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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:26,634 --> 00:00:29,507 [dog barking in the distance] 2 00:00:29,550 --> 00:00:33,076 The family had to withdraw, you know, from the living room etc. 3 00:00:33,119 --> 00:00:35,817 because they were going to have this conversation. 4 00:00:35,861 --> 00:00:38,733 But we would open the door and we would listen. 5 00:00:38,777 --> 00:00:40,779 [door creaking] 6 00:00:42,346 --> 00:00:45,479 [indistinct chattering] 7 00:00:49,222 --> 00:00:53,096 My father recorded all that stuff. 8 00:00:56,534 --> 00:00:58,840 WILLEM SASSEN [speaking German] 9 00:01:33,136 --> 00:01:35,573 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 10 00:01:47,889 --> 00:01:51,980 [fly buzzing] 11 00:01:55,549 --> 00:01:56,550 [thuds] 12 00:01:58,030 --> 00:02:00,467 WOMAN [in English]: My sister and I 13 00:02:00,511 --> 00:02:03,166 detested the figure. 14 00:02:05,603 --> 00:02:09,128 The persona was so weird. 15 00:02:11,043 --> 00:02:12,305 Trouble. 16 00:02:12,349 --> 00:02:15,134 Always darkness. 17 00:02:16,570 --> 00:02:18,703 There was something about him that... 18 00:02:19,747 --> 00:02:21,749 the child could detect, 19 00:02:21,793 --> 00:02:24,448 something very negative, the child in me. 20 00:02:25,623 --> 00:02:27,015 MAN [speaking Hebrew] 21 00:02:33,108 --> 00:02:36,503 NARRATOR [in English]: Nazis have always denied their role in the Holocaust 22 00:02:36,547 --> 00:02:37,939 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 23 00:02:41,813 --> 00:02:44,468 NARRATOR [in English]: After the war, many fled Europe, 24 00:02:44,511 --> 00:02:48,733 including the architect of the Final Solution, Adolf Eichmann. 25 00:02:48,776 --> 00:02:51,257 He's practically the last important Nazi 26 00:02:51,301 --> 00:02:54,129 who arrived in Argentina after the war. 27 00:02:56,131 --> 00:02:57,959 While hiding in Argentina, 28 00:02:58,003 --> 00:03:00,048 Eichmann records a series of interviews 29 00:03:00,092 --> 00:03:02,137 with Nazi journalist Willem Sassen, 30 00:03:02,181 --> 00:03:04,792 admitting his role in the Holocaust. 31 00:03:04,836 --> 00:03:07,447 Sassen came up with this crazy idea 32 00:03:07,491 --> 00:03:10,015 that he would interview the mastermind of the Holocaust. 33 00:03:10,058 --> 00:03:13,453 This is him boasting about what he did. 34 00:03:13,497 --> 00:03:15,847 But after his capture by Israel, 35 00:03:15,890 --> 00:03:17,501 Eichmann denies everything... 36 00:03:17,544 --> 00:03:20,895 [speaking German] 37 00:03:24,943 --> 00:03:27,032 NARRATOR [in English]: Hoping the tapes will never be heard 38 00:03:27,075 --> 00:03:29,948 during his trial in Jerusalem. 39 00:03:29,991 --> 00:03:32,907 [speaking German] 40 00:03:38,522 --> 00:03:40,132 MAN [in English]: The story of the Eichmann Trial, 41 00:03:40,175 --> 00:03:41,960 60 years later, 42 00:03:42,003 --> 00:03:44,136 still not fully told. 43 00:03:44,179 --> 00:03:46,791 After mysteriously disappearing for years, 44 00:03:46,834 --> 00:03:48,836 the tapes are rediscovered 45 00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:50,838 and now, for the first time 46 00:03:50,882 --> 00:03:53,145 we'll hear Eichmann admitting his crimes... 47 00:03:53,188 --> 00:03:55,234 a true Nazi confession. 48 00:03:59,282 --> 00:04:04,243 [speaking German] 49 00:04:24,176 --> 00:04:26,309 REPORTER [in English]: I am standing in front of the courtroom 50 00:04:26,352 --> 00:04:29,660 where Eichmann is going to face his judges 51 00:04:29,703 --> 00:04:33,707 and as you see, there are a lot of people already very interested. 52 00:04:33,751 --> 00:04:36,580 People are coming and waiting outside this courtroom. 53 00:04:36,623 --> 00:04:38,930 Eichmann is in one of the rooms 54 00:04:38,973 --> 00:04:41,062 on the fourth floor, we think, 55 00:04:41,106 --> 00:04:43,717 and as you see, it's very heavily guarded, the building. 56 00:04:43,761 --> 00:04:45,502 I don't think there have ever been so many 57 00:04:45,545 --> 00:04:48,026 correspondents and writers, and observers 58 00:04:48,069 --> 00:04:52,030 on any story since the war, not even the Nuremberg Trial. 59 00:05:02,736 --> 00:05:07,219 PROF. This trial was of critical importance. 60 00:05:07,262 --> 00:05:09,874 It was the beginning of the process 61 00:05:09,917 --> 00:05:12,006 of the emergence of the Holocaust 62 00:05:12,050 --> 00:05:13,791 from the shadows of history. 63 00:05:13,834 --> 00:05:16,359 [chattering] 64 00:05:23,888 --> 00:05:26,673 DR.The trial begins on the 11th of April. 65 00:05:26,717 --> 00:05:28,893 This man is standing before the court 66 00:05:28,936 --> 00:05:32,200 and also before the many expectations of the audience. 67 00:05:32,244 --> 00:05:34,725 All they heard about the crimes he was accused of 68 00:05:34,768 --> 00:05:38,337 was so extreme that no image of a human befitted them. 69 00:05:40,818 --> 00:05:42,820 MAN [speaking Hebrew] 70 00:06:03,493 --> 00:06:06,017 DEBORAH LIPSTADT [in English]: Gideon Hausner was a commercial lawyer. 71 00:06:06,496 --> 00:06:08,585 He was chosen to be Attorney General. 72 00:06:08,628 --> 00:06:10,935 He comes into office 73 00:06:10,978 --> 00:06:14,721 and he is relentless to getting this story out. 74 00:06:15,940 --> 00:06:17,768 GIDEON HAUSNER [speaking Hebrew] 75 00:06:28,692 --> 00:06:31,564 [in English] "The prince of darkness is a gentleman." 76 00:06:31,608 --> 00:06:34,349 [speaking Hebrew] 77 00:06:57,460 --> 00:06:58,896 [speaking German] 78 00:06:58,939 --> 00:07:01,725 [speaking Hebrew] 79 00:07:26,053 --> 00:07:28,403 MAN [in English]: Eichmann, in many ways, 80 00:07:28,447 --> 00:07:30,318 was the Chief Logistical Officer 81 00:07:30,362 --> 00:07:33,887 overseeing deportations of Jewish persons, 82 00:07:33,931 --> 00:07:37,456 largely from Western Europe, to killing centers. 83 00:07:37,500 --> 00:07:39,850 He does this with full awareness 84 00:07:39,893 --> 00:07:41,808 that the result of deporting 85 00:07:41,852 --> 00:07:43,810 is that they're going to be killed. 86 00:07:43,854 --> 00:07:47,945 MOSHE LANDAU [speaking Hebrew] 87 00:07:51,557 --> 00:07:53,907 [speaking German] 88 00:07:53,951 --> 00:07:56,040 [murmuring] 89 00:07:57,868 --> 00:08:01,219 WOMAN [in English]: Eichmann refused to accept any guilt on himself. 90 00:08:01,262 --> 00:08:03,047 He was a civil servant, 91 00:08:03,090 --> 00:08:05,571 the laws of Germany are as they are 92 00:08:05,615 --> 00:08:09,357 and he tried to detach himself completely 93 00:08:09,401 --> 00:08:11,359 from the ideological dimension. 94 00:08:12,578 --> 00:08:16,539 GIDEON HAUSNER [speaking Hebrew] 95 00:08:30,553 --> 00:08:33,120 [in English] Eichmann continually insisted 96 00:08:33,164 --> 00:08:35,427 that he was simply following orders. 