All language subtitles for Subtitle Cat - All Language Subtitles - VEED-subtitles_Black Athena by Martin Bernal with Listervelt Middleton

a production of the South Carolina

a production of the South Carolina
educational<00:00:42.980> television<00:00:43.129> network<00:00:44.289> how<00:00:46.449> that

educational television network how that

educational television network how that
Egyptians<00:00:48.370> came<00:00:49.370> to<00:00:49.760> the<00:00:49.879> Peloponnese<00:00:50.510> and

Egyptians came to the Peloponnese and

Egyptians came to the Peloponnese and
what<00:00:52.789> they<00:00:53.089> do<00:00:53.739> to<00:00:54.739> make<00:00:54.920> themselves<00:00:55.219> peace<00:00:56.089> in

what they do to make themselves peace in

what they do to make themselves peace in
that<00:00:57.530> part<00:00:57.949> of<00:00:58.250> Greece<00:00:59.289> has<00:01:00.289> been<00:01:00.589> chronicled

that part of Greece has been chronicled

that part of Greece has been chronicled
by<00:01:01.519> other<00:01:02.239> leaders<00:01:02.780> I<00:01:03.729> will<00:01:04.729> add<00:01:04.909> nothing

by other leaders I will add nothing

by other leaders I will add nothing
therefore<00:01:06.520> but<00:01:07.520> proceed<00:01:08.030> to<00:01:08.420> mention<00:01:08.930> some

therefore but proceed to mention some

therefore but proceed to mention some
points<00:01:09.850> which<00:01:10.850> no<00:01:11.149> one<00:01:11.330> else<00:01:11.509> has<00:01:11.920> yet<00:01:12.920> touched

points which no one else has yet touched

points which no one else has yet touched
upon

good evening and welcome to for the

good evening and welcome to for the
people<00:01:42.140> mention<00:01:43.140> the<00:01:43.259> civilization<00:01:44.009> of

people mention the civilization of

people mention the civilization of
ancient<00:01:44.340> Greece<00:01:44.850> and<00:01:45.119> most<00:01:45.509> of<00:01:45.720> us

ancient Greece and most of us

ancient Greece and most of us
automatically<00:01:46.680> think<00:01:47.040> of<00:01:47.189> science

automatically think of science

automatically think of science
philosophy<00:01:47.880> and<00:01:48.570> mathematics<00:01:49.130> but<00:01:50.130> is<00:01:50.280> this

philosophy and mathematics but is this

philosophy and mathematics but is this
image<00:01:50.850> of<00:01:51.030> Greece<00:01:51.299> true<00:01:51.689> to<00:01:51.960> her<00:01:52.110> real<00:01:52.350> history

image of Greece true to her real history

image of Greece true to her real history
and<00:01:53.130> more<00:01:53.790> importantly<00:01:54.330> how<00:01:55.020> is<00:01:55.259> the<00:01:55.380> image<00:01:55.680> of

and more importantly how is the image of

and more importantly how is the image of
the<00:01:55.979> ancient<00:01:56.399> Greeks<00:01:56.700> as<00:01:56.909> the<00:01:57.210> creators<00:01:57.690> of

the ancient Greeks as the creators of

the ancient Greeks as the creators of
science<00:01:58.320> and<00:01:58.530> philosophy<00:01:58.970> being<00:01:59.970> used<00:02:00.299> to

science and philosophy being used to

science and philosophy being used to
bolster<00:02:01.049> and<00:02:01.380> perpetuate<00:02:02.189> racism<00:02:02.600> we'll

bolster and perpetuate racism we'll

bolster and perpetuate racism we'll
explore<00:02:04.049> these<00:02:04.320> and<00:02:04.680> many<00:02:04.770> other<00:02:04.920> questions

explore these and many other questions

explore these and many other questions
in<00:02:05.909> this<00:02:06.060> one-hour<00:02:06.390> live<00:02:06.930> call-in<00:02:07.380> special

in this one-hour live call-in special

in this one-hour live call-in special
with<00:02:08.580> dr.<00:02:09.000> Martin<00:02:09.269> Gardner<00:02:09.929> Bernal<00:02:10.319> author<00:02:10.709> of

with dr. Martin Gardner Bernal author of

with dr. Martin Gardner Bernal author of
black<00:02:11.400> Athena<00:02:11.910> the<00:02:12.690> afro-asiatic<00:02:13.260> roots<00:02:13.920> of

black Athena the afro-asiatic roots of

black Athena the afro-asiatic roots of
classical<00:02:14.700> civilization<00:02:15.560> for<00:02:16.560> nine<00:02:16.739> years

classical civilization for nine years

classical civilization for nine years
dr.<00:02:17.549> Bernal<00:02:17.880> was<00:02:17.910> a<00:02:18.209> fellow<00:02:18.569> at<00:02:18.660> King's

dr. Bernal was a fellow at King's

dr. Bernal was a fellow at King's
College<00:02:19.290> Cambridge<00:02:20.030> University<00:02:21.030> dr.<00:02:21.810> Bernal

College Cambridge University dr. Bernal

College Cambridge University dr. Bernal
earned<00:02:22.440> the<00:02:22.620> PhD<00:02:23.280> in<00:02:23.519> oriental<00:02:24.120> studies<00:02:24.330> at

earned the PhD in oriental studies at

earned the PhD in oriental studies at
the<00:02:24.810> same<00:02:25.170> University<00:02:25.860> he<00:02:26.489> is<00:02:26.640> currently<00:02:26.940> a

the same University he is currently a

the same University he is currently a
professor<00:02:27.269> of<00:02:27.959> government<00:02:28.560> studies<00:02:28.950> at

professor of government studies at

professor of government studies at
Cornell<00:02:29.760> University<00:02:31.010> incidentally<00:02:32.010> dr.

Cornell University incidentally dr.

Cornell University incidentally dr.
Bernal<00:02:32.880> is<00:02:33.090> the<00:02:33.209> grandson<00:02:33.569> of<00:02:33.810> Sir<00:02:34.380> Alan

Bernal is the grandson of Sir Alan

Bernal is the grandson of Sir Alan
Gardner<00:02:35.250> who<00:02:35.819> deciphered<00:02:36.239> the<00:02:36.630> earliest

Gardner who deciphered the earliest

Gardner who deciphered the earliest
semitic<00:02:37.590> alphabets<00:02:38.190> and<00:02:38.400> wrote<00:02:39.030> the<00:02:39.209> standard

semitic alphabets and wrote the standard

semitic alphabets and wrote the standard
egyptian<00:02:40.470> grammar<00:02:40.769> book<00:02:41.069> dr.<00:02:41.819> Bernal<00:02:42.090> what

egyptian grammar book dr. Bernal what

egyptian grammar book dr. Bernal what
impact<00:02:43.260> has<00:02:43.560> the<00:02:43.739> image<00:02:44.130> of<00:02:44.340> Greece<00:02:44.690> as<00:02:45.690> the

impact has the image of Greece as the

impact has the image of Greece as the
place<00:02:46.140> of<00:02:46.380> origin<00:02:46.620> of<00:02:47.100> mathematics<00:02:47.760> science

place of origin of mathematics science

place of origin of mathematics science
and<00:02:48.690> philosophy<00:02:49.130> had<00:02:50.130> on<00:02:50.459> racism<00:02:51.180> and

