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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 3 00:00:45,506 --> 00:00:51,311 4 00:00:51,312 --> 00:00:55,475 There is a story that begins in a garden, 5 00:00:55,476 --> 00:00:59,158 and in a garden it ends. 6 00:01:00,760 --> 00:01:04,763 It is the scenario of the imagination 7 00:01:04,763 --> 00:01:06,726 a man built by himself to nourish his art. 8 00:01:06,727 --> 00:01:11,210 It is the garden of the painter Claude Monet, 9 00:01:13,773 --> 00:01:17,776 the most famous artist of all France. 10 00:01:17,777 --> 00:01:21,500 The man whose formidable eye enchants the world. 11 00:01:24,425 --> 00:01:28,748 In this garden, his art has come to an end. 12 00:01:28,749 --> 00:01:33,271 13 00:01:44,804 --> 00:01:50,609 Claude Monet stares at the surface of a water lily pond, 14 00:01:53,973 --> 00:01:59,618 imprisoned by its dark and marshy waters. 15 00:02:02,823 --> 00:02:08,667 The great master is weakened by age and blindness, 16 00:02:10,351 --> 00:02:15,474 paralyzed by mourning, 17 00:02:18,679 --> 00:02:22,322 deafened by the noise of a war 18 00:02:22,323 --> 00:02:25,443 that is raging just beyond the walls of his gardens. 19 00:02:27,528 --> 00:02:32,450 20 00:02:37,658 --> 00:02:41,741 And yet, despite these overwhelming strains, 21 00:02:41,742 --> 00:02:47,386 he picks up his brushes for one last time. 22 00:02:49,630 --> 00:02:53,072 Alone in his garden, 23 00:02:53,073 --> 00:02:54,353 he is confronted with his last 24 00:02:54,355 --> 00:02:55,874 ambitious challenge, 25 00:02:55,875 --> 00:02:58,317 His ultimate masterpiece, 26 00:02:58,319 --> 00:03:00,879 La Grande Decoration. 27 00:03:00,880 --> 00:03:04,243 28 00:04:08,989 --> 00:04:13,993 29 00:04:25,486 --> 00:04:30,489 30 00:04:51,592 --> 00:04:55,114 Artists are very special humans. 31 00:04:55,115 --> 00:04:58,918 They dig their own trenches with dedication, 32 00:04:58,919 --> 00:05:03,482 and fight in them, and for them, with all of their passion. 33 00:05:04,565 --> 00:05:07,566 34 00:05:11,011 --> 00:05:15,975 35 00:05:53,894 --> 00:05:57,176 Monet's passion... 36 00:05:57,177 --> 00:05:59,218 well, he... 37 00:05:59,219 --> 00:06:03,423 His passion was to paint, to try to paint 38 00:06:03,424 --> 00:06:06,986 water, light, and air. 39 00:06:06,987 --> 00:06:11,471 And I think he knew, somehow, that it was... 40 00:06:11,472 --> 00:06:16,072 Like an unattainable goal. But... 41 00:06:18,399 --> 00:06:25,999 But he basically dedicated his whole life to trying to do that. 42 00:06:30,411 --> 00:06:34,654 He was actually born in Paris and then they moved to Le Havre 43 00:06:34,655 --> 00:06:39,659 when he was four or five, and... 44 00:06:39,659 --> 00:06:43,302 he used to skip school sometimes, 45 00:06:43,303 --> 00:06:47,705 just to come and sit by the sea. 46 00:06:48,589 --> 00:06:53,711 47 00:07:34,114 --> 00:07:39,757 As a young boy he used to go by his first name, Oscar. 48 00:07:41,562 --> 00:07:45,324 And he was a bit of a rebel, and he wanted to paint, 49 00:07:46,727 --> 00:07:50,168 and he used to... 50 00:07:50,169 --> 00:07:52,171 He started drawing caricatures 51 00:07:52,172 --> 00:07:55,173 of the people that lived in the city, 52 00:07:55,174 --> 00:07:58,538 and he had no interest 53 00:07:58,539 --> 00:07:59,779 in landscape painting. 54 00:07:59,780 --> 00:08:02,981 But he discovered landscape painting with Boudin, who... 55 00:08:03,904 --> 00:08:08,507 I mean, Monet said that he had literally opened his eyes, 56 00:08:09,469 --> 00:08:12,832 and that... 57 00:08:12,833 --> 00:08:15,793 and that he started to see nature. 58 00:08:16,957 --> 00:08:19,838 59 00:08:30,891 --> 00:08:34,894 This was one of his favorite spots that Monet painted 60 00:08:34,895 --> 00:08:38,136 times and times again. 61 00:08:38,138 --> 00:08:40,217 This is where he discovered water, 62 00:08:40,219 --> 00:08:45,103 and he fell in love with it. 63 00:08:46,466 --> 00:08:48,826 64 00:09:36,877 --> 00:09:42,641 Normandy is a special place because this is where the Seine, 65 00:09:43,403 --> 00:09:47,285 the river Seine dives into the sea. 66 00:09:47,286 --> 00:09:49,889 And if you follow the river Seine, 67 00:09:49,890 --> 00:09:51,731 which is quite a curvy river, 68 00:09:51,732 --> 00:09:54,292 you literally follow Monet's path 69 00:09:54,293 --> 00:09:58,017 because he chose to live near that river his whole life, 70 00:09:58,018 --> 00:10:01,620 following the water. 71 00:10:03,423 --> 00:10:08,427 72 00:10:12,873 --> 00:10:16,716 He loved it so much that he told a friend 73 00:10:16,717 --> 00:10:19,999 that he wanted to be buried in a buoy 74 00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:23,922 so he could float for all eternity. 75 00:10:51,952 --> 00:10:57,877 In 1859, he was 19, Monet left Normandy 76 00:10:57,878 --> 00:11:03,001 determined to become a painter. 77 00:11:04,965 --> 00:11:10,689 Along the way, this independent-minded artist 78 00:11:11,331 --> 00:11:15,373 crossed paths with a group of young artists 79 00:11:15,374 --> 00:11:18,376 who shared a similar passion for painting outdoors, 80 00:11:18,377 --> 00:11:22,781 immersed in nature. 81 00:11:24,064 --> 00:11:27,586 This was no easy path to follow, 82 00:11:27,587 --> 00:11:29,989 searching for fertile ground to keep his imagination alive, 83 00:11:29,990 --> 00:11:34,992 Monet would have to go through very barren times. 84 00:11:38,038 --> 00:11:41,921 The pursuit of happiness and personal happiness 85 00:11:41,922 --> 00:11:45,324 is always something 86 00:11:45,325 --> 00:11:46,926 that he tries to convey in his paintings. 87 00:11:46,927 --> 00:11:50,569 And that is what leads him to making a definite choice 88 00:11:51,571 --> 00:11:55,413 to use nature and the countryside 89 00:11:55,414 --> 00:11:58,938 as the primary subjects in his paintings. 90 00:11:58,939 --> 00:12:02,420 He often moves house, 91 00:12:02,421 --> 00:12:03,542 which is partly driven 92 00:12:03,543 --> 00:12:05,584 by financial problems, 93 00:12:05,585 --> 00:12:07,425 but wherever he moves he ends up living 94 00:12:07,426 --> 00:12:11,190 alongside the banks of the Seine. 95 00:12:11,191 --> 00:12:13,431 So he lives in Argenteuil, in Vetheuil, in Poissy. 96 00:12:13,432 --> 00:12:17,756 97 00:12:19,920 --> 00:12:24,520 And so in a way the Seine becomes the backbone 98 00:12:25,806 --> 00:12:29,488 of his entire life. 99 00:12:29,489 --> 00:12:33,812 100 00:12:34,895 --> 00:12:40,019 Nature, light, and water were Monet's genuine passion. 101 00:12:40,020 --> 00:12:44,823 But soon they became torment. 102 00:12:50,070 --> 00:12:54,113 I think Monet fell in love with the water 103 00:12:54,114 --> 00:12:57,116 because it's like when you fall in love with someone, 104 00:12:57,117 --> 00:13:00,479 it's often someone that confronts you 105 00:13:00,480 --> 00:13:04,482 with the things that are most difficult. 106 00:13:04,483 --> 00:13:08,327 Your biggest challenges arise within this relationship. 107 00:13:08,328 --> 00:13:13,612 I think that was his relationship to the water. 108 00:13:15,375 --> 00:13:19,258 As an artist, as a photographer, or a painter, 109 00:13:19,259 --> 00:13:22,061 when you're working on a specific subject, 110 00:13:22,062 --> 00:13:24,543 whether it be the same subject all the time, 111 00:13:24,544 --> 00:13:27,106 like in Monet's body of work, 112 00:13:27,107 --> 00:13:29,428 water was the core element of his work, 113 00:13:29,429 --> 00:13:33,511 or it be a different subject you're chasing all the time, 114 00:13:33,512 --> 00:13:37,196 what you're trying to develop is your vision, 115 00:13:37,197 --> 00:13:41,880 and your way of framing it. 116 00:13:49,890 --> 00:13:54,933 117 00:14:12,232 --> 00:14:16,155 To translate a reality, or visually researching, 118 00:14:16,156 --> 00:14:19,598 you do have to immerse yourself in it to become part of it. 119 00:14:19,599 --> 00:14:23,162 And I think Monet was trying to create an experience 120 00:14:23,163 --> 00:14:26,564 for the viewer. 