Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:26,634 --> 00:00:29,507
[dog barking in the distance]
2
00:00:29,550 --> 00:00:33,076
The family had
to withdraw, you know,
from the living room etc.
3
00:00:33,119 --> 00:00:35,817
because they were going
to have this conversation.
4
00:00:35,861 --> 00:00:38,733
But we would open the door
and we would listen.
5
00:00:38,777 --> 00:00:40,779
[door creaking]
6
00:00:42,346 --> 00:00:45,479
[indistinct chattering]
7
00:00:49,222 --> 00:00:53,096
My father recorded
all that stuff.
8
00:00:56,534 --> 00:00:58,840
WILLEM SASSEN [speaking German]
9
00:01:33,136 --> 00:01:35,573
ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German]
10
00:01:47,889 --> 00:01:51,980
[fly buzzing]
11
00:01:55,549 --> 00:01:56,550
[thuds]
12
00:01:58,030 --> 00:02:00,467
WOMAN [in English]:
My sister and I
13
00:02:00,511 --> 00:02:03,166
detested the figure.
14
00:02:05,603 --> 00:02:09,128
The persona was so weird.
15
00:02:11,043 --> 00:02:12,305
Trouble.
16
00:02:12,349 --> 00:02:15,134
Always darkness.
17
00:02:16,570 --> 00:02:18,703
There was something
about him that...
18
00:02:19,747 --> 00:02:21,749
the child could detect,
19
00:02:21,793 --> 00:02:24,448
something very negative,
the child in me.
20
00:02:25,623 --> 00:02:27,015
MAN [speaking Hebrew]
21
00:02:33,108 --> 00:02:36,503
NARRATOR [in English]:
Nazis have always denied
their role in the Holocaust
22
00:02:36,547 --> 00:02:37,939
ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German]
23
00:02:41,813 --> 00:02:44,468
NARRATOR [in English]:
After the war,
many fled Europe,
24
00:02:44,511 --> 00:02:48,733
including the architect
of the Final Solution,
Adolf Eichmann.
25
00:02:48,776 --> 00:02:51,257
He's practically
the last important Nazi
26
00:02:51,301 --> 00:02:54,129
who arrived in
Argentina after the war.
27
00:02:56,131 --> 00:02:57,959
While hiding in Argentina,
28
00:02:58,003 --> 00:03:00,048
Eichmann records
a series of interviews
29
00:03:00,092 --> 00:03:02,137
with Nazi journalist
Willem Sassen,
30
00:03:02,181 --> 00:03:04,792
admitting his role
in the Holocaust.
31
00:03:04,836 --> 00:03:07,447
Sassen came up
with this crazy idea
32
00:03:07,491 --> 00:03:10,015
that he would interview
the mastermind
of the Holocaust.
33
00:03:10,058 --> 00:03:13,453
This is him boasting
about what he did.
34
00:03:13,497 --> 00:03:15,847
But after
his capture by Israel,
35
00:03:15,890 --> 00:03:17,501
Eichmann
denies everything...
36
00:03:17,544 --> 00:03:20,895
[speaking German]
37
00:03:24,943 --> 00:03:27,032
NARRATOR [in English]: Hoping
the tapes will never be heard
38
00:03:27,075 --> 00:03:29,948
during his trial
in Jerusalem.
39
00:03:29,991 --> 00:03:32,907
[speaking German]
40
00:03:38,522 --> 00:03:40,132
MAN [in English]: The story
of the Eichmann Trial,
41
00:03:40,175 --> 00:03:41,960
60 years later,
42
00:03:42,003 --> 00:03:44,136
still not fully told.
43
00:03:44,179 --> 00:03:46,791
After mysteriously
disappearing for years,
44
00:03:46,834 --> 00:03:48,836
the tapes are rediscovered
45
00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:50,838
and now, for the first time
46
00:03:50,882 --> 00:03:53,145
we'll hear Eichmann admitting
his crimes...
47
00:03:53,188 --> 00:03:55,234
a true Nazi confession.
48
00:03:59,282 --> 00:04:04,243
[speaking German]
49
00:04:24,176 --> 00:04:26,309
REPORTER [in English]:
I am standing in front
of the courtroom
50
00:04:26,352 --> 00:04:29,660
where Eichmann
is going to face his judges
51
00:04:29,703 --> 00:04:33,707
and as you see,
there are a lot of people
already very interested.
52
00:04:33,751 --> 00:04:36,580
People are coming
and waiting
outside this courtroom.
53
00:04:36,623 --> 00:04:38,930
Eichmann is in
one of the rooms
54
00:04:38,973 --> 00:04:41,062
on the fourth floor, we think,
55
00:04:41,106 --> 00:04:43,717
and as you see,
it's very heavily guarded,
the building.
56
00:04:43,761 --> 00:04:45,502
I don't think
there have ever been so many
57
00:04:45,545 --> 00:04:48,026
correspondents and writers,
and observers
58
00:04:48,069 --> 00:04:52,030
on any story since the war,
not even the Nuremberg Trial.
59
00:05:02,736 --> 00:05:07,219
PROF.
This trial was of critical
importance.
60
00:05:07,262 --> 00:05:09,874
It was the beginning
of the process
61
00:05:09,917 --> 00:05:12,006
of the emergence
of the Holocaust
62
00:05:12,050 --> 00:05:13,791
from the shadows of history.
63
00:05:13,834 --> 00:05:16,359
[chattering]
64
00:05:23,888 --> 00:05:26,673
DR.The trial
begins on the 11th of April.
65
00:05:26,717 --> 00:05:28,893
This man is standing
before the court
66
00:05:28,936 --> 00:05:32,200
and also before the many
expectations of the audience.
67
00:05:32,244 --> 00:05:34,725
All they heard
about the crimes
he was accused of
68
00:05:34,768 --> 00:05:38,337
was so extreme
that no image
of a human befitted them.
69
00:05:40,818 --> 00:05:42,820
MAN [speaking Hebrew]
70
00:06:03,493 --> 00:06:06,017
DEBORAH LIPSTADT
[in English]: Gideon Hausner
was a commercial lawyer.
71
00:06:06,496 --> 00:06:08,585
He was chosen
to be Attorney General.
72
00:06:08,628 --> 00:06:10,935
He comes into office
73
00:06:10,978 --> 00:06:14,721
and he is relentless
to getting this story out.
74
00:06:15,940 --> 00:06:17,768
GIDEON HAUSNER [speaking Hebrew]
75
00:06:28,692 --> 00:06:31,564
[in English] "The prince
of darkness is a gentleman."
76
00:06:31,608 --> 00:06:34,349
[speaking Hebrew]
77
00:06:57,460 --> 00:06:58,896
[speaking German]
78
00:06:58,939 --> 00:07:01,725
[speaking Hebrew]
79
00:07:26,053 --> 00:07:28,403
MAN [in English]:
Eichmann, in many ways,
80
00:07:28,447 --> 00:07:30,318
was the Chief
Logistical Officer
81
00:07:30,362 --> 00:07:33,887
overseeing deportations
of Jewish persons,
82
00:07:33,931 --> 00:07:37,456
largely from Western Europe,
to killing centers.
83
00:07:37,500 --> 00:07:39,850
He does this
with full awareness
84
00:07:39,893 --> 00:07:41,808
that the result of deporting
85
00:07:41,852 --> 00:07:43,810
is that they're
going to be killed.
86
00:07:43,854 --> 00:07:47,945
MOSHE LANDAU [speaking Hebrew]
87
00:07:51,557 --> 00:07:53,907
[speaking German]
88
00:07:53,951 --> 00:07:56,040
[murmuring]
89
00:07:57,868 --> 00:08:01,219
WOMAN [in English]:
Eichmann refused to accept
any guilt on himself.
90
00:08:01,262 --> 00:08:03,047
He was a civil servant,
91
00:08:03,090 --> 00:08:05,571
the laws of Germany
are as they are
92
00:08:05,615 --> 00:08:09,357
and he tried to detach
himself completely
93
00:08:09,401 --> 00:08:11,359
from the ideological
dimension.
94
00:08:12,578 --> 00:08:16,539
GIDEON HAUSNER [speaking Hebrew]
95
00:08:30,553 --> 00:08:33,120
[in English]
Eichmann continually insisted
96
00:08:33,164 --> 00:08:35,427
that he was simply
following orders.