97 00:08:35,470 --> 00:08:38,038 [speaking German] 98 00:08:41,825 --> 00:08:43,435 NARRATOR [in English]: Eichmann's appearance in court 99 00:08:43,478 --> 00:08:45,698 and the crimes attributed to him 100 00:08:45,742 --> 00:08:49,354 catch the attention of both the public and the press. 101 00:08:49,397 --> 00:08:52,487 Among the many journalists who go to Israel to cover the trial, 102 00:08:52,531 --> 00:08:56,361 is the famous Jewish writer and Holocaust survivor Hannah Arendt, 103 00:08:56,404 --> 00:08:59,582 who reports on the proceedings for the New Yorker magazine. 104 00:09:03,063 --> 00:09:05,413 Arendt expects to find a devilish killer 105 00:09:05,457 --> 00:09:07,720 with a strong hatred of Jews, 106 00:09:07,764 --> 00:09:09,853 but surprisingly sees a man whose appearance 107 00:09:09,896 --> 00:09:13,117 does not match the crimes attributed to him. 108 00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:16,381 She describes the moral gap between his bureaucratic demeanor 109 00:09:16,424 --> 00:09:17,991 and the atrocities he committed 110 00:09:18,035 --> 00:09:21,081 with the term "the banality of evil." 111 00:09:25,216 --> 00:09:28,175 I think Eichmann tricked basically everyone. 112 00:09:30,221 --> 00:09:34,704 We had 400 reporters in the courtroom, like Hannah Arendt, 113 00:09:35,835 --> 00:09:39,056 and I didn't see a single report in which someone said, 114 00:09:39,099 --> 00:09:40,710 "You can tell that he did it." 115 00:09:40,753 --> 00:09:44,365 Instead, they said, "Wow, who is this?" 116 00:09:48,108 --> 00:09:49,936 NARRATOR [in English]: So, who is the real Eichmann? 117 00:09:49,980 --> 00:09:52,025 Is he simply a soldier obeying orders 118 00:09:52,069 --> 00:09:54,549 as he presents himself in the Israeli court? 119 00:09:55,725 --> 00:09:57,552 Or is he the fervent Nazi 120 00:09:57,596 --> 00:09:59,511 that Hausner is trying to prove him to be? 121 00:10:01,731 --> 00:10:04,429 The missing evidence, from four years earlier in Buenos Aires, 122 00:10:04,472 --> 00:10:06,387 as he boasts to his fellow Nazis, 123 00:10:06,431 --> 00:10:07,911 reveals the truth. 124 00:10:11,741 --> 00:10:14,439 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German, on recorder] 125 00:10:41,814 --> 00:10:45,296 ADOLF EICHMANN 126 00:10:59,005 --> 00:11:02,661 NARRATOR [in English]: On the recordings, Eichmann criticizes other Nazis 127 00:11:02,705 --> 00:11:05,098 captured by the Allies after the war 128 00:11:05,142 --> 00:11:08,275 who deny responsibility for their actions. 129 00:11:12,062 --> 00:11:13,890 To understand Eichmann's rationale 130 00:11:13,933 --> 00:11:16,327 for participating in these conversations, 131 00:11:16,370 --> 00:11:20,418 one needs to examine his character and life after 1945. 132 00:11:27,512 --> 00:11:30,776 In April-May 1945, 133 00:11:30,820 --> 00:11:34,214 there was not much left of the Third Reich. 134 00:11:35,999 --> 00:11:38,131 The Nazis realize it's over 135 00:11:38,175 --> 00:11:41,091 and they're trying to figure out what to do next. 136 00:11:42,875 --> 00:11:46,487 Eichmann must have understood, because of what he did, 137 00:11:46,531 --> 00:11:50,753 that he is wanted by the Allies. 138 00:11:51,841 --> 00:11:54,104 And so he tried to get to an area 139 00:11:54,147 --> 00:11:56,280 still controlled by Nazi forces, 140 00:11:56,323 --> 00:11:58,586 the last holdout, so to speak, 141 00:11:59,631 --> 00:12:03,548 and particularly popular were the mountains of Austria, 142 00:12:03,591 --> 00:12:05,071 the Austrian Alps. 143 00:12:16,039 --> 00:12:17,910 Like many of his fellow Nazis, 144 00:12:17,954 --> 00:12:20,217 Eichmann flees to his former home, 145 00:12:20,260 --> 00:12:23,524 the last stronghold of the Third Reich. 146 00:12:23,568 --> 00:12:24,787 He feels protected there, 147 00:12:24,830 --> 00:12:26,484 but very quickly discovers 148 00:12:26,527 --> 00:12:28,747 he cannot escape his involvement 149 00:12:28,791 --> 00:12:30,793 in the crimes he committed during the war. 150 00:12:33,883 --> 00:12:38,278 Even his own comrades of the SS, his own superiors, 151 00:12:38,322 --> 00:12:40,454 wanted to get rid of him, 152 00:12:40,498 --> 00:12:43,370 because he was so obviously involved 153 00:12:43,414 --> 00:12:47,200 in the mass murder of the European Jews and had blood on his hands. 154 00:12:52,423 --> 00:12:54,729 Eichmann secures forged identity papers 155 00:12:54,773 --> 00:12:56,557 with plans to escape the country, 156 00:12:56,601 --> 00:12:58,472 but is caught by the Allies. 157 00:13:00,735 --> 00:13:02,912 Eichmann was arrested by the Americans 158 00:13:02,955 --> 00:13:05,392 and he was held in a prisoner of war camp. 159 00:13:07,220 --> 00:13:11,790 The Americans had about 3 million Nazis prisoners at that time. 160 00:13:11,834 --> 00:13:14,749 So Eichmann was just one more among those many millions. 161 00:13:18,928 --> 00:13:21,582 There was an incredible number of soldiers imprisoned 162 00:13:21,626 --> 00:13:24,629 and he pretended to have a very low military rank. 163 00:13:24,672 --> 00:13:28,502 At the time, photos were not at all as common as they are today, 164 00:13:28,546 --> 00:13:31,462 so it was relatively easy to remain unidentified. 165 00:13:34,595 --> 00:13:39,122 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German, on recorder] 166 00:14:00,795 --> 00:14:03,276 WILLEM SASSEN [on recorder] 167 00:14:06,453 --> 00:14:09,892 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 168 00:14:32,001 --> 00:14:36,875 UKI GONI [in English]: He managed to forge an ID in the name of Otto Eckmann 169 00:14:36,919 --> 00:14:39,182 while he was being held by the Americans. 170 00:14:39,791 --> 00:14:43,229 So he was fairly safe at that moment. 171 00:14:43,273 --> 00:14:45,318 No one was looking for him. 172 00:14:45,362 --> 00:14:48,800 Until his name came up in the Nuremberg Trials. 173 00:14:48,843 --> 00:14:51,324 Attention! Tribunal! 174 00:14:51,368 --> 00:14:54,066 Judges from Britain, America, Russia and France 175 00:14:54,110 --> 00:14:55,850 assembled in Nuremberg's courthouse. 176 00:14:56,634 --> 00:14:58,375 The Nuremberg Trial 177 00:14:58,418 --> 00:15:00,768 that is the trial of the major Nazi war criminals 178 00:15:00,812 --> 00:15:04,685 that took place between 1945 and 1946. 179 00:15:04,729 --> 00:15:09,342 This was the first international criminal trial in human history 180 00:15:09,386 --> 00:15:11,475 dealing with spectacular crimes. 181 00:15:12,128 --> 00:15:15,566 Eichmann is mentioned surprisingly often in the Nuremberg Trials. 182 00:15:15,609 --> 00:15:17,829 We hear about what he was involved with 183 00:15:17,872 --> 00:15:20,745 and that he was the main contact for Hitler's favorite project, 184 00:15:20,788 --> 00:15:22,834 the extermination of Jews. 185 00:15:24,270 --> 00:15:26,881 [speaking German] 186 00:15:39,764 --> 00:15:42,071 UKI GONI [in English]: In the Nuremberg Trials his name was mentioned. 