121 00:14:26,565 --> 00:14:27,806 He creates a bubble 122 00:14:27,807 --> 00:14:29,688 in which he can, you know, 123 00:14:29,689 --> 00:14:34,173 set the elements to really convey his personal message. 124 00:14:34,174 --> 00:14:37,816 125 00:14:41,781 --> 00:14:45,824 He needed to also immerse himself in that experience. 126 00:14:45,825 --> 00:14:50,069 That's why it was so important for him to become part of nature 127 00:14:50,070 --> 00:14:55,033 and to become part of what he was painting. 128 00:15:03,602 --> 00:15:07,486 Monet set up his studio on a boat, 129 00:15:07,487 --> 00:15:10,449 that way he could sort of pick the locations 130 00:15:10,450 --> 00:15:15,974 that he wanted to paint, and be closer to water. 131 00:15:18,098 --> 00:15:21,379 There's a famous Manet painting of Monet on his studio-boat 132 00:15:23,343 --> 00:15:26,624 painting away. 133 00:15:26,625 --> 00:15:30,149 He was obsessed with painting water, 134 00:15:30,150 --> 00:15:32,751 and that way he could be a lot closer to it, 135 00:15:32,752 --> 00:15:36,835 and actually paint while he himself was on water. 136 00:15:43,723 --> 00:15:49,407 He used nature as a mirror to translate what, 137 00:15:50,930 --> 00:15:54,693 you know, what was living inside of him. 138 00:15:54,694 --> 00:15:57,136 He's portraying the exterior, 139 00:15:57,137 --> 00:16:00,899 but actually, at the same time, portraying the interior. 140 00:16:03,663 --> 00:16:07,665 And he takes more steps towards really creating 141 00:16:07,666 --> 00:16:11,190 his own atmosphere, his own world, 142 00:16:11,191 --> 00:16:12,992 his own space and time, 143 00:16:12,993 --> 00:16:14,713 but also, literally, his place in the world. 144 00:16:14,714 --> 00:16:18,237 He moves to a place in France 145 00:16:18,238 --> 00:16:21,600 that then becomes the set to his paintings. 146 00:16:21,601 --> 00:16:25,324 Monet lived with Camille, 147 00:16:25,325 --> 00:16:26,965 who will later give birth to their son Jean, 148 00:16:26,966 --> 00:16:29,888 and become his wife. 149 00:16:29,889 --> 00:16:31,850 Nature was his atelier, 150 00:16:31,851 --> 00:16:33,691 but it was anything but welcoming. 151 00:16:33,692 --> 00:16:36,335 Monet had to put up with all kinds of weathers 152 00:16:36,336 --> 00:16:40,259 to be able to paint. 153 00:16:40,260 --> 00:16:43,462 When they moved to Argenteuil, 154 00:16:43,463 --> 00:16:45,384 and it was just painting, painting, painting, 155 00:16:45,385 --> 00:16:48,467 it was quite a happy times, 156 00:16:48,468 --> 00:16:50,109 but he would also be extremely affected by the weather, 157 00:16:50,110 --> 00:16:52,911 and how much it changed, 158 00:16:52,912 --> 00:16:54,712 and it would send him into fits of rage 159 00:16:54,713 --> 00:16:59,118 if he couldn't keep working outside. 160 00:16:59,119 --> 00:17:02,720 He had a very bad temper. 161 00:17:02,721 --> 00:17:07,165 162 00:17:09,689 --> 00:17:11,770 163 00:17:17,016 --> 00:17:21,099 He was so eager to capture the right moment, 164 00:17:21,101 --> 00:17:23,741 that at one point he flung himself and his canvases 165 00:17:23,742 --> 00:17:26,665 into the Seine. 166 00:17:26,665 --> 00:17:29,507 "I was stupid enough," he said,n"to hurl myself into the water." 167 00:17:30,110 --> 00:17:34,793 168 00:17:40,840 --> 00:17:45,763 He was incredibly prolific in the early 1870s. 169 00:17:45,764 --> 00:17:49,528 It looked as if he was on the brink 170 00:17:49,529 --> 00:17:51,290 of really beginning to achieve 171 00:17:51,291 --> 00:17:53,332 everything that he'd been dreaming of 172 00:17:53,333 --> 00:17:57,496 for the last decade or more. 173 00:17:57,497 --> 00:18:00,859 But Monet was unable to sell paintings, 174 00:18:00,860 --> 00:18:03,902 and he began having financial difficulties. 175 00:18:03,903 --> 00:18:06,825 And really, those would dog him for the rest of the decade. 176 00:18:06,826 --> 00:18:10,389 And so Argenteuil, 177 00:18:10,390 --> 00:18:12,511 which began so happily for him, 178 00:18:12,512 --> 00:18:14,953 then ended with a certain amount of disappointment. 179 00:18:14,954 --> 00:18:19,396 180 00:18:20,160 --> 00:18:24,082 He always felt he had financial issues, 181 00:18:24,083 --> 00:18:26,804 he was never happy about the weather, 182 00:18:26,805 --> 00:18:31,408 there was just always something that wasn't quite going right. 183 00:18:34,814 --> 00:18:38,096 You know? 184 00:18:38,097 --> 00:18:41,059 Nature was turning into a nightmare. 185 00:18:41,060 --> 00:18:44,062 The only thing that seemed to keep on growing 186 00:18:44,063 --> 00:18:46,465 was his compulsion to paint, 187 00:18:46,466 --> 00:18:48,826 which was becoming unhealthy, 188 00:18:48,827 --> 00:18:50,828 like a spreading disease. 189 00:18:50,829 --> 00:18:53,992 190 00:19:10,970 --> 00:19:15,974 191 00:19:22,782 --> 00:19:26,785 His wife Camille died, and he was by her deathbed, 192 00:19:26,786 --> 00:19:31,310 and the only way he could deal with grief 193 00:19:31,311 --> 00:19:34,872 was to start painting. 194 00:19:34,873 --> 00:19:37,916 195 00:19:41,761 --> 00:19:46,525 And as he started to paint, 196 00:19:46,526 --> 00:19:49,047 he found that the grief was taken over 197 00:19:50,690 --> 00:19:53,891 by... 198 00:19:53,892 --> 00:19:56,815 the light that was changing on her face, 199 00:19:56,816 --> 00:19:59,458 by the colors that he was seeing, 200 00:19:59,459 --> 00:20:03,901 and his focus went into the paint. 201 00:20:03,902 --> 00:20:07,025 And... 202 00:20:07,026 --> 00:20:09,228 it scared him so much, actually, 203 00:20:09,229 --> 00:20:12,110 to feel that somehow he was detaching, 204 00:20:12,111 --> 00:20:14,513 and was starting to see her just as a subject, 205 00:20:14,514 --> 00:20:16,995 as opposed to a person, 206 00:20:16,996 --> 00:20:18,597 and his wife that he had loved and just lost, 207 00:20:18,598 --> 00:20:20,918 that he wrote to a friend and said, 208 00:20:20,919 --> 00:20:24,603 "Please, have some compassion for me, 209 00:20:24,604 --> 00:20:28,527 because I am an animal who only knows how to do one thing." 210 00:20:28,528 --> 00:20:33,291 And I think that was a huge moment in his life. 211 00:20:43,222 --> 00:20:48,226 212 00:20:56,996 --> 00:21:00,958 But no matter how feverishly he painted, 213 00:21:00,959 --> 00:21:04,202 he was becoming Le Grand Refusé. 214 00:21:04,203 --> 00:21:07,966 The images just didn't convince anymore. 215 00:21:07,967 --> 00:21:12,010 Critics didn't particularly adhere to them, 216 00:21:12,011 --> 00:21:17,135 I think the wider public probably didn't get them. 217 00:21:21,980 --> 00:21:25,983 If he couldn't get in through the front door, 218 00:21:25,984 --> 00:21:28,427 he'd get in through the window, 219 00:21:28,428 --> 00:21:30,228 which he eventually did, actually. 220 00:21:30,229 --> 00:21:33,472 Monet was already 34 when, 221 00:21:33,473 --> 00:21:36,515 with other artist rejects like himself, 222 00:21:36,516 --> 00:21:39,758 he put up an exhibit in Paris 223 00:21:39,759 --> 00:21:42,401 which marked a clear departure from traditional art. 224 00:21:42,402 --> 00:21:46,004 225 00:22:44,664 --> 00:22:49,907 226 00:23:14,494 --> 00:23:19,537 227 00:23:37,717 --> 00:23:41,199 During the group show 228 00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:42,721 of the Société Anonyme des Artistes, 229 00:23:42,722 --> 00:23:45,323 which also included Renoir, Degas, and Cezanne, 230 00:23:45,324 --> 00:23:48,567 among others, 231 00:23:48,568 --> 00:23:49,808 Monet showed for the first time 232 00:23:49,809 --> 00:23:52,129 "Impression, soleil levant", 233 00:23:52,130 --> 00:23:55,093 a painting that would soon attract the critic's interest. 