36,225
A lot of night marches.
1546
01:26:36,317 --> 01:26:39,477
They are not getting
rations on either side.
1547
01:26:39,612 --> 01:26:42,572
And the day after the
battle of Sailor's Creek
1548
01:26:42,656 --> 01:26:46,026
Lee's army has been
badly destroyed.
1549
01:26:46,118 --> 01:26:49,038
Several of his generals,
including one of his sons,
1550
01:26:49,121 --> 01:26:51,151
has been taken prisoner of war.
1551
01:26:51,248 --> 01:26:53,578
- That was kinda the
end of Lee's army
1552
01:26:53,666 --> 01:26:56,626
in terms of its fighting
capacity and fighting force.
1553
01:27:01,675 --> 01:27:03,375
- We don't have exact
records of how often
1554
01:27:03,469 --> 01:27:05,169
Lincoln visits
hospitals, but there was
1555
01:27:05,262 --> 01:27:07,052
no shortage of
hospitals to visit.
1556
01:27:08,682 --> 01:27:11,062
We live with the
Civil War's wounds
1557
01:27:11,143 --> 01:27:13,853
and the wounds it
inflicts on its people.
1558
01:27:13,978 --> 01:27:17,228
Decades upon decades afterwards.
1559
01:27:17,316 --> 01:27:20,066
What a price we paid.
1560
01:27:22,655 --> 01:27:24,315
And all of the weight of that.
1561
01:27:26,157 --> 01:27:27,817
Is daily the accompaniment
1562
01:27:27,910 --> 01:27:30,990
that walks beside
Abraham Lincoln.
1563
01:27:33,707 --> 01:27:35,077
- Be of good cheer, boys.
1564
01:27:36,210 --> 01:27:38,170
We're at the beginning
of the end at last.
1565
01:27:40,422 --> 01:27:41,342
How do you do?
1566
01:27:44,093 --> 01:27:45,013
God bless you.
1567
01:27:48,430 --> 01:27:49,350
How do you do?
1568
01:27:53,644 --> 01:27:56,444
Oh, surgeon told me about you.
1569
01:27:57,564 --> 01:27:59,444
Said you were quite
brave on that field.
1570
01:28:00,818 --> 01:28:02,188
I appreciate you very much.
1571
01:28:09,952 --> 01:28:12,402
- He was making that
connection with the soldiers,
1572
01:28:12,496 --> 01:28:16,236
and somehow then they felt
that he felt their pain.
1573
01:28:16,333 --> 01:28:18,133
He understood what they
were going through.
1574
01:28:18,210 --> 01:28:20,250
And he believed in them.
1575
01:28:20,379 --> 01:28:22,249
And his belief in
them then confirmed
1576
01:28:22,380 --> 01:28:23,760
their belief in themselves.
1577
01:28:29,388 --> 01:28:31,308
- May I read with you?
1578
01:28:32,266 --> 01:28:33,466
God bless you.
1579
01:28:36,020 --> 01:28:37,440
- How are you feeling today?
1580
01:28:39,690 --> 01:28:40,810
- I fought for Virginia.
1581
01:28:44,611 --> 01:28:45,491
- Oh that's fine.
1582
01:28:48,073 --> 01:28:50,323
You uh, you a farmer?
1583
01:28:55,581 --> 01:28:56,541
That's how I grew up.
1584
01:28:58,083 --> 01:29:01,293
I often wonder how
we got to this place.
1585
01:29:04,840 --> 01:29:08,680
If I had it my way, this war
would've never commenced.
1586
01:29:12,806 --> 01:29:13,676
God bless you.
1587
01:29:18,478 --> 01:29:20,268
- This thing's
gonna be over soon.
1588
01:29:21,106 --> 01:29:23,016
And I'd liked to be able to say
1589
01:29:23,108 --> 01:29:26,278
I shook your hand
when I had the chance.
1590
01:29:26,362 --> 01:29:27,862
- Well of course.