187 00:15:42,114 --> 00:15:44,116 That appeared in the newspapers the next day. 188 00:15:44,160 --> 00:15:45,988 The next day he was gone. 189 00:15:46,031 --> 00:15:48,860 He escaped from the American prisoner of war camp. 190 00:15:50,166 --> 00:15:52,342 Being held by the Americans was much better 191 00:15:52,385 --> 00:15:53,865 than being held by the Russians. 192 00:15:53,908 --> 00:15:56,650 So it was not difficult to escape 193 00:15:56,694 --> 00:15:59,262 from the American prisoner of war camp. 194 00:15:59,305 --> 00:16:01,351 Many Nazis did. 195 00:16:01,394 --> 00:16:03,309 [clicking] 196 00:16:04,919 --> 00:16:06,878 Eichmann tells Sassen in Argentina 197 00:16:06,921 --> 00:16:08,706 the story of the strange escape route 198 00:16:08,749 --> 00:16:10,490 he used to avoid capture. 199 00:16:12,492 --> 00:16:14,016 WILLEM SASSEN [speaking German, on recorder] 200 00:16:17,019 --> 00:16:19,499 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German, on recorder] 201 00:17:10,637 --> 00:17:12,857 [birds chirping] 202 00:17:16,165 --> 00:17:17,992 UKI GONI [in English]: Eichmann had thought 203 00:17:18,036 --> 00:17:19,168 that if enough time went by, 204 00:17:19,211 --> 00:17:21,257 his name would be forgotten 205 00:17:21,300 --> 00:17:23,737 and he would be able to live a normal life in Germany. 206 00:17:31,963 --> 00:17:35,532 Eichmann believes he will be able to stay in hiding for years. 207 00:17:35,575 --> 00:17:37,273 He is surprised to discover 208 00:17:37,316 --> 00:17:39,492 that the genocide of the Jewish people 209 00:17:39,536 --> 00:17:41,538 continues to preoccupy the world, even in Germany 210 00:17:41,581 --> 00:17:43,366 where the public is slowly realizing 211 00:17:43,409 --> 00:17:45,150 the scope of the crimes committed 212 00:17:45,194 --> 00:17:47,065 and hoping to put the past behind them. 213 00:17:51,287 --> 00:17:53,158 Eichmann looks for a new hiding place 214 00:17:53,202 --> 00:17:55,334 and decides to leave his family behind 215 00:17:55,378 --> 00:17:57,119 to take advantage of the Nazis' 216 00:17:57,162 --> 00:17:59,643 well-known escape route to Argentina. 217 00:18:01,384 --> 00:18:05,475 [slow music playing] 218 00:18:07,868 --> 00:18:09,870 At the end of WWII, 219 00:18:09,914 --> 00:18:14,092 Juan Peron and Eva Duarte Peron see an opportunity 220 00:18:14,136 --> 00:18:16,660 to take in people with scientific, 221 00:18:16,703 --> 00:18:20,925 technological and engineering training from Germany, 222 00:18:21,578 --> 00:18:26,017 people who supported the Nazi regime or served in the German army, 223 00:18:26,060 --> 00:18:27,801 and at the end of the war 224 00:18:27,845 --> 00:18:29,760 they want to get as far away as they can 225 00:18:29,803 --> 00:18:31,501 from the "crime scene." 226 00:18:37,724 --> 00:18:39,161 And many asked the same question, 227 00:18:39,204 --> 00:18:42,773 why did the Allies not just stop 228 00:18:42,816 --> 00:18:45,341 this escape route? 229 00:18:45,384 --> 00:18:47,081 It could have been easy. 230 00:18:47,125 --> 00:18:49,301 They knew everything, they knew the players, 231 00:18:49,345 --> 00:18:51,521 they knew the structures, they knew the institutions involved. 232 00:18:53,131 --> 00:18:57,744 I think at some point they focused their energy 233 00:18:57,788 --> 00:18:59,790 on the new enemy. 234 00:18:59,833 --> 00:19:04,098 And the new enemy was Communism and the Soviet Union 235 00:19:04,142 --> 00:19:05,883 and not the Nazis anymore. 236 00:19:08,538 --> 00:19:10,496 If you're not a Communist, 237 00:19:10,540 --> 00:19:12,542 who cares if in the past you sinned? 238 00:19:18,112 --> 00:19:19,897 So there was no one internationally 239 00:19:19,940 --> 00:19:22,900 that applied any pressure on Argentina 240 00:19:22,943 --> 00:19:25,163 or tried to prevent the entry of people 241 00:19:25,207 --> 00:19:28,862 who were involved or at least suspected of involvement 242 00:19:28,906 --> 00:19:30,212 in war crimes. 243 00:19:34,303 --> 00:19:37,088 Eichmann gets a new identity 244 00:19:37,131 --> 00:19:39,612 by the name of Ricardo Klement 245 00:19:39,656 --> 00:19:43,007 with the help of the Vatican Aid Commission for Refugees. 246 00:19:43,050 --> 00:19:46,010 We have proof that in some cases 247 00:19:46,053 --> 00:19:49,970 they know exactly who these people were and who they were helping. 248 00:19:50,014 --> 00:19:53,844 And very often, they did not have to hide their backgrounds. 249 00:19:53,887 --> 00:19:57,761 And when you look at the application forms of these various criminals, 250 00:19:57,804 --> 00:20:01,417 they wouldn't say, "I'm an expert in torturing people," 251 00:20:01,460 --> 00:20:03,027 or "I'm a mass murderer," 252 00:20:03,070 --> 00:20:05,072 or "I'm an expert for deporting people 253 00:20:05,116 --> 00:20:06,335 to extermination camps." 254 00:20:06,378 --> 00:20:07,292 Of course not. 255 00:20:09,425 --> 00:20:13,603 He has the ability to transform from a rigid-looking SS man 256 00:20:13,646 --> 00:20:16,258 to a somewhat sloppy-looking bureaucrat. 257 00:20:33,013 --> 00:20:34,537 Eichmann, when he arrived, 258 00:20:34,580 --> 00:20:37,975 was received at the dock by Carlos Fuldner, 259 00:20:38,932 --> 00:20:41,195 who was another SS man. 260 00:20:43,328 --> 00:20:46,070 So the idea that these Nazis lived 261 00:20:46,113 --> 00:20:50,074 in secrecy in Argentina was not true. 262 00:20:50,117 --> 00:20:52,946 I lived a couple of years in Buenos Aires as a kid 263 00:20:52,990 --> 00:20:55,209 and my neighbor was Carlos Fuldner, 264 00:20:55,253 --> 00:20:59,213 the SS officer who helped Eichmann 265 00:20:59,257 --> 00:21:01,868 and probably hundreds of other Nazis escape. 266 00:21:02,652 --> 00:21:07,309 [German music playing] 267 00:21:07,352 --> 00:21:11,443 Eichmann becomes part of the ex-Nazi community in Argentina. 268 00:21:11,487 --> 00:21:15,142 He gets a job as an assistant to an engineering crew in the Andes. 269 00:21:17,928 --> 00:21:20,757 Finally, he feels that his life is back on track. 270 00:21:26,023 --> 00:21:27,764 But at some point, 271 00:21:27,807 --> 00:21:29,896 his luck seems to have taken a turn for the worse 272 00:21:29,940 --> 00:21:33,030 and he was left without any real job and he started... 273 00:21:33,073 --> 00:21:35,249 He had a laundry firm, 274 00:21:35,293 --> 00:21:37,339 he worked in a rabbit farm 275 00:21:38,514 --> 00:21:40,951 until, towards the end 276 00:21:40,994 --> 00:21:45,042 he managed to work for a real company again, which was for Mercedes Benz. 277 00:21:50,047 --> 00:21:52,571 He is profoundly frustrated. 