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NARRATOR: Treasurehunting has captured ourimaginations for centuries.
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KIM: I think everybody at
some point in their life
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has dreamed about
finding treasure.
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JOHN: I knew straightaway
that it was gold.
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COREY: There was over 30 tons
of silver ingots on board,
200,000 coins, gold, emeralds.
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GARY: Once treasure and
treasure diving gets in your
blood it's hard to get it out.
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NARRATOR: Sunken treasuresremain lost belowthe waves, until now.
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Imagine if we couldempty the oceans,
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draining the water awayto reveal the secretsof the sea floor.
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Now, we can.
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Using the latest underwaterscanning technologypiercing the deep oceans.
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And turning accuratedata into 3D images.
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How do you excavate a fortunein sunken silver from awreck lost in shifting sands?
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MARTIJN: It's an
amazing amount of money.
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NARRATOR: Why is thetreasure from a wreckedSpanish galleon,
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spread over 10 milesof Florida seabed?
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And how can theworld's biggest haulof lost gold bullion
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be recovered fromthe Arctic depths?
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♪ ♪
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NARRATOR: Today,moving money is simple.
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JAMES: These days you
push a button and funds are
electronically transferred.
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But in the past the oceans
were a pretty consistent means
of moving the world's money.
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NARRATOR: For centuriestreasure ships sailedthe oceans of the world
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packed with silver,gold and precious stones.
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Hunted by pirates.
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Battered by storms.
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Threatened by reefsand rocky shores.
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-The reason that you would
find treasure underwater is
that the water has been the
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greatest highway
in human history.
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NARRATOR: And wherethere's treasure, thereare treasure hunters.
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NIGEL: I think people
certainly catch gold fever.
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I think people love
searching for things.
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It's deep in our psyche.
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NARRATOR: Around theworld hundreds of treasurewrecks remain unexplored.
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As the waters of theoceans begin to drain away,
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they reveal theirmost valuable secrets.
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The English Channel.
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Five miles offthe coast of Kent.
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The grave of an 18thcentury merchant ship.
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Lost to the waves andcarrying a fortune in silver.
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The priceless wreck oftenvanishes and re-appears underever-shifting sandbanks.
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Can draining away the EnglishChannel reveal the wreck andthe sunken treasure?
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January the 8th, 1740.
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The Dutch East India Companyship, the Rooswijk, sets off
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from the Netherlandsinto the English Channel.
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It's on an eight-month longvoyage to Indonesia, then known
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as the Dutch East Indies,the center of the spice trade.
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On board aremerchants, soldiers,and a precious cargo.
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-It's said that there were
about 300,000 guilders of
silver on board of the ship,
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in silver bars and
about 36,000 of coins.
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NARRATOR: A fortune intoday's money, equivalentto around $100 million.
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A few miles offthe English coast, aviolent storm blows up.
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The ship hits sandbanks and disappears.
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237 men die and thesilver is lost to the sea.
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Now, more than270 years later,
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a team of underwaterarchaeologists investigate.
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Martijn Mandersheads the expedition.
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-It's enormously unique
to do a large-scale
excavation underwater,
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we really have to take care of
what's down there underwater
or we lose it forever.
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NARRATOR: These aretreacherous waters.
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To locate the wreck the teamuses the latest technology:multi-beam sonar scanning.
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RODRIGO: We came out and
did a multi-beam survey,
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you create a whole, a
whole image of the seabed.
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NARRATOR: Multi-beamsonar fires soundwaves to the sea floor.
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The return signal displaysthe shape and depthof the features beneath.
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-That way we can start
putting that puzzle together.
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NARRATOR: Combining thesonar data with the latestvisualization techniques,
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it's now possible to empty thewaters of the English Channel.
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As the sea drains away,the first challenge theteam face is revealed,
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the landscapeunder the surface.
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It's an incrediblehidden world,miles of rolling dunes,
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like a desert underwater.
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The Goodwin Sands.
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Lying close tothe surface,
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these endlessly shifting sandsare a deadly threat to shippin.
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-They called it the
great ship-swallower.
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NARRATOR: It's the graveyardfor around 2,000 ships,
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each running aground inthe treacherous shallows.
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The Rooswijk is swallowed hereand disappears for centuries.
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Have the sands shiftedenough to finally revealthis treasure ship?
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As the waters of theEnglish Channel continueto drain away,
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a shape emerges.
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Twisted timbers of a shipfrom the 18th century.
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To an expert eye,artifacts of Dutch origin.
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And as it's revealed highand dry it's finally clear,
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this is all that isleft of the Rooswijk.
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Archaeologists can now viewthe remains of the ship from
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any angle and examineit in fine detail.
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The hull shape islong lost to the ocean, butthere is a pile of timbers,
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collapsed deck planks lyingat strange angles, and fivecannon scattered around.
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-We're basically uncovering
something that hasn't been
seen for the past 250 years.
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NARRATOR: But whereis the treasure?
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-We're gonna dive to it
and investigate it and
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hope to find the secrets
that this shipwreck reveals.
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For a lot of people
this is a treasure ship.
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For the archaeologists this
is a treasure ship because we
could get so much information.
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NARRATOR: Fast-moving tidesmake the expedition difficult.
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Each day there might onlybe one hour between tidesthat's safe for diving.
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-It is a race
against the clock.
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-Ready to ride.
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-Going down into an elevator
is like going back in time.
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-It's a time capsule of 1740.
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MAN (over radio): Okay.
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NARRATOR: An umbilical cordprovides air 75 feet down.
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-It was really,
really exciting to
start diving there.
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I was swimming and then
suddenly you see these
cannons appearing and
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uh wood sticking
out of the sea bed.
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You really get this
idea that this is the place
where all these people died.
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This is a grave.
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NARRATOR: The drainedwreck of the Rooswijk showsthe scale of the challenge.
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Debris is spreadover a large area.
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Here's what's thought to bethe main part of the ship,
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but around 400 feet to thenorth-west lie two anchorsand a pile of barrels.
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And more than 900 feetto the north-east, tencannon spread around.
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To the east, eightmore cannon in a row,next to another anchor.
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The team has only a 12-weekwindow to work the wreck site
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and it can take daysto excavate just afew square feet,
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so they mustfocus their search.