234 00:23:55,094 --> 00:23:59,417 235 00:24:07,627 --> 00:24:12,749 236 00:24:57,195 --> 00:25:01,198 There was an art critic that came to the exhibition 237 00:25:01,199 --> 00:25:04,122 and who didn't like it, 238 00:25:04,123 --> 00:25:06,044 and so he ironically, in his review, 239 00:25:06,045 --> 00:25:08,486 paraphrased the title of Monet's painting, 240 00:25:08,487 --> 00:25:10,929 "Impression, soleil levant" 241 00:25:10,930 --> 00:25:12,691 and ended up writing in his review, 242 00:25:12,692 --> 00:25:15,213 "Je suis impressionee," 243 00:25:15,214 --> 00:25:16,494 which means "I am impressed." 244 00:25:16,495 --> 00:25:21,218 And the irony of this is that out of this negative critique, 245 00:25:21,219 --> 00:25:26,064 the Société Anonyme Was finally able to find its name: 246 00:25:26,065 --> 00:25:29,427 "Les Impressionists". 247 00:25:29,428 --> 00:25:30,829 And thankfully, 248 00:25:30,830 --> 00:25:33,831 not all of the critics were that bad. 249 00:25:35,233 --> 00:25:38,877 It took a prominent French intellectual 250 00:25:38,878 --> 00:25:40,839 and fierce politician to offer a new interpretation 251 00:25:40,840 --> 00:25:43,722 of these innovative works: 252 00:25:43,723 --> 00:25:46,243 Georges Clemenceau. 253 00:25:46,244 --> 00:25:48,927 From that moment on, 254 00:25:48,928 --> 00:25:51,930 he became Monet's most passionate advocate. 255 00:25:51,931 --> 00:25:54,492 According to Clemenceau, 256 00:25:55,294 --> 00:25:58,857 the world needed to have a new vision, 257 00:25:58,858 --> 00:26:06,585 and he felt that the only one capable of doing that was Monet. 258 00:26:06,586 --> 00:26:10,867 259 00:26:22,201 --> 00:26:25,684 If you look at Monet's life, 260 00:26:25,685 --> 00:26:27,485 he's always setting new challenges for himself, 261 00:26:27,486 --> 00:26:30,448 and actually, it's those challenges 262 00:26:30,449 --> 00:26:32,450 that seem to have kept him alive, 263 00:26:32,451 --> 00:26:35,892 and so he's always looking for new goals. 264 00:26:37,536 --> 00:26:42,500 265 00:26:45,945 --> 00:26:50,148 With his new family, now that he was in his 40s, 266 00:26:50,149 --> 00:26:54,232 he needed new terrain for his regeneration 267 00:26:54,233 --> 00:26:56,875 and wilderness to shape. 268 00:26:56,876 --> 00:27:00,078 It had to be close to water. 269 00:27:00,079 --> 00:27:03,200 The first root always seeks water. 270 00:27:12,531 --> 00:27:16,134 271 00:27:16,135 --> 00:27:20,058 Monet was on a train going to the countryside. 272 00:27:20,059 --> 00:27:24,462 At that point he was looking for a new place to live. 273 00:27:24,463 --> 00:27:29,067 The train suddenly stopped because there was... 274 00:27:29,068 --> 00:27:33,071 there was a wedding going on alongside the tracks, 275 00:27:33,072 --> 00:27:38,276 and there was a great violinist. 276 00:27:39,357 --> 00:27:42,721 277 00:27:42,722 --> 00:27:44,843 And Monet says he looked outside the window at this wedding party 278 00:27:44,844 --> 00:27:49,047 and decided that this is where he was going to settle, 279 00:27:49,048 --> 00:27:52,369 in Giverny. 280 00:27:52,370 --> 00:27:57,535 In reality, it was probably the lights on the water 281 00:27:57,536 --> 00:28:01,059 that attracted him. 282 00:28:01,060 --> 00:28:03,782 As usual. See? 283 00:28:03,783 --> 00:28:07,385 284 00:28:11,430 --> 00:28:14,031 So they moved here, and they were a big family, 285 00:28:15,394 --> 00:28:18,236 ten of them, 286 00:28:18,237 --> 00:28:20,758 in a village that only had about 200 people. 287 00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:26,845 And they really stood out. 288 00:28:26,846 --> 00:28:30,407 They wore eccentric clothes. 289 00:28:30,408 --> 00:28:34,010 And then, of course, Monet was living with Alice, 290 00:28:35,094 --> 00:28:38,415 who was a widow, 291 00:28:38,416 --> 00:28:40,578 and rumors started to spread. 292 00:28:40,579 --> 00:28:44,702 It's not something that was really done at the time, 293 00:28:44,703 --> 00:28:49,787 quite a clash with the villagers. 294 00:29:04,764 --> 00:29:09,807 295 00:29:28,466 --> 00:29:33,270 296 00:29:52,932 --> 00:29:57,935 297 00:30:26,245 --> 00:30:30,088 Monet was a passionate gardener, and in fact, 298 00:30:30,089 --> 00:30:33,211 there are records that he created his own hybrids. 299 00:30:33,212 --> 00:30:36,935 He talked about painting with flowers, 300 00:30:36,936 --> 00:30:38,977 and, in a way, that's what we're doing here, 301 00:30:38,978 --> 00:30:40,738 we're building up layer and layer of flowers, 302 00:30:40,739 --> 00:30:45,062 one after the other, successive. 303 00:30:48,467 --> 00:30:52,310 Something that Monet specifically demanded 304 00:30:52,311 --> 00:30:54,392 was that the garden be immaculate all the time, 305 00:30:54,393 --> 00:30:58,076 and so he was constantly going around removing the dead flowers 306 00:30:58,077 --> 00:31:01,479 as they went. 307 00:31:01,480 --> 00:31:02,921 Now we're about ten full-time gardeners, 308 00:31:02,922 --> 00:31:05,562 and we also have some volunteer help, 309 00:31:05,563 --> 00:31:09,407 because there are so many we have helpers to do that 310 00:31:09,408 --> 00:31:12,569 for us and with us. 311 00:31:12,570 --> 00:31:15,613 312 00:31:16,976 --> 00:31:20,939 When Monet arrived, the garden was an allotment, 313 00:31:20,940 --> 00:31:24,182 and an orchard, 314 00:31:24,183 --> 00:31:25,423 and Monet started to take 315 00:31:25,424 --> 00:31:27,585 that structure to pieces 316 00:31:27,586 --> 00:31:31,549 and to replace it with flowering plants, 317 00:31:33,591 --> 00:31:37,315 which was unheard of at the time. 318 00:31:37,316 --> 00:31:39,596 You know, people grew... 319 00:31:39,597 --> 00:31:40,919 People cultivated the land for food, 320 00:31:40,920 --> 00:31:42,600 not for flowers. 321 00:31:42,601 --> 00:31:44,882 That created hostility and misunderstanding, really, 322 00:31:44,883 --> 00:31:50,528 of who he was and what he was doing. 323 00:31:50,529 --> 00:31:52,930 Profusion of flowers, 324 00:31:53,892 --> 00:31:55,573 that was the essence of the garden for him. 325 00:31:55,574 --> 00:31:59,215 Flowers everywhere, all the time. 326 00:31:59,939 --> 00:32:04,942 327 00:32:07,666 --> 00:32:10,708 After he spent years chasing nature, 328 00:32:12,271 --> 00:32:16,874 moving along the Seine painting in all sorts of weathers, 329 00:32:19,358 --> 00:32:23,041 he set a new challenge for himself, 330 00:32:23,042 --> 00:32:26,844 which was to bring the landscape to him, 331 00:32:27,645 --> 00:32:31,488 create in his garden the nature that he wanted to paint, 332 00:32:37,655 --> 00:32:42,258 create a vegetal architecture in Giverny. 333 00:32:47,706 --> 00:32:52,549 334 00:33:03,681 --> 00:33:08,086 Monet developed what became known as a reputation 335 00:33:08,087 --> 00:33:11,889 for savagery with various of his neighbors, 336 00:33:11,890 --> 00:33:15,013 many of the farmers in the area. 337 00:33:15,014 --> 00:33:17,375 And maybe it was inevitable that there be a kind of conflict 338 00:33:17,376 --> 00:33:22,340 between and among them. 339 00:33:22,341 --> 00:33:25,702 But the situation was also exacerbated by the fact 340 00:33:25,703 --> 00:33:28,705 that the farmers didn't necessarily 341 00:33:28,706 --> 00:33:31,029 want him walking through their fields. 342 00:33:31,030 --> 00:33:33,311 Of course, as a landscapist, 343 00:33:33,312 --> 00:33:34,752 he needed access to the grounds around, 344 00:33:34,753 --> 00:33:37,595 and they began doing things, 345 00:33:37,596 --> 00:33:39,157 such as charging him to enter their fields, 346 00:33:39,158 --> 00:33:42,360 and, in some ways, making money 347 00:33:42,361 --> 00:33:46,024 out of Monet's artistic enterprise. 348 00:33:46,025 --> 00:33:49,147 And in many cases, 349 00:33:49,148 --> 00:33:50,549 this led to a kind of misunderstanding 350 00:33:50,550 --> 00:33:52,631 between Monet and the local farmers. 