1591
01:29:30,449 --> 01:29:32,619
The pleasure is all mine.
1592
01:29:34,452 --> 01:29:35,662
God bless you.
1593
01:29:38,499 --> 01:29:39,249
- Mr. President?
1594
01:29:39,333 --> 01:29:40,543
- Yes.
1595
01:29:40,626 --> 01:29:41,666
- It's Secretary Seward.
1596
01:29:41,794 --> 01:29:43,174
- He's been in an accident.
1597
01:29:45,923 --> 01:29:46,883
- How does he fare?
1598
01:29:48,342 --> 01:29:49,762
- Secretary Stanton
requests your presence
1599
01:29:49,843 --> 01:29:51,973
in Washington right away.
1600
01:29:52,971 --> 01:29:54,341
- Of course.
1601
01:29:54,431 --> 01:29:55,221
Thank you.
1602
01:29:59,853 --> 01:30:00,733
Mother.
1603
01:30:01,480 --> 01:30:02,400
We must go.
1604
01:30:14,076 --> 01:30:15,026
Thank you boys.
1605
01:30:16,745 --> 01:30:17,485
God bless you.
1606
01:30:19,373 --> 01:30:20,663
We will never forget you.
1607
01:30:26,463 --> 01:30:27,303
- Father.
1608
01:30:29,508 --> 01:30:30,548
Mr. Lincoln's here.
1609
01:30:33,344 --> 01:30:34,304
- Thank you, Fred.
1610
01:30:40,936 --> 01:30:43,056
You're back from Stedman.
1611
01:30:44,440 --> 01:30:45,860
- Grant is close.
1612
01:30:45,941 --> 01:30:47,231
He's close to the finish.
1613
01:30:50,446 --> 01:30:51,446
- I hope I live to see it.
1614
01:30:53,532 --> 01:30:57,332
- Doctor says he
expects a full recovery.
1615
01:31:00,330 --> 01:31:02,710
- Then why'd you
come so quickly?
1616
01:31:02,791 --> 01:31:05,131
- You've been so
concerned about my safety.
1617
01:31:05,210 --> 01:31:07,420
You should've been
concerned about your own.
1618
01:31:09,840 --> 01:31:12,720
- Who could've predicted
that my carriage
1619
01:31:12,800 --> 01:31:14,930
would be more dangerous
than your enemies?
1620
01:31:20,517 --> 01:31:21,597
- From General Grant.
1621
01:31:44,916 --> 01:31:46,626
- "General Lee
surrendered the army
1622
01:31:46,752 --> 01:31:49,292
"of Northern Virginia
this afternoon."
1623
01:31:50,422 --> 01:31:52,052
- [Edwin] It's over.
1624
01:31:53,675 --> 01:31:57,085
(dramatic music swells)
1625
01:32:24,289 --> 01:32:28,499
- Now, finally,
we save the Union.
1626
01:32:29,962 --> 01:32:30,922
Surrender's come.
1627
01:32:31,004 --> 01:32:35,094
Been a lot of blood,
toil, sweat and tears.
1628
01:32:36,300 --> 01:32:38,050
He was relieved.
1629
01:32:38,136 --> 01:32:39,836
Greatly relieved.
1630
01:32:42,391 --> 01:32:45,851
- On the morning of
April 9th Lee's army
1631
01:32:45,978 --> 01:32:47,848
was just west of a small village
1632
01:32:47,980 --> 01:32:50,020
called Appomattox Court House.
1633
01:32:50,148 --> 01:32:51,508
And Lee thought that he only had
1634
01:32:51,608 --> 01:32:53,178
Union cavalry in front of him.
1635
01:32:53,277 --> 01:32:54,527
And they actually
launched a battle
1636
01:32:54,653 --> 01:32:56,193
on the morning of April 9th,
1637
01:32:56,321 --> 01:32:59,991
and the Confederates are
essentially surrounded.
