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[music] the
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Amazonian jungle the world's largest
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rainforest
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half of the precipitation here is formed
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by evaporation of water
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it is the richest ecosystem on the planet
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it is home to a third of all
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species on earth
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warm humid climate almost does not
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change throughout the year
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life in such favorable conditions is in
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full
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swing in the jungle there are many
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worlds sun-drenched in the tops of the trees
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forest floor crowns and lowland swamps
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here, as in a mosaic, many habitats are collected
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to live in which
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both people and animals have adapted
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to this kingdom, the most
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powerful river on the planet rules
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[music]
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[music]
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[applause ]
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[music]
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in the wilds of latin america
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[music]
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amazonian jungle one forest many
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worlds the
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rainforests of south america cover an
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area of 8 million square
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kilometers if it were a country it
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would be the sixth largest in the world
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they were formed in the last 15
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million years since when
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andes began to form the amazon began
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to flow west to east
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sixty percent of the amazonian jungle
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is in brazil the
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remaining 40 percent another 8 countries
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on the equatorial belt is always hot and
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humid
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[music]
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these are ideal conditions for life
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rainforests have a huge
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biodiversity of flora and fauna and
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each species survives here in its own way
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[music]
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animals that can reach the
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forest canopy live in a green area
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it is at a height of
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45 meters
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every day the forest receives solar energy the
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equivalent energy of 6 million
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atomic bombs
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billions of leaves
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photosynthesise 12 hours a day all year round
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[music]
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they produce 20 percent of oxygen
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in the world, countless fruits ripen here,
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tree shelves, the most fertile part of the
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forest,
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this country of abundance,
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but even there problems arise
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from above, the foliage looks like a solid green
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carpet,
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however, in reality, tree branches
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rarely touch each other and
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movement at such a great height is not
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easy this task
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[music]
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in the jungles of brazil alone there are
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more than a hundred species of monkeys,
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each of which has adapted in its own way
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to life on the tops of the
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trees
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red revan and slowly move from
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branch to branch
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[music]
