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Great personalities are born and leave
exactly at the right time.
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00:00:20,686 --> 00:00:22,647
I Mati Hint's case, he departed
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00:00:22,807 --> 00:00:28,039
on the very day the Year
of Estonian Language concluded.
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00:00:28,199 --> 00:00:31,431
How symbolically he managed to leave.
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00:00:32,390 --> 00:00:36,541
The Year of Estonian Language ended,
as well as a man's life.
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00:00:44,937 --> 00:00:48,146
We haven't given enough merit
to our great people.
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00:00:48,306 --> 00:00:52,053
In history, in their time,
and later.
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00:00:54,908 --> 00:00:58,807
What characterizes Mati,
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00:00:59,007 --> 00:01:02,239
is that would be understatement to say
he had no pink glasses,
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00:01:02,399 --> 00:01:04,316
he had definitely black ones.
13
00:01:04,476 --> 00:01:10,326
And that was an inseparable
feature of his character.
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00:01:10,487 --> 00:01:13,807
So for him,
a glass was not only half empty,
15
00:01:13,968 --> 00:01:16,123
it was almost completely empty.
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00:01:16,283 --> 00:01:20,919
And even if there was something in the
glass, it would become empty very soon.
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00:01:21,087 --> 00:01:25,094
It is inevitable, the glass will be
empty, no way to avoid it.
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00:01:25,254 --> 00:01:28,366
His phrase was:
"Lose any hope."
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00:01:30,484 --> 00:01:38,484
LANGUAGE REBEL
MATI HINT
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00:01:56,039 --> 00:02:01,235
When a change of paradigm
takes place in science,
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00:02:01,395 --> 00:02:04,485
but the theory of phonology
is a change of paradigm,
22
00:02:04,645 --> 00:02:09,953
you can't go on with old terminology,
you have to set it aside.
23
00:02:10,127 --> 00:02:13,447
It's like with the flat Earth theory.
I have explained that.
24
00:02:13,607 --> 00:02:19,021
If you go for a theory
of spherical Earth,
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00:02:19,167 --> 00:02:24,727
you can no more describe the dome of sky
coming so close to the Earth
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00:02:24,927 --> 00:02:29,366
that at the edge of the world, people
can only crawl or be tiny as bottles.
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00:02:29,527 --> 00:02:36,381
You can not imagine yourself sitting on
the edge of the world with your beloved
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00:02:36,527 --> 00:02:39,406
and kick your heels over the edge.
29
00:02:39,566 --> 00:02:42,051
If you embrace
the spherical Earth theory,
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00:02:42,211 --> 00:02:45,559
then you must give up the notion
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00:02:45,720 --> 00:02:49,077
of the edge of the world
and the dome of sky.
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00:02:49,237 --> 00:02:52,694
But it doesn't happen
in Estonian language studies.
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00:02:53,468 --> 00:02:57,889
They seem to say they understand
that the paradigm has changed,
34
00:02:58,050 --> 00:02:59,807
but in fact, they do not.
35
00:03:15,791 --> 00:03:17,726
I was a member of a workgroup
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00:03:17,887 --> 00:03:21,333
raising the new generation
of Estonian linguistics.
37
00:03:21,493 --> 00:03:27,171
It was the group of Generative Grammar
in Tartu University in 60's and 70's.
38
00:03:27,367 --> 00:03:30,429
Mati had already graduated by then,
a post graduate researcher,
39
00:03:30,589 --> 00:03:34,134
and he was one of the great
and wise I met there.
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00:03:34,294 --> 00:03:36,294
He was a very independent thinker
41
00:03:36,487 --> 00:03:39,527
and engaged in a field nobody knew much,
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00:03:39,687 --> 00:03:41,605
so we listened very carefully.
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00:03:41,765 --> 00:03:47,107
He was already kind of stubborn
and prone to big speeches,
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00:03:47,327 --> 00:03:51,397
sometimes exaggerating, too,
so we used to say,
45
00:03:51,567 --> 00:03:54,927
Don't believe what Hint says,
Hint has crazy ideas.
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00:03:57,549 --> 00:03:59,470
That's how it was indeed.
47
00:04:02,121 --> 00:04:07,113
In the end of the 70's
and the beginning of the 80's.
48
00:04:07,273 --> 00:04:09,088
It really was.
49
00:04:09,862 --> 00:04:11,799
Some one came up with the idea
50
00:04:11,959 --> 00:04:15,496
that in Estonian language,
all the vowels and consonants
51
00:04:15,657 --> 00:04:17,965
have four phonological durations.
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00:04:18,125 --> 00:04:20,972
And vowels have tones, too.
53
00:04:22,011 --> 00:04:23,331
Like in Chinese.
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00:04:24,367 --> 00:04:28,438
And it was a completely crazy time.
55
00:04:28,598 --> 00:04:30,884
Estonian Papers in Phonetics.
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00:04:31,681 --> 00:04:38,127
The whole yearbook dedicated
to this kind of theories.
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00:04:38,287 --> 00:04:42,647
"Uncompromising" is the word
that applies to Mati Hint.
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00:04:43,712 --> 00:04:47,204
Because if he was convinced
in something,
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00:04:47,367 --> 00:04:50,054
then he was convinced dead seriously.
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00:04:50,687 --> 00:04:55,735
And one of these things
was our system of durations,
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00:04:55,895 --> 00:05:02,619
so when in the 70's, there
an attempt to introduce 4th duration,
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00:05:02,779 --> 00:05:05,324
and it was even discussed
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00:05:05,484 --> 00:05:09,898
whether, if something grows to become
a tree (kasvab puuks),
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00:05:10,059 --> 00:05:18,047
is any different from simple flatulence
(puuks).
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00:05:18,207 --> 00:05:19,606
It goes like this.
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00:05:19,807 --> 00:05:24,974
Let's say that we have
long cores of syllables.
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00:05:25,702 --> 00:05:29,069
"Kooli" and "kooli".
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00:05:30,247 --> 00:05:35,924
Just like the two different o-s
are phonemes.
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00:05:36,084 --> 00:05:43,778
Similarly, two different diphthong
durations are also phonemes.
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00:05:44,684 --> 00:05:47,255
It is, in fact, very simple.
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00:05:48,287 --> 00:05:53,127
Jakob Hurt has it in a completely
contemporary form and examples.
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00:05:53,578 --> 00:05:58,436
What Mati Hint has promoted for decades,
is a syllable duration.
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00:05:59,073 --> 00:06:06,496
Meaning that when we are talking about
long or extra long syllables,
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00:06:06,656 --> 00:06:10,163
then the syllable carries the duration,
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00:06:10,323 --> 00:06:16,535
so we can also talk about light
or strong stress,
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00:06:16,695 --> 00:06:20,807
but the stress is carried by syllable.
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00:06:22,139 --> 00:06:27,929
Yet it was clear for Elmar Muuk as early
as in 1938, how it should be done.
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00:06:28,609 --> 00:06:34,009
But spitefully, we don't do
as Elmar Muuk did.
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00:06:34,169 --> 00:06:38,260
We know better than Elmar Muuk.
But we are not! At all!
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00:06:39,198 --> 00:06:44,129
It adds up to nothing.
In the end, it's like...
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00:06:48,031 --> 00:06:52,467
The Language Act of the year,
the big Dictionary of Standard Estonian,
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00:06:52,647 --> 00:06:58,539
marks the durations of syllables
using its own system.
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00:06:59,336 --> 00:07:06,198
And in the end, recommends to use it all
as per Tiiu Erelt's standardization
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00:07:07,003 --> 00:07:09,863
that has nothing to do with this matter.
