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MAN: From the White House
and the office
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of the President of
the United States,
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00:00:25,993 --> 00:00:28,362
we present an address
by Dwight D. Eisenhower.
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00:00:28,396 --> 00:00:31,065
This is the farewell address
for President Eisenhower,
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00:00:31,099 --> 00:00:32,966
whose eight years as
chief executive
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00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:35,236
come to an end
at noon Friday.
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00:00:35,269 --> 00:00:37,638
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER:
Good evening,
my fellow Americans.
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00:00:37,671 --> 00:00:41,575
We now stand
10 years past
the midpoint of a century
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that has witnessed
four major wars
among great nations.
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Three of these
involved our own country.
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We have been
compelled to create
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00:00:51,885 --> 00:00:56,023
a permanent armaments industry
of vast proportions.
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00:00:56,056 --> 00:00:58,892
Three and a half million
men and women
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00:00:58,926 --> 00:01:02,363
are directly engaged
in the defense establishment.
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00:01:02,396 --> 00:01:05,733
Now, this conjunction
of an immense
military establishment
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00:01:05,766 --> 00:01:11,239
and a large arms industry
is new in
the American experience.
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We recognize the imperative
need for this development,
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yet we must not fail
to comprehend
its grave implications.
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MAN: What are we fighting for?
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Why do we bury
our sons and brothers
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in lonely graves
far from home?
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Our men are dying to
preserve a way of life.
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These privileges,
these rights,
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if precious
enough to fight for,
precious enough to die for.
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00:02:06,026 --> 00:02:07,261
(CAR HONKING)
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00:02:18,506 --> 00:02:22,075
McCAIN: The United States
is the greatest force
for good in the world.
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And we have,
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not an obligation to go out
and fight and start wars,
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but to certainly
do everything we can
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to spread democracy and
freedom throughout the world.
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We shall pay any price,
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bear any burden,
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to assure the survival
and the success of liberty.
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WOMAN: What are we
fighting for?
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Freedom.
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Freedom.
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I think we fight
because it's necessary
and because it's right.
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PRESIDENT BUSH SR.:
We're not talking simply
about the price of gas.
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We are talking about
the price of liberty.
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00:02:57,911 --> 00:03:00,814
PRESIDENT JOHNSON:
We seek neither territory
nor bases.
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We fight for the principle
of self-determination.
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America's strength and, yes,
her military power
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00:03:06,220 --> 00:03:09,757
have been a force for peace,
not conquest.
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00:03:09,790 --> 00:03:13,427
PRESIDENT CLINTON: By keeping
our military strong,
by using force where we must,
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00:03:13,461 --> 00:03:18,131
America is making
a difference for people here
and around the world.
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PRESIDENT BUSH JR.:
Our cause is just.
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And no matter
how long it takes,
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00:03:23,404 --> 00:03:26,640
we will defeat
the enemies of freedom.
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00:03:37,851 --> 00:03:39,553
SEKZER: I was
on my way into work
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00:03:39,587 --> 00:03:43,123
and I was taking the subway,
which is an elevated subway.
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And as the subway
heads to New York,
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00:03:46,894 --> 00:03:51,532
there comes a point
where it makes a very
abrupt left-hand turn,
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almost--almost
a 90 degree turn.
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And when it does that,
the wheels of the subway
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always screech loudly.
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00:03:58,472 --> 00:04:00,374
(SUBWAY WHEELS SCREECHING)
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00:04:00,408 --> 00:04:02,976
If you look out the window,
that's when you can see
the World Trade Center.
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00:04:03,010 --> 00:04:06,146
I was sitting on
the subway reading,
as I always do.
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00:04:06,179 --> 00:04:09,383
Train made
the left-hand turn,
the wheels screeched,
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00:04:09,417 --> 00:04:12,320
everybody in the car jumped up
and started to gasp.
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00:04:12,353 --> 00:04:14,121
(GASPING)
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00:04:14,154 --> 00:04:19,026
And I look up,
and there's the building
with smoke pouring out of it.
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I didn't know if that
was my son's building,
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00:04:23,263 --> 00:04:28,135
because Tower One
and Tower Two were
in perfect symmetry.
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00:04:28,168 --> 00:04:31,238
And I didn't know
which tower I'm looking at.
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00:04:31,271 --> 00:04:33,040
And I'm just thinking
to myself, you know,
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how did my son
get, get out of there?
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00:04:34,975 --> 00:04:36,710
Well, I don't know how,
but he got out of there.
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00:04:36,744 --> 00:04:38,612
There's no two ways
about that.
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00:04:38,646 --> 00:04:43,083
He can't be in there,
'cause anybody who's
in there is gonna die.
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00:04:52,326 --> 00:04:55,162
JOHNSON: Blowback.
It's a CIA term.
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00:04:55,195 --> 00:04:57,130
Blowback does not mean simply
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the unintended consequences
of foreign operations.
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00:05:00,100 --> 00:05:02,836
It means
the unintended consequences
of foreign operations
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00:05:02,870 --> 00:05:06,206
that were
deliberately kept secret
from the American public,
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00:05:06,239 --> 00:05:08,609
so that when
the retaliation comes
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00:05:08,642 --> 00:05:11,244
the American public
is not able to
put it in context,
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00:05:11,278 --> 00:05:13,814
to put cause
and effect together.
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00:05:13,847 --> 00:05:16,650
That they come up
with questions like,
"Why do they hate us?"
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00:05:16,684 --> 00:05:19,787
MAN 1: The forces of evil
declared war
on the American...
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00:05:19,820 --> 00:05:22,656
Not since Pearl Harbor
has there been so
much national rage.
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00:05:22,690 --> 00:05:24,224
MAN 2: Freedom and
democracy are under attack.
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MAN 3: Why do they hate us?
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00:05:25,926 --> 00:05:27,761
That's the question
everybody's asking.
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00:05:27,795 --> 00:05:30,631
JOHNSON: Our government
did not want
the forensic question asked,
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00:05:30,664 --> 00:05:32,199
"What were their motives?"
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00:05:32,232 --> 00:05:36,036
And instead, chose to say
they were just evildoers.
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And the towers keep falling.
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00:05:37,638 --> 00:05:40,941
Every five minutes,
there go the tower again.
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00:05:40,974 --> 00:05:43,010
I got on the phone.
I called NBC.
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00:05:43,043 --> 00:05:45,145
"I'm listening
to your newscast.
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00:05:45,178 --> 00:05:47,014
"How many times
are you gonna show
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"those goddamn towers
coming down?
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00:05:50,418 --> 00:05:53,020
"Don't you have
any respect for the people
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"who have family
and friends in those towers?
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"Do we have to keep
watching them fall down?
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"I watched them fall
down 50 times already.
When are you gonna stop?
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00:06:02,430 --> 00:06:04,164
"Please stop.
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00:06:04,197 --> 00:06:06,400
"You're ripping
my heart out."
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00:06:06,434 --> 00:06:09,136
MAN: ...to win a war
against people
that hate freedom.
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00:06:09,169 --> 00:06:11,405
SEKZER: God gave me two
of the greatest sons
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that any parent
could ever ask for.
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Why he took one back,
I'll never know.
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(PEOPLE CLAPPING)
I can hear you.
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The rest of
the world hears you.
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And the people...
And the people
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who knocked
these buildings down
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will hear all of us soon.
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(PEOPLE CHEERING)
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ALL: U.S.A.! U.S.A.!
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Somebody had to pay
for this.
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00:06:36,163 --> 00:06:38,331
Somebody had to pay
for 9/11.
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I... I want enemy dead.
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I want to see
their bodies stacked up
for what they did,
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for taking my son.
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00:07:04,157 --> 00:07:06,960
*(PEOPLE SINGING)
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00:07:06,994 --> 00:07:11,799
There was a moment when
the entire world
was behind us.
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00:07:11,832 --> 00:07:15,002
There was a million people
demonstrating in
the streets of Tehran
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in favor of the United States.
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We had the world behind us.
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(GUN FIRING)
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CIRINCIONE:
Now kids are dying.
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00:07:35,523 --> 00:07:38,158
Billions are being spent
every month.
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00:07:39,893 --> 00:07:43,196
Animosity against
the United States
is stronger now
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00:07:43,230 --> 00:07:45,933
than it ever has been
in history.
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What happened here?
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00:07:48,736 --> 00:07:52,305
Is it just the, the experience
of September 11th?
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00:07:52,339 --> 00:07:55,643
Or is there
something else going on here?
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00:07:55,676 --> 00:07:58,612
When something
like this happens,
you gotta take stock of this.
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00:07:58,646 --> 00:08:01,515
You gotta understand
what went wrong here.
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00:08:14,261 --> 00:08:18,065
We live here in
the United States of amnesia.
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00:08:18,098 --> 00:08:20,300
No one remembers anything
before Monday morning.
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Everything is a blank.
We have no history.
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00:08:23,103 --> 00:08:25,372
MAN: Guatemala, 1954.
135
00:08:25,405 --> 00:08:28,041
The United States
intervened unilaterally
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00:08:28,075 --> 00:08:29,943
to protect
its vital interests.
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00:08:29,977 --> 00:08:32,012
Lebanon, 1958.
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00:08:32,045 --> 00:08:34,481
The United States feels
its policy of containment
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00:08:34,514 --> 00:08:36,216
in the Middle East
is threatened,
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00:08:36,249 --> 00:08:39,019
responds openly
and unilaterally.
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00:08:39,052 --> 00:08:43,223
The United States
intervened in Laos,
the Congo, Brazil.
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00:08:43,256 --> 00:08:45,058
There are so many theories
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00:08:45,092 --> 00:08:48,261
about what happened in Iraq
and why we really went in.
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00:08:48,295 --> 00:08:50,230
But when
you look at the history
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00:08:50,263 --> 00:08:52,532
of the United States,
almost every president,
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00:08:52,566 --> 00:08:55,068
there is
something we don't like
somewhere in the world
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00:08:55,102 --> 00:08:57,605
and we've gotta
dispense military force.
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00:08:57,638 --> 00:08:59,873
MAN: Ronald Reagan
invaded Grenada in 1983.
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00:08:59,907 --> 00:09:03,110
Last night, I ordered U.S.
military forces to Panama.
150
00:09:03,143 --> 00:09:06,113
LEWIS: This is not
about one president
or one party.
151
00:09:06,146 --> 00:09:09,116
We fight as a nation
because we perceive
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00:09:09,149 --> 00:09:11,218
it is in our interest
to fight.
153
00:09:11,251 --> 00:09:14,154
And we then mention
words like "freedom"
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00:09:14,187 --> 00:09:15,889
and--and nice common
values that...
155
00:09:15,923 --> 00:09:17,490
Who can be against freedom?
156
00:09:17,524 --> 00:09:22,462
When, in fact, much more has
been going on privately.
157
00:09:22,495 --> 00:09:25,398
Just completed
a meeting with
our National Security Team,
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00:09:25,432 --> 00:09:29,369
and we've received
the latest, um,
intelligence updates.
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00:09:31,171 --> 00:09:33,040
The deliberate
and deadly attacks
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00:09:33,073 --> 00:09:36,877
which were
carried out yesterday
against our country
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00:09:36,910 --> 00:09:39,246
were more than
acts of terror.
162
00:09:39,279 --> 00:09:41,915
They were acts of war.
163
00:09:41,949 --> 00:09:46,253
JOHNSON: September 11th, 2001,
provided a group of people
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00:09:46,286 --> 00:09:50,090
deeply committed
to the expansion of
the American empire
165
00:09:50,123 --> 00:09:52,425
the opportunity
to implement plans
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00:09:52,459 --> 00:09:55,362
that they had been laying
since 1992.
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00:09:55,395 --> 00:09:57,865
At that time,
a young Paul Wolfowitz
168
00:09:57,898 --> 00:10:01,034
was working in
a subordinate position
under Dick Cheney,
169
00:10:01,068 --> 00:10:03,536
who was then
Secretary of Defense
in the Pentagon.
170
00:10:03,570 --> 00:10:07,140
With the collapse of
the Soviet Union in 1991,
171
00:10:07,174 --> 00:10:12,312
Cheney orders
Wolfowitz to write a plan,
to write a grand strategy.
172
00:10:12,345 --> 00:10:14,247
That it was now our destiny.
173
00:10:14,281 --> 00:10:15,783
That without
the Soviet Union,
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00:10:15,816 --> 00:10:17,484
there is no one
who can possibly
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00:10:17,517 --> 00:10:19,853
approach us in military terms.
176
00:10:19,887 --> 00:10:21,955
It says that's the way
it ought to be,
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00:10:21,989 --> 00:10:26,093
and our policy must be
to maintain and expand that.
178
00:10:26,126 --> 00:10:28,528
That we are the new Rome.
179
00:10:29,396 --> 00:10:31,164
That's their strategy.
180
00:10:31,198 --> 00:10:33,767
On 9/11,
they began to implement it.
181
00:10:33,801 --> 00:10:36,336
It's not just simply
a matter of capturing people
182
00:10:36,369 --> 00:10:38,005
and holding them accountable,
183
00:10:38,038 --> 00:10:41,709
but removing the sanctuaries,
removing the support systems,
184
00:10:41,742 --> 00:10:43,877
ending states
who sponsor terror...
185
00:10:43,911 --> 00:10:47,580
The people who came
in with the President,
or many of them, anyway,
186
00:10:47,614 --> 00:10:51,551
were certainly
prepared to shift direction,
187
00:10:51,584 --> 00:10:54,287
and in,
in a r-radical direction.
188
00:10:54,321 --> 00:10:56,156
I think it's fair
to say radical.
189
00:10:56,189 --> 00:10:57,725
When September 11th happened,
190
00:10:57,758 --> 00:10:59,760
the President
and his top advisors
191
00:10:59,793 --> 00:11:01,929
said to themselves,
correctly I think,
192
00:11:01,962 --> 00:11:04,631
"We need to rethink
American foreign policy."
193
00:11:04,664 --> 00:11:06,266
And I think that would
have happened
194
00:11:06,299 --> 00:11:07,901
even without
a September 11th,
195
00:11:07,935 --> 00:11:09,903
but September 11th
was really the event
196
00:11:09,937 --> 00:11:11,872
that changed
American foreign policy.
197
00:11:11,905 --> 00:11:15,175
KWIATKOWSKI: Well, I was in
the Pentagon when we got hit.
198
00:11:15,208 --> 00:11:17,911
You know, I...
Yes, it did change.
199
00:11:17,945 --> 00:11:21,514
It was a very, um,
dramatic and terrible thing,
200
00:11:21,548 --> 00:11:23,416
and it does change
your perspective,
201
00:11:23,450 --> 00:11:26,954
but the war in Iraq
had nothing to do with
the war on terrorism.
202
00:11:26,987 --> 00:11:30,457
That was a huge leap,
a manufactured leap,
203
00:11:30,490 --> 00:11:33,827
in order to implement
a very calculated
204
00:11:33,861 --> 00:11:35,929
and pre-developed
foreign policy.
205
00:11:35,963 --> 00:11:39,833
We must take
the battle to the enemy,
disrupt his plans,
206
00:11:39,867 --> 00:11:43,971
and confront the worst threats
before they emerge.
207
00:11:44,004 --> 00:11:46,573
The Bush Doctrine is
208
00:11:46,606 --> 00:11:51,644
that, uh, preemptive strikes
or preemptive conflicts,
209
00:11:51,678 --> 00:11:54,581
which were never
contemplated in the past,
210
00:11:54,614 --> 00:11:58,251
now have to be contemplated
under certain scenarios.
211
00:11:58,285 --> 00:12:01,121
If you saw a missile
about to be launched
212
00:12:01,154 --> 00:12:04,291
and you could kick it over
before it could be launched,
213
00:12:04,324 --> 00:12:06,359
you'd do it, of course.
214
00:12:06,393 --> 00:12:09,329
If you saw someone
about to shoot at you
215
00:12:09,362 --> 00:12:12,165
and you thought you
could shoot first,
216
00:12:12,199 --> 00:12:14,001
you'd do it.
It's common sense.
217
00:12:14,034 --> 00:12:16,303
I don't know anybody
who doesn't agree with that.
218
00:12:16,336 --> 00:12:19,172
So what's the big fuss
about preemption?
219
00:12:30,383 --> 00:12:33,253
March 19th is a night
I will never forget.
220
00:12:34,587 --> 00:12:37,791
March 19th is one
for the history books.
221
00:12:37,825 --> 00:12:40,460
It's one for my
personal history books.
222
00:12:46,433 --> 00:12:48,101
TOOMEY: When we first got
the phone call,
223
00:12:48,135 --> 00:12:50,370
all we were told was
we have a high
priority mission.
224
00:12:50,403 --> 00:12:52,906
A high value target
was what it was
released to us, was...
225
00:12:52,940 --> 00:12:55,642
Yeah, it was gonna...
It was a leadership target.
226
00:12:55,675 --> 00:12:58,211
The F-117's
an extraordinary machine,
227
00:12:58,245 --> 00:13:00,013
and it is only
ordered forward
228
00:13:00,047 --> 00:13:03,216
uh, on the order
of the President
or the Secretary of Defense.
229
00:13:03,250 --> 00:13:04,584
The first night
of the conflict,
230
00:13:04,617 --> 00:13:06,920
the 117 pilots
were fully trained.
231
00:13:06,954 --> 00:13:09,356
All they had to
do was be briefed,
have the weapons put on.
232
00:13:09,389 --> 00:13:11,391
HOEHN: The whole mission
up to this point
233
00:13:11,424 --> 00:13:13,393
was kept at
the top secret levels.
234
00:13:13,426 --> 00:13:16,796
I think they
really didn't expect
both of us to come back,
235
00:13:16,830 --> 00:13:19,099
which is why
they sent two jets.
236
00:13:19,132 --> 00:13:20,968
TOOMEY: It's now 3:30.
237
00:13:21,001 --> 00:13:23,937
We have to hit
the target at 5:30
or all bets are off.
238
00:13:23,971 --> 00:13:26,573
The President of
the United States
saw a target of opportunity,
239
00:13:26,606 --> 00:13:29,309
and they wanted to
take advantage of it
and they did.
240
00:13:29,342 --> 00:13:32,412
MAN: It's, uh,
quite chilly and cold.
I'm looking southward,
241
00:13:32,445 --> 00:13:35,348
expecting any attacks to
come in from the south.
242
00:13:35,382 --> 00:13:40,253
The choice and the timing
is entirely now in
the hands of the allies.
243
00:13:46,393 --> 00:13:50,197
JOHNSON: The Bush Doctrine
is certainly not
something unprecedented,
244
00:13:50,230 --> 00:13:51,965
unknown in American life.
245
00:13:51,999 --> 00:13:54,167
The statement that we
are going to dominate
246
00:13:54,201 --> 00:13:56,003
the world
through military power,
247
00:13:56,036 --> 00:13:59,973
that we reserve to ourselves
the right of preemptive war,
248
00:14:00,007 --> 00:14:01,741
it is an extreme statement
249
00:14:01,774 --> 00:14:05,312
of what has been there
in the works for a long time.
250
00:14:06,179 --> 00:14:07,881
(GUNS FIRING)
251
00:14:09,116 --> 00:14:11,251
World War II is,
without question,
252
00:14:11,284 --> 00:14:14,687
the formation of
the American military empire.
253
00:14:17,757 --> 00:14:20,793
MAN:
General Dwight D. Eisenhower,
supreme commander in chief,
254
00:14:20,827 --> 00:14:22,562
Allied Expeditionary Force.
255
00:14:22,595 --> 00:14:26,699
I have complete confidence
that the soldiers, sailors,
256
00:14:26,733 --> 00:14:29,736
and airmen of
the United Nations
will demonstrate
257
00:14:29,769 --> 00:14:34,174
that an aroused democracy
is the most
formidable fighting machine
258
00:14:34,207 --> 00:14:36,309
that can be devised.
259
00:14:36,343 --> 00:14:39,947
CIRINCIONE:
Eisenhower was there
and saw it happening.
260
00:14:39,980 --> 00:14:44,051
He had seen the buildup of
the American military
to fight World War II.
261
00:14:44,084 --> 00:14:48,188
In this war, more than
any other in history,
262
00:14:48,221 --> 00:14:51,691
we are on the side of decency
263
00:14:51,724 --> 00:14:54,394
and democracy and liberty.
264
00:14:54,427 --> 00:14:58,698
SUSAN EISENHOWER: He believed
very deeply in the necessity
for World War II
265
00:14:58,731 --> 00:15:03,436
and felt that Nazism
was a terrible tyranny.
266
00:15:03,470 --> 00:15:05,838
And he brought
this conviction
267
00:15:05,872 --> 00:15:09,009
and drive to
defeating Nazi Germany.
268
00:15:09,042 --> 00:15:10,978
MAN: People waited
for this moment,
269
00:15:11,011 --> 00:15:13,746
the culminating victory,
the end of the war.