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these are one of the heaviest monkeys in the forest
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they are carefully chosen place for the
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next step
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[music]
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in a powerful tail like a safety
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rope
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life in the trees is not easy but it
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has its advantages
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jaguar can't climb that high
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so he rarely gets to feast
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monkeys
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tiny squirrel monkeys move
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through the branches much faster than careful
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and howler monkeys
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tail they need to keep their
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balance
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these light creatures can climb
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where other monkeys can't get
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they weigh less than a kilogram and can
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move even on the thinnest
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branches
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[music] the
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upper part of the forest grows brummel poisons
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among their leaves hiding full of proteins
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insects that squirrel monkeys
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love eat
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[music]
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abundance food in the tree canopy
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made the monkeys find unusual
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ways to get to it
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one of the strangest creatures living
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here is the bald uakari
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it is not the cutest monkey but
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it has excellent acrobatic
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abilities
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uakari is the only monkey in the
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Amazonian jungle
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with short chopped tails,
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this disadvantage is compensated by powerful
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front and hind limbs
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[music]
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they can make incredible jumps
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of 10 meters or more
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[music]
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uakari's teeth are perfectly adapted for
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extracting earthlings from fruit and guahe's
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short tail and hairless head
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create the illusion that the monkey is hanging upside down,
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scientists believe that in this way uakari
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knocks down predators
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jaguar I can get the monkeys living here
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but other predators live in the tree canopy
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in the wilds of latin america
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living in the amazonian jungle harpy is
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waiting for the right moment to hunt
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harpies artificial monkey catchers the
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length of their claws reaches 13 centimeters
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the claws of a grizzly bear of the same size
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they are so powerful that they can lift a
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victim weighing up to 9 kilograms into the air
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as much as the harpies themselves weigh;
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they have large eyes and excellent eyesight;
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they can spot a tiny monkey from a
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distance of 200 meters,
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despite the fact that the wingspan
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reaches two meters gar and incredibly
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agile
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they can fly at a speed of 80
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kilometers per hour and easily
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maneuver between tree branches
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everything ends in a matter of seconds
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huge claws break monkey bones in the blink of an eye
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[music]
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a harpy chick sits next to its
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nest it is hungry the
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chick has already fledged but the hunter from it