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00:07:10,023 --> 00:07:13,552
Absolutely nothing!
It's beside the point.
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00:07:13,712 --> 00:07:15,712
As if...
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00:07:19,302 --> 00:07:22,592
As if, growing potatoes,
you would study.
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00:07:22,752 --> 00:07:26,100
Moon rays' impact to the growth
of telephone poles.
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00:07:26,260 --> 00:07:28,469
They have no connection!
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00:07:32,306 --> 00:07:39,775
Mati's theory was certainly new
at the time and developed phonology
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00:07:39,935 --> 00:07:41,966
and it helped a lot,
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00:07:42,127 --> 00:07:46,457
but it was not a theory that would
overturn all others,
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00:07:46,607 --> 00:07:49,121
rather a part of the process.
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00:07:50,367 --> 00:07:58,367
I'd like it if in humanities,
it would be as in building bridges.
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00:08:01,642 --> 00:08:04,244
The engineer who has designed a bridge
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00:08:04,407 --> 00:08:08,599
has to stand under the bridge
during the first stress test.
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00:08:10,106 --> 00:08:12,916
He knows that he has to do it.
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00:08:13,076 --> 00:08:17,870
He doesn't steal materials
from the bridge
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00:08:18,030 --> 00:08:20,237
so that it would crumble upon him.
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00:08:20,397 --> 00:08:24,229
I'd like it if it would be the same way
in humanities.
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00:08:25,605 --> 00:08:30,319
You have to pass certain checks
against some criteria.
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00:08:30,479 --> 00:08:33,580
Is it possible? It's all there.
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00:08:33,740 --> 00:08:38,353
But it's so much more convenient
to sit in a comfort zone
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00:08:39,318 --> 00:08:43,817
and apply for grants with your friends.
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00:08:45,767 --> 00:08:50,944
In 1976, Mati Hint published
a programmatic article,
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00:08:51,104 --> 00:08:53,104
"Language as a Giant System".
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00:08:53,679 --> 00:08:58,735
There he summarizes his achievements
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00:08:58,895 --> 00:09:01,828
in his research process
of a very young person.
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00:09:02,487 --> 00:09:08,416
He describes language as a giant
and complicated system.
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00:09:08,576 --> 00:09:14,652
How it is a great achievement of mankind
to create such a system.
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00:09:14,812 --> 00:09:20,047
He has developed the idea of a giant
system in his later works, too.
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00:09:20,207 --> 00:09:27,054
Thanks to Uno Rätsep, Ülo Kaasik
and Ivar Kull,
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00:09:27,214 --> 00:09:29,532
an idea appeared,
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00:09:31,415 --> 00:09:34,462
as it was fashionable
in the Western world,
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00:09:34,622 --> 00:09:37,287
to merge mathematics and linguistics.
116
00:09:37,447 --> 00:09:41,000
I went with this wave.
117
00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:45,030
As I quickly learnt German,
118
00:09:47,704 --> 00:09:53,030
I read a book that profoundly
changed my world view,
119
00:09:53,190 --> 00:09:56,314
Saussure in German translation
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00:09:56,967 --> 00:10:01,129
that should have been destroyed.
121
00:10:01,707 --> 00:10:05,647
For according to Soviet ideology,
122
00:10:05,807 --> 00:10:09,535
linguistic structuralism was
a bourgeois pseudo science.
123
00:10:10,447 --> 00:10:13,574
But the German translation of Saussure
124
00:10:13,734 --> 00:10:18,230
turned out to be in the famous
Seminarka library.
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00:10:18,950 --> 00:10:23,865
I made a perfectly good summary of it.
126
00:10:24,025 --> 00:10:26,375
I could use it today.
127
00:10:26,915 --> 00:10:31,207
And this changed
my world view profoundly.
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00:10:34,411 --> 00:10:38,128
So he showed how language is
in constant change
129
00:10:38,288 --> 00:10:43,497
and it also means that language
is naturally redundant
130
00:10:43,657 --> 00:10:51,290
and standardised written language
also has variants.
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00:10:52,243 --> 00:10:55,310
That was not acceptable for many
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00:10:55,487 --> 00:11:02,510
as they found that if you learn
the rules of the written language,
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00:11:02,687 --> 00:11:08,354
and know all the exceptions by heart,
than that's it.
134
00:11:08,515 --> 00:11:14,559
Some even thought
that not everyone is capable
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00:11:14,719 --> 00:11:18,150
of knowing and speak
correct Estonian language,
136
00:11:18,310 --> 00:11:21,767
because Estonians
can't speak Estonian anyway.
137
00:11:22,287 --> 00:11:27,345
Most of my papers are
about Estonian sounds system,
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00:11:27,505 --> 00:11:31,103
prosody and morphophonology.
139
00:11:32,798 --> 00:11:36,955
When talking to Finnish professors,
140
00:11:37,115 --> 00:11:40,080
we understand each other instantly.
141
00:11:40,240 --> 00:11:42,240
But not in Estonia.
142
00:11:42,400 --> 00:11:47,548
Just as if I were a deviant.
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00:11:49,614 --> 00:11:52,718
If that's my truth, if that is
how I understand things,
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00:11:52,878 --> 00:11:59,539
I can't lie just to please some people.
145
00:12:00,647 --> 00:12:02,916
The grammar of Estonian language
by Ahrens,
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00:12:03,076 --> 00:12:06,237
is the foundation
of our becoming a cultural nation,
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00:12:06,397 --> 00:12:12,682
of our becoming Estonians
and a literate nation.
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00:12:20,068 --> 00:12:24,527
Rauna homestead Saaremaa.
149
00:12:32,033 --> 00:12:34,829
As they say, he was rigorous but fair.
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00:12:36,087 --> 00:12:39,768
And he didn't have an easy character.
151
00:12:39,928 --> 00:12:41,928
After all, he was very...
152
00:12:44,542 --> 00:12:46,126
He was abrupt.
153
00:12:46,286 --> 00:12:50,919
As his students said, he didn't hold
anything for himself,
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00:12:51,079 --> 00:12:53,789
always said what he thought
and saw right.
155
00:12:54,624 --> 00:12:56,144
It was the same at home.
156
00:12:56,944 --> 00:13:00,526
But he was indeed fair.
157
00:13:00,687 --> 00:13:04,160
When he was wrong,
he made it right.
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00:13:16,229 --> 00:13:22,327
Estonian language is our only
life insurance.
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00:13:22,487 --> 00:13:29,178
I think Mati Hint has been compared
to a canary in a mine.
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00:13:29,827 --> 00:13:35,009
Things may not be very wrong,
161
00:13:35,169 --> 00:13:40,007
but when Mati Hint wrote
or spoke about something,
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00:13:40,167 --> 00:13:44,449
then he could represent it
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00:13:44,637 --> 00:13:48,798
with a certain amount of drama
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00:13:48,958 --> 00:13:52,519
that meant that it's not fun and games
165
00:13:52,679 --> 00:13:57,187
but has to be addressed very seriously.
166
00:13:57,367 --> 00:14:02,048
He became a very important, significant
person during the Perestroika.
167
00:14:02,853 --> 00:14:06,378
Because he was a philologist
known to the general public,
168
00:14:06,926 --> 00:14:10,807
he was outspoken,
straightforward, sharp.
169
00:14:10,967 --> 00:14:14,957
When Vikerkaar magazine appeared
during the Perestroika,
170
00:14:15,117 --> 00:14:22,263
they published Mati Hint's article
'Bilingualism Without Pink Glasses'
171
00:14:23,331 --> 00:14:29,327
And I remember that we waited for
the next issue to read a new part of it.