97
00:08:35,470 --> 00:08:38,038
[speaking German]
98
00:08:41,825 --> 00:08:43,435
NARRATOR [in English]:
Eichmann's appearance
in court
99
00:08:43,478 --> 00:08:45,698
and the crimes
attributed to him
100
00:08:45,742 --> 00:08:49,354
catch the attention
of both the public
and the press.
101
00:08:49,397 --> 00:08:52,487
Among the many journalists
who go to Israel
to cover the trial,
102
00:08:52,531 --> 00:08:56,361
is the famous Jewish writer
and Holocaust survivor
Hannah Arendt,
103
00:08:56,404 --> 00:08:59,582
who reports
on the proceedings
for the New Yorker magazine.
104
00:09:03,063 --> 00:09:05,413
Arendt expects to find
a devilish killer
105
00:09:05,457 --> 00:09:07,720
with a strong hatred of Jews,
106
00:09:07,764 --> 00:09:09,853
but surprisingly
sees a man whose appearance
107
00:09:09,896 --> 00:09:13,117
does not match the crimes
attributed to him.
108
00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:16,381
She describes the moral gap
between his
bureaucratic demeanor
109
00:09:16,424 --> 00:09:17,991
and the atrocities
he committed
110
00:09:18,035 --> 00:09:21,081
with the term
"the banality of evil."
111
00:09:25,216 --> 00:09:28,175
I think Eichmann
tricked basically everyone.
112
00:09:30,221 --> 00:09:34,704
We had 400 reporters
in the courtroom,
like Hannah Arendt,
113
00:09:35,835 --> 00:09:39,056
and I didn't see
a single report
in which someone said,
114
00:09:39,099 --> 00:09:40,710
"You can tell that he did it."
115
00:09:40,753 --> 00:09:44,365
Instead, they said,
"Wow, who is this?"
116
00:09:48,108 --> 00:09:49,936
NARRATOR [in English]:
So, who is the real Eichmann?
117
00:09:49,980 --> 00:09:52,025
Is he simply a soldier
obeying orders
118
00:09:52,069 --> 00:09:54,549
as he presents himself
in the Israeli court?
119
00:09:55,725 --> 00:09:57,552
Or is he the fervent Nazi
120
00:09:57,596 --> 00:09:59,511
that Hausner
is trying to prove him to be?
121
00:10:01,731 --> 00:10:04,429
The missing evidence,
from four years earlier
in Buenos Aires,
122
00:10:04,472 --> 00:10:06,387
as he boasts
to his fellow Nazis,
123
00:10:06,431 --> 00:10:07,911
reveals the truth.
124
00:10:11,741 --> 00:10:14,439
ADOLF EICHMANN
[speaking German, on recorder]
125
00:10:41,814 --> 00:10:45,296
ADOLF EICHMANN
126
00:10:59,005 --> 00:11:02,661
NARRATOR [in English]:
On the recordings, Eichmann
criticizes other Nazis
127
00:11:02,705 --> 00:11:05,098
captured by the Allies
after the war
128
00:11:05,142 --> 00:11:08,275
who deny responsibility
for their actions.
129
00:11:12,062 --> 00:11:13,890
To understand
Eichmann's rationale
130
00:11:13,933 --> 00:11:16,327
for participating
in these conversations,
131
00:11:16,370 --> 00:11:20,418
one needs to examine
his character
and life after 1945.
132
00:11:27,512 --> 00:11:30,776
In April-May 1945,
133
00:11:30,820 --> 00:11:34,214
there was not much left
of the Third Reich.
134
00:11:35,999 --> 00:11:38,131
The Nazis realize it's over
135
00:11:38,175 --> 00:11:41,091
and they're trying
to figure out what to do next.
136
00:11:42,875 --> 00:11:46,487
Eichmann must have understood,
because of what he did,
137
00:11:46,531 --> 00:11:50,753
that he is wanted
by the Allies.
138
00:11:51,841 --> 00:11:54,104
And so he tried
to get to an area
139
00:11:54,147 --> 00:11:56,280
still controlled
by Nazi forces,
140
00:11:56,323 --> 00:11:58,586
the last holdout, so to speak,
141
00:11:59,631 --> 00:12:03,548
and particularly popular
were the mountains of Austria,
142
00:12:03,591 --> 00:12:05,071
the Austrian Alps.
143
00:12:16,039 --> 00:12:17,910
Like many
of his fellow Nazis,
144
00:12:17,954 --> 00:12:20,217
Eichmann flees
to his former home,
145
00:12:20,260 --> 00:12:23,524
the last stronghold
of the Third Reich.
146
00:12:23,568 --> 00:12:24,787
He feels protected there,
147
00:12:24,830 --> 00:12:26,484
but very quickly discovers
148
00:12:26,527 --> 00:12:28,747
he cannot escape
his involvement
149
00:12:28,791 --> 00:12:30,793
in the crimes he committed
during the war.
150
00:12:33,883 --> 00:12:38,278
Even his
own comrades of the SS,
his own superiors,
151
00:12:38,322 --> 00:12:40,454
wanted to get rid of him,
152
00:12:40,498 --> 00:12:43,370
because he was so obviously
involved
153
00:12:43,414 --> 00:12:47,200
in the mass murder
of the European Jews
and had blood on his hands.
154
00:12:52,423 --> 00:12:54,729
Eichmann secures
forged identity papers
155
00:12:54,773 --> 00:12:56,557
with plans
to escape the country,
156
00:12:56,601 --> 00:12:58,472
but is caught by the Allies.
157
00:13:00,735 --> 00:13:02,912
Eichmann was arrested
by the Americans
158
00:13:02,955 --> 00:13:05,392
and he was held
in a prisoner of war camp.
159
00:13:07,220 --> 00:13:11,790
The Americans had about
3 million Nazis prisoners
at that time.
160
00:13:11,834 --> 00:13:14,749
So Eichmann was just one more
among those many millions.
161
00:13:18,928 --> 00:13:21,582
There was an incredible number
of soldiers imprisoned
162
00:13:21,626 --> 00:13:24,629
and he pretended to have
a very low military rank.
163
00:13:24,672 --> 00:13:28,502
At the time,
photos were not at all
as common as they are today,
164
00:13:28,546 --> 00:13:31,462
so it was relatively easy
to remain unidentified.
165
00:13:34,595 --> 00:13:39,122
ADOLF EICHMANN
[speaking German, on recorder]
166
00:14:00,795 --> 00:14:03,276
WILLEM SASSEN [on recorder]
167
00:14:06,453 --> 00:14:09,892
ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German]
168
00:14:32,001 --> 00:14:36,875
UKI GONI [in English]:
He managed to forge an ID
in the name of Otto Eckmann
169
00:14:36,919 --> 00:14:39,182
while he was being held
by the Americans.
170
00:14:39,791 --> 00:14:43,229
So he was fairly safe
at that moment.
171
00:14:43,273 --> 00:14:45,318
No one was looking for him.
172
00:14:45,362 --> 00:14:48,800
Until his name came up
in the Nuremberg Trials.
173
00:14:48,843 --> 00:14:51,324
Attention! Tribunal!
174
00:14:51,368 --> 00:14:54,066
Judges from Britain,
America, Russia and France
175
00:14:54,110 --> 00:14:55,850
assembled
in Nuremberg's courthouse.
176
00:14:56,634 --> 00:14:58,375
The Nuremberg Trial
177
00:14:58,418 --> 00:15:00,768
that is the trial of the major
Nazi war criminals
178
00:15:00,812 --> 00:15:04,685
that took place
between 1945 and 1946.
179
00:15:04,729 --> 00:15:09,342
This was the first
international criminal trial
in human history
180
00:15:09,386 --> 00:15:11,475
dealing
with spectacular crimes.
181
00:15:12,128 --> 00:15:15,566
Eichmann is mentioned
surprisingly often
in the Nuremberg Trials.
182
00:15:15,609 --> 00:15:17,829
We hear about
what he was involved with
183
00:15:17,872 --> 00:15:20,745
and that he was the main
contact
for Hitler's favorite project,
184
00:15:20,788 --> 00:15:22,834
the extermination of Jews.