1638
01:33:00,075 --> 01:33:03,535
And so Lee will send a
note to Grant acknowledging
1639
01:33:03,662 --> 01:33:06,362
that the time has come
to surrender his army.
1640
01:33:06,456 --> 01:33:08,866
- When he asks Grant
what would be your terms
1641
01:33:09,001 --> 01:33:11,501
of surrender, Grant
has an answer.
1642
01:33:11,587 --> 01:33:12,707
Because Grant and Lincoln,
1643
01:33:12,838 --> 01:33:14,838
they've already
talked it through.
1644
01:33:14,923 --> 01:33:16,713
Officers can keep
their sidearms.
1645
01:33:16,800 --> 01:33:18,210
And because Confederates
brought their own
1646
01:33:18,302 --> 01:33:19,592
horses to service
and they would have
1647
01:33:19,678 --> 01:33:21,588
to go back and
start their farms,
1648
01:33:21,680 --> 01:33:23,760
they were allowed to
keep their animals.
1649
01:33:23,849 --> 01:33:25,599
These were lenient
surrender terms.
1650
01:33:25,684 --> 01:33:28,314
This was the beginning of
the winning of the peace.
1651
01:33:29,688 --> 01:33:32,688
- Even though Lee's was only
one of the Confederate armies,
1652
01:33:32,773 --> 01:33:35,073
it was the single biggest
and most dangerous
1653
01:33:35,193 --> 01:33:38,113
of those armies, and when
Lee surrenders that army
1654
01:33:38,196 --> 01:33:40,526
everyone knows it's over.
1655
01:33:40,616 --> 01:33:43,026
Peace is finally
within our grasp.
1656
01:33:43,118 --> 01:33:44,948
And that's the headlines
of the newspapers.
1657
01:33:45,037 --> 01:33:45,947
Peace.
1658
01:33:46,038 --> 01:33:48,068
Peace at last.
1659
01:33:48,165 --> 01:33:49,115
(church bells ringing)
1660
01:33:49,207 --> 01:33:51,747
- [Doris] April 9th, 1865.
1661
01:33:51,877 --> 01:33:54,917
Finally the Civil
War comes to an end.
1662
01:33:56,548 --> 01:33:59,128
Cannons are firing,
church bells are ringing,
1663
01:33:59,217 --> 01:34:01,467
people are celebrating
in the streets.
1664
01:34:01,553 --> 01:34:04,803
- Absolute jubilation
pervades through the north.
1665
01:34:04,889 --> 01:34:07,969
You can imagine the opposite
reaction in the south.
1666
01:34:08,059 --> 01:34:11,599
But Lincoln himself
is absolutely giddy.
1667
01:34:11,730 --> 01:34:13,900
Mary Todd will talk about how he
1668
01:34:13,982 --> 01:34:16,602
just seems so free
all of a sudden.
1669
01:34:16,693 --> 01:34:18,943
How this burden has been lifted.
1670
01:34:20,072 --> 01:34:21,442
- He's really looking
forward to the hope
1671
01:34:21,531 --> 01:34:22,991
that the Union can be restored
1672
01:34:23,075 --> 01:34:25,825
on a new basis, a
different basis.
1673
01:34:25,911 --> 01:34:27,281
Slavery will be gone.
1674
01:34:27,371 --> 01:34:28,501
We're gonna have
to rethink things,
1675
01:34:28,580 --> 01:34:29,950
we're gonna have to think anew,
1676
01:34:30,082 --> 01:34:31,672
but not to look
back with revenge,
1677
01:34:31,750 --> 01:34:33,120
not to look back
with resentment,
1678
01:34:33,210 --> 01:34:35,120
not to punish the
people, but rather
1679
01:34:35,212 --> 01:34:37,092
to bring them along
to a new Union.
1680
01:34:38,840 --> 01:34:41,290
- While slavery,
yes, was abolished
1681
01:34:41,385 --> 01:34:44,285
and that's a wonderful
thing, it did not deal
1682
01:34:44,388 --> 01:34:47,598
with the parent issue of
slavery which is racism.