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00:14:29,487 --> 00:14:33,158
It was read in all the Soviet republics
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00:14:33,318 --> 00:14:36,049
and I think that for many people
174
00:14:36,209 --> 00:14:39,957
it became a spark or launching power
175
00:14:40,117 --> 00:14:44,588
of the national movement against
Soviet language policy.
176
00:14:44,748 --> 00:14:46,327
It was a powerful article.
177
00:14:46,487 --> 00:14:48,869
Vikerkaar had appeared for six months
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00:14:49,029 --> 00:14:51,887
and I met Mati Hint
at the office of the magazine
179
00:14:52,047 --> 00:14:55,258
on Toompuiestee street.
180
00:14:55,407 --> 00:14:59,994
An issue bothered him,
namely of bilingualism,
181
00:15:00,154 --> 00:15:08,097
rooting, of course, from the
russification campaign of 1970's.
182
00:15:08,257 --> 00:15:13,254
One of the manifestations against it
was the Letter of 40,
183
00:15:13,414 --> 00:15:15,567
with Mati Hint among the signatories.
184
00:15:40,608 --> 00:15:45,727
Then we really stood shoulder to
shoulder
185
00:15:45,887 --> 00:15:51,850
and the phosphorite movement
was about to begin, then IME,
186
00:15:52,007 --> 00:15:53,327
then the Popular Front.
187
00:15:53,487 --> 00:15:58,326
And for Mati Hint,
the Popular Front became
188
00:15:58,487 --> 00:16:02,134
one of the manifestations
of his political life.
189
00:16:02,294 --> 00:16:08,327
At the Song Festival Grounds
in 11. September of 1988,
190
00:16:08,487 --> 00:16:11,238
Mati hint delivered one
of the most powerful speeches.
191
00:16:11,398 --> 00:16:13,988
Alongside Heinz Valk.
192
00:16:14,149 --> 00:16:20,139
And the proudest moment for Mati Hint
was in 1989,
193
00:16:20,299 --> 00:16:24,796
when he wrote his famous manifesto
'The Baltic Way'
194
00:16:24,956 --> 00:16:29,362
that he also delivered
at the Town Hall Square.
195
00:16:32,887 --> 00:16:36,167
The history of the Baltic states is one
of co-operation of East an West,
196
00:16:36,328 --> 00:16:38,471
but also one of the fight for power.
197
00:16:39,245 --> 00:16:44,051
For many years, this fight has forced
the Baltic states under foreign powers
198
00:16:44,211 --> 00:16:48,206
that had always denied the
right of the indigenous nations
199
00:16:48,367 --> 00:16:50,567
to shape their own history.
200
00:16:50,727 --> 00:16:53,247
But even under the foreign rule,
the Baltic nations,
201
00:16:53,399 --> 00:16:58,038
Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians,
have maintained their national identity.
202
00:16:59,390 --> 00:17:01,157
The Baltic way is the European way,
203
00:17:01,317 --> 00:17:04,213
linguistically, culturally and
nationally diverse Europe
204
00:17:04,373 --> 00:17:08,988
is the only way to maintain and develop
the rich cultural heritage of Europe.
205
00:17:11,167 --> 00:17:16,545
My speech at the Baltic assembly,
at the Town Hall Square...
206
00:17:16,705 --> 00:17:19,013
I made it to the cover of Time.
207
00:17:20,246 --> 00:17:22,223
Heinz, me...
208
00:17:22,951 --> 00:17:25,435
The correspondent of Time understood
209
00:17:25,595 --> 00:17:31,554
that the popular fronts have taken the
course of full political independence.
210
00:17:32,847 --> 00:17:40,807
It was very important for him that
the Baltic states could act in unison.
211
00:17:40,967 --> 00:17:43,319
Who did we have to rely on?
212
00:17:43,479 --> 00:17:45,807
We relied on our neighbours,
213
00:17:48,689 --> 00:17:51,497
Latvians and Lithuanians,
214
00:17:51,649 --> 00:17:55,628
on progressive minded Russians,
215
00:17:56,820 --> 00:18:00,011
naturally, on Denmark and Iceland,
216
00:18:00,171 --> 00:18:04,409
and some other small countries
that backed us, but...
217
00:18:04,967 --> 00:18:09,327
And indeed, he went
to the White House, to USA,
218
00:18:09,487 --> 00:18:14,287
and appeared on CNN or
some other leading channel.
219
00:18:14,447 --> 00:18:19,901
In America, they asked me, how much
independence do we really want.
220
00:18:20,061 --> 00:18:25,198
As if it were a matter
of some percentages.
221
00:18:27,176 --> 00:18:32,148
I answered with the words of Endel
Lippmaa: "As much as possible!"
222
00:18:32,807 --> 00:18:35,884
It was during the Baltic Chain
223
00:18:36,047 --> 00:18:43,815
and due to this, he could comment it
straightforwardly
224
00:18:43,975 --> 00:18:47,776
and tell about it and explain.
225
00:18:48,487 --> 00:18:51,767
But not only.
226
00:18:51,927 --> 00:18:58,016
He has been something like our foreign
minister in many places in the world.
227
00:18:58,176 --> 00:19:04,095
Like Jaan Poska of our time.
228
00:19:04,918 --> 00:19:08,404
In the 80's, during the Perestroika,
229
00:19:08,564 --> 00:19:12,999
Mati Hint was one of the first people
who started to talk about Language Act.
230
00:19:13,159 --> 00:19:16,809
And requirements
for Estonian language skills.
231
00:19:19,030 --> 00:19:20,934
About the need to speak the language,
232
00:19:21,094 --> 00:19:23,327
even if you had lived here for decades
without.
233
00:19:23,487 --> 00:19:26,874
Mati Hint saw language
as a developing entity
234
00:19:27,034 --> 00:19:31,047
and got the opportunity to contribute
to the Language Act.
235
00:19:31,494 --> 00:19:36,767
He worked on it
together with Enn Põldroos.
236
00:19:36,967 --> 00:19:42,285
And he was the one who saw through
the attempt to bend the act
237
00:19:42,445 --> 00:19:48,247
to give Russian language
a special position in Estonia.
238
00:19:48,407 --> 00:19:54,499
The history of making the Language Act
239
00:19:55,445 --> 00:19:58,682
is a very fine example
240
00:19:58,842 --> 00:20:04,807
how counter actions to regaining
independence for Estonia
241
00:20:04,967 --> 00:20:09,949
started immediately
and in every possible aspect.
242
00:20:10,109 --> 00:20:17,327
A secret commission was formed
behind the back of Language Commission.
243
00:20:18,052 --> 00:20:20,501
There were two vice
chairmen of the commission,
244
00:20:20,661 --> 00:20:22,327
Henn Saari and Vladimir Beekman
245
00:20:23,623 --> 00:20:28,611
Endel Veskimäe, the lawyer of the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
246
00:20:28,771 --> 00:20:32,847
and Maia Leosk, the secretary of the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.
247
00:20:33,007 --> 00:20:36,807
They took and co-ordinated
248
00:20:36,967 --> 00:20:41,989
the Moscow minded version of the
Language Act
249
00:20:42,149 --> 00:20:46,152
with none the less than Vladimir
Jarovoy, the director of Dvigatel
250
00:20:46,312 --> 00:20:51,207
and the leader and ideologists
of the Internazis.