270
00:15:13,780 --> 00:15:15,382
VIDAL: We were
on top of the world.
271
00:15:15,415 --> 00:15:18,986
We were the only un-wrecked
major power on Earth.
272
00:15:21,288 --> 00:15:23,923
Europe was bleeding to death.
273
00:15:23,957 --> 00:15:26,026
Japan was gone.
274
00:15:26,059 --> 00:15:29,496
Those paper cities
had all been burned up.
275
00:15:30,630 --> 00:15:32,632
So what are we doing?
276
00:15:35,902 --> 00:15:39,739
MAN: At 2:45 in the morning,
August 6th, 1945,
277
00:15:39,772 --> 00:15:42,075
Colonel Tibbets
takes the Enola Gay...
278
00:15:42,109 --> 00:15:44,044
It is an atomic bomb.
279
00:15:44,077 --> 00:15:47,747
It is a harnessing of
the basic power
of the universe.
280
00:15:55,088 --> 00:15:58,058
JOHNSON: The United States
bombed the Japanese city
of Hiroshima
281
00:15:58,091 --> 00:15:59,993
on August 6th, 1945.
282
00:16:00,027 --> 00:16:03,530
And three days later,
they detonated
another atomic bomb
283
00:16:03,563 --> 00:16:05,632
on the city of Nagasaki.
284
00:16:05,665 --> 00:16:09,436
PRESIDENT TRUMAN: What has
been done is
the greatest achievement
285
00:16:09,469 --> 00:16:11,971
of organized science
in history.
286
00:16:13,240 --> 00:16:15,175
VIDAL: I can remember
in the Pacific
287
00:16:15,208 --> 00:16:18,311
when the word spread that
the bombs had been dropped.
288
00:16:18,345 --> 00:16:20,913
99.9% of us were delighted,
289
00:16:20,947 --> 00:16:22,949
because we'd
been convinced that
290
00:16:22,982 --> 00:16:25,152
if Japan was not hit
by nuclear weapons,
291
00:16:25,185 --> 00:16:27,787
one million of us
would be killed.
292
00:16:27,820 --> 00:16:29,922
Drop those bombs and
they will surrender.
293
00:16:29,956 --> 00:16:32,992
Well, they were trying to
surrender all that summer,
294
00:16:33,026 --> 00:16:36,163
but Truman wouldn't listen,
because Truman
wanted to drop the bombs.
295
00:16:36,196 --> 00:16:37,430
MAN: Why?
296
00:16:37,464 --> 00:16:40,533
To show off.
To frighten Stalin.
297
00:16:40,567 --> 00:16:43,303
To change the balance of power
in the world.
298
00:16:43,336 --> 00:16:45,705
To declare war on Communism.
299
00:16:45,738 --> 00:16:48,941
Perhaps we were starting
a preemptive world war.
300
00:16:48,975 --> 00:16:51,078
Eisenhower hated
the dropping of them
301
00:16:51,111 --> 00:16:53,480
and thought it
should not have been done.
302
00:16:53,513 --> 00:16:56,449
JOHN EISENHOWER:
We just thought war was
terrible enough as it was.
303
00:16:56,483 --> 00:17:00,420
I cannot, uh, trace
304
00:17:00,453 --> 00:17:04,691
evolution in
my dad's thinking.
305
00:17:04,724 --> 00:17:07,894
He was complex.
He was a five-star general,
306
00:17:07,927 --> 00:17:10,863
but he was never
a military fanatic, never.
307
00:17:10,897 --> 00:17:15,335
One night in July of '45,
that day,
308
00:17:15,368 --> 00:17:18,037
the Secretary of War
had told my father
309
00:17:18,071 --> 00:17:21,641
about the development of
the atomic weapon,
atomic bomb.
310
00:17:21,674 --> 00:17:23,143
We were sitting
up in his bedroom,
311
00:17:23,176 --> 00:17:26,045
and he said that
his own first impression,
312
00:17:26,079 --> 00:17:31,718
his own emotion,
had been to, uh, to be
feeling down low.
313
00:17:31,751 --> 00:17:34,287
We... He wished
we hadn't invented it.
314
00:17:34,321 --> 00:17:37,524
MAN: In the background
was the growing conflict
between two great powers
315
00:17:37,557 --> 00:17:39,459
to shape the post-war world.
316
00:17:39,492 --> 00:17:41,060
Already an iron curtain
had dropped
317
00:17:41,094 --> 00:17:43,730
around Poland,
Hungary, Yugoslavia.
318
00:17:43,763 --> 00:17:48,201
VIDAL: You see,
we had to fight Communism
wherever it was in the world.
319
00:17:48,235 --> 00:17:50,036
So a decision was made
320
00:17:50,069 --> 00:17:54,040
that the United States
remain militarized,
permanently.
321
00:17:54,073 --> 00:17:56,443
MAN: We lack the weapons
to defend ourselves.
322
00:17:56,476 --> 00:17:58,178
"Build, prepare," is the cry.
323
00:17:58,211 --> 00:18:00,046
Quickly, the government
springs into action
324
00:18:00,079 --> 00:18:02,815
and initiates a gigantic
rearmament program,
325
00:18:02,849 --> 00:18:07,887
a program
designed to make America
the arsenal of democracy.
326
00:18:07,920 --> 00:18:09,456
VIDAL: From that moment on,
327
00:18:09,489 --> 00:18:13,793
the American empire was in
every corner of the Earth.
328
00:18:13,826 --> 00:18:16,163
MAN: In Burma and Iceland...
329
00:18:16,196 --> 00:18:18,431
VIDAL: We were going to
maintain dominance,
330
00:18:18,465 --> 00:18:22,969
not just of Europe
and not just of Japan,
but of the entire globe.
331
00:18:25,505 --> 00:18:29,142
* Oh, gee, I wish
332
00:18:29,176 --> 00:18:33,546
* That I could be
with you tonight *
333
00:18:33,580 --> 00:18:38,451
* Gee, I wish, oh
334
00:18:38,485 --> 00:18:41,388
* And gee, I know
335
00:18:41,421 --> 00:18:46,493
* That everything
would be all right *
336
00:18:46,526 --> 00:18:49,128
* Be all right
337
00:18:50,897 --> 00:18:55,034
* The crickets are singing
a love song *
338
00:18:55,067 --> 00:18:57,036
WOMAN:
What are we fighting for?
339
00:18:57,069 --> 00:18:59,071
Fighting for
continued freedom.
340
00:18:59,105 --> 00:19:03,142
T-t-that's the only way
we're gonna have it,
I think.
341
00:19:03,176 --> 00:19:04,444
Why do we fight?
342
00:19:04,477 --> 00:19:06,078
I think that the...
343
00:19:06,112 --> 00:19:08,215
I honestly don't
have an answer for you.
344
00:19:08,248 --> 00:19:09,782
It's just...
345
00:19:09,816 --> 00:19:11,218
It's the people
who start the war
346
00:19:11,251 --> 00:19:13,052
who know what
they're fighting about.
347
00:19:13,085 --> 00:19:15,988
I think we fight for ideals
and what we believe in, so...
348
00:19:16,022 --> 00:19:18,825
I hope that's what it is.
349
00:19:18,858 --> 00:19:20,327
(PEOPLE CLAPPING)
350
00:19:20,360 --> 00:19:24,297
Today,
we don't have a broad-based
351
00:19:24,331 --> 00:19:29,202
American, uh, feeling about
why we're fighting in Iraq.
352
00:19:29,236 --> 00:19:31,170
People's confidence
in the United States
353
00:19:31,204 --> 00:19:33,005
is not what it was
50 years ago.
354
00:19:33,039 --> 00:19:35,074
It's not what it was
during World War II.
355
00:19:35,107 --> 00:19:37,810
MAN: Yesterday,
U.S.A., precious celluloids,
356
00:19:37,844 --> 00:19:41,981
such as the Why We Fight
orientation films,
familiarizing our soldiers...
357
00:19:42,014 --> 00:19:43,683
KWIATKOWSKI:
You know, it's interesting.
358
00:19:43,716 --> 00:19:45,252
Why We Fight was
actually the title
359
00:19:45,285 --> 00:19:47,454
of a series of
World War II films
360
00:19:47,487 --> 00:19:49,922
that were done by one
of the great directors.
361
00:19:49,956 --> 00:19:53,660
MAN: Master of the art of
motion picture entertainment,
Frank Capra.
362
00:19:53,693 --> 00:19:57,697
KWIATKOWSKI:
The Frank Capra films, even
back then, were propaganda
363
00:19:57,730 --> 00:19:59,799
to kind of build up
a war fever.
364
00:19:59,832 --> 00:20:02,769
MAN: Americans fighting.
365
00:20:02,802 --> 00:20:06,072
KWIATKOWSKI: But given
that it was during
a global world war,
366
00:20:06,105 --> 00:20:09,175
there were a lot of reasons
that Americans embrace.
367
00:20:09,208 --> 00:20:11,110
MAN: We're fighting
for liberty,
368
00:20:11,143 --> 00:20:15,014
the most expensive
luxury known to man.
369
00:20:15,047 --> 00:20:18,651
KWIATKOWSKI: Today,
if you went downtown
to my local town,
370
00:20:18,685 --> 00:20:20,587
and you asked five people
371
00:20:20,620 --> 00:20:23,823
why we're fighting in Iraq,
you'd get five
different answers.
372
00:20:23,856 --> 00:20:26,025
Why do we fight?
I'm not quite sure,
373
00:20:26,058 --> 00:20:29,329
but I think it's, uh,
for power and control,
for greed.
374
00:20:29,362 --> 00:20:32,599
I'm not sure, uh,
if we're fighting
for the oil or not.
375
00:20:32,632 --> 00:20:34,200
We could be. We could not be.
376
00:20:34,233 --> 00:20:36,303
The government has
more knowledge than I know.
377
00:20:36,336 --> 00:20:39,238
I think everybody
has a different idea
why we're there,
378
00:20:39,272 --> 00:20:41,408
and a lot of people think
we shouldn't be.
379
00:20:41,441 --> 00:20:45,044
What we're seeing is
a disconnection of
our American foreign policy
380
00:20:45,077 --> 00:20:48,681
from the citizen,
from the average
American citizen.
381
00:20:48,715 --> 00:20:51,050
WOMAN: Why do we fight?
382
00:20:51,083 --> 00:20:54,921
Oh, I wish we didn't.
I wish we didn't.
383
00:20:54,954 --> 00:20:57,256
Sometimes you have to, though.
384
00:21:00,827 --> 00:21:02,362
(PEOPLE EXCLAIMING)
385
00:21:26,786 --> 00:21:29,356
This is one of my
favorite pictures
of all time,
386
00:21:29,389 --> 00:21:31,891
smiling with his two teeth.
387
00:21:33,460 --> 00:21:35,362
Me and Jason.
388
00:21:35,395 --> 00:21:37,897
What can I do for
my son's memory?
389
00:21:37,930 --> 00:21:39,332
I'm not a millionaire.
390
00:21:39,366 --> 00:21:42,435
I can't build
schools and libraries.
391
00:21:43,936 --> 00:21:47,073
I'm just a regular cop
living on a pension.
392
00:21:48,708 --> 00:21:52,244
I want to be able
to do something
393
00:21:52,278 --> 00:21:57,384
so that hopefully one day
I can go over
to my son's grave
394
00:22:05,892 --> 00:22:09,161
and... I can go
over to my son's grave
395
00:22:10,497 --> 00:22:14,734
and tell him that I've done
something in his memory
396
00:22:16,135 --> 00:22:19,872
that hopefully will be a step
397
00:22:19,906 --> 00:22:22,842
in preventing
another attack like that.
398
00:22:32,485 --> 00:22:37,123
The bomb is designed
to, uh, be delivered
inside a target, so...
399
00:22:37,156 --> 00:22:39,826
My expertise is in
explosive technology,
400
00:22:39,859 --> 00:22:45,632
um, and so are a lot
of my colleagues
here at Indian Head.
401
00:22:45,665 --> 00:22:47,467
ANH DUONG:
When the Pentagon called,
402
00:22:47,500 --> 00:22:49,836
my position then
was the head of
403
00:22:49,869 --> 00:22:52,872
what we call the payload team.
404
00:22:52,905 --> 00:22:57,009
A bomb...
It's--It's the nomenclature
for--for "bomb."
405
00:22:57,043 --> 00:23:00,680
I find it sometimes amusing
when people ask me,
406
00:23:00,713 --> 00:23:02,582
"What do you work in?"
407
00:23:02,615 --> 00:23:06,553
And I would say, "Explosives."
And they would...
408
00:23:06,586 --> 00:23:10,156
But our mission was
to quickly weaponize
409
00:23:10,189 --> 00:23:13,059
what was called a Penetrator.
410
00:23:13,092 --> 00:23:15,094
It basically was a big bomb
411
00:23:15,127 --> 00:23:17,930
engineered to
enhance its blast effect
412
00:23:17,964 --> 00:23:22,469
inside confined structures
such as tunnels,
caves, etcetera.
413
00:23:24,303 --> 00:23:25,438
MAN: We're going to
attack somebody.
414
00:23:25,472 --> 00:23:27,039
We're gonna bomb some place.
415
00:23:27,073 --> 00:23:28,841
There's no question
about that.
416
00:23:28,875 --> 00:23:31,944
The question is,
where are we
gonna do it and why?
417
00:23:31,978 --> 00:23:35,147
Do you think that
after an adversary
gets nuclear weapons
418
00:23:35,181 --> 00:23:39,151
is a better time to
engage that adversary
than now without?
419
00:23:39,185 --> 00:23:41,621
PRESIDENT BUSH JR.:
Iraq continues to
flaunt its hostility
420
00:23:41,654 --> 00:23:43,890
toward America
and to support terror.
421
00:23:43,923 --> 00:23:49,361
This is a regime that
has something to hide
from the civilized world.
422
00:23:49,395 --> 00:23:53,833
The invasion of Iraq
in 2003 is,
423
00:23:53,866 --> 00:23:55,535
to a very
considerable extent,
424
00:23:55,568 --> 00:23:58,404
about repositioning
the United States
425
00:23:58,437 --> 00:24:01,641
as the country
that must be obeyed.
426
00:24:01,674 --> 00:24:04,544
DYER: It's an easy way to
send a signal to the planet
427
00:24:04,577 --> 00:24:06,212
that the United States
is in charge,
428
00:24:06,245 --> 00:24:07,880
and it's going to do
what it wants.
429
00:24:07,914 --> 00:24:12,218
And anybody who
defies the United States
will be punished.
430
00:24:12,251 --> 00:24:16,022
TREADWAY: The decision
to attack Iraqi leadership
at the opening salvo,
431
00:24:16,055 --> 00:24:18,825
it was a bold move,
it was a new
way of making war,
432
00:24:18,858 --> 00:24:22,194
and technology was able to
provide our leadership
that opportunity.
433
00:24:22,228 --> 00:24:24,030
HOEHN: Uh, we had received
this new weapon
434
00:24:24,063 --> 00:24:25,832
called the Enhanced
Guided Bomb Unit-27.
435
00:24:25,865 --> 00:24:28,901
And it was like
the new candy at
the candy store.
436
00:24:28,935 --> 00:24:31,270
We needed something
that was gonna
give us the capability
437
00:24:31,303 --> 00:24:33,105
to strike through the weather
438
00:24:33,139 --> 00:24:35,407
and not worry about having
to bring the bombs home.
439
00:24:35,441 --> 00:24:38,778
MAN: The whole of the city is
still lit very brightly,
440
00:24:38,811 --> 00:24:40,813
but nobody is moving
on the streets whatsoever.
441
00:24:40,847 --> 00:24:44,283
It's like everybody here
is holding their breath.
442
00:24:44,316 --> 00:24:46,218
We really didn't know
who was there
443
00:24:46,252 --> 00:24:49,622
and who was
gonna take the, uh, the blow
of what we were about to do.
444
00:24:49,656 --> 00:24:51,958
Both Colonel Treadway
and I probably
445
00:24:51,991 --> 00:24:53,926
had our suspicions
about who it was.
446
00:24:53,960 --> 00:24:57,196
We had gotten
some indications
that it may be the sons.
447
00:24:57,229 --> 00:24:58,965
It may be Saddam himself.
448
00:24:58,998 --> 00:25:02,168
Assassination.
People sometimes think
with precision weapons
449
00:25:02,201 --> 00:25:05,705
that maybe you can
now assassinate people
from very high altitudes.
450
00:25:05,738 --> 00:25:07,273
I mean, golly.
451
00:25:07,306 --> 00:25:09,942
First of all,
if it's a fixed target,
like a building,
452
00:25:09,976 --> 00:25:12,779
you have the time
to understand it,
its location.
453
00:25:12,812 --> 00:25:15,548
ROCHE: The next hardest target
is one that moves around,
454
00:25:15,582 --> 00:25:18,417
and the single
hardest target of all
is a human being.
455
00:25:18,450 --> 00:25:22,722
Sometimes before
you can bring about
democratic change,
456
00:25:22,755 --> 00:25:25,992
you have to remove
the obstacle to
democratic change.
457
00:25:26,025 --> 00:25:28,294
You have to remove
Saddam Hussein,
458
00:25:28,327 --> 00:25:30,997
because there's no hope for
democracy with Saddam there.
459
00:25:31,030 --> 00:25:36,335
The point,
in many ways, for these guys
wasn't just to topple Saddam.
460
00:25:36,368 --> 00:25:38,470
It was to
transform the Middle East.
461
00:25:38,504 --> 00:25:40,472
They want to take
the U.S. military
462
00:25:40,506 --> 00:25:42,408
and go in and shore up
American interest
463
00:25:42,441 --> 00:25:45,377
in the key area of the world,
464
00:25:45,411 --> 00:25:47,446
and that's their vision.
465
00:25:47,479 --> 00:25:50,282
They want to spread democracy
around the world
466
00:25:50,316 --> 00:25:52,985
on the point of our bayonets.
467
00:25:53,019 --> 00:25:56,122
(MAN SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
468
00:25:56,155 --> 00:25:59,391
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
469
00:25:59,425 --> 00:26:02,061
(WOMAN CONTINUES SPEAKING)
470
00:26:07,133 --> 00:26:10,169
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
471
00:26:18,310 --> 00:26:20,312
(MAN SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
472
00:26:31,157 --> 00:26:33,559
I think most Americans don't
want to police the world,
473
00:26:33,592 --> 00:26:35,895
but I think
most Americans understand
474
00:26:35,928 --> 00:26:40,099
that if we don't at least
help police the world,
then no one's going to.
475
00:26:40,132 --> 00:26:43,102
Where the debate
and controversy begins
476
00:26:43,135 --> 00:26:45,838
is how far does
the United States go?
477
00:26:45,872 --> 00:26:49,876
And when does it go
from a force for good
to a force of imperialism?
478
00:26:49,909 --> 00:26:54,080
KRISTOL: People complain a lot
about American arrogance
and American power,
479
00:26:54,113 --> 00:26:55,682
but the great threat
for the future
480
00:26:55,715 --> 00:26:58,050
is not American power
and American strength.
481
00:26:58,084 --> 00:27:00,586
It would be American weakness
and American withdrawal.
482
00:27:00,619 --> 00:27:02,321
DYER: They do believe that
this is not only for
483
00:27:02,354 --> 00:27:04,456
the long-term benefit
of the United States,
484
00:27:04,490 --> 00:27:07,393
but it's for
the long-term benefit
of everybody else as well.
485
00:27:07,426 --> 00:27:09,195
We'll bring them
American values,
486
00:27:09,228 --> 00:27:10,897
prosperity, peace,
all the rest of it.
487
00:27:10,930 --> 00:27:13,800
But the way we're gonna do
that is to take over,
488
00:27:13,833 --> 00:27:17,203
even more than we did at
the height of the Cold War.
489
00:27:20,239 --> 00:27:22,842
MAN: Three, two, one. Fire!
490
00:27:22,875 --> 00:27:24,643
T-zero.
491
00:27:26,412 --> 00:27:28,447
DYER: After
the second world war,
492
00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:32,685
the United States literally
divided the world
up into commands,
493
00:27:32,719 --> 00:27:35,287
and some American officer
was responsible
494
00:27:35,321 --> 00:27:37,523
for every region
of the world.
495
00:27:38,858 --> 00:27:40,893
There was this domino theory
that if any
496
00:27:40,927 --> 00:27:43,629
of these places
fall to Communism,
497
00:27:43,662 --> 00:27:45,231
then the next place
and the next place
498
00:27:45,264 --> 00:27:46,799
and the next place
will fall as well.
499
00:27:46,833 --> 00:27:49,168
And the next thing you know,
they're in Missouri.
500
00:27:49,201 --> 00:27:53,973
MAN: Once upon a time,
your hometown was safe,
but not now.