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-We have to make choices
and this is what we did
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on the basis of uh
the multibeam data.
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NARRATOR: Martijn decidesto home in on the stern.
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-It's the place
where the officers,
maybe the passengers,
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where the merchant men used
to live during their trip,
where money was stored.
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00:10:04,921 --> 00:10:10,125
NARRATOR: But howmuch treasure mightstill be down there?
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Using enormous vacuumsto remove the sand, they huntcarefully amongst the debris.
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NARRATOR: Martijn findsa broken chest with itscontents spilling out.
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And then a thrilling moment.
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A silver coin, andsoon dozens more.
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Money destined for theEast Indies that's been lyinghere for more than 270 years.
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The wreck of theRooswijk is beginningto reveal its treasures.
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-Diver well?
-Diver well.
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These are Pieces of Eight,
eight Real,
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some people might know
them from the pirate films.
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NARRATOR: The SpanishReal was the standard tradingcurrency of the 18th century.
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Made of silver, a singlecoin is worth more than aweek's pay for a sailor.
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These coins are some ofthe thousands that the
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Dutch East India Companyplaces on board ship.
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All minted just beforethe Rooswijk sails.
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But some of the otherdiscovered coins arenoticeably different.
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-These are large
Ducatons, but they're old.
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They're very old.
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These are 17th century,
so they're probably
about 70 years,
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80 years older than
when the ship wrecked.
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NARRATOR: They're not thenewly minted company money
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that the ship issupposed to be carrying.
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Trading in privatemoney was banned by theDutch East India Company,
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so finding these coinsraises new questions.
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If they aren't companymoney, whose are they andwhat are they used for?
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The drained landscape aroundthe Rooswijk reveals clues.
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The Reals are found inclusters, in the stern area,
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the part of the ship wherecompany money is stored.
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But surprisingly theother coins are foundmixed in with them.
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Some even show evidenceof being kept secret.
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-But really interesting of
this coin is this little hole.
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Maybe it's, it's, it's
worn under the clothes.
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Maybe somebody had a collar
of all sorts of coins
and just keeping it hidden.
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NARRATOR: Could thesecoins, found at the bottomof the English Channel,
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be incredible new evidenceof one of the oldest tradesin history: smuggling.
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IJN: So we have a notary
deed, an official document.
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NARRATOR: In Amsterdam,Martijn Manders investigatesthe sunken treasure of the
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Rooswijk and meetshistorian Mateus van Rossum.
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-And this is the
interesting thing, we have
these combinations of coins,
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all different kinds, very old.
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MATTHIAS: That's
definitely private trade.
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NARRATOR: Private trademeans a booming blackmarket in smuggled silver.
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-Isn't that illegal?
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-It was illegal because
the company banned the
shipment of silver
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from the Republic
to Asia and back.
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-So this is evidence?
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-This is basically
all illegal.
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NARRATOR: Silver is worthmore in the East Indiesthan in the Netherlands,
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because it can be used tobuy trade goods like spices.
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Enterprising members ofthe crew collect cash fromtheir families and friends.
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Then, once they arrivein Asia, they simply selltheir private silver to the
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Dutch East India Companyfor a profit.
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It's illegal, but the companyturns a blind eye to the trade
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because they use the smuggledsilver to buy more spices.
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Draining the Rooswijk revealsthat not only are the privatecoins found in the stern
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they're also discovered inother areas of the wreck.
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This poses a new question.
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-Was it only the
merchants did this or,
or was it more widespread?
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-This was actually
very widespread.
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The captain, the first mate,
the surgeons, the company
merchant on board the ship,
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then the lower ranks does
indicate that the whole crew
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participated to some degree
in this, in this trade.
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NARRATOR: For two centuries,the Dutch East Indiacompany dominates trade
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between Asia and itsheadquarters in Amsterdam,
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00:15:04,804 --> 00:15:09,607
making the city the keycommercial center in the world.
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-The Dutch East India Company
was one of the very first
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large multinational
corporations.
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NARRATOR: Itsmission is profit.
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To trade silver forspices, using ships like theRooswijk to spearhead trade.
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00:15:29,095 --> 00:15:34,499
An earlier commercial diveuncovers the first evidenceof the high value of the ship,
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two chests.
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00:15:39,072 --> 00:15:45,009
Cracked open, there'sa sight straight out of ahigh seas adventure story.
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In each, 50 bars of silverbullion, blackened by the wate,
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00:15:51,050 --> 00:15:55,887
worth a fortune and nowdivided between the salvageteam and the Dutch Government.
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00:15:59,359 --> 00:16:02,727
But the smuggled coins addnew understanding to one of
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00:16:02,729 --> 00:16:06,464
the most colorful sagasin the age of discovery.
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00:16:06,499 --> 00:16:11,602
And reveal that everyoneis secretly in on the take.
201
00:16:12,672 --> 00:16:18,008
-It's estimated that
50% of all the silver on
board was smuggled money.
202
00:16:18,044 --> 00:16:23,414
So, if you think about
the Rooswijk, 36,000
coins on board officially,
203
00:16:23,516 --> 00:16:27,818
so that means 36,000 coins
on board unofficially.
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00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:31,756
That's an amazing
amount of money.
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00:16:32,092 --> 00:16:36,461
NARRATOR: How muchmore is there to find?
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00:16:39,499 --> 00:16:44,268
It's six weeks intothe 12-week expedition.
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00:16:44,370 --> 00:16:49,107
At a harbor side lab expertscarefully record thearchaeological treasures so
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00:16:49,175 --> 00:16:54,178
they can be studiedanywhere in the worldin stunning 3D detail.
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00:16:56,315 --> 00:17:02,153
Pewter tableware,glass bottles fromthe Captain's table,
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00:17:05,424 --> 00:17:08,059
and more company coins.
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00:17:09,262 --> 00:17:14,932
DAN: We've only found 700
so far, there are many
thousand more to find.
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00:17:15,034 --> 00:17:17,235
NARRATOR: With only a fewweeks left on the project
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00:17:17,336 --> 00:17:19,837
the race is on to recoveras much as possible.