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is not important yet the
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sloth has chosen a dangerous place for himself to rest
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adults the harpy
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would have plucked his lights in an instant,
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but even when dinner is brought to the young
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harpy on a silver platter, she does not seem to know
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where to start the
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sloths are lucky, however, he retreats
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very slowly
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[music]
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sloths moves slowly but they are not at
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all lazy
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their clumsy escaping is part of
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an amazing survival strategy
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[music]
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sloths spend their entire lives on just a
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few trees
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their claws cling to branches so tightly
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that sloths almost never fall even
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in their sleep the
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modified muscle allows the sloth
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to hang for hours in positions where
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no one could stay for long
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mammal
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sloths survival secrets lies in
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slow digestion
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they spend very little energy and I
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need a large amount of food
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daily do not eat only 200 grams of
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leaves
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it takes 30 days to digest them
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they come down to earth only once a
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week at the call of nature the
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descent is worth it because the excrement
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fertilizes the trees on which they live
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sloths completely blend in with their surroundings
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their spotted fur is excellent camouflage
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that even turns green with
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algae when
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wet unlike other mammals
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they cannot regulate
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their body temperature their metabolism is regulated by the
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constant heat of the tropical oh forests
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sloths move so little that
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other animals colonize their bodies
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these tiny models live all their lives
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on the shaggy skin of a
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sloth one animal can live up to a hundred of
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these insects
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[music]
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moths feed exclusively on
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excrement sloths
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female moths try to be at the
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right time in the right place to
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lay their eggs next to a large supply of
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food
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[music]
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animals are highly dependent on their
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habitat and source of food so
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any changes make them very vulnerable
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animals adapt to
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life here in different ways that is why
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there is such diversity
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in the forest in the Amazonian jungle there is a third of all
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species of living creatures on the planet
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every three days a new species is discovered here
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in one tree of the Amazonian jungle there
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may be more species of ants than in
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all of Britain and on one hectare of forest there are
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more species of plants than in Europe
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here lives a fifth of all bird species
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on earth
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tropical forest a multi-level world
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animals living on different co The seeds of one