501
00:27:54,006 --> 00:27:57,676
It is possible for a rocket
to strike your home
502
00:27:57,710 --> 00:27:59,712
right now, today.
503
00:28:00,847 --> 00:28:01,848
Right now.
504
00:28:04,884 --> 00:28:07,019
And what defense remains?
505
00:28:07,053 --> 00:28:09,121
Strength.
506
00:28:09,155 --> 00:28:11,623
Strength,
ready if we need it.
507
00:28:20,900 --> 00:28:23,502
JOHN EISENHOWER:
When my dad first
became president,
508
00:28:23,535 --> 00:28:24,771
he came in
509
00:28:24,804 --> 00:28:29,241
at the real beginning
of the third nuclear age.
510
00:28:30,943 --> 00:28:33,813
I think we have to put
the 1950s into perspective.
511
00:28:33,846 --> 00:28:36,448
We look back today
and we think the 1950s
512
00:28:36,482 --> 00:28:40,853
was a period of Elvis Presley
and poodle skirts,
513
00:28:40,887 --> 00:28:44,891
but, in fact, it was a very
dangerous period of time.
514
00:28:44,924 --> 00:28:46,993
Defense budgets
throughout the western world
515
00:28:47,026 --> 00:28:50,096
doubled or tripled in
the four years between
'48 and '52.
516
00:28:50,129 --> 00:28:53,465
MAN: The Soviets
are out-producing
America's aircraft factories.
517
00:28:53,499 --> 00:28:55,001
DYER: There is a threat,
518
00:28:55,034 --> 00:28:57,369
but we can't measure
how much is enough
519
00:28:57,403 --> 00:28:59,872
defense spending to
stop the Soviet Union.
520
00:28:59,906 --> 00:29:02,208
So by the time
Eisenhower is president,
521
00:29:02,241 --> 00:29:06,245
there is a huge,
new flow of cash
522
00:29:06,278 --> 00:29:07,914
into defense industries.
523
00:29:07,947 --> 00:29:09,882
SUSAN EISENHOWER: He was
the first to acknowledge
524
00:29:09,916 --> 00:29:11,818
that a permanent
military establishment
525
00:29:11,851 --> 00:29:13,953
would be required
during this period.
526
00:29:13,986 --> 00:29:17,023
But then,
unless we could find
some kind of breakthrough,
527
00:29:17,056 --> 00:29:20,692
that, in fact,
it would end up
creating a terrible cost.
528
00:29:20,726 --> 00:29:25,331
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER:
The cost of one modern
heavy bomber is this:
529
00:29:25,364 --> 00:29:29,168
a modern brick school
in more than 30 cities.
530
00:29:29,201 --> 00:29:30,937
"It is two
electric power plants,
531
00:29:30,970 --> 00:29:33,705
"each serving a town
of 60,000 population.
532
00:29:33,739 --> 00:29:37,509
"It is two fine,
fully equipped hospitals."
533
00:29:37,543 --> 00:29:39,778
We pay for
a single fighter plane
534
00:29:39,812 --> 00:29:41,981
with a half million
bushels of wheat.
535
00:29:42,014 --> 00:29:44,550
"We pay for a single destroyer
with new homes
536
00:29:44,583 --> 00:29:47,086
"that could have housed
more than 8,000 people."
537
00:29:47,119 --> 00:29:52,058
This is not
a way of life at all,
in any true sense.
538
00:29:52,091 --> 00:29:54,026
Under the cloud
of threatening war,
539
00:29:54,060 --> 00:29:56,728
it is humanity hanging
from a cross of iron.
540
00:29:56,762 --> 00:30:00,900
JOHN EISENHOWER: My father,
as president, he had strong
guiding principles.
541
00:30:00,933 --> 00:30:04,203
He used to say modern weapons
take food from the hungry
542
00:30:04,236 --> 00:30:05,905
and shelter
from the homeless.
543
00:30:05,938 --> 00:30:08,975
And so he was fighting with
the Pentagon all the time
544
00:30:09,008 --> 00:30:11,878
for asking for too much,
and Congress for
giving it to them.
545
00:30:11,911 --> 00:30:13,745
I don't think we
should pay one cent
546
00:30:13,779 --> 00:30:15,481
for defense more
than we have to.
547
00:30:15,514 --> 00:30:17,716
CIRINCIONE: Well,
Eisenhower saw us starting
548
00:30:17,749 --> 00:30:20,119
to build
program after program
549
00:30:20,152 --> 00:30:21,921
that was just out of control.
550
00:30:21,954 --> 00:30:25,357
And his own ability to shape
national security policy
551
00:30:25,391 --> 00:30:29,061
was being hemmed in
by these forces
he couldn't control,
552
00:30:29,095 --> 00:30:30,662
and he was the President.
553
00:30:30,696 --> 00:30:32,298
SUSAN EISENHOWER:
On at least one occasion,
554
00:30:32,331 --> 00:30:34,733
Eisenhower was heard to say
by those in the room,
555
00:30:34,766 --> 00:30:37,970
"God help this country
when somebody
sits at this desk
556
00:30:38,004 --> 00:30:41,240
"who doesn't know as much
about the military as I do."
557
00:30:46,545 --> 00:30:48,747
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER:
My fellow Americans,
558
00:30:48,780 --> 00:30:52,851
this evening, I come to you
with a message of
leave-taking and farewell
559
00:30:52,885 --> 00:30:56,755
and to share a few
final thoughts with you,
my countrymen.
560
00:30:57,957 --> 00:30:59,691
We have been
compelled to create
561
00:30:59,725 --> 00:31:04,430
a permanent armaments industry
of vast proportions.
562
00:31:04,463 --> 00:31:07,099
Three and a half million
men and women
563
00:31:07,133 --> 00:31:10,937
are directly engaged
in the defense establishment.
564
00:31:10,970 --> 00:31:16,175
The total influence,
economic, political,
even spiritual,
565
00:31:16,208 --> 00:31:19,578
is felt in every city,
every state house,
566
00:31:19,611 --> 00:31:22,014
every office of
the federal government.
567
00:31:22,048 --> 00:31:25,517
We recognize
the imperative need
for this development,
568
00:31:25,551 --> 00:31:30,422
yet we must not fail
to comprehend its
grave implications.
569
00:31:33,459 --> 00:31:36,728
In the counsels
of government,
we must guard against
570
00:31:36,762 --> 00:31:41,700
the acquisition of
unwarranted influence,
whether sought or unsought
571
00:31:41,733 --> 00:31:45,037
by the
military-industrial complex.
572
00:31:45,071 --> 00:31:49,508
The potential for
the disastrous rise
of misplaced power exists
573
00:31:49,541 --> 00:31:51,077
and will persist.
574
00:31:51,110 --> 00:31:53,212
CIRINCIONE: You have to
realize this is one of
575
00:31:53,245 --> 00:31:55,414
the great presidents,
great military leaders,
576
00:31:55,447 --> 00:31:58,750
on his way out the door
at the end of
his second term.
577
00:31:58,784 --> 00:32:01,087
He says,
"By the way, watch out
578
00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:03,222
"for the
military-industrial complex."
579
00:32:03,255 --> 00:32:04,756
People know that he
invented the phrase
580
00:32:04,790 --> 00:32:06,258
"military-industrial complex."
581
00:32:06,292 --> 00:32:08,394
But very rarely do
you see the whole thing
582
00:32:08,427 --> 00:32:12,098
and realize how utterly
strident his warning was.
583
00:32:12,131 --> 00:32:14,400
I think it's one of the most
profound statements ever made
584
00:32:14,433 --> 00:32:16,235
by an American president.
585
00:32:16,268 --> 00:32:20,039
Just like George Washington
gave his warnings about
foreign entanglements
586
00:32:20,072 --> 00:32:23,142
and things like that,
my dad was giving
his warning against
587
00:32:23,175 --> 00:32:26,778
letting this
military-industrial complex
get out of hand.
588
00:32:26,812 --> 00:32:29,015
We must never let the weight
of this combination
589
00:32:29,048 --> 00:32:32,551
endanger our liberties
or democratic processes.
590
00:32:39,725 --> 00:32:42,428
*(MUSIC PLAYING)
591
00:33:04,116 --> 00:33:08,487
* I want the good life
from now on *
592
00:33:08,520 --> 00:33:10,889
* Come on, baby,
from now on *
593
00:33:10,922 --> 00:33:14,926
* I want the bad days
to be gone *
594
00:33:14,960 --> 00:33:17,696
* Come on, baby,
from now on *
595
00:33:17,729 --> 00:33:19,398
* Tired of working
596
00:33:19,431 --> 00:33:20,599
* He's tired of working
597
00:33:20,632 --> 00:33:22,034
* For my pay
598
00:33:22,068 --> 00:33:24,203
* Tired of working
for his pay *
599
00:33:24,236 --> 00:33:26,972
* I want the good life
600
00:33:29,441 --> 00:33:32,311
* I'm going to change
just you wait and see *
601
00:33:32,344 --> 00:33:35,847
* I'm going to have a lot
of girls chasing after me *
602
00:33:35,881 --> 00:33:39,151
* I'm going to spend every
penny that I ever saved *
603
00:33:39,185 --> 00:33:43,122
* When I move downtown
to my new place *
604
00:33:44,190 --> 00:33:46,758
(ALL EXCLAIMING)
605
00:33:52,898 --> 00:33:57,136
The President has asked
Congress for $401.7 billion
606
00:33:57,169 --> 00:33:59,138
for fiscal year 2005.
607
00:33:59,171 --> 00:34:01,873
BYRD: Our country
spends more on defense
608
00:34:01,907 --> 00:34:07,079
than all of the other
18 members of NATO,
plus China, Russia...
609
00:34:07,113 --> 00:34:11,117
From my standpoint,
I think numbers
almost are distracting.
610
00:34:11,150 --> 00:34:13,819
(HORN BLARING)
611
00:34:13,852 --> 00:34:15,887
*(MUSIC PLAYING)
612
00:34:19,158 --> 00:34:22,194
MAN: This is
a medium machine gun,
7.62 millimeter,
613
00:34:22,228 --> 00:34:24,596
over 450 rounds a minute.
614
00:34:24,630 --> 00:34:27,065
So I'm here to see
the hit-to-kill technology.
615
00:34:27,099 --> 00:34:28,800
I don't know if
you're familiar with it.
616
00:34:28,834 --> 00:34:30,836
But it's--it's
a missile that goes up
617
00:34:30,869 --> 00:34:34,440
and shoots tactical
ballistic missiles
out of the sky.
618
00:34:34,473 --> 00:34:36,275
These are
my two daughters.
619
00:34:36,308 --> 00:34:38,610
McCAIN: President
Eisenhower's concern
620
00:34:38,644 --> 00:34:40,779
about the
military-industrial complex,
621
00:34:40,812 --> 00:34:43,715
his words have,
unfortunately, come true.
622
00:34:43,749 --> 00:34:46,017
He was worried
that priorities are set
623
00:34:46,051 --> 00:34:48,120
by what
benefits corporations,
624
00:34:48,154 --> 00:34:50,422
as opposed to what
benefits the country.
625
00:34:50,456 --> 00:34:54,260
Name any playing card
that will come
into your mind.
626
00:34:54,293 --> 00:34:57,263
One, two, three, name a card.
Perfect.
627
00:34:57,296 --> 00:34:58,730
Now, we've never met before.
628
00:34:58,764 --> 00:35:01,032
No collusion,
which is really odd
629
00:35:01,066 --> 00:35:03,869
because collusion
is our business.
630
00:35:03,902 --> 00:35:06,505
Yes, collusion
with the military.
631
00:35:06,538 --> 00:35:09,375
CIRINCIONE: You know,
people sometimes think
of the defense budget
632
00:35:09,408 --> 00:35:12,211
as you gotta arm the troops,
defend the nation,
633
00:35:12,244 --> 00:35:14,313
but for most people
that are involved in it,
634
00:35:14,346 --> 00:35:16,282
you realize this is business,
635
00:35:16,315 --> 00:35:20,919
competition for contracts
between very
large corporations.
636
00:35:20,952 --> 00:35:23,689
Industry has to have
a bottom line that's black,
637
00:35:23,722 --> 00:35:25,957
otherwise their shareholders
don't like that.
638
00:35:25,991 --> 00:35:28,794
So they have to find ways
to interest the government
639
00:35:28,827 --> 00:35:30,796
in continuing to
buy the product.
640
00:35:30,829 --> 00:35:35,201
TREADWAY: Lockheed Martin
and McDonnell Douglas
and Boeing.
641
00:35:35,234 --> 00:35:37,369
Throughout America
there are factories,
642
00:35:37,403 --> 00:35:40,472
there are corporations,
that are involved
on a daily basis
643
00:35:40,506 --> 00:35:43,542
to produce the weaponry,
the ammunition,
644
00:35:43,575 --> 00:35:45,711
to carry out
the American way of war.
645
00:35:45,744 --> 00:35:47,913
I just want to take
your driver's license.
646
00:35:47,946 --> 00:35:50,616
Hi. Sorry. Cold hands,
cold hands, warm heart.
647
00:35:50,649 --> 00:35:52,984
The overall Raytheon mission,
in general,
648
00:35:53,018 --> 00:35:55,787
is to be the premier
supplier of solutions
649
00:35:55,821 --> 00:35:57,923
and meet all our
customers' needs.
650
00:35:57,956 --> 00:36:01,793
ELLINGTON: Our job is
to provide tactical missiles
for all practical purposes,
651
00:36:01,827 --> 00:36:05,897
Paveway laser-guided bombs,
Tomahawk missiles,
Stinger missiles,
652
00:36:05,931 --> 00:36:09,000
Phalanx, which is
actually a great big gun.
653
00:36:09,034 --> 00:36:11,503
TREADWAY: The American way
of war has been described as
654
00:36:11,537 --> 00:36:15,574
overwhelming firepower
supported by
overwhelming logistics.
655
00:36:15,607 --> 00:36:18,344
For every shooter out there,
every man with a gun,
656
00:36:18,377 --> 00:36:22,514
there are hundreds behind,
supporting,
providing the ammunition,
657
00:36:22,548 --> 00:36:25,784
the boots, the gas
for the tanks, the oil.
658
00:36:27,486 --> 00:36:30,055
I don't guess
I'm real proud of the fact
659
00:36:30,088 --> 00:36:32,891
that I make bombs, you know,
for what they're used for.
660
00:36:32,924 --> 00:36:36,928
WOMAN: I think about,
when I see something
explode over there,
661
00:36:36,962 --> 00:36:41,267
"Did my hands actually help
make that, you know?"
662
00:36:41,300 --> 00:36:44,236
I'd rather really be
helping Santa make toys,
663
00:36:44,270 --> 00:36:46,805
is what I'd really
rather be doing.
664
00:36:46,838 --> 00:36:50,008
ELLINGTON: We try
and connect our people
665
00:36:50,041 --> 00:36:53,945
with the actual guy in
the field, in the plane.
666
00:36:53,979 --> 00:36:56,114
Some of them are
their sons or their daughters.
667
00:36:56,147 --> 00:36:57,916
MAN: Your son is a reservist?
668
00:36:57,949 --> 00:37:01,820
Yes, he is a reservist
with the 652nd Engineers.
669
00:37:01,853 --> 00:37:04,089
Sometimes I'm okay,
670
00:37:04,122 --> 00:37:08,294
and other times,
I could cry a river.
671
00:37:11,062 --> 00:37:12,731
(CLANGING)
672
00:37:14,065 --> 00:37:16,134
You wrap the flag
around every weapon system.
673
00:37:16,167 --> 00:37:18,136
Every weapon system is
supposed to be for the troops.
674
00:37:18,169 --> 00:37:20,339
Give the soldier
the tools they need,
675
00:37:20,372 --> 00:37:24,142
but, really,
what it ends up becoming
is product competition.
676
00:37:24,175 --> 00:37:27,078
SAEGER: If you had the same
car year after year,
677
00:37:27,112 --> 00:37:29,748
if industry didn't
change the car at all,
678
00:37:29,781 --> 00:37:31,216
would you buy
a different car?
679
00:37:31,249 --> 00:37:33,352
No, but when they
come up with something
680
00:37:33,385 --> 00:37:35,621
that's got extra
bells and whistles on it,
681
00:37:35,654 --> 00:37:38,957
that suits
what you need it to do,
then you'll buy more.
682
00:37:38,990 --> 00:37:41,393
SPINNEY: If you look
at the weapons
that we're buying,
683
00:37:41,427 --> 00:37:45,697
new aircraft carriers,
new submarines,
F-22 fighters,
684
00:37:45,731 --> 00:37:48,099
you know, for an attack
that the FBI estimates
685
00:37:48,133 --> 00:37:52,938
probably cost, uh,
Al Qaeda or Osama
500K to pull off,
686
00:37:52,971 --> 00:37:56,975
uh, we are now
spending more than we did
at the peak of Vietnam.
687
00:37:57,008 --> 00:38:00,779
A lot of what's going on
is simply because
people don't understand
688
00:38:00,812 --> 00:38:04,716
the larger architecture
of how the Pentagon operates.
689
00:38:04,750 --> 00:38:07,586
MAN: Mr. Chairman and
distinguished members
of the committee,
690
00:38:07,619 --> 00:38:11,156
I am the U.S.
Air Force program manager
for the Boeing Company.
691
00:38:11,189 --> 00:38:13,392
Let's use the example
of buying a weapon,
692
00:38:13,425 --> 00:38:15,260
like a new fighter
plane for the Air Force.
693
00:38:15,293 --> 00:38:17,996
SPINNEY: The action usually
starts in the Pentagon,
694
00:38:18,029 --> 00:38:19,831
maybe at
the contractors' initiatives,
695
00:38:19,865 --> 00:38:22,033
but, essentially,
everybody's working together.
696
00:38:22,067 --> 00:38:25,404
The KC-767A can
carry up to 190 troops.
697
00:38:25,437 --> 00:38:27,238
Basically,
what you do is you come in
698
00:38:27,272 --> 00:38:29,207
and you low-ball
the initial estimate.
699
00:38:29,240 --> 00:38:31,710
The actual...
Then your cost is
about half that estimate.
700
00:38:31,743 --> 00:38:33,812
SPINNEY: You over-promise
what it's gonna do,
701
00:38:33,845 --> 00:38:36,982
and you underestimate
the kind of burdens
it's gonna impose.
702
00:38:37,015 --> 00:38:40,986
We separately met
with the companies, and both
proposals very good...
703
00:38:41,019 --> 00:38:44,856
Once the Air Force
buys off on it,
then you start flooding money
704
00:38:44,890 --> 00:38:46,725
to as many
congressional districts
705
00:38:46,758 --> 00:38:48,760
as possible,
as quickly as possible.
706
00:38:48,794 --> 00:38:52,464
The B-2 bomber
has a piece of it
made in every single state
707
00:38:52,498 --> 00:38:56,435
to make sure that
if you ever tried
to phase that project out,
708
00:38:56,468 --> 00:38:58,103
you will get howls,
709
00:38:58,136 --> 00:39:00,939
howls from among the most
liberal members of Congress.
710
00:39:00,972 --> 00:39:05,811
I believe in this military.
I am urging the Senate
to support this bill,
711
00:39:05,844 --> 00:39:08,647
$66 billion for our men
and women in uniform.
712
00:39:08,680 --> 00:39:10,749
Well, I just wanna
thank the Chairman
for working with me
713
00:39:10,782 --> 00:39:14,820
in adding $100 million
to upgrade ten
additional B-1 bombers.
714
00:39:14,853 --> 00:39:16,888
And that B-1 has
been a great asset
715
00:39:16,922 --> 00:39:18,590
for the projection
of powerful...
716
00:39:18,624 --> 00:39:21,827
The F-35 Joint
Strike Fighter,
the FA-22 Raptor and...
717
00:39:21,860 --> 00:39:26,698
Because the
military-industrial complex
is not two links, it's three.
718
00:39:26,732 --> 00:39:30,201
It's the military and
the industry and Congress.
719
00:39:30,235 --> 00:39:33,371
For a Congressman,
defense spending means jobs.
720
00:39:33,405 --> 00:39:37,075
Humvees are manufactured
in my district in Mishawaka,
Indiana by...
721
00:39:37,108 --> 00:39:40,646
CIRINCIONE: Losing 100 defense
jobs in his district
722
00:39:40,679 --> 00:39:43,081
could mean 500 votes.
723
00:39:43,114 --> 00:39:45,417
CIRINCIONE: It's not just
100 workers.
724
00:39:45,451 --> 00:39:48,820
It's their spouses.
It's their children.
725
00:39:48,854 --> 00:39:52,190
It's the representative's duty
to bring home the bacon.