and philosophy had on racism and

and philosophy had on racism and
education<00:02:52.290> I<00:02:52.500> think<00:02:53.130> the<00:02:53.280> image<00:02:53.459> of<00:02:53.579> Greece

education I think the image of Greece

education I think the image of Greece
has<00:02:54.000> had<00:02:54.150> an<00:02:54.239> enormous<00:02:54.480> impact<00:02:54.840> on<00:02:55.459> racism<00:02:56.459> I

has had an enormous impact on racism I

has had an enormous impact on racism I
remember<00:02:57.269> when<00:02:57.390> I<00:02:57.480> was<00:02:57.600> young<00:02:57.840> I<00:02:58.049> spent<00:02:58.109> some

remember when I was young I spent some

remember when I was young I spent some
time<00:02:58.709> in<00:02:58.739> southern<00:02:59.190> Africa<00:02:59.640> in<00:02:59.850> what<00:03:00.060> are<00:03:00.239> now

time in southern Africa in what are now

time in southern Africa in what are now
malawian<00:03:01.920> Zimbabwe<00:03:02.489> and<00:03:02.760> they're<00:03:03.329> the<00:03:03.480> common

malawian Zimbabwe and they're the common

malawian Zimbabwe and they're the common
thing<00:03:03.989> for<00:03:04.220> enlightened<00:03:05.220> white<00:03:05.489> liberals<00:03:06.060> was

thing for enlightened white liberals was

thing for enlightened white liberals was
to<00:03:06.690> say<00:03:06.840> well<00:03:07.230> the<00:03:07.350> Africans<00:03:07.709> are<00:03:07.829> coming<00:03:08.040> on

to say well the Africans are coming on

to say well the Africans are coming on
fine<00:03:08.400> but<00:03:08.609> they<00:03:08.700> need<00:03:08.940> 2,000<00:03:09.870> years<00:03:10.049> of

fine but they need 2,000 years of

fine but they need 2,000 years of
civilization<00:03:10.470> to<00:03:11.340> reach<00:03:11.489> our<00:03:11.760> level<00:03:12.090> and<00:03:12.269> I

civilization to reach our level and I

civilization to reach our level and I
think<00:03:12.810> by<00:03:13.530> that<00:03:13.890> they<00:03:14.459> had<00:03:15.359> in<00:03:15.540> the<00:03:16.170> depths<00:03:16.500> of

think by that they had in the depths of

think by that they had in the depths of
their<00:03:16.739> minds<00:03:17.130> the<00:03:17.280> idea<00:03:17.310> of<00:03:17.609> Plato<00:03:17.820> and

their minds the idea of Plato and

their minds the idea of Plato and
Aristotle<00:03:18.269> that<00:03:18.959> was<00:03:19.170> a<00:03:19.200> two<00:03:19.410> thousand<00:03:19.920> years

Aristotle that was a two thousand years

Aristotle that was a two thousand years
which<00:03:20.400> White's<00:03:20.700> had<00:03:20.970> behind<00:03:21.299> them<00:03:21.510> and<00:03:21.660> blacks

which White's had behind them and blacks

which White's had behind them and blacks
didn't<00:03:23.090> more<00:03:24.090> crudely<00:03:25.040> the<00:03:26.040> extreme

didn't more crudely the extreme

didn't more crudely the extreme
right-wing<00:03:26.970> group<00:03:27.920> headed<00:03:28.920> by<00:03:28.950> a<00:03:29.549> French

right-wing group headed by a French

right-wing group headed by a French
intellectual<00:03:30.239> alain<00:03:30.630> de<00:03:30.780> Benoit<00:03:31.109> which<00:03:31.410> is

intellectual alain de Benoit which is

intellectual alain de Benoit which is
the<00:03:31.859> in<00:03:32.220> France<00:03:32.549> his<00:03:32.970> extreme<00:03:33.420> right<00:03:33.600> has

the in France his extreme right has

the in France his extreme right has
somehow<00:03:34.410> chosen<00:03:34.950> the<00:03:35.010> name<00:03:35.160> Gress<00:03:35.549> which<00:03:36.120> is<00:03:36.239> a

somehow chosen the name Gress which is a

somehow chosen the name Gress which is a
French<00:03:36.540> for<00:03:36.750> Greece<00:03:36.930> as<00:03:37.489> the<00:03:38.489> word<00:03:39.389> for<00:03:39.930> his

French for Greece as the word for his

French for Greece as the word for his
right<00:03:41.400> wing<00:03:41.639> intellectual<00:03:42.239> group<00:03:42.389> the<00:03:42.600> idea

right wing intellectual group the idea

right wing intellectual group the idea
of<00:03:43.290> Greece<00:03:43.590> as<00:03:43.889> a<00:03:43.920> pure<00:03:44.370> white<00:03:45.200> creative

of Greece as a pure white creative

of Greece as a pure white creative
civilization<00:03:47.400> has<00:03:48.120> been<00:03:48.299> extraordinarily

civilization has been extraordinarily

civilization has been extraordinarily
useful<00:03:49.620> for<00:03:50.340> racism<00:03:51.319> now<00:03:52.319> I<00:03:52.349> remember<00:03:52.680> that

useful for racism now I remember that

useful for racism now I remember that
child<00:03:53.320> when<00:03:53.800> I<00:03:53.850> started<00:03:54.850> reading<00:03:55.180> books<00:03:55.480> on

child when I started reading books on

child when I started reading books on
the<00:03:56.320> Greek<00:03:56.500> heroes<00:03:56.980> and<00:03:57.190> things<00:03:57.370> like<00:03:57.490> that<00:03:57.550> I

the Greek heroes and things like that I

the Greek heroes and things like that I
felt<00:03:58.480> a<00:03:58.570> sort<00:03:58.720> of<00:03:58.810> comfort<00:03:59.470> here<00:03:59.680> were<00:03:59.770> people

felt a sort of comfort here were people

felt a sort of comfort here were people
doing<00:04:00.160> exciting<00:04:00.730> and<00:04:00.910> adventurous<00:04:00.970> things

doing exciting and adventurous things

doing exciting and adventurous things
who<00:04:02.740> was<00:04:02.860> somehow<00:04:03.190> connected<00:04:03.580> to<00:04:03.730> me<00:04:03.910> that<00:04:04.840> I

who was somehow connected to me that I

who was somehow connected to me that I
was<00:04:05.290> somehow<00:04:05.500> like<00:04:05.740> the<00:04:05.860> Greeks<00:04:06.040> they<00:04:06.250> were

was somehow like the Greeks they were

was somehow like the Greeks they were
like<00:04:06.610> me<00:04:07.710> and<00:04:08.710> the<00:04:09.070> implication<00:04:09.940> of<00:04:10.030> all<00:04:10.150> I

like me and the implication of all I

like me and the implication of all I
read<00:04:10.480> was<00:04:10.660> that<00:04:10.690> they<00:04:10.900> were<00:04:10.960> whites<00:04:11.260> looking

read was that they were whites looking

read was that they were whites looking
more<00:04:12.010> or<00:04:12.070> less<00:04:12.190> like<00:04:12.340> I<00:04:12.520> did<00:04:12.730> I<00:04:13.630> know<00:04:13.990> talking

more or less like I did I know talking

more or less like I did I know talking
to<00:04:14.770> black<00:04:14.950> students<00:04:15.460> that<00:04:15.760> they<00:04:15.910> get<00:04:16.180> exactly

