All language subtitles for Quantum Revolution S01E05 - Entanglement in the Holographic Universe

Is the universe
connected at all scales?

And if so, how do
we experience it?

In this episode, we
discover that whatever we do

influences the whole.

[THEME MUSIC PLAYING]

In the earlier episodes, we
have discussed that space time

is not empty, that it's full
of these fluctuation of Planck

oscillators.

And these Planck
oscillators can be

thought that as little
bits of information,

that this Planck field--

this granular
Planck field that's

occurring at the very fine
structure of spacetime

spins itself into protons,
atoms, planets, stars,

galaxies, clusters, super
clusters, universes,

each one being centered
by singularity,

by a little teeny black hole,
and that is producing scales

across our universe
from universal size

to subatomic part and that
the holographic nature

of the interference pattern of
these little Plancks creating

all these wave form produce a
holographic solution in which

every point contains the whole.

There is discoveries
that are occurring now

in physics in which we
are starting to understand

something that's been very
puzzling for many years

in quantum theory.

Einstein called it spooky
action at a distance.

Einstein's spooky action
at a distance theory refers

to quantum entanglement, which
states that the measurement

of one particle will instantly
influence another particle

regardless of how
far apart they are.

So when you modify one
particle, the other one

modifies itself
almost instantaneously

across vast distances.

This was a consequence of the
exploration of quantum theory

early on, and Einstein thought
it was crazy and spooky.

And then eventually, it was
confirmed in laboratory.

In laboratory, we discovered
that this is true.

You can shoot a laser at a
carbon particle, for instance,

and it will emit photons.

And if the photons are
emitted away from each other,

they will travel through
a very specific vector,

and at a certain
distance, you can

put a polarizer on one
side and then a detector

behind the polarizer
on both sides.

And so that the
polarizer will change

the angle of the one for
time on one side and then

the detector will pick up the
new orientation of that photon.

And we discovered that
it doesn't matter how

far the distance the proton--

the photons travel before
they get modified--

before the one get modify.

The other one will be modified
instantaneously as well.

Because we've put the polarizer
close enough to the detector

that even at the speed
of light, the information

could not be transferred
to the other one.

Yet the other one arrives
at the detector with exactly

the same polarization.

This is called
entanglement in physics.

Particles can be entangled.

They have to be in a certain
state to be entangled.

And so we think that
there is particles

in the universe that are
entangled and particles

in the universe that are not.

Is that true?

How do we know that's true?

In fact, we don't.

In fact, we could
think that we could

have a universe in
which all particles are

entangled because they all
came out of the same point

just like the two photons
came out of the same carbon

particle.

And so that all particles that
came out of the early universe

are entangled.

And we don't know because when
we wiggle the little particle

on the end of my finger here,
we don't know-- maybe there's

another particle somewhere
else in the universe that's

feeling that tickle.

And it's laughing,
but we don't know

because we don't have that
side in our laboratory

to realize that when
I tickle this one,

it's entangled with this one.

The whole thing
could be entangled.

This appeared to me early on
in my exploration of physics.

And it became clear that maybe
some of the entanglement that's

occurring at the quantum level
is the same dynamics that

is going on in black hole.

Entanglement at the quantum
level may be the result

of wormholes that are developed
in the structure of space,

connecting particles together.

However, wormholes are a
consequence of Einstein field

equations, not of
quantum theory.

These would be
quantum size wormholes

that are at the Planck scale
of the structure of space time.

This new understanding was
developed by Leonard Susskind

and is described
as ER equals EPR.

E stands for Einstein.

R and P are initials for
collaborators Boris Podolsky

and Nathan Rosen.

So ER equals EPR suggests that
the key to their connection

can be found in the spacetime
tunnels known as wormholes

like subspace
shortcuts physically

linking distant locations.

So ER equals EPR
is a way of saying

wormholes is what
produce entanglement

at the quantum level.