278 00:21:52,615 --> 00:21:57,228 He feels like someone whom history and destiny have marginalized 279 00:21:57,271 --> 00:22:00,274 and that this is something he does not deserve. 280 00:22:03,408 --> 00:22:05,018 Eichmann said that he suffered most 281 00:22:05,062 --> 00:22:06,716 from becoming anonymous. 282 00:22:08,631 --> 00:22:09,980 This is unfathomable! 283 00:22:10,023 --> 00:22:11,416 For him, it was horrible 284 00:22:11,460 --> 00:22:14,114 not being able to be "Eichmann." 285 00:22:15,420 --> 00:22:17,988 So this was the time when he 286 00:22:18,031 --> 00:22:20,991 connected with Sassen, Willem Sassen, 287 00:22:21,644 --> 00:22:25,343 who was a propaganda officer from the Netherlands 288 00:22:25,387 --> 00:22:29,086 um, who also lived in Buenos Aires. 289 00:22:29,869 --> 00:22:33,569 Now, the question is, who is Willem Sassen? 290 00:22:33,612 --> 00:22:37,486 And Willem Sassen, he's an absolutely Hollywood figure. 291 00:22:38,400 --> 00:22:41,577 A Dutch journalist at the time of the war. 292 00:22:41,620 --> 00:22:44,057 Goöbbels, the Nazi minister of propaganda, 293 00:22:44,101 --> 00:22:48,932 sent him to the Russian front where Willem Sassen sent radio reports. 294 00:22:48,975 --> 00:22:51,891 WILLEM SASSEN [speaking German] 295 00:22:55,286 --> 00:22:58,724 [in English] After the war, Willem Sassen was arrested in Holland 296 00:22:58,768 --> 00:23:01,379 for treason, of course, because he'd become an SS. 297 00:23:02,206 --> 00:23:06,471 He managed to escape to Buenos Aires on this tiny ship 298 00:23:06,515 --> 00:23:08,473 and set himself up as a journalist 299 00:23:08,517 --> 00:23:10,823 and as a publisher in Argentina, 300 00:23:10,867 --> 00:23:13,609 publishing books for other Nazis who lived here. 301 00:23:15,611 --> 00:23:19,005 He had already been in Argentina for three years. 302 00:23:19,049 --> 00:23:21,268 He had close ties with the Nazis 303 00:23:21,312 --> 00:23:22,792 because he was a Nazi himself. 304 00:23:23,619 --> 00:23:28,058 So if one has a political agenda like restoring Nazism, 305 00:23:28,101 --> 00:23:32,323 then you need allies, and in this regard Eichmann was the jackpot. 306 00:23:37,154 --> 00:23:41,550 Eichmann met Sassen at the ABC restaurant. 307 00:23:41,593 --> 00:23:46,511 It was a German community restaurant in downtown Buenos Aires. 308 00:23:46,990 --> 00:23:50,428 The waiters clicked their heels like in military fashion, 309 00:23:50,472 --> 00:23:54,998 saluted the Nazis who went for lunch there. 310 00:23:55,041 --> 00:23:57,957 The men meet occasionally until the mid-1950s 311 00:23:58,001 --> 00:24:00,482 when a series of groundbreaking books are published 312 00:24:00,525 --> 00:24:02,353 that reveal for the first time 313 00:24:02,396 --> 00:24:05,530 the original documents, certificates and minutes 314 00:24:05,574 --> 00:24:09,708 that catalog the Holocaust inflicted on the Jewish people in Europe. 315 00:24:09,752 --> 00:24:12,711 Sassen manages to locate copies of the books 316 00:24:12,755 --> 00:24:15,105 and has them delivered to him in Argentina. 317 00:24:22,068 --> 00:24:25,419 Then these Nazis in Argentina encountered a problem. 318 00:24:29,293 --> 00:24:33,166 They wondered how it could be that these crimes actually took place. 319 00:24:35,821 --> 00:24:37,780 They felt disturbed when they were told 320 00:24:37,823 --> 00:24:40,478 that little children were sent to the gas chambers. 321 00:24:41,566 --> 00:24:44,003 This crime took place in front of everyone, 322 00:24:46,484 --> 00:24:49,182 but the whole dimension of it and the actual dirty work 323 00:24:49,226 --> 00:24:51,054 weren't visible to everyone. 324 00:24:52,316 --> 00:24:53,926 Sassen at first assumes 325 00:24:53,970 --> 00:24:56,450 that the mass murder of the Jews is a lie. 326 00:24:59,323 --> 00:25:02,413 Then he looked for somebody who knew about these things 327 00:25:02,456 --> 00:25:05,285 and, in that respect, Eichmann was a gift. 328 00:25:07,374 --> 00:25:09,942 Sassen came up with this crazy idea 329 00:25:09,986 --> 00:25:12,379 that he would interview the mastermind of the Holocaust 330 00:25:12,423 --> 00:25:14,164 and in Sassen's mind 331 00:25:14,207 --> 00:25:17,950 the idea was that Eichmann would prove 332 00:25:17,994 --> 00:25:22,781 that Hitler had nothing to do with the extermination of the Jews. 333 00:25:22,825 --> 00:25:25,262 Unfortunately for Sassen and his friends, 334 00:25:25,305 --> 00:25:28,961 Eichmann insisted that, of course, Hitler knew. [laughs] 335 00:25:36,578 --> 00:25:38,492 The Nazis burned books, 336 00:25:38,536 --> 00:25:41,017 but not because they hated books. 337 00:25:41,060 --> 00:25:44,194 They wanted to empty shelves for their own books. 338 00:25:44,237 --> 00:25:47,893 Eichmann dreamt very early, in his 30s, of writing books. 339 00:25:47,937 --> 00:25:49,939 He finds it meaningful. 340 00:25:49,982 --> 00:25:52,985 It is part of his understanding of being cultured. 341 00:25:54,291 --> 00:25:58,164 And in Argentina, he suddenly gets the opportunity through Sassen. 342 00:25:59,905 --> 00:26:02,299 And also to earn some money for the family. 343 00:26:06,477 --> 00:26:09,306 They meet every weekend and sit together for hours. 344 00:26:09,349 --> 00:26:12,265 Five, six, seven hours. 345 00:26:12,309 --> 00:26:14,833 The gentlemen sit together and discuss. 346 00:26:15,704 --> 00:26:18,228 This was kind of a public event 347 00:26:18,271 --> 00:26:20,317 where other Nazis went to. 348 00:26:20,360 --> 00:26:22,362 Very high ranking Nazis. 349 00:26:23,973 --> 00:26:26,323 [chattering] 350 00:26:35,419 --> 00:26:37,464 Eichmann was a celebrity. 351 00:26:37,508 --> 00:26:40,119 People fought to be close to him. 352 00:26:40,163 --> 00:26:44,167 He was always being asked, "Tell me, what happened in Auschwitz?" 353 00:26:47,257 --> 00:26:49,302 There's 67 reels of tape. 354 00:26:49,651 --> 00:26:52,044 A lot of the tapes were taped over. 355 00:26:52,088 --> 00:26:55,569 At the time when Sassen was conducting these interviews, 356 00:26:55,613 --> 00:26:58,224 these audiotapes were somewhat expensive. 357 00:26:58,268 --> 00:27:00,879 [voices on recorder] 358 00:27:00,923 --> 00:27:03,490 [typewriter clacking] 359 00:27:06,493 --> 00:27:08,582 They recorded the conversations 360 00:27:08,626 --> 00:27:10,715 and then transcribed them to paper, 361 00:27:10,759 --> 00:27:13,370 then rerecorded more, transcribed again. 362 00:27:21,247 --> 00:27:24,381 And thus, they were left with a few thousand pages. 363 00:27:27,601 --> 00:27:30,517 Obviously, Eichmann is flattered when he's told, 364 00:27:30,561 --> 00:27:32,084 "We need you." 365 00:27:32,128 --> 00:27:34,086 He is a specialist once again. 366 00:27:34,130 --> 00:27:36,915 He again is "The Jew Expert." 