to black students that they get exactly

to black students that they get exactly
the<00:04:16.720> opposite<00:04:17.079> feeling<00:04:17.440> that<00:04:17.950> the<00:04:18.790> Greeks<00:04:19.030> are

the opposite feeling that the Greeks are

the opposite feeling that the Greeks are
somehow<00:04:19.450> not<00:04:19.600> like<00:04:20.290> them<00:04:20.650> that<00:04:21.480> a<00:04:22.530> friend<00:04:23.530> of

somehow not like them that a friend of

somehow not like them that a friend of
mine<00:04:23.830> brilliant<00:04:24.400> man<00:04:24.690> was<00:04:25.690> told<00:04:25.930> by<00:04:26.080> his

mine brilliant man was told by his

mine brilliant man was told by his
philosophy<00:04:26.620> teacher<00:04:26.800> on<00:04:26.919> the<00:04:26.950> first<00:04:27.190> day<00:04:27.340> of

philosophy teacher on the first day of

philosophy teacher on the first day of
college<00:04:28.000> that<00:04:28.840> all<00:04:29.380> philosophy<00:04:30.190> runs<00:04:30.910> between

college that all philosophy runs between

college that all philosophy runs between
Socrates<00:04:32.560> and<00:04:32.860> Nietzsche<00:04:33.460> there<00:04:34.150> is<00:04:34.240> no<00:04:34.390> other

Socrates and Nietzsche there is no other

Socrates and Nietzsche there is no other
philosophy<00:04:34.990> worth<00:04:35.140> talking<00:04:35.320> about<00:04:35.560> and<00:04:36.250> that

philosophy worth talking about and that

philosophy worth talking about and that
meant<00:04:36.940> that<00:04:37.210> he<00:04:37.419> as<00:04:38.140> a<00:04:38.770> an<00:04:39.400> afro-american<00:04:39.790> felt

meant that he as a an afro-american felt

meant that he as a an afro-american felt
shut<00:04:41.080> out<00:04:41.110> from<00:04:42.150> civilization<00:04:43.150> because<00:04:43.540> the

shut out from civilization because the

shut out from civilization because the
real<00:04:44.169> core<00:04:44.950> of<00:04:45.100> civilization<00:04:45.610> was<00:04:45.700> Greece<00:04:46.000> and

real core of civilization was Greece and

real core of civilization was Greece and
northern<00:04:47.110> Europe<00:04:47.410> and<00:04:47.620> therefore<00:04:48.220> no<00:04:48.400> one

northern Europe and therefore no one

northern Europe and therefore no one
else<00:04:48.760> in<00:04:48.910> the<00:04:49.000> world<00:04:49.150> could<00:04:49.720> share<00:04:49.990> in<00:04:50.140> it

else in the world could share in it

else in the world could share in it
specifically<00:04:51.730> what<00:04:52.390> are<00:04:52.510> some<00:04:52.720> of<00:04:52.840> the

specifically what are some of the

specifically what are some of the
mathematical<00:04:53.740> and<00:04:53.919> philosophical<00:04:54.700> concepts

mathematical and philosophical concepts

mathematical and philosophical concepts
that<00:04:55.810> had<00:04:55.960> been<00:04:56.110> attributed<00:04:56.710> to<00:04:56.740> the<00:04:57.430> Greeks

that had been attributed to the Greeks

that had been attributed to the Greeks
well<00:04:58.900> the<00:04:59.500> Greeks<00:04:59.820> are<00:05:00.820> supposed<00:05:01.240> to<00:05:01.419> have<00:05:01.660> I

well the Greeks are supposed to have I

well the Greeks are supposed to have I
mean<00:05:02.500> in<00:05:02.650> in<00:05:02.860> loose<00:05:03.130> thinking<00:05:03.700> people<00:05:04.180> say<00:05:04.419> the

mean in in loose thinking people say the

mean in in loose thinking people say the
Greeks<00:05:04.750> are<00:05:04.900> the<00:05:04.960> first<00:05:05.169> to<00:05:05.260> make

Greeks are the first to make

Greeks are the first to make
astronomical<00:05:06.070> predictions<00:05:06.900> the<00:05:07.900> first<00:05:08.110> to

astronomical predictions the first to

astronomical predictions the first to
make<00:05:08.320> geometrical<00:05:09.280> theorems<00:05:10.020> the<00:05:11.020> first

make geometrical theorems the first

make geometrical theorems the first
mechanics<00:05:12.520> a<00:05:12.729> whole<00:05:12.880> lot<00:05:13.120> of<00:05:13.150> the<00:05:13.300> first

mechanics a whole lot of the first

mechanics a whole lot of the first
doctors<00:05:14.290> a<00:05:14.320> whole<00:05:14.530> lot<00:05:14.680> of<00:05:14.770> scientific<00:05:15.250> things

doctors a whole lot of scientific things

doctors a whole lot of scientific things
the<00:05:16.210> first<00:05:16.419> to<00:05:16.510> invent<00:05:16.600> metaphysics

the first to invent metaphysics

the first to invent metaphysics
Aristotle<00:05:18.610> was<00:05:18.700> the<00:05:18.790> first<00:05:18.940> to<00:05:19.030> admit<00:05:19.120> logic<00:05:19.660> a

Aristotle was the first to admit logic a

Aristotle was the first to admit logic a
whole<00:05:20.910> gamut<00:05:21.910> of<00:05:22.270> of<00:05:23.790> scientific<00:05:24.790> and

whole gamut of of scientific and

whole gamut of of scientific and
philosophical<00:05:25.570> things<00:05:26.530> are<00:05:26.710> attributed<00:05:27.190> to

philosophical things are attributed to

philosophical things are attributed to
the<00:05:27.610> Greeks<00:05:27.820> as<00:05:28.260> creators<00:05:29.260> and<00:05:30.690> that<00:05:31.690> seems<00:05:32.050> to

the Greeks as creators and that seems to

the Greeks as creators and that seems to
me<00:05:33.000> exaggerated<00:05:34.000> I<00:05:34.060> mean<00:05:34.210> I'm<00:05:34.330> not<00:05:34.510> in<00:05:34.810> any<00:05:35.140> way

me exaggerated I mean I'm not in any way

me exaggerated I mean I'm not in any way
denying<00:05:35.950> massive<00:05:36.880> Greek<00:05:37.300> achievements<00:05:38.140> but

denying massive Greek achievements but

denying massive Greek achievements but
they<00:05:38.710> came<00:05:39.340> from<00:05:39.940> the<00:05:40.630> even<00:05:40.870> more<00:05:41.020> massive

they came from the even more massive

they came from the even more massive
achievements<00:05:41.950> of<00:05:42.040> the<00:05:42.130> Near<00:05:42.280> Eastern

achievements of the Near Eastern

achievements of the Near Eastern
civilizations<00:05:43.419> particularly<00:05:44.140> Egypt<00:05:44.560> okay

civilizations particularly Egypt okay

civilizations particularly Egypt okay
let's<00:05:45.070> get<00:05:45.250> to<00:05:45.310> that<00:05:45.669> later

let's get to that later

let's get to that later
how<00:05:46.510> old<00:05:46.810> is<00:05:47.020> Greek<00:05:47.260> civilization<00:05:48.780> well<00:05:49.780> it's

how old is Greek civilization well it's

how old is Greek civilization well it's
difficult<00:05:50.470> to<00:05:50.740> say<00:05:50.800> when<00:05:51.640> you<00:05:51.760> begin<00:05:52.000> it