251
00:20:51,367 --> 00:20:55,047
There was the Internazi version
of the Language Act
252
00:20:55,207 --> 00:20:59,807
that they deceptively wanted
to set up for voting.
253
00:21:00,287 --> 00:21:05,262
I squeezed myself into that meeting.
Literally squeezed myself in.
254
00:21:05,422 --> 00:21:11,121
I was given a chair so that I could sit
there beside the wall.
255
00:21:17,043 --> 00:21:24,316
Saari just read this text aloud,
and even Ristlaan mumbled.
256
00:21:24,476 --> 00:21:27,849
Even Ristlaan mumbled:
"What in the world is this?"
257
00:21:29,215 --> 00:21:33,541
At one point I decided that I have
to pull my courage together.
258
00:21:33,701 --> 00:21:39,049
I have to stand up and tell that it is
not the text the commission has made.
259
00:21:39,207 --> 00:21:41,579
That it is something
completely different.
260
00:21:42,377 --> 00:21:44,166
Then there was big argument
261
00:21:44,327 --> 00:21:47,967
and Saari said that while
doing these amendments,
262
00:21:48,130 --> 00:21:51,865
he hadn't kept in mind the best interest
of his home republic.
263
00:21:53,264 --> 00:21:56,807
What did he keep in mind?
The general interest!
264
00:21:57,722 --> 00:22:00,869
Mostly to avoid criticism from Moscow.
265
00:22:01,029 --> 00:22:02,807
That was on 13. January.
266
00:22:02,967 --> 00:22:08,691
When the Language Act was voted
on 18. January 1989,
267
00:22:09,287 --> 00:22:12,126
then there was the text
268
00:22:12,286 --> 00:22:18,425
prepared by the rightful
Language Act commission.
269
00:22:18,585 --> 00:22:24,254
There were very few changes
to our latest version.
270
00:22:25,571 --> 00:22:31,536
He was honest, with great conscience
and in fact, very powerful.
271
00:22:31,696 --> 00:22:34,352
He was a powerful character
272
00:22:34,512 --> 00:22:38,167
who was able to deliver
matters of language
273
00:22:38,327 --> 00:22:45,173
as well as of importance for Estonia
to the general public very well.
274
00:22:45,327 --> 00:22:49,265
He wrote much, spoke much,
was excellent speaker,
275
00:22:49,425 --> 00:22:51,234
very influential.
276
00:22:53,136 --> 00:22:56,272
He played very important role in
passing the Language Act.
277
00:22:56,967 --> 00:23:02,927
If you ask what did I
achieve in the parliament,
278
00:23:03,087 --> 00:23:05,527
what's the positive balance...
279
00:23:06,943 --> 00:23:12,083
Making Estonia and Tallinn
a prostitution country,
280
00:23:13,487 --> 00:23:16,832
turning it to Nordic Bangkok,
I made this idea to fail.
281
00:23:16,992 --> 00:23:19,122
I think I was one of the main players,
282
00:23:19,287 --> 00:23:24,374
I dealt with it as my personal matter.
283
00:23:25,727 --> 00:23:29,167
To some extent, it was personal,
284
00:23:29,327 --> 00:23:35,712
meaning that all sorts of companies
targeted my female students.
285
00:23:36,604 --> 00:23:40,183
The ideology itself didn't change.
286
00:23:40,327 --> 00:23:43,128
It's still there.
It has impact today, too.
287
00:23:43,795 --> 00:23:47,193
But at least it is not legal.
288
00:23:49,265 --> 00:23:53,859
But if you sum up three years
of frantic work...
289
00:23:56,775 --> 00:24:00,206
For the three years in the parliament...
290
00:24:01,480 --> 00:24:03,247
A bit too little.
291
00:24:03,407 --> 00:24:05,192
We all could have kept on.
292
00:24:05,367 --> 00:24:09,215
I, too, left in 1995, with Mati.
293
00:24:09,367 --> 00:24:14,815
We didn't take another round
and went back.
294
00:24:14,967 --> 00:24:22,807
It was easier for Mati, as he had been
respected in linguistics all along.
295
00:24:22,967 --> 00:24:26,371
I saw that you can't do anything.
That was the reason.
296
00:24:26,531 --> 00:24:29,128
You can't do anything.
297
00:24:30,408 --> 00:24:37,227
You are lucky if you get some allies
when you want to push something back.
298
00:24:38,135 --> 00:24:43,590
When you want to pull something through,
then it's even more difficult.
299
00:24:46,568 --> 00:24:53,837
Meaning of Estonian is like meaning of
life, you can't live without searching.
300
00:24:55,721 --> 00:25:00,001
This is my so-called exit file.
301
00:25:01,107 --> 00:25:03,567
In fact, exitlessness file.
302
00:25:04,075 --> 00:25:07,692
There are tens of reports
303
00:25:08,762 --> 00:25:16,487
about me advocating leaving the Soviet
Union, restoring the bourgeois republic.
304
00:25:17,440 --> 00:25:22,958
Representing nationalist views
and whatnot.
305
00:25:24,421 --> 00:25:30,031
A special department has followed
my personal intimate relationships.
306
00:25:30,613 --> 00:25:34,479
These are also all here.
307
00:25:36,047 --> 00:25:41,660
But I have nothing to be ashamed of,
I did marry this girl.
308
00:25:41,820 --> 00:25:44,433
We have been married for over 60 years.
309
00:25:45,293 --> 00:25:48,084
But they have followed even that.
310
00:25:48,247 --> 00:25:54,782
Just as it's done today.
And I find it completely unacceptable.
311
00:25:55,487 --> 00:25:58,942
He was let out briefly
in the end of the 60's,
312
00:25:59,103 --> 00:26:01,883
to a phonetics conference in Prague.
313
00:26:02,043 --> 00:26:06,016
There he established his first contacts
with western linguists.
314
00:26:06,176 --> 00:26:09,327
Later on, he was not let to go anywhere,
but the contacts remained.
315
00:26:09,487 --> 00:26:13,269
Here's the list of my correspondents.
316
00:26:14,831 --> 00:26:16,463
KGB knew them.
317
00:26:17,137 --> 00:26:19,348
Although I myself didn't get out.
318
00:26:20,007 --> 00:26:23,912
But this is... 1972.
319
00:26:24,072 --> 00:26:26,890
They already had the list
of my foreign correspondents.
320
00:26:27,050 --> 00:26:29,959
With whom I exchanged letters, books.
321
00:26:31,158 --> 00:26:35,807
There are outstanding linguists
of the world.
322
00:26:36,385 --> 00:26:40,270
In 1988, Mati finally managed
to go abroad,
323
00:26:40,430 --> 00:26:44,028
because he had not hidden
his attitude towards Soviet Union
324
00:26:44,188 --> 00:26:46,403
and he was in the non-exit list.
325
00:26:47,500 --> 00:26:54,819
He arrived a little late, because his
exit permit was delayed,
326
00:26:54,979 --> 00:27:01,870
and people applauded when Mati Hint
finally got to go abroad.
327
00:27:02,030 --> 00:27:04,619
But his work was already
internationally known.
328
00:27:05,367 --> 00:27:10,269
As an intellectual, he used softer
methods for being a dissident,
329
00:27:10,429 --> 00:27:14,469
so that it would be possible
to actually do something.
330
00:27:14,629 --> 00:27:17,020
He wasn't the type who would
smash head on to the wall
331
00:27:17,167 --> 00:27:21,487
and be imprisoned afterwards
to be unbreakable there.
332
00:27:21,647 --> 00:27:26,327
He would rather keep
undermining quietly.