367 00:27:38,351 --> 00:27:41,746 This was the first time anyone had taken an interest in him. 368 00:27:41,790 --> 00:27:43,835 "Herr Eichmann, tell me what you did." 369 00:27:43,879 --> 00:27:47,143 He's very happy anyone even wants to listen. 370 00:27:47,186 --> 00:27:49,580 So he blossoms. He flourishes. 371 00:27:49,623 --> 00:27:52,061 He suddenly returns to his good old days, 372 00:27:52,104 --> 00:27:56,021 the most beautiful time in his life, as he himself defined it. 373 00:27:56,065 --> 00:28:00,199 And thereafter, he loosens all the restrictions he imposed on himself 374 00:28:00,243 --> 00:28:02,245 and he went with it. 375 00:28:07,206 --> 00:28:11,428 Eichmann says, "Yes, this is all real. Wonderful, 376 00:28:11,471 --> 00:28:13,386 I haven't seen this in a long time. 377 00:28:13,909 --> 00:28:17,260 This is Heydrich's signature, it's all so nice." 378 00:28:17,303 --> 00:28:19,741 It makes him happy to see all his things again. 379 00:28:19,784 --> 00:28:21,481 He even finds his signature, 380 00:28:21,525 --> 00:28:24,180 which is obviously very important to him. 381 00:28:24,833 --> 00:28:27,705 And he also, and this is the biggest problem, 382 00:28:27,749 --> 00:28:30,142 he is proud of his life's work. 383 00:28:30,186 --> 00:28:31,840 And the life work of Mr. Eichmann 384 00:28:31,883 --> 00:28:34,364 consists of mass murder of Jews. 385 00:28:39,848 --> 00:28:41,501 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German, on recorder] 386 00:29:38,471 --> 00:29:40,560 MAN [in English]: It is just striking 387 00:29:40,604 --> 00:29:43,128 that Sassen, for whatever reason, 388 00:29:44,129 --> 00:29:47,567 decided to continue taping Eichmann 389 00:29:47,611 --> 00:29:50,832 even once he understood 390 00:29:50,875 --> 00:29:54,879 that Eichmann was not about to deny 391 00:29:56,402 --> 00:30:00,754 the nature of the Holocaust and his role in it. 392 00:30:00,798 --> 00:30:04,584 [suspenseful music playing] 393 00:30:18,337 --> 00:30:23,125 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 394 00:31:15,481 --> 00:31:19,790 WILLEM SASSEN [speaking German] 395 00:31:41,812 --> 00:31:43,814 NARRATOR [in English]: On the recordings, Eichmann elaborates 396 00:31:43,857 --> 00:31:45,903 about his work during the war, 397 00:31:45,947 --> 00:31:48,645 freely answering the questions asked by Sassen. 398 00:31:51,865 --> 00:31:53,955 Four years later, in the Israeli court, 399 00:31:53,998 --> 00:31:55,957 he sounds like a different man. 400 00:31:58,046 --> 00:32:01,484 [speaking Hebrew] 401 00:32:09,405 --> 00:32:11,233 [speaking German] 402 00:32:19,458 --> 00:32:22,418 [speaking Hebrew] 403 00:32:25,160 --> 00:32:27,466 [speaking German] 404 00:32:41,698 --> 00:32:46,572 [speaking Hebrew] 405 00:32:53,492 --> 00:32:56,756 [speaking German] 406 00:33:33,141 --> 00:33:35,360 GIDEON HAUSNER [in English]: I was aware 407 00:33:35,404 --> 00:33:40,104 that he is following the old line of many other Nazi criminals 408 00:33:40,148 --> 00:33:43,107 who didn't have the courage 409 00:33:43,151 --> 00:33:46,893 to stand up in court and admit their guilt. 410 00:33:48,330 --> 00:33:51,028 So, in order somehow 411 00:33:51,072 --> 00:33:55,902 to minimize the enormousness of their deed, 412 00:33:55,946 --> 00:34:00,298 they were trying by small lies 413 00:34:00,342 --> 00:34:01,995 to hide 414 00:34:02,866 --> 00:34:06,870 at least part of the most hideous deeds. 415 00:34:10,482 --> 00:34:12,876 Gideon Hausner as Attorney General 416 00:34:12,919 --> 00:34:15,096 was the prosecutor in the Eichmann trial. 417 00:34:15,139 --> 00:34:18,273 He got the job as soon as he took office as Attorney General. 418 00:34:18,316 --> 00:34:20,449 He wanted it to be the Nuremberg Trial 419 00:34:20,492 --> 00:34:23,147 of the Jewish people, for the Jewish people. 420 00:35:04,362 --> 00:35:06,799 You see, actually, I was aware all the time 421 00:35:06,843 --> 00:35:09,150 that there were two trials going on- 422 00:35:10,238 --> 00:35:11,674 one in Jerusalem 423 00:35:12,196 --> 00:35:15,373 where we were trying Eichmann, 424 00:35:15,417 --> 00:35:17,984 and the other in the world's public opinion, 425 00:35:18,028 --> 00:35:20,291 uh, with the proceedings 426 00:35:21,336 --> 00:35:23,033 televised throughout the world. 427 00:35:26,776 --> 00:35:29,082 I was well aware of this, 428 00:35:29,126 --> 00:35:32,042 that every word I say, every movement I make, 429 00:35:32,085 --> 00:35:36,307 is recorded and commented upon the next day 430 00:35:36,351 --> 00:35:37,787 in very many countries. 431 00:35:39,876 --> 00:35:43,488 In the Eichmann Trial, I was working as assistant 432 00:35:43,532 --> 00:35:45,229 to the television director. 433 00:35:45,273 --> 00:35:47,927 The trial had to be shown to the world. 434 00:35:47,971 --> 00:35:49,407 The trouble was, 435 00:35:49,451 --> 00:35:50,974 there's no television in Israel, 436 00:35:51,017 --> 00:35:52,323 that was the crazy thing. 437 00:35:52,889 --> 00:35:56,066 So they had brought over a team from London 438 00:35:56,109 --> 00:35:59,330 and decided to film the trial with four cameras. 439 00:35:59,939 --> 00:36:02,725 It then went out all over the world. 440 00:36:03,334 --> 00:36:06,207 Now remember, we're talking of 1961 441 00:36:06,250 --> 00:36:10,907 and there was very, very little information out at that stage. 442 00:36:10,950 --> 00:36:14,084 So the purpose of the trial was to show the world, "Look, 443 00:36:14,127 --> 00:36:15,912 six million Jews died. 444 00:36:15,955 --> 00:36:17,609 This is how it happened." 445 00:36:19,394 --> 00:36:21,918 During the actual filming of the trial, 446 00:36:22,353 --> 00:36:24,181 well this is the main question- 447 00:36:24,225 --> 00:36:26,749 Who is the real Adolf Eichmann? 448 00:36:26,792 --> 00:36:28,577 What is he feeling? 449 00:36:29,926 --> 00:36:32,494 Can we see anything in his face? 450 00:36:33,886 --> 00:36:38,282 You know, I keep coming in for a closeup on him to see what he's feeling. 451 00:36:38,326 --> 00:36:40,937 In practice he showed nothing. 452 00:36:40,980 --> 00:36:44,114 He showed no feelings at all. 453 00:36:48,074 --> 00:36:51,948 The speculation about Eichmann's character continues to this day. 454 00:36:53,384 --> 00:36:55,473 Is he an evil idealist 455 00:36:55,517 --> 00:36:58,041 or a simple bureaucrat carrying out orders 456 00:36:58,084 --> 00:37:00,304 in the service of the Nazi regime, 457 00:37:00,348 --> 00:37:01,914 as Hannah Arendt claimed? 458 00:37:04,482 --> 00:37:08,834 HANNAH ARENDT [speaking German] 459 00:37:25,895 --> 00:37:29,333 [in English] She thinks that Eichmann believes that what he's doing 460 00:37:29,377 --> 00:37:32,380 is simply complying with the law of the day, 461 00:37:32,423 --> 00:37:34,120 and I think that is unfortunate, 462 00:37:34,164 --> 00:37:36,297 because I think that is a misleading filter. 