This new view is emerging
as well from our equations now

where basically we're showing
that we have embeddedness

of wormholes and black
holes from universal size

to subatomic size.

So think of the
black holes as being

the boundary that's created
by all the Plancks spinning

into one region, and the
wormholes, the vortices that

would be produced by
the spin as it goes--

as it extends from the
black hole structure.

ER equals EPR is basically
thinking of it a little bit

differently but is
as well very useful.

And it returns, and it has to do
with this holographic solution

in the standard model
that says that the entropy

or the temperature
of the black hole

is the result of all the
little Planck information

on the surface of
the black hole.

When this hawking
radiation happened

when the black hole absorbed
one little Planck particle

fluctuation of the
vacuum and emits one,

these particles despair
of Planck particles

are entangled just
like the two photons

that emerge from the carbon
particle in our experiment.

And so imagine this.

One is falling into
the black hole,

and the other one
is entangled with it

but going away from
the black hole.

And then imagine
that particle gets

caught in the gravitational
field of another black hole.

And now it spirals in and falls
into the other black hole.

Now these two black
holes are connected

through this wormhole
that connected

the entanglement of
these two particles,

a little teeny
Planck sized wormhole

except there could be
many, many of the particles

that fell into the
black hole and many,

many that fell in
other black holes

and so on and then
go back in time.

And think of all
this stuff coming out

of one black hole, one point.

And then you will see,
you will visualize,

you will understand that
all of these wormholes

would be like a spider
web of information network

emanating and connecting
all of the black holes,

all of the singularity, all of
the particles in our universe.

So we live in a web of
information exchange,

and this is really--

what our equations are
showing is that when

the information is exchanged
between the interior

of the singularity, the
interior of the black hole,

no matter at what scale,
its exchange with the hole

as well through the
wormhole network.

And when the exchange
happens between one particle

and the whole, the
energy that it produce

is what we call mass.

And that is what we
call our reality.

This network of
information has been imaged

and is being discovered now.

Recently, we have
seen that when we

look at very large
structures in the universe,

they appear to be connected
through these filaments that

connects very large like
super clusters and cluster

structures in our universe.

And when we look at that
from far as a whole,

it looks very similar to a
neuron network in your brain.

This is all very
interesting evidence

of scaling of this network
across very large and very

small.

Imagine the network structure
of all the wormholes

occurring at the Planck
scale and then these network,

making larger network at the
proton scale and then these

making larger network at
the solar system scale

and at the galactic
scale and so on so

that everything is connected to
this invisible Planck structure

network of information,
moving bits of information

across the universe so that when
one bit falls into a black hole

here, it can come out
somewhere else in the universe.

If this is true,
then the concept

of evaporation of
black holes disappear.

We are now no longer
losing energy.

The energy is always
recovered in the universe

as it exchange information
across all nodes.

Imagine the internet as
an analogy for the structure

of our universe where the hubs
of the internet and the servers

of the network are the black
holes and all the different

scales, and the connection of
the networks are the wormholes

connecting all the hubs.

Think of it as a neural
network of the universe.

Everything we observe in the
universe in terms of the energy

of a system, in terms of the
relationship of systems with

each other like the forces and
all this is actually the result

of the information moving
through the network.

If I isolate one particle
because it doesn't

have much surface, not
as much information

can move through the system.

The mass of that
particle will be

smaller than the black
hole in the universe

like the center of a galaxy
in which a lot of information

can be exchanged
across that hub.

Smaller hub, smaller server,
less energy, larger server,

larger hub, more
energy, and as we know,

energy is equivalent to mass.

So all of a sudden, we start
to see this network structure

emerging that is
from the universe

all the way to
subatomic particle

in which we are embedded
in somewhere in the middle.

And our existence is
actually part of this flow.

So this network connects
all these scales.

That means that a
bit of information

that falls into one
part of the network

can come out somewhere
else in the network

and then fall in again and
come out somewhere else.

And so that means
that information

would have some large
feedback relationship,

and we are starting
to discover that.