185
00:15:24,270 --> 00:15:26,881
[speaking German]
186
00:15:39,764 --> 00:15:42,071
UKI GONI [in English]:
In the Nuremberg Trials
his name was mentioned.
187
00:15:42,114 --> 00:15:44,116
That appeared
in the newspapers
the next day.
188
00:15:44,160 --> 00:15:45,988
The next day he was gone.
189
00:15:46,031 --> 00:15:48,860
He escaped from the American
prisoner of war camp.
190
00:15:50,166 --> 00:15:52,342
Being held by the Americans
was much better
191
00:15:52,385 --> 00:15:53,865
than being held
by the Russians.
192
00:15:53,908 --> 00:15:56,650
So it was not
difficult to escape
193
00:15:56,694 --> 00:15:59,262
from the American
prisoner of war camp.
194
00:15:59,305 --> 00:16:01,351
Many Nazis did.
195
00:16:01,394 --> 00:16:03,309
[clicking]
196
00:16:04,919 --> 00:16:06,878
Eichmann tells
Sassen in Argentina
197
00:16:06,921 --> 00:16:08,706
the story of the strange
escape route
198
00:16:08,749 --> 00:16:10,490
he used to avoid capture.
199
00:16:12,492 --> 00:16:14,016
WILLEM SASSEN
[speaking German, on recorder]
200
00:16:17,019 --> 00:16:19,499
ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German,
on recorder]
201
00:17:10,637 --> 00:17:12,857
[birds chirping]
202
00:17:16,165 --> 00:17:17,992
UKI GONI [in English]:
Eichmann had thought
203
00:17:18,036 --> 00:17:19,168
that if enough time went by,
204
00:17:19,211 --> 00:17:21,257
his name would be forgotten
205
00:17:21,300 --> 00:17:23,737
and he would be able
to live a normal life
in Germany.
206
00:17:31,963 --> 00:17:35,532
Eichmann believes
he will be able to stay
in hiding for years.
207
00:17:35,575 --> 00:17:37,273
He is surprised to discover
208
00:17:37,316 --> 00:17:39,492
that the genocide
of the Jewish people
209
00:17:39,536 --> 00:17:41,538
continues to preoccupy
the world,
even in Germany
210
00:17:41,581 --> 00:17:43,366
where the public
is slowly realizing
211
00:17:43,409 --> 00:17:45,150
the scope of the crimes
committed
212
00:17:45,194 --> 00:17:47,065
and hoping to put
the past behind them.
213
00:17:51,287 --> 00:17:53,158
Eichmann looks
for a new hiding place
214
00:17:53,202 --> 00:17:55,334
and decides to leave
his family behind
215
00:17:55,378 --> 00:17:57,119
to take advantage
of the Nazis'
216
00:17:57,162 --> 00:17:59,643
well-known
escape route to Argentina.
217
00:18:01,384 --> 00:18:05,475
[slow music playing]
218
00:18:07,868 --> 00:18:09,870
At the end of WWII,
219
00:18:09,914 --> 00:18:14,092
Juan Peron
and Eva Duarte Peron
see an opportunity
220
00:18:14,136 --> 00:18:16,660
to take in people
with scientific,
221
00:18:16,703 --> 00:18:20,925
technological
and engineering training
from Germany,
222
00:18:21,578 --> 00:18:26,017
people who supported
the Nazi regime
or served in the German army,
223
00:18:26,060 --> 00:18:27,801
and at the end of the war
224
00:18:27,845 --> 00:18:29,760
they want to get as far away
as they can
225
00:18:29,803 --> 00:18:31,501
from the "crime scene."
226
00:18:37,724 --> 00:18:39,161
And many asked
the same question,
227
00:18:39,204 --> 00:18:42,773
why did the Allies
not just stop
228
00:18:42,816 --> 00:18:45,341
this escape route?
229
00:18:45,384 --> 00:18:47,081
It could have been easy.
230
00:18:47,125 --> 00:18:49,301
They knew everything,
they knew the players,
231
00:18:49,345 --> 00:18:51,521
they knew the structures,
they knew
the institutions involved.
232
00:18:53,131 --> 00:18:57,744
I think at some point
they focused their energy
233
00:18:57,788 --> 00:18:59,790
on the new enemy.
234
00:18:59,833 --> 00:19:04,098
And the new enemy
was Communism
and the Soviet Union
235
00:19:04,142 --> 00:19:05,883
and not the Nazis anymore.
236
00:19:08,538 --> 00:19:10,496
If you're not a Communist,
237
00:19:10,540 --> 00:19:12,542
who cares
if in the past you sinned?
238
00:19:18,112 --> 00:19:19,897
So there was no one
internationally
239
00:19:19,940 --> 00:19:22,900
that applied
any pressure on Argentina
240
00:19:22,943 --> 00:19:25,163
or tried to prevent
the entry of people
241
00:19:25,207 --> 00:19:28,862
who were involved
or at least
suspected of involvement
242
00:19:28,906 --> 00:19:30,212
in war crimes.
243
00:19:34,303 --> 00:19:37,088
Eichmann gets a new identity
244
00:19:37,131 --> 00:19:39,612
by the name of Ricardo Klement
245
00:19:39,656 --> 00:19:43,007
with the help of the Vatican
Aid Commission for Refugees.
246
00:19:43,050 --> 00:19:46,010
We have proof
that in some cases
247
00:19:46,053 --> 00:19:49,970
they know exactly
who these people were
and who they were helping.
248
00:19:50,014 --> 00:19:53,844
And very often,
they did not have to hide
their backgrounds.
249
00:19:53,887 --> 00:19:57,761
And when you look
at the application forms
of these various criminals,
250
00:19:57,804 --> 00:20:01,417
they wouldn't say,
"I'm an expert
in torturing people,"
251
00:20:01,460 --> 00:20:03,027
or "I'm a mass murderer,"
252
00:20:03,070 --> 00:20:05,072
or "I'm an expert
for deporting people
253
00:20:05,116 --> 00:20:06,335
to extermination camps."
254
00:20:06,378 --> 00:20:07,292
Of course not.
255
00:20:09,425 --> 00:20:13,603
He has the
ability to transform from a
rigid-looking SS man
256
00:20:13,646 --> 00:20:16,258
to a somewhat
sloppy-looking bureaucrat.
257
00:20:33,013 --> 00:20:34,537
Eichmann, when he arrived,
258
00:20:34,580 --> 00:20:37,975
was received at the dock
by Carlos Fuldner,
259
00:20:38,932 --> 00:20:41,195
who was another SS man.
260
00:20:43,328 --> 00:20:46,070
So the idea
that these Nazis lived
261
00:20:46,113 --> 00:20:50,074
in secrecy in Argentina
was not true.
262
00:20:50,117 --> 00:20:52,946
I lived a couple of years
in Buenos Aires as a kid
263
00:20:52,990 --> 00:20:55,209
and my neighbor
was Carlos Fuldner,
264
00:20:55,253 --> 00:20:59,213
the SS officer
who helped Eichmann
265
00:20:59,257 --> 00:21:01,868
and probably hundreds
of other Nazis escape.
266
00:21:02,652 --> 00:21:07,309
[German music playing]
267
00:21:07,352 --> 00:21:11,443
Eichmann becomes
part of the ex-Nazi community
in Argentina.
268
00:21:11,487 --> 00:21:15,142
He gets a job as an assistant
to an engineering crew
in the Andes.
269
00:21:17,928 --> 00:21:20,757
Finally, he feels
that his life
is back on track.
270
00:21:26,023 --> 00:21:27,764
But at some point,
271
00:21:27,807 --> 00:21:29,896
his luck seems to have taken
a turn for the worse
272
00:21:29,940 --> 00:21:33,030
and he was left
without any real job
and he started...
273
00:21:33,073 --> 00:21:35,249
He had a laundry firm,
274
00:21:35,293 --> 00:21:37,339
he worked in a rabbit farm
275
00:21:38,514 --> 00:21:40,951
until, towards the end
276
00:21:40,994 --> 00:21:45,042
he managed to work
for a real company again,
which was for Mercedes Benz.
277
00:21:50,047 --> 00:21:52,571
He is profoundly frustrated.