1683
01:34:47,683 --> 01:34:50,483
And we're still dealing with
racism in America today.
1684
01:34:52,228 --> 01:34:54,848
- He has not fully
begun to contemplate
1685
01:34:54,940 --> 01:34:57,640
what all of this looks
like when it's done,
1686
01:34:57,734 --> 01:34:59,814
but he's beginning
to draw the voices
1687
01:34:59,903 --> 01:35:02,953
that he needs to help him
figure out what that is.
1688
01:35:04,407 --> 01:35:05,777
- You could be putting
this government
1689
01:35:05,867 --> 01:35:07,147
in the hands of the enemy.
1690
01:35:07,244 --> 01:35:08,204
- I agree.
1691
01:35:08,286 --> 01:35:11,036
Who's to say they won't
conspire against us?
1692
01:35:11,123 --> 01:35:12,373
- All rebel organizations
1693
01:35:12,457 --> 01:35:14,287
should be treated
as null and void.
1694
01:35:15,585 --> 01:35:17,655
The only way their
government should be restored
1695
01:35:17,754 --> 01:35:20,594
is under federal authority,
military authority.
1696
01:35:22,592 --> 01:35:24,672
- Well if we treat
them like insurgents
1697
01:35:24,761 --> 01:35:26,671
they will act like insurgents.
1698
01:35:26,763 --> 01:35:27,393
- Exactly.
1699
01:35:27,472 --> 01:35:29,342
- What about their leaders?
1700
01:35:29,433 --> 01:35:30,473
- You let them go.
1701
01:35:31,434 --> 01:35:33,314
You frighten them
out of the country.
1702
01:35:34,438 --> 01:35:37,678
You open the gates,
let down the bars.
1703
01:35:37,773 --> 01:35:39,323
- What if they don't go?
1704
01:35:39,401 --> 01:35:42,191
The fate of emancipation
would be left in their hands.
1705
01:35:43,237 --> 01:35:44,357
It's too risky.
1706
01:35:44,489 --> 01:35:48,029
- The states should follow
the example of Louisiana.
1707
01:35:48,910 --> 01:35:50,690
Abolish slavery.
1708
01:35:50,787 --> 01:35:52,537
Establish schools.
1709
01:35:53,957 --> 01:35:56,367
We were never fighting to
exterminate half this country.
1710
01:35:56,460 --> 01:35:58,330
We were fighting to
keep it together.
1711
01:35:59,421 --> 01:36:01,631
To prove that we
can live together.
1712
01:36:05,677 --> 01:36:07,797
Why should that be
any different now?
1713
01:36:11,975 --> 01:36:15,595
- He's trying to create
a pathway for peace.
1714
01:36:15,687 --> 01:36:18,727
He's trying to create a
pathway that that will mean
1715
01:36:18,857 --> 01:36:22,567
ending a war that doesn't
devolve into guerrilla warfare.
1716
01:36:22,693 --> 01:36:24,573
- You recognize the
need for healing.
1717
01:36:24,696 --> 01:36:27,056
And so his plan
for reconstruction
1718
01:36:27,157 --> 01:36:29,567
was a fairly lenient plan.
1719
01:36:29,659 --> 01:36:31,409
- He envisions a nation
of where it was easy
1720
01:36:31,536 --> 01:36:33,286
for the Confederacy
to come back,
1721
01:36:33,371 --> 01:36:36,241
and that the retribution
would not be great.
1722
01:36:36,333 --> 01:36:38,583
Basically say you
reject succession,
1723
01:36:38,710 --> 01:36:40,290
you're back into the nation.
1724
01:36:41,630 --> 01:36:45,410
- Secretary Stanton had drawn
up some new preliminary plans
1725
01:36:45,509 --> 01:36:48,129
looking towards the
reconstruction process,
1726
01:36:48,219 --> 01:36:49,179
and it would be handled through
1727
01:36:49,262 --> 01:36:51,722
the military rather
than through Congress.