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00:17:24,043 --> 00:17:30,147
And the team now also wantto solve the Rooswijk'slong-standing mystery,
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00:17:30,249 --> 00:17:34,252
how exactly didit meet its fate?
216
00:17:37,023 --> 00:17:41,225
The drained wreckage ofthe ship reveals clues.
217
00:17:41,227 --> 00:17:46,531
The stern section canbe seen lying in a pile.
218
00:17:47,901 --> 00:17:53,837
More than 300 feetaway, there's an anchor.
219
00:17:54,774 --> 00:17:59,777
And further out, severalcannon, grouped together.
220
00:18:00,180 --> 00:18:04,381
What does this spreadof clues reveal?
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00:18:04,384 --> 00:18:09,420
-This is the evidence of
the people struggling and
trying to save their ship.
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00:18:11,891 --> 00:18:15,593
The ship was caught by the
storm, was pushed on the
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00:18:15,728 --> 00:18:18,195
sandbanks of the
Goodwin Sands.
224
00:18:18,198 --> 00:18:21,632
It's just being
smashed on the sands.
225
00:18:22,568 --> 00:18:24,201
So, what do you do?
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00:18:24,203 --> 00:18:28,773
You throw away your
heavy equipment and you
start with your cannons.
227
00:18:31,577 --> 00:18:37,281
NARRATOR: During the storm,the crew ditches at least23 cannons in an attempt to
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00:18:37,283 --> 00:18:42,219
lighten the ship and breakfree from the sandbanks.
229
00:18:42,855 --> 00:18:45,389
Then the crew drops anchor.
230
00:18:45,524 --> 00:18:49,560
But there's nochance of escape.
231
00:18:50,163 --> 00:18:54,198
-It just gets stuck
further and further.
232
00:18:56,202 --> 00:19:01,505
The sea lifting the
ship and just pounding
it on to the sand and
233
00:19:01,507 --> 00:19:04,775
breaking it in
thousands of pieces.
234
00:19:05,144 --> 00:19:07,345
And everybody was lost.
235
00:19:08,648 --> 00:19:12,350
It's almost unimaginable.
236
00:19:14,253 --> 00:19:16,320
NARRATOR: The loss ofthe Rooswijk's silver
237
00:19:16,322 --> 00:19:20,190
is a big blow for theDutch East India company.
238
00:19:20,759 --> 00:19:26,263
-Shipwrecks are one of
the, the recurring threats
for, for the company so
239
00:19:26,365 --> 00:19:31,135
yearly there would be losses
of ships, one or two on average.
240
00:19:32,038 --> 00:19:35,239
And some historians see this
as, as one of the factors that
241
00:19:35,308 --> 00:19:39,510
contributes to the demise of
the Dutch East India Company.
242
00:19:41,914 --> 00:19:46,050
NARRATOR: Now, after 12 weeksof challenging excavation, the
243
00:19:46,119 --> 00:19:50,020
archaeological expeditionis almost at an end.
244
00:19:50,255 --> 00:19:52,222
-So this is the last
night of the project.
245
00:19:52,258 --> 00:19:57,662
12 weeks of great dives
but also uh we had storms,
246
00:19:58,564 --> 00:20:01,966
we had lots of difficult tides,
247
00:20:02,068 --> 00:20:06,604
bad visibility but we've
also made a lot of progress.
248
00:20:08,407 --> 00:20:11,309
-We've found
around 2,000 coins.
249
00:20:15,982 --> 00:20:19,783
NARRATOR: It's only afraction of the coinsknown to be on board.
250
00:20:19,819 --> 00:20:23,421
Including the smuggled ones,the value of Rooswijk' silver
251
00:20:23,556 --> 00:20:28,059
could now be upto $125 million.
252
00:20:29,996 --> 00:20:33,664
Martijn plans to returnto the wreck site.
253
00:20:37,136 --> 00:20:40,070
How much more of theRooswijk's sunken treasures
254
00:20:40,172 --> 00:20:43,641
can be recovered fromthe shifting sands below?
255
00:20:45,211 --> 00:20:50,214
Archaeologists andtreasure hunters continueto scour the seas.
256
00:20:50,516 --> 00:20:56,019
And as the world's oceanscontinue to drain away theyreveal yet more tantalizing
257
00:20:56,055 --> 00:21:00,257
clues of fortuneslost under the waves.
258
00:21:01,727 --> 00:21:04,695
The Florida Keys.
259
00:21:04,697 --> 00:21:08,565
In 1622, a Spanish galleonsinks here laden with an
260
00:21:08,601 --> 00:21:13,270
extraordinary haul ofsilver, gold and gems.
261
00:21:14,907 --> 00:21:19,076
For decades, treasurehunters pursue a dream:
262
00:21:19,078 --> 00:21:22,813
to find one of therichest wrecks in history.
263
00:21:24,217 --> 00:21:28,118
Can draining the oceans herereveal the fabled motherlode
264
00:21:28,121 --> 00:21:31,389
of the vanishedtreasure ship, Atocha?
265
00:21:40,616 --> 00:21:43,351
KIM: I'm Kim Fisher and
I'm a treasure hunter.
266
00:21:46,689 --> 00:21:49,089
Gold fever, treasure fever.
267
00:21:49,091 --> 00:21:51,258
I think everybody at
some point in their life
268
00:21:51,294 --> 00:21:54,494
has dreamed about
finding treasure.
269
00:21:54,863 --> 00:21:59,266
NARRATOR: Off the coast ofKey West, Florida, a team ofself-styled treasure hunters
270
00:21:59,268 --> 00:22:02,269
is chasing the legend ofthe treasure ship Atocha,
271
00:22:02,305 --> 00:22:05,072
known to have beenlost in these waters.
272
00:22:05,174 --> 00:22:09,476
GARY: Nice clean bottom,
looks like we've got
something coming in here.
273
00:22:09,545 --> 00:22:11,746
Nice target.
274
00:22:11,847 --> 00:22:15,916
Once treasure and treasure
diving gets in your blood
it's hard to get it out.
275
00:22:18,421 --> 00:22:22,423
NARRATOR: Maritimearchaeologist Corey Malcolmhas spent two decades
276
00:22:22,558 --> 00:22:25,860
investigating the fateof the Spanish galleon.