difficult to say when you begin it

difficult to say when you begin it
because<00:05:52.600> as<00:05:53.250> Plato<00:05:54.250> reported<00:05:54.910> Egyptian

because as Plato reported Egyptian

because as Plato reported Egyptian
priests<00:05:55.810> told<00:05:56.110> so<00:05:56.710> long<00:05:56.919> the<00:05:57.220> great

priests told so long the great

priests told so long the great
legislator<00:05:57.940> of<00:05:58.270> Athens<00:05:58.630> that<00:05:59.190> the<00:06:00.190> Greeks

legislator of Athens that the Greeks

legislator of Athens that the Greeks
always<00:06:01.000> had<00:06:01.210> start<00:06:01.539> again<00:06:01.840> that<00:06:02.140> they<00:06:02.229> had

always had start again that they had

always had start again that they had
disasters<00:06:03.010> which<00:06:03.160> wiped<00:06:03.400> them<00:06:03.580> out<00:06:03.669> and<00:06:03.880> they

disasters which wiped them out and they

disasters which wiped them out and they
started<00:06:04.330> had<00:06:04.900> to<00:06:04.990> start<00:06:05.200> again

started had to start again

started had to start again
and<00:06:06.420> the<00:06:07.420> but<00:06:07.720> I<00:06:07.810> would<00:06:08.080> say<00:06:08.440> Greece<00:06:08.710> began

and the but I would say Greece began

and the but I would say Greece began
about<00:06:09.640> as<00:06:09.970> we<00:06:10.210> know<00:06:10.360> it<00:06:10.450> began<00:06:10.660> about<00:06:10.780> 1600<00:06:11.620> BC

about as we know it began about 1600 BC

about as we know it began about 1600 BC
and<00:06:12.960> then<00:06:13.960> there<00:06:14.800> was<00:06:15.100> overwhelmed<00:06:15.760> by<00:06:15.910> a

and then there was overwhelmed by a

and then there was overwhelmed by a
series<00:06:16.210> of<00:06:16.240> catastrophes<00:06:16.390> and<00:06:17.080> then

series of catastrophes and then

series of catastrophes and then
restarted<00:06:18.570> about<00:06:19.570> 750<00:06:20.320> BC<00:06:20.950> okay<00:06:21.880> now<00:06:22.210> to<00:06:22.270> your

restarted about 750 BC okay now to your

restarted about 750 BC okay now to your
book<00:06:22.720> black<00:06:22.960> Athena<00:06:23.350> the<00:06:24.130> afro-asiatic<00:06:24.490> roots

book black Athena the afro-asiatic roots

book black Athena the afro-asiatic roots
of<00:06:25.360> classical<00:06:25.930> civilization<00:06:27.510> how<00:06:28.510> has<00:06:28.780> the

of classical civilization how has the

of classical civilization how has the
image<00:06:29.350> of<00:06:29.620> Greece<00:06:30.250> changed<00:06:30.970> over<00:06:31.420> the<00:06:31.780> last

image of Greece changed over the last

image of Greece changed over the last
2,000<00:06:32.800> years<00:06:33.390> well<00:06:34.390> it's<00:06:34.840> changed<00:06:35.110> very

2,000 years well it's changed very

2,000 years well it's changed very
fundamentally<00:06:36.280> in<00:06:36.730> that<00:06:37.450> the<00:06:37.870> classical

fundamentally in that the classical

fundamentally in that the classical
writers<00:06:38.830> people<00:06:39.610> like<00:06:39.940> Herodotus<00:06:40.450> he<00:06:40.570> quoted

writers people like Herodotus he quoted

writers people like Herodotus he quoted
when<00:06:41.230> we<00:06:41.380> started<00:06:41.820> had<00:06:42.820> a<00:06:42.850> very<00:06:43.120> clear<00:06:43.660> image

when we started had a very clear image

when we started had a very clear image
that<00:06:44.290> the<00:06:44.740> Greeks<00:06:44.980> had<00:06:45.250> been<00:06:45.400> living<00:06:45.610> there<00:06:45.760> in

that the Greeks had been living there in

that the Greeks had been living there in
a<00:06:46.620> rather<00:06:47.620> primitive<00:06:47.980> primitive<00:06:48.550> level<00:06:49.060> and

a rather primitive primitive level and

a rather primitive primitive level and
along<00:06:49.930> had<00:06:50.230> come<00:06:50.610> Egyptians<00:06:51.610> and<00:06:51.820> Phoenicians

along had come Egyptians and Phoenicians

along had come Egyptians and Phoenicians
Phoenicians<00:06:53.230> are<00:06:53.350> the<00:06:53.590> people<00:06:54.070> who<00:06:54.160> lived<00:06:54.340> on

Phoenicians are the people who lived on

Phoenicians are the people who lived on
the<00:06:54.700> Levant<00:06:55.270> in<00:06:55.570> present<00:06:55.960> Lebanon<00:06:56.320> and<00:06:56.610> these

the Levant in present Lebanon and these

the Levant in present Lebanon and these
people<00:06:57.850> had<00:06:58.180> set<00:06:58.420> up<00:06:58.570> cities<00:06:58.930> and<00:06:59.170> had

people had set up cities and had

people had set up cities and had
civilized<00:06:59.740> the<00:07:00.250> Greeks<00:07:00.490> had<00:07:01.240> taught<00:07:01.480> them

civilized the Greeks had taught them

civilized the Greeks had taught them
irrigation<00:07:03.100> new<00:07:03.460> weapons<00:07:04.650> the<00:07:05.650> alphabet<00:07:06.040> how

irrigation new weapons the alphabet how

irrigation new weapons the alphabet how
to<00:07:06.280> write<00:07:06.520> a<00:07:06.550> whole<00:07:06.760> series<00:07:07.090> of<00:07:07.240> things<00:07:07.510> were

to write a whole series of things were

to write a whole series of things were
attributed<00:07:08.200> to<00:07:08.230> these<00:07:08.830> Egyptian<00:07:09.610> and

attributed to these Egyptian and

attributed to these Egyptian and
Phoenician<00:07:10.320> colonizers<00:07:11.320> and<00:07:12.450> then<00:07:13.450> later

Phoenician colonizers and then later

Phoenician colonizers and then later
Greeks<00:07:14.500> were<00:07:14.710> supposed<00:07:15.040> to<00:07:15.100> have<00:07:15.250> gone<00:07:15.280> to

Greeks were supposed to have gone to

Greeks were supposed to have gone to
Egypt<00:07:16.450> to<00:07:16.930> study<00:07:17.230> to<00:07:17.830> improve<00:07:18.190> on<00:07:18.550> their