351 00:33:52,632 --> 00:33:54,753 And at one point, in fact, he had to purchase 352 00:33:54,754 --> 00:33:57,234 the poplar trees that he was painting 353 00:33:57,235 --> 00:33:59,598 in order to make sure that he finished 354 00:33:59,599 --> 00:34:01,680 these beautiful grain stacks 355 00:34:01,681 --> 00:34:04,841 that he was doing in the late 1880s and 1890s. 356 00:34:06,985 --> 00:34:10,428 It's easy, and I think quite natural, 357 00:34:10,429 --> 00:34:13,030 to think that Monet was a very happy man. 358 00:34:13,031 --> 00:34:15,752 After all, who wouldn't be happy living in a place like this? 359 00:34:15,753 --> 00:34:19,917 360 00:34:20,759 --> 00:34:24,802 But, in fact, Monet was a very tortured individual. 361 00:34:24,803 --> 00:34:28,485 And again, and again in his paintings, 362 00:34:28,487 --> 00:34:31,007 he says that painting makes him suffer. 363 00:34:31,009 --> 00:34:33,971 He says, "How I suffer. The pain it causes me." 364 00:34:33,972 --> 00:34:38,936 365 00:34:43,462 --> 00:34:47,225 One of the problems being the weather. 366 00:34:47,226 --> 00:34:49,025 He painted in all weathers. 367 00:34:49,027 --> 00:34:50,786 And he would rage, a bit like King Lear, 368 00:34:50,788 --> 00:34:54,591 or King Canute, at the elements. 369 00:34:56,793 --> 00:35:00,638 There are many stories of people turning up 370 00:35:00,639 --> 00:35:02,880 here in Giverny, 371 00:35:02,881 --> 00:35:04,282 or watching him painting on the coast, 372 00:35:04,283 --> 00:35:06,444 and discovering him jumping up and down on his canvases, 373 00:35:06,445 --> 00:35:10,007 taking a pen knife to a canvas, 374 00:35:10,008 --> 00:35:11,849 or even burning them. 375 00:35:11,850 --> 00:35:13,810 You would turn up and there would be a bonfire 376 00:35:13,811 --> 00:35:17,574 of Monet's canvases here in the garden. 377 00:35:21,500 --> 00:35:25,583 378 00:35:25,584 --> 00:35:29,587 And if you think about it, what he was trying to do, 379 00:35:29,588 --> 00:35:32,230 was to capture things that are impalpable, 380 00:35:32,231 --> 00:35:36,113 like reflections, the clouds in the sky, 381 00:35:36,114 --> 00:35:39,036 reflections on the water, 382 00:35:39,037 --> 00:35:40,598 glimmers of sunlight, 383 00:35:40,599 --> 00:35:42,440 flowers as the seasons change, all of these things. 384 00:35:42,441 --> 00:35:46,204 And he was trying to freeze them in an instant 385 00:35:46,205 --> 00:35:48,486 and capture them for eternity. 386 00:35:48,487 --> 00:35:51,209 And, of course, that's impossible. 387 00:35:51,210 --> 00:35:52,970 Which, as I say, he frankly admitted. 388 00:35:52,971 --> 00:35:56,814 389 00:36:04,062 --> 00:36:08,145 Monet wanted to bring color into the garden, 390 00:36:08,146 --> 00:36:10,868 and you can see, there's color everywhere. 391 00:36:10,869 --> 00:36:14,871 So this part of the garden we call the paint boxes. 392 00:36:14,872 --> 00:36:20,077 We have a sequence of 19 beds on each side of a path... 393 00:36:20,878 --> 00:36:24,682 that follow a gradation of color. 394 00:36:24,683 --> 00:36:26,924 So at the bottom of the garden, we have the warmer colors, 395 00:36:26,925 --> 00:36:29,967 which are being enhanced by the evening sun 396 00:36:29,968 --> 00:36:33,170 which hits the bottom part of the garden. 397 00:36:33,171 --> 00:36:35,973 And we move up to the top with the cooler colors, 398 00:36:35,974 --> 00:36:39,977 which is exposed to the morning sunlight 399 00:36:39,978 --> 00:36:44,502 coming from the east, 400 00:36:44,503 --> 00:36:47,904 and that really enhances the cool colors up here. He wanted a maximum of color to be able to play around, 401 00:36:47,905 --> 00:36:51,709 and see how the light interacted with the color. 402 00:36:51,710 --> 00:36:54,792 And so he created this garden 403 00:36:54,793 --> 00:36:57,914 as a collection of light, perhaps. 404 00:36:57,915 --> 00:37:01,598 405 00:37:02,921 --> 00:37:06,923 So he's creating his own décor, 406 00:37:06,924 --> 00:37:09,487 he's inviting you to step into that landscape 407 00:37:09,488 --> 00:37:12,450 and then find yourself lost there, 408 00:37:12,451 --> 00:37:14,372 and having to find you own way again, 409 00:37:14,373 --> 00:37:16,894 and merging your own perspective with his. 410 00:37:16,895 --> 00:37:20,658 He's presenting you with a first step, 411 00:37:20,659 --> 00:37:23,180 and then you take the next. 412 00:37:23,181 --> 00:37:26,383 413 00:37:27,065 --> 00:37:32,949 Monet is decomposing this image that he's creating of reality, 414 00:37:32,950 --> 00:37:36,474 like you do in a photo, 415 00:37:36,475 --> 00:37:37,955 like you see everything in pixels, 416 00:37:37,956 --> 00:37:40,398 like you can see everything in the stroke of a brush. 417 00:37:40,399 --> 00:37:43,761 And invites the viewer to put that image back together, 418 00:37:43,762 --> 00:37:46,724 to see everything as a whole again. 419 00:37:46,725 --> 00:37:48,886 Almost as if he had magical qualities, 420 00:37:48,887 --> 00:37:51,168 as if he could see light different, 421 00:37:51,169 --> 00:37:53,090 as if he could see more colors than other people could. 422 00:37:53,091 --> 00:37:56,454 So the eye was really the essence of his being. 423 00:37:56,455 --> 00:38:00,177 Imagine being an artist and this is your tool, 424 00:38:00,178 --> 00:38:03,981 this is the essence of who you are, 425 00:38:03,982 --> 00:38:06,344 is how you see things. 426 00:38:06,345 --> 00:38:08,986 427 00:38:13,592 --> 00:38:16,874 One of the things that was said about Monet 428 00:38:16,875 --> 00:38:20,358 was that he had the greatest eye in the history of art. 429 00:38:20,359 --> 00:38:24,121 Clemenceau said that Monet had an eye 430 00:38:24,122 --> 00:38:27,284 that could penetrate the husk of appearance 431 00:38:27,285 --> 00:38:30,007 and see the reality that underlay the surface. 432 00:38:30,008 --> 00:38:33,731 And Monet's other friend, Paul Cezanne, 433 00:38:33,732 --> 00:38:38,655 said, "Monet is only an eye, but my God, what an eye!" 434 00:38:39,338 --> 00:38:43,460 435 00:38:44,703 --> 00:38:48,746 Clemenceau used to say that Monet had eyes 436 00:38:48,747 --> 00:38:51,027 that could see beyond the surface. 437 00:38:51,028 --> 00:38:53,471 A super eye. 438 00:38:53,472 --> 00:38:56,473 And as his esteem for Monet grew, 439 00:38:57,396 --> 00:39:00,958 so did their friendship. 440 00:39:00,959 --> 00:39:03,441 They both shared a passion for gardening. 441 00:39:03,442 --> 00:39:07,725 Clemenceau will soon be appointed Prime Minister, 442 00:39:07,726 --> 00:39:10,728 leading the nation during difficult times. 443 00:39:10,729 --> 00:39:14,050 And yet, his bond with Monet, 444 00:39:14,051 --> 00:39:15,973 and the time they spent together, 445 00:39:15,974 --> 00:39:17,735 was one of the things her cherished the most. 446 00:39:17,736 --> 00:39:21,618 So Giverny, for him, started to become a safe haven, 447 00:39:22,220 --> 00:39:26,662 a place where he could escape... 448 00:39:28,106 --> 00:39:30,907 from all the political brawl. 449 00:39:31,990 --> 00:39:35,952 450 00:39:40,077 --> 00:39:45,681 He lived near water his whole life, he needed it. 451 00:39:47,886 --> 00:39:51,769 And he realized that the one missing element 452 00:39:51,770 --> 00:39:54,211 in his garden was water. 453 00:39:54,212 --> 00:39:58,094 And in order to bring it to him, to his property, 454 00:39:58,095 --> 00:40:01,619 he had to deviate a river. 455 00:40:01,620 --> 00:40:04,662 And although he knew 456 00:40:04,663 --> 00:40:06,223 that that would probably create a lot of fights, 457 00:40:06,224 --> 00:40:09,386 he was entirely determined to do it. 458 00:40:09,387 --> 00:40:12,989 459 00:40:14,553 --> 00:40:17,754 When they heard that he wanted to put water lilies 460 00:40:18,557 --> 00:40:20,918 in the water, 461 00:40:20,919 --> 00:40:23,881 they were very weary thinking that maybe that would create 462 00:40:23,882 --> 00:40:27,044 some sort of pollution in the water, 463 00:40:27,045 --> 00:40:29,125 which would then impact their agricultural land. 464 00:40:29,126 --> 00:40:33,050 And so there was massive resistance against his project. 