277
00:22:27,563 --> 00:22:33,900
COREY: The Atocha we know
er, specifically carried
260 people on board.
278
00:22:34,437 --> 00:22:37,905
Some of these people
were the wealthiest
people in the world.
279
00:22:37,974 --> 00:22:42,176
You had religious figures,
you had explorers.
280
00:22:42,445 --> 00:22:45,713
NARRATOR: Septemberthe 4th, 1622.
281
00:22:46,048 --> 00:22:50,517
The 'Nuestra Senora de Atocha'is part of a fleet of 28 ships
282
00:22:50,520 --> 00:22:54,021
that leaves Havana, Cubabound for Spain.
283
00:22:56,692 --> 00:23:00,060
It's laden withsilver, gold, and gems.
284
00:23:00,062 --> 00:23:04,432
More than a year's worthof treasure obtained by theSpanish from their empire in
285
00:23:04,533 --> 00:23:06,934
Mexico and South America.
286
00:23:07,336 --> 00:23:11,204
-The Atocha was a tremendously
important ship to Spain.
287
00:23:11,240 --> 00:23:13,807
It was carrying a huge
amount of treasure,
288
00:23:13,809 --> 00:23:17,144
I mean there was over 30 tons
of silver ingots on board,
289
00:23:17,146 --> 00:23:22,450
200,000 coins,
gold and emeralds.
290
00:23:23,752 --> 00:23:26,954
NARRATOR: But the Atochaquickly runs in to trouble.
291
00:23:29,492 --> 00:23:35,696
JOHN: It wasn't a day out
from Havana that they started
feeling the wind increase,
292
00:23:38,067 --> 00:23:42,436
the seas starting to build and
they knew they were caught.
293
00:23:43,406 --> 00:23:46,240
NARRATOR: Ahurricane closes in.
294
00:23:51,113 --> 00:23:53,847
The ship is lost.
295
00:23:53,949 --> 00:23:57,885
Only five men surviveto tell the tale.
296
00:23:57,953 --> 00:24:03,857
And their testimonies saythat what sunk the ship wasn'tjust the high wind and waves.
297
00:24:03,859 --> 00:24:09,463
There is clearly somethingelse here that poses adeadly threat to shipping.
298
00:24:10,299 --> 00:24:13,767
This area is notoriousfor shipwrecks.
299
00:24:13,936 --> 00:24:18,539
Around 1,000 ships have beendoomed along the Florida Keys.
300
00:24:19,575 --> 00:24:23,344
Ships are drawn tothese waters to makeuse of the Gulf Stream,
301
00:24:23,479 --> 00:24:26,380
the ancienthighway of the seas.
302
00:24:31,087 --> 00:24:37,291
The best way to see whatmight have wrecked the Spanishgalleon is to drain the ocean.
303
00:24:38,761 --> 00:24:42,896
Now multi beam sonar scanningdetails the extraordinary
304
00:24:42,899 --> 00:24:46,567
subsea landscapearound the Florida Keys.
305
00:24:47,637 --> 00:24:53,140
As the waters drain awaya vast coastal mountainrange is revealed.
306
00:24:54,110 --> 00:24:58,312
The shallow FloridaKeys are just the peaks.
307
00:24:58,681 --> 00:25:04,752
Beyond them the landdrops down, up to 6,000feet into an ocean abyss.
308
00:25:07,190 --> 00:25:11,759
This is the edge ofthe North Americancontinental shelf.
309
00:25:13,929 --> 00:25:19,800
-We have a pretty
dramatic drop off here,
it goes down like a wall.
310
00:25:21,103 --> 00:25:26,006
NARRATOR: Further in fromthe leading edge, an amazingsight is now revealed:
311
00:25:26,108 --> 00:25:28,876
hard, rock-like formations.
312
00:25:28,878 --> 00:25:34,748
This is North America'sonly coral reef, known asthe Florida reef tract and
313
00:25:34,817 --> 00:25:38,452
it lies just underthe surface of the sea.
314
00:25:40,389 --> 00:25:46,293
Today, lighthouses standguard here but for theSpanish traders on the Atocha
315
00:25:46,428 --> 00:25:49,129
there is no such warning.
316
00:25:50,599 --> 00:25:55,101
-A ship like a Spanish galleon
that might draw 12 feet.
317
00:25:55,104 --> 00:25:58,105
It is going to hit a
shallow reef like that and,
318
00:25:58,206 --> 00:26:03,377
and it's going to have its
bottom torn out and sink.
319
00:26:04,280 --> 00:26:09,617
NARRATOR: But will drainingthe Florida Keys reveal theAtocha and its treasure?
320
00:26:14,056 --> 00:26:20,294
Throughout the 1970streasure hunter Mel Fishersearches for the lost ship.
321
00:26:20,997 --> 00:26:25,699
He and his family aredriven by stories ofthe legendary treasure.
322
00:26:27,003 --> 00:26:30,471
-My dad was an
eternal optimist.
323
00:26:30,539 --> 00:26:34,974
Today is the day he told
us every day, today's the
day we're going to find it.
324
00:26:35,478 --> 00:26:40,280
NARRATOR: For more thana decade, the Fisher Teamfinds clues of the Atocha.
325
00:26:40,316 --> 00:26:44,618
cannon, and even silver coins.
326
00:26:44,820 --> 00:26:49,556
These finds are tantalizingand help finance thecontinuing search for
327
00:26:49,558 --> 00:26:54,027
what the team callthe motherlode.
328
00:26:55,264 --> 00:26:59,833
-In the early years
you know people thought Mel
was crazy oh it's you know,
329
00:26:59,968 --> 00:27:02,236
you're never going to find it.
330
00:27:02,972 --> 00:27:05,139
NARRATOR: For some observers,treasure hunting and
331
00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:08,776
archaeologicalpreservation don't mix.
332
00:27:10,045 --> 00:27:15,849
Mel Fisher invented apropeller blast systemto clear away sand.
333
00:27:15,985 --> 00:27:19,853
Recovering sunkentreasures this way candamage the sea floor
334
00:27:19,922 --> 00:27:23,524
and some of theartifacts that lie upon it.
335
00:27:24,260 --> 00:27:29,930
But the treasure huntersbelieve that their work alsohelps us understand the past.