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tree can lead such different
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lifestyles as if they lived in different
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parts of the planet the
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world of the forest soil is very different from the
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canopy
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from above, only two percent of the
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sunlight gets here, it's hot and stuffy,
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and this dark kingdom is ruled by nightmarish
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creatures
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[music]
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on the ground a colony of wandering ants moves
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in search of food they periodically
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raid a particular area of
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\u200b\u200bthe forest in one day they can destroy a hundred thousand living creatures ants communicate using air-released pheromones such instant messages help to call for reinforcements when the victim is caught ants repeatedly sting its
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enzyme exit dissolve the
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fabric and it becomes easier for hunters to
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cut it into pieces the
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trophy is carried away to the parking lot having
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devastated one part of the forest ants
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go to hunt in another
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wandering ants one of the most
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amazing creatures living in the
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Amazonian jungle
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but there are animals that can handle them
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ant ants peck the vanguard of the army of
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ants
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food itself moves towards
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them they only have to catch prey
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some species of butterflies feed
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exclusively on droppings ants dexterity
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[music]
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it is not amazing but the survival of
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more than 300 species of birds and butterflies depends
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on roaming ants
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[music]
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animals in the jungle thrive
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since there is always a stable climate
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at the poles of the planet, the differences between the
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seasons are colossal,
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however, closer to the tropics, animals do
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not need to hibernate or migrate
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for the winter
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in the equatorial jungle, the climate does not
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change from day to day and from year to year
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in such constant conditions, evolution
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has achieved much
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[music]
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here you can find the most amazing
295
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colors and shapes the
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forest floor is the most unchanging
297
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habitat of all
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it is protected not only from the scorching
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sun but also from wind and rain
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[music]
301
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25 percent of precipitation evaporates while
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moving through leaves and branches before reaching
303
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land
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in these forests live millions of species of
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members hairy and insects one-fifth of
306
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all that exist on earth
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[music]
308
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this spider is one of the largest in the world
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it is the size of a human palm
310
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it marks the territory leaving a trail of
311
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cobwebs
312
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so it can always find its way home a
313
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group of caterpillars touch each other with
314
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hairs so that no one gets lost
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living conditions so predictable that
316
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animals can work out the
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necessary survival strategies themselves