Egypt to study to improve on their

Egypt to study to improve on their
knowledge<00:07:19.360> of<00:07:19.750> Egyptian<00:07:20.680> culture<00:07:21.390> so<00:07:22.390> you

knowledge of Egyptian culture so you

knowledge of Egyptian culture so you
have<00:07:22.690> this<00:07:22.840> double<00:07:23.169> thing<00:07:23.200> you<00:07:23.440> have<00:07:23.620> the

have this double thing you have the

have this double thing you have the
colonization<00:07:24.610> in<00:07:24.820> the<00:07:25.120> Bronze<00:07:25.360> Age<00:07:25.710> which

colonization in the Bronze Age which

colonization in the Bronze Age which
would<00:07:26.919> put<00:07:27.100> in<00:07:27.220> the<00:07:27.310> middle<00:07:27.490> of<00:07:27.760> the<00:07:27.910> second

would put in the middle of the second

would put in the middle of the second
millennium<00:07:28.360> the<00:07:28.690> millet<00:07:28.930> and<00:07:29.110> the<00:07:29.320> ammonium

millennium the millet and the ammonium

millennium the millet and the ammonium
from<00:07:29.800> 2000<00:07:30.280> 1000<00:07:30.850> BC<00:07:31.440> and<00:07:32.440> then<00:07:33.430> you<00:07:33.760> have<00:07:34.000> in

from 2000 1000 BC and then you have in

from 2000 1000 BC and then you have in
the<00:07:34.360> 1st<00:07:34.630> millennium<00:07:34.810> BC<00:07:35.650> Greeks<00:07:36.550> studying<00:07:37.450> in

the 1st millennium BC Greeks studying in

the 1st millennium BC Greeks studying in
Egypt<00:07:38.680> and<00:07:38.800> bringing<00:07:39.520> back<00:07:39.730> their<00:07:40.060> wisdom<00:07:40.300> or

Egypt and bringing back their wisdom or

Egypt and bringing back their wisdom or
their<00:07:41.350> learning<00:07:41.680> to<00:07:41.970> Greece<00:07:42.970> so<00:07:43.600> you<00:07:43.660> have

their learning to Greece so you have

their learning to Greece so you have
sort<00:07:43.960> of<00:07:44.050> a<00:07:44.110> two-tier<00:07:44.590> system<00:07:45.250> of<00:07:45.340> borrowings

sort of a two-tier system of borrowings

sort of a two-tier system of borrowings
by<00:07:46.360> the<00:07:46.530> Greeks<00:07:47.530> from<00:07:47.740> the<00:07:47.919> Egyptians<00:07:48.660> ok<00:07:49.660> but

by the Greeks from the Egyptians ok but

by the Greeks from the Egyptians ok but
how<00:07:50.770> has<00:07:50.950> it<00:07:50.980> changed<00:07:51.130> over<00:07:51.760> these<00:07:51.910> well<00:07:52.870> sorry

how has it changed over these well sorry

how has it changed over these well sorry
back<00:07:53.410> to<00:07:53.440> the<00:07:53.770> the<00:07:54.010> original<00:07:54.460> thing<00:07:54.610> ok<00:07:55.180> so<00:07:55.450> you

back to the the original thing ok so you

back to the the original thing ok so you
have<00:07:55.720> the<00:07:56.520> this<00:07:57.520> idea<00:07:57.910> which<00:07:58.030> I<00:07:58.150> have<00:07:58.240> called

have the this idea which I have called

have the this idea which I have called
the<00:07:58.660> ancient<00:07:58.840> model<00:07:59.290> in<00:07:59.740> my<00:07:59.980> thing<00:08:00.310> which<00:08:00.460> was

the ancient model in my thing which was

the ancient model in my thing which was
Greece<00:08:00.820> is<00:08:01.030> the<00:08:01.090> result<00:08:01.540> of<00:08:01.720> this<00:08:02.820> two-tier

Greece is the result of this two-tier

Greece is the result of this two-tier
borrowing<00:08:04.270> from<00:08:04.570> the<00:08:04.720> Near<00:08:04.990> East

borrowing from the Near East

borrowing from the Near East
now<00:08:06.070> that<00:08:06.310> lasted<00:08:07.060> amazingly<00:08:07.870> long<00:08:08.110> it<00:08:08.260> lasted

now that lasted amazingly long it lasted

now that lasted amazingly long it lasted
until<00:08:08.830> about<00:08:09.450> 1800<00:08:10.450> ad<00:08:10.950> so<00:08:11.950> until<00:08:12.250> 1800<00:08:13.030> ad<00:08:13.210> yes

until about 1800 ad so until 1800 ad yes

until about 1800 ad so until 1800 ad yes
if<00:08:14.229> you<00:08:14.410> talk<00:08:14.620> to<00:08:14.830> anybody<00:08:15.039> living<00:08:15.729> in<00:08:15.880> the

if you talk to anybody living in the

if you talk to anybody living in the
17th<00:08:16.750> or<00:08:16.930> 18th<00:08:16.960> century<00:08:17.470> AD<00:08:17.620> this<00:08:17.919> is<00:08:18.100> European

17th or 18th century AD this is European

17th or 18th century AD this is European
scholars<00:08:18.669> among<00:08:19.180> other

scholars among other

scholars among other
they<00:08:20.290> would<00:08:20.470> have<00:08:20.590> said<00:08:20.830> the<00:08:21.280> Greeks<00:08:21.520> were

they would have said the Greeks were

they would have said the Greeks were
great<00:08:21.940> people<00:08:22.180> because<00:08:22.810> they<00:08:23.170> preserved<00:08:23.620> some

great people because they preserved some

great people because they preserved some
part<00:08:24.730> of<00:08:25.000> the<00:08:25.420> wisdom<00:08:25.720> of<00:08:25.780> the<00:08:25.900> Orient<00:08:26.230> and

part of the wisdom of the Orient and

part of the wisdom of the Orient and
they<00:08:27.370> had<00:08:27.610> learned<00:08:28.060> from<00:08:28.270> the<00:08:28.630> Egyptians<00:08:28.990> and

they had learned from the Egyptians and

they had learned from the Egyptians and
they<00:08:29.350> had<00:08:29.500> transmitted<00:08:30.190> this<00:08:30.610> wisdom<00:08:31.450> on<00:08:31.630> to

they had transmitted this wisdom on to

they had transmitted this wisdom on to
later<00:08:32.560> ages<00:08:33.039> and<00:08:33.280> they<00:08:33.340> should<00:08:33.490> be<00:08:33.580> given<00:08:33.789> the

later ages and they should be given the

later ages and they should be given the
credit<00:08:34.000> for<00:08:34.599> that<00:08:34.660> this<00:08:35.380> was<00:08:35.560> the<00:08:35.680> image<00:08:35.770> of

credit for that this was the image of

credit for that this was the image of
Greece<00:08:36.280> as<00:08:36.520> the<00:08:36.580> first<00:08:37.000> European<00:08:37.510> country<00:08:37.690> the

Greece as the first European country the

Greece as the first European country the
oldest<00:08:38.320> European<00:08:38.740> country<00:08:39.160> and<00:08:39.760> it<00:08:39.940> had<00:08:40.060> been

oldest European country and it had been

oldest European country and it had been
the<00:08:40.450> oldest<00:08:40.750> we<00:08:40.840> civilized<00:08:41.050> because<00:08:41.500> it<00:08:41.979> had

the oldest we civilized because it had

the oldest we civilized because it had
been<00:08:42.250> close<00:08:42.580> to<00:08:43.270> the<00:08:43.510> much<00:08:43.780> older

been close to the much older

been close to the much older
civilizations<00:08:45.010> of<00:08:45.280> the<00:08:45.340> Near<00:08:45.580> East<00:08:45.610> okay<00:08:46.420> we

civilizations of the Near East okay we

civilizations of the Near East okay we
want<00:08:46.690> to<00:08:46.750> examine<00:08:46.990> how<00:08:47.260> this<00:08:47.440> change<00:08:47.920> in<00:08:48.310> image