We are starting to discover
that light in our universe

curves back on itself
and comes back on itself.

We-- and this is
very, very recent,

so it's very exciting
because I predicted

that that should be
the case, especially

if we're living inside a black
hole that is our universe.

So this information
network feedback

feed forward structure is
the entropy of our network.

That is-- and this
happened just recently.

I got very excited about it.

We were writing equations
in my laboratory.

We ran out of
space on our board,

so we started writing
on the windows.

And we were writing all of
these equations on the windows,

and it became clear
that we could express

the holographic mass solution
which I had expressed

in a very geometric
way from the theory

of entropy or
statistical entropy

or straight from first
principle of thermodynamics.

And what I mean by that is
that we can actually back up

the equations that are
more geometric equations,

the holographic math solution
I proposed initially,

into equations that describe
the temperature of systems

and their entropy,
their energy level.

Think of it as each
server on the network

is riding the information onto
our hard drive and the energy

that it takes for it to do
that and the temperature that's

created by the server
that usually has fans

to take the temperature out.

It means that this
whole structure

can be expressed fundamentally
from first principle

from thermodynamics and entropy,
that energy thermodynamics

entropy, mass, gravity,
electromagnetism, and all

these things can be actually
described from this one

understanding, this one
set of information network

that connects everything
in the universe

so that nothing is
independently doing its thing.

It just appears that way
because we observe something

and we think it's independent
from the rest of the universe,

and we say it has this mass.

It has this energy.

It has this entropy.

It has this
temperature, not knowing

that this mass, this entropy,
this temperature, and all

this stuff is the result
of this thing interacting

with the rest of their universe.

That is beautiful.

This is what the
equations are showing,

and it is extremely precise.

It's showing this in a
very, very strong way,

telling us at the very
fundamental level of creation

that everything is connected
through this incredible network

of information
that is circulating

through our universe.

That has deep
implications because it

means that anything
you do it means

that anything that changes
anywhere is influencing

everything else in the universe,
that every action produces

a reaction everywhere
in the universe.

And although-- however,
it's important to understand

that they're a
scale relationship.

So there is hierarchy in the
influence of DNA formation

in the universe.

There is influences that
are larger, for instance,

our sun has a huge influence
on the solar system

and all the planets in it.

But our planets only makes less
than 1% the mass of our sun,

so they have much less
influence on our sun

than our sun has
influence on the planets.

If the sun blows a sun flare
in the direction of the Earth

and blows the atmosphere
of the Earth away,

the Earth doesn't
really have a recourse.

It cannot blow back at the
sun and blow the atmosphere

of the sun away.

There is a relationship of
temperatures, energy, mass,

entropy across the
different scales.

However, every single
scale is influencing

every single other scale as
well, maybe in a minimum way

or in the maximum way, but
the whole is connected.

And so everything that
happens in the universe

is in some ways recorded
by the structure

of the network of spacetime.

And that is profound.

It tells us that from
any point in the network,

we can have access to the whole.

And it tells us that everything
we measure in our world

is actually a function
of that thing interacting

with everything else.

There is huge
implication in terms

of technology and understanding
of energy and temperature,

thermodynamics, and
so on, but there's

implication as well
in understanding

the possibility of systems
self-organizing, systems

becoming aware, awareness,
consciousness, all

this can most likely
be extrapolated

from this new view.

And we will discuss this
in further episodes.

What's important to
extract from this episode

is that the universe is
connected at the deepest level

through wormholes
black hole interaction

and that it's connected
at all scale, not just

linear connection at one
scale but at all scales

and that we're part of
this connected universe

and that whatever happens
in the universe, whatever

we do influence the whole.

And that changes our sense of
ourselves, of our universe,

and our relationship
to it, and it

changes ourselves-- our sense of
responsibility in the universe.

As well, it connects with some
of the most advanced knowledge

that has come through
the ages from masters

and ancient civilization that
talked about our universe being

completely connected and talked
about each point influencing

the whole.