278
00:21:52,615 --> 00:21:57,228
He feels like someone
whom history and destiny
have marginalized
279
00:21:57,271 --> 00:22:00,274
and that this is something
he does not deserve.
280
00:22:03,408 --> 00:22:05,018
Eichmann said
that he suffered most
281
00:22:05,062 --> 00:22:06,716
from becoming anonymous.
282
00:22:08,631 --> 00:22:09,980
This is unfathomable!
283
00:22:10,023 --> 00:22:11,416
For him, it was horrible
284
00:22:11,460 --> 00:22:14,114
not being able
to be "Eichmann."
285
00:22:15,420 --> 00:22:17,988
So this was the time when he
286
00:22:18,031 --> 00:22:20,991
connected with Sassen,
Willem Sassen,
287
00:22:21,644 --> 00:22:25,343
who was a propaganda officer
from the Netherlands
288
00:22:25,387 --> 00:22:29,086
um, who also lived
in Buenos Aires.
289
00:22:29,869 --> 00:22:33,569
Now, the question is,
who is Willem Sassen?
290
00:22:33,612 --> 00:22:37,486
And Willem Sassen,
he's an absolutely
Hollywood figure.
291
00:22:38,400 --> 00:22:41,577
A Dutch journalist
at the time of the war.
292
00:22:41,620 --> 00:22:44,057
Goöbbels, the Nazi
minister of propaganda,
293
00:22:44,101 --> 00:22:48,932
sent him to the Russian front
where Willem Sassen
sent radio reports.
294
00:22:48,975 --> 00:22:51,891
WILLEM SASSEN [speaking German]
295
00:22:55,286 --> 00:22:58,724
[in English] After the war,
Willem Sassen was arrested
in Holland
296
00:22:58,768 --> 00:23:01,379
for treason, of course,
because he'd become an SS.
297
00:23:02,206 --> 00:23:06,471
He managed to escape
to Buenos Aires
on this tiny ship
298
00:23:06,515 --> 00:23:08,473
and set himself up
as a journalist
299
00:23:08,517 --> 00:23:10,823
and as a publisher
in Argentina,
300
00:23:10,867 --> 00:23:13,609
publishing books
for other Nazis
who lived here.
301
00:23:15,611 --> 00:23:19,005
He had already been
in Argentina for three years.
302
00:23:19,049 --> 00:23:21,268
He had close ties
with the Nazis
303
00:23:21,312 --> 00:23:22,792
because he was a Nazi himself.
304
00:23:23,619 --> 00:23:28,058
So if one
has a political agenda
like restoring Nazism,
305
00:23:28,101 --> 00:23:32,323
then you need allies,
and in this regard
Eichmann was the jackpot.
306
00:23:37,154 --> 00:23:41,550
Eichmann met Sassen
at the ABC restaurant.
307
00:23:41,593 --> 00:23:46,511
It was a German
community restaurant
in downtown Buenos Aires.
308
00:23:46,990 --> 00:23:50,428
The waiters
clicked their heels
like in military fashion,
309
00:23:50,472 --> 00:23:54,998
saluted the Nazis
who went for lunch there.
310
00:23:55,041 --> 00:23:57,957
The men meet
occasionally
until the mid-1950s
311
00:23:58,001 --> 00:24:00,482
when a series
of groundbreaking books
are published
312
00:24:00,525 --> 00:24:02,353
that reveal
for the first time
313
00:24:02,396 --> 00:24:05,530
the original documents,
certificates and minutes
314
00:24:05,574 --> 00:24:09,708
that catalog the Holocaust
inflicted on the Jewish
people in Europe.
315
00:24:09,752 --> 00:24:12,711
Sassen manages
to locate copies of the books
316
00:24:12,755 --> 00:24:15,105
and has them delivered
to him in Argentina.
317
00:24:22,068 --> 00:24:25,419
Then these Nazis in Argentina
encountered a problem.
318
00:24:29,293 --> 00:24:33,166
They wondered how it could be
that these crimes
actually took place.
319
00:24:35,821 --> 00:24:37,780
They felt disturbed
when they were told
320
00:24:37,823 --> 00:24:40,478
that little children
were sent to the gas chambers.
321
00:24:41,566 --> 00:24:44,003
This crime took place
in front of everyone,
322
00:24:46,484 --> 00:24:49,182
but the whole dimension of it
and the actual dirty work
323
00:24:49,226 --> 00:24:51,054
weren't visible to everyone.
324
00:24:52,316 --> 00:24:53,926
Sassen at first assumes
325
00:24:53,970 --> 00:24:56,450
that the mass murder
of the Jews is a lie.
326
00:24:59,323 --> 00:25:02,413
Then he looked for somebody
who knew about these things
327
00:25:02,456 --> 00:25:05,285
and, in that respect,
Eichmann was a gift.
328
00:25:07,374 --> 00:25:09,942
Sassen came up
with this crazy idea
329
00:25:09,986 --> 00:25:12,379
that he would interview
the mastermind
of the Holocaust
330
00:25:12,423 --> 00:25:14,164
and in Sassen's mind
331
00:25:14,207 --> 00:25:17,950
the idea was that Eichmann
would prove
332
00:25:17,994 --> 00:25:22,781
that Hitler had nothing to do
with the extermination
of the Jews.
333
00:25:22,825 --> 00:25:25,262
Unfortunately for Sassen
and his friends,
334
00:25:25,305 --> 00:25:28,961
Eichmann insisted that,
of course, Hitler knew.
[laughs]
335
00:25:36,578 --> 00:25:38,492
The Nazis burned books,
336
00:25:38,536 --> 00:25:41,017
but not because
they hated books.
337
00:25:41,060 --> 00:25:44,194
They wanted to empty shelves
for their own books.
338
00:25:44,237 --> 00:25:47,893
Eichmann dreamt very early,
in his 30s, of writing books.
339
00:25:47,937 --> 00:25:49,939
He finds it meaningful.
340
00:25:49,982 --> 00:25:52,985
It is part of his
understanding
of being cultured.
341
00:25:54,291 --> 00:25:58,164
And in Argentina, he suddenly
gets the opportunity
through Sassen.
342
00:25:59,905 --> 00:26:02,299
And also to earn
some money for the family.
343
00:26:06,477 --> 00:26:09,306
They meet every weekend
and sit together for hours.
344
00:26:09,349 --> 00:26:12,265
Five, six, seven hours.
345
00:26:12,309 --> 00:26:14,833
The gentlemen sit together
and discuss.
346
00:26:15,704 --> 00:26:18,228
This was kind
of a public event
347
00:26:18,271 --> 00:26:20,317
where other Nazis went to.
348
00:26:20,360 --> 00:26:22,362
Very high ranking Nazis.
349
00:26:23,973 --> 00:26:26,323
[chattering]
350
00:26:35,419 --> 00:26:37,464
Eichmann was a celebrity.
351
00:26:37,508 --> 00:26:40,119
People fought
to be close to him.
352
00:26:40,163 --> 00:26:44,167
He was always being asked,
"Tell me, what happened
in Auschwitz?"
353
00:26:47,257 --> 00:26:49,302
There's 67 reels of tape.
354
00:26:49,651 --> 00:26:52,044
A lot of the tapes
were taped over.
355
00:26:52,088 --> 00:26:55,569
At the time when Sassen
was conducting
these interviews,
356
00:26:55,613 --> 00:26:58,224
these audiotapes
were somewhat expensive.
357
00:26:58,268 --> 00:27:00,879
[voices on recorder]
358
00:27:00,923 --> 00:27:03,490
[typewriter clacking]
359
00:27:06,493 --> 00:27:08,582
They recorded
the conversations
360
00:27:08,626 --> 00:27:10,715
and then transcribed them
to paper,
361
00:27:10,759 --> 00:27:13,370
then rerecorded more,
transcribed again.
362
00:27:21,247 --> 00:27:24,381
And thus, they were left
with a few thousand pages.
363
00:27:27,601 --> 00:27:30,517
Obviously, Eichmann
is flattered when he's told,
364
00:27:30,561 --> 00:27:32,084
"We need you."
365
00:27:32,128 --> 00:27:34,086
He is a specialist once again.
366
00:27:34,130 --> 00:27:36,915
He again is "The Jew Expert."
367
00:27:38,351 --> 00:27:41,746
This was the first
time anyone had taken
an interest in him.
