All language subtitles for code.of.trust.2019.1080p.web.h264-skyfire_track3_[eng]

(eerie music)

If you take the early
years of the internet,

when there were only geeks
like me and others on to that,

You really couldn't
use it for that much,

but you knew it had
enormous potential.

You could communicate
via protocol

to any computer hooked
up to that network.

Wow.

That's like, "woah".

But the premise of blockchain is
actually much further than that,

becasue we already have that.

But it is about how we transact.

(static noise)

Who can you trust?

Fake news,

lying politicians,

corrupted banks,

nations in freefall.

In a time of conflict
this is crucial.

When neutral media
has fled the scene,

and all we are left
with is our selves.

(helicopter propellers)

The only thing
certain is numbers.

In a time when information
was kept secret,

and under the radar,

I put my trust in code.

(computer keyboard typing)

Me and Rizah were
hacking whatever

system we could get into.

Inserting worms,
Trojan horses and spyware,

hoping it would buy us and
our families some time.

But we were running out…

(loud banging on the door)

Expecting anyone?

No.

(tense music)

Hello?

- Who was it?
- I don't know.

Someone left this.

With your name on it.

Creepy.

What is it?

From the moment I saw
the photographs...

(girl crying)

I knew somebody had
trusted us with their life.

I know it sounds funny because,

that envelope was like a
death sentence, really.

But it gave me hope.

We had some hard evidence,
and it was given to me.

Somebody had trusted us.

Trust is very hard to define.

An essential glue in
the social fabric.

So, a society without trust
is not really a society.

Society, it's a
regional peculiarity.

It is really important
to understand that.

The blockchain is a
global technology.

It exists in places that
essentially don't have society.

(tense music)

But of course, in everyday life,

we trust technologies
in a number of ways.

We depend on them.

So, that means that
trust runs very deep

also into the technological
infrastructure

that governs many
aspects our lives.

The Chain Cloud.

One of my first apps.

It was, well is,
a cloud service to upload,

store and share
anything digital.

Built on the blockchain
protocol, decentralised,

secured by millions of
computers working in sync.

That made practically
it un-hackable,

and only accessible if you
know the cryptographic key.

(whispered counting)

Memorize the key,
and your stuff will be safe.

The blockchain is this
new network of trust

that enables transactions to
be validated on computers.

So now, instead of
going to a third party,

instead of going
to an intermediary

that could be a bank,
or a financial institution

or a corporation,
that we trust today.

The trust is going to be
in the network of computers

that are talking with each
other,

that are always in synch
with eachother,

that always know what
the others are doing.

That is why we say the that
blockchain is a trust network.

That was my last one.

Oh shit!

(suspenseful music)

(gunshot)

(upbeat synth)

We had destroyed
all the evidence,

but also all our papers.

I have been thinking
a lot about that.

Just a decade ago, it would
mean erasing ourselves.

But not then. Not now.

This just felt like freedom.

So, 90 days from now?

Yes, 90 days...

Be careful.

You too.

You know, when I was a kid.

All my communication
services were

provided by the establishment.

By the government.

My phone, my mail,
my radio, my television,

it was all provided
by the establishment.

By the government itself.

My kids today,

they don't use the government
for any of those things.

They don't need their phones,

they don't need their mail,
they don't need their radio

and they definitely
don't need their tv.

Because the internet was
signalling the separation

of communication and
media from state.

It just separated the two,

like there was a separation
of religion and state.

Today, much of the establishment

is about serving the need of
storing common repositories.

Whether it is the most important
common repository, the banks

- who has how much money,
or how much whatever -

that is one repository,

but there is also
land repositories,

there is also health records,
and criminal records,

and all those repositories
that are managed by the state.

By the government.

They are not needed
for that anymore.

Is it anti-establishment?

Is the internet
anti-establishment?

It is not 'anti'.

It's just a better alternative,
a more advanced technology

to achieve the
same thing without

need for central control.