726
00:39:52,223 --> 00:39:54,893
I am also grateful
for the work
727
00:39:54,926 --> 00:39:56,394
that the House
Armed Services Committee
728
00:39:56,428 --> 00:40:01,066
has done to fully fund
the FA-22 program this year.
729
00:40:01,099 --> 00:40:03,034
God bless our contractors.
730
00:40:03,068 --> 00:40:05,537
It is our conclusion
that the Lockheed Martin team
731
00:40:05,571 --> 00:40:08,607
is the winner of the Joint
Strike Fighter Program.
732
00:40:08,640 --> 00:40:11,843
*(PIANO PLAYING)
733
00:40:14,813 --> 00:40:17,849
LEWIS: We have a snapshot
in time, after September 11th,
734
00:40:17,883 --> 00:40:21,887
where at least 71 companies
that we were able to identify
735
00:40:21,920 --> 00:40:26,357
are starting to get
contracts to go in in
Afghanistan and Iraq.
736
00:40:26,391 --> 00:40:30,195
All of the top 10 companies
had former U.S. officials
737
00:40:30,228 --> 00:40:31,963
who had worked
in the Pentagon
738
00:40:31,997 --> 00:40:33,565
or other parts of
the U.S. government,
739
00:40:33,599 --> 00:40:36,568
on their boards of directors
or as their top executives.
740
00:40:36,602 --> 00:40:38,369
LEWIS: It's known as
the revolving door,
741
00:40:38,403 --> 00:40:40,171
and people cash in
all the time.
742
00:40:40,205 --> 00:40:42,774
Public officials go
to work for companies
743
00:40:42,808 --> 00:40:45,010
and they make triple,
quadruple,
744
00:40:45,043 --> 00:40:47,012
ten times, sometimes,
as much money
745
00:40:47,045 --> 00:40:49,014
as they used to
make in public service.
746
00:40:49,047 --> 00:40:50,916
McCAIN: There is too close
a relationship,
747
00:40:50,949 --> 00:40:54,419
and there is outright, uh...
I--I hate to use
the word "corruption,"
748
00:40:54,452 --> 00:40:58,223
but it borders on it,
the behavior of some
of these individuals,
749
00:40:58,256 --> 00:41:01,326
both in--in industry
and in the Pentagon.
750
00:41:01,359 --> 00:41:03,829
The number one
recipient of contracts
751
00:41:03,862 --> 00:41:07,365
was Vice President Cheney's
former company, Halliburton,
752
00:41:07,398 --> 00:41:09,768
and its subsidiary
Kellogg Brown & Root.
753
00:41:09,801 --> 00:41:13,505
K-B-R,
we're the Army's contractor
on the battlefield.
754
00:41:13,539 --> 00:41:17,909
Currently 65,000 KBR people
around the world,
755
00:41:17,943 --> 00:41:19,377
assisting the troops.
756
00:41:19,410 --> 00:41:20,746
And ten of what?
757
00:41:20,779 --> 00:41:23,114
CIRINCIONE: You know, the
military-industrial complex
758
00:41:23,148 --> 00:41:25,517
isn't just
the people in the Pentagon
759
00:41:25,551 --> 00:41:27,485
and the people
producing the weapons.
760
00:41:27,519 --> 00:41:30,989
It's now increasingly got
a very large service sector.
761
00:41:31,022 --> 00:41:32,490
Ham and eggs.
762
00:41:32,524 --> 00:41:35,060
CIRINCIONE: Things that
troops used to do,
763
00:41:35,093 --> 00:41:38,029
like peel potatoes
and do laundry,
764
00:41:38,063 --> 00:41:40,065
you now have
contractors doing.
765
00:41:40,098 --> 00:41:41,767
PERLE: Somebody has to
do this work.
766
00:41:41,800 --> 00:41:46,437
And the Halliburton thing
is just an outrageous effort
767
00:41:46,471 --> 00:41:49,040
to associate
the Vice President
768
00:41:49,074 --> 00:41:50,909
with the activities
of a company
769
00:41:50,942 --> 00:41:53,011
with which he has
no connection,
770
00:41:53,044 --> 00:41:54,946
no connection at all.
771
00:41:58,784 --> 00:42:00,886
WOMAN: Congressional
critics are questioning
772
00:42:00,919 --> 00:42:03,121
whether Dick Cheney helped
Halliburton get a billion...
773
00:42:03,154 --> 00:42:06,825
MAN: The FBI has revealed
it is expanding
its investigation
774
00:42:06,858 --> 00:42:11,930
into how Halliburton company
billed taxpayers for
its contract work in Iraq.
775
00:42:11,963 --> 00:42:14,532
MAN: And it now appears
some of those contracts
were awarded
776
00:42:14,566 --> 00:42:17,502
with the knowledge
and approval of
the Vice President's office,
777
00:42:17,535 --> 00:42:19,905
which would seem to contradict
his previous statements.
778
00:42:19,938 --> 00:42:22,674
As Vice President,
I have absolutely
no influence of,
779
00:42:22,708 --> 00:42:27,478
involvement of,
knowledge of, in any way,
shape or form, of contracts.
780
00:42:27,512 --> 00:42:32,017
We did a report that took two
and a half years, $600,000,
781
00:42:32,050 --> 00:42:36,321
33 people, including ten
investigative reporters
on six continents,
782
00:42:36,354 --> 00:42:39,124
looking at private
military companies
783
00:42:39,157 --> 00:42:41,459
and outsourcing war
all over the world.
784
00:42:41,492 --> 00:42:44,596
And we noticed that in 1992
785
00:42:44,630 --> 00:42:47,198
there was
a contract of $9 million
786
00:42:47,232 --> 00:42:50,869
given out to a company,
Kellogg Brown & Root,
787
00:42:50,902 --> 00:42:52,537
to study the idea,
788
00:42:52,570 --> 00:42:55,707
"Should the Pentagon start
using the private sector
789
00:42:55,741 --> 00:42:58,476
"to do some of
the support type functions,
790
00:42:58,509 --> 00:43:00,879
"like food service,
latrine duty,
791
00:43:00,912 --> 00:43:04,315
"but even maybe some
military things as well?"
792
00:43:04,349 --> 00:43:08,654
And the Secretary of Defense
at the time was
one Dick Cheney,
793
00:43:08,687 --> 00:43:10,956
so Cheney gives
the contract out.
794
00:43:10,989 --> 00:43:12,724
Kellogg Brown & Root
comes back
795
00:43:12,758 --> 00:43:14,793
and says,
"This is a terrific idea."
796
00:43:14,826 --> 00:43:19,798
The next 10 years,
they get 700 or 800
contracts to do just that.
797
00:43:19,831 --> 00:43:21,667
DICK CHENEY: Well,
I ran Halliburton.
I'm proud of it.
798
00:43:21,700 --> 00:43:23,434
Halliburton's
a quintessential...
799
00:43:23,468 --> 00:43:26,404
LEWIS: This company
brought in a Rolodex guy,
800
00:43:26,437 --> 00:43:28,539
a former U.S. Congressman,
801
00:43:28,573 --> 00:43:31,376
Defense Secretary,
Chief of Staff to a President
802
00:43:31,409 --> 00:43:34,680
to make sure that
he could get doors opened,
803
00:43:34,713 --> 00:43:38,383
not only in Washington
but in capitals
all over the world.
804
00:43:38,416 --> 00:43:41,019
And, yes, he becomes
personally wealthy from that.
805
00:43:41,052 --> 00:43:42,654
No question about it.
806
00:43:42,688 --> 00:43:45,791
His net worth went from
a million dollars or less
807
00:43:45,824 --> 00:43:49,394
to 60 or 70 million dollars
in the span of five years.
808
00:43:49,427 --> 00:43:50,696
MAN: Are you ready
to take the oath?
809
00:43:50,729 --> 00:43:51,963
I am.
810
00:43:51,997 --> 00:43:54,199
Please raise your right hand
and repeat after me.
811
00:43:54,232 --> 00:43:57,936
LEWIS: So we elected
a government contractor
as vice president.
812
00:43:57,969 --> 00:43:59,838
*(TRUMPET BLOWING)
Congratulations,
Mr. Vice President.
813
00:43:59,871 --> 00:44:03,608
This could be Indonesia.
It sounds like Russia,
Nigeria.
814
00:44:03,641 --> 00:44:05,443
No, it's the United
States of America,
815
00:44:05,476 --> 00:44:07,779
and everything I just
said is entirely legal,
816
00:44:07,813 --> 00:44:09,881
and it is our system
of legal corruption.
817
00:44:09,915 --> 00:44:13,151
If I am sure of anything,
I am sure of this.
818
00:44:13,184 --> 00:44:15,420
Vice President Cheney
had nothing to do
819
00:44:15,453 --> 00:44:19,124
with the award of
any contract to Halliburton.
820
00:44:19,157 --> 00:44:20,726
He wouldn't pick up
the phone.
821
00:44:20,759 --> 00:44:22,460
He wouldn't whisper
in someone's ear.
822
00:44:22,493 --> 00:44:25,030
I know him.
He just wouldn't do it.
823
00:44:25,063 --> 00:44:27,232
It looks bad. It looks bad.
824
00:44:27,265 --> 00:44:29,968
And, apparently, Halliburton,
more than once,
825
00:44:30,001 --> 00:44:33,004
has over-charged the,
the federal government.
826
00:44:33,038 --> 00:44:34,205
That's wrong.
827
00:44:34,239 --> 00:44:35,540
(PHONE RINGING)
828
00:44:35,573 --> 00:44:38,009
WOMAN: How would you
tackle a problem like that?
829
00:44:38,043 --> 00:44:42,013
I would have
a public investigation
of what they've done.
830
00:44:42,047 --> 00:44:43,982
WOMAN: So...
831
00:44:44,015 --> 00:44:45,250
(WOMAN CHATTERING)
832
00:44:45,283 --> 00:44:46,617
What's that?
833
00:44:46,651 --> 00:44:48,553
Vice President's
on the phone? Okay.
834
00:44:48,586 --> 00:44:50,922
WOMAN: You probably
have to take the call,
don't you?
835
00:44:50,956 --> 00:44:53,024
SUSAN EISENHOWER: Whenever you
get into a situation
836
00:44:53,058 --> 00:44:54,926
where anybody's got
unwarranted influence,
837
00:44:54,960 --> 00:44:57,195
it has the potential
to be deeply distorting.
838
00:44:57,228 --> 00:44:59,030
It corrupts our system.
839
00:44:59,064 --> 00:45:01,867
JOHNSON: You don't have to
show that he directly came in
840
00:45:01,900 --> 00:45:04,770
and hit
the cash register button,
the door flew open,
841
00:45:04,803 --> 00:45:06,938
and he took some money out
and put it in his pocket.
842
00:45:06,972 --> 00:45:11,042
It's to say
anybody allocating things
at the Department of Defense
843
00:45:11,076 --> 00:45:12,710
knows who
the Vice President is,
844
00:45:12,744 --> 00:45:15,380
knows what his connections
are in Halliburton.
845
00:45:15,413 --> 00:45:18,483
We have a process
that has a seamlessness,
846
00:45:18,516 --> 00:45:20,819
where the corporate interests
847
00:45:20,852 --> 00:45:25,991
that stand to benefit
are so intertwined
and interwoven
848
00:45:26,024 --> 00:45:27,893
with the
political forces that
849
00:45:27,926 --> 00:45:30,128
the financial elites
and the political elites
850
00:45:30,161 --> 00:45:31,696
have become the same people.
851
00:45:31,729 --> 00:45:33,298
You do have to follow
the money.
852
00:45:33,331 --> 00:45:34,800
If you follow
the money here,
853
00:45:34,833 --> 00:45:37,602
it's not so much that
Halliburton wanted a war
854
00:45:37,635 --> 00:45:39,971
so they told Dick Cheney
to go get one for them.
855
00:45:40,005 --> 00:45:44,242
It wasn't that, but you do get
a willingness to go to war.
856
00:45:48,013 --> 00:45:51,116
MAN: Ayes are 296.
857
00:45:51,149 --> 00:45:53,051
The nays are 133.
858
00:45:53,084 --> 00:45:57,155
The Joint Resolution is passed
without objection.
859
00:45:57,188 --> 00:46:00,959
KWIATKOWSKI: You get
a willingness to look at
the cost-benefit scenario.
860
00:46:00,992 --> 00:46:03,594
American people who have
a son or a daughter
861
00:46:03,628 --> 00:46:05,663
that's going to be deployed
and maybe shot at,
862
00:46:05,696 --> 00:46:07,432
maybe killed
or maimed in Iraq,
863
00:46:07,465 --> 00:46:08,900
they look
at the cost-benefit,
864
00:46:08,934 --> 00:46:11,069
and they go, hmm,
"I don't think that's good."
865
00:46:11,102 --> 00:46:12,537
KWIATKOWSKI:
But when politicians
866
00:46:12,570 --> 00:46:14,806
who understand contracts,
future contracts,
867
00:46:14,840 --> 00:46:18,443
when they look at war,
they have a different
cost-benefit analysis.
868
00:46:18,476 --> 00:46:21,546
JOHNSON: The defense budget
is three-quarters
of a trillion dollars.
869
00:46:21,579 --> 00:46:24,782
Profits went up
last year well over 25%.
870
00:46:24,816 --> 00:46:27,252
I guarantee you, when war
becomes that profitable,
871
00:46:27,285 --> 00:46:29,320
you're going to
see more of it.
872
00:46:29,354 --> 00:46:32,723
SUSAN EISENHOWER: I don't
know how you would want
to assess the reasons
873
00:46:32,757 --> 00:46:35,093
the United States
went to war in Iraq.
874
00:46:35,126 --> 00:46:37,996
But, ultimately,
you have to ask yourself
at the end of the day,
875
00:46:38,029 --> 00:46:39,865
"Does any of this contribute
876
00:46:39,898 --> 00:46:43,568
"to whether or not
we are making valid
and appropriate decisions
877
00:46:43,601 --> 00:46:46,504
"about our conduct
of foreign policy?"
878
00:47:04,222 --> 00:47:06,457
TOOMEY: Why do we fight?
879
00:47:06,491 --> 00:47:08,659
I don't know why we fight.
880
00:47:08,693 --> 00:47:10,128
Being a military officer,
881
00:47:10,161 --> 00:47:11,930
I--I really don't
sit back and look
882
00:47:11,963 --> 00:47:13,965
at who's with me
and who's against me.
883
00:47:13,999 --> 00:47:15,800
My job is to make
sure that my squadron,
884
00:47:15,833 --> 00:47:17,668
my unit,
is ready to go to war.
885
00:47:17,702 --> 00:47:19,237
There's always gonna be people
886
00:47:19,270 --> 00:47:20,505
that disagree
with what we do,
887
00:47:20,538 --> 00:47:21,806
and we can't stop that.
888
00:47:21,839 --> 00:47:24,009
That's part of democracy.
889
00:47:24,042 --> 00:47:25,944
HOEHN: From a soldier's
perspective and stuff,
890
00:47:25,977 --> 00:47:29,214
it gets old, listening to
the debates on policy.
891
00:47:29,247 --> 00:47:31,182
But it's not ours to decide.
892
00:47:31,216 --> 00:47:33,018
We do what we're told.
893
00:47:34,986 --> 00:47:37,622
MAN: The first light of
dawn is breaking above me.
894
00:47:37,655 --> 00:47:39,557
No explosions yet.
895
00:47:39,590 --> 00:47:43,929
Just the distant sound
of low rumbles
all across the city.
896
00:47:43,962 --> 00:47:46,364
You can hear
dogs are barking.
897
00:47:46,397 --> 00:47:49,534
They know that something
is about to happen.
898
00:47:51,036 --> 00:47:55,273
(WOMAN SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
899
00:47:55,306 --> 00:47:59,277
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
900
00:48:03,314 --> 00:48:06,751
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
901
00:48:13,124 --> 00:48:17,028
MAN: This will be a campaign
unlike any other in history,
902
00:48:17,062 --> 00:48:20,498
a campaign
characterized by shock,
903
00:48:21,366 --> 00:48:23,268
by surprise,
904
00:48:23,301 --> 00:48:28,473
by the employment
of precise munitions
on a scale never before seen.
905
00:48:28,506 --> 00:48:30,408
You also have to
understand that
906
00:48:30,441 --> 00:48:34,845
in trying to take out
Saddam during the OIF,
907
00:48:34,879 --> 00:48:39,017
we wanted
the Iraqi people to have
their infrastructure there
908
00:48:39,050 --> 00:48:42,387
and not be mad
at the coalition forces.
909
00:48:42,420 --> 00:48:44,855
TREADWAY: That's one of
the great, great results
910
00:48:44,889 --> 00:48:47,092
of the
military-industrial complex,
911
00:48:47,125 --> 00:48:48,893
the defense industry.
912
00:48:48,926 --> 00:48:50,996
With the advances
in the weaponry now,
913
00:48:51,029 --> 00:48:54,299
we can destroy the target of
our commander's choosing
914
00:48:54,332 --> 00:48:56,367
and minimize
collateral damage,
915
00:48:56,401 --> 00:48:58,536
which is such
an all-encompassing term,
916
00:48:58,569 --> 00:49:00,271
the risk to innocent life.
917
00:49:00,305 --> 00:49:02,873
TOOMEY: Nobody's out there
to just destroy things.
918
00:49:02,907 --> 00:49:05,110
Just because I wear a uniform
makes me no different
919
00:49:05,143 --> 00:49:08,613
than anybody else, uh,
that's, uh, sitting here
in this room with me.
920
00:49:08,646 --> 00:49:10,015
Uh, I have the same family.
921
00:49:10,048 --> 00:49:12,850
I get up. I shave,
just like everybody else.
922
00:49:12,883 --> 00:49:14,485
Uh, the only difference
is there's times
923
00:49:14,519 --> 00:49:15,853
when I have to leave my family
924
00:49:15,886 --> 00:49:18,356
and go to another country
and go to war.
925
00:49:18,389 --> 00:49:22,293
DONALD RUMSFELD: We have
the greatest fighting forces
on the face of the Earth.
926
00:49:22,327 --> 00:49:25,363
Our nation is blessed
to have so many
brave men and women
927
00:49:25,396 --> 00:49:30,101
who voluntarily
risk their lives
to protect our country.
928
00:49:39,544 --> 00:49:42,013
* Woke up this morning
929
00:49:42,047 --> 00:49:47,018
* I suddenly realized
we're all in this together *
930
00:49:47,052 --> 00:49:49,887
SOLOMON: Hello, my name's
William Solomon. I'm 23.
931
00:49:49,920 --> 00:49:54,159
I've decided to enlist in
the United States
Regular Army,
932
00:49:54,192 --> 00:49:57,362
and I'm gonna be shipping out
January 26th.
933
00:49:57,395 --> 00:49:59,730
A lot of
the stuff that I've been
going through recently
934
00:49:59,764 --> 00:50:01,532
with my mother's death,
935
00:50:01,566 --> 00:50:05,136
um, my financial hardships,
936
00:50:05,170 --> 00:50:08,873
and my inability
to complete my education,
937
00:50:08,906 --> 00:50:12,043
those three main problems
are all gonna, um...
938
00:50:12,077 --> 00:50:13,878
Are plain and simple,
just gonna be solved
939
00:50:13,911 --> 00:50:16,314
by my enlistment
in the military.
940
00:50:16,347 --> 00:50:20,285
VALENTINE: When Will
first came in, he was actually
talking to the Air Force,
941
00:50:20,318 --> 00:50:23,154
but he asked me a question
about the Army aviation.
942
00:50:23,188 --> 00:50:25,990
A-and once he asked
me the question,
I told him about it.
943
00:50:26,023 --> 00:50:28,293
When they showed
me the brochures,
some of the helicopters, I...
944
00:50:28,326 --> 00:50:30,628
And then like the RAH-66,
that's a stealth helicopter.
945
00:50:30,661 --> 00:50:31,829
I was like,
"Wait, they got this?"
946
00:50:31,862 --> 00:50:33,398
At that point in time,
you know,
947
00:50:33,431 --> 00:50:36,901
I explained to him our Warrant
Officer Flight program.
948
00:50:36,934 --> 00:50:38,969
VALENTINE: You can take
somebody right off the street,
949
00:50:39,003 --> 00:50:42,006
as long as the person has
a high school diploma,
can come in,
950
00:50:42,039 --> 00:50:44,442
get a--a good job
guaranteed to them.
951
00:50:44,475 --> 00:50:48,546
I think once Will
found out about that,
he was pretty much locked in.
952
00:50:48,579 --> 00:50:51,916
SOLOMON: He was completely
unlike what I expected
of a recruiter
953
00:50:51,949 --> 00:50:53,351
when I first spoke with him.
954
00:50:53,384 --> 00:50:55,786
...outside of that stadium
we used to train in.
955
00:50:55,820 --> 00:50:58,022
'Course that's an Apache
attack helicopter there.