368
00:27:41,790 --> 00:27:43,835
"Herr Eichmann,
tell me what you did."
369
00:27:43,879 --> 00:27:47,143
He's very happy anyone
even wants to listen.
370
00:27:47,186 --> 00:27:49,580
So he blossoms. He flourishes.
371
00:27:49,623 --> 00:27:52,061
He suddenly returns
to his good old days,
372
00:27:52,104 --> 00:27:56,021
the most beautiful time
in his life,
as he himself defined it.
373
00:27:56,065 --> 00:28:00,199
And thereafter, he loosens
all the restrictions
he imposed on himself
374
00:28:00,243 --> 00:28:02,245
and he went with it.
375
00:28:07,206 --> 00:28:11,428
Eichmann says, "Yes,
this is all real. Wonderful,
376
00:28:11,471 --> 00:28:13,386
I haven't seen this
in a long time.
377
00:28:13,909 --> 00:28:17,260
This is Heydrich's signature,
it's all so nice."
378
00:28:17,303 --> 00:28:19,741
It makes him happy
to see all his things again.
379
00:28:19,784 --> 00:28:21,481
He even finds his signature,
380
00:28:21,525 --> 00:28:24,180
which is obviously
very important to him.
381
00:28:24,833 --> 00:28:27,705
And he also,
and this is the
biggest problem,
382
00:28:27,749 --> 00:28:30,142
he is proud
of his life's work.
383
00:28:30,186 --> 00:28:31,840
And the life work
of Mr. Eichmann
384
00:28:31,883 --> 00:28:34,364
consists
of mass murder of Jews.
385
00:28:39,848 --> 00:28:41,501
ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German,
on recorder]
386
00:29:38,471 --> 00:29:40,560
MAN [in English]:
It is just striking
387
00:29:40,604 --> 00:29:43,128
that Sassen,
for whatever reason,
388
00:29:44,129 --> 00:29:47,567
decided to continue
taping Eichmann
389
00:29:47,611 --> 00:29:50,832
even once he understood
390
00:29:50,875 --> 00:29:54,879
that Eichmann
was not about to deny
391
00:29:56,402 --> 00:30:00,754
the nature of the Holocaust
and his role in it.
392
00:30:00,798 --> 00:30:04,584
[suspenseful music playing]
393
00:30:18,337 --> 00:30:23,125
ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German]
394
00:31:15,481 --> 00:31:19,790
WILLEM SASSEN [speaking German]
395
00:31:41,812 --> 00:31:43,814
NARRATOR [in English]:
On the recordings,
Eichmann elaborates
396
00:31:43,857 --> 00:31:45,903
about his work
during the war,
397
00:31:45,947 --> 00:31:48,645
freely answering
the questions
asked by Sassen.
398
00:31:51,865 --> 00:31:53,955
Four years later,
in the Israeli court,
399
00:31:53,998 --> 00:31:55,957
he sounds
like a different man.
400
00:31:58,046 --> 00:32:01,484
[speaking Hebrew]
401
00:32:09,405 --> 00:32:11,233
[speaking German]
402
00:32:19,458 --> 00:32:22,418
[speaking Hebrew]
403
00:32:25,160 --> 00:32:27,466
[speaking German]
404
00:32:41,698 --> 00:32:46,572
[speaking Hebrew]
405
00:32:53,492 --> 00:32:56,756
[speaking German]
406
00:33:33,141 --> 00:33:35,360
GIDEON HAUSNER [in English]:
I was aware
407
00:33:35,404 --> 00:33:40,104
that he is following
the old line
of many other Nazi criminals
408
00:33:40,148 --> 00:33:43,107
who didn't have the courage
409
00:33:43,151 --> 00:33:46,893
to stand up in court
and admit their guilt.
410
00:33:48,330 --> 00:33:51,028
So, in order somehow
411
00:33:51,072 --> 00:33:55,902
to minimize the enormousness
of their deed,
412
00:33:55,946 --> 00:34:00,298
they were trying by small lies
413
00:34:00,342 --> 00:34:01,995
to hide
414
00:34:02,866 --> 00:34:06,870
at least part
of the most hideous deeds.
415
00:34:10,482 --> 00:34:12,876
Gideon Hausner
as Attorney General
416
00:34:12,919 --> 00:34:15,096
was the prosecutor
in the Eichmann trial.
417
00:34:15,139 --> 00:34:18,273
He got the job
as soon as he took
office as Attorney General.
418
00:34:18,316 --> 00:34:20,449
He wanted it
to be the Nuremberg Trial
419
00:34:20,492 --> 00:34:23,147
of the Jewish people,
for the Jewish people.
420
00:35:04,362 --> 00:35:06,799
You see,
actually, I was aware
all the time
421
00:35:06,843 --> 00:35:09,150
that there were two trials
going on-
422
00:35:10,238 --> 00:35:11,674
one in Jerusalem
423
00:35:12,196 --> 00:35:15,373
where we were trying Eichmann,
424
00:35:15,417 --> 00:35:17,984
and the other
in the world's public opinion,
425
00:35:18,028 --> 00:35:20,291
uh, with the proceedings
426
00:35:21,336 --> 00:35:23,033
televised throughout
the world.
427
00:35:26,776 --> 00:35:29,082
I was well aware of this,
428
00:35:29,126 --> 00:35:32,042
that every word I say,
every movement I make,
429
00:35:32,085 --> 00:35:36,307
is recorded and commented
upon the next day
430
00:35:36,351 --> 00:35:37,787
in very many countries.
431
00:35:39,876 --> 00:35:43,488
In the Eichmann Trial,
I was working as assistant
432
00:35:43,532 --> 00:35:45,229
to the television director.
433
00:35:45,273 --> 00:35:47,927
The trial had to be shown
to the world.
434
00:35:47,971 --> 00:35:49,407
The trouble was,
435
00:35:49,451 --> 00:35:50,974
there's no television
in Israel,
436
00:35:51,017 --> 00:35:52,323
that was the crazy thing.
437
00:35:52,889 --> 00:35:56,066
So they had brought over
a team from London
438
00:35:56,109 --> 00:35:59,330
and decided to film the trial
with four cameras.
439
00:35:59,939 --> 00:36:02,725
It then went out
all over the world.
440
00:36:03,334 --> 00:36:06,207
Now remember,
we're talking of 1961
441
00:36:06,250 --> 00:36:10,907
and there was very, very
little information out
at that stage.
442
00:36:10,950 --> 00:36:14,084
So the purpose of the trial
was to show the world, "Look,
443
00:36:14,127 --> 00:36:15,912
six million Jews died.
444
00:36:15,955 --> 00:36:17,609
This is how it happened."
445
00:36:19,394 --> 00:36:21,918
During the actual
filming of the trial,
446
00:36:22,353 --> 00:36:24,181
well this
is the main question-
447
00:36:24,225 --> 00:36:26,749
Who is the real
Adolf Eichmann?
448
00:36:26,792 --> 00:36:28,577
What is he feeling?
449
00:36:29,926 --> 00:36:32,494
Can we see
anything in his face?
450
00:36:33,886 --> 00:36:38,282
You know, I keep coming in
for a closeup on him
to see what he's feeling.
451
00:36:38,326 --> 00:36:40,937
In practice he showed nothing.
452
00:36:40,980 --> 00:36:44,114
He showed no feelings at all.
453
00:36:48,074 --> 00:36:51,948
The speculation
about Eichmann's character
continues to this day.
454
00:36:53,384 --> 00:36:55,473
Is he an evil idealist
455
00:36:55,517 --> 00:36:58,041
or a simple bureaucrat
carrying out orders
456
00:36:58,084 --> 00:37:00,304
in the service
of the Nazi regime,
457
00:37:00,348 --> 00:37:01,914
as Hannah Arendt claimed?
458
00:37:04,482 --> 00:37:08,834
HANNAH ARENDT [speaking German]
459
00:37:25,895 --> 00:37:29,333
[in English] She thinks that
Eichmann believes
that what he's doing
460
00:37:29,377 --> 00:37:32,380
is simply complying
with the law of the day,
461
00:37:32,423 --> 00:37:34,120
and I think
that is unfortunate,
462
00:37:34,164 --> 00:37:36,297
because I think
that is a misleading filter.