The promise of this technology,

coupled with others,

provides the notion
that the trust

that used to be, or still is,

within third party
organizations,

is something that is questioned.

(muffled telephone call)

Nazreen Aini?

- Vicky Jones.
- Nazreen.

Shall we?

Ok Nazreen, let's just go
over this one more time.

You are Nazreen
Aini, 26 years old.

And you lost all your
ID papers when you fled.

No, stolen.

All my ID papers were
stolen by traffickers.

What I would like to know is:

how did you get here
without any papers?

Well, have you heard
about blockchain?

Okay, what has
the blockchain to do

with you being here
with no papers?

Well, before I fled,

I uploaded all my documents
into a Digital Grab Bag.

Ok, so you know computing?

Fundamentally, a blockchain can
ensure that you can transact

in a way which is safe,
secure and trusted.

Now, most ways that we
transact in society today,

we are dependent on a third
party to have established trust.

But the blockchain
eradicates, or can eradicate,

the fact that trust
needs to be established

between these two people.

I am not talking only about
monetary transactions.

Because I think
there is much bigger

potential in other
places before that.

Identity is something
which is massive.

So once you start moving
to those things,

you are actually moving into the
fourth industrial revolution,

which is that
technology will become

an inherent part of our society.

So, the bus will take you
to the Refugee Centre,

and then you will hear from us

when we have
proceeded your case.

- Ok.
- Ok.

- Good luck.
- Thank you.

(car door slams)

At that point, my life depended
entirely on the blockchain.

That's what kept me safe.

I was memorizing the
cryptographic key

as a matter of life and death.

I remember thinking,

this is how it feels to
put your trust in numbers.

(sinister horn)

(sultry music)

Adil?

How much?

- 1,500 with papers.
- No papers.

1,500 anyway.

No, no. Bitcoin only.

I don't… I lost my mobile. This
is all I have. Please. Please?

Come on! Get in!

Fucking cash!

(upbeat music)

There was nothing
special about my escape.

I tried to blend in.

Never argue, never laugh.

Just disappear.

Get on the boat,
into the cars, the trains,

pass the borders and
avoid the authorities.

Do you think these
papers will work?

(slow piano music)

I think so.

We need trust, Adil.
We have no choice.

Would I still have left

if I knew how my new
society would welcome me?

Move!

Hey ! you stop.

(heavy, fast-paced music)

(alarm)

Next!

Drop your clothes
in the freezer.

You get your gear back
in a couple of days.

But, why?

To kill your bugs.

Next!

Drop your clothes
in the freezer.

You get your gear back
in a couple of days.

(tense music)

So that was a little bit about
resident application procedure.

Now, let's move on to
personal economy.

The most common
currency here is Eurobits.

It's the official
cryptocurrency,

that can be used for anything

from buying in a grocery store,

shopping online, to paying
for public transportation.

Does anyone know what
a cryptocurrency is?

Cryptocurrency is like
money with a purpose.

So, now we can program money to
allow it to be transferred

based on some conditions.

So we can do scenarios like:

"If... this... then... that".

And that is why a
lot of developers

are very excited
about the blockchain,

because now they
can program money

in ways that were
not possible before.

The easiest way to
understand it is to say

that right now I give you
money, I give you one dollar,

but the thing is, I can now
attach conditions to it.

So I can say,
"you will only get this money,

if you spend it for this."

So for pocket money,
lets say, for a parent,

you'll have total
control over the money.

If that money is
not spent for what

we think it is
going to spent for,

it comes back into my
wallet, magically, by itself.

If I were to ask you 20 years
ago, or even 10 years ago,

And

"How much would it cost me
to issue a digital currency

that anyone in the
world can use?"

You are probably going to tell
me it's going to cost you...

No money would be enough!

But now it costs a dollar.

Your allowances, however,
will be in Restricted Eurobits.

Hence the "r".