465 00:40:33,732 --> 00:40:37,774 466 00:40:39,578 --> 00:40:43,340 He said to hell with the farmers, 467 00:40:43,341 --> 00:40:46,904 to hell with the people in Giverny, 468 00:40:46,905 --> 00:40:48,786 to hell with the engineers who tell me that it can't be done. 469 00:40:48,787 --> 00:40:52,429 This is something I'm going to do. 470 00:40:52,430 --> 00:40:54,512 And in fact, he got all of the permissions that he needed 471 00:40:54,513 --> 00:40:59,436 in order to carry it through. 472 00:40:59,437 --> 00:41:02,760 If the two things that Monet liked to paint 473 00:41:02,761 --> 00:41:05,843 were water and flowers, 474 00:41:05,844 --> 00:41:08,005 he now had his profusion of flowers. 475 00:41:08,006 --> 00:41:10,968 And what he wanted to do then was to domesticate the water, 476 00:41:10,969 --> 00:41:15,012 to domesticate this element that he had been painting 477 00:41:15,013 --> 00:41:18,135 with such great success 478 00:41:18,136 --> 00:41:19,937 for the previous couple of decades. 479 00:41:19,938 --> 00:41:21,699 To bring it into his home environment 480 00:41:21,700 --> 00:41:24,301 so he could work on it multiple times 481 00:41:24,302 --> 00:41:27,264 on numerous canvases. 482 00:41:27,265 --> 00:41:29,185 And that's why, therefore, 483 00:41:29,186 --> 00:41:30,908 that he began in the 1890s working on this, 484 00:41:30,909 --> 00:41:34,952 what would become over the course of a decade or so, 485 00:41:34,953 --> 00:41:39,195 the water lily pond. 486 00:41:39,196 --> 00:41:41,438 487 00:42:02,541 --> 00:42:06,584 As soon as the first water lilies 488 00:42:06,585 --> 00:42:08,425 reached the surface of the pond, 489 00:42:08,426 --> 00:42:10,588 he started to paint them. 490 00:42:10,589 --> 00:42:13,150 In a way it was like he had found his muse, 491 00:42:13,151 --> 00:42:16,232 a flower that could harmonize water and light. 492 00:42:16,233 --> 00:42:19,877 It was the beginning of a love story 493 00:42:19,878 --> 00:42:23,400 that would turn into an obsession until his death. 494 00:42:32,811 --> 00:42:36,774 So the water lilies are planted in mud, 495 00:42:36,775 --> 00:42:39,737 which is essentially the substrate 496 00:42:39,738 --> 00:42:42,858 that is in the water garden, in the pond. 497 00:42:43,822 --> 00:42:47,304 As the initial stems emerge 498 00:42:47,305 --> 00:42:49,987 they have this journey to go up to the surface 499 00:42:49,988 --> 00:42:52,790 so that they can then unfold and finally reach the sunlight, 500 00:42:52,791 --> 00:42:56,714 which will give them the energy for their blooming 501 00:42:56,715 --> 00:43:00,717 and for the growth. 502 00:43:02,801 --> 00:43:06,804 We can imagine that that's possibly where the idea 503 00:43:06,805 --> 00:43:10,127 of his future paintings germinated at that point 504 00:43:10,128 --> 00:43:13,691 when he's seeing, for the first time, 505 00:43:13,692 --> 00:43:15,332 these incredible flowers blooming 506 00:43:15,333 --> 00:43:18,535 in the pond that he has created. 507 00:43:32,310 --> 00:43:37,314 508 00:44:27,285 --> 00:44:32,088 509 00:45:05,003 --> 00:45:08,766 To decide where to place the water lilies, 510 00:45:08,767 --> 00:45:11,407 we had to go back to the paintings 511 00:45:11,408 --> 00:45:14,011 to see where they were painted 512 00:45:14,012 --> 00:45:18,055 to sort of determine what features they were close to, 513 00:45:18,056 --> 00:45:23,018 to place them again. 514 00:45:25,984 --> 00:45:29,827 In 1909 he put on exhibition in Paris 515 00:45:29,828 --> 00:45:34,711 48 paintings that he had done of the water lily pond, 516 00:45:34,712 --> 00:45:38,395 and it created a sensation. 517 00:45:38,396 --> 00:45:40,357 He had now, on the verge of his 70s, 518 00:45:40,358 --> 00:45:42,719 had the most successful exhibition of his career, 519 00:45:42,720 --> 00:45:47,444 doing paintings of something that he himself had created, 520 00:45:47,445 --> 00:45:51,128 painting his own landscape, 521 00:45:51,129 --> 00:45:54,812 and having enormous success with it. 522 00:45:54,813 --> 00:45:57,093 523 00:46:29,486 --> 00:46:34,491 524 00:47:04,322 --> 00:47:09,405 525 00:47:38,555 --> 00:47:44,000 526 00:48:27,245 --> 00:48:30,847 At that point he became 527 00:48:30,848 --> 00:48:32,608 one of the greatest painters in France, 528 00:48:32,609 --> 00:48:36,252 and was known as "Le peintre du Bonheur". 529 00:48:37,695 --> 00:48:40,215 But then, things suddenly changed. 530 00:48:51,229 --> 00:48:55,312 It took years to meet the right conditions 531 00:48:55,313 --> 00:48:57,314 for each blossom to flourish. 532 00:48:57,315 --> 00:48:59,636 Beauty requires time and toil. 533 00:48:59,637 --> 00:49:02,638 He had time and was a hard worker. 534 00:49:02,639 --> 00:49:06,283 But now that his career had bloomed, 535 00:49:06,284 --> 00:49:08,644 everything was going to be washed away. 536 00:49:08,645 --> 00:49:12,247 The Grand river overflows its banks 537 00:49:12,770 --> 00:49:14,972 and inundates thousands of acres. 538 00:49:14,973 --> 00:49:17,094 The entire region is virtually paralyzed by the flood, 539 00:49:17,095 --> 00:49:19,655 which arrives without warning. 540 00:49:19,656 --> 00:49:21,778 Row boats are pressed into service. 541 00:49:21,779 --> 00:49:25,342 After the deluge comes the mopping up 542 00:49:25,343 --> 00:49:29,025 as the river slowly recedes. 543 00:49:51,449 --> 00:49:55,332 There was a very big storm 544 00:49:55,333 --> 00:49:59,336 in 1910 in the north or France, 545 00:49:59,337 --> 00:50:02,739 and the Seine inundated the fields. 546 00:50:05,623 --> 00:50:08,504 And in Monet's gardens the ponds overflowed. 547 00:50:23,720 --> 00:50:28,524 548 00:50:33,291 --> 00:50:37,174 The pond came out of its embankments 549 00:50:37,175 --> 00:50:40,617 and just... 550 00:50:40,618 --> 00:50:42,539 it destroyed a lot of the planting. 551 00:50:42,540 --> 00:50:46,543 And, you know, the whole thing was then covered 552 00:50:46,544 --> 00:50:50,345 with a bed of mud. 553 00:50:51,028 --> 00:50:56,032 554 00:50:57,955 --> 00:51:01,558 He loved water so much, 555 00:51:01,559 --> 00:51:03,280 and he must have felt... 556 00:51:03,281 --> 00:51:06,361 like it was sending him some kind of warning sign, 557 00:51:09,766 --> 00:51:14,770 because things started to get very difficult for Monet. 558 00:51:14,771 --> 00:51:18,574 559 00:51:26,744 --> 00:51:30,707 Monet was the most famous painter in France, 560 00:51:30,708 --> 00:51:35,992 but despite this huge reputation he was now desperately unhappy 561 00:51:35,993 --> 00:51:39,556 for a number of reasons. 562 00:51:39,557 --> 00:51:42,279 563 00:51:42,280 --> 00:51:46,483 His second wife, Alice, died of leukemia, 564 00:51:46,484 --> 00:51:50,327 which made him a widower for the second time. 565 00:51:50,328 --> 00:51:54,650 566 00:52:18,835 --> 00:52:22,719 And then, the final blow to his morale came 567 00:52:22,720 --> 00:52:25,882 with the death of Jean, his eldest son, 568 00:52:25,883 --> 00:52:30,686 who died after long-suffering. 569 00:52:40,738 --> 00:52:45,502 And then, as he was trying to deal with the grief 570 00:52:45,503 --> 00:52:49,025 by painting, as he always did, 571 00:52:49,026 --> 00:52:52,269 he started to realize that his eyes, 572 00:52:52,270 --> 00:52:55,912 those very precious tools he had, 573 00:52:55,913 --> 00:53:00,036 were starting to fail him. 574 00:53:05,563 --> 00:53:09,686 He went to the side of the pond on a beautiful July day 575 00:53:09,687 --> 00:53:13,330 and began work, but made a terrible discovery, 576 00:53:13,331 --> 00:53:17,934 and that was that his eyesight was beginning to fail him. 577 00:53:24,901 --> 00:53:28,745 And that was a terrible shock to Monet 578 00:53:28,746 --> 00:53:30,667 because of the fact that he was known for his... 579 00:53:30,668 --> 00:53:35,271 the acuity of his vision. 