956
00:50:58,055 --> 00:51:00,758
SOLOMON: 'Cause he told me
that Army recruiters, quote,
957
00:51:00,791 --> 00:51:03,294
"Got the bad reputation
of car salesmen."
958
00:51:03,328 --> 00:51:07,532
The toughest part
about recruiting is,
is gaining a person's trust.
959
00:51:07,565 --> 00:51:10,868
Whatever we say
we back up with
black-and-white regulations,
960
00:51:10,901 --> 00:51:14,372
so, um, there's no smokes
and mirrors around here.
961
00:51:14,405 --> 00:51:16,874
Y-you fixed up
my life real good, man.
You're gonna make...
962
00:51:16,907 --> 00:51:19,444
Because of you,
I'm gonna retire real nice,
963
00:51:19,477 --> 00:51:22,480
'cause I'm thinking of it
as a career thing.
964
00:51:24,549 --> 00:51:26,851
SOLOMON: Every little bit
of strife I've gone through
in my life,
965
00:51:26,884 --> 00:51:29,120
every little inconvenience,
I've always,
966
00:51:29,154 --> 00:51:31,689
or since I signed the papers,
anyway...
967
00:51:31,722 --> 00:51:33,924
I just looked at this
as something
968
00:51:33,958 --> 00:51:35,893
that'll make basic training
that much easier.
969
00:51:35,926 --> 00:51:38,263
* Gonna build a fire
970
00:51:38,296 --> 00:51:40,798
* Lead the choir
971
00:51:40,831 --> 00:51:44,202
* In my song
972
00:51:44,235 --> 00:51:45,436
* Once
973
00:51:45,470 --> 00:51:47,872
MAN: We are an army of one.
974
00:51:47,905 --> 00:51:50,141
One team,
one mission, one goal.
975
00:51:50,175 --> 00:51:52,877
* It was around
my schoolboy days *
976
00:51:52,910 --> 00:51:54,912
* New lines were drawn
977
00:51:54,945 --> 00:51:58,349
* And rules were made
978
00:51:58,383 --> 00:51:59,984
* I wear the scars
979
00:52:00,017 --> 00:52:01,686
SPINNEY: You know,
the whole idea of you can be
980
00:52:01,719 --> 00:52:03,321
all you can be if
you join the Army.
981
00:52:03,354 --> 00:52:05,723
Look at how we
appeal to them.
You're gonna learn a skill.
982
00:52:05,756 --> 00:52:08,393
You're gonna get a trade.
You'll be able
to go to college.
983
00:52:08,426 --> 00:52:11,896
Give you all these benefits
if you go and serve
your country.
984
00:52:11,929 --> 00:52:13,864
SPINNEY: We appeal to
people's self interest
985
00:52:13,898 --> 00:52:15,933
and then put them
into a situation
986
00:52:15,966 --> 00:52:18,203
which is based
on self-sacrifice.
987
00:52:20,438 --> 00:52:22,707
SOLOMON: I didn't really have
much of a blood family.
988
00:52:22,740 --> 00:52:25,610
(CELL PHONE RINGING)
My mom was the only blood,
me and my mom...
989
00:52:25,643 --> 00:52:26,944
Hold on.
990
00:52:26,977 --> 00:52:28,179
Hello.
991
00:52:28,213 --> 00:52:29,314
Hello? Yeah, Jimmy.
992
00:52:29,347 --> 00:52:31,182
SOLOMON: I mean,
I got real good friends,
993
00:52:31,216 --> 00:52:33,284
and they've been just as good
as a blood family,
994
00:52:33,318 --> 00:52:36,187
but they're not
that supportive
of me going in. They say...
995
00:52:36,221 --> 00:52:38,656
They, you know,
try and give me
boogieman stories
996
00:52:38,689 --> 00:52:40,425
about what's
gonna happen in basic.
997
00:52:40,458 --> 00:52:45,095
Um, as rough as basic
can be, it--it can't be
as bad as they say.
998
00:52:47,298 --> 00:52:50,301
I'm not worried.
999
00:52:50,335 --> 00:52:53,871
Right now,
you have more of a separation
between the military
1000
00:52:53,904 --> 00:52:55,940
and particularly
the middle class
1001
00:52:55,973 --> 00:52:57,842
and the upper middle class
in this country
1002
00:52:57,875 --> 00:52:59,710
than existed even
under the draft era.
1003
00:52:59,744 --> 00:53:01,712
SPINNEY: If you go back
to Vietnam,
1004
00:53:01,746 --> 00:53:05,583
basically,
the inequity of the draft
helped prolong the war.
1005
00:53:05,616 --> 00:53:08,653
As long as the poor
and unrepresented were dying,
1006
00:53:08,686 --> 00:53:09,854
people went along with it.
1007
00:53:09,887 --> 00:53:11,856
You know,
we got out of Vietnam
1008
00:53:11,889 --> 00:53:13,458
effectively when
the lottery started
1009
00:53:13,491 --> 00:53:16,026
and middle class kids
were getting killed.
1010
00:53:16,060 --> 00:53:19,230
First thing that happened
was they went to this
all-volunteer army,
1011
00:53:19,264 --> 00:53:21,165
and that solved
the draft inequity problem,
1012
00:53:21,198 --> 00:53:23,033
because everybody
is a volunteer.
1013
00:53:23,067 --> 00:53:25,436
This is supposedly
a stealth helicopter,
1014
00:53:25,470 --> 00:53:29,106
which hopefully
will go into service
by the time I become a pilot.
1015
00:53:29,139 --> 00:53:32,109
And that makes the military
much easier to use,
1016
00:53:32,142 --> 00:53:35,613
uh, because, you know,
"You guys are
fucking volunteers.
1017
00:53:35,646 --> 00:53:37,682
"Screw you.
You signed up for this."
1018
00:53:37,715 --> 00:53:41,819
You know, the, uh,
objections don't carry
as much water.
1019
00:53:43,854 --> 00:53:45,756
MAN: In a period of
increased tension,
1020
00:53:45,790 --> 00:53:49,427
the advantage
gained by flying men
into position quickly
1021
00:53:49,460 --> 00:53:52,963
might represent
the difference
between success or failure
1022
00:53:52,997 --> 00:53:55,966
in a military operation.
1023
00:53:56,000 --> 00:54:01,071
SEKZER: I arrived
in Vietnam in July of 1965.
1024
00:54:01,105 --> 00:54:05,976
I was part of
the buildup to 50,000 troops.
1025
00:54:06,010 --> 00:54:09,013
I remember saying
to one of my buddies,
1026
00:54:09,046 --> 00:54:11,416
"You know, this keeps up,
1027
00:54:11,449 --> 00:54:13,918
"they're gonna have
100,000 troops over here."
1028
00:54:13,951 --> 00:54:15,786
And he laughed.
He said, "What, are you nuts?
1029
00:54:15,820 --> 00:54:18,289
"They'd have to declare war
for 100,000 troops."
1030
00:54:18,323 --> 00:54:20,157
PRESIDENT JOHNSON:
My fellow Americans,
1031
00:54:20,190 --> 00:54:25,062
renewed hostile actions
against United States ships
1032
00:54:25,095 --> 00:54:28,265
on the high seas
in the Gulf of Tonkin
1033
00:54:28,299 --> 00:54:31,068
have today
required me to order
1034
00:54:31,101 --> 00:54:33,604
the military forces
of the United States
1035
00:54:33,638 --> 00:54:36,707
to take action in reply.
1036
00:54:36,741 --> 00:54:40,545
I was assigned to
a helicopter company,
13th Aviation Battalion.
1037
00:54:40,578 --> 00:54:44,281
I was a, uh, door-gunner
on one of the helicopters.
1038
00:54:44,315 --> 00:54:48,018
It was quite
an experience for, you know,
a 21-year-old kid.
1039
00:54:49,354 --> 00:54:52,323
You're involved in
taking people's lives.
1040
00:54:56,927 --> 00:55:00,164
From the perspective
of a helicopter,
1041
00:55:00,197 --> 00:55:03,000
you're up
X-number hundreds of feet
1042
00:55:03,033 --> 00:55:06,404
and you're shooting
at little dots
that are running around.
1043
00:55:06,437 --> 00:55:08,706
You're not shooting
at somebody face to face.
1044
00:55:08,739 --> 00:55:10,341
MAN: Okay, there's
a blue shirt on a trail
1045
00:55:10,375 --> 00:55:12,209
down here.
He's coming in right!
1046
00:55:12,242 --> 00:55:14,579
Okay, there's our tank.
1047
00:55:14,612 --> 00:55:18,115
SEKZER: It's almost like
they're not real human beings.
1048
00:55:19,283 --> 00:55:20,885
They're objects.
1049
00:55:21,786 --> 00:55:23,253
They're objects.
1050
00:55:28,025 --> 00:55:31,896
ANH DUONG: As a refugee
of war, I think
I understand firsthand
1051
00:55:31,929 --> 00:55:35,833
the suffering, the pain
that war could cause.
1052
00:55:37,768 --> 00:55:40,137
I came here when I was 15.
1053
00:55:41,639 --> 00:55:46,577
We left Saigon on
the 28th of April, 1975,
1054
00:55:46,611 --> 00:55:49,680
right before
the downfall of Saigon.
1055
00:55:49,714 --> 00:55:53,818
I was very lucky
to made it here intact.
1056
00:55:53,851 --> 00:55:58,389
I always was very much aware
of why I'm here.
1057
00:55:58,423 --> 00:56:01,992
It's because of
a strong thirst for freedom
1058
00:56:02,026 --> 00:56:03,728
that brought me here,
1059
00:56:03,761 --> 00:56:07,064
and the sacrifice
of other people
that brought me here.
1060
00:56:07,097 --> 00:56:09,099
MAN: A full-scale
evacuation had been ordered.
1061
00:56:09,133 --> 00:56:12,136
ANH DUONG: But I do remember
the desperation.
1062
00:56:12,169 --> 00:56:15,072
A lot of South Vietnamese
indeed felt
1063
00:56:15,105 --> 00:56:18,876
that the Americans have
left them fend for themselves,
1064
00:56:18,909 --> 00:56:20,445
that, in the end,
1065
00:56:20,478 --> 00:56:24,682
America deliberately
withdrew all the support.
1066
00:56:24,715 --> 00:56:28,018
But I separate that
from the American people.
1067
00:56:29,887 --> 00:56:34,291
SEKZER: I grew up
knowing that,
should the situation arise,
1068
00:56:34,324 --> 00:56:36,961
you were expected
to answer the call
1069
00:56:36,994 --> 00:56:38,996
when your country
made the call.
1070
00:56:39,029 --> 00:56:42,900
There was no such thing as,
"Well, I wonder if
my country's right.
1071
00:56:42,933 --> 00:56:44,635
"Is anybody lying
to me about this?"
1072
00:56:44,669 --> 00:56:47,237
You--You don't,
you don't grow up
thinking that.
1073
00:56:47,271 --> 00:56:51,776
You grow up saying,
"If the bugle calls, you go."
1074
00:56:51,809 --> 00:56:53,811
SEKZER: Well, as, you know,
as time went on,
1075
00:56:53,844 --> 00:56:57,414
and we found out, well,
this whole Gulf of Tonkin
thing was BS
1076
00:56:57,448 --> 00:56:59,784
and nobody
was really attacked.
1077
00:56:59,817 --> 00:57:02,319
So you say to yourself,
"You know what?
1078
00:57:02,352 --> 00:57:03,988
"That's really crap, man.
1079
00:57:04,021 --> 00:57:06,924
Why--Why--Why did,
why did somebody lie to us?
1080
00:57:06,957 --> 00:57:09,259
"There was no need to lie."
1081
00:57:10,561 --> 00:57:14,699
We have been lied to
in every military escapade,
1082
00:57:14,732 --> 00:57:18,836
um, frankly,
over the last 50 or 60 years,
uh, without exception.
1083
00:57:18,869 --> 00:57:21,872
LEWIS: There's no
better example, probably,
than Vietnam,
1084
00:57:21,906 --> 00:57:24,241
where you had the President
of the United States
1085
00:57:24,274 --> 00:57:27,211
and the top generals
in the Pentagon,
out-and-out lying
1086
00:57:27,244 --> 00:57:30,815
about the Gulf of Tonkin
incident and
got us into the war,
1087
00:57:30,848 --> 00:57:34,218
about the casualties,
about how the war was going.
1088
00:57:34,251 --> 00:57:37,354
Anyone who has ever looked
closely at the Vietnam War
1089
00:57:37,387 --> 00:57:41,659
can see that the public
and the media
were manipulated,
1090
00:57:41,692 --> 00:57:43,828
uh, substantially.
1091
00:57:43,861 --> 00:57:46,931
LEWIS: We don't like to
think of ourselves
as a militant nation,
1092
00:57:46,964 --> 00:57:51,569
but we are, in fact,
an incredibly militant
and militaristic nation.
1093
00:57:51,602 --> 00:57:55,706
It's not a view of ourselves
that we wanna carry around,
1094
00:57:55,740 --> 00:57:57,608
but the fact is, we are.
1095
00:57:57,642 --> 00:57:59,644
If the President
1096
00:57:59,677 --> 00:58:02,446
and the
military-industrial complex,
the defense establishment,
1097
00:58:02,479 --> 00:58:07,017
if they all have decided
that suddenly
there's a problem somewhere
1098
00:58:07,051 --> 00:58:09,086
and we need to drop some bombs
1099
00:58:09,119 --> 00:58:12,823
or even put land forces
somewhere in some country,
1100
00:58:12,857 --> 00:58:16,226
this is a ritual
that we have been seeing
for decades.
1101
00:58:22,066 --> 00:58:23,100
We've toppled governments.
1102
00:58:23,133 --> 00:58:24,869
We've done coup detats.
1103
00:58:24,902 --> 00:58:28,305
We've used
intelligence services
for covert purposes
1104
00:58:28,338 --> 00:58:30,741
and done horrible things
around the world.
1105
00:58:30,775 --> 00:58:33,077
And we have put up
with the most heinous
1106
00:58:33,110 --> 00:58:35,012
human rights
abusing countries.
1107
00:58:35,045 --> 00:58:37,047
We have propped them up.
1108
00:58:37,081 --> 00:58:40,384
We've even trained them
how to commit
human rights abuses.
1109
00:58:40,417 --> 00:58:43,220
Today's demon
was yesterday's friend,
1110
00:58:43,253 --> 00:58:48,593
all in the name of
either the Cold War,
or for commercial reasons.
1111
00:58:54,231 --> 00:58:57,668
It's basically, uh,
economic colonialism.
1112
00:58:57,702 --> 00:59:00,037
LEWIS: No one uses
the colonialism word,
1113
00:59:00,070 --> 00:59:01,438
but instead of
just taking over
1114
00:59:01,471 --> 00:59:02,973
the countries,
we have a better way.
1115
00:59:03,007 --> 00:59:05,042
We just go in
and have free markets.
1116
00:59:05,075 --> 00:59:08,245
Whether we're trying to
sell our products
to their citizens
1117
00:59:08,278 --> 00:59:10,781
or we're trying to
mine their resources,
1118
00:59:10,815 --> 00:59:13,317
we need to be in that country
for some reason.
1119
00:59:13,350 --> 00:59:15,219
And, therefore,
we're gonna talk
1120
00:59:15,252 --> 00:59:17,054
about free markets,
free trade.
1121
00:59:17,087 --> 00:59:18,789
But what's
really going on is,
1122
00:59:18,823 --> 00:59:22,226
we want our companies
to get rich in your country.
1123
00:59:26,030 --> 00:59:27,397
MAN: There she is.
1124
00:59:27,431 --> 00:59:31,235
That's what all
the fuss is about, oil.
1125
00:59:31,268 --> 00:59:33,203
It's kind of pretty, isn't it?
1126
00:59:33,237 --> 00:59:35,706
Oil coming up
out of the ground
1127
00:59:35,740 --> 00:59:38,142
to make life a bit
more easy for all of us.
1128
00:59:39,443 --> 00:59:41,378
JOHNSON: The United States
is the world's
1129
00:59:41,411 --> 00:59:43,814
largest consumer
of fossil fuels.
1130
00:59:43,848 --> 00:59:47,284
Oil is what drives
the military machine
of every country.
1131
00:59:47,317 --> 00:59:49,720
That is, it provides
the fuel for the aircraft,
1132
00:59:49,754 --> 00:59:52,389
for the ships, for the tanks,
for the trucks.
1133
00:59:52,422 --> 00:59:54,959
Control of oil
is indispensable.
1134
00:59:54,992 --> 00:59:57,527
When you run out of it,
your army stops.
1135
00:59:59,864 --> 01:00:02,032
JOHNSON: There is a direct
connection between events
1136
01:00:02,066 --> 01:00:05,069
that happened more
than 50 years ago
1137
01:00:05,102 --> 01:00:08,072
and the war in Iraq today.
1138
01:00:08,105 --> 01:00:12,442
In 1953,
the Prime Minister of Iran,
Mohammed Mossadegh,
1139
01:00:12,476 --> 01:00:14,544
became extremely irritated.
1140
01:00:14,578 --> 01:00:18,182
The British were ripping off
his country's
national resources.
1141
01:00:18,215 --> 01:00:20,718
He wanted
a greater share in it.
1142
01:00:20,751 --> 01:00:22,953
The British came to
the new president, Eisenhower,
1143
01:00:22,987 --> 01:00:25,022
and asked for help on this.
1144
01:00:25,055 --> 01:00:29,093
Eisenhower very conveniently
declared Mossadegh
to be a Communist,
1145
01:00:29,126 --> 01:00:32,863
and we then set the CIA to,
uh, overthrow him.
1146
01:00:32,897 --> 01:00:35,733
MAN: Three days
of bloody rioting, culminating
in a military coup...
1147
01:00:35,766 --> 01:00:37,902
JOHNSON: The result was
we brought the Shah to power,
1148
01:00:37,935 --> 01:00:40,170
and he created
an extremely repressive regime
1149
01:00:40,204 --> 01:00:43,741
that within 20 years had led
to a revolution against him.
1150
01:00:43,774 --> 01:00:46,176
The Ayatollah Khomeini
creates a government
1151
01:00:46,210 --> 01:00:48,645
that is
violently anti-American.
1152
01:00:48,679 --> 01:00:50,047
(WOMAN CHATTERING)
1153
01:00:50,080 --> 01:00:51,515
MAN: Khomeini said, quote,
1154
01:00:51,548 --> 01:00:53,317
"I pray to God
to cut the hands
1155
01:00:53,350 --> 01:00:54,752
of all those
foreign advisors..."
1156
01:00:54,785 --> 01:00:57,521
In the After Action Report
by the CIA
1157
01:00:57,554 --> 01:01:00,691
on what they had
done in Iran in 1953,
1158
01:01:00,725 --> 01:01:04,661
they said, "We're going to get
some blowback from this."
1159
01:01:04,695 --> 01:01:08,498
We then made a puppet out of
Saddam Hussein in Iraq,
1160
01:01:08,532 --> 01:01:10,034
who was a friend of ours.
1161
01:01:10,067 --> 01:01:12,970
He was an asset
in the CIA's computers.
1162
01:01:13,003 --> 01:01:16,741
We did so because
he was anti-Iranian.
1163
01:01:16,774 --> 01:01:20,544
He was very fearful
that the revolution in Iran
1164
01:01:20,577 --> 01:01:22,379
would spread into his country.
1165
01:01:22,412 --> 01:01:24,882
He, therefore,
went to war with Iran.
1166
01:01:24,915 --> 01:01:28,552
The war was extremely bloody,
went on throughout the 1980s.
1167
01:01:28,585 --> 01:01:32,189
Unfortunately
for Saddam Hussein,
he began to lose the war.
1168
01:01:32,222 --> 01:01:34,224
At that point,
in comes the United States
1169
01:01:34,258 --> 01:01:35,926
in the form of
Donald Rumsfeld,
1170
01:01:35,960 --> 01:01:39,596
sent to Saddam Hussein
by President Reagan
to tell him,
1171
01:01:39,629 --> 01:01:41,365
"We will supply you
with intelligence.
1172
01:01:41,398 --> 01:01:43,033
"We will supply you
with the weapons
1173
01:01:43,067 --> 01:01:45,169
you may need
through covert means."
1174
01:01:45,202 --> 01:01:47,037
It is why cynics
in Washington say,
1175
01:01:47,071 --> 01:01:50,007
"We know Saddam Hussein
had weapons of
mass destruction.
1176
01:01:50,040 --> 01:01:51,508
"We have the receipts."
1177
01:01:51,541 --> 01:01:53,844
JOHNSON: This is
what we mean by blowback.
1178
01:01:53,878 --> 01:01:57,714
He remained a friend of ours
right up to his invasion,
1179
01:01:57,748 --> 01:02:00,350
in the summer of 1990,
of Kuwait.