They are only valid
for buying food,

hygienic products, and
local buses... necessities.

You cannot send
them as remittances

or buying any international
travel tickets...

We all think we live
in a free market.

We don't.

A free market is a free market

where you have
choice of currency.

We don't have that,
we have a monopoly of currency.

We think we live
in a free market,

which doesn't work
for some reason.

Why doesn't the
free market work?

Because it's not free.
It's very monopolistic.

A free market is not
just about a choice of

how you want to
spend your money.

It's about the choice of how
you want to hold your money.

Okay, let's try to transfer
some of your allowances.

If you think about it, every
currency is a community.

It is a community
of its holders.

Which is what gives it
value, because they value it.

When I am choosing to
change what I hold,

So, instead of
holding this currency,

I want to hold a different one.

Essentially I am
moving between groups.

And I'm making that
group stronger,

or making the
group I left weaker.

So, you have a lot of
effect as an individual,

by the choice of how you
want to store your capital.

And you can argue
that this choice

is even stronger than the choice
that you apply when you vote.

Because it has an actual and
direct effect on these economies

that you choose from.

(murmured chattering)

This was my new family.

Inspite of our
different beliefs

and cultural backgrounds,

we had something in common.

We had all experienced
badly run governments,

corrupted states,
bribes and hyperinflation,

manipulated elections, conflicts

and now we shared the
same restricted currency.

My new family was
born out of mistrust.

Tea, please?

(tense music builds)

…"In order to place
a democratically

chosen candidate in power.

The ruling party has
won a landslide victory

in yesterday's
general elections".

How is your company
going, Nazreen?

Are you and…

- Rizah?
- Yes Rizah!

And are you well?

It's ok.

We are so proud of you.

- Heh!
- Yes, yes….good.

The integrity of the electoral
process have been compromised…

Now…let's eat!

(laughter)

Well, it started being
anti-establishment.

The idea that you're
going to issue currency

without requiring
a central bank.

Very radical.

In those days it
was called bitcoin.

And people pretty quickly
realised that they

were operating in a position

were they had lots and
lots of legal exposure,

because although they had
something that worked,

they did not have something
which could be governed.

What comes of this is
this term blockchain,

which is where you take the
political vision of bitcoin,

split it away from the
technology of bitcoin

and throw away the
political vision.

Now, a lot of people then think,

well, we sold out,
the game is over.

Actually, I used to say,
look, I don't fear the state.

I fear that the state
will collapse before

we have a meaningful
alternative.

So, I started worrying about global
financial collapse in 2003.

When it hit in 2008,
I was extremely surprised

that the collapse didn't
go further immediately.

Instead, we are on
a much slower path,

where the American democracy
is at breaking point.

Not because they did
anything anti-democratic,

but because America
got in to a position where

the culture couldn't keep all
the promises to its own people.

We're in a position where you
can legitimately see cracks

on the façade of the world's
most powerful government.

Into this we then put
the bitcoin story.

If the dollar collapses,
what is bitcoin worth?

Right?

A bitcoin is still going
to be worth a bitcoin,

but if the dollar is worth
a tenth of what it is today,

you might see your bitcoin
is worth 100,000 dollars

not because the bitcoin
is suddenly worth a lot more,

but because the dollar is
worth an awful lot less.

In that scenario,

if bitcoin then winds up heavily
used to maintain global trade,

because it is stable,
and not controlled by anybody...

Anti-government?
Anti-establishment?

Or is it the new establishment?

(creaking train)

(suspenseful music)

I'm scared.

We stick to the plan.

Once you and me and
our families are safe,

we meet where we agreed
and release the documents.

The world needs to
know, Nazreen.

I am so sorry.

Restricted currency…

What a waste of potential.

Money should be moving.

(music playing from car)

Restricted Eurobits wasn't
going to help me or my family.

I needed to get hold
of some real money.

- Hi.
- Hi.