463 00:37:39,387 --> 00:37:42,259 In terms of theory, I think it is a good theory. 464 00:37:42,303 --> 00:37:46,611 I think it explains quite a few people who were in the Nazi regime. 465 00:37:46,655 --> 00:37:49,222 But her theory did not fit Eichmann. 466 00:37:49,266 --> 00:37:50,920 You cannot make the distinction 467 00:37:50,963 --> 00:37:54,097 between his war on the Jews and his career. 468 00:37:54,140 --> 00:37:57,143 It has become basically one and the same. 469 00:37:58,797 --> 00:38:02,801 MAN 2 [speaking German] 470 00:38:29,175 --> 00:38:32,440 [in English] I suppose there's a very interesting question we can ask, 471 00:38:32,483 --> 00:38:37,227 which is whether Hannah Arendt would have changed her tune 472 00:38:37,270 --> 00:38:42,798 if she had been able to, um, hear the Sassen tapes. 473 00:38:42,841 --> 00:38:48,325 On the tapes, Eichmann confirms his strong belief in the Nazi cause. 474 00:38:48,369 --> 00:38:52,242 He admits he was not only a bureaucrat, but also an idealist. 475 00:38:56,855 --> 00:38:58,640 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 476 00:39:50,648 --> 00:39:53,129 UKI GONI [in English]: This was not done in hiding, 477 00:39:53,172 --> 00:39:56,437 in a secret cave, high up in the Andes, 478 00:39:56,480 --> 00:39:59,483 or hidden away in the Amazonian jungle. 479 00:39:59,527 --> 00:40:02,268 This was done in suburban Buenos Aires 480 00:40:02,312 --> 00:40:04,445 in the full view of all their neighbors. 481 00:40:06,490 --> 00:40:10,015 In the tapes, you can hear Sassen's daughter 482 00:40:10,059 --> 00:40:11,452 playing in the background. 483 00:40:13,932 --> 00:40:15,717 My sister and I were always singing. 484 00:40:15,760 --> 00:40:19,329 You know how that is with children. 485 00:40:20,156 --> 00:40:22,985 My mother would say: "Stop that singing!" 486 00:40:23,942 --> 00:40:25,466 It was my weapon. 487 00:40:25,509 --> 00:40:27,206 I used singing as a weapon, 488 00:40:27,250 --> 00:40:29,339 because he interrupted our fun life, 489 00:40:29,382 --> 00:40:32,864 you know, my father was really a lot of fun as a father. 490 00:40:32,908 --> 00:40:35,171 But when the meetings happened, 491 00:40:35,214 --> 00:40:38,000 my father was extracting information. 492 00:40:38,043 --> 00:40:40,872 [children singing] 493 00:40:43,484 --> 00:40:45,268 He was a journalist 494 00:40:45,311 --> 00:40:48,314 and he wanted to get at the story. 495 00:40:49,446 --> 00:40:51,230 How well did you know him? 496 00:40:51,274 --> 00:40:52,754 -Whom? -Eichmann. 497 00:40:53,885 --> 00:40:57,802 I think I knew him completely. 498 00:40:58,760 --> 00:41:00,152 What did you make of him? 499 00:41:03,329 --> 00:41:07,986 A tragical figure, a tragical figure. 500 00:41:08,030 --> 00:41:09,771 Because he was really not... 501 00:41:09,814 --> 00:41:13,862 it was not his business in reality. 502 00:41:13,905 --> 00:41:16,778 He would have liked to be a common soldier on the front. 503 00:41:16,821 --> 00:41:18,823 That was his dream. 504 00:41:23,219 --> 00:41:26,570 As time goes by, Eichmann's confidence increases 505 00:41:26,614 --> 00:41:28,616 and he feels comfortable enough 506 00:41:28,659 --> 00:41:30,400 to bring his family to Argentina. 507 00:41:32,794 --> 00:41:36,624 German parents in Argentina 508 00:41:36,667 --> 00:41:39,061 came to the embassy to register their children 509 00:41:39,104 --> 00:41:42,368 for their German citizenship, German passport. 510 00:41:43,239 --> 00:41:47,112 And his children were registered under the name "Eichmann." 511 00:41:51,116 --> 00:41:53,815 The kids of German immigrants still remember 512 00:41:53,858 --> 00:41:56,339 that on Sundays, they would meet to cook orange marmalade 513 00:41:56,382 --> 00:41:59,298 with the Eichmanns, not the Klements, 514 00:41:59,342 --> 00:42:01,692 not with that family with the strange guy. 515 00:42:02,084 --> 00:42:03,346 With the Eichmanns! 516 00:42:03,389 --> 00:42:05,130 It was his only mistake 517 00:42:05,174 --> 00:42:07,306 that he didn't want to leave his family behind. 518 00:42:13,748 --> 00:42:15,576 This myth that grew up 519 00:42:15,619 --> 00:42:18,317 that nobody knew he was there... 520 00:42:18,361 --> 00:42:21,277 the German ex-pats who were loyal Nazis 521 00:42:21,320 --> 00:42:24,454 knew he was there. He met with them, he talked to them. 522 00:42:24,497 --> 00:42:27,979 And the Argentinian police, they knew he was there. 523 00:42:30,460 --> 00:42:33,463 The thing that was true is that 524 00:42:33,506 --> 00:42:36,771 the people who knew he was there 525 00:42:36,814 --> 00:42:40,383 did not care enough to go and get him. 526 00:42:40,426 --> 00:42:43,647 MAN [on TV]: Fritz Bauer survived Hitler's death camps... 527 00:42:43,691 --> 00:42:47,433 Even though the Allies stop searching for Nazi fugitives, 528 00:42:47,477 --> 00:42:51,829 individuals like the German Jewish lawyer Fritz Bauer, 529 00:42:51,873 --> 00:42:55,485 continue to try to bring the escaped criminals to justice, 530 00:42:55,528 --> 00:42:59,054 using information they receive from around the world. 531 00:43:00,359 --> 00:43:02,623 If not for private individuals, 532 00:43:02,666 --> 00:43:05,756 Adolf Eichmann would have never been captured in Buenos Aires. 533 00:43:05,800 --> 00:43:08,672 First and foremost, Lothar Hermann, 534 00:43:08,716 --> 00:43:10,413 a Holocaust survivor 535 00:43:10,456 --> 00:43:12,633 who happened to be Adolf Eichmann's neighbor. 536 00:43:14,635 --> 00:43:19,204 Lothar Hermann, who was the survivor who came to Argentina, 537 00:43:19,248 --> 00:43:21,076 had a daughter called Sylvia 538 00:43:21,119 --> 00:43:23,513 and his daughter made friends 539 00:43:23,556 --> 00:43:25,210 with one of the Eichmann kids. 540 00:43:26,864 --> 00:43:28,910 It was not unusual for German Jews 541 00:43:28,953 --> 00:43:31,303 to make friends with German Nazi families, 542 00:43:31,347 --> 00:43:34,350 because, in the end they were all Germans in Argentina. 543 00:43:36,134 --> 00:43:39,529 Sylvia knew that her friend was called "Eichmann." 544 00:43:41,357 --> 00:43:44,099 And Lothar Hermann, I can't say he was reading the newspaper, 545 00:43:44,142 --> 00:43:46,492 because he was blind, 546 00:43:46,536 --> 00:43:48,407 but I think he was having the newspaper read to him by his daughter 547 00:43:48,451 --> 00:43:51,236 and Eichmann's name appeared 548 00:43:51,280 --> 00:43:53,282 and, of course, Lothar Hermann realized, 549 00:43:53,325 --> 00:43:55,458 "that must be the father of your friend." 550 00:43:55,501 --> 00:43:57,112 So Lothar Hermann went 551 00:43:57,155 --> 00:43:59,723 and immediately wrote to Bauer in Germany, 552 00:43:59,767 --> 00:44:01,769 saying it's definitely him. 553 00:44:01,812 --> 00:44:04,728 [typewriter clacking] 554 00:44:04,772 --> 00:44:09,646 For Fritz Bauer, it was safer to bring him on trial in Israel. 