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[music]
319
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tiny tadpoles live in this foam
320
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their father bullfrog whipped it from the mucus
321
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excreted from the back of the mother
322
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this is the last manifestation of parental
323
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care from now on they are left to
324
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themselves they
325
00:21:07,380 --> 00:21:09,490
blow bubbles to to prolong the
326
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existence of one's own fortress, it is the
327
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only defense,
328
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but it is not so easy to hide from one forest monster
329
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330
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[music]
331
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the body length of this wasp is several
332
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millimeters, but for tadpoles,
333
00:21:32,210 --> 00:21:33,860
insects pose a mortal
334
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threat
335
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336
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337
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; and
338
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[music]
339
00:21:47,590 --> 00:21:52,330
ios frogs have a special relationship
340
00:21:54,190 --> 00:21:56,720
especially using the foam in which
341
00:21:56,720 --> 00:21:58,960
tadpoles live as glue to
342
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build their own hives in the
343
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wilds of Latin America
344
00:22:09,700 --> 00:22:12,320
in the Amazonian jungle, some animals
345
00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:14,420
adapt to a certain
346
00:22:14,420 --> 00:22:17,090
habitat or food source, while others
347
00:22:17,090 --> 00:22:19,270
prey on the first
348
00:22:19,270 --> 00:22:21,220
evolutionary race has created many
349
00:22:21,220 --> 00:22:25,210
strange life forms
350
00:22:26,570 --> 00:22:30,139
if the stick insect is still it will become
351
00:22:30,139 --> 00:22:32,679
invisible
352
00:22:32,890 --> 00:22:34,800
[music]
353
00:22:34,800 --> 00:22:37,350
it completely merges with the environment
354
00:22:37,350 --> 00:22:38,310
355
00:22:38,310 --> 00:22:42,080
[music]
356
00:22:42,080 --> 00:22:44,740
one predator did not notice it
357
00:22:44,740 --> 00:22:47,390
but other creatures still found a
358
00:22:47,390 --> 00:22:51,070
way to feed on its flesh
359
00:22:52,330 --> 00:22:55,690
tiny mites slowly eat its
360
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tissues
361
00:22:59,410 --> 00:23:02,640
[music] the
362
00:23:04,080 --> 00:23:06,700
local jungle is diverse not only
363
00:23:06,700 --> 00:23:09,120
fauna
364
00:23:09,150 --> 00:23:11,410
because the
365
00:23:11,410 --> 00:23:13,800
seasons do not change in
366
00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:16,270
the equatorial belt flora grow here all year round
367
00:23:16,270 --> 00:23:17,510
368
00:23:17,510 --> 00:23:21,150
[music]
369
00:23:21,150 --> 00:23:24,160
hundreds of millions of trees compete for
370
00:23:24,160 --> 00:23:27,720
light and nutrients
371
00:23:28,590 --> 00:23:31,240
despite this, soils in the Amazonian forests
372
00:23:31,240 --> 00:23:34,020
are poor and infertile
373
00:23:34,020 --> 00:23:39,010
[music]
374
00:23:39,010 --> 00:23:41,380
from smaller and bark and leaves quickly
375
00:23:41,380 --> 00:23:43,770
split fungi and bacteria
376
00:23:43,770 --> 00:23:46,659
[music]
377
00:23:46,659 --> 00:23:48,580
roots and stems struggle to
378
00:23:48,580 --> 00:23:50,769
find a source of energy in the foliage lying on the
379
00:23:50,769 --> 00:23:53,549
ground
380
00:23:55,220 --> 00:23:56,880
[music]
381
00:23:56,880 --> 00:23:58,260
nutrients are processed
382
00:23:58,260 --> 00:24:01,050
so quickly that the soil does not have time to be
383
00:24:01,050 --> 00:24:03,650
saturated
384
00:24:04,130 --> 00:24:07,730
with them competition here high
385
00:24:08,050 --> 00:24:10,470
plants wage a protracted war
386
00:24:10,470 --> 00:24:15,360
many of them are armed and dangerous
387
00:24:15,730 --> 00:24:18,020
[music ] the
388
00:24:18,020 --> 00:24:22,630
thorns on this tree scare away monkeys
389
00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:24,360
[music]
390
00:24:24,360 --> 00:24:26,620
other species secrete a poisonous sap
391
00:24:26,620 --> 00:24:30,690
that keeps insects at bay
392
00:24:30,690 --> 00:24:33,910
in the Amazonian jungle there are 30 million
393
00:24:33,910 --> 00:24:36,450
people
394
00:24:37,170 --> 00:24:40,110
many of them are descendants of the first settlers of
395
00:24:40,110 --> 00:24:44,100
planters and slave traders
396
00:24:46,950 --> 00:24:49,260
but some are representatives of
397
00:24:49,260 --> 00:24:52,230
peoples who have lived here for 10,000
398
00:24:52,230 --> 00:24:54,800
years
399
00:24:55,120 --> 00:25:05,840
[music]
400
00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:08,600
children of the satere mawe tribe
401
00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:11,399
living in the north of brazil are trained
402
00:25:11,399 --> 00:25:13,289
in skills that are passed down from generation
403
00:25:13,289 --> 00:25:17,730
to generation they catch ants it is one
404
00:25:17,730 --> 00:25:22,100
of the richest sources of protein in the forest
405
00:25:22,789 --> 00:25:25,679
it is believed that ants make up 30
406
00:25:25,679 --> 00:25:27,899
percent of all creatures living in the jungle
407
00:25:27,899 --> 00:25:29,370
408
00:25:29,370 --> 00:25:33,050
[music]
409
00:25:33,529 --> 00:25:38,269
but they have an amateur taste and
410
00:25:38,869 --> 00:25:41,929
you need to eat them
411
00:25:41,929 --> 00:25:45,110
skillfully ove contains a lot of protein