R-Eurobits?

- R-Eurobits to...?
- Bitcoin.

- That's 100 to 1.
- 100 to 1?

- Yeah.
- That's…

- I know.
- Ok.

Yeah, ok.

Could I borrow the computer?

Yeah, ok.

Use FreeTransfer. It's safe.

Okay.

(door creaks open)

(tense music)

On the one hand you have
money that is programmable.

You can send it across
the entire world,

instantaneously, almost free.

You can send it to
old people, to young people,

to poor people, to rich people,

to people across
races, ethnicities.

I can send money to someone in

Indonesia right
now if I want to.

And with Fiat money none
of these things applies.

Fiat currency is not going to
go away the way we see it today.

However,
cryptocurrency is going to

take an increasingly important
and increasingly larger role.

Whenever someone comes and says,

"Here comes some technology,

and it is going to make
the industry obsolete."

It never makes an industry
obsolete, it changes it.

So, the key is to
change with technology

if the technology has an
impact on what you are doing.

Who would spend bitcoin
to pay for a pizza today?

I could buy a pizza to you
and we could have some beers.

And then tomorrow I could have
bought 3 pizzas and 20 beers.

It just doesn't make any sense.

The fluctuating value
of cryptocurrencies

is not a feature and it
is not a bug neither.

It is more a symptom of
something underlying.

And the underlying
thing here is what we

call the monetization
of a new asset.

And 10,000 years ago
gold was monetized.

Gold started as just a
normal commodity,

and it turned into money.

It took many,
many thousands of years.

But gold ended up as something
having massive value.

The same thing is happening now

with bitcoin and other
cryptocurrencies.

They're going from something
which is not money, into money.

And because the
supply is limited,

the price necessarily
has to rise immensely.

I had put the fate of my family
in a fraction of a Bitcoin.

All I could do was hope
it would get them out

and in safety.

(melancholic piano)

The days in the Refugee
Centre seemed endless.

I isolated myself
with my thoughts.

(upbeat music)

(door knocking)

Expecting anyone?

No.

Hello?

- Who was it?
- I don't know.

Someone left this.
With your name on it.

(scream)

(door knocking)

Are you ok? I heard you scream.

I'm fine. Just a bad dream.

I know it is not easy
to leave it all behind.

We're going to have
a gathering now in

the common room.
You might want to…

Some other time, maybe…

(suspensful music)

They were all dead.

If they catch us with those
photographs, we're next.

Listen! This place is not safe.

We need to clear it up and
get the hell out of here!

(intense music)

I am scared.

We stick to the plan.

Once you and me and
our families are safe,

we meet where we agreed
and release the documents.

The world needs to
know, Nazreen.

Nazreen,
we are going to be fine.

Come here.

Trust me.

(dramatic music)

Rizah? Where are you?

(tense music)

(tense music gets faster)

(music grows quieter)

You must have made
quite an impression.

It usually takes months to
get an e-Resident number.

I don't know…

Well, listen carefully.

That number comes with a set
of rules that you must follow.

For the next 6 months:

One: Do not leave the state.

Two: Do not break the law.
And I mean, at all!

Even a subway fine will
get you in trouble.

Listen!

Nazreen,
I am telling you this because

your number is set up
with a smart contract,

a set of automated rules
and if you break them,

well, then you don't have any
possibilities to repeal.

You will be dealing
with a machine. Ok?

Ok, so, a smart contract
is a piece of code

that executes and transacts
when certain conditions are met.

If you look at a
contract made by a lawyer

you will recognize very quickly
that all of it could be code

instead of being
a word document.

Because everything is,

"In the event of
this, we will do this,

and if this happens,
then that will..."

So, everything is really
programming loops with events.

That could be recreated in
any programming language.

So what needs to happen

is that lawyers
need to brush up on

their programming
skills rapidly,

because from now
all the contracts

they make will be made in code.