333
00:27:26,487 --> 00:27:28,223
After the deliberation,
334
00:27:28,367 --> 00:27:33,151
he is constantly criticising the
government and its mistakes.
335
00:27:33,877 --> 00:27:37,449
He was not disappointed
in Estonian Republic,
336
00:27:37,609 --> 00:27:44,127
but kept pointing out the problems.
337
00:27:44,287 --> 00:27:49,710
It was unthinkable for Mati Hint
to join the communist party.
338
00:27:49,870 --> 00:27:53,807
He is a classic tragic hero.
339
00:27:53,967 --> 00:27:59,309
His family had undergone
horrible injustice
340
00:27:59,469 --> 00:28:06,948
and restoring of justice
was the mission of Mati Hint.
341
00:28:07,108 --> 00:28:12,208
It rose from the suffering of his
family, close people,
342
00:28:12,407 --> 00:28:18,367
and, of course, the whole Estonian
society.
343
00:28:19,140 --> 00:28:22,679
At first, I was afraid to read my file
344
00:28:22,839 --> 00:28:27,668
I was afraid to meet people there,
people I know.
345
00:28:27,828 --> 00:28:30,177
What would I do with them then?
346
00:28:30,338 --> 00:28:33,818
But luckily, there was almost none.
347
00:28:33,978 --> 00:28:39,588
And those who I think I'm recognising by
their writing,
348
00:28:39,748 --> 00:28:46,418
their reports to the agency
do not really say anything.
349
00:28:47,488 --> 00:28:50,999
'He is wearing clean clothes,
is shaving...'
350
00:28:52,159 --> 00:28:54,431
'Probably not beating his wife.'
351
00:28:54,591 --> 00:28:58,830
'Behaving correctly,
saying hello in the staircase.'
352
00:28:58,990 --> 00:29:01,727
Things like that.
353
00:29:04,398 --> 00:29:07,740
Ülpre homestead Rõngu.
354
00:29:07,900 --> 00:29:12,833
Mati's father was arrested
355
00:29:13,007 --> 00:29:17,007
in his home, in Ülpre,
356
00:29:17,701 --> 00:29:23,589
and based on false, made up accusations
357
00:29:23,749 --> 00:29:29,287
sentenced to deportation to Siberia
after long trial.
358
00:29:29,642 --> 00:29:36,479
His wife, along with two
underage children,
359
00:29:36,639 --> 00:29:43,879
was evicted from their home in late
autumn with just the clothes they had.
360
00:29:45,407 --> 00:29:50,860
It was always combined with
confiscation of all property.
361
00:29:52,487 --> 00:29:55,627
But the final verdict did not state it.
362
00:29:55,787 --> 00:30:03,368
So Ülpre homestead seemingly
still belonged to Mati's father.
363
00:30:04,275 --> 00:30:10,138
Based on this, Mati's father
argued in court.
364
00:30:12,230 --> 00:30:14,405
Against Soviet powers.
365
00:30:14,567 --> 00:30:19,598
In order to get back his homestead
that has not been confiscated from him.
366
00:30:20,965 --> 00:30:25,070
Then the same repeated
after the deliberation.
367
00:30:26,102 --> 00:30:31,079
Because the homestead had went
from a sovkhoz to kolkhoz
368
00:30:31,239 --> 00:30:33,961
as a property without owner.
369
00:30:34,665 --> 00:30:38,680
So it was sold to bona fide purchaser.
370
00:30:40,969 --> 00:30:46,021
When it became possible to apply
for returning the property,
371
00:30:47,546 --> 00:30:54,327
then Mati reclaimed hos father's home.
372
00:30:55,759 --> 00:30:58,571
And he did not get it back.
373
00:30:59,668 --> 00:31:03,808
But my father's file...
That was horrible reading.
374
00:31:04,411 --> 00:31:09,504
How acquaintances, neighbours
have lied about my father,
375
00:31:10,918 --> 00:31:13,051
testified things that did not happen.
376
00:31:14,588 --> 00:31:20,764
And I think it's very widespread
in Estonian society.
377
00:31:22,014 --> 00:31:25,913
The split in the society
is so deeply rooted.
378
00:31:27,641 --> 00:31:33,703
That's what sometimes causes
the feeling of despair.
379
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:52,287
Johannes and Emilie Retsnik.
380
00:31:52,447 --> 00:31:58,328
Emilie was my father's
grandmother's sister.
381
00:32:00,330 --> 00:32:04,675
Johannes had a cottager's plot.
382
00:32:04,835 --> 00:32:07,714
He was not a rich man.
383
00:32:08,544 --> 00:32:12,721
He married Emilie,
knowing that she will die shortly.
384
00:32:12,881 --> 00:32:15,792
Not because of that,
but knowing that it will happen.
385
00:32:15,952 --> 00:32:17,952
And indeed, Emilie died
in two week's time.
386
00:32:18,112 --> 00:32:20,178
She had lung tuberculosis.
387
00:32:21,247 --> 00:32:28,555
But nevertheless, Johannes took
Emilie's sister's children,
388
00:32:30,932 --> 00:32:34,462
her sister's daughter, my grandmother,
389
00:32:34,622 --> 00:32:36,956
and her children, my father and aunt,
390
00:32:37,116 --> 00:32:40,246
to his place after they were
evicted from their home.
391
00:32:40,958 --> 00:32:43,966
It was supposed to be for a moment,
but it lasted 32 years.
392
00:32:44,404 --> 00:32:48,506
So for me, my grandparents' home
is at Johannes' house,
393
00:32:48,666 --> 00:32:51,252
or Juku's, we always called him Juku.
394
00:32:52,118 --> 00:32:56,332
His home is my grandparents' home,
I know no other place.
395
00:32:57,657 --> 00:33:00,049
I have spent nine summers
of my childhood there,
396
00:33:00,209 --> 00:33:02,209
before they moved to Tartu.
397
00:33:03,279 --> 00:33:05,607
There were three rooms in that house.
398
00:33:06,234 --> 00:33:09,427
In the big beautiful house it is now.
399
00:33:09,587 --> 00:33:13,494
Three rooms, and it was the same way
after the war when they came here.
400
00:33:13,654 --> 00:33:18,073
My father as a little child, his sister
a couple of years older, and their mom.
401
00:33:18,637 --> 00:33:25,537
From their home, they took with them a
farm hand who had nowhere to go,
402
00:33:25,697 --> 00:33:28,795
and a female servant, also
without options to go somewhere.
403
00:33:28,955 --> 00:33:34,767
Eventually, Juku returned
from Vasalemma prison,
404
00:33:34,927 --> 00:33:38,216
so there were five adults
and two children living in that house.
405
00:33:38,376 --> 00:33:41,058
And one room was not heated
during the winter.
406
00:33:41,218 --> 00:33:43,218
That's how they lived here.
407
00:33:45,277 --> 00:33:46,925
It was tense.
408
00:33:47,951 --> 00:33:50,807
Father always told
409
00:33:50,967 --> 00:33:54,971
how someone just reading a book
was scorned a bit.
410
00:33:57,847 --> 00:34:00,180
Like 'Why don't you do
something useful?'
411
00:34:00,340 --> 00:34:04,549
But mom bought him books from Tartu
when she managed to save some money.
412
00:34:04,709 --> 00:34:09,159
And he read, in very poor light.
That ruined his eyes, I suppose.
413
00:34:10,967 --> 00:34:16,208
Mati started to long for Tartu
very much,
414
00:34:17,471 --> 00:34:20,631
and Ülpre,
when he was already of age,
415
00:34:20,807 --> 00:34:23,887
when we had already
bought the house in Saaremaa.