463
00:37:39,387 --> 00:37:42,259
In terms of theory,
I think it is a good theory.
464
00:37:42,303 --> 00:37:46,611
I think it explains
quite a few people
who were in the Nazi regime.
465
00:37:46,655 --> 00:37:49,222
But her theory
did not fit Eichmann.
466
00:37:49,266 --> 00:37:50,920
You cannot make
the distinction
467
00:37:50,963 --> 00:37:54,097
between his war on the Jews
and his career.
468
00:37:54,140 --> 00:37:57,143
It has become
basically one and the same.
469
00:37:58,797 --> 00:38:02,801
MAN 2 [speaking German]
470
00:38:29,175 --> 00:38:32,440
[in English] I suppose there's
a very interesting question
we can ask,
471
00:38:32,483 --> 00:38:37,227
which is whether Hannah Arendt
would have changed her tune
472
00:38:37,270 --> 00:38:42,798
if she had been able to,
um, hear the Sassen tapes.
473
00:38:42,841 --> 00:38:48,325
On the tapes,
Eichmann confirms his strong
belief in the Nazi cause.
474
00:38:48,369 --> 00:38:52,242
He admits he was not only
a bureaucrat,
but also an idealist.
475
00:38:56,855 --> 00:38:58,640
ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German]
476
00:39:50,648 --> 00:39:53,129
UKI GONI [in English]:
This was not done in hiding,
477
00:39:53,172 --> 00:39:56,437
in a secret cave,
high up in the Andes,
478
00:39:56,480 --> 00:39:59,483
or hidden away
in the Amazonian jungle.
479
00:39:59,527 --> 00:40:02,268
This was done
in suburban Buenos Aires
480
00:40:02,312 --> 00:40:04,445
in the full view
of all their neighbors.
481
00:40:06,490 --> 00:40:10,015
In the tapes, you can hear
Sassen's daughter
482
00:40:10,059 --> 00:40:11,452
playing in the background.
483
00:40:13,932 --> 00:40:15,717
My sister and I
were always singing.
484
00:40:15,760 --> 00:40:19,329
You know how that is
with children.
485
00:40:20,156 --> 00:40:22,985
My mother would say:
"Stop that singing!"
486
00:40:23,942 --> 00:40:25,466
It was my weapon.
487
00:40:25,509 --> 00:40:27,206
I used singing as a weapon,
488
00:40:27,250 --> 00:40:29,339
because he interrupted
our fun life,
489
00:40:29,382 --> 00:40:32,864
you know, my father
was really a lot of fun
as a father.
490
00:40:32,908 --> 00:40:35,171
But when the meetings
happened,
491
00:40:35,214 --> 00:40:38,000
my father was extracting
information.
492
00:40:38,043 --> 00:40:40,872
[children singing]
493
00:40:43,484 --> 00:40:45,268
He was a journalist
494
00:40:45,311 --> 00:40:48,314
and he wanted to get
at the story.
495
00:40:49,446 --> 00:40:51,230
How well did you know him?
496
00:40:51,274 --> 00:40:52,754
-Whom?
-Eichmann.
497
00:40:53,885 --> 00:40:57,802
I think I knew him completely.
498
00:40:58,760 --> 00:41:00,152
What did you make of him?
499
00:41:03,329 --> 00:41:07,986
A tragical figure,
a tragical figure.
500
00:41:08,030 --> 00:41:09,771
Because he was really not...
501
00:41:09,814 --> 00:41:13,862
it was not his business
in reality.
502
00:41:13,905 --> 00:41:16,778
He would have liked to be
a common soldier on the front.
503
00:41:16,821 --> 00:41:18,823
That was his dream.
504
00:41:23,219 --> 00:41:26,570
As time goes by,
Eichmann's
confidence increases
505
00:41:26,614 --> 00:41:28,616
and he feels
comfortable enough
506
00:41:28,659 --> 00:41:30,400
to bring his family
to Argentina.
507
00:41:32,794 --> 00:41:36,624
German parents in Argentina
508
00:41:36,667 --> 00:41:39,061
came to the embassy
to register their children
509
00:41:39,104 --> 00:41:42,368
for their German citizenship,
German passport.
510
00:41:43,239 --> 00:41:47,112
And his children
were registered
under the name "Eichmann."
511
00:41:51,116 --> 00:41:53,815
The kids
of German immigrants
still remember
512
00:41:53,858 --> 00:41:56,339
that on Sundays,
they would meet to cook
orange marmalade
513
00:41:56,382 --> 00:41:59,298
with the Eichmanns,
not the Klements,
514
00:41:59,342 --> 00:42:01,692
not with that family
with the strange guy.
515
00:42:02,084 --> 00:42:03,346
With the Eichmanns!
516
00:42:03,389 --> 00:42:05,130
It was his only mistake
517
00:42:05,174 --> 00:42:07,306
that he didn't want
to leave his family behind.
518
00:42:13,748 --> 00:42:15,576
This myth that grew up
519
00:42:15,619 --> 00:42:18,317
that nobody knew
he was there...
520
00:42:18,361 --> 00:42:21,277
the German ex-pats
who were loyal Nazis
521
00:42:21,320 --> 00:42:24,454
knew he was there.
He met with them,
he talked to them.
522
00:42:24,497 --> 00:42:27,979
And the Argentinian police,
they knew he was there.
523
00:42:30,460 --> 00:42:33,463
The thing that was true
is that
524
00:42:33,506 --> 00:42:36,771
the people who knew
he was there
525
00:42:36,814 --> 00:42:40,383
did not care enough
to go and get him.
526
00:42:40,426 --> 00:42:43,647
MAN [on TV]: Fritz Bauer
survived Hitler's death
camps...
527
00:42:43,691 --> 00:42:47,433
Even though the
Allies stop searching
for Nazi fugitives,
528
00:42:47,477 --> 00:42:51,829
individuals like the German
Jewish lawyer Fritz Bauer,
529
00:42:51,873 --> 00:42:55,485
continue to try to bring
the escaped criminals
to justice,
530
00:42:55,528 --> 00:42:59,054
using information
they receive
from around the world.
531
00:43:00,359 --> 00:43:02,623
If not
for private individuals,
532
00:43:02,666 --> 00:43:05,756
Adolf Eichmann would have
never been captured
in Buenos Aires.
533
00:43:05,800 --> 00:43:08,672
First and foremost,
Lothar Hermann,
534
00:43:08,716 --> 00:43:10,413
a Holocaust survivor
535
00:43:10,456 --> 00:43:12,633
who happened to be
Adolf Eichmann's neighbor.
536
00:43:14,635 --> 00:43:19,204
Lothar Hermann,
who was the survivor
who came to Argentina,
537
00:43:19,248 --> 00:43:21,076
had a daughter called Sylvia
538
00:43:21,119 --> 00:43:23,513
and his daughter made friends
539
00:43:23,556 --> 00:43:25,210
with one of the Eichmann kids.
540
00:43:26,864 --> 00:43:28,910
It was not unusual
for German Jews
541
00:43:28,953 --> 00:43:31,303
to make friends
with German Nazi families,
542
00:43:31,347 --> 00:43:34,350
because, in the end
they were all Germans
in Argentina.
543
00:43:36,134 --> 00:43:39,529
Sylvia knew that her friend
was called "Eichmann."
544
00:43:41,357 --> 00:43:44,099
And Lothar Hermann,
I can't say he was reading
the newspaper,
545
00:43:44,142 --> 00:43:46,492
because he was blind,
546
00:43:46,536 --> 00:43:48,407
but I think he was having
the newspaper read to him
by his daughter
547
00:43:48,451 --> 00:43:51,236
and Eichmann's name appeared
548
00:43:51,280 --> 00:43:53,282
and, of course,
Lothar Hermann realized,
549
00:43:53,325 --> 00:43:55,458
"that must be the father
of your friend."
550
00:43:55,501 --> 00:43:57,112
So Lothar Hermann went
551
00:43:57,155 --> 00:43:59,723
and immediately wrote
to Bauer in Germany,
552
00:43:59,767 --> 00:44:01,769
saying it's definitely him.
553
00:44:01,812 --> 00:44:04,728
[typewriter clacking]
554
00:44:04,772 --> 00:44:09,646
For
Fritz Bauer, it was safer to
bring him on trial in Israel.