336
00:27:29,932 --> 00:27:31,998
-We're kind of saving history.
337
00:27:32,100 --> 00:27:36,002
You know if we didn't go out
there and recover these items,
in a responsible manner and
338
00:27:36,005 --> 00:27:40,407
bring them to light
for the public, they
would be lost forever.
339
00:27:41,510 --> 00:27:47,481
NARRATOR: 15 years after theFisher Team begin searching,there's a breakthrough.
340
00:27:47,616 --> 00:27:51,885
Cameras capture murkyimages on the sea floor.
341
00:27:51,987 --> 00:27:57,057
Draining away the watersof the Florida Keys revealsclearly one of the most
342
00:27:57,159 --> 00:28:00,761
valuable shipwrecks in history.
343
00:28:01,897 --> 00:28:06,667
Based upon the latestscanning data and computervisualization technology,
344
00:28:06,736 --> 00:28:11,238
it's possible to emptythe seas, exposing whatthe Fisher family spent
345
00:28:11,307 --> 00:28:14,908
almost two decades looking for.
346
00:28:16,011 --> 00:28:21,848
Visible for the firsttime in four centuries,wreckage of the Atocha,
347
00:28:21,950 --> 00:28:27,921
55 feet down, once againopen to the light of day.
348
00:28:31,394 --> 00:28:35,729
Strewn around, timbersfrom the ship's hull.
349
00:28:36,766 --> 00:28:40,667
Stones carried asships' ballast.
350
00:28:41,236 --> 00:28:46,273
Poking out of the mud, debrisof shattered treasure chests.
351
00:28:46,275 --> 00:28:49,076
-It really doesn't look
like a ship anymore.
352
00:28:49,078 --> 00:28:52,979
It's broken up, it's decayed.
353
00:28:53,348 --> 00:28:58,151
NARRATOR: Among the wreckage,a pile of blackened metal.
354
00:28:58,954 --> 00:29:04,892
It's a massive block ofsilver bars: 30 tons in total.
355
00:29:06,695 --> 00:29:12,733
The motherlode of the Atochaexposed for all to see.
356
00:29:14,370 --> 00:29:19,173
ANDY: It's an emotion.
It was a wonderful
feeling of accomplishment
357
00:29:19,308 --> 00:29:23,510
to see Mel Fisher's dream,
the motherlode.
358
00:29:23,512 --> 00:29:25,579
MAN (over radio):There's lobstersaround the whole thing.
359
00:29:27,883 --> 00:29:33,454
-When I got out of the water
I went over to my chart and I
put a real X on the chart of
360
00:29:35,524 --> 00:29:37,524
"here's the treasure".
361
00:29:37,593 --> 00:29:40,360
It was totally overwhelming.
362
00:29:43,833 --> 00:29:46,733
-We were all elated, you know.
363
00:29:47,102 --> 00:29:50,971
We'd spent most of my life
looking for this one wreck
and now there it was.
364
00:29:52,774 --> 00:29:56,409
NARRATOR: It's arguablythe biggest ever haulof Spanish treasure,
365
00:29:56,879 --> 00:30:01,148
making the Fisher family,and their backers, wealthybeyond their wildest dreams.
366
00:30:02,451 --> 00:30:07,787
-The motherlode in
1985 was valued at about
$400 million at that time.
367
00:30:09,358 --> 00:30:14,528
Between now and then we've
recovered a lot more, and
the value in today's numbers,
368
00:30:15,764 --> 00:30:18,832
you know it's somewhere
probably twice that, you know
369
00:30:18,967 --> 00:30:20,834
approaching a
billion dollar wreck.
370
00:30:20,969 --> 00:30:23,469
It's kind of mind boggling.
371
00:30:24,472 --> 00:30:28,976
NARRATOR: Among thetreasures are an emeraldand gold cross and ring.
372
00:30:30,980 --> 00:30:34,347
Rare silver fromthe Incan empire.
373
00:30:34,850 --> 00:30:38,652
Gold chains, and cups.
374
00:30:39,688 --> 00:30:42,756
And the Fishers arenot finished yet.
375
00:30:44,760 --> 00:30:48,529
Their search for more ofthe Atocha riches continues.
376
00:30:49,064 --> 00:30:52,399
-Based on what we see
on the manifest and
what's been recovered,
377
00:30:52,401 --> 00:30:55,402
we can estimate there's
300 silver bars.
378
00:30:56,972 --> 00:31:00,340
There was about 70 pounds
of emeralds smuggled on
board the Atocha
379
00:31:01,310 --> 00:31:04,745
and we've only found about
six or seven pounds so far.
380
00:31:06,415 --> 00:31:10,017
-There's still a lot of
treasure out there to be found.
381
00:31:10,719 --> 00:31:14,288
NARRATOR: The Fisher teamhas discovered that treasurefrom the Atocha has been found
382
00:31:14,389 --> 00:31:18,425
not just at the motherlodebut spread out over miles.
383
00:31:20,362 --> 00:31:24,798
Why is it spread sowidely, and can drainingthe trail of wreckage
384
00:31:24,900 --> 00:31:27,467
lead to finding asecond motherlode?
385
00:31:32,074 --> 00:31:34,708
GARY: Keep your eye
on that forward sonar.
386
00:31:34,910 --> 00:31:37,844
Let me know if you
see any targets.
387
00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:40,847
NARRATOR: The hunt forthe Atocha's lost emeralds
388
00:31:40,849 --> 00:31:44,184
is now focused on amissing part of the ship:
389
00:31:44,753 --> 00:31:48,689
the sterncastle, wherethe wealthiest people onboard have their cabins.
390
00:31:51,660 --> 00:31:54,060
-My number one target's
probably a pile of emeralds.
391
00:31:55,631 --> 00:32:00,133
KIM: Emeralds are so valuable
that you could have one box
full of emeralds that would be
392
00:32:00,603 --> 00:32:03,036
worth a whole ship
full of silver.
393
00:32:03,372 --> 00:32:06,707
The Muzo mine produces
the best emeralds in
the world, even today.
394
00:32:08,577 --> 00:32:11,144
So keep your eyes
open for big emeralds.
395
00:32:13,282 --> 00:32:15,782
That's, that's the big prize.