1728
01:36:51,807 --> 01:36:53,427
It would be an
executive function
1729
01:36:53,558 --> 01:36:55,388
rather than a
legislative function
1730
01:36:55,477 --> 01:36:57,927
so that the full control
of the peace process
1731
01:36:58,021 --> 01:37:01,401
would remain in the
president's hands.
1732
01:37:01,483 --> 01:37:04,433
- He envisioned the President
of the United States
1733
01:37:04,528 --> 01:37:06,648
appointing some governors
who would figure out
1734
01:37:06,737 --> 01:37:10,437
some way to test who was loyal.
1735
01:37:10,534 --> 01:37:12,284
Then they would ask Congress
1736
01:37:12,410 --> 01:37:15,330
to readmit them to the Union.
1737
01:37:15,413 --> 01:37:17,953
- The white southerners
were so devoted
1738
01:37:18,041 --> 01:37:20,281
to the racial hierarchy
that they pushed back
1739
01:37:20,377 --> 01:37:23,117
against reconstruction
from the very beginning.
1740
01:37:23,213 --> 01:37:25,843
- People like Stanton
and others were outraged
1741
01:37:25,924 --> 01:37:28,684
that there would be
no real accountability
1742
01:37:28,760 --> 01:37:32,470
for the carnage
wrought by the south.
1743
01:37:32,597 --> 01:37:34,427
Aside from them
losing their slaves
1744
01:37:34,516 --> 01:37:36,846
and he didn't feel
like that was enough.
1745
01:37:36,934 --> 01:37:39,644
- But remember that
Lincoln also said,
1746
01:37:39,728 --> 01:37:42,148
in what turned out to
be his final speech,
1747
01:37:42,273 --> 01:37:44,473
that the time had come to extend
1748
01:37:44,568 --> 01:37:47,188
the right to vote to
African Americans.
1749
01:37:47,279 --> 01:37:49,649
Particularly, he
said, the educated
1750
01:37:49,739 --> 01:37:51,359
and those who had
fought in the army.
1751
01:37:51,449 --> 01:37:53,819
It was the first time
that an American president
1752
01:37:53,910 --> 01:37:55,620
had ever called
for black suffrage.
1753
01:37:55,704 --> 01:37:59,214
It was so radical a
concept at that moment
1754
01:37:59,291 --> 01:38:02,711
that someone in the
audience, John Wilkes Booth,
1755
01:38:02,794 --> 01:38:06,164
turn to one of his Confederates
and said that means
1756
01:38:06,255 --> 01:38:09,165
negro equality and he
didn't use the word negro.
1757
01:38:09,300 --> 01:38:11,300
That's the last speech
he'll ever make.
1758
01:38:15,764 --> 01:38:19,184
- April 14th, Lincoln
woke up in a great mood.
1759
01:38:19,311 --> 01:38:20,681
Feeling probably more cheerful
1760
01:38:20,770 --> 01:38:22,520
than he'd felt ever in his life.
1761
01:38:23,940 --> 01:38:26,570
He went on a carriage
ride with Mary.
1762
01:38:26,651 --> 01:38:27,861
And then they get back
to the White House
1763
01:38:27,986 --> 01:38:28,846
and there's a group
of his friends
1764
01:38:28,945 --> 01:38:30,105
who are there and
they're just leaving,
1765
01:38:30,196 --> 01:38:32,856
but he says no stay,
I want to talk to you.
1766
01:38:32,991 --> 01:38:34,021
And they kept
talking and they were
1767
01:38:34,117 --> 01:38:36,487
telling stories and he's
reading funny things.
1768
01:38:36,577 --> 01:38:39,697
He no longer needs to
escape to go to the theater,
1769
01:38:39,789 --> 01:38:41,039
but at 8 o'clock that night
1770
01:38:41,166 --> 01:38:42,826
they tell him you have to go.
1771
01:38:43,919 --> 01:38:45,379
It has been in the
newspaper that morning
1772
01:38:45,503 --> 01:38:47,703
that he would be at
the theater that night.
