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i have a confession to make
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but first
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i want you
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to make a little confession to me
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in the past year wouldn't you just raise
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your hand if you've experienced
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relatively little stress anyone
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how about a moderate amount of stress
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who's experienced a lot of stress yeah
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me too
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but that is not my confession
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my confession is this
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i'm a health psychologist and my mission
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is to help people be happier and
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healthier
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but i fear
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that something i've been teaching for
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the last 10 years
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is doing more harm than good
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and it has to do with stress
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for years i've been telling people
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stress makes you sick
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it increases the risk of everything from
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the common cold to cardiovascular
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disease
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basically i've turned stress into the
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enemy
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but i've changed my mind about stress
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and today
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i want to change yours
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let me start with the study that made me
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rethink my whole approach to stress this
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study tracked 30 000 adults in the
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united states for eight years and they
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started by asking people
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how much stress have you experienced in
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the last year
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they also asked
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do you believe that stress is harmful
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for your health
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and then they use public death records
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to find out who died
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okay
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some bad news first
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people who experience a lot of stress in
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the previous year had a 43
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increased risk of dying
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but
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that was only true for the people who
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also believed that stress is harmful for
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your health
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people who experienced a lot of stress
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but did not view stress as harmful were
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no more likely to die in fact they had
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the lowest risk of dying of anyone in
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the study including people who had
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relatively little stress
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now the researchers estimated that over
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the eight years they were tracking
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deaths
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182 000 americans died prematurely not
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from stress but from the belief that
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stress is bad for you
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that is over 20 000 deaths a year
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now if that estimate is correct that
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would make believing stress is bad for
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you the 15th largest cause of death in
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the united states last year
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killing more people than skin cancer hiv
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aids and homicide
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you can see why the study freaked me out
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here i've been spending so much energy
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telling people
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stress is bad for your health
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so this study got me wondering can
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changing how you think about stress
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make you healthier and here the science
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says yes when you change your mind about
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stress you can change your body's
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response to stress
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now to explain how this works i want you
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all to pretend that you are participants
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in a study designed to stress you out
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it's called the social stress test
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you come into the laboratory and you're
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told you have to give a five-minute
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impromptu speech
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on your personal weaknesses
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to a panel of expert evaluators sitting
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right in front of you and to make sure
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you feel the pressure there are bright
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lights and a camera in your face kind of
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like this
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and
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the evaluators have been trained to give
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you discouraging non-verbal feedback
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like this
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now that you're sufficiently demoralized
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time for part two a math test and
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unbeknownst to you the experimenter has
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been trained to harass you during it
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now we're gonna all do this together
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it's gonna be fun
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for me
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okay
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i want you all to count backwards from
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996 in increments of seven you're going
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to do this out loud as fast as you can
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starting with 996. go
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go faster
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faster please you're going too slow
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stop stop stop stop that guy made a
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mistake we're gonna have to start all
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over again
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you're not very good at this are you
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okay so you get the idea now if you were
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actually in this study you'd probably be
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a little stressed out your heart might
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be pounding you might be breathing
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faster maybe breaking out into a sweat
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and normally we interpret these physical
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changes as anxiety or signs that we
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aren't coping very well with the
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pressure
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but what if you viewed them instead as
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signs that your body was energized was
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preparing you to meet this challenge
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now that is exactly what participants
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were told in a study conducted at
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harvard university
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before they went through the social
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stress tests they were taught to rethink
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their stress responses helpful
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that pounding heart is preparing you for
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action
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if you're breathing faster it's no
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problem it's getting more oxygen to your
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brain
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and participants who learned to view the
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stress response as helpful for their
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performance well they were less stressed
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out less anxious more confident
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but the most fascinating finding to me
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was how their physical stress response
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changed
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now in a typical stress response your
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heart rate goes up and your blood
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vessels constrict like this
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and this is one of the reasons that
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chronic stress is sometimes associated
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with cardiovascular disease it's not
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really healthy to be in this state all
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the time
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but in the study when participants
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viewed their stress response as helpful
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their blood vessels stayed relaxed like
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this
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their heart was still pounding but this
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is a much healthier cardiovascular
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profile it actually looks a lot like
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what happens in moments of joy
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and
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courage
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a lifetime of stressful experiences this
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one biological change could be the
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difference between a stress-induced
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heart attack at age 50 and living well
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into your 90s
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and this is really what the new science
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of stress reveals that how you think
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about stress matters
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so my goal as a health psychologist has
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changed i no longer want to get rid of
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your stress i want to make you better at
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stress
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and we just did a little intervention
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if you raised your hand and said you'd
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had a lot of stress in the last year we
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could have saved your life
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because hopefully the next time your
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heart is pounding from stress you're
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going to remember this talk and you're