412
00:25:45,110 --> 00:25:48,799
[music]
413
00:25:48,799 --> 00:25:54,259
but such an appetizer can bite itself in
414
00:25:56,809 --> 00:25:59,789
the Satere Mawe tribe
415
00:25:59,789 --> 00:26:03,210
, another much more unusual tradition is associated with ants
416
00:26:03,210 --> 00:26:07,470
[music] a
417
00:26:07,470 --> 00:26:11,780
group of hunters looking for their prey
418
00:26:19,880 --> 00:26:22,320
most often hunters try to walk
419
00:26:22,320 --> 00:26:24,450
silently so as not to disturb future
420
00:26:24,450 --> 00:26:26,750
prey,
421
00:26:27,050 --> 00:26:31,290
but today there is such a need no these
422
00:26:31,290 --> 00:26:33,240
people want those they are hunting to
423
00:26:33,240 --> 00:26:36,860
know about their approach
424
00:26:38,070 --> 00:26:39,870
[music]
425
00:26:39,870 --> 00:26:42,420
hunting horns awaken all
426
00:26:42,420 --> 00:26:45,140
life in the forest to life
427
00:26:48,140 --> 00:26:51,529
[music]
428
00:26:58,140 --> 00:27:02,790
finally they find those they were looking for
429
00:27:10,390 --> 00:27:12,570
work
430
00:27:12,570 --> 00:27:16,190
these are bullet ants
431
00:27:18,290 --> 00:27:20,780
these giants are one of the largest
432
00:27:20,780 --> 00:27:23,450
ants in the world
433
00:27:23,450 --> 00:27:26,509
[music ]
434
00:27:27,000 --> 00:27:28,660
[applause]
435
00:27:28,660 --> 00:27:31,820
their serrated 3 cm jaws
436
00:27:31,820 --> 00:27:33,550
can easily bite through human
437
00:27:33,550 --> 00:27:35,350
flesh
438
00:27:35,350 --> 00:27:38,000
but the most formidable weapon is in the
439
00:27:38,000 --> 00:27:40,240
ants in the back of the body the
440
00:27:40,240 --> 00:27:42,530
name bullet ants speaks for
441
00:27:42,530 --> 00:27:46,090
itself, their sting is capable of causing
442
00:27:46,090 --> 00:27:48,610
incredible pain,
443
00:27:48,610 --> 00:27:51,500
smoke and sounds cause more and
444
00:27:51,500 --> 00:27:55,180
more ants to come out
445
00:27:55,220 --> 00:27:58,259
[ music]
446
00:28:07,059 --> 00:28:09,490
their neurotoxin is so strong that when bitten,
447
00:28:09,490 --> 00:28:13,470
it seems like you are being shot ate
448
00:28:16,700 --> 00:28:18,790
[music] the
449
00:28:18,790 --> 00:28:23,850
sting serves as a defense mechanism for the ants
450
00:28:25,700 --> 00:28:27,990
excruciating pain makes the
451
00:28:27,990 --> 00:28:29,730
attacker think that he is dealing with something
452
00:28:29,730 --> 00:28:32,309
much more serious than the sting of the ant
453
00:28:32,309 --> 00:28:37,380
and retreat but the capture of ants is
454
00:28:37,380 --> 00:28:40,730
only the beginning
455
00:28:45,890 --> 00:28:48,380
to become a man every youth of the
456
00:28:48,380 --> 00:28:50,240
tribe must endure the unbearable
457
00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:54,070
pain inflicted by ants
458
00:28:58,220 --> 00:29:01,369
[music] the
459
00:29:03,230 --> 00:29:05,580
women in the village prepare for the
460
00:29:05,580 --> 00:29:08,960
return of the men
461
00:29:09,010 --> 00:29:12,160
[music] the
462
00:29:12,170 --> 00:29:15,210
leaves of the cashew tree have special
463
00:29:15,210 --> 00:29:17,299
properties
464
00:29:17,750 --> 00:29:20,280
children are taught to collect the
465
00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:22,490
youngest and juiciest leaves
466
00:29:22,490 --> 00:29:29,339
[music] the
467
00:29:32,120 --> 00:29:34,530
leaves soaked in water release
468
00:29:34,530 --> 00:29:37,760
natural chloroform the
469
00:29:50,470 --> 00:29:52,490
only way to deal with the
470
00:29:52,490 --> 00:29:57,340
ants is to put them to sleep temporarily
471
00:30:04,999 --> 00:30:07,939
and this the method is passed down from generation to
472
00:30:07,939 --> 00:30:10,569
generation
473
00:30:17,310 --> 00:30:20,080
sleepy ants do not offer any
474
00:30:20,080 --> 00:30:22,350
resistance
475
00:30:31,970 --> 00:30:34,620
then palm leaves are made into
476
00:30:34,620 --> 00:30:36,140
mittens
477
00:30:36,140 --> 00:30:39,000
ants are placed inside in such a way
478
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:42,260
that they cannot get out of them the
479
00:30:42,260 --> 00:30:45,150
sting of dozens of ants are
480
00:30:45,150 --> 00:30:48,080
inside the mittens
481
00:30:50,960 --> 00:30:56,050
[music]
482
00:30:56,050 --> 00:30:58,150
this ceremony is known as the festival of
483
00:30:58,150 --> 00:31:01,950
ants so indira
484
00:31:06,400 --> 00:31:11,140
[music ]
485
00:31:11,140 --> 00:31:13,390
every man of the tribe
486
00:31:13,390 --> 00:31:15,430
must go through this test in their life
487
00:31:15,430 --> 00:31:18,390
20 times
488
00:31:20,160 --> 00:31:25,110
today it's the turn of two young men
489
00:31:27,600 --> 00:31:30,830
[music]
490
00:31:30,830 --> 00:31:34,840
both have been through this before
491
00:31:36,990 --> 00:31:39,850
[music]
492
00:31:39,850 --> 00:31:43,580
but it doesn't make it any easier for them
493
00:31:43,580 --> 00:31:49,249
[music] the
494
00:31:49,380 --> 00:31:52,640
ants are starting to wake up the
495
00:31:53,240 --> 00:31:56,610
smoke annoys them more and more
496
00:31:56,610 --> 00:31:59,030
[music]
497
00:31:59,030 --> 00:32:01,880
they are very angry
498
00:32:01,880 --> 00:32:03,480
[music]
499
00:32:03,480 --> 00:32:05,550
every young man must keep his hands in
500
00:32:05,550 --> 00:32:09,890
mittens for 10 minutes an
501
00:32:11,860 --> 00:32:16,860
ant sting is 30 times more painful a wasp sting
502
00:32:19,090 --> 00:32:23,520
in each mitten more than 120 ants
503
00:32:24,340 --> 00:32:33,869
[music]
504
00:32:34,220 --> 00:32:36,230
just one bite can cause a
505
00:32:36,230 --> 00:32:40,240
fatal allergic reaction
506
00:32:42,870 --> 00:32:44,460
[music]
507
00:32:44,460 --> 00:32:46,500
tribe they dance and sing to divert the
508
00:32:46,500 --> 00:32:48,590
attention of the young man from unbearable pain, a
509
00:32:48,590 --> 00:32:50,850
well-known case when men wanted to
510
00:32:50,850 --> 00:32:52,950
cut off their hands just so that the pain would
511
00:32:52,950 --> 00:32:55,400
stop
512
00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:59,200
[music]
513
00:33:01,280 --> 00:33:04,070