1773
01:38:47,797 --> 01:38:48,757
And now he had to keep his word
1774
01:38:48,840 --> 01:38:51,370
to the people who might
come to the theater
1775
01:38:51,468 --> 01:38:53,718
thinking that he would be there.
1776
01:38:55,764 --> 01:38:57,314
- It's been a perfect day.
1777
01:39:00,352 --> 01:39:02,482
Do you ever think
about where we started?
1778
01:39:03,980 --> 01:39:05,690
We've been so miserable.
1779
01:39:07,943 --> 01:39:11,153
- Well we both deserve
to be more cheerful.
1780
01:39:15,825 --> 01:39:17,195
- I'd like to travel.
1781
01:39:18,452 --> 01:39:20,242
Europe perhaps.
1782
01:39:20,330 --> 01:39:22,040
Or even California.
1783
01:39:22,123 --> 01:39:24,253
- I've always wanted
to see the holy land.
1784
01:39:25,210 --> 01:39:26,710
The great cities of Europe.
1785
01:39:27,712 --> 01:39:29,752
- Let's stay here tonight.
1786
01:39:29,839 --> 01:39:31,919
We don't have to go
to the theater do we?
1787
01:39:33,550 --> 01:39:34,930
- I'd much rather stay.
1788
01:39:36,179 --> 01:39:36,929
But we'd better go.
1789
01:39:38,056 --> 01:39:40,086
Word's out I'll be there.
1790
01:39:40,183 --> 01:39:42,893
I won't be the one to
disappoint the people.
1791
01:39:42,978 --> 01:39:45,728
(dramatic music)
1792
01:40:02,080 --> 01:40:04,780
- [Delivery Man] I got
medicine for Secretary Seward.
1793
01:40:04,874 --> 01:40:06,504
- [Frederick] My father's
not seeing any visitors.
1794
01:40:06,584 --> 01:40:07,714
He's resting.
1795
01:40:08,712 --> 01:40:11,092
(violent struggle)
1796
01:40:11,172 --> 01:40:13,882
(ominous music)
1797
01:40:36,406 --> 01:40:38,196
- Little do they know,
John Wilkes Booth
1798
01:40:38,282 --> 01:40:41,152
had planned a triple
conspiracy to lop off
1799
01:40:41,244 --> 01:40:44,204
the entire head
of the government.
1800
01:40:44,289 --> 01:40:45,829
The only thing that
saved Seward's life
1801
01:40:45,957 --> 01:40:48,487
was that his jaw was
wired from the carriage
1802
01:40:48,585 --> 01:40:50,325
accident so it didn't
cut the artery.
1803
01:40:57,969 --> 01:40:59,669
Now some gals and
mothers would go away
1804
01:40:59,763 --> 01:41:01,053
from a fella when
they found that out,
1805
01:41:01,139 --> 01:41:03,339
but you done found a
fortune, Miss Gussy.
1806
01:41:03,433 --> 01:41:06,063
- [Actress] My love,
you had better go!
1807
01:41:06,144 --> 01:41:08,344
- [Actor] You crave
affection, you do.
1808
01:41:08,438 --> 01:41:09,838
Now I'm no fortune,
1809
01:41:09,939 --> 01:41:11,809
but I'm filling over
with affections.
1810
01:41:11,900 --> 01:41:14,230
Which I'm ready to
pour out all over you
1811
01:41:14,318 --> 01:41:16,238
like apple sauce
over roast pork.
1812
01:41:16,321 --> 01:41:19,161
- [Older Actress] Mr.
Trenchard, you will please
1813
01:41:19,240 --> 01:41:22,030
recollect you are
addressing my daughter.
1814
01:41:22,160 --> 01:41:23,990
And in my presence!
1815
01:41:24,079 --> 01:41:25,869
- [Actor] Yes, I'm
offering her my heart
1816
01:41:25,996 --> 01:41:28,026
and hand just as she wants them.