416
00:34:25,039 --> 00:34:28,327
We have spent our summers there
for 40 years by now.
417
00:34:29,408 --> 00:34:33,327
And near the end of his life,
he began to...
418
00:34:35,086 --> 00:34:37,588
He was just sorry
until the end of his days
419
00:34:38,736 --> 00:34:46,608
for what he had missed here in his
childhood home and his family's home.
420
00:34:56,038 --> 00:35:02,199
Southern Estonia may be mentally
the strongest Estonian speaking area.
421
00:35:11,315 --> 00:35:18,533
Pauline Klavina, the musical leader
of one Livonian ensemble,
422
00:35:18,687 --> 00:35:21,847
is writing that she's spending
some time in the summer
423
00:35:22,003 --> 00:35:25,164
in Vaide, at her birthplace.
424
00:35:37,967 --> 00:35:41,639
That's one thing
that is rare in this world.
425
00:35:41,799 --> 00:35:44,807
A correspondence in Livonian like this.
426
00:35:44,967 --> 00:35:48,749
When the international Association
of Friends of Livonia was founded,
427
00:35:48,909 --> 00:35:55,265
then Mati Hint took part actively there
428
00:35:55,425 --> 00:36:02,327
and joined the associations'
summer trips to Livonia.
429
00:36:03,316 --> 00:36:05,516
The first time was in 1959.
430
00:36:05,687 --> 00:36:13,658
Every student of Finno-Ugric languages
had to specialise on a small language.
431
00:36:14,192 --> 00:36:20,582
First, I thought that the language
can't be related to Estonian.
432
00:36:21,207 --> 00:36:22,887
I can understand nothing.
433
00:36:23,047 --> 00:36:28,396
It's maybe because Vääri speaks Latvian
that I didn't at the time.
434
00:36:29,671 --> 00:36:34,608
But in fact, it's very closely related,
once you get the ties.
435
00:36:35,566 --> 00:36:41,807
I started to understand it in two weeks
and started to write in it, too.
436
00:36:41,967 --> 00:36:46,668
In 1960's, Livonian was spoken
quite widely in Livonian villages.
437
00:36:46,828 --> 00:36:50,793
And up to 1990's, even.
438
00:36:50,953 --> 00:36:56,905
And on the first trips some 20 years ago
439
00:36:57,065 --> 00:37:01,247
that we did with Mati, we always found
some last native speakers.
440
00:37:14,727 --> 00:37:17,246
I can say it in Estonian now
441
00:37:20,643 --> 00:37:24,240
that the language of the shore
sounds beautiful.
442
00:37:25,083 --> 00:37:32,296
And when I'm thinking that in Canada,
the last real native Livonian speaker
443
00:37:33,565 --> 00:37:36,549
who died about six years now,
444
00:37:38,433 --> 00:37:43,670
when he was interviewed
and asked to speak Livonian,
445
00:37:43,847 --> 00:37:49,839
it was so pure that he had to speak it
by himself, at least in his mind.
446
00:37:49,999 --> 00:37:53,039
Otherwise, it wouldn't have been
preserved, he had no one.
447
00:37:53,570 --> 00:37:59,469
And I want to keep my Livonian,
as long as I live,
448
00:38:00,251 --> 00:38:08,214
in shape, so sometimes during car rides,
I tell to my wife what I see.
449
00:38:09,767 --> 00:38:17,400
It's mostly about the road being winding
as if drawn by a foxes' tail.
450
00:38:23,160 --> 00:38:24,607
End of story.
451
00:38:24,767 --> 00:38:31,407
I remember particularly
well his last trip,
452
00:38:31,567 --> 00:38:33,968
it was in 2017.
453
00:38:34,442 --> 00:38:39,316
Then he said that he is visiting
the Livonians for 20th time
454
00:38:39,476 --> 00:38:41,707
and this will be the last trip.
455
00:38:41,867 --> 00:38:45,138
But in the bus and everywhere,
456
00:38:45,298 --> 00:38:49,959
he told very much about his
memories related to Livonians.
457
00:38:50,119 --> 00:38:54,998
He had photo albums with him that he
showed,
458
00:38:55,158 --> 00:39:00,416
and I think that one
very important role of his
459
00:39:00,576 --> 00:39:05,824
is documenting Livonian
language and culture
460
00:39:05,984 --> 00:39:08,502
in 1960's and 70's.
461
00:39:09,327 --> 00:39:11,682
They took me into their hearts, too.
462
00:39:12,558 --> 00:39:17,730
Some elderly people took me
into their heart so much
463
00:39:17,890 --> 00:39:24,167
that they wanted me to inherit their
house or homestead.
464
00:39:24,327 --> 00:39:31,884
I said that I don't need any trouble
with your family and relatives.
465
00:39:32,059 --> 00:39:33,880
For that to rise.
466
00:39:34,994 --> 00:39:37,007
Some gave me shirts, and so on,
467
00:39:37,167 --> 00:39:40,675
that were very dear to
me until they wore out.
468
00:39:41,527 --> 00:39:45,584
Getting attention
was very important for them.
469
00:39:45,727 --> 00:39:48,670
But when the end was close,
470
00:39:48,847 --> 00:39:51,492
I remember a situation
471
00:39:52,517 --> 00:39:59,651
when we were at the Mazirbe school
courtyard with another tour bus,
472
00:40:00,572 --> 00:40:06,223
then some Latvian boys said: 'So you
came to see your dead relatives!'
473
00:40:11,207 --> 00:40:12,567
Children!
474
00:40:12,727 --> 00:40:17,014
He saw demise of a nation
in front of his eyes.
475
00:40:17,174 --> 00:40:19,807
It naturally had its impact on him.
476
00:40:19,967 --> 00:40:25,036
For me, Livonian language
was mostly just love.
477
00:40:27,720 --> 00:40:29,804
Southern Estonia is different.
478
00:40:29,964 --> 00:40:31,726
As I'm Southern Estonian,
479
00:40:31,887 --> 00:40:37,573
it's very important for me
what's going on in South Estonia.
480
00:40:37,733 --> 00:40:39,733
I'm deeply disturbed by this.
481
00:40:42,190 --> 00:40:46,094
The fact that Southern Estonian language
is considered a dialect today,
482
00:40:46,254 --> 00:40:49,460
is an insult for me.
483
00:40:51,887 --> 00:40:54,787
Mati was especially concerned about
Tartu language.
484
00:40:54,947 --> 00:40:57,102
And the fate of written Tartu language.
485
00:40:57,262 --> 00:41:02,813
Through centuries, we had two written
languages, of Tallinn and Tartu.
486
00:41:03,236 --> 00:41:07,535
Southern Estonian children,
around the birthplace of Mati Hint,
487
00:41:07,695 --> 00:41:11,767
have learnt to read and write in Tartu
language.
488
00:41:11,927 --> 00:41:15,815
As the Soviet rule was crackling,
489
00:41:15,975 --> 00:41:20,082
and an independence started to loom,
490
00:41:20,242 --> 00:41:24,482
everyone awoke,
including Southern Estonians.
491
00:41:25,247 --> 00:41:31,675
And their sole objective was that
their language would not disappear.
492
00:41:32,674 --> 00:41:37,957
Mati Hint was one to strengthen
their faith in that not happening.
493
00:41:38,118 --> 00:41:42,034
And his word
was very valuable support
494
00:41:42,194 --> 00:41:49,514
to his colleagues as well as,
even more, to Southern Estonians.