it is necessary to keep moving the
514
00:33:04,070 --> 00:33:06,540
dance makes the blood move through the
515
00:33:06,540 --> 00:33:10,040
vessels, it helps to disperse the poison through them,
516
00:33:10,040 --> 00:33:13,460
in addition, it evaporates along with sweat, the
517
00:33:13,460 --> 00:33:15,870
hands of the young men swell and become
518
00:33:15,870 --> 00:33:18,929
paralyzed the pain spreads
519
00:33:18,929 --> 00:33:23,240
520
00:33:23,240 --> 00:33:31,590
521
00:33:31,590 --> 00:33:34,450
through the chest and will last for 24 hours [music] all living whether villages help young men
522
00:33:34,450 --> 00:33:37,679
cope with the test of
523
00:33:39,549 --> 00:33:42,409
sutter, they both say that the ant
524
00:33:42,409 --> 00:33:44,659
protects them from illness and makes them
525
00:33:44,659 --> 00:33:45,880
strong and healthy,
526
00:33:45,880 --> 00:33:48,850
they believe that the painful test
527
00:33:48,850 --> 00:33:52,039
makes a real man out of every young
528
00:33:52,039 --> 00:33:54,580
man.
529
00:34:09,489 --> 00:34:11,469
530
00:34:11,469 --> 00:34:13,600
531
00:34:13,600 --> 00:34:15,840
532
00:34:15,960 --> 00:34:21,810
533
00:34:25,139 --> 00:34:26,710
the jungle is
534
00:34:26,710 --> 00:34:29,949
cut by rivers it is a natural
535
00:34:29,949 --> 00:34:32,409
irrigation system that supplies water to all
536
00:34:32,409 --> 00:34:36,359
animals in all corners of the forest
537
00:34:37,710 --> 00:34:41,609
although many cats avoid water
538
00:34:41,609 --> 00:34:44,320
jaguars and swim across rivers with ease
539
00:34:44,320 --> 00:34:46,560
540
00:34:48,810 --> 00:34:54,210
large paws serve as excellent oars for
541
00:34:56,730 --> 00:35:01,710
rivers supply jaguars and provisions
542
00:35:02,820 --> 00:35:05,830
they often catch fish or turtles in
543
00:35:05,830 --> 00:35:08,400
shallow water
544
00:35:11,700 --> 00:35:14,620
these big cats can kill even the
545
00:35:14,620 --> 00:35:17,400
caiman
546
00:35:18,120 --> 00:35:22,840
but this young jaguar is not an experienced hunter
547
00:35:22,840 --> 00:35:26,030
[music] the
548
00:35:26,280 --> 00:35:30,100
caiman also instinctively knows what
549
00:35:30,100 --> 00:35:33,090
to measure
550
00:35:33,420 --> 00:35:41,119
[music]
551
00:35:46,050 --> 00:35:52,580
[music] the
552
00:35:53,970 --> 00:35:57,720
jaguar is lucky today the
553
00:35:58,680 --> 00:36:02,080
larger and adult caiman could not
554
00:36:02,080 --> 00:36:05,520
let him go so easily
555
00:36:07,740 --> 00:36:12,240
in the wilds of latin america
556
00:36:13,280 --> 00:36:15,470
amazonian jungle are they full of streams and
557
00:36:15,470 --> 00:36:16,450
rivers
558
00:36:16,450 --> 00:36:19,940
they all flow into the most powerful river in the
559
00:36:19,940 --> 00:36:22,150
world
560
00:36:25,080 --> 00:36:27,760
its length is more than six and a half thousand
561
00:36:27,760 --> 00:36:31,210
kilometers it flows from the peruvian andes to the
562
00:36:31,210 --> 00:36:33,820
east coast of brazil where it
563
00:36:33,820 --> 00:36:36,180
stretches for 240 kilometers
564
00:36:36,180 --> 00:36:42,109
[music]
565
00:36:42,109 --> 00:36:44,690
more water enters the ocean from the amazon
566
00:36:44,690 --> 00:36:47,450
than from the next nine
567
00:36:47,450 --> 00:36:50,420
largest rivers combined it
568
00:36:50,420 --> 00:36:53,329
contains 5 of all the fresh water on the
569
00:36:53,329 --> 00:36:55,180
planet
570
00:36:55,180 --> 00:37:00,220
[music] the
571
00:37:00,220 --> 00:37:03,030
amazons more than a thousand tributaries
572
00:37:03,030 --> 00:37:05,140
some of them are muddy due to the
573
00:37:05,140 --> 00:37:07,750
fertile silt that they bring in from the andes
574
00:37:07,750 --> 00:37:09,780
575
00:37:09,780 --> 00:37:13,690
other acidic waters in them light black
576
00:37:13,690 --> 00:37:15,840
tea
577
00:37:15,840 --> 00:37:18,910
near the city of manaus The
578
00:37:18,910 --> 00:37:21,390
remains of the water mixes with the waters of the Rio Negro,
579
00:37:21,390 --> 00:37:23,800
which itself is one of the
580
00:37:23,800 --> 00:37:26,020
largest rivers in the world, together they
581
00:37:26,020 --> 00:37:29,660
form the main course of the Amazon
582
00:37:29,660 --> 00:37:31,690
and
583
00:37:33,730 --> 00:37:36,010
the water temperatures in the two rivers are different and
584
00:37:36,010 --> 00:37:38,050
they flow at different speeds,
585
00:37:38,050 --> 00:37:40,119
so their waters do not mix
586
00:37:40,119 --> 00:37:43,980
for about 10 kilometers and
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00:37:43,980 --> 00:37:47,109
their confluence is one of the
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00:37:47,109 --> 00:37:49,480
richest freshwater habitats in the
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00:37:49,480 --> 00:37:51,690
world
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00:37:53,150 --> 00:37:55,490
in the amazon being introduced more
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00:37:55,490 --> 00:37:58,250
species of fish than in the entire Atlantic
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00:37:58,250 --> 00:38:00,670
Ocean
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00:38:03,660 --> 00:38:07,240
there are fish that are rumored to be able to
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00:38:07,240 --> 00:38:09,690
swallow a person alive and
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00:38:09,690 --> 00:38:12,850
piranhas famous for being
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00:38:12,850 --> 00:38:17,730
able to eat all the meat from the bones in a matter of minutes
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00:38:20,190 --> 00:38:23,080
here live creatures that are afraid of
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00:38:23,080 --> 00:38:24,360
feasting
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00:38:24,360 --> 00:38:25,550
[applause]
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00:38:25,550 --> 00:38:28,710
[music]
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00:38:28,710 --> 00:38:31,550
Amazonian dolphin and beautiful hunters