1817
01:41:28,124 --> 01:41:29,004
With nothing in them.
1818
01:41:29,084 --> 01:41:31,544
- [Older Actress]
Augusta, do you agree?
1819
01:41:32,504 --> 01:41:34,204
- [Actress] Yes, ma.
1820
01:41:34,297 --> 01:41:36,037
What a nasty beast!
1821
01:41:36,132 --> 01:41:38,052
- [Older Actress] I am
aware, Mr. Trenchard,
1822
01:41:38,175 --> 01:41:41,715
you are not used to the
manners of good society.
1823
01:41:41,846 --> 01:41:45,046
And that alone will
excuse the impertinence
1824
01:41:45,141 --> 01:41:47,351
of which you have
been found guilty.
1825
01:41:47,434 --> 01:41:50,354
- [Actor] Don't know the
manners of good society, eh?
1826
01:41:50,438 --> 01:41:51,218
Well I guess I know enough
1827
01:41:51,314 --> 01:41:54,064
to turn you inside out, old gal.
1828
01:41:54,150 --> 01:41:58,610
(audience laughing
and applauding)
1829
01:41:58,696 --> 01:42:01,316
(loud gunshot)
1830
01:42:07,371 --> 01:42:09,071
- Just think of it.
1831
01:42:09,165 --> 01:42:11,455
For Lincoln, finally
this punishing war
1832
01:42:11,543 --> 01:42:13,413
has come to an end.
1833
01:42:13,503 --> 01:42:16,413
And he's able to feel
a sense of the country
1834
01:42:16,505 --> 01:42:19,295
is gonna go forward,
I've done my part
1835
01:42:19,384 --> 01:42:22,754
as a leader, and he
only has five days
1836
01:42:22,846 --> 01:42:24,756
to appreciate that
before he's killed.
1837
01:42:24,889 --> 01:42:26,099
It drives me crazy.
1838
01:42:27,809 --> 01:42:31,759
- No American president
had been killed in office.
1839
01:42:31,855 --> 01:42:35,395
And the shock of the
assassination was profound.
1840
01:42:35,483 --> 01:42:38,193
It just unleashed a tremendous
outpouring of grief.
1841
01:42:40,737 --> 01:42:45,437
His coffin was carried
by a new railroad car
1842
01:42:45,535 --> 01:42:48,075
that had just been
built for his use
1843
01:42:48,163 --> 01:42:50,793
and was called
The United States.
1844
01:42:52,876 --> 01:42:56,036
(train horn blowing)
1845
01:42:58,047 --> 01:43:00,957
If there was a chance
to see the funeral train
1846
01:43:01,050 --> 01:43:03,470
on the way back to Springfield,
1847
01:43:03,594 --> 01:43:05,644
everybody wanted to be there.
1848
01:43:12,270 --> 01:43:14,800
And city after city
there were crowds
1849
01:43:14,898 --> 01:43:17,228
like Americans had
never seen before.
1850
01:43:23,448 --> 01:43:25,278
- People connected to him.
1851
01:43:25,366 --> 01:43:28,866
They know where he came from,
how hard that fight was.
1852
01:43:28,952 --> 01:43:31,822
They saw a man
who was a good man
1853
01:43:31,915 --> 01:43:33,405
who became a great president.
1854
01:43:36,794 --> 01:43:40,804
- Lincoln's biography
is a tale of America.
1855
01:43:40,882 --> 01:43:44,342
At a time when it is
not yet fully made.
1856
01:43:44,469 --> 01:43:48,839
The roughness and the
self-made aspects of it.
1857
01:43:48,932 --> 01:43:51,512
The ambition and the hunger.
1858
01:43:52,602 --> 01:43:55,012
He's the living
proof that Americans
1859
01:43:55,103 --> 01:43:57,653
can rise from
poverty to triumph.
1860
01:43:58,775 --> 01:44:00,315
The promise of the
American dream.