555
00:44:10,560 --> 00:44:13,563
If the Germans would
ask in Argentina
556
00:44:13,606 --> 00:44:16,261
to bring Eichmann to Germany,
557
00:44:16,305 --> 00:44:17,262
he would have been warned.
558
00:44:18,568 --> 00:44:22,006
And this would be
the possibility to escape.
559
00:44:23,704 --> 00:44:26,271
I also think
there was no interest
in Germany
560
00:44:27,272 --> 00:44:28,839
to capture Eichmann.
561
00:44:29,622 --> 00:44:32,147
They didn't want to talk
about the past.
562
00:44:33,452 --> 00:44:36,717
[telephone ringing]
563
00:44:36,760 --> 00:44:40,808
Bauer gave the information
to the Israelis
564
00:44:40,851 --> 00:44:42,374
and nothing happened.
565
00:44:43,506 --> 00:44:46,814
One has to remember
that this is the late 50s
566
00:44:47,466 --> 00:44:51,514
and Israel is barely
a third-world country
at that time.
567
00:44:52,645 --> 00:44:55,083
I think the feeling was that,
568
00:44:55,126 --> 00:44:59,043
we have current enemies
in the Arab lands, etc.
569
00:44:59,087 --> 00:45:01,132
Should we fight
our current enemies
570
00:45:01,176 --> 00:45:04,701
who stand possibly
to destroy us now
571
00:45:04,745 --> 00:45:07,225
or should we go
to settle scores from before?
572
00:45:08,313 --> 00:45:09,793
Bauer insisted,
573
00:45:09,837 --> 00:45:11,664
he threatened the authorities
574
00:45:11,708 --> 00:45:13,405
that he will bring
the information
575
00:45:13,449 --> 00:45:15,756
into the knowledge
of the public.
576
00:45:15,799 --> 00:45:19,542
That there is a credible
source
577
00:45:19,585 --> 00:45:21,979
that Eichmann is in Argentina
578
00:45:22,023 --> 00:45:23,198
and this worked.
579
00:45:26,027 --> 00:45:28,986
Ben Gurion,
the country's founder,
580
00:45:29,030 --> 00:45:31,989
is persuaded to bring
Eichmann to trial in Israel
581
00:45:32,033 --> 00:45:35,210
and a secret mission
to capture the fugitive
is launched.
582
00:45:38,866 --> 00:45:40,519
When Eichmann was kidnapped,
583
00:45:40,563 --> 00:45:43,087
he was no longer living
in Buenos Aires.
584
00:45:43,131 --> 00:45:46,525
He was on the outskirts
in a kind of no man's land.
585
00:45:49,702 --> 00:45:52,705
And one fine day
he arrives home on the bus.
586
00:45:54,185 --> 00:45:57,319
He then had to walk
some distance
to get to his house.
587
00:45:57,362 --> 00:45:59,277
There was no electricity,
588
00:45:59,321 --> 00:46:01,714
It was an unprotected area.
589
00:46:01,758 --> 00:46:04,108
It was easy
to pick him off the streets.
590
00:46:05,501 --> 00:46:09,766
He walked
on the Garibaldi street
591
00:46:09,810 --> 00:46:11,855
about 50 meters from his home
592
00:46:11,899 --> 00:46:14,336
and I walked on that side.
593
00:46:14,379 --> 00:46:17,339
We looked at each other,
I saw...
594
00:46:17,382 --> 00:46:20,037
fear in his eyes, and I said,
"Uno momentito,"
595
00:46:20,081 --> 00:46:21,734
and I didn't finish
the question
596
00:46:22,257 --> 00:46:24,563
and he retreated.
597
00:46:27,088 --> 00:46:30,352
I jumped on him.
We fell into a ditch there.
598
00:46:30,395 --> 00:46:34,878
He then started howling
and screaming and shouting.
599
00:46:34,922 --> 00:46:38,708
The three of them dragged him,
still howling, into the car
600
00:46:40,144 --> 00:46:41,711
and the race was on.
601
00:46:46,934 --> 00:46:48,718
[suspenseful music playing]
602
00:46:54,071 --> 00:46:56,160
[speaking Hebrew]
603
00:47:17,051 --> 00:47:19,314
MAN [speaking English]:
The Yagur base is a
detention facility
604
00:47:19,357 --> 00:47:20,837
of the northern district
605
00:47:20,881 --> 00:47:22,926
and until Eichmann's arrival,
606
00:47:22,970 --> 00:47:25,102
there were dozens
of prisoners there.
607
00:47:25,146 --> 00:47:27,278
They were removed
608
00:47:27,322 --> 00:47:29,933
and the detention facility
was transformed
into a fortress.
609
00:47:29,977 --> 00:47:32,718
Dozens of police officers
are guarding just Eichmann.
610
00:47:33,284 --> 00:47:35,504
All this for only one inmate.
611
00:47:37,419 --> 00:47:40,552
There are many risks
with such a detainee as this.
612
00:47:40,596 --> 00:47:43,773
The primary risk
is that he could try
to harm himself.
613
00:47:43,816 --> 00:47:48,212
Then there are also threats
that neo-Nazis
might try to break him free.
614
00:47:48,256 --> 00:47:49,779
And the third scenario
615
00:47:49,822 --> 00:47:52,042
is that someone
from within Israel,
616
00:47:52,086 --> 00:47:55,916
either a Holocaust survivor
or someone connected
to the Holocaust
617
00:47:55,959 --> 00:47:58,353
or even one of the policemen
close to him,
618
00:47:58,396 --> 00:48:00,572
might try to settle a score.
619
00:48:02,400 --> 00:48:06,927
[speaking German]
620
00:48:28,426 --> 00:48:29,732
[clamoring]
621
00:48:29,775 --> 00:48:31,908
REPORTER [speaking German]
622
00:48:41,135 --> 00:48:44,312
MAN [in German]
623
00:50:17,144 --> 00:50:19,929
NARRATOR [in English]:
During his interrogation
by the Israeli police,
624
00:50:19,972 --> 00:50:23,063
Eichmann claims
that he was only
following orders.
625
00:50:25,152 --> 00:50:27,502
But in Sassen's living room,
626
00:50:27,545 --> 00:50:30,070
Eichmann is aware
that his words
could incriminate him,
627
00:50:30,113 --> 00:50:33,551
so he asks
that the recordings never be
heard during his lifetime.
628
00:50:37,512 --> 00:50:38,948
ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German]
629
00:51:11,241 --> 00:51:13,287
UKI GONI [in English]:
When Eichmann was kidnapped,
630
00:51:13,330 --> 00:51:15,550
suddenly Sassen realized,
631
00:51:15,593 --> 00:51:19,293
here I have a chance
to make a large
amount of money
632
00:51:19,336 --> 00:51:21,643
by selling this.
633
00:51:21,686 --> 00:51:23,819
Uh, and I'll finally be able
to make some money
out of this project
634
00:51:23,862 --> 00:51:25,777
that I spent so much time on.
635
00:51:27,083 --> 00:51:29,085
And at the same time,
he realized,
636
00:51:29,129 --> 00:51:32,044
if I do that,
the other Nazis
are going to kill me,
637
00:51:32,088 --> 00:51:34,743
because he's being
the worst traitor of all.
638
00:51:35,309 --> 00:51:36,571
In the end,
639
00:51:36,614 --> 00:51:39,878
the opportunist won the battle
640
00:51:39,922 --> 00:51:43,143
over the more
cautious person inside him
641
00:51:43,186 --> 00:51:47,147
and he sold the story
to Life Magazine
in the United States.
642
00:51:56,243 --> 00:51:59,159
Four months before the trial,
643
00:51:59,202 --> 00:52:02,988
Life Magazine
publishes sections
of the Eichmann recordings.
644
00:52:03,032 --> 00:52:05,948
The confessions
shock the world.
645
00:52:05,991 --> 00:52:09,473
Never before had
a Nazi officer
admitted publicly
646
00:52:09,517 --> 00:52:15,958
that the Holocaust
was meticulously planned
and carried out.