555 00:44:10,560 --> 00:44:13,563 If the Germans would ask in Argentina 556 00:44:13,606 --> 00:44:16,261 to bring Eichmann to Germany, 557 00:44:16,305 --> 00:44:17,262 he would have been warned. 558 00:44:18,568 --> 00:44:22,006 And this would be the possibility to escape. 559 00:44:23,704 --> 00:44:26,271 I also think there was no interest in Germany 560 00:44:27,272 --> 00:44:28,839 to capture Eichmann. 561 00:44:29,622 --> 00:44:32,147 They didn't want to talk about the past. 562 00:44:33,452 --> 00:44:36,717 [telephone ringing] 563 00:44:36,760 --> 00:44:40,808 Bauer gave the information to the Israelis 564 00:44:40,851 --> 00:44:42,374 and nothing happened. 565 00:44:43,506 --> 00:44:46,814 One has to remember that this is the late 50s 566 00:44:47,466 --> 00:44:51,514 and Israel is barely a third-world country at that time. 567 00:44:52,645 --> 00:44:55,083 I think the feeling was that, 568 00:44:55,126 --> 00:44:59,043 we have current enemies in the Arab lands, etc. 569 00:44:59,087 --> 00:45:01,132 Should we fight our current enemies 570 00:45:01,176 --> 00:45:04,701 who stand possibly to destroy us now 571 00:45:04,745 --> 00:45:07,225 or should we go to settle scores from before? 572 00:45:08,313 --> 00:45:09,793 Bauer insisted, 573 00:45:09,837 --> 00:45:11,664 he threatened the authorities 574 00:45:11,708 --> 00:45:13,405 that he will bring the information 575 00:45:13,449 --> 00:45:15,756 into the knowledge of the public. 576 00:45:15,799 --> 00:45:19,542 That there is a credible source 577 00:45:19,585 --> 00:45:21,979 that Eichmann is in Argentina 578 00:45:22,023 --> 00:45:23,198 and this worked. 579 00:45:26,027 --> 00:45:28,986 Ben Gurion, the country's founder, 580 00:45:29,030 --> 00:45:31,989 is persuaded to bring Eichmann to trial in Israel 581 00:45:32,033 --> 00:45:35,210 and a secret mission to capture the fugitive is launched. 582 00:45:38,866 --> 00:45:40,519 When Eichmann was kidnapped, 583 00:45:40,563 --> 00:45:43,087 he was no longer living in Buenos Aires. 584 00:45:43,131 --> 00:45:46,525 He was on the outskirts in a kind of no man's land. 585 00:45:49,702 --> 00:45:52,705 And one fine day he arrives home on the bus. 586 00:45:54,185 --> 00:45:57,319 He then had to walk some distance to get to his house. 587 00:45:57,362 --> 00:45:59,277 There was no electricity, 588 00:45:59,321 --> 00:46:01,714 It was an unprotected area. 589 00:46:01,758 --> 00:46:04,108 It was easy to pick him off the streets. 590 00:46:05,501 --> 00:46:09,766 He walked on the Garibaldi street 591 00:46:09,810 --> 00:46:11,855 about 50 meters from his home 592 00:46:11,899 --> 00:46:14,336 and I walked on that side. 593 00:46:14,379 --> 00:46:17,339 We looked at each other, I saw... 594 00:46:17,382 --> 00:46:20,037 fear in his eyes, and I said, "Uno momentito," 595 00:46:20,081 --> 00:46:21,734 and I didn't finish the question 596 00:46:22,257 --> 00:46:24,563 and he retreated. 597 00:46:27,088 --> 00:46:30,352 I jumped on him. We fell into a ditch there. 598 00:46:30,395 --> 00:46:34,878 He then started howling and screaming and shouting. 599 00:46:34,922 --> 00:46:38,708 The three of them dragged him, still howling, into the car 600 00:46:40,144 --> 00:46:41,711 and the race was on. 601 00:46:46,934 --> 00:46:48,718 [suspenseful music playing] 602 00:46:54,071 --> 00:46:56,160 [speaking Hebrew] 603 00:47:17,051 --> 00:47:19,314 MAN [speaking English]: The Yagur base is a detention facility 604 00:47:19,357 --> 00:47:20,837 of the northern district 605 00:47:20,881 --> 00:47:22,926 and until Eichmann's arrival, 606 00:47:22,970 --> 00:47:25,102 there were dozens of prisoners there. 607 00:47:25,146 --> 00:47:27,278 They were removed 608 00:47:27,322 --> 00:47:29,933 and the detention facility was transformed into a fortress. 609 00:47:29,977 --> 00:47:32,718 Dozens of police officers are guarding just Eichmann. 610 00:47:33,284 --> 00:47:35,504 All this for only one inmate. 611 00:47:37,419 --> 00:47:40,552 There are many risks with such a detainee as this. 612 00:47:40,596 --> 00:47:43,773 The primary risk is that he could try to harm himself. 613 00:47:43,816 --> 00:47:48,212 Then there are also threats that neo-Nazis might try to break him free. 614 00:47:48,256 --> 00:47:49,779 And the third scenario 615 00:47:49,822 --> 00:47:52,042 is that someone from within Israel, 616 00:47:52,086 --> 00:47:55,916 either a Holocaust survivor or someone connected to the Holocaust 617 00:47:55,959 --> 00:47:58,353 or even one of the policemen close to him, 618 00:47:58,396 --> 00:48:00,572 might try to settle a score. 619 00:48:02,400 --> 00:48:06,927 [speaking German] 620 00:48:28,426 --> 00:48:29,732 [clamoring] 621 00:48:29,775 --> 00:48:31,908 REPORTER [speaking German] 622 00:48:41,135 --> 00:48:44,312 MAN [in German] 623 00:50:17,144 --> 00:50:19,929 NARRATOR [in English]: During his interrogation by the Israeli police, 624 00:50:19,972 --> 00:50:23,063 Eichmann claims that he was only following orders. 625 00:50:25,152 --> 00:50:27,502 But in Sassen's living room, 626 00:50:27,545 --> 00:50:30,070 Eichmann is aware that his words could incriminate him, 627 00:50:30,113 --> 00:50:33,551 so he asks that the recordings never be heard during his lifetime. 628 00:50:37,512 --> 00:50:38,948 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 629 00:51:11,241 --> 00:51:13,287 UKI GONI [in English]: When Eichmann was kidnapped, 630 00:51:13,330 --> 00:51:15,550 suddenly Sassen realized, 631 00:51:15,593 --> 00:51:19,293 here I have a chance to make a large amount of money 632 00:51:19,336 --> 00:51:21,643 by selling this. 633 00:51:21,686 --> 00:51:23,819 Uh, and I'll finally be able to make some money out of this project 634 00:51:23,862 --> 00:51:25,777 that I spent so much time on. 635 00:51:27,083 --> 00:51:29,085 And at the same time, he realized, 636 00:51:29,129 --> 00:51:32,044 if I do that, the other Nazis are going to kill me, 637 00:51:32,088 --> 00:51:34,743 because he's being the worst traitor of all. 638 00:51:35,309 --> 00:51:36,571 In the end, 639 00:51:36,614 --> 00:51:39,878 the opportunist won the battle 640 00:51:39,922 --> 00:51:43,143 over the more cautious person inside him 641 00:51:43,186 --> 00:51:47,147 and he sold the story to Life Magazine in the United States. 642 00:51:56,243 --> 00:51:59,159 Four months before the trial, 643 00:51:59,202 --> 00:52:02,988 Life Magazine publishes sections of the Eichmann recordings. 644 00:52:03,032 --> 00:52:05,948 The confessions shock the world. 