1861
01:44:00,401 --> 01:44:01,351
Which is that all
men should have
1862
01:44:01,443 --> 01:44:03,693
an equal chance in
the race of life.
1863
01:44:03,780 --> 01:44:07,190
- He reminded Americans of
something they were forgetting.
1864
01:44:07,282 --> 01:44:08,862
That the Declaration
of Independence
1865
01:44:08,952 --> 01:44:10,992
is a special piece of paper.
1866
01:44:11,079 --> 01:44:13,909
It obligates us to
respect the human rights
1867
01:44:13,998 --> 01:44:16,868
of all Americans
and of all people.
1868
01:44:18,294 --> 01:44:19,384
- That's the journey
that he takes
1869
01:44:19,504 --> 01:44:24,214
by the time he is assassinated
at Ford's Theater.
1870
01:44:24,300 --> 01:44:28,930
He has moved to a much higher
calling, understanding,
1871
01:44:29,013 --> 01:44:32,053
and belief in terms
of what the nation
1872
01:44:32,141 --> 01:44:36,021
could and should
be despite his own
1873
01:44:36,103 --> 01:44:39,273
prejudices and concerns
when he starts.
1874
01:44:39,357 --> 01:44:42,107
- From a contemporary
lens, I think it's entirely
1875
01:44:42,193 --> 01:44:45,393
right and fair to look at
some of Lincoln's writings
1876
01:44:45,487 --> 01:44:48,727
and say he was limited
and constrained
1877
01:44:48,825 --> 01:44:51,365
by his times in ways
that are disappointing.
1878
01:44:52,787 --> 01:44:56,207
And then I can also say
yeah, but look what he did.
1879
01:44:56,291 --> 01:44:57,751
That was really important.
1880
01:44:57,875 --> 01:45:01,375
And took courage and took skill.
1881
01:45:01,462 --> 01:45:05,212
He was not just ahead of
his time in terms of vision,
1882
01:45:05,300 --> 01:45:08,840
but helped to drag the
country in a new direction.
1883
01:45:10,388 --> 01:45:14,598
- He dared to change the
rationale for the Civil War
1884
01:45:14,726 --> 01:45:17,226
from preserving the
Union to removing
1885
01:45:17,312 --> 01:45:20,062
the greatest stain of
American democracy.
1886
01:45:20,148 --> 01:45:21,018
Slavery.
1887
01:45:24,902 --> 01:45:27,822
- Lincoln's legacy was to
show us that democracies
1888
01:45:27,905 --> 01:45:31,405
can survive severe
contests within.
1889
01:45:31,492 --> 01:45:34,202
And they shall not
perish from the earth.
1890
01:45:35,371 --> 01:45:37,111
Lincoln had hoped that he could
1891
01:45:37,206 --> 01:45:38,946
accomplish something
worthy so that
1892
01:45:39,041 --> 01:45:41,451
he would be remembered
after he died.
1893
01:45:41,544 --> 01:45:43,594
It was that hope
that had powered him
1894
01:45:43,671 --> 01:45:46,091
through his dismal
childhood, his string
1895
01:45:46,174 --> 01:45:48,594
of political failures,
and the darkest days
1896
01:45:48,675 --> 01:45:52,085
of the war that his
story would be told.
1897
01:45:52,180 --> 01:45:54,810
It will be told for
generations to come.
1898
01:45:56,601 --> 01:46:01,401
- America has to live up to
the work that Lincoln started.
1899
01:46:02,732 --> 01:46:04,322
- [Lincoln] In giving
freedom to the slave,
1900
01:46:04,442 --> 01:46:06,862
we assure freedom to the free.
1901
01:46:06,943 --> 01:46:09,993
Honorable alike in what we
give and what we preserve.
1902
01:46:11,074 --> 01:46:14,324
We shall nobly save,
or meanly lose,
1903
01:46:14,410 --> 01:46:16,790
the last best hope of earth.
1904
01:46:16,840 --> 01:46:21,390
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