647
00:52:16,001 --> 00:52:18,874
The publication of the
Life Magazine interview
648
00:52:18,917 --> 00:52:22,094
was an astonishing moment
649
00:52:22,138 --> 00:52:25,663
in the international
community,
to have Eichmann's words
650
00:52:25,707 --> 00:52:29,189
suddenly splashed
in front of Life Magazine,
651
00:52:29,232 --> 00:52:34,237
which at the time
was one of the crucial
magazines in the U.S.
652
00:52:34,281 --> 00:52:37,849
Obviously, it also had
kind of a world audience
as well.
653
00:52:39,460 --> 00:52:41,810
"Life" meant that this is
important to America.
654
00:52:42,332 --> 00:52:43,725
It shocked people.
655
00:52:43,768 --> 00:52:45,596
For many Jews
656
00:52:45,640 --> 00:52:48,077
it meant the world was,
657
00:52:48,120 --> 00:52:49,992
for the first time really,
658
00:52:50,035 --> 00:52:53,300
taking notice
of what had happened.
659
00:52:53,343 --> 00:52:56,912
Suddenly the world
was looking at the tragedy
660
00:52:56,955 --> 00:52:59,915
that had destroyed
one out of every
three Jews alive
661
00:52:59,958 --> 00:53:02,309
on the face of the earth.
662
00:53:02,352 --> 00:53:04,267
Americans realized
that this man
663
00:53:04,311 --> 00:53:06,878
who is being tried
is really a monster.
664
00:53:08,445 --> 00:53:10,317
The article says,
665
00:53:10,360 --> 00:53:12,493
there are tapes of this man
talking about what he did,
666
00:53:12,536 --> 00:53:15,800
telling the stories
of what he did,
describing what he did.
667
00:53:21,241 --> 00:53:24,896
Everyone at least
who has the least bit
of interest in this topic:
668
00:53:24,940 --> 00:53:26,115
Where are these tapes?
669
00:53:31,120 --> 00:53:33,122
This is the smoking gun.
670
00:53:33,165 --> 00:53:36,473
If Eichmann says:
"I acted, I took action,
671
00:53:36,517 --> 00:53:38,475
I wanted, I planned,"
672
00:53:39,259 --> 00:53:41,304
he is no longer
just a bureaucrat
673
00:53:41,348 --> 00:53:43,959
shifting papers
from one place to the other.
674
00:53:44,002 --> 00:53:45,917
He changes things,
675
00:53:45,961 --> 00:53:47,223
embellishes them
676
00:53:47,876 --> 00:53:49,573
and sends them as a command.
677
00:53:50,313 --> 00:53:53,229
In this sense
he becomes the leader.
678
00:53:56,928 --> 00:53:58,190
MICHAEL GOLDMANN-GILEAD
[speaking German]
679
00:54:08,592 --> 00:54:11,116
LAWRENCE DOUGLAS [in English]:
When Hausner read
this interview,
680
00:54:11,160 --> 00:54:13,031
he immediately had to think,
"Oh my God,
681
00:54:13,075 --> 00:54:15,686
"there's a whole wealth
of information out there
682
00:54:15,730 --> 00:54:17,949
"that I don't yet
have access to
683
00:54:17,993 --> 00:54:20,212
"and how do I get
my hands on it?"
684
00:54:23,738 --> 00:54:28,133
Sassen, he bought himself
a fantastic car
with the money he made.
685
00:54:28,177 --> 00:54:29,874
He bought a Mercedes Benz.
686
00:54:31,876 --> 00:54:34,705
The Nazis
were still around
in Argentina.
687
00:54:35,358 --> 00:54:38,187
They moved against my father,
688
00:54:38,230 --> 00:54:41,451
because my father betrayed,
in their eyes.
689
00:54:42,409 --> 00:54:45,586
When the Eichmann story
blows into the public,
690
00:54:45,629 --> 00:54:47,631
I was 13.
691
00:54:47,675 --> 00:54:51,809
My mother decides to leave.
692
00:54:51,853 --> 00:54:53,202
She couldn't take it.
693
00:54:54,334 --> 00:54:57,815
And I suddenly was in charge
of the household.
694
00:54:57,859 --> 00:55:00,122
At 13.
695
00:55:00,165 --> 00:55:03,343
And my sister
was simply terrified.
696
00:55:03,386 --> 00:55:06,911
Suddenly there were like
three or five people
in my house
697
00:55:06,955 --> 00:55:08,086
with big guns
and I don't know what,
698
00:55:09,131 --> 00:55:13,004
they were Nazi affiliates.
699
00:55:13,048 --> 00:55:15,311
MAN [speaking German]
700
00:55:18,183 --> 00:55:21,056
MAN 2
701
00:55:23,014 --> 00:55:24,668
I wasn't afraid,
702
00:55:25,582 --> 00:55:28,237
but it was another kind
of experience that I had.
703
00:55:28,280 --> 00:55:31,762
It was more like...
closer to horror than to fear.
704
00:55:32,850 --> 00:55:34,461
[arguing]
705
00:55:34,504 --> 00:55:36,201
Among the intruders
706
00:55:36,245 --> 00:55:38,726
are the sons
of Adolf Eichmann.
707
00:55:38,769 --> 00:55:41,816
they demand to know
why Sassen
betrayed their father?
708
00:55:43,818 --> 00:55:45,428
Sassen shocks them,
709
00:55:45,472 --> 00:55:47,343
claiming that he had
the permission
710
00:55:47,387 --> 00:55:50,912
of their mother Vera
to sell the transcripts.
711
00:55:50,955 --> 00:55:53,436
Knowing their father's
defense strategy
is reliant
712
00:55:53,480 --> 00:55:57,353
on keeping the tapes
out of the hands
of Gideon Hausner,
713
00:55:57,397 --> 00:55:59,921
they demand to know
the location
of the recordings.
714
00:55:59,964 --> 00:56:02,532
Sassen denies knowing
their whereabouts.
715
00:56:02,576 --> 00:56:06,623
[arguing continues]
716
00:56:06,667 --> 00:56:10,453
Terrified, Sassen knows the
tapes could be the
prosecutor's smoking gun.
717
00:56:10,497 --> 00:56:12,629
He hides them
in a safe place.
718
00:56:12,673 --> 00:56:17,808
Can he keep the tapes away
from those looking
to use them against Eichmann?
719
00:56:17,852 --> 00:56:20,985
On the next episode
ofThe Devils'
720
00:56:21,029 --> 00:56:24,032
The Lost Eichmann Tapes
721
00:56:24,075 --> 00:56:26,382
Hausner focuses
on obtaining the transcripts
722
00:56:26,426 --> 00:56:28,906
used for the
Life Magazine article
723
00:56:28,950 --> 00:56:32,214
as the smoking gun
that will prove Eichmann's
guilt to the world.
724
00:56:34,695 --> 00:56:36,523
During a meeting
with his lawyer,
725
00:56:36,566 --> 00:56:38,307
Eichmann is passed
an encrypted code
726
00:56:38,350 --> 00:56:41,005
from the Nazi journalist
Willem Sassen
727
00:56:41,049 --> 00:56:42,790
that emboldens his defense.
728
00:56:44,531 --> 00:56:49,013
"Don't worry.
I've hidden the tapes."
729
00:56:49,057 --> 00:56:51,320
As the Berlin Wall
is being built
730
00:56:51,363 --> 00:56:54,105
and sides are taken
in the Cold War,
731
00:56:54,149 --> 00:56:56,891
West German officials fear
Eichmann's recordings
732
00:56:56,934 --> 00:57:01,504
will reveal
that their new government
is riddled with Nazis.
733
00:57:01,548 --> 00:57:04,333
The Germans
were very concerned.
734
00:57:04,376 --> 00:57:07,118
There were a lot of Nazis
who remained in positions
735
00:57:07,162 --> 00:57:09,947
of high power
within Germany itself.
736
00:57:09,991 --> 00:57:11,993
And the fledgling
State of Israel
737
00:57:12,036 --> 00:57:14,343
decides the security
of their country
738
00:57:14,386 --> 00:57:16,084
far outweighs the importance
739
00:57:16,127 --> 00:57:18,086
of Attorney General
Hausner's case
740
00:57:18,129 --> 00:57:19,348
against Eichmann.
741
00:57:23,787 --> 00:57:26,224
[closing theme music playing]
54925
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.