580 00:53:39,277 --> 00:53:42,999 He effectively retired from painting, 581 00:53:43,000 --> 00:53:45,922 and this was widely reported in all of the news media. 582 00:53:45,923 --> 00:53:49,806 And I think everyone who knew Monet 583 00:53:49,807 --> 00:53:52,369 believed that the end had to be near 584 00:53:52,370 --> 00:53:55,372 if he had stopped painting. 585 00:53:55,373 --> 00:53:58,454 586 00:54:02,099 --> 00:54:07,263 587 00:54:19,477 --> 00:54:24,240 There was a very big election in France in 1914, 588 00:54:24,241 --> 00:54:28,365 and reporters were looking for Clemenceau 589 00:54:28,366 --> 00:54:32,048 to get his opinion on the situation, 590 00:54:32,049 --> 00:54:36,092 but he was nowhere to be found. 591 00:54:36,973 --> 00:54:40,297 And it seemed very curious 592 00:54:40,298 --> 00:54:41,938 that a political animal like Clemenceau 593 00:54:41,939 --> 00:54:44,741 would absent himself from the political fray, 594 00:54:44,742 --> 00:54:48,064 or the political scene, at this very critical time. 595 00:54:48,065 --> 00:54:51,987 And there was much speculation about where he had gone 596 00:54:51,988 --> 00:54:55,712 and what he was doing. 597 00:54:55,713 --> 00:54:58,234 What actually happened was that 598 00:54:59,276 --> 00:55:01,997 he was escaping the political fray, 599 00:55:01,998 --> 00:55:06,001 which he often did by going to Giverny. 600 00:55:06,002 --> 00:55:10,527 But in fact, he had a very important mission that day, 601 00:55:10,528 --> 00:55:15,131 and it was to get his friend back to his easels. 602 00:55:18,736 --> 00:55:23,819 603 00:56:06,984 --> 00:56:11,066 And so what happened on that fatal Sunday in April 604 00:56:11,067 --> 00:56:15,271 is that Clemenceau and Monet, after the lunch, 605 00:56:15,272 --> 00:56:19,074 they ended up down in the cellar, 606 00:56:19,075 --> 00:56:22,077 probably to look at some very old paintings 607 00:56:22,078 --> 00:56:24,441 that Monet had done, 608 00:56:24,442 --> 00:56:26,362 as many as a dozen, 15 years earlier. 609 00:56:26,363 --> 00:56:29,606 Works he had done before the garden, 610 00:56:29,607 --> 00:56:32,288 before the water lily pond had reached it definitive form. 611 00:56:32,289 --> 00:56:35,932 And these, of course were his firs essays, 612 00:56:35,933 --> 00:56:40,056 his first attempts at painting the water lilies. 613 00:56:40,057 --> 00:56:43,857 There was a eureka moment for Clemenceau. 614 00:56:43,861 --> 00:56:47,303 He later said he didn't think a lot about these paintings 615 00:56:47,304 --> 00:56:50,386 in terms of their artistic quality. 616 00:56:50,387 --> 00:56:52,429 He knew Monet had done better work than this, 617 00:56:52,430 --> 00:56:55,792 and could do even better work, again. 618 00:56:55,793 --> 00:56:59,115 619 00:56:59,637 --> 00:57:03,319 Clemenceau didn't think 620 00:57:03,320 --> 00:57:04,961 that they were particularly good, 621 00:57:04,962 --> 00:57:06,483 but in a way he was ready to do anything, 622 00:57:06,484 --> 00:57:09,325 even lying to his friend, 623 00:57:09,326 --> 00:57:13,009 to just get him to get back to painting, 624 00:57:13,010 --> 00:57:16,372 so he encouraged him. 625 00:57:16,373 --> 00:57:19,175 What then happened threw him off completely because 626 00:57:19,176 --> 00:57:21,978 not only did he get back to painting, 627 00:57:21,979 --> 00:57:25,582 but he also embarked on one of the greatest 628 00:57:25,583 --> 00:57:28,264 and most ambitious projects of his life. 629 00:57:28,265 --> 00:57:32,747 630 00:57:38,195 --> 00:57:43,319 631 00:57:43,320 --> 00:57:46,843 Three weeks after Clemenceau's visit, 632 00:57:46,844 --> 00:57:50,366 there is a record of a letter Monet wrote to him saying, 633 00:57:51,849 --> 00:57:56,733 "I'm back at work again." 634 00:57:56,734 --> 00:57:59,255 635 00:58:00,337 --> 00:58:03,780 636 00:58:03,781 --> 00:58:06,422 637 00:58:13,751 --> 00:58:18,193 638 00:58:18,194 --> 00:58:20,195 It was a terrible irony that Monet got his ability, 639 00:58:20,196 --> 00:58:24,160 and his will, and his desire to paint back 640 00:58:24,161 --> 00:58:27,083 at exactly the same time 641 00:58:27,084 --> 00:58:29,085 that France descended into the First World War. 642 00:58:29,086 --> 00:58:33,808 643 00:58:34,772 --> 00:58:37,413 644 00:58:38,175 --> 00:58:40,256 645 00:58:40,257 --> 00:58:43,218 And it's at this point 646 00:58:43,219 --> 00:58:45,141 that the two friends started to go their separate ways. 647 00:58:45,142 --> 00:58:48,223 Monet started to work ceaselessly 648 00:58:48,224 --> 00:58:51,427 in his peaceful garden, 649 00:58:51,428 --> 00:58:54,710 and Clemenceau was later going to become Minister of war. 650 00:58:55,512 --> 00:58:59,555 651 00:59:00,558 --> 00:59:04,881 All French citizens were called to action. 652 00:59:04,882 --> 00:59:09,044 Trains packed with soldiers started to leave the cities. 653 00:59:11,448 --> 00:59:15,250 Giverny was no exception. 654 00:59:15,251 --> 00:59:18,374 They set up a field hospital in Giverny, 655 00:59:19,136 --> 00:59:22,257 and Monet could hear the dying and the wounded 656 00:59:22,258 --> 00:59:25,061 from his garden. 657 00:59:25,062 --> 00:59:27,943 His gardeners left, they all left to the front, 658 00:59:28,586 --> 00:59:32,067 and yet, he had no intention to leave, and he stayed. 659 00:59:33,430 --> 00:59:38,995 He wanted to stay in this garden that he had created. 660 00:59:38,996 --> 00:59:42,838 661 00:59:43,641 --> 00:59:47,083 And he once said, 662 00:59:47,084 --> 00:59:49,165 "If the barbarians want to kill me, 663 00:59:49,166 --> 00:59:51,286 they can do so in front of my canvases." 664 00:59:51,287 --> 00:59:53,650 665 00:59:53,651 --> 00:59:57,413 He painted maniacally over the next year. 666 00:59:57,414 --> 01:00:01,296 And so it's interesting that out of 667 01:00:01,297 --> 01:00:03,700 the sort of personal tragedies he'd experienced, 668 01:00:03,701 --> 01:00:07,302 out of the health defects he'd had with his eyes, 669 01:00:07,303 --> 01:00:10,627 and then, finally, out of the political difficulties 670 01:00:10,628 --> 01:00:13,990 of the war, 671 01:00:13,991 --> 01:00:15,071 he somehow brought 672 01:00:15,072 --> 01:00:16,192 all of these things together 673 01:00:16,193 --> 01:00:17,433 and overcame them 674 01:00:17,434 --> 01:00:18,675 to begin these gigantic paintings 675 01:00:18,676 --> 01:00:21,117 which were, quite literally, 676 01:00:21,118 --> 01:00:22,719 like nothing not only he had ever done before, 677 01:00:22,720 --> 01:00:26,883 but like nothing anyone else had ever done before either. 678 01:00:26,884 --> 01:00:30,925 679 01:00:43,339 --> 01:00:47,342 The war should have only lasted a few months, 680 01:00:47,343 --> 01:00:49,465 but it keeps going year after year. 681 01:00:49,466 --> 01:00:52,347 The German armies have some very big victories, 682 01:00:52,348 --> 01:00:55,191 there's a lot of losses for France, 683 01:00:55,192 --> 01:00:57,113 and Georges Clemenceau, 684 01:00:57,114 --> 01:00:59,354 who was the minister of war at this stage, 685 01:00:59,355 --> 01:01:03,639 published in his newspaper... 686 01:01:03,640 --> 01:01:06,562 a text in which he said that France 687 01:01:07,364 --> 01:01:11,087 may have to sacrifice its children, 688 01:01:11,088 --> 01:01:13,409 and unfortunately it wasn't just words, 689 01:01:13,410 --> 01:01:16,332 and that's what happened. 690 01:01:16,333 --> 01:01:19,335 691 01:01:41,518 --> 01:01:46,562 692 01:01:53,409 --> 01:01:58,334 693 01:01:59,977 --> 01:02:03,339 694 01:02:05,342 --> 01:02:10,145 695 01:02:13,310 --> 01:02:18,233 696 01:02:19,877 --> 01:02:22,838 697 01:02:29,445 --> 01:02:34,450 698 01:02:42,739 --> 01:02:47,983 699 01:02:58,155 --> 01:03:03,077 700 01:03:16,013 --> 01:03:21,337 War had the flesh and bones of his son Michel. 