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00:38:31,550 --> 00:38:35,339
they are almost slippery but visibility in the river is
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00:38:35,339 --> 00:38:37,740
almost nil so vision and i
604
00:38:37,740 --> 00:38:42,920
need them to hunt with echolocation
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00:38:44,030 --> 00:38:48,180
[music]
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00:38:48,180 --> 00:38:50,520
sound waves bounce off objects of
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00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:52,950
river dwellers and get into the growth on
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00:38:52,950 --> 00:38:55,559
their head so they build a very accurate
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00:38:55,559 --> 00:38:58,619
sound picture of the underwater world they
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00:38:58,619 --> 00:39:03,500
can detect in the water even a pin
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00:39:08,840 --> 00:39:13,369
[applause]
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00:39:39,050 --> 00:39:42,010
life in the rivers is in full swing
613
00:39:42,010 --> 00:39:44,510
many rivers is one of the reasons for
614
00:39:44,510 --> 00:39:48,490
its diversity of the local world
615
00:39:49,940 --> 00:39:51,920
live it is easy for us to overcome small
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00:39:51,920 --> 00:39:52,930
streams
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00:39:52,930 --> 00:39:57,410
but larger ones they cannot cross the width of the
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00:39:57,410 --> 00:40:02,140
amazon in places reaches 30 kilometers the
619
00:40:02,140 --> 00:40:06,109
rivers form barriers and cut off some
620
00:40:06,109 --> 00:40:09,860
living beings from others
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00:40:09,860 --> 00:40:12,560
[music ]
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00:40:12,560 --> 00:40:16,110
this network of waterways d divides the Amazonian
623
00:40:16,110 --> 00:40:19,670
jungle into many islands
624
00:40:19,940 --> 00:40:22,770
they look like a big green blanket
625
00:40:22,770 --> 00:40:25,610
that stretches to the horizon
626
00:40:25,610 --> 00:40:28,860
but some areas separated by large
627
00:40:28,860 --> 00:40:33,080
rivers are very different from others
628
00:40:33,110 --> 00:40:36,630
foggy forests at the foot of the andes are nothing
629
00:40:36,630 --> 00:40:39,800
like the lowlands
630
00:40:39,800 --> 00:40:42,440
cut off from their relatives animals
631
00:40:42,440 --> 00:40:45,650
evolve into new species
632
00:40:45,650 --> 00:40:48,729
[music]
633
00:40:51,290 --> 00:40:55,190
an example of this tamarins serve
634
00:40:55,190 --> 00:40:57,690
these small primates occupied the
635
00:40:57,690 --> 00:41:00,740
middle level of tropical forests
636
00:41:00,740 --> 00:41:04,050
they live under the canopy and cannot be
637
00:41:04,050 --> 00:41:07,710
reached not by the claws of harpies not by the deadly
638
00:41:07,710 --> 00:41:10,910
sting of the inhabitants of the
639
00:41:12,920 --> 00:41:16,020
lowlands, unlike other primates, they have
640
00:41:16,020 --> 00:41:18,090
claws that help them move
641
00:41:18,090 --> 00:41:21,650
vertically through the trees
642
00:41:23,859 --> 00:41:25,960
in the Amazonian jungle there are dozens of
643
00:41:25,960 --> 00:41:28,319
species of tamarins
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00:41:28,319 --> 00:41:30,430
some some of them live on small
645
00:41:30,430 --> 00:41:32,529
islands cut off from the outside world by
646
00:41:32,529 --> 00:41:35,069
rivers,
647
00:41:44,270 --> 00:41:46,010
some marinas are found only
648
00:41:46,010 --> 00:41:49,780
near the city of manaus, the
649
00:41:53,960 --> 00:41:57,480
city slowly invades their forest
650
00:41:57,480 --> 00:41:59,780
world
651
00:42:00,440 --> 00:42:03,559
[music]
652
00:42:04,599 --> 00:42:07,339
manaus grows and a group of monkeys
653
00:42:07,339 --> 00:42:09,880
becomes separated from each other
654
00:42:09,880 --> 00:42:13,869
all around the river and disappears
655
00:42:13,869 --> 00:42:17,029
piebald tamarins as a species endangered
656
00:42:17,029 --> 00:42:17,719
657
00:42:17,719 --> 00:42:21,759
they are about to become extinct
658
00:42:23,890 --> 00:42:27,109
but this group adapts perfectly
659
00:42:27,109 --> 00:42:29,200
to their new home
660
00:42:29,200 --> 00:42:31,460
natural agility helps them master
661
00:42:31,460 --> 00:42:32,860
urban landscapes
662
00:42:32,860 --> 00:42:35,760
[music]
663
00:42:35,760 --> 00:42:39,240
walls and wires are not much different from
664
00:42:39,240 --> 00:42:41,930
branches or on the
665
00:42:46,610 --> 00:42:49,290
amazonian jungle a complex system of
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00:42:49,290 --> 00:42:52,140
different habitats where a
667
00:42:52,140 --> 00:42:56,120
huge number of different species live
668
00:42:57,400 --> 00:43:01,060
this system is larger than any forest many worlds are intertwined here the
669
00:43:01,060 --> 00:43:04,680
670
00:43:06,309 --> 00:43:08,979
largest river in the world divides the forest into a
671
00:43:08,979 --> 00:43:11,709
plot forcing animals and plants to
672
00:43:11,709 --> 00:43:14,490
evolve
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00:43:14,490 --> 00:43:21,470
[music] a
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00:43:21,470 --> 00:43:23,900
constant climate allows every
675
00:43:23,900 --> 00:43:25,090
living creature to
676
00:43:25,090 --> 00:43:28,330
adapt to life
677
00:43:33,790 --> 00:43:36,910
but the modern world is attacking nature
678
00:43:36,910 --> 00:43:39,730
and obviously animals are becoming very
679
00:43:39,730 --> 00:43:43,510
vulnerable the future of the Amazonian jungle is in
680
00:43:43,510 --> 00:43:46,050
our hands and we must respect the
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00:43:46,050 --> 00:43:49,800
integrity of this world
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