495
00:41:50,468 --> 00:41:53,112
My sense for danger
for Estonian language
496
00:41:53,272 --> 00:42:00,073
is surely greater
because I've seen how it can end.
497
00:42:03,114 --> 00:42:06,864
There's no point in coming
to the sincerity to yawn.
498
00:42:15,007 --> 00:42:20,050
When he taught us,
it was deep Soviet time.
499
00:42:20,741 --> 00:42:27,606
And from the very beginning,
he showed us clearly,
500
00:42:27,767 --> 00:42:33,247
straightforwardly, his utter despise
towards the Soviet regime,
501
00:42:33,407 --> 00:42:39,007
the Party and everything
that surrounded us.
502
00:42:39,167 --> 00:42:43,668
For us, Hint was something like Panso
for theatre students.
503
00:42:44,287 --> 00:42:49,208
In dialect practise trips,
he promoted his ideas.
504
00:42:49,368 --> 00:42:51,368
His pro-Estonian ideas.
505
00:42:51,528 --> 00:42:58,758
The trips were often to Southern Estonia
to his childhood parts
506
00:42:58,927 --> 00:43:01,817
and he used to tell how it was there
before the war
507
00:43:01,977 --> 00:43:08,327
and what came later during the
deportations and after the war.
508
00:43:08,487 --> 00:43:12,629
I also remember a moment
after our practise trip
509
00:43:12,789 --> 00:43:15,918
and finalised our dialect slips
510
00:43:16,078 --> 00:43:20,519
and some girls who had studied longer
than us forgot phonetic transcription.
511
00:43:21,153 --> 00:43:24,928
Evidently they had turned in
very faulty slips.
512
00:43:25,913 --> 00:43:28,405
Hint started to analyse the slips.
513
00:43:30,306 --> 00:43:35,602
And one of the girls did something
514
00:43:36,792 --> 00:43:40,918
that caused a piece of chalk
shattering against a table.
515
00:43:41,087 --> 00:43:47,834
I recall that it was a sunny winter day,
sun shone in through auditorium window
516
00:43:47,994 --> 00:43:53,959
and chalk dust floated in a dead silent
auditorium, dissolving slowly.
517
00:43:54,669 --> 00:44:00,409
Then we experienced the thunder,
the Hint thunder.
518
00:44:01,643 --> 00:44:04,815
It was memorable
and in a way, very powerful.
519
00:44:05,854 --> 00:44:09,189
Very warm, very understanding.
520
00:44:10,126 --> 00:44:12,626
Sometimes very unpredictable.
521
00:44:14,487 --> 00:44:19,571
His moods could vary
quite often and quickly.
522
00:44:21,927 --> 00:44:26,887
Extremely considerate
towards other people.
523
00:44:27,524 --> 00:44:33,327
It was in fact quite clear that
without good command of Estonian
524
00:44:33,487 --> 00:44:38,327
you will not graduate
from this university.
525
00:44:39,043 --> 00:44:45,200
And that was why students
were afraid of Hint.
526
00:44:46,087 --> 00:44:51,819
At the same time, in an examination,
when he saw that you had studied,
527
00:44:51,979 --> 00:44:56,423
understood things,
then he was extremely supportive.
528
00:44:58,846 --> 00:45:03,127
In that sense, he always
respected a student.
529
00:45:03,687 --> 00:45:08,223
There are famous stories
about his entrances
530
00:45:08,383 --> 00:45:12,727
and tests of general knowledge
531
00:45:12,887 --> 00:45:16,807
where meaningful
answers were seldom.
532
00:45:16,967 --> 00:45:21,807
How many Estonians are there?
How many Russians? Estonian speakers?
533
00:45:21,967 --> 00:45:23,967
This sort of things.
534
00:45:24,127 --> 00:45:29,482
The point of these questions was to show
that we do not grasp the proportions
535
00:45:29,642 --> 00:45:36,207
and do not, for instance, the ratio of
Estonian speakers to Russian speakers.
536
00:45:36,367 --> 00:45:39,972
His first class was
The Basics of Linguistics
537
00:45:40,132 --> 00:45:45,255
and this is when I understood how
interesting subject linguistics is.
538
00:45:45,415 --> 00:45:50,128
Up to that point, I had thought
that it was nothing but commas,
539
00:45:50,288 --> 00:45:53,807
subjects, objects, predicates
and quotation marks.
540
00:45:53,967 --> 00:45:56,258
That was an eye opening experience
541
00:45:56,418 --> 00:46:00,247
and I became his fan almost immediately.
542
00:46:00,942 --> 00:46:05,966
It was an interesting class
543
00:46:06,127 --> 00:46:09,888
in the sense that in the course of that,
544
00:46:10,048 --> 00:46:18,048
a textbook for high school formed
and was published in 1983.
545
00:46:18,967 --> 00:46:24,491
It caused a serious storm
in Estonian school circles
546
00:46:24,651 --> 00:46:32,651
because it was the first textbook that
tried to approach language semiotically.
547
00:46:32,927 --> 00:46:38,047
It was also the first textbook
containing wrong forms
548
00:46:38,207 --> 00:46:40,767
and explaining why they were wrong.
549
00:46:40,927 --> 00:46:43,127
The classes he taught
550
00:46:43,287 --> 00:46:49,087
and his approach to
linguistics was superb.
551
00:46:49,247 --> 00:46:53,382
I suppose he left Tartu
for personal reasons,
552
00:46:53,527 --> 00:46:57,019
because he did his PhD thesis in the
Institute of Language and Literature.
553
00:46:57,179 --> 00:46:58,737
He worked there.
554
00:46:58,897 --> 00:47:03,800
But he didn't like the atmosphere there,
Endel Sõgel in particular,
555
00:47:03,960 --> 00:47:08,967
and he found more liberal atmosphere
in Pedagogical Institute.
556
00:47:09,526 --> 00:47:11,502
And he stayed there.
557
00:47:11,662 --> 00:47:17,287
It's probably thanks to him, too,
that it has become a serious university.
558
00:47:17,447 --> 00:47:20,342
So it's not coincidence or miracle
559
00:47:20,502 --> 00:47:25,327
that Tallinn University chose Mati Hint
its first honorary member.
560
00:47:25,487 --> 00:47:27,383
But when I started to work there,
561
00:47:27,543 --> 00:47:32,607
Mati invited me to apply
and I took his place there in 2000.
562
00:47:32,768 --> 00:47:36,057
I have revisited my examination
transcripts afterwards
563
00:47:36,207 --> 00:47:39,800
and noticed that see,
that student has become a journalist,
564
00:47:39,961 --> 00:47:46,087
that one is a notable player in culture
or a writer and so on,
565
00:47:46,247 --> 00:47:51,335
so there are many people who have given
or giving much to Estonian culture.
566
00:47:51,527 --> 00:47:53,993
The generation now in their forties
567
00:47:54,153 --> 00:47:59,308
that carries on everything
that Mati spoke for back then.
568
00:48:02,675 --> 00:48:10,643
When man stays himself,
he gets much.
569
00:48:32,776 --> 00:48:39,549
There was an accident
worse than one can imagine.
570
00:48:39,709 --> 00:48:42,017
When you have to bury your child.
571
00:48:44,126 --> 00:48:47,695
And it so happened that our son,
572
00:48:47,855 --> 00:48:52,327
on 21. November 2001,
573
00:48:53,173 --> 00:49:00,823
having built with his own hands
and help from his wife Astrid
574
00:49:00,983 --> 00:49:06,887
an apartment on the top floor
of a house in Kadriorg,
575
00:49:07,047 --> 00:49:10,807
in the attic as we called it,
576
00:49:10,967 --> 00:49:16,767
where another young man
had built an apartment too,
577
00:49:16,927 --> 00:49:22,494
was clearing roof tiles.