701 01:03:21,338 --> 01:03:24,821 Going back to Giverny, 702 01:03:24,822 --> 01:03:26,983 he brought with him the smell of death and gunpowder. 703 01:03:26,984 --> 01:03:31,187 It mixed with the scent of flowers and oil colors. 704 01:03:31,188 --> 01:03:35,031 It were almost like he was bringing the war 705 01:03:35,032 --> 01:03:37,913 to Monet and to Giverny. 706 01:03:37,915 --> 01:03:41,357 707 01:03:41,358 --> 01:03:45,520 We often think of Monet's paintings of his water lily pond 708 01:03:45,521 --> 01:03:49,045 and his garden quite rightly as very peaceful scenes, 709 01:03:49,046 --> 01:03:52,808 but in fact, the war inhabits them, 710 01:03:52,809 --> 01:03:55,171 and inhabits every inch of them 711 01:03:55,172 --> 01:03:57,333 because they were painted during the war. 712 01:03:57,334 --> 01:03:59,615 But in fact, many of them do reflect very directly 713 01:03:59,616 --> 01:04:03,139 Monet's visions about the war. 714 01:04:03,140 --> 01:04:06,782 715 01:04:06,783 --> 01:04:11,307 Monet's eyesight kept deteriorating, 716 01:04:11,308 --> 01:04:15,071 but instead of putting his brushes down, 717 01:04:15,072 --> 01:04:19,153 this time he embraced the illness, 718 01:04:20,437 --> 01:04:24,640 making it part of a new artistic vision. 719 01:04:24,641 --> 01:04:28,323 720 01:04:32,569 --> 01:04:35,771 One of the things he said 721 01:04:35,772 --> 01:04:38,975 when he was asked what and how he was doing 722 01:04:38,976 --> 01:04:43,099 his painting and his approach was, 723 01:04:43,100 --> 01:04:46,582 "Imagine you're blind, 724 01:04:46,583 --> 01:04:48,384 and you're trying to see the world anew, 725 01:04:48,385 --> 01:04:50,506 juxtaposing shapes and colors in a different way." 726 01:04:50,507 --> 01:04:55,110 727 01:05:03,400 --> 01:05:06,882 And, quite ironically, 728 01:05:06,883 --> 01:05:11,046 the fact that his eyesight deteriorated, 729 01:05:11,969 --> 01:05:16,692 in a way enabled him to see the world anew, 730 01:05:16,693 --> 01:05:20,216 as he once said, 731 01:05:20,217 --> 01:05:24,517 "By seeing shapes and colors in a different way." 732 01:05:26,703 --> 01:05:30,803 Somehow what this new failing eyesight did was 733 01:05:30,827 --> 01:05:35,431 it helped him to reinvent a vision, 734 01:05:35,432 --> 01:05:38,913 and became a strength, 735 01:05:38,915 --> 01:05:40,556 because it helped him to create 736 01:05:40,557 --> 01:05:42,637 an entirely new body of work. 737 01:05:42,638 --> 01:05:46,081 738 01:06:06,863 --> 01:06:10,665 The world became a real blur. 739 01:06:10,666 --> 01:06:14,470 His garden became otherworldly. 740 01:06:14,471 --> 01:06:17,272 Flowers swayed like wraiths. 741 01:06:18,075 --> 01:06:21,676 The water looked eerie. 742 01:06:21,677 --> 01:06:24,279 And yet, he found his own way to portray the landscape 743 01:06:24,281 --> 01:06:27,443 once again. 744 01:06:27,444 --> 01:06:30,245 745 01:06:40,257 --> 01:06:44,260 The Japanese bridges he painted in those years 746 01:06:44,261 --> 01:06:46,862 are dripping blood, 747 01:06:46,863 --> 01:06:52,663 the blood of the soldiers who lost their lives in battle. 748 01:06:54,391 --> 01:06:59,275 What he did by painting a simple feature from his garden 749 01:06:59,276 --> 01:07:06,076 was try to represent the pain of an entire nation. 750 01:07:06,123 --> 01:07:10,165 751 01:07:12,889 --> 01:07:16,772 Just a few steps away from the water lilies, 752 01:07:16,773 --> 01:07:21,736 he found something else to paint, 753 01:07:21,737 --> 01:07:25,420 754 01:07:29,745 --> 01:07:34,970 which became a new symbol. 755 01:07:35,671 --> 01:07:39,351 The weeping willows became a self-portrait. 756 01:07:41,157 --> 01:07:46,038 They became the portrait of an old tortured man 757 01:07:47,603 --> 01:07:53,403 somehow bent by the burden and the pain of war. 758 01:07:56,693 --> 01:08:01,375 759 01:08:11,108 --> 01:08:16,551 760 01:08:16,553 --> 01:08:20,675 His brush mimicked the swarming of the soldiers at the front. 761 01:08:21,358 --> 01:08:25,401 It was as restless as his tormented soul, 762 01:08:25,402 --> 01:08:29,804 but it made him feel impotent nonetheless. 763 01:08:29,805 --> 01:08:33,568 So the act of painting the water lilies 764 01:08:33,569 --> 01:08:36,412 became his act of nonviolent resistance 765 01:08:36,413 --> 01:08:40,815 against the abominations of the war. 766 01:08:40,816 --> 01:08:44,460 And the more intense the war got, 767 01:08:44,461 --> 01:08:47,822 the more intensely he started to work 768 01:08:47,823 --> 01:08:50,666 on his canvases. 769 01:08:50,667 --> 01:08:53,548 And he started to call this project La Grand Decoration. 770 01:08:55,031 --> 01:08:59,194 The two old friends went down parallel paths. 771 01:08:59,196 --> 01:09:03,837 They had different goals, but the same growing commitment. 772 01:09:03,839 --> 01:09:07,523 One was heading towards peace, 773 01:09:07,524 --> 01:09:10,886 the other was inciting war. 774 01:09:13,690 --> 01:09:16,892 Despite his age, 775 01:09:16,893 --> 01:09:19,215 Clemenceau kept going to the front 776 01:09:19,216 --> 01:09:22,057 to encourage the soldiers to resist. 777 01:09:22,058 --> 01:09:25,421 And from his newspaper columns, 778 01:09:25,422 --> 01:09:27,663 he did the same with the French civilians. 779 01:09:27,663 --> 01:09:30,865 Many of them were starving. 780 01:09:30,866 --> 01:09:33,988 And he started to become known as Pere de la Victoire, 781 01:09:33,990 --> 01:09:37,553 the father of victory. 782 01:09:37,554 --> 01:09:40,555 783 01:09:48,884 --> 01:09:53,689 The violence of the world around him was too much to bear. 784 01:09:53,690 --> 01:09:57,653 His response would be an act of peace. 785 01:09:57,654 --> 01:10:01,456 A reminder of the cruelty of men. 786 01:10:02,859 --> 01:10:07,863 787 01:10:36,933 --> 01:10:41,617 Monet had painted a huge number of canvases in his garden, 788 01:10:41,618 --> 01:10:45,301 but what he intended to do with them 789 01:10:45,302 --> 01:10:49,184 didn't become clear until after the war. 790 01:10:52,188 --> 01:10:57,312 791 01:11:25,582 --> 01:11:30,584 792 01:11:31,588 --> 01:11:36,392 793 01:11:36,393 --> 01:11:40,476 The army cannot wait another 48 hours. 794 01:11:40,477 --> 01:11:43,959 The allies could grant the armistice 795 01:11:43,960 --> 01:11:46,121 or fight on to unconditional surrender. 796 01:11:46,122 --> 01:11:49,445 Georges Clemenceau, the war time French leader, 797 01:11:49,446 --> 01:11:52,327 urged that the Allies should march triumphant into Berlin. 798 01:11:52,329 --> 01:11:56,010 Our own General Pershing said, 799 01:11:56,011 --> 01:11:58,012 "Complete victory can only be obtained 800 01:11:58,013 --> 01:12:00,135 by continuing the war 801 01:12:00,136 --> 01:12:01,857 until we force unconditional surrender." 802 01:12:01,858 --> 01:12:04,900 But the world would not listen. 803 01:12:04,901 --> 01:12:07,142 So golden was the thought of peace 804 01:12:07,143 --> 01:12:09,144 that the armistice was granted. 805 01:12:09,145 --> 01:12:11,186 We celebrate, 806 01:12:11,187 --> 01:12:13,509 not only because the war was over, 807 01:12:13,510 --> 01:12:15,791 but because it seemed that we had put an end 808 01:12:15,792 --> 01:12:17,993 to German militarism forever. 809 01:12:17,994 --> 01:12:21,156 810 01:12:50,306 --> 01:12:53,909 After the war, 811 01:12:53,910 --> 01:12:55,030 Monet decided to donate 812 01:12:55,031 --> 01:12:56,712 some paintings to the state, 813 01:12:56,713 --> 01:12:58,554 and he would do so. 814 01:12:58,555 --> 01:13:00,195 He'd hand them over on the day after the armistice. 815 01:13:00,196 --> 01:13:03,479 Clemenceau wanted those paintings 816 01:13:03,480 --> 01:13:06,321 to become a symbol of hope and peace, 817 01:13:06,322 --> 01:13:10,084 and he managed to secure an entire museum 818 01:13:10,085 --> 01:13:13,409 to exhibit La Grand Decoration. 