want to examine how this change in image

want to examine how this change in image
came<00:08:48.820> about<00:08:49.090> so<00:08:49.360> go<00:08:49.800> ahead<00:08:50.800> okay<00:08:51.190> then<00:08:51.730> you<00:08:52.120> get

came about so go ahead okay then you get

came about so go ahead okay then you get
a<00:08:52.510> an<00:08:52.930> attack<00:08:53.680> on<00:08:53.890> this<00:08:54.400> ancient<00:08:54.700> model

a an attack on this ancient model

a an attack on this ancient model
particularly<00:08:56.470> on<00:08:56.710> the<00:08:56.770> colonizing<00:08:57.160> but<00:08:57.490> also

particularly on the colonizing but also

particularly on the colonizing but also
on<00:08:57.970> the<00:08:58.060> idea<00:08:58.300> of<00:08:58.360> the<00:08:58.480> Greek<00:08:58.600> students<00:08:59.040> and<00:09:00.040> a

on the idea of the Greek students and a

on the idea of the Greek students and a
discrediting<00:09:00.880> of<00:09:01.030> all<00:09:01.510> the<00:09:01.840> ancient

discrediting of all the ancient

discrediting of all the ancient
testimony<00:09:03.910> saying<00:09:04.390> that<00:09:04.600> these<00:09:04.720> things<00:09:04.870> have

testimony saying that these things have

testimony saying that these things have
taken<00:09:05.170> place<00:09:05.490> so<00:09:06.490> you<00:09:06.550> get<00:09:06.730> the<00:09:06.910> irony<00:09:07.270> is<00:09:07.600> that

taken place so you get the irony is that

taken place so you get the irony is that
as<00:09:07.960> the<00:09:08.230> Greeks<00:09:08.560> are<00:09:08.740> being<00:09:08.920> raised<00:09:09.130> as<00:09:09.460> the

as the Greeks are being raised as the

as the Greeks are being raised as the
first<00:09:09.760> creative<00:09:10.330> people<00:09:10.600> the<00:09:10.810> first<00:09:11.020> artists

first creative people the first artists

first creative people the first artists
the<00:09:11.560> first<00:09:11.740> philosophers<00:09:12.280> the<00:09:12.400> first

the first philosophers the first

the first philosophers the first
mathematicians<00:09:13.300> you<00:09:13.720> simultaneously<00:09:14.050> get

mathematicians you simultaneously get

mathematicians you simultaneously get
the<00:09:14.770> Greeks<00:09:14.980> as<00:09:15.300> historians<00:09:16.300> being

the Greeks as historians being

the Greeks as historians being
denigrated<00:09:17.380> because<00:09:18.310> they<00:09:18.370> couldn't<00:09:18.610> being

denigrated because they couldn't being

denigrated because they couldn't being
put<00:09:19.210> down<00:09:19.240> being<00:09:19.660> put<00:09:19.840> down<00:09:19.870> they<00:09:20.140> could<00:09:20.410> not

put down being put down they could not

put down being put down they could not
be<00:09:20.710> trusted<00:09:21.190> with<00:09:21.310> their<00:09:21.430> own<00:09:21.520> history

be trusted with their own history

be trusted with their own history
because<00:09:22.210> they<00:09:22.510> said<00:09:22.870> that<00:09:23.110> they<00:09:23.200> had<00:09:23.320> borrowed

because they said that they had borrowed

because they said that they had borrowed
from<00:09:23.680> the<00:09:23.980> Egyptians<00:09:24.400> this<00:09:24.820> is<00:09:24.940> what<00:09:25.060> the

from the Egyptians this is what the

from the Egyptians this is what the
later<00:09:25.420> scholars<00:09:25.930> were<00:09:26.080> so<00:09:26.200> later<00:09:26.380> scholars

later scholars were so later scholars

later scholars were so later scholars
said<00:09:27.010> the<00:09:27.400> Greeks<00:09:27.610> were<00:09:27.760> wonderful

said the Greeks were wonderful

said the Greeks were wonderful
everything<00:09:28.630> except<00:09:28.990> for<00:09:29.080> history<00:09:29.400> yeah

everything except for history yeah

everything except for history yeah
history<00:09:30.880> they<00:09:31.000> couldn't<00:09:31.270> be<00:09:31.330> trusted<00:09:31.660> on<00:09:31.750> on

history they couldn't be trusted on on

history they couldn't be trusted on on
so<00:09:32.440> you<00:09:32.500> have<00:09:32.560> this<00:09:32.830> sort<00:09:33.310> of<00:09:33.400> you<00:09:33.910> attack<00:09:34.180> the

so you have this sort of you attack the

so you have this sort of you attack the
Greeks<00:09:34.480> as<00:09:34.660> historians<00:09:35.110> as<00:09:35.230> you<00:09:35.290> build<00:09:35.500> them

Greeks as historians as you build them

Greeks as historians as you build them
up<00:09:35.740> as<00:09:36.010> everything<00:09:36.520> else<00:09:37.200> so<00:09:38.200> you<00:09:38.260> have<00:09:38.560> in<00:09:39.280> the

up as everything else so you have in the

up as everything else so you have in the
1820s<00:09:39.790> which<00:09:40.750> was<00:09:40.900> a<00:09:40.930> particularly

1820s which was a particularly

1820s which was a particularly
conservative<00:09:41.770> period<00:09:42.310> as<00:09:42.370> a<00:09:42.430> period<00:09:42.700> after

conservative period as a period after

conservative period as a period after
the<00:09:42.970> defeat<00:09:43.150> of<00:09:43.210> the<00:09:43.330> French<00:09:43.540> Revolution<00:09:44.050> you

the defeat of the French Revolution you

the defeat of the French Revolution you
have<00:09:45.430> a<00:09:45.910> building<00:09:46.510> up<00:09:46.660> an<00:09:46.930> attack<00:09:47.230> on<00:09:47.260> the

have a building up an attack on the

have a building up an attack on the
ancient<00:09:47.800> model<00:09:47.980> and<00:09:48.280> in<00:09:48.640> the<00:09:48.730> 1830s<00:09:49.240> and<00:09:49.300> 40s

ancient model and in the 1830s and 40s

ancient model and in the 1830s and 40s
you<00:09:50.140> have<00:09:50.320> a<00:09:50.350> building<00:09:50.650> up<00:09:50.770> of<00:09:50.980> what<00:09:51.220> I<00:09:51.250> call

you have a building up of what I call

you have a building up of what I call
the<00:09:51.580> Aryan<00:09:52.000> model<00:09:52.390> okay<00:09:52.870> let's<00:09:53.170> get<00:09:53.320> to<00:09:53.470> that<00:09:53.500> a

the Aryan model okay let's get to that a

the Aryan model okay let's get to that a
little<00:09:53.980> bit<00:09:54.070> later<00:09:54.190> okay<00:09:54.490> so<00:09:54.550> how<00:09:55.030> old<00:09:55.330> is

little bit later okay so how old is

little bit later okay so how old is
Egyptian<00:09:56.320> civilisation<00:09:57.190> well<00:09:58.170> Egyptian