396
00:32:17,920 --> 00:32:20,954
NARRATOR: Critical clues liein the spread of wreckage
397
00:32:21,089 --> 00:32:23,590
and previouslydiscovered treasures.
398
00:32:25,160 --> 00:32:28,895
The treasure hunterscall it the Atocha trail.
399
00:32:29,164 --> 00:32:32,665
-That's looks good there's a
target coming in right there.
400
00:32:32,701 --> 00:32:35,002
Might be something
we have to go dig.
401
00:32:37,739 --> 00:32:41,375
NARRATOR: With the waters ofthe Florida Keys drained away,
402
00:32:41,777 --> 00:32:45,178
the true extent of theAtocha trail is revealed.
403
00:32:48,283 --> 00:32:53,453
Survivors' accountsreport that the shiphits the outer reef here,
404
00:32:54,923 --> 00:32:59,159
and eventually sinks twomiles away at the site wherethe motherlode is found.
405
00:33:02,030 --> 00:33:05,565
But then, the trailof wreckage appears tocontinue on for miles,
406
00:33:06,935 --> 00:33:10,637
each point here marks atreasure already discovered.
407
00:33:10,939 --> 00:33:14,374
COREY: It creates
almost a, a breadcrumb
trail on the sea floor.
408
00:33:16,145 --> 00:33:20,147
NARRATOR: Why are theAtocha's treasures spreadover 10 miles of seabed?
409
00:33:21,683 --> 00:33:25,018
Following the trailitself gives the treasurehunters the answer.
410
00:33:26,421 --> 00:33:29,122
-We've pieced together
what happened.
411
00:33:32,594 --> 00:33:36,229
NARRATOR: After thehurricane sinks the Atochain September of 1622,
412
00:33:37,032 --> 00:33:40,167
another great stormpounds the sunken wreck.
413
00:33:41,737 --> 00:33:44,738
-30 days after the Atocha sank
the second hurricane came.
414
00:33:48,743 --> 00:33:53,446
-The bow and the stern
and the upper decks all ripped
loose in that second storm and
415
00:33:53,682 --> 00:33:57,250
started bouncing along,
leaving a trail of treasure...
416
00:33:57,686 --> 00:34:02,455
NARRATOR: Lying four milesfrom the motherlode is what'sthought to be the bow section
417
00:34:02,791 --> 00:34:06,326
of the ship, butthe trail appears tocontinue even further.
418
00:34:08,263 --> 00:34:11,832
JOHN: That superstructure
carried off, breaking
up as it went along and,
419
00:34:12,467 --> 00:34:14,801
and dropping things.
420
00:34:14,870 --> 00:34:18,738
NARRATOR: The missingsterncastle and a hugeamount of treasure
421
00:34:18,740 --> 00:34:21,975
is projected to liesomewhere in this area.
422
00:34:25,847 --> 00:34:31,351
And now new technology,a hovering autonomousunderwater vehicle or HAUV,
423
00:34:32,554 --> 00:34:36,089
allows the treasure huntersto find the tiniest clues.
424
00:34:38,093 --> 00:34:41,394
-It lets us scan large
areas of sea floor.
425
00:34:42,965 --> 00:34:46,366
NARRATOR: Working undera legal permit, the newequipment will use a
426
00:34:46,368 --> 00:34:49,503
high-frequency magneticfield detector.
427
00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:55,442
-So, we can detect metals
deeper than ever before, and
428
00:34:55,444 --> 00:34:58,244
we can start to discriminate
different metals.
429
00:34:58,714 --> 00:35:01,848
NARRATOR: And where there'smore metal, the Fisherteam expects to find the
430
00:35:01,917 --> 00:35:05,385
missing part of the ship,and lost emeralds.
431
00:35:06,221 --> 00:35:09,656
-That looks like we
got something coming
in right here.
432
00:35:09,724 --> 00:35:14,594
That's just a matter of
systematically working the
trail of known artefacts and
433
00:35:15,164 --> 00:35:18,532
kind of like bread crumbs
through the forest.
434
00:35:20,402 --> 00:35:23,537
NARRATOR: Thesearch continues.
435
00:35:27,042 --> 00:35:29,876
The age of the Spanishgalleons is what many consider
436
00:35:29,945 --> 00:35:33,513
the first Golden Age oftreasure on the high seas.
437
00:35:36,151 --> 00:35:40,486
But across the world'soceans the amount of goldmoved in the 20th century,
438
00:35:40,656 --> 00:35:44,558
especially duringWorld War II, dwarfsall other periods.
439
00:35:47,763 --> 00:35:51,298
As the oceans of the worlddrain away an extraordinary
440
00:35:51,399 --> 00:35:54,367
wreck is revealed nearthe Arctic Circle.
441
00:35:55,870 --> 00:35:59,639
Can draining a sunken Britishwarship uncover the fate of
442
00:35:59,741 --> 00:36:03,910
the world's largest everhaul of gold bullion?
443
00:36:05,047 --> 00:36:07,948
The Arctic Ocean.
444
00:36:09,151 --> 00:36:12,185
200 miles off thecoast of Russia.
445
00:36:12,221 --> 00:36:15,121
Somewhere beneath thesefreezing waters lies one of
446
00:36:15,190 --> 00:36:18,592
the greatest secretsof World War II.
447
00:36:21,997 --> 00:36:25,665
As the ocean beginsto empty it revealsan astonishing sight.
448
00:36:28,804 --> 00:36:32,605
The 600-foot long wreckof HMS Edinburgh,
449
00:36:32,941 --> 00:36:37,944
visible in its entiretyfor the first time inmore than 70 years.
450
00:36:39,681 --> 00:36:44,351
The British warship'sguns can be seen inthe clear light of day.
451
00:36:46,255 --> 00:36:50,156
On the stern, thequarterdeck is peeled back.
452
00:36:54,229 --> 00:36:59,065
There's clear evidenceof torpedo damage, ahuge hole in the side.
453
00:37:00,435 --> 00:37:04,371
But a German torpedodidn't sink the Edinburgh.
454
00:37:04,606 --> 00:37:07,707
So, what did and why?
455
00:37:08,677 --> 00:37:13,380
April 30th, 1942,the Barents Sea inthe Arctic Circle.