819 01:13:13,410 --> 01:13:17,012 And I think in his old age, 820 01:13:17,013 --> 01:13:20,536 Monet understood that this offer 821 01:13:20,537 --> 01:13:23,018 was probably the last opportunity he had 822 01:13:23,019 --> 01:13:26,100 to be remembered. 823 01:13:26,101 --> 01:13:28,903 824 01:14:00,256 --> 01:14:04,138 La Grand Decoration was his last 825 01:14:04,139 --> 01:14:07,663 great experimental work. 826 01:14:07,664 --> 01:14:10,184 He wanted to create, which was a groundbreaking idea, 827 01:14:10,186 --> 01:14:13,147 a sort of virtual reality. 828 01:14:13,148 --> 01:14:15,591 And he designed the space in such a way 829 01:14:15,592 --> 01:14:17,952 that the paintings would surround the viewers, 830 01:14:17,954 --> 01:14:21,757 creating an immersive experience. 831 01:14:21,758 --> 01:14:26,201 They also oriented the space east to west 832 01:14:27,363 --> 01:14:32,127 so that natural light could move 833 01:14:32,128 --> 01:14:36,131 in the same way it would have moved in his garden 834 01:14:36,132 --> 01:14:38,854 hitting the water lily ponds, 835 01:14:38,855 --> 01:14:41,175 so that when you saw those paintings, 836 01:14:41,176 --> 01:14:44,739 you could just see the light shift. 837 01:14:46,022 --> 01:14:50,706 Monet at last was going to have a public space 838 01:14:50,707 --> 01:14:54,830 entirely devoted to his art. 839 01:14:54,831 --> 01:14:58,513 840 01:15:04,721 --> 01:15:08,363 So the paintings had to be perfect, 841 01:15:08,364 --> 01:15:10,365 and he kept painting, and painting, and painting. 842 01:15:10,366 --> 01:15:14,568 843 01:15:18,454 --> 01:15:22,818 He probably knew that somehow, when he finished the paintings, 844 01:15:22,818 --> 01:15:26,101 that... 845 01:15:26,102 --> 01:15:28,343 His life would cease to have any meaning, 846 01:15:28,344 --> 01:15:33,108 and so he kept pushing the deadline forward. 847 01:15:33,109 --> 01:15:37,231 Clemenceau felt betrayed by his friend, 848 01:15:37,232 --> 01:15:42,157 and he wrote to him, 849 01:15:42,158 --> 01:15:44,838 "If I love you it's because 850 01:15:45,642 --> 01:15:50,244 I gave myself to the person I believed you to be. 851 01:15:50,245 --> 01:15:53,969 But if you're no longer this person, 852 01:15:53,970 --> 01:15:56,171 then I shall continue to admire your paintings, 853 01:15:56,172 --> 01:16:00,134 but we shall no longer be friends." 854 01:16:17,714 --> 01:16:22,397 855 01:16:22,398 --> 01:16:26,880 Georges Clemenceau did go to Giverny one last time in 1926. 856 01:16:29,125 --> 01:16:32,886 His old friend Claude Monet had passed away. 857 01:16:42,297 --> 01:16:46,381 It was probably a good thing that Monet had died 858 01:16:46,382 --> 01:16:49,144 by the time the exhibition opened 859 01:16:49,145 --> 01:16:50,666 at the Orangerie in May 1927, 860 01:16:50,667 --> 01:16:54,308 because the reviews were terrible. 861 01:16:54,309 --> 01:16:57,472 One critic said that Monet had been buried twice, 862 01:16:57,473 --> 01:17:02,437 once in Giverny and once in the Orangerie. 863 01:17:03,199 --> 01:17:06,721 864 01:17:07,884 --> 01:17:11,927 I guess it must have been heartbreaking 865 01:17:11,928 --> 01:17:13,689 for Clemenceau to read those reviews 866 01:17:13,690 --> 01:17:16,330 because he had shared this ambitious dream of Monet 867 01:17:16,331 --> 01:17:19,695 and had followed him from the very beginning. 868 01:17:19,696 --> 01:17:24,638 869 01:17:25,139 --> 01:17:30,739 And he knew, well, he believed that those pieces, 870 01:17:33,028 --> 01:17:36,327 that the paintings were masterpieces. 871 01:17:38,915 --> 01:17:43,957 872 01:17:48,163 --> 01:17:52,166 And then the Orangerie became known 873 01:17:52,166 --> 01:17:55,530 as a desolate place in the heart of the city. 874 01:17:59,816 --> 01:18:04,978 875 01:18:12,709 --> 01:18:16,752 But if Monet was buried at the Orangerie, 876 01:18:16,753 --> 01:18:19,915 fortunately for him, 877 01:18:19,916 --> 01:18:23,117 that's also where he had his resurrection. 878 01:18:23,760 --> 01:18:26,321 879 01:18:35,852 --> 01:18:39,775 Pollock was a dominant force, 880 01:18:39,776 --> 01:18:41,696 even before his sudden death made him a hero. 881 01:18:41,697 --> 01:18:44,379 Exploring pure paint with an epic private vision. 882 01:18:44,380 --> 01:18:47,863 Total physical immersion in the painting process. 883 01:18:47,864 --> 01:18:51,425 Pollock embodied the vigor 884 01:18:51,427 --> 01:18:53,348 and set the pace for the New York School. 885 01:18:53,349 --> 01:18:55,951 886 01:18:55,952 --> 01:19:00,434 Just like the most resilient seed keeps traveling 887 01:19:00,434 --> 01:19:03,437 until it finds the perfect soil, 888 01:19:03,438 --> 01:19:07,938 Monet's art had to cross a much larger pond to flourish, 889 01:19:08,284 --> 01:19:12,527 landing over the Atlantic Ocean. 890 01:19:14,971 --> 01:19:18,573 In the middle of the 1950s, 891 01:19:18,574 --> 01:19:20,335 a group of young painters 892 01:19:20,336 --> 01:19:21,736 was shaking the art world 893 01:19:21,737 --> 01:19:23,457 by its roots. 894 01:19:23,458 --> 01:19:25,459 Their physical approach to the canvas, 895 01:19:25,460 --> 01:19:28,743 the obsessive repetition of a subject, 896 01:19:28,744 --> 01:19:32,027 and the large scale of their works, 897 01:19:32,028 --> 01:19:34,349 owed much to the old master of impressionism. 898 01:19:34,350 --> 01:19:37,032 And thanks to these artists, 899 01:19:37,032 --> 01:19:39,473 Giverny's gates opened 900 01:19:39,474 --> 01:19:41,156 to a new generation of young pilgrims. 901 01:19:41,157 --> 01:19:44,478 Oddly enough, the man who had spent his entire life 902 01:19:44,479 --> 01:19:47,562 chasing nature in its truest form, 903 01:19:47,563 --> 01:19:50,045 to the point of becoming its slave, 904 01:19:50,046 --> 01:19:52,567 was elected as the forerunner of the new abstract movement, 905 01:19:52,568 --> 01:19:57,692 extending his legacy into modern art. 906 01:20:06,742 --> 01:20:11,746 907 01:20:26,282 --> 01:20:31,124 908 01:20:59,554 --> 01:21:04,559 909 01:21:10,565 --> 01:21:14,568 As we step inside his last masterpiece, 910 01:21:14,568 --> 01:21:18,933 we get a glimpse of what he has achieved. 911 01:21:20,456 --> 01:21:23,939 His artistic testament. 912 01:21:23,940 --> 01:21:26,580 The culmination of his life-long quest. 913 01:21:26,581 --> 01:21:30,145 These majestic canvases enclose the entire universe 914 01:21:30,146 --> 01:21:33,348 in a small detail, 915 01:21:33,349 --> 01:21:36,031 capturing time and space within a frame. 916 01:21:36,032 --> 01:21:39,593 In just a portion of his world, 917 01:21:39,594 --> 01:21:42,437 we find the seed of a vision we are all familiar with. 918 01:21:42,438 --> 01:21:46,600 Through blindness he loosened the reins of perception, 919 01:21:46,601 --> 01:21:49,603 caressing the truth. 920 01:21:49,604 --> 01:21:51,846 His piercing gaze leaves us powerless, 921 01:21:51,847 --> 01:21:54,209 prey to the absolute. 922 01:21:54,210 --> 01:21:57,371 Carried away from reality, we dive into a reflection, 923 01:21:59,095 --> 01:22:02,737 a phantasm of water and light. 924 01:22:02,738 --> 01:22:06,340 That light, his light, is ours at last. 925 01:22:08,623 --> 01:22:12,707 926 01:22:14,790 --> 01:22:18,793 And when our eyes, filled with his art, 927 01:22:18,794 --> 01:22:21,316 finally drift away, 928 01:22:21,317 --> 01:22:23,678 time steps in, 929 01:22:23,679 --> 01:22:26,881 making everything new... again. 930 01:22:27,483 --> 01:22:30,243 931 01:23:21,097 --> 01:23:26,380 932 01:24:03,539 --> 01:24:08,342 933 01:24:13,028 --> 01:24:18,032 934 01:24:27,282 --> 01:24:32,365 935 01:26:10,425 --> 01:26:15,509 936 01:26:51,427 --> 01:26:56,509 937 01:28:22,237 --> 01:28:27,600 63932

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