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going to think to yourself
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this is my body helping me rise to this
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challenge
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and when you view stress in that way
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your body believes you
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and your stress response becomes
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healthier
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now i said i have over a decade of
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demonizing stress to redeem myself from
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so we are going to do one more
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intervention
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i want to tell you about one of the most
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underappreciated aspects of the stress
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response and the idea is this
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stress makes you social
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to understand the side of stress we need
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to talk about a hormone oxytocin and i
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know
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oxytocin has already gotten as much hype
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as a hormone can get it even has its own
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cute nickname the cuddle hormone because
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it's released when you hug someone
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but this is a very small part of what
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oxytocin is involved in
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oxytocin is a neurohormone it fine-tunes
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your brain's social instincts
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it primes you to do things that
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strengthen close relationships
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oxytocin makes you crave physical
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contact with your friends and family it
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enhances your empathy it even makes you
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more willing to help and support the
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people you care about
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some people have even suggested we
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should snort oxytocin
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to become more compassionate and caring
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but here's what most people don't
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understand about oxytocin
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it's a stress hormone
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your pituitary gland pumps this stuff
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out as part of the stress response it's
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as much a part of your stress response
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as the adrenaline that makes your heart
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pound
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and when oxytocin is released in the
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stress response it is motivating you to
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seek support your biological stress
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response is nudging you to tell someone
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how you feel
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instead of bottling it up
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your stress response wants to make sure
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you notice when someone else in your
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life is struggling so that you can
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support each other
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when life is difficult your stress
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response wants you to be surrounded by
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people who care about you
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okay so how is knowing this side of
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stress going to make you healthier
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well oxytocin doesn't only act on your
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brain it also acts on your body
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and one of its main roles in your body
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is to protect your cardiovascular system
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from the effects of stress it's a
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natural anti-inflammatory it also helps
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your blood vessels stay relaxed during
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stress but my favorite effect on the
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body is actually on the heart
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your heart has receptors for this
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hormone
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and oxytocin helps heart cells
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regenerate and heal from any
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stress-induced damage
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this stress hormone
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strengthens your heart
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and the cool thing is is that all of
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these physical benefits of oxytocin are
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enhanced by social contact and social
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support
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so when you reach out to others under
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stress either to seek support or to help
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someone else you release more of this
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hormone your stress response becomes
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healthier and you actually recover
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faster from stress
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i find this amazing
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that your stress response has a built-in
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mechanism
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for stress resilience
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and that mechanism is human connection
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i want to finish by telling you about
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one more study and listen up because
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this study could also save a life
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this study tracked about a thousand
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adults in the united states and they
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ranged in age from 34 to 93.
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and they started the study by asking
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how much stress have you experienced in
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the last year
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they also asked how much time have you
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spent helping out friends
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neighbors people in your community
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and then they use public records for the
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next five years to find out who died
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okay so the bad news first
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for every major stressful life
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experience like financial difficulties
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or family crisis
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that increased the risk of dying by 30
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percent
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but
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and i hope you are expecting a butt by
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now
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but that wasn't true for everyone
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people who spent time caring for others
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showed absolutely no stress-related
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increase in dying zero
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caring created resilience
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and so we see once again that the
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harmful effects of stress on your health
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are not inevitable
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how you think
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and how you act can transform your
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experience of stress
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when you choose to view your stress
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response as helpful
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you create the biology of courage
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and when you choose to connect with
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others under stress
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you can create resilience
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now
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i wouldn't necessarily ask for more
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stressful experiences in my life
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but
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this science has given me a whole new
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appreciation for stress
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stress gives us access to our hearts
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the compassionate heart
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that finds joy and meaning in connecting
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with others
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and yes your pounding physical heart
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working so hard to give you strength and
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energy
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and when you choose to view stress in
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this way
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you're not just getting better at stress
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you're actually making a pretty profound
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statement
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you're saying that you can trust
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yourself
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to handle life's challenges
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and
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you're remembering that you don't have
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to face them alone
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thank you
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[Applause]
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thank you
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[Applause]
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i mean this is um this is kind of
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amazing what you're telling us it's just
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it seems amazing to me that a belief
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about stress can make so much difference
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to
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someone's life expectancy
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how would that extend to advice like if
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someone's making a lifestyle choice
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between say a stressful job
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and a non-stressful job is it does it
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matter that which way they go that it's
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it's equally wise to go for the
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stressful job so long as you believe
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that you can handle it in some sense
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yeah and one thing we know for certain
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is that chasing meaning is better for
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your health than trying to avoid
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discomfort and so i would say that's
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really the best way to make decisions is
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go after what it is that creates meaning
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in your life and then trust yourself to
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handle the stress that follows
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thank you so much
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[Applause]
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[Music]
25176
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