1180
01:02:00,384 --> 01:02:02,820
We became alarmed
when he invaded Kuwait,
1181
01:02:02,853 --> 01:02:06,523
that he could also go on and
invade Saudi Arabia itself,
1182
01:02:06,556 --> 01:02:08,793
the largest reserves
of oil on Earth.
1183
01:02:08,826 --> 01:02:10,928
We've stationed troops
in Saudi Arabia.
1184
01:02:10,961 --> 01:02:14,298
It was a mistake in
every sense of the term.
1185
01:02:15,732 --> 01:02:17,835
JOHNSON: Remember,
Osama bin Laden had said,
1186
01:02:17,868 --> 01:02:20,270
"I resent the government
of Saudi Arabia
1187
01:02:20,304 --> 01:02:24,141
"for using Americans
to defend Saudi Arabia
against Iraq."
1188
01:02:24,174 --> 01:02:26,043
At that point,
we began to fear
1189
01:02:26,076 --> 01:02:29,446
that we were going
to lose our position
in Saudi Arabia.
1190
01:02:29,479 --> 01:02:34,618
Well, the second largest
source of proven reserves
on Earth are in Iraq.
1191
01:02:34,651 --> 01:02:38,956
This leads us now
to demonize our previous ally
1192
01:02:38,989 --> 01:02:40,825
and to prepare
the American public
1193
01:02:40,858 --> 01:02:43,527
for the thought
that we must take him out.
1194
01:02:47,998 --> 01:02:50,267
(DOG BARKING)
1195
01:02:52,970 --> 01:02:55,072
KWIATKOWSKI: I'm a retired
Air Force Lieutenant Colonel,
1196
01:02:55,105 --> 01:02:58,608
retired from
the military after 20 years.
1197
01:02:58,642 --> 01:03:00,577
I initially started
in the Air Force.
1198
01:03:00,610 --> 01:03:03,780
Then they trained me
as a communication
electronics officer,
1199
01:03:03,814 --> 01:03:05,916
and I did that
for about 15 years.
1200
01:03:05,950 --> 01:03:07,751
And once I joined
the Pentagon,
1201
01:03:07,784 --> 01:03:10,787
I became a political
military affairs officer
1202
01:03:10,821 --> 01:03:13,623
for sub-Saharan Africa
and Middle East.
1203
01:03:13,657 --> 01:03:17,061
Things were strange
from the very beginning
of my assignment.
1204
01:03:17,094 --> 01:03:21,398
Within a week or so,
it became clear to me
that war was gonna happen.
1205
01:03:21,431 --> 01:03:23,100
This toppling
was going to happen.
1206
01:03:23,133 --> 01:03:24,534
It was just a matter
of bringing
1207
01:03:24,568 --> 01:03:26,136
the American people
up to speed
1208
01:03:26,170 --> 01:03:28,105
and getting them
behind this effort.
1209
01:03:28,138 --> 01:03:30,841
A number of people from
outside of the Pentagon,
1210
01:03:30,875 --> 01:03:33,610
political appointees,
were flowing into our office,
1211
01:03:33,643 --> 01:03:35,712
and they were working
Iraq issues.
1212
01:03:35,745 --> 01:03:37,747
These political appointees
that we had
1213
01:03:37,781 --> 01:03:41,986
came from a very
small set of think tanks.
1214
01:03:42,019 --> 01:03:43,988
DYER: As Eisenhower said,
1215
01:03:44,021 --> 01:03:46,490
the military-industrial
complex is really
three components.
1216
01:03:46,523 --> 01:03:48,625
There is
the military professionals...
1217
01:03:48,658 --> 01:03:52,729
there is defense industry
and there is Congress.
1218
01:03:52,762 --> 01:03:57,734
There is now
a fourth component,
and that is the think tanks.
1219
01:03:57,767 --> 01:04:00,170
CIRINCIONE: You know,
one of the little known
secrets of Washington
1220
01:04:00,204 --> 01:04:02,672
is that policy isn't really
generated very much
1221
01:04:02,706 --> 01:04:04,708
within the policy apparatus.
1222
01:04:04,741 --> 01:04:09,613
A great number of the ideas
come from
outside the government,
1223
01:04:09,646 --> 01:04:14,518
from various think tanks,
like the Project for
the New American Century.
1224
01:04:14,551 --> 01:04:17,421
KRISTOL: Saddam Hussein,
here's the man.
1225
01:04:17,454 --> 01:04:19,056
Here he is, in his box.
1226
01:04:19,089 --> 01:04:20,824
I wouldn't exaggerate
the influence
1227
01:04:20,857 --> 01:04:22,759
of the Project for
the New American Century.
1228
01:04:22,792 --> 01:04:25,329
It's a very small think tank,
but, in some respects,
1229
01:04:25,362 --> 01:04:29,934
we argued for,
I suppose you might say,
elements of the Bush Doctrine
1230
01:04:29,967 --> 01:04:31,701
before the Bush Doctrine
existed
1231
01:04:31,735 --> 01:04:33,837
or before George W. Bush
became president.
1232
01:04:33,870 --> 01:04:37,007
JOHNSON: The group included
principals like Rumsfeld,
1233
01:04:37,041 --> 01:04:39,809
but it also included
a large number of people
1234
01:04:39,843 --> 01:04:41,745
more or less unknown
to the American public.
1235
01:04:41,778 --> 01:04:44,148
And these people
all know each other.
1236
01:04:44,181 --> 01:04:47,884
CIRINCIONE: They had all
worked together before
the Bush administration.
1237
01:04:47,918 --> 01:04:51,388
I used to write speeches
for Don Rumsfeld
in the Pentagon.
1238
01:04:51,421 --> 01:04:55,325
And we came up
with this phrase that,
"Weakness is provocative.
1239
01:04:55,359 --> 01:04:56,927
"Strength deters."
1240
01:04:56,961 --> 01:04:59,496
KRISTOL: Our report on
rebuilding America's defenses
1241
01:04:59,529 --> 01:05:00,797
said, even before
September 11th,
1242
01:05:00,830 --> 01:05:02,666
the defense budget
was too low.
1243
01:05:02,699 --> 01:05:04,368
It looked ahead
to the kinds of wars
1244
01:05:04,401 --> 01:05:06,036
that we've now
ended up fighting
1245
01:05:06,070 --> 01:05:08,105
in Afghanistan and in Iraq.
1246
01:05:08,138 --> 01:05:10,774
DYER: What think tanks do
is come up with
1247
01:05:10,807 --> 01:05:13,843
new rationalizations
and new threats.
1248
01:05:13,877 --> 01:05:15,745
That's what
they're paid to do.
1249
01:05:15,779 --> 01:05:18,949
Iraq, under Saddam Hussein,
was a terrorist state.
1250
01:05:18,983 --> 01:05:21,785
I think Iran
is a terrorist state.
1251
01:05:21,818 --> 01:05:23,887
North Korea is, uh,
a very special problem.
1252
01:05:23,920 --> 01:05:25,855
PERLE: They can build
nuclear weapons
1253
01:05:25,889 --> 01:05:28,092
and they are perfectly
capable of exporting them,
1254
01:05:28,125 --> 01:05:29,859
and we cannot allow that.
1255
01:05:29,893 --> 01:05:32,696
These are states that
not only host
1256
01:05:32,729 --> 01:05:35,265
but in a way fund
international terrorism,
1257
01:05:35,299 --> 01:05:37,534
encourage
international terrorism.
1258
01:05:37,567 --> 01:05:39,303
They have to be eliminated.
1259
01:05:39,336 --> 01:05:43,140
This was almost
completely adopted
by the administration
1260
01:05:43,173 --> 01:05:45,075
in part because
the people who wrote this
1261
01:05:45,109 --> 01:05:47,277
had all been brought
into the administration.
1262
01:05:47,311 --> 01:05:51,548
We must prevent
the terrorists and regimes
who seek chemical,
1263
01:05:51,581 --> 01:05:53,683
biological, or nuclear weapons
1264
01:05:53,717 --> 01:05:55,585
from threatening
the United States.
1265
01:05:55,619 --> 01:05:59,856
It is not at all accidental
that when the President
names our enemies
1266
01:05:59,889 --> 01:06:03,827
in the 2002 State of the Union
message in the axis of evil,
1267
01:06:03,860 --> 01:06:07,697
that it includes Iraq,
Iran, and North Korea.
1268
01:06:07,731 --> 01:06:11,768
So, in a real way,
we have this new phenomenon
1269
01:06:11,801 --> 01:06:14,971
where think tanks
are now an integral part
1270
01:06:15,005 --> 01:06:20,244
of what we used to think of
as the military-industrial
complex.
1271
01:06:20,277 --> 01:06:23,213
KWIATKOWSKI: Eisenhower
may well have been predicting
these people
1272
01:06:23,247 --> 01:06:24,914
when he talked about,
if we didn't keep
1273
01:06:24,948 --> 01:06:27,017
an eye on the
military-industrial complex,
1274
01:06:27,051 --> 01:06:31,588
we would see what he called
a disastrous rise
of misplaced power.
1275
01:06:31,621 --> 01:06:36,593
People making policy
who have zero accountability
to the voter.
1276
01:06:36,626 --> 01:06:41,798
So throughout the summer
something was operating in
the Pentagon that was unique.
1277
01:06:41,831 --> 01:06:44,834
In August of 2002,
it was announced to us
1278
01:06:44,868 --> 01:06:46,936
that all of those folks
that had come in
1279
01:06:46,970 --> 01:06:49,005
and made up this
expanded Iraq desk
1280
01:06:49,039 --> 01:06:51,708
would be called
the Office of Special Plans.
1281
01:06:51,741 --> 01:06:53,910
JOHNSON: The Office of
Special Plans was created
1282
01:06:53,943 --> 01:06:56,613
in the Rumsfeld
Department of Defense
1283
01:06:56,646 --> 01:06:59,316
in order to produce
the intelligence
1284
01:06:59,349 --> 01:07:04,054
that the President
and the Vice President wanted
making an enemy out of Iraq.
1285
01:07:05,722 --> 01:07:08,858
KWIATKOWSKI: The Office
of Special Plans
had one primary job
1286
01:07:08,892 --> 01:07:11,761
and that was to produce
a set of talking points
1287
01:07:11,795 --> 01:07:14,931
on the topic of Iraq,
WMD, and terrorism.
1288
01:07:14,964 --> 01:07:18,368
And we were to use them in
any document that we prepared
1289
01:07:18,402 --> 01:07:20,937
exactly as they were written,
in their entirety.
1290
01:07:20,970 --> 01:07:23,507
We were, all of us,
myself included,
1291
01:07:23,540 --> 01:07:26,876
very familiar with
what the intelligence
was saying about Iraq.
1292
01:07:26,910 --> 01:07:28,612
KWIATKOWSKI: But the problem
was when you'd look at
1293
01:07:28,645 --> 01:07:30,280
what was in
these talking points,
1294
01:07:30,314 --> 01:07:34,218
you could tell
it was designed
to convince the reader
1295
01:07:34,251 --> 01:07:37,254
that Iraq and Saddam Hussein,
specifically,
1296
01:07:37,287 --> 01:07:40,924
constituted a major, serious,
1297
01:07:40,957 --> 01:07:45,295
terrible, evil threat
to not just his neighbors
1298
01:07:45,329 --> 01:07:46,796
but to the United States.
1299
01:07:46,830 --> 01:07:50,467
His regime has the design
for a nuclear weapon,
1300
01:07:50,500 --> 01:07:54,904
was working
on several different methods
of enriching uranium,
1301
01:07:54,938 --> 01:07:56,606
and recently was discovered
1302
01:07:56,640 --> 01:07:59,476
seeking significant
quantities of uranium
from Africa.
1303
01:07:59,509 --> 01:08:00,577
And that would be
the statement.
1304
01:08:00,610 --> 01:08:02,078
"He's actively seeking it.
1305
01:08:02,112 --> 01:08:03,880
"And this is... This means
that he's a danger."
1306
01:08:03,913 --> 01:08:07,584
But the intelligence
actually said
1307
01:08:07,617 --> 01:08:11,087
that Saddam Hussein in
the '80s, in the late '80s,
1308
01:08:11,121 --> 01:08:14,624
actively sought
fissionable materials
in Africa,
1309
01:08:14,658 --> 01:08:19,429
but he hasn't done
anything like that
in the past 12 years.
1310
01:08:19,463 --> 01:08:21,765
The statement, we act like
he did it yesterday.
1311
01:08:21,798 --> 01:08:25,235
Taking bits of intelligence
out of context,
without the qualifiers,
1312
01:08:25,269 --> 01:08:29,139
without the rest of the story,
and placing it as a bullet,
1313
01:08:29,173 --> 01:08:32,108
and presenting it
as if it's a factoid.
1314
01:08:32,142 --> 01:08:33,710
There is no doubt
1315
01:08:33,743 --> 01:08:37,681
that Saddam Hussein now has
weapons of mass destruction.
1316
01:08:37,714 --> 01:08:41,785
And this was given to us,
action officers,
to use in, in papers
1317
01:08:41,818 --> 01:08:43,720
that we would prepare for
our higher-ups,
1318
01:08:43,753 --> 01:08:45,655
to include guys
like Wolfowitz and Rumsfeld.
1319
01:08:45,689 --> 01:08:50,860
The United States knows
that Iraq has weapons
of mass destruction.
1320
01:08:50,894 --> 01:08:54,864
The U.K. knows
that they have weapons
of mass destruction.
1321
01:08:54,898 --> 01:08:56,766
Any country
on the face of the Earth
1322
01:08:56,800 --> 01:08:58,435
with an active
intelligence program
1323
01:08:58,468 --> 01:09:01,971
knows that Iraq has
weapons of mass destruction.
1324
01:09:04,007 --> 01:09:06,910
These guys were manipulating
public opinion,
1325
01:09:06,943 --> 01:09:11,915
okay, creating, uh,
falsehoods and fantasies
1326
01:09:11,948 --> 01:09:15,018
to inspire fear
in the American people
1327
01:09:15,051 --> 01:09:17,521
so that they
could have their war.
1328
01:09:17,554 --> 01:09:19,589
The President
of the United States.
1329
01:09:19,623 --> 01:09:22,826
(PEOPLE CHEERING)
1330
01:09:22,859 --> 01:09:25,395
If war is forced upon us,
1331
01:09:25,429 --> 01:09:27,931
we will fight with
the full force and might
1332
01:09:27,964 --> 01:09:29,966
of the United States military,
1333
01:09:29,999 --> 01:09:32,336
and we will prevail.
1334
01:09:32,369 --> 01:09:33,937
(ALL APPLAUDING)
1335
01:09:37,274 --> 01:09:40,877
Evidence from
intelligence sources,
secret communications,
1336
01:09:40,910 --> 01:09:43,447
and statements
by people now in custody,
1337
01:09:43,480 --> 01:09:47,116
reveal that
Saddam Hussein aids
and protects terrorists,
1338
01:09:48,151 --> 01:09:50,554
including members
of Al Qaeda.
1339
01:09:50,587 --> 01:09:54,891
SEKZER: I remembered
when I was in Vietnam,
we used to get requests,
1340
01:09:54,924 --> 01:09:58,462
"Can you put my father
or my son's name
1341
01:09:58,495 --> 01:10:02,832
"on the side of
the helicopter?
Can you put it on a rocket?"
1342
01:10:02,866 --> 01:10:05,435
I said, "You know what?
1343
01:10:05,469 --> 01:10:09,038
"That's--That's a good idea.
I'm gonna do that.
1344
01:10:09,072 --> 01:10:11,207
"I'm gonna try to do that."
1345
01:10:11,241 --> 01:10:15,579
SEKZER: So I sent out
emails to the Secretary
of all the Armed Forces.
1346
01:10:15,612 --> 01:10:18,615
"I'm a retired New York City
Police Department Sergeant,
1347
01:10:18,648 --> 01:10:20,817
"and a proud Vietnam veteran.
1348
01:10:20,850 --> 01:10:24,421
"I lost my son on 9/11.
1349
01:10:24,454 --> 01:10:27,991
"I can't tell you in words
what his loss means to me.
1350
01:10:28,024 --> 01:10:30,427
"I would respectfully request
1351
01:10:30,460 --> 01:10:34,831
"if you could put his name
on some piece of armament
1352
01:10:34,864 --> 01:10:36,866
"in the Iraq war."
1353
01:10:36,900 --> 01:10:38,735
You know,
we haven't caught bin Laden,
1354
01:10:38,768 --> 01:10:40,704
but, you know,
let's do something here.
1355
01:10:40,737 --> 01:10:42,339
Who is responsible?
1356
01:10:42,372 --> 01:10:44,107
Come on. Let's hit him.
1357
01:10:44,140 --> 01:10:46,876
Iraq was responsible.
Good, let's go.
1358
01:10:46,910 --> 01:10:49,178
You say Iraq?
Let's go. Let's get in there.
1359
01:10:49,212 --> 01:10:52,248
Let's kick the hell
out of them.
1360
01:10:52,282 --> 01:10:56,420
It turns out
it's not that hard
to get a country to go to war.
1361
01:10:56,453 --> 01:10:59,255
CIRINCIONE: That even in
a country like
the United States
1362
01:10:59,289 --> 01:11:01,658
where there is
freedom of information
1363
01:11:01,691 --> 01:11:03,393
and multiple media channels,
1364
01:11:03,427 --> 01:11:06,830
that an administration
can just dominate the debate,
1365
01:11:06,863 --> 01:11:08,965
dominate the argument.
1366
01:11:08,998 --> 01:11:12,702
LEWIS: We have this idea
that we have lots of
information available.
1367
01:11:12,736 --> 01:11:17,273
There's so much
that's not available,
and so much of the "truth"
1368
01:11:17,307 --> 01:11:19,643
is obscured
by political actors
1369
01:11:19,676 --> 01:11:22,145
who don't want the world to
see what they're doing.
1370
01:11:22,178 --> 01:11:26,215
Needless to say,
the President is correct.
1371
01:11:26,249 --> 01:11:27,917
(ALL LAUGHING)
1372
01:11:29,285 --> 01:11:32,922
But what's going on,
I'm sorry to say,
1373
01:11:32,956 --> 01:11:37,594
is a belief that the public
doesn't need to know.
1374
01:11:37,627 --> 01:11:38,995
WOMAN: ...policy is?
1375
01:11:39,028 --> 01:11:41,665
I'm--I'm working my way
over to figuring out
1376
01:11:41,698 --> 01:11:42,932
how I won't answer that.
1377
01:11:42,966 --> 01:11:44,468
(ALL LAUGHING)
1378
01:11:44,501 --> 01:11:47,036
RATHER: Limiting access,
limiting information
1379
01:11:47,070 --> 01:11:51,274
to cover the backsides
of those who are
in charge of the war
1380
01:11:51,307 --> 01:11:55,945
is extremely dangerous
and cannot and shouldn't
be accepted.
1381
01:11:55,979 --> 01:11:57,981
And I'm sorry to say
that up to
1382
01:11:58,014 --> 01:12:00,083
and including the moment
of this interview
1383
01:12:00,116 --> 01:12:02,686
that overwhelmingly
it has been accepted.
1384
01:12:02,719 --> 01:12:06,022
KWIATKOWSKI: The Pentagon
for many years now,
since Vietnam,
1385
01:12:06,055 --> 01:12:09,593
has worked extremely hard
at shaping news
1386
01:12:09,626 --> 01:12:11,761
and how the media
reports that news.
1387
01:12:11,795 --> 01:12:15,465
We train people
to say certain things
in a certain way.
1388
01:12:15,499 --> 01:12:18,134
Our defeat and humiliation
in South Vietnam...
1389
01:12:18,167 --> 01:12:22,739
JOHNSON: What they learned
from Vietnam above all
was that they lost the war
1390
01:12:22,772 --> 01:12:26,743
because they
couldn't keep it private
from the American public.
1391
01:12:26,776 --> 01:12:31,014
LEWIS: After the Vietnam War,
the Pentagon began studying
1392
01:12:31,047 --> 01:12:32,982
how can we make sure
there are no more
1393
01:12:33,016 --> 01:12:34,851
body bags in
American living rooms?
1394
01:12:34,884 --> 01:12:39,923
And we must find a way
to no longer allow
reporters in the field
1395
01:12:39,956 --> 01:12:41,858
to actually see death.
1396
01:12:41,891 --> 01:12:43,460
JOHNSON: You get to
the Iraq war
1397
01:12:43,493 --> 01:12:45,862
when they're discovering
this new typical
1398
01:12:45,895 --> 01:12:47,597
Pentagon jargon
called "embedding."
1399
01:12:47,631 --> 01:12:50,033
Heavy gunfire coming from
the tops of the building.
1400
01:12:50,066 --> 01:12:51,768
We've gotten to know
these Marines very well.