Well, the bottom line is we
don't know whether the smart

contract is going to turn
out to be important or not.

But the world works right
now largely on paper,

or close simulations of paper.

A PDF file that is emailed is
a close simulation of paper.

It's a slightly more
convenient way of doing paper,

but it doesn't really do
anything paper can't do.

So to all intents of purposes,

we just have manual processes
with electronic communications.

And that is consuming
10... 20... 30%

of the people in
any organization.

Because those
manual processes are

what you think of
as craft production.

We have craft
production of deals.

It is like chipping
away with a mallet.

And, craft production of deals
makes the deals unreliable.

One in 20 goes wrong.

So if you have a
process which has

five or six deals
interconnected,

that process will have an
error rate of about 30%.

So, to get rid of that problem

we then create organizations
in the middle

which buffer the
uncertainty of these deals,

and these are things
like prime contractors.

So, the world is made of
huge buffering organizations

that take the unreliability
of the ordinary world

and pad it to try
and produce something

which is reliable and efficient.

(electronic music)

May I come in for a minute?

Yes, I was just packing my
bag, it didn't take me too long.

It's a perk of being on the
run, I guess.

So, the social service
got you a flat?

Yes.

You know,
I got something for you.

My son is into online gaming and

these things quickly
get outdated, so...

But it is very good
for surfing and…

Thank you, I…

No need for that. Good luck!

Nazreen, you know what?

You have to go out there
and make yourself trustworthy.

No one will ever
trust a refugee.

Go out there and prove yourself.
Okay?

(hopeful electronic music)

(keyboard tapping)

It was like getting
my life back.

It did not take them
long to track me down.

We are in a race. We are.

It's an industrial race,
and every country is out

there to capitalize off
this and make money.

And that's how the world
works and that's fine.

But then let's be at
the forefront of that

and let's be the ones
that takes responsibility.

Right now, the PR is that

it is all decentralization,
privacy, encryption and wonder.

It could very easily also become

the perfect machinery
for tracking everything

in the world and changing the
law in an arbitrary fashion

and having robots carry
out the rule changes.

You're going to like
one of those a lot more

than you're going
to like the other.

(electronic music)

Why are you fearing that we
implement this technology?

Well, because of this and that.

Maybe you have point.
So what do we do about it?

We fall too easily
prey to this story

that we cannot
control technology,

and we shouldn't control it,

that we should just
give them free rein.

That they should
run their course,

and then we should
try to patch up

the negative
consequences afterwards.

If you don't care

about the technologies
that are emerging today,

and you don't try to
understand what is coming,

you are irrelevant
in the future.

(loud footsteps)

(quiet music builds)

(calm piano music)

My own flat.

It wasn't much.

But all my friends were here.

(computer notification beep)

I got invited by some
hackers to a Hackathon.

I had the possibility of a job.

Things were looking good.

The only one missing was Rizah.

(upbeat music)

It was just like the old days.

They were all here, the
stressed out organizers,

the confident developers
the hackers,

and the ones you want to
impress, the investors.

OK, welcome everybody!
This is the Hackathon!

Hackathons always had
that special energy.

All these programmers coming
together to push the boundaries.

We were like pioneers at
the frontier of technology.

Ok, everyone.
Your 24 hours starts now!

(overlapping conversation)

- Hi guys.
- Hi!

Do you guys need a programmer?

Absolutely, have a seat.

So what's the idea?

That is what we are
trying to find out.

Yeah, we're brainstorming.

Trying to find out what we
could do to make a huge impact.

And we're just trying
to find some sort of

narrow group of people

and find a problem that
we can solve in 24 hours.

Not an easy task.

(laughter)

So if you can program something
right now, that would be great!

I will do my best!

(laughter)

Before, people would say,

"What do you want to
do with blockchain?"

And everyone says, "Well,
we want to change the world."

And it's like, "Well,
you and everyone else, buddy!"