578
00:49:22,654 --> 00:49:28,009
Actually, the neighbour did,
as they were on his side
579
00:49:28,167 --> 00:49:31,718
and they were lying there.
Madis took the tiles from him
580
00:49:33,722 --> 00:49:36,753
under the hatch there.
581
00:49:37,487 --> 00:49:38,992
It was cold as always.
582
00:49:39,152 --> 00:49:46,399
Madis was wearing only his shirt,
anxiously waiting for next handful.
583
00:49:47,746 --> 00:49:51,722
And he went out to the roof, too.
584
00:49:52,756 --> 00:49:54,967
But it's a very steep roof.
585
00:49:55,127 --> 00:50:02,243
They had been to the roof before
and no one knows why he fell.
586
00:50:02,403 --> 00:50:05,768
Although it's not difficult
to slip there.
587
00:50:07,490 --> 00:50:12,076
So that sad anniversary is approaching,
20 years.
588
00:50:18,747 --> 00:50:25,219
So journalists of his age probably
remember him as a journalist.
589
00:50:28,101 --> 00:50:34,509
He would have been 51 in autumn,
recently, on 27. October.
590
00:50:38,798 --> 00:50:41,949
When our son Madis was killed,
591
00:50:42,109 --> 00:50:45,976
after being a war correspondent
592
00:50:46,136 --> 00:50:51,646
in hot spots all over the world,
593
00:50:51,807 --> 00:50:54,247
without anything happening to him,
except for...
594
00:50:54,394 --> 00:50:58,118
We have a photo,
595
00:51:00,259 --> 00:51:03,949
where a wall is full of bullet holes
around him.
596
00:51:04,109 --> 00:51:09,166
He stood at the wall
and bullet holes were around him.
597
00:51:09,326 --> 00:51:13,364
In Chechnya, where he was
a war correspondent, too,
598
00:51:14,411 --> 00:51:17,606
there was order in effect.
599
00:51:17,767 --> 00:51:24,309
Wherever he slept, a gunman
slept at the door of his room.
600
00:51:25,598 --> 00:51:29,118
Nothing happened there, but as soon
as he came home, he was killed.
601
00:51:30,485 --> 00:51:34,846
As Astrid couldn't think of any
other place where he could be buried
602
00:51:35,007 --> 00:51:41,599
but in Saaremaa, our tie to Saaremaa
is now inevitable.
603
00:51:42,825 --> 00:51:45,092
Although we are going to Rõngu cemetery.
604
00:52:28,720 --> 00:52:30,852
Pick up the candles.
605
00:52:43,616 --> 00:52:48,530
Place one here, one for grandpa.
606
00:52:52,319 --> 00:52:55,735
And one for the second child.
607
00:52:57,174 --> 00:53:00,074
If we can light them,
then there's one for every child.
608
00:54:00,367 --> 00:54:05,540
Among philologists, he was one of the
best known, if not the best known.
609
00:54:05,700 --> 00:54:09,487
A philologist who the society knew,
people from other fields.
610
00:54:10,447 --> 00:54:15,730
He knew how to promote language
to make it more understandable.
611
00:54:15,890 --> 00:54:20,599
But also to fight for righteousness and
justice, that's important for me.
612
00:54:21,247 --> 00:54:25,539
Mati's contribution to Estonian language
is indisputable and vast
613
00:54:25,699 --> 00:54:28,507
as a researcher
as well as a political figure.
614
00:54:28,667 --> 00:54:33,196
And young Estonian Republic truly needed
the work he did
615
00:54:33,356 --> 00:54:36,167
to secure the status of Estonian
language.
616
00:54:36,327 --> 00:54:39,238
I'd like to discuss things with him,
617
00:54:39,398 --> 00:54:43,904
and think of current developments
618
00:54:44,064 --> 00:54:50,287
and hear his statement
"Leave every hope you have".
619
00:54:50,447 --> 00:54:56,797
He has very good, very unconventional
sense of humour.
620
00:54:56,957 --> 00:55:04,533
So to mutter in the dark of the night,
621
00:55:04,693 --> 00:55:08,481
that would be cool,
that's what I'd like.
622
00:55:09,527 --> 00:55:14,019
His call was to teach the teachers,
as he has said.
623
00:55:14,179 --> 00:55:19,269
And there is no one in Estonian culture
to compare to him.
624
00:55:19,429 --> 00:55:22,019
He was truly a phenomenon.
625
00:55:22,956 --> 00:55:28,282
Not only my friend,
but a friend of all of us.
626
00:55:29,572 --> 00:55:34,118
It was very important for him
that Estonian people would do well.
627
00:55:35,487 --> 00:55:38,403
Like many great men of the past,
628
00:55:38,567 --> 00:55:43,746
Mati Hint is a symbol of
not only a linguist,
629
00:55:43,906 --> 00:55:50,130
but a serious Estonian man
630
00:55:50,290 --> 00:55:52,767
who keeps on having an effect.
631
00:55:58,487 --> 00:56:01,087
Students of Mati Hint.
- We are his first class.
632
00:56:02,492 --> 00:56:05,332
Graduated in 1980, right?
- Yeah.
633
00:56:06,152 --> 00:56:12,769
One of the classes he supervised,
the favourite class.
634
00:56:12,930 --> 00:56:16,355
One of these, there was another one
ten years later.
635
00:56:17,990 --> 00:56:20,390
They are accidentally here.
- Completely.
636
00:56:20,550 --> 00:56:23,895
Very accidentally!
- It wasn't agreed at all.
637
00:56:26,487 --> 00:56:29,690
We set out to come and see
where Mati is resting.
638
00:56:30,307 --> 00:56:33,844
And see who we met.
- It's the anniversary of his burial.
639
00:56:35,487 --> 00:56:37,404
We buried the urn exactly one year ago.
640
00:56:37,564 --> 00:56:41,686
Me and Karin can recall
that after the first year,
641
00:56:41,847 --> 00:56:47,807
we were the ones who had
to go and wish Mati a happy birthday.
642
00:56:47,967 --> 00:56:51,883
Because on 28. August,
we were in Tallinn.
643
00:56:52,043 --> 00:56:54,274
We went to Trummi street to greet him.
644
00:56:54,434 --> 00:56:57,127
Mati got very old, 40.
645
00:56:57,287 --> 00:57:00,409
At the Trummi store,
our hearts started to race
646
00:57:00,569 --> 00:57:03,175
and it lasted
until we reached his house.
647
00:57:03,335 --> 00:57:06,677
Later, with our graduation paper,
it was the same.
648
00:57:06,837 --> 00:57:11,363
Every time we went there, our hearts
started to race at the Trummi store.
649
00:57:11,523 --> 00:57:14,607
You were afraid?
- Out of respect.
650
00:57:14,767 --> 00:57:18,706
Afraid, too, because Mati always
said what he thought.
651
00:57:21,207 --> 00:57:24,592
I don't meet my classmates like that.
652
00:57:25,423 --> 00:57:29,226
I don't have this kind of relationship
with my students.
653
00:57:29,386 --> 00:57:31,484
They haven't had this kind
of student life.
654
00:57:31,647 --> 00:57:34,516
Mati was effectively our class teacher,
he knew everything.
655
00:57:34,676 --> 00:57:37,743
Told off when needed,
protected if necessary.
53671
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