1401
01:12:51,801 --> 01:12:53,236
We--We do live with them.
1402
01:12:53,269 --> 01:12:54,871
We eat with them.
We travel with them.
1403
01:12:54,904 --> 01:12:58,241
But I--I have, I think,
remained objective.
1404
01:12:58,274 --> 01:13:00,677
LEWIS: Embedded coverage
had flags and banners,
1405
01:13:00,710 --> 01:13:03,947
but no one was actually
finding out the truth
about the reasons,
1406
01:13:03,980 --> 01:13:05,482
the rationales, for going in.
1407
01:13:05,515 --> 01:13:07,283
I have great respect
for the media.
1408
01:13:07,316 --> 01:13:11,955
I mean, our, our society
is a good, uh, solid democracy
1409
01:13:11,988 --> 01:13:14,991
because of a good,
solid media.
1410
01:13:15,024 --> 01:13:16,893
But I also understand
that a lot of times
1411
01:13:16,926 --> 01:13:18,695
there's opinions
mixed in with news.
1412
01:13:18,728 --> 01:13:20,229
We won't disagree
with that, sir.
1413
01:13:20,263 --> 01:13:21,731
LEWIS: Let's just
really be honest.
1414
01:13:21,765 --> 01:13:25,234
Reporters
and news organizations
need access to power.
1415
01:13:25,268 --> 01:13:27,003
LEWIS: They need
the President.
1416
01:13:27,036 --> 01:13:28,371
They need
the Defense Secretary.
1417
01:13:28,404 --> 01:13:30,406
They need these people
to speak,
1418
01:13:30,440 --> 01:13:32,909
to be on camera,
to do interviews.
1419
01:13:32,942 --> 01:13:34,878
What you have
is a miniature version
1420
01:13:34,911 --> 01:13:37,113
of what you have
in totalitarian states.
1421
01:13:37,146 --> 01:13:39,883
They produce films about
how great the great leader is
1422
01:13:39,916 --> 01:13:43,787
and how he's getting greater
in every way, every day.
1423
01:13:43,820 --> 01:13:48,792
PRESIDENT BUSH JR.: There will
be a day of reckoning
for the Iraqi regime,
1424
01:13:48,825 --> 01:13:50,960
and that day is drawing near.
1425
01:13:50,994 --> 01:13:52,896
(PEOPLE CHEERING)
1426
01:13:52,929 --> 01:13:57,200
MAN: Ladies and gentlemen,
the United States
Army Chorale.
1427
01:13:57,233 --> 01:14:00,036
* Another day is dawning
1428
01:14:00,069 --> 01:14:02,839
* In America
1429
01:14:02,872 --> 01:14:08,044
* From coast to coast,
our spirit shines
right through *
1430
01:14:08,077 --> 01:14:13,416
Saddam Hussein and his sons
must leave Iraq
within 48 hours.
1431
01:14:13,449 --> 01:14:17,286
PRESIDENT BUSH JR.:
Their refusal to do so will
result in military conflict
1432
01:14:17,320 --> 01:14:20,790
commenced at a time
of our choosing.
1433
01:14:20,824 --> 01:14:23,392
* So don't stop
1434
01:14:23,426 --> 01:14:26,796
* Believing in
what we stand for *
1435
01:14:26,830 --> 01:14:28,264
* What we stand for
1436
01:14:28,297 --> 01:14:29,966
* Don't stop
1437
01:14:29,999 --> 01:14:33,036
* Believing in America
1438
01:14:33,069 --> 01:14:34,237
* Believe
1439
01:14:34,270 --> 01:14:35,404
* Believe
1440
01:14:35,438 --> 01:14:37,340
* Here's to America
1441
01:14:37,373 --> 01:14:39,475
* We truly are
the land of the free *
1442
01:14:39,509 --> 01:14:40,610
* Of the free
1443
01:14:40,644 --> 01:14:42,478
* The free, the free,
the free *
1444
01:14:42,512 --> 01:14:46,149
* Here's to America,
our spirit will be free *
1445
01:14:46,182 --> 01:14:47,851
* It will be free
1446
01:14:47,884 --> 01:14:51,955
* It's in the hearts
of people everywhere *
1447
01:14:51,988 --> 01:14:55,024
* The true American dream
1448
01:14:55,058 --> 01:14:57,093
* Here's to America
1449
01:14:57,126 --> 01:15:01,030
* Here's to America
1450
01:15:01,064 --> 01:15:05,401
* Here's to America
1451
01:15:05,434 --> 01:15:08,137
* Land of the free
1452
01:15:11,307 --> 01:15:13,209
SOLOMON: I've only got
nine days left,
1453
01:15:13,242 --> 01:15:15,945
and I, I'd rather
spend as much time
with my friends as possible.
1454
01:15:15,979 --> 01:15:17,847
Get all my stuff in storage,
1455
01:15:17,881 --> 01:15:20,550
'cause there's still
a few items
I gotta put in storage.
1456
01:15:20,584 --> 01:15:24,153
Except for this TV,
a couple of weights there,
and this right here,
1457
01:15:24,187 --> 01:15:27,156
this hammer and
this Snoopy soap thing
1458
01:15:27,190 --> 01:15:29,659
I've had since
before I can remember.
1459
01:15:29,693 --> 01:15:31,327
That's just stuff
I wanna put in storage
1460
01:15:31,360 --> 01:15:33,697
'cause of its
sentimental value.
1461
01:15:33,730 --> 01:15:35,498
I never really
had that many feelings
1462
01:15:35,531 --> 01:15:37,066
for the place
except for the fact that
1463
01:15:37,100 --> 01:15:39,068
my mom lived in it
for a while,
1464
01:15:39,102 --> 01:15:40,870
but my mom
ain't here anymore.
1465
01:15:40,904 --> 01:15:44,340
So all the, all the feelings
I had associated
with that place
1466
01:15:44,373 --> 01:15:47,476
went away along with my mom.
1467
01:15:47,510 --> 01:15:49,478
There was a point
where I almost
1468
01:15:49,512 --> 01:15:51,414
blamed myself
for my mom's passing.
1469
01:15:51,447 --> 01:15:53,549
I'm handing over the keys.
1470
01:15:53,583 --> 01:15:56,119
SOLOMON: Because she so
didn't want me to go
into the service.
1471
01:15:56,152 --> 01:15:57,954
I had spoken
with her about it.
1472
01:15:57,987 --> 01:15:59,422
And said,
"If anything goes wrong,
1473
01:15:59,455 --> 01:16:01,290
"I'm gonna have to
go into the service."
1474
01:16:01,324 --> 01:16:02,826
I told her. I told her that.
1475
01:16:02,859 --> 01:16:05,028
If anythings go wrong...
If anything goes wrong,
1476
01:16:05,061 --> 01:16:07,697
if you pass away,
I'm gonna have to go
into the service,
1477
01:16:07,731 --> 01:16:09,365
because, as it is,
I can't take care
1478
01:16:09,398 --> 01:16:11,735
of myself, normally,
in the civilian world.
1479
01:16:11,768 --> 01:16:13,603
But what I'm gonna
miss the most, like, just
1480
01:16:13,637 --> 01:16:15,338
a normal day sitting down
with your friends,
1481
01:16:15,371 --> 01:16:16,572
'cause that's not
what I'm gonna get
1482
01:16:16,606 --> 01:16:17,874
for months
on end at a stretch.
1483
01:16:17,907 --> 01:16:20,009
That I'm gonna miss,
1484
01:16:20,043 --> 01:16:21,210
and this view right here.
1485
01:16:21,244 --> 01:16:22,679
This view looking
outside the window,
1486
01:16:22,712 --> 01:16:24,714
I been seeing this since,
like, 1990.
1487
01:16:24,748 --> 01:16:28,685
I used... You know,
I used to hate this view.
I think somehow I still do,
1488
01:16:28,718 --> 01:16:32,288
but it's strange to think
I might actually miss it.
Probably not.
1489
01:16:32,321 --> 01:16:35,959
It's just buildings.
It's my friends
that I'm gonna miss.
1490
01:16:35,992 --> 01:16:37,393
KWIATKOWSKI: I have two sons,
1491
01:16:37,426 --> 01:16:39,462
and I will allow
none of my children
1492
01:16:39,495 --> 01:16:41,230
to serve in
the United States military.
1493
01:16:41,264 --> 01:16:42,766
If you join the military now,
1494
01:16:42,799 --> 01:16:45,902
you are not defending
the United States of America.
1495
01:16:45,935 --> 01:16:51,708
You are, uh, helping, uh,
certain policymakers
pursue an imperial agenda.
1496
01:16:51,741 --> 01:16:55,845
(CROWD CHANTING)
1497
01:16:55,879 --> 01:16:59,683
JOHNSON: In February of 2003,
10 million people
around the world
1498
01:16:59,716 --> 01:17:03,252
marched to demonstrate
against the war in Iraq,
1499
01:17:03,286 --> 01:17:05,421
the largest demonstrations
in British history.
1500
01:17:05,454 --> 01:17:08,792
Two million in London,
400,000 in New York City,
1501
01:17:08,825 --> 01:17:12,896
a million each in
Berlin, Madrid, Rome.
1502
01:17:12,929 --> 01:17:14,831
BYRD: On this February day,
1503
01:17:14,864 --> 01:17:18,902
as this nation stands
at the brink of battle,
1504
01:17:18,935 --> 01:17:21,337
every American on some level
1505
01:17:21,370 --> 01:17:25,441
must be contemplating
the horrors of war.
1506
01:17:25,474 --> 01:17:30,980
And yet this chamber is,
for the most part,
1507
01:17:31,014 --> 01:17:34,818
ominously, ominously,
1508
01:17:36,019 --> 01:17:38,121
dreadfully silent.
1509
01:17:39,689 --> 01:17:42,759
You can hear a pin drop.
Listen.
1510
01:17:45,361 --> 01:17:47,831
There is no debate.
1511
01:17:47,864 --> 01:17:50,333
There is no attempt
to lay out for the nation
1512
01:17:50,366 --> 01:17:54,103
the pros and cons
of this particular war.
1513
01:17:54,137 --> 01:17:57,774
KWIATKOWSKI: We have
a Congress that failed
in every way
1514
01:17:57,807 --> 01:18:02,211
to ask the right questions,
to hold the President
to account.
1515
01:18:02,245 --> 01:18:03,780
Our Congress
failed us miserably,
1516
01:18:03,813 --> 01:18:05,782
and that's because
many in Congress
1517
01:18:05,815 --> 01:18:07,884
are beholden to the
military-industrial complex.
1518
01:18:07,917 --> 01:18:10,419
CIRINCIONE: I would think
Eisenhower, you know,
1519
01:18:10,453 --> 01:18:12,856
must be rolling over
in his grave.
1520
01:18:12,889 --> 01:18:14,958
In some ways, the
military-industrial complex
1521
01:18:14,991 --> 01:18:19,462
may have become so pervasive
that it is now invisible.
1522
01:18:19,495 --> 01:18:22,198
This is about, you know,
ideas and influence
1523
01:18:22,231 --> 01:18:25,168
and what's safe
for your career.
1524
01:18:25,201 --> 01:18:27,771
Being seen in opposition
1525
01:18:27,804 --> 01:18:31,707
to strong defense policies
is a liability,
1526
01:18:31,741 --> 01:18:34,710
not just for a politician
who wants to run for president
1527
01:18:34,744 --> 01:18:38,047
but for an expert who wants to
make a name in town,
1528
01:18:38,081 --> 01:18:40,649
for a journalist who wants to
get his or her story
1529
01:18:40,683 --> 01:18:43,820
on the front page
of the paper.
1530
01:18:43,853 --> 01:18:48,191
In this way, restricting
the level of discussion
1531
01:18:48,224 --> 01:18:51,360
to this, this rush for war.
1532
01:18:51,394 --> 01:18:54,798
Mr. Vice President,
do you think the American
people are prepared
1533
01:18:54,831 --> 01:18:58,567
for a long, costly,
and bloody battle?
1534
01:18:58,601 --> 01:19:01,170
I don't...
I don't think it's likely
to unfold that way, Tim,
1535
01:19:01,204 --> 01:19:04,908
because I really do believe
we will be greeted
as liberators.
1536
01:19:11,214 --> 01:19:16,519
TOOMEY: I was just starting
to--to see the creepings
of the sun coming up.
1537
01:19:16,552 --> 01:19:19,688
As we approached the city,
a low deck of clouds
showed up.
1538
01:19:19,722 --> 01:19:21,424
Uh, in the past
that had been a bad thing,
1539
01:19:21,457 --> 01:19:23,726
'cause in the F-117
we drop laser-guided bombs.
1540
01:19:23,759 --> 01:19:26,629
So if you can't see
your target,
you can't drop a bomb on it.
1541
01:19:26,662 --> 01:19:29,966
Uh, this day I had
the Enhanced GBU,
and now I was kind of happy.
1542
01:19:29,999 --> 01:19:31,634
They couldn't see me.
I couldn't see them.
1543
01:19:31,667 --> 01:19:33,636
But my bombs could find
a spot on the ground.
1544
01:19:33,669 --> 01:19:37,040
MAN: But still,
extraordinarily,
people heading towards work.
1545
01:19:37,073 --> 01:19:39,843
One or two cars
are actually racing past me.
1546
01:19:39,876 --> 01:19:42,611
They know things
are going to happen now.
1547
01:19:42,645 --> 01:19:44,713
TOOMEY: The target area
was called Dora Farms.
1548
01:19:44,747 --> 01:19:48,451
It was
a presidential-type palace
along the side of a river.
1549
01:19:48,484 --> 01:19:51,687
I see the river.
I know I'm in a right part
of the town
1550
01:19:51,720 --> 01:19:54,090
where I was told that
I need to deliver the bomb.
1551
01:19:54,123 --> 01:19:57,126
WOMAN: Let's just
have a look at the, uh,
scenes live from Baghdad.
1552
01:19:57,160 --> 01:19:58,962
MAN: Air raid sirens.
1553
01:19:58,995 --> 01:20:02,698
WOMAN: Air raid sirens
are being sounded
in the Iraqi capital.
1554
01:20:02,731 --> 01:20:04,333
TOOMEY: Pressed in
across the target,
1555
01:20:04,367 --> 01:20:07,136
I think, our time
over target was about 0530.
1556
01:20:07,170 --> 01:20:09,906
HOEHN: And so I let
the bombs go, let them rip.
1557
01:20:09,939 --> 01:20:12,909
MAN: You can hear those
air raid sirens howling...
1558
01:20:12,942 --> 01:20:14,677
(EXPLOSIONS)
1559
01:20:14,710 --> 01:20:17,613
MAN: So now things do
seem to be heating up.
1560
01:20:19,182 --> 01:20:22,886
We dropped four enhanced GBU
2,000 pound bunker busters,
1561
01:20:22,919 --> 01:20:24,020
satellite-guided.
1562
01:20:24,053 --> 01:20:25,788
(EXPLOSIONS)
1563
01:20:25,821 --> 01:20:28,992
MAN 3: There's a
large explosion.
1564
01:20:29,025 --> 01:20:30,927
They both came off,
seemed to come off.
1565
01:20:30,960 --> 01:20:33,096
I didn't notice anything
adverse about it.
1566
01:20:33,129 --> 01:20:34,463
I'd dropped bombs before.
1567
01:20:34,497 --> 01:20:36,232
When the weapons
fell out of the airplane,
1568
01:20:36,265 --> 01:20:40,069
I realized that this is
the opening strike
of Operation Iraqi Freedom.
1569
01:20:40,103 --> 01:20:42,671
And I said, "Well,
if we did our job tonight,
1570
01:20:42,705 --> 01:20:45,541
"this whole thing
might be over tomorrow."
1571
01:20:45,574 --> 01:20:48,144
(PEOPLE CHATTERING
IN ARABIC)
1572
01:20:48,177 --> 01:20:49,946
(SIREN WAILING)
1573
01:20:59,855 --> 01:21:01,991
(ALL CHATTERING)
1574
01:21:03,226 --> 01:21:07,130
(HOWLING)
1575
01:21:07,163 --> 01:21:11,034
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1576
01:21:36,292 --> 01:21:38,161
There's no question
but that the strike
1577
01:21:38,194 --> 01:21:40,329
on, on that, um,
leadership headquarters
1578
01:21:40,363 --> 01:21:41,797
was successful.
1579
01:21:41,830 --> 01:21:44,667
We have photographs
of what took place.
1580
01:21:44,700 --> 01:21:46,869
MAN: The mystery
of what happened begins here
1581
01:21:46,902 --> 01:21:49,505
at a palace compound
called Dora Farm.
1582
01:21:49,538 --> 01:21:51,540
One weapon clearly missed.
1583
01:21:51,574 --> 01:21:55,878
Others landed just
outside the wall,
destroying other buildings.
1584
01:21:56,946 --> 01:21:59,515
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1585
01:22:02,051 --> 01:22:04,687
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1586
01:22:17,600 --> 01:22:22,405
SEKZER: I think I was
reading something
about the bombing in Iraq,
1587
01:22:22,438 --> 01:22:25,708
and, uh, I get this email.
1588
01:22:25,741 --> 01:22:27,810
SEKZER: To Major
Thomas V. Johnson
1589
01:22:27,843 --> 01:22:30,346
from Lieutenant Commander
Stephen Franzoni.
1590
01:22:30,379 --> 01:22:33,749
The private to the corporal
to the captain to this, all...
1591
01:22:33,782 --> 01:22:36,685
Must have been,
like, 42 emails,
1592
01:22:36,719 --> 01:22:40,189
and some of them were saying,
"Oh, I don't know
if we can do this."
1593
01:22:40,223 --> 01:22:43,626
SEKZER: "Sirs,
normally we do not take
personal requests."
1594
01:22:43,659 --> 01:22:45,628
"Son died on 9/11,
wants to know
1595
01:22:45,661 --> 01:22:47,596
if we could put name
on bomb."
1596
01:22:47,630 --> 01:22:49,665
Passing it up,
"Harry, this is Jerry.
1597
01:22:49,698 --> 01:22:51,767
"Do you think
we can do something
like that?"
1598
01:22:51,800 --> 01:22:54,170
"Joe, Fairly easy,
don't you think?"
1599
01:22:54,203 --> 01:22:56,905
SEKZER: "Well,
we'll look into it.
Let me go ask Harry."
1600
01:22:56,939 --> 01:23:00,109
And you read this
whole list of emails.
1601
01:23:00,143 --> 01:23:02,845
SEKZER: "Sorry for the delay,
but business is booming.
1602
01:23:02,878 --> 01:23:06,182
"The weapons don't stay still
long enough to write
on them."
1603
01:23:06,215 --> 01:23:08,684
And finally, it goes to
1604
01:23:08,717 --> 01:23:12,155
uh, this Marine,
uh, Air Division.
1605
01:23:12,188 --> 01:23:14,157
"Can do. Semper fi."
1606
01:23:14,190 --> 01:23:15,424
Boom, boom, boom.
1607
01:23:15,458 --> 01:23:18,527
I get back the pictures.
1608
01:23:18,561 --> 01:23:21,764
SEKZER: I'm looking
at the picture, I'm saying,
"Holy smokes."
1609
01:23:21,797 --> 01:23:24,633
There's a picture of a bomb
1610
01:23:24,667 --> 01:23:28,137
and then a close-up of
the same bomb
and on the side of it...
1611
01:23:28,171 --> 01:23:30,939
"In loving memory
of Jason Sekzer."
1612
01:23:30,973 --> 01:23:35,944
And the story that this is
a 2,000-pound guided bomb
1613
01:23:35,978 --> 01:23:39,848
and that it was dropped
on April 1st,
1614
01:23:39,882 --> 01:23:45,354
and it met with, uh,
100% success.
1615
01:23:45,388 --> 01:23:50,126
The weapons
that are being used today
have a degree of precision
1616
01:23:50,159 --> 01:23:53,929
that no one ever dreamt of
in a prior conflict.
1617
01:23:56,165 --> 01:23:59,435
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1618
01:24:02,938 --> 01:24:04,807
JOHNSON: For a long time
the American military
1619
01:24:04,840 --> 01:24:06,642
has been emphasizing
this idea
1620
01:24:06,675 --> 01:24:08,677
of precision-guided munitions,
1621
01:24:08,711 --> 01:24:13,816
that we can now wage war
and prevent casualties
to civilians.
1622
01:24:13,849 --> 01:24:15,551
JOHNSON: It simply isn't true.
1623
01:24:15,584 --> 01:24:17,052
The bombs
aren't that reliable.
1624
01:24:17,086 --> 01:24:19,888
The precision guidance
isn't that good.
1625
01:24:19,922 --> 01:24:22,858
I would say, is there
a personal computer owner
on Earth
1626
01:24:22,891 --> 01:24:25,861
who has not had
his machine bomb on him
1627
01:24:25,894 --> 01:24:27,896
or lose his work that day?