But it is actually us
and everyone else, right?

It's you. It's me.
It's the crew.

It's everyone who's
going to connect.

Education is key,
and if we empower people,

we have more control over
what happens in our society.

Be it for better or for worse.

We don't believe in fairy tales.

Not everything is
going to be smooth.

But with blockchain it will help
us develop future technology

in a way that can be moderated
to some degree by all of us.

I totally lost myself
in the writing.

Gone was the escape,
the photographs.

Even Rizah faded.

(beeping)

But then it all came back,

and hit me like a bullet.

(tense music, typing)

(frantic music)

Nazreen! Nazreen!

Nazreen? Nazreen? It's Eve!

Hello! Nazreen!
What are you doing here?

It's freezing cold!

Come, come.

So, The thing about trust is...

It is very easy for
people to focus on trust,

but, again,
trust is kind of a ghost.

Trust is really just another way
of saying, "nothing went wrong".

But I think that
trust produces a very

fuzzy sense of relations
between people.

Relations between people are not
what you want technology for.

Trust feels nice because we have
a human instinct towards trust.

But, in a
7.5-billion-person world

with lots and lots of trouble
all around that world,

trust is actually probably
not going to extend into

the places that we
want to extend trade.

What you really
want is reliability.

How do you engineer reliability
into the transactions

that you have with
people in faraway places

where there is no
basis for trust?

Right? Trustless.

Listen Eve,

I want to thank you for
everything you've done.

For trusting me.

No need for that.

I don't need any technology

to tell me who's a
good person or not.

I have always
trusted my instincts.

You are so old school…

(computer notification beep)

The release,

I totally forgot.

It's today!

You held on to that as it
was a matter of life or death!

I need your help.

Can you drive me?

(blues riff)

Sure...

Are you in trouble?

I don't know.

Anti-government?
Anti-establishment?

Or is it the new establishment?

"Oh,
those boys from the internet

figured out global currency".

"Well, they figured out
global communications,

why shouldn't they figure
out global currency?"

"We got currency that works
as well as email. Amazing!"

Anti-establishment?
Early-establishment?

New-establishment?
Which way are we going here?

I don't think anybody
has an answer to that.

But I've been to a couple
of events this year,

when I look around it was like,

"Wow, this is a gathering
of the new global elite".

It's a different global elite.

They are more randomly selected
than the existing global elite.

The rules of the game they
are playing are very different.

But do you get a
better society just

because you put nerds in charge?

I guess we are
going to find out,

because no one seems able to
compete with us effectively.

What happens next?

(tense music)

Are you sure this
is the right place?

I think so.

No matter what you're up
to, please be careful.

We need to be more
clear about the

strong presence of technology

in shaping or co-shaping
our societies.

Technology is both good and bad,

and it's always involved in
a number of goods and bads.

But it's never really neutral.

The technology itself
could be indifferent

to whether you use it

in a certain way or that
way, of course.

But we know since Francis Bacon,
in the 16th century, he said,

"Power and knowledge are one."

Can we put our trust in numbers?

I don't know,
but let me take a guess.

We will always need to
take the first step.

Take a chance on that
something or someone unknown.

Let go.

And allow your trust in
people pull you over the gap.

This is for you, Rizah.

(quiet piano music)

Last card.

(background television voice)

…catalogue war
crimes in real-time

during the ongoing civil war…

Thank you, Ann.

The controversy known
as the blockchain leaks,

seems far from over.

Global consultants
Johnson and Piers…

Oh shit!

Nazreen! You did it...

She did it!

(laughter)

She did it!

Look.

I have to sit down.

Latest developments suggest

that global consultancy
giant Johnson and Pierce

have facilitated arms contracts

between European
governments and the regime.

The question everybody ask
now is, how could this happen?

A press conference has been
issued for 8 pm tonight.

Until then,
all we can say for sure is,

this is getting ugly.

(exciting electronic music)