645 00:52:05,991 --> 00:52:09,473 Never before had a Nazi officer admitted publicly 646 00:52:09,517 --> 00:52:15,958 that the Holocaust was meticulously planned and carried out. 647 00:52:16,001 --> 00:52:18,874 The publication of the Life Magazine interview 648 00:52:18,917 --> 00:52:22,094 was an astonishing moment 649 00:52:22,138 --> 00:52:25,663 in the international community, to have Eichmann's words 650 00:52:25,707 --> 00:52:29,189 suddenly splashed in front of Life Magazine, 651 00:52:29,232 --> 00:52:34,237 which at the time was one of the crucial magazines in the U.S. 652 00:52:34,281 --> 00:52:37,849 Obviously, it also had kind of a world audience as well. 653 00:52:39,460 --> 00:52:41,810 "Life" meant that this is important to America. 654 00:52:42,332 --> 00:52:43,725 It shocked people. 655 00:52:43,768 --> 00:52:45,596 For many Jews 656 00:52:45,640 --> 00:52:48,077 it meant the world was, 657 00:52:48,120 --> 00:52:49,992 for the first time really, 658 00:52:50,035 --> 00:52:53,300 taking notice of what had happened. 659 00:52:53,343 --> 00:52:56,912 Suddenly the world was looking at the tragedy 660 00:52:56,955 --> 00:52:59,915 that had destroyed one out of every three Jews alive 661 00:52:59,958 --> 00:53:02,309 on the face of the earth. 662 00:53:02,352 --> 00:53:04,267 Americans realized that this man 663 00:53:04,311 --> 00:53:06,878 who is being tried is really a monster. 664 00:53:08,445 --> 00:53:10,317 The article says, 665 00:53:10,360 --> 00:53:12,493 there are tapes of this man talking about what he did, 666 00:53:12,536 --> 00:53:15,800 telling the stories of what he did, describing what he did. 667 00:53:21,241 --> 00:53:24,896 Everyone at least who has the least bit of interest in this topic: 668 00:53:24,940 --> 00:53:26,115 Where are these tapes? 669 00:53:31,120 --> 00:53:33,122 This is the smoking gun. 670 00:53:33,165 --> 00:53:36,473 If Eichmann says: "I acted, I took action, 671 00:53:36,517 --> 00:53:38,475 I wanted, I planned," 672 00:53:39,259 --> 00:53:41,304 he is no longer just a bureaucrat 673 00:53:41,348 --> 00:53:43,959 shifting papers from one place to the other. 674 00:53:44,002 --> 00:53:45,917 He changes things, 675 00:53:45,961 --> 00:53:47,223 embellishes them 676 00:53:47,876 --> 00:53:49,573 and sends them as a command. 677 00:53:50,313 --> 00:53:53,229 In this sense he becomes the leader. 678 00:53:56,928 --> 00:53:58,190 MICHAEL GOLDMANN-GILEAD [speaking German] 679 00:54:08,592 --> 00:54:11,116 LAWRENCE DOUGLAS [in English]: When Hausner read this interview, 680 00:54:11,160 --> 00:54:13,031 he immediately had to think, "Oh my God, 681 00:54:13,075 --> 00:54:15,686 "there's a whole wealth of information out there 682 00:54:15,730 --> 00:54:17,949 "that I don't yet have access to 683 00:54:17,993 --> 00:54:20,212 "and how do I get my hands on it?" 684 00:54:23,738 --> 00:54:28,133 Sassen, he bought himself a fantastic car with the money he made. 685 00:54:28,177 --> 00:54:29,874 He bought a Mercedes Benz. 686 00:54:31,876 --> 00:54:34,705 The Nazis were still around in Argentina. 687 00:54:35,358 --> 00:54:38,187 They moved against my father, 688 00:54:38,230 --> 00:54:41,451 because my father betrayed, in their eyes. 689 00:54:42,409 --> 00:54:45,586 When the Eichmann story blows into the public, 690 00:54:45,629 --> 00:54:47,631 I was 13. 691 00:54:47,675 --> 00:54:51,809 My mother decides to leave. 692 00:54:51,853 --> 00:54:53,202 She couldn't take it. 693 00:54:54,334 --> 00:54:57,815 And I suddenly was in charge of the household. 694 00:54:57,859 --> 00:55:00,122 At 13. 695 00:55:00,165 --> 00:55:03,343 And my sister was simply terrified. 696 00:55:03,386 --> 00:55:06,911 Suddenly there were like three or five people in my house 697 00:55:06,955 --> 00:55:08,086 with big guns and I don't know what, 698 00:55:09,131 --> 00:55:13,004 they were Nazi affiliates. 699 00:55:13,048 --> 00:55:15,311 MAN [speaking German] 700 00:55:18,183 --> 00:55:21,056 MAN 2 701 00:55:23,014 --> 00:55:24,668 I wasn't afraid, 702 00:55:25,582 --> 00:55:28,237 but it was another kind of experience that I had. 703 00:55:28,280 --> 00:55:31,762 It was more like... closer to horror than to fear. 704 00:55:32,850 --> 00:55:34,461 [arguing] 705 00:55:34,504 --> 00:55:36,201 Among the intruders 706 00:55:36,245 --> 00:55:38,726 are the sons of Adolf Eichmann. 707 00:55:38,769 --> 00:55:41,816 they demand to know why Sassen betrayed their father? 708 00:55:43,818 --> 00:55:45,428 Sassen shocks them, 709 00:55:45,472 --> 00:55:47,343 claiming that he had the permission 710 00:55:47,387 --> 00:55:50,912 of their mother Vera to sell the transcripts. 711 00:55:50,955 --> 00:55:53,436 Knowing their father's defense strategy is reliant 712 00:55:53,480 --> 00:55:57,353 on keeping the tapes out of the hands of Gideon Hausner, 713 00:55:57,397 --> 00:55:59,921 they demand to know the location of the recordings. 714 00:55:59,964 --> 00:56:02,532 Sassen denies knowing their whereabouts. 715 00:56:02,576 --> 00:56:06,623 [arguing continues] 716 00:56:06,667 --> 00:56:10,453 Terrified, Sassen knows the tapes could be the prosecutor's smoking gun. 717 00:56:10,497 --> 00:56:12,629 He hides them in a safe place. 718 00:56:12,673 --> 00:56:17,808 Can he keep the tapes away from those looking to use them against Eichmann? 719 00:56:17,852 --> 00:56:20,985 On the next episode ofThe Devils' 720 00:56:21,029 --> 00:56:24,032 The Lost Eichmann Tapes 721 00:56:24,075 --> 00:56:26,382 Hausner focuses on obtaining the transcripts 722 00:56:26,426 --> 00:56:28,906 used for the Life Magazine article 723 00:56:28,950 --> 00:56:32,214 as the smoking gun that will prove Eichmann's guilt to the world. 724 00:56:34,695 --> 00:56:36,523 During a meeting with his lawyer, 725 00:56:36,566 --> 00:56:38,307 Eichmann is passed an encrypted code 726 00:56:38,350 --> 00:56:41,005 from the Nazi journalist Willem Sassen 727 00:56:41,049 --> 00:56:42,790 that emboldens his defense. 728 00:56:44,531 --> 00:56:49,013 "Don't worry. I've hidden the tapes." 729 00:56:49,057 --> 00:56:51,320 As the Berlin Wall is being built 730 00:56:51,363 --> 00:56:54,105 and sides are taken in the Cold War, 731 00:56:54,149 --> 00:56:56,891 West German officials fear Eichmann's recordings 732 00:56:56,934 --> 00:57:01,504 will reveal that their new government is riddled with Nazis. 733 00:57:01,548 --> 00:57:04,333 The Germans were very concerned. 734 00:57:04,376 --> 00:57:07,118 There were a lot of Nazis who remained in positions 735 00:57:07,162 --> 00:57:09,947 of high power within Germany itself. 736 00:57:09,991 --> 00:57:11,993 And the fledgling State of Israel 737 00:57:12,036 --> 00:57:14,343 decides the security of their country 738 00:57:14,386 --> 00:57:16,084 far outweighs the importance 739 00:57:16,127 --> 00:57:18,086 of Attorney General Hausner's case 740 00:57:18,129 --> 00:57:19,348 against Eichmann. 741 00:57:23,787 --> 00:57:26,224 [closing theme music playing] 54925

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