Egyptian civilisation well Egyptian

Egyptian civilisation well Egyptian
civilization<00:09:59.710> certainly<00:10:00.130> goes<00:10:00.310> back<00:10:00.550> to<00:10:00.730> the

civilization certainly goes back to the

civilization certainly goes back to the
fourth<00:10:02.230> millennium<00:10:02.440> that's<00:10:02.770> the<00:10:02.860> 3000<00:10:03.640> BC<00:10:04.300> so

fourth millennium that's the 3000 BC so

fourth millennium that's the 3000 BC so
it<00:10:05.200> is<00:10:05.700> you<00:10:06.700> know<00:10:06.850> 2,000<00:10:07.690> years<00:10:07.810> older<00:10:08.170> than

it is you know 2,000 years older than

it is you know 2,000 years older than
Greek<00:10:09.280> civilization<00:10:09.970> specifically<00:10:10.930> what

Greek civilization specifically what

Greek civilization specifically what
were<00:10:11.380> some<00:10:11.620> of<00:10:11.860> the<00:10:12.760> major<00:10:13.060> achievements<00:10:13.840> of

were some of the major achievements of

were some of the major achievements of
Egypt<00:10:15.060> when<00:10:16.060> her<00:10:16.480> population<00:10:17.670> was<00:10:18.670> primarily

Egypt when her population was primarily

Egypt when her population was primarily
African<00:10:19.720> well<00:10:21.480> achievements<00:10:22.480> were<00:10:22.630> massive<00:10:23.290> I

African well achievements were massive I

African well achievements were massive I
mean<00:10:23.620> first<00:10:23.800> of<00:10:23.920> all<00:10:24.010> the<00:10:24.430> economic<00:10:25.090> and

mean first of all the economic and

mean first of all the economic and
social<00:10:25.510> balance<00:10:26.020> of<00:10:26.350> this<00:10:26.440> very<00:10:26.620> large

social balance of this very large

social balance of this very large
country<00:10:27.400> a<00:10:27.430> prosperous<00:10:27.910> country<00:10:28.060> then<00:10:28.780> you

country a prosperous country then you

country a prosperous country then you
get<00:10:29.140> the<00:10:29.320> architectural<00:10:29.920> triumphs<00:10:30.400> the<00:10:30.580> very

get the architectural triumphs the very

get the architectural triumphs the very
sophisticated<00:10:31.589> mathematics

sophisticated mathematics

sophisticated mathematics
required<00:10:33.370> to<00:10:33.910> back<00:10:34.089> up<00:10:34.300> this<00:10:35.170> you<00:10:36.070> get<00:10:36.250> very

required to back up this you get very

required to back up this you get very
strong<00:10:37.149> traditions<00:10:37.660> indicating<00:10:38.290> that<00:10:38.339> a<00:10:39.339> lot

strong traditions indicating that a lot

strong traditions indicating that a lot
of<00:10:40.420> Egyptian<00:10:41.550> philosophy<00:10:42.550> and<00:10:42.820> Egyptian

of Egyptian philosophy and Egyptian

of Egyptian philosophy and Egyptian
medicine<00:10:43.450> was<00:10:43.870> formed<00:10:44.260> at<00:10:44.410> a<00:10:44.470> very<00:10:44.800> early

medicine was formed at a very early

medicine was formed at a very early
stage<00:10:45.460> in<00:10:45.850> Egyptian<00:10:46.540> history<00:10:46.570> okay<00:10:47.260> it<00:10:47.380> is<00:10:47.529> you

stage in Egyptian history okay it is you

stage in Egyptian history okay it is you
brought<00:10:47.950> some<00:10:48.130> slides<00:10:48.430> with<00:10:48.730> you<00:10:48.760> yeah<00:10:49.390> the

brought some slides with you yeah the

brought some slides with you yeah the
question<00:10:50.110> of<00:10:50.589> of<00:10:50.890> who<00:10:51.820> the<00:10:52.240> Egyptians<00:10:52.750> were

question of of who the Egyptians were

question of of who the Egyptians were
racially<00:10:53.620> speaking<00:10:53.740> could<00:10:54.640> you<00:10:54.730> address<00:10:54.970> that

racially speaking could you address that

racially speaking could you address that
please

please

please
well<00:10:56.160> Egypt<00:10:57.160> is<00:10:57.399> in<00:10:57.459> Africa<00:10:57.820> there's<00:10:58.420> no

well Egypt is in Africa there's no

well Egypt is in Africa there's no
question<00:10:58.959> Egypt<00:10:59.380> is<00:10:59.500> an<00:10:59.589> African

question Egypt is an African

question Egypt is an African
now<00:11:00.399> you<00:11:00.459> say<00:11:00.760> Egypt<00:11:01.149> is<00:11:01.270> in<00:11:01.300> Africa<00:11:01.510> but<00:11:01.930> you

now you say Egypt is in Africa but you

now you say Egypt is in Africa but you
know<00:11:02.230> I<00:11:02.260> can<00:11:02.560> talk<00:11:02.740> to<00:11:02.830> a<00:11:02.890> lot<00:11:03.070> of<00:11:03.190> people<00:11:03.520> and

know I can talk to a lot of people and

know I can talk to a lot of people and
have<00:11:03.790> talked<00:11:04.029> to<00:11:04.060> a<00:11:04.209> lot<00:11:04.360> of<00:11:04.390> people<00:11:05.130> we<00:11:06.130> went

have talked to a lot of people we went

have talked to a lot of people we went
to<00:11:06.520> to<00:11:06.910> Egypt<00:11:08.730> in<00:11:09.730> July<00:11:10.089> and<00:11:11.760> someone<00:11:12.760> asked

to to Egypt in July and someone asked

to to Egypt in July and someone asked
you<00:11:13.720> know<00:11:13.839> where<00:11:14.680> you<00:11:14.980> gonna<00:11:15.160> do<00:11:15.339> something<00:11:15.670> on

you know where you gonna do something on

you know where you gonna do something on
on<00:11:16.180> African<00:11:17.170> civilization<00:11:17.920> well<00:11:18.130> why<00:11:18.520> are<00:11:18.580> you

on African civilization well why are you

on African civilization well why are you
going<00:11:18.970> to<00:11:19.209> Egypt<00:11:24.870> so<00:11:25.870> it<00:11:26.200> is<00:11:26.290> a<00:11:26.320> real

going to Egypt so it is a real

going to Egypt so it is a real
consideration<00:11:28.260> subject<00:11:29.260> or<00:11:29.620> concern<00:11:30.070> rather

consideration subject or concern rather

consideration subject or concern rather
but<00:11:31.839> racially<00:11:32.230> speaking<00:11:32.320> who<00:11:32.709> were<00:11:32.920> the

but racially speaking who were the

but racially speaking who were the
ancient<00:11:33.490> Egyptians<00:11:33.910> well<00:11:34.330> I<00:11:34.750> mean<00:11:35.589> they<00:11:36.190> lived

ancient Egyptians well I mean they lived

ancient Egyptians well I mean they lived
in<00:11:36.550> Egypt<00:11:36.910> the<00:11:37.150> language<00:11:37.630> they<00:11:37.870> spoke<00:11:38.230> was<00:11:38.890> a

in Egypt the language they spoke was a

in Egypt the language they spoke was a
language<00:11:39.190> which<00:11:39.550> seems<00:11:39.790> to<00:11:39.970> have<00:11:40.060> developed

language which seems to have developed

language which seems to have developed
in<00:11:41.070> Ethiopia<00:11:42.070> and<00:11:42.310> Kenya<00:11:42.390> part<00:11:43.390> of<00:11:43.600> the<00:11:43.720> great

in Ethiopia and Kenya part of the great

in Ethiopia and Kenya part of the great
afro-asiatic<00:11:45.240> language<00:11:46.240> family<00:11:46.720> and<00:11:47.130> most<00:11:48.130> of

afro-asiatic language family and most of

afro-asiatic language family and most of
the<00:11:48.550> formation<00:11:49.180> of<00:11:49.360> Egypt<00:11:49.900> seems<00:11:50.110> to<00:11:50.170> have

the formation of Egypt seems to have

the formation of Egypt seems to have
happened<00:11:50.410> in<00:11:50.680> Upper<00:11:51.070> Egypt<00:11:51.400> or<00:11:51.610> on<00:11:52.029> the<00:11:52.750> nubian

happened in Upper Egypt or on the nubian

happened in Upper Egypt or on the nubian
frontier<00:11:53.650> of<00:11:53.860> Egypt<00:11:54.400> or<00:11:54.640> beyond<00:11:55.180> that<00:11:55.450> up<00:11:56.080> a

frontier of Egypt or beyond that up a

frontier of Egypt or beyond that up a
Egyptians<00:11:56.800> unified<00:11:57.459> the<00:11:57.880> country<00:11:58.300> and<00:11:58.510> it