1628
01:24:27,930 --> 01:24:30,866
There's not a one
who hasn't had
that experience.
1629
01:24:39,642 --> 01:24:41,910
Now the
military-industrial complex
1630
01:24:41,944 --> 01:24:44,313
has handily provided
these guys
with all sorts of weapons
1631
01:24:44,347 --> 01:24:46,749
and, basically,
a level of technical arrogance
1632
01:24:46,782 --> 01:24:49,885
that, "We can go
do anything we want
'cause we got smart weapons
1633
01:24:49,918 --> 01:24:53,088
"that do the job
with a minimum
of collateral damage."
1634
01:24:53,122 --> 01:24:56,058
But it's BS as far
as I'm concerned.
1635
01:25:09,172 --> 01:25:12,575
(MAN SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1636
01:25:19,815 --> 01:25:23,051
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1637
01:25:45,374 --> 01:25:48,811
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1638
01:26:02,691 --> 01:26:06,195
(SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1639
01:26:16,171 --> 01:26:17,773
TOOMEY: It still seems
like a dream to me.
1640
01:26:17,806 --> 01:26:19,208
I mean,
we tell the story about it,
1641
01:26:19,242 --> 01:26:20,776
and we'd sit down
and talk with your kids,
1642
01:26:20,809 --> 01:26:22,911
and, uh, you get some
tough questions.
1643
01:26:22,945 --> 01:26:24,580
You get asked
by your daughter, "Did you
1644
01:26:24,613 --> 01:26:26,882
go out and, uh, and try
to kill Saddam Hussein?"
1645
01:26:26,915 --> 01:26:29,252
And that's a tough one to
answer to a little kid.
1646
01:26:29,285 --> 01:26:32,488
When we saw him on TV, sure,
one side of me said,
1647
01:26:32,521 --> 01:26:35,824
"You know,
I guess we didn't get him."
But in the end we got him.
1648
01:26:35,858 --> 01:26:37,926
How many times in a lifetime
1649
01:26:37,960 --> 01:26:41,464
does an individual
get the opportunity
1650
01:26:41,497 --> 01:26:43,198
to take the opening shots
1651
01:26:44,333 --> 01:26:48,737
in a conflict that will
liberate a people?
1652
01:26:54,843 --> 01:26:59,648
Two minutes
till death and destruction!
1653
01:26:59,682 --> 01:27:02,751
* Shadows are falling
1654
01:27:02,785 --> 01:27:05,087
* And I've been here all day
1655
01:27:08,223 --> 01:27:10,759
* It's too hot to sleep
1656
01:27:11,927 --> 01:27:14,863
* The time is running away
1657
01:27:18,000 --> 01:27:23,238
* Feel like my soul
has turned into steel *
1658
01:27:23,272 --> 01:27:24,873
MAN 1: He's faking
he's fucking dead!
1659
01:27:24,907 --> 01:27:27,743
(GUN FIRES)
MAN 2: Yeah, he is playing...
1660
01:27:27,776 --> 01:27:29,144
* I've still got the scars
1661
01:27:29,177 --> 01:27:30,245
You got a weapon?
1662
01:27:30,279 --> 01:27:33,148
* That the sun didn't heal
1663
01:27:33,181 --> 01:27:35,083
Jesus Christ! Fuck!
1664
01:27:36,652 --> 01:27:38,454
* There's not even
room enough *
1665
01:27:38,487 --> 01:27:40,589
Get up! Stay on there.
1666
01:27:40,623 --> 01:27:44,092
* To be anywhere
1667
01:27:44,126 --> 01:27:46,962
So let there be no doubt
that the liberation of Iraq...
1668
01:27:46,995 --> 01:27:49,665
* It's not dark yet
1669
01:27:49,698 --> 01:27:51,600
* But it's getting there
1670
01:27:51,634 --> 01:27:53,736
MAN: ...how we defend our
country in the 21st century.
1671
01:27:53,769 --> 01:27:56,238
MAN: Four more U.S. troops
lost their lives
today in Iraq.
1672
01:27:56,271 --> 01:27:57,640
The only son I had.
1673
01:27:57,673 --> 01:27:59,808
RATHER: With U.S. casualties
mounting in Iraq...
1674
01:27:59,842 --> 01:28:01,243
* It's not dark yet
1675
01:28:01,276 --> 01:28:02,778
WOMAN: Smart bombs
exploded and too much blood
1676
01:28:02,811 --> 01:28:03,979
was shed there today
on a horrific scale.
1677
01:28:04,012 --> 01:28:06,148
* But it's getting there
1678
01:28:06,181 --> 01:28:07,750
MAN: Under fire
from critics who charge
1679
01:28:07,783 --> 01:28:11,286
he's been blurring the lines
between Iraq and 9/11,
1680
01:28:11,320 --> 01:28:13,589
President Bush was forced
to clarify yesterday.
1681
01:28:13,622 --> 01:28:15,591
W-W-We've had no evidence
1682
01:28:15,624 --> 01:28:18,727
that Saddam Hussein
was involved with
September the 11th.
1683
01:28:18,761 --> 01:28:21,630
Now, what the Vice President
said was, is that he has...
1684
01:28:21,664 --> 01:28:23,098
SEKZER: What did he just say?
1685
01:28:23,131 --> 01:28:25,267
I mean, I almost
jumped out of the chair.
1686
01:28:25,300 --> 01:28:28,771
"I don't know
where people got the idea
1687
01:28:28,804 --> 01:28:32,375
"that I connected
Iraq to 9/11."
1688
01:28:32,408 --> 01:28:33,576
What is he, nuts or what?
1689
01:28:33,609 --> 01:28:34,943
What the hell
did we go in there for?
1690
01:28:34,977 --> 01:28:37,346
SEKZER: We're getting back
for 9/11.
1691
01:28:37,380 --> 01:28:39,748
Well, if he didn't have
anything to do with 9/11,
1692
01:28:39,782 --> 01:28:40,816
why are we going in there?
1693
01:28:40,849 --> 01:28:42,618
I--I was mad.
1694
01:28:42,651 --> 01:28:44,487
I was mad.
1695
01:28:44,520 --> 01:28:48,056
My first thought is,
you know,
"You're--You're a liar."
1696
01:28:53,662 --> 01:28:55,631
SEKZER: I'm--I'm from
the old school.
1697
01:28:55,664 --> 01:28:57,800
Certain people walk on water.
1698
01:28:57,833 --> 01:29:00,603
The President
of the United States
is one of them.
1699
01:29:00,636 --> 01:29:04,072
If I can't trust the President
of the United States,
1700
01:29:04,106 --> 01:29:06,409
I don't know.
1701
01:29:06,442 --> 01:29:10,513
It's a terrible thing
when American citizens
can't trust their president.
1702
01:29:10,546 --> 01:29:13,516
You begin to wonder
what the hell is
with the whole system.
1703
01:29:13,549 --> 01:29:17,052
There's something wrong
with the entire system.
1704
01:29:22,057 --> 01:29:25,961
The government exploited
my feelings of patriotism,
1705
01:29:25,994 --> 01:29:29,532
of a deep desire for,
uh, revenge
1706
01:29:30,599 --> 01:29:32,868
for what happened to my son.
1707
01:29:34,369 --> 01:29:39,341
But I was so insane
with wanting to get even,
1708
01:29:39,374 --> 01:29:42,044
I was willing
to believe anything.
1709
01:29:47,516 --> 01:29:52,320
Undoubtedly, there are people
who may listen
to my statements
1710
01:29:54,022 --> 01:29:55,791
and think that I'm no good,
that I'm an SOB,
1711
01:29:55,824 --> 01:29:58,093
I'm a warmonger, I'm this,
I'm that, whatever.
1712
01:29:58,126 --> 01:29:59,728
I should never have put
my son's name on it.
1713
01:29:59,762 --> 01:30:02,998
I should be ashamed that I put
my son's name on it.
1714
01:30:03,932 --> 01:30:05,734
(SIGHING)
1715
01:30:05,768 --> 01:30:10,806
Am I sorry I asked
for my son's name
to be put on the bomb?
1716
01:30:13,141 --> 01:30:14,743
No.
1717
01:30:14,777 --> 01:30:18,881
Because I acted
under the conditions
at that time.
1718
01:30:19,748 --> 01:30:21,049
Was it wrong?
1719
01:30:21,083 --> 01:30:24,119
Yeah, it was wrong,
but I didn't know that.
1720
01:30:24,152 --> 01:30:27,322
So is it regrettable?
1721
01:30:30,659 --> 01:30:32,094
(SIGHING)
1722
01:30:42,971 --> 01:30:45,674
(SOLDIER CHATTERING)
1723
01:30:45,708 --> 01:30:46,942
(SHOUTS)
1724
01:30:51,213 --> 01:30:53,081
KWIATKOWSKI:
The reason we're in Iraq,
1725
01:30:53,115 --> 01:30:56,018
first off, has,
has not honestly been told
to the American people.
1726
01:30:56,051 --> 01:30:57,553
It certainly
had nothing to do
1727
01:30:57,586 --> 01:30:58,954
with the liberation
of the Iraqi people.
1728
01:30:58,987 --> 01:31:00,589
It was never
part of the agenda,
1729
01:31:00,623 --> 01:31:03,025
and it's not part
of the agenda now.
1730
01:31:03,058 --> 01:31:06,662
JOHNSON: We know we did not
have an exit strategy
in the invasion of Iraq,
1731
01:31:06,695 --> 01:31:08,497
because we didn't
intend to leave.
1732
01:31:08,531 --> 01:31:10,165
We are in the process,
right now,
1733
01:31:10,198 --> 01:31:14,436
of building 14
permanent bases in Iraq.
1734
01:31:14,469 --> 01:31:19,642
LEWIS: There is this
incredible hubris, right now,
that we are invincible
1735
01:31:19,675 --> 01:31:23,812
and we are
the pre-eminent power
on planet Earth.
1736
01:31:23,846 --> 01:31:26,915
American power
and American empire
1737
01:31:26,949 --> 01:31:31,353
is actually flaunted
in people's faces
around the world,
1738
01:31:31,386 --> 01:31:34,389
where we rub
our--our shoe in their face
1739
01:31:34,422 --> 01:31:37,325
and tell them
that we are top dog.
1740
01:31:37,359 --> 01:31:38,694
MAN 1: Get down now!
MAN 2: Head down!
1741
01:31:38,727 --> 01:31:40,629
LEWIS: And you will
work with us,
1742
01:31:40,663 --> 01:31:44,633
because you sure as hell
don't wanna be against us.
1743
01:31:44,667 --> 01:31:48,403
The world has changed,
and we're not going back
to where we were.
1744
01:31:48,436 --> 01:31:52,507
I--I find one of the
sillier ideas is the notion,
1745
01:31:52,541 --> 01:31:54,476
and you hear it
all the time, uh,
1746
01:31:54,509 --> 01:31:57,680
American policy
has been hijacked
by a handful of people,
1747
01:31:57,713 --> 01:31:59,815
and as soon
as they're out of there,
1748
01:31:59,848 --> 01:32:02,150
we're gonna go back
to the way it was.
1749
01:32:02,184 --> 01:32:04,386
They're wrong about that,
1750
01:32:04,419 --> 01:32:07,623
because we are not
the same people
we were before.
1751
01:32:10,826 --> 01:32:13,128
JOHNSON: We are
walking on thin ice.
1752
01:32:13,161 --> 01:32:15,297
We are treading
the same path
1753
01:32:15,330 --> 01:32:18,100
taken by the first
democratic regime
1754
01:32:18,133 --> 01:32:19,968
ever created
in the Western world,
1755
01:32:20,002 --> 01:32:22,104
namely the Roman republic.
1756
01:32:22,137 --> 01:32:25,808
The Roman republic
inadvertently acquired
an empire around the world,
1757
01:32:25,841 --> 01:32:30,779
and they then discovered
that to maintain, expand,
protect this empire,
1758
01:32:30,813 --> 01:32:32,615
they required
standing armies.
1759
01:32:32,648 --> 01:32:34,683
Standing armies
is what George Washington
1760
01:32:34,717 --> 01:32:36,685
warned us against
in his farewell address,
1761
01:32:36,719 --> 01:32:40,255
that they will destroy
the structure of government
1762
01:32:40,288 --> 01:32:42,858
that we tried to create
in our Constitution
1763
01:32:42,891 --> 01:32:45,994
to prevent the rise
of an imperial presidency.
1764
01:32:46,028 --> 01:32:48,631
(ALL APPLAUDING)
1765
01:32:48,664 --> 01:32:51,700
JOHNSON: The single
most important article
in our Constitution
1766
01:32:51,734 --> 01:32:54,536
is the one that gives
the right to go to war
1767
01:32:54,569 --> 01:32:56,504
exclusively to
the elected representatives
1768
01:32:56,538 --> 01:32:58,674
of the people,
to the Congress.
1769
01:32:58,707 --> 01:33:01,543
Our Congress,
in October of 2002,
1770
01:33:01,576 --> 01:33:05,313
voted in both houses
to give this power
to a single man,
1771
01:33:05,347 --> 01:33:08,483
including the use
of nuclear weapons,
if he so chose.
1772
01:33:08,516 --> 01:33:11,086
And, of course, less than,
uh, six months later,
1773
01:33:11,119 --> 01:33:13,889
he did choose
to exercise it in Iraq.
1774
01:33:13,922 --> 01:33:19,361
For too long
our culture has said,
"If it feels good, do it."
1775
01:33:19,394 --> 01:33:23,298
Now America is embracing
a new ethic and a new creed.
1776
01:33:23,331 --> 01:33:24,800
Let's roll.
1777
01:33:24,833 --> 01:33:26,769
(PEOPLE APPLAUDING)
1778
01:33:26,802 --> 01:33:30,238
LEWIS: I think the history
of the United States,
as a work in progress,
1779
01:33:30,272 --> 01:33:32,741
and our attempt
at democracy here,
1780
01:33:32,775 --> 01:33:36,111
is a, a constant struggle
between capitalism
and democracy.
1781
01:33:36,144 --> 01:33:38,213
And there have been
ebbs and flows
1782
01:33:38,246 --> 01:33:40,482
where democracy
looks like it's winning.
1783
01:33:40,515 --> 01:33:42,651
You rein in
those powerful forces,
1784
01:33:42,685 --> 01:33:47,656
but the fundamental reality
is that most of the
government's decisions today
1785
01:33:47,690 --> 01:33:51,660
are substantially dictated by
powerful corporate interests.
1786
01:33:51,694 --> 01:33:53,929
Clearly,
capitalism is winning.
1787
01:33:53,962 --> 01:33:56,631
(PEOPLE SHOUTING)
1788
01:33:57,700 --> 01:34:00,368
(MAN SPEAKING IN ARABIC)
1789
01:34:15,818 --> 01:34:19,855
JOHNSON: In my lifetime,
I have seen the collapse
of the Nazi,
1790
01:34:19,888 --> 01:34:23,859
of the imperial Japanese,
of the British, French, Dutch,
1791
01:34:23,892 --> 01:34:25,160
and Russian empires.
1792
01:34:25,193 --> 01:34:26,829
They go down pretty easily.
1793
01:34:26,862 --> 01:34:29,832
What I want Americans
to understand today,
1794
01:34:29,865 --> 01:34:31,867
the price of liberty
is eternal vigilance.
1795
01:34:31,900 --> 01:34:33,869
And we have not been vigilant
1796
01:34:33,902 --> 01:34:38,240
since Dwight Eisenhower
issued his warning to us
back in 1961
1797
01:34:38,273 --> 01:34:41,009
about the dangers
of unauthorized power
1798
01:34:41,043 --> 01:34:43,511
in the form of the
military-industrial complex.
1799
01:34:43,545 --> 01:34:45,580
EISENHOWER: We should
take nothing for granted.
1800
01:34:45,613 --> 01:34:49,952
Only an alert and
knowledgeable citizenry
can compel
1801
01:34:49,985 --> 01:34:52,620
the proper meshing
of the huge industrial
1802
01:34:52,654 --> 01:34:54,723
and military machinery
of defense
1803
01:34:54,757 --> 01:34:57,092
with our peaceful
methods and goals
1804
01:34:57,125 --> 01:35:00,763
so that security and liberty
may prosper together.
1805
01:35:03,031 --> 01:35:05,333
KWIATKOWSKI:
You gotta realize,
20 years in the military,
1806
01:35:05,367 --> 01:35:10,939
you're trained always
to respect authority,
to be a team player.
1807
01:35:10,973 --> 01:35:12,841
When the war started in Iraq,
1808
01:35:12,875 --> 01:35:17,045
I hit a turning point
in--in where my values
1809
01:35:17,079 --> 01:35:19,782
as an officer, diverged.
1810
01:35:19,815 --> 01:35:21,149
KWIATKOWSKI: Hey, buddy!
1811
01:35:21,183 --> 01:35:23,852
KWIATKOWSKI: I had to
basically remove myself.
1812
01:35:25,020 --> 01:35:26,855
So, um, why we fight?
1813
01:35:26,889 --> 01:35:29,958
I think we fight
'cause, uh, too many people
are not standing up saying,
1814
01:35:29,992 --> 01:35:31,894
"I'm not doing this anymore."
1815
01:35:34,062 --> 01:35:36,765
* I fought in a war
1816
01:35:36,799 --> 01:35:41,436
* And I left
my friends behind me *
1817
01:35:41,469 --> 01:35:45,473
* To go looking
for the enemy *
1818
01:35:45,507 --> 01:35:50,445
* And it wasn't very long
1819
01:35:51,413 --> 01:35:54,382
* Before I would stand
1820
01:35:54,416 --> 01:35:58,821
* With another boy
in front of me *
1821
01:35:58,854 --> 01:36:02,724
* And a corpse
that just fell into me *
1822
01:36:02,757 --> 01:36:07,395
* With the bullets
flying round *
1823
01:36:07,429 --> 01:36:10,265
* And I reminded myself
1824
01:36:10,298 --> 01:36:13,035
* Of the words you said
1825
01:36:13,068 --> 01:36:15,804
* When we were getting on
1826
01:36:15,838 --> 01:36:19,607
* And I bet you're making
shells back home *
1827
01:36:19,641 --> 01:36:23,545
* For a steady boy to wear
1828
01:36:25,013 --> 01:36:27,049
* I fought in a war
1829
01:36:27,082 --> 01:36:30,819
* And I left
my friends behind me *
1830
01:36:30,853 --> 01:36:34,756
* To go looking
for the enemy *
1831
01:36:34,789 --> 01:36:38,493
* Of the decade gone before
1832
01:36:38,526 --> 01:36:43,331
* I reminded myself
of the words you said *
1833
01:36:43,365 --> 01:36:45,667
* When we were getting on
1834
01:36:45,700 --> 01:36:49,504
* And I bet you're making
shells back home *
1835
01:36:49,537 --> 01:36:53,208
* For a steady man to wear
1836
01:36:53,241 --> 01:36:54,809
* Round his neck
1837
01:36:54,843 --> 01:36:58,380
* Well, it won't hurt
to think of you *
1838
01:36:58,413 --> 01:37:01,349
* As if you're waiting for
1839
01:37:01,383 --> 01:37:03,886
* This letter to arrive
1840
01:37:03,919 --> 01:37:08,656
* Because I'll be
here quite a while *
1841
01:37:38,753 --> 01:37:41,523
* I fought in a war
1842
01:37:41,556 --> 01:37:45,093
* I didn't know
where it would end *
1843
01:37:45,127 --> 01:37:48,763
* It stretched
before me infinitely *
1844
01:37:48,796 --> 01:37:52,300
* I couldn't really think
1845
01:37:53,501 --> 01:37:55,904
* Take me home now
1846
01:37:55,938 --> 01:37:57,772
* Keep your head down, pal
1847
01:37:57,805 --> 01:38:00,108
* There's trouble plenty
1848
01:38:00,142 --> 01:38:02,710
* In this hour, this day
1849
01:38:02,744 --> 01:38:06,748
* I can't see hope,
I can't see light *
1850
01:38:06,781 --> 01:38:11,619
* I reminded myself
of the looks you gave *
1851
01:38:11,653 --> 01:38:14,289
* When we were getting on
1852
01:38:14,322 --> 01:38:17,859
* I bet you're making
shells back home *
1853
01:38:17,892 --> 01:38:21,096
* For a steady man to wear
1854
01:38:21,129 --> 01:38:22,697
* Round his neck
1855
01:38:22,730 --> 01:38:26,601
* Well, it won't hurt
to think of you *
1856
01:38:26,634 --> 01:38:29,137
* As if you're waiting for
1857
01:38:29,171 --> 01:38:31,873
* This letter to arrive
1858
01:38:31,906 --> 01:38:36,478
* Because I'll be here
quite a while *
154005
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