456
00:37:14,549 --> 00:37:20,320
It's the height ofWorld War II and a convoyof 13 British ships is on
457
00:37:20,355 --> 00:37:25,325
a perilous 1700-milevoyage from Russia totheir Allies in the west.
458
00:37:28,196 --> 00:37:30,730
ERIC: It's one of the
hardest campaigns of the war.
459
00:37:30,766 --> 00:37:33,933
You were under very serious
attack, from submarines,
460
00:37:33,936 --> 00:37:36,603
from aircraft and even
from surface ships.
461
00:37:39,073 --> 00:37:44,911
NARRATOR: Escorting the convoyis the 600-foot long, 10,000ton cruiser, HMS Edinburgh.
462
00:37:48,383 --> 00:37:51,985
It's a formidable warshipwith more than 24 guns.
463
00:37:55,623 --> 00:37:58,124
A German U-boat attacks.
464
00:37:58,160 --> 00:38:00,860
-The Germans carried
out a torpedo attack.
465
00:38:02,597 --> 00:38:04,264
(explosion).
466
00:38:04,899 --> 00:38:08,101
Another torpedo hit the
ship increasing the damage.
467
00:38:09,538 --> 00:38:11,438
(explosion).
468
00:38:11,506 --> 00:38:14,907
NARRATOR: 60people are killed.
469
00:38:14,943 --> 00:38:19,145
Two days later,the remaining crew areordered to abandon ship,
470
00:38:19,347 --> 00:38:22,515
forcing a fatefuldecision on the Navy.
471
00:38:22,617 --> 00:38:26,786
RIC: The admiral decided that
it was too far gone and he
ordered one of the destroyers
472
00:38:27,356 --> 00:38:30,724
to put a torpedo
into her engine room.
473
00:38:31,426 --> 00:38:33,393
(explosion).
474
00:38:34,028 --> 00:38:38,130
-She went down within a
couple of minutes and she
went completely vertical.
475
00:38:39,267 --> 00:38:43,903
NARRATOR: HMS Edinburgh sinksbeneath the waves, 200 milesoff the coast of Russia.
476
00:38:45,474 --> 00:38:48,608
Sunk by its own navy.
477
00:38:49,077 --> 00:38:52,412
-It was vitally important,
you didn't want her
falling into German hands.
478
00:38:54,115 --> 00:38:58,651
NARRATOR: But why take suchextreme measures to keep theEdinburgh out of Nazi hands?
479
00:39:01,289 --> 00:39:03,957
The answer is gold.
480
00:39:04,659 --> 00:39:07,226
-The gold that was loaded
on board the Edinburgh
at Murmansk was,
481
00:39:08,163 --> 00:39:11,363
we know for certain was, five
and a half tons, that's what
the admiral signed for and
482
00:39:12,100 --> 00:39:16,169
five and a half
tons was 465 bars.
483
00:39:17,172 --> 00:39:20,706
NARRATOR: It's payment fromRussia for war supplies and
484
00:39:20,742 --> 00:39:23,877
worth $240 millionin today's money.
485
00:39:27,416 --> 00:39:31,317
In 1942 recovering thegold from the damaged ship
486
00:39:31,386 --> 00:39:34,387
just before it sinksis too dangerous.
487
00:39:37,158 --> 00:39:40,593
The sunken treasure liesundisturbed for decades and
488
00:39:40,595 --> 00:39:44,797
the ship is recognizedas a war grave.
489
00:39:45,299 --> 00:39:49,668
But then a dive expedition,sanctioned by the Britishand Russian governments,
490
00:39:49,671 --> 00:39:52,438
is launched to salvage it.
491
00:39:52,440 --> 00:39:55,675
Leading the hunt istreasure diver Keith Jessop,
492
00:39:55,777 --> 00:39:59,345
working with marineengineer, Ric Wharton.
493
00:39:59,981 --> 00:40:02,882
-What drove us to
it is interesting.
494
00:40:02,884 --> 00:40:06,886
There was the allure of gold but
frankly we didn't have great
expectations at that stage,
495
00:40:08,023 --> 00:40:11,925
there were so many
unknowns, like a moon shot.
496
00:40:13,228 --> 00:40:16,729
NARRATOR: The Edinburghis 800 feet beneath thewaves in freezing waters
497
00:40:18,033 --> 00:40:20,633
and there's noguarantee of success.
498
00:40:21,069 --> 00:40:24,671
The first challenge is findinga precise spot to search.
499
00:40:26,775 --> 00:40:30,243
It's suspected that the goldis stored in the bomb room.
500
00:40:32,013 --> 00:40:36,182
The problem is this isone of the most secureareas on the ship.
501
00:40:39,187 --> 00:40:43,423
Situated deep inside thehull, the bomb room iswhere explosives are kept
502
00:40:44,392 --> 00:40:47,126
along with valuable cargo.
503
00:40:47,228 --> 00:40:51,197
And it's behind the ship'sfour-inch armor plating.
504
00:40:52,067 --> 00:40:56,202
Will draining the Arctic Oceanreveal how to access the wreck
505
00:40:56,204 --> 00:40:59,339
of HMS Edinburgh torecover its treasures?
506
00:41:03,227 --> 00:41:07,997
NARRATOR: At 800 feet downthe wreck of HMS Edinburghis too deep for scuba divers.
507
00:41:10,802 --> 00:41:16,372
To stand any chance of successit will take a remarkablefeat of human endurance.
508
00:41:18,410 --> 00:41:22,345
The team need to operate in ahigh-tech pressurized chamber,
509
00:41:22,414 --> 00:41:25,781
that looks like somethingfound on a space station.
510
00:41:26,451 --> 00:41:30,186
It's a technique calledsaturation diving.
511
00:41:31,056 --> 00:41:35,391
JOHN: You basically go into
your chamber and you dive in,
your body is saturated with
512
00:41:35,493 --> 00:41:41,698
diving gases and you
remain saturated for the
duration of the dive.
513
00:41:42,167 --> 00:41:47,036
NARRATOR: Saturating thediver's body with a mix ofdiving gases avoids long and
514
00:41:47,138 --> 00:41:49,705
costly decompression times.
515
00:41:50,041 --> 00:41:54,510
Leaving the chamber, thedivers enter a diving bell,which drops through a hole in
516
00:41:54,513 --> 00:41:58,514
the ship and enters thefreezing Arctic waters.
517
00:41:59,284 --> 00:42:04,454
They leave the divingbell but remain attachedby an umbilical cord.
518
00:42:05,489 --> 00:42:10,727
-The biggest problem I think
we had diving at depth on the
Edinburgh, was staying warm.
519
00:42:11,696 --> 00:42:15,865
We had hot water
suits and we had hot water
being pumped down through,
520
00:42:15,867 --> 00:42:17,600
from the surface.
521
00:42:18,603 --> 00:42:21,937
NARRATOR: Too hot and thedivers could be badly scalded.
522
00:42:21,973 --> 00:42:24,841
Or, if the supply fails,they could find themselves
523
00:42:24,843 --> 00:42:28,678
at the mercy of thefreezing cold Arctic waters.
524
00:42:30,815 --> 00:42:35,151
-Then we'd be breathing
a very hot gas, which is
starting to burn the lungs.
525
00:42:35,520 --> 00:42:38,755
It was like being
kicked in the back of
the head by a mule.
526
00:42:38,857 --> 00:42:41,090
It wasn't pleasant diving.
527
00:42:41,359 --> 00:42:44,694
NARRATOR: The plan is forthe divers to enter the shipthrough the torpedo hole in
528
00:42:44,796 --> 00:42:50,032
the side then worktheir way through theship to the bomb room.
529
00:42:50,235 --> 00:42:55,204
But during the first divethere's an unexpected problem.
530
00:42:56,741 --> 00:42:59,508
RIC: When they got into that
hole, it was completely...
531
00:42:59,511 --> 00:43:01,911
we couldn't get
the debris out.
532
00:43:02,180 --> 00:43:06,182
NARRATOR: It's a setback, andthe team is forced to rethink.
533
00:43:06,350 --> 00:43:09,919
-The boat was ringed with
armored plating and we
would've struggled to
534
00:43:10,021 --> 00:43:13,322
get through that, so we
decided to go underneath
the armor plating and
535
00:43:13,391 --> 00:43:15,792
cut our way into the ship.
536
00:43:16,127 --> 00:43:19,662
NARRATOR: Cuttinginto the bomb room isfraught with danger.
537
00:43:20,065 --> 00:43:25,668
It may still containunstable explosive chargesleft over from the war.
538
00:43:26,271 --> 00:43:30,139
-We knew the inherent dangers;
we knew the risks and we were
very slow and cautious when
539
00:43:30,274 --> 00:43:32,474
we were cutting our
way into something.
540
00:43:32,477 --> 00:43:36,112
I actually cut my way
into the bomb room first.
541
00:43:36,915 --> 00:43:38,681
There's no visibility.
542
00:43:38,683 --> 00:43:41,150
You couldn't see your hand
in front of your face.
543
00:43:41,152 --> 00:43:43,519
Everything was done by feel.
544
00:43:47,492 --> 00:43:50,459
And then I touched something
that was slightly heavier.
545
00:43:50,495 --> 00:43:52,695
I tried to pick it
up, and because of its
size it should have,
546
00:43:52,697 --> 00:43:56,932
easily been able to lift it,
but the weight straight away,
gave me some sort of idea that
547
00:43:57,068 --> 00:43:59,435
this wasn't
something ordinary.
548
00:43:59,871 --> 00:44:02,772
As soon as I lifted
it I knew straight
away that it was gold.
549
00:44:09,381 --> 00:44:12,415
-You don't see that
often at 800 feet.
550
00:44:13,384 --> 00:44:16,018
-Roger, roger.
551
00:44:16,020 --> 00:44:19,255
I don't know about John
but I'm shaking like hell.
552
00:44:20,692 --> 00:44:23,592
-And then euphoria broke
out on the boat as well
everybody's running around,
553
00:44:23,628 --> 00:44:26,595
shouting and
screaming and carrying
on from the crew down.
554
00:44:26,664 --> 00:44:29,298
So, it was a very
exciting moment.
555
00:44:30,168 --> 00:44:34,136
NARRATOR: In total 460bars of gold are recovered,
556
00:44:34,139 --> 00:44:39,542
worth about $240 millionin today's money.
557
00:44:39,811 --> 00:44:44,647
It's the biggest haulof lost gold bullion everrecovered from the seabed.
558
00:44:45,983 --> 00:44:49,552
-This is a lead
copy, gold plated.
559
00:44:49,554 --> 00:44:53,155
There's a serial number at
the top, which is KP0620.
560
00:44:53,257 --> 00:44:58,027
Below that you see the hammer
and sickle and the Russian
markings in a cartouche and
561
00:44:58,162 --> 00:45:00,296
below that it said 99.99.
562
00:45:00,398 --> 00:45:02,231
That's pure gold.
563
00:45:02,667 --> 00:45:04,934
NARRATOR: The value of thetreasure is shared between the
564
00:45:05,069 --> 00:45:08,438
Russian and Britishgovernments andthe salvage team.
565
00:45:10,374 --> 00:45:12,307
-It was a vast
amount of money.
566
00:45:12,310 --> 00:45:14,210
We all did very
well out of it.
567
00:45:14,312 --> 00:45:18,380
It completely changed our
attitude to work because we
never really had to again,
568
00:45:18,482 --> 00:45:20,516
we did of course.
569
00:45:21,452 --> 00:45:26,122
NARRATOR: Now emptied ofits sunken treasure, peacereturns to the Edinburgh.
570
00:45:32,497 --> 00:45:36,265
-Gold has always captured
peoples' imagination.
571
00:45:36,835 --> 00:45:39,435
GARY: Yeah, it's
treasure fever.
572
00:45:40,871 --> 00:45:46,108
NIGEL: There's millions
of shipwrecks out there,
but for every 10,000
573
00:45:46,144 --> 00:45:50,279
shipwrecks on the
seabed probably one
might be high value.
574
00:45:50,981 --> 00:45:55,150
-Once you start, once
you go look for one
you can never stop.
575
00:45:55,452 --> 00:45:56,886
Captioned by
Cotter Captioning Services.
59551
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