Egyptians unified the country and it

Egyptians unified the country and it
seems<00:11:58.750> have<00:11:58.900> had<00:11:59.020> a<00:11:59.050> dominating<00:11:59.589> role<00:11:59.800> in

seems have had a dominating role in

seems have had a dominating role in
various<00:12:01.660> key<00:12:01.930> periods<00:12:02.410> of<00:12:02.529> its<00:12:02.650> history<00:12:03.330> the

various key periods of its history the

various key periods of its history the
population<00:12:05.290> were<00:12:05.470> black<00:12:06.150> but<00:12:07.150> that<00:12:07.180> doesn't

population were black but that doesn't

population were black but that doesn't
mean<00:12:07.630> they<00:12:07.779> look<00:12:07.930> like<00:12:08.050> West<00:12:08.260> Africans<00:12:09.209> some

mean they look like West Africans some

mean they look like West Africans some
did<00:12:10.420> some<00:12:10.450> didn't<00:12:11.050> but<00:12:11.140> Africa<00:12:11.740> as<00:12:11.920> the

did some didn't but Africa as the

did some didn't but Africa as the
homeland<00:12:13.420> of<00:12:13.540> mankind<00:12:14.020> has<00:12:14.980> more<00:12:15.370> varied

homeland of mankind has more varied

homeland of mankind has more varied
types<00:12:15.970> than<00:12:16.270> almost<00:12:16.480> any<00:12:16.690> other<00:12:17.490> continent

types than almost any other continent

types than almost any other continent
but<00:12:19.570> the<00:12:20.260> Egyptian<00:12:21.250> basic<00:12:21.670> population<00:12:22.150> was

but the Egyptian basic population was

but the Egyptian basic population was
East<00:12:22.450> African<00:12:22.959> but<00:12:23.230> there<00:12:23.410> were<00:12:23.500> some<00:12:23.820> middle

East African but there were some middle

East African but there were some middle
or<00:12:24.970> West<00:12:25.209> African<00:12:25.660> types<00:12:25.900> in<00:12:26.170> the<00:12:26.680> population

or West African types in the population

or West African types in the population
I<00:12:27.310> mean<00:12:27.430> it's<00:12:27.520> very<00:12:27.579> difficult<00:12:27.730> when<00:12:28.180> I<00:12:28.270> gets

I mean it's very difficult when I gets

I mean it's very difficult when I gets
into<00:12:28.660> the<00:12:28.720> technicalities<00:12:29.589> of<00:12:30.060> it<00:12:31.060> and<00:12:31.209> we're

into the technicalities of it and we're

into the technicalities of it and we're
talking<00:12:31.510> about<00:12:31.720> what<00:12:31.990> period<00:12:32.350> the<00:12:32.440> early

talking about what period the early

talking about what period the early
period<00:12:33.250> we're<00:12:33.700> talking<00:12:33.760> about<00:12:34.120> the<00:12:34.510> old

period we're talking about the old

period we're talking about the old
kingdom<00:12:35.589> and<00:12:36.149> the<00:12:37.149> middle<00:12:37.420> dates<00:12:37.630> back<00:12:37.839> to<00:12:38.230> the

kingdom and the middle dates back to the

kingdom and the middle dates back to the
Old<00:12:38.920> Kingdom<00:12:39.190> dates<00:12:39.579> back<00:12:39.790> well<00:12:40.149> as

Old Kingdom dates back well as

Old Kingdom dates back well as
controversy<00:12:40.750> about<00:12:40.930> this<00:12:41.050> I<00:12:41.110> would<00:12:41.440> I<00:12:41.680> would

controversy about this I would I would

controversy about this I would I would
accept<00:12:42.190> a<00:12:42.220> traditional<00:12:42.640> date<00:12:42.790> at<00:12:42.940> 3,250<00:12:43.870> son

accept a traditional date at 3,250 son

accept a traditional date at 3,250 son
right

right

right
and<00:12:45.910> that<00:12:46.570> period<00:12:47.020> you<00:12:47.800> get<00:12:48.010> a<00:12:48.250> higher

and that period you get a higher

and that period you get a higher
proportion<00:12:49.120> in<00:12:49.420> the<00:12:49.480> representations<00:12:50.290> of

proportion in the representations of

proportion in the representations of
people<00:12:50.500> looking<00:12:51.130> black<00:12:51.520> by<00:12:51.820> okay<00:12:52.420> well<00:12:52.600> let's

people looking black by okay well let's

people looking black by okay well let's
go<00:12:52.900> to<00:12:52.960> the<00:12:53.080> slides<00:12:53.380> of<00:12:53.530> you<00:12:53.650> okay<00:12:54.070> well<00:12:54.220> in

go to the slides of you okay well in

go to the slides of you okay well in
fact<00:12:54.520> the<00:12:54.940> lady<00:12:55.330> we<00:12:55.480> have<00:12:55.630> now<00:12:55.810> queen<00:12:56.230> ty<00:12:56.470> who

fact the lady we have now queen ty who

fact the lady we have now queen ty who
is<00:12:56.770> the<00:12:56.890> mother<00:12:57.040> of<00:12:57.250> the<00:12:57.340> famous<00:12:57.580> King

is the mother of the famous King

is the mother of the famous King
Akhenaten<00:12:58.200> is<00:12:59.200> in<00:12:59.620> the<00:12:59.800> New<00:12:59.950> Kingdom<00:13:00.220> and<00:13:00.550> I

Akhenaten is in the New Kingdom and I

Akhenaten is in the New Kingdom and I
think<00:13:00.820> I<00:13:00.880> better<00:13:01.060> bring<00:13:01.210> out<00:13:01.330> that<00:13:01.690> there's

think I better bring out that there's

think I better bring out that there's
been<00:13:02.710> a<00:13:02.800> tendency<00:13:03.010> among<00:13:03.310> Egyptologists<00:13:04.150> when

been a tendency among Egyptologists when

been a tendency among Egyptologists when
I<00:13:04.270> see<00:13:04.450> a<00:13:04.480> black<00:13:04.690> in<00:13:04.960> ancient<00:13:05.110> Egypt<00:13:05.440> say

I see a black in ancient Egypt say

I see a black in ancient Egypt say
that's<00:13:05.740> a<00:13:05.830> servant<00:13:06.220> that<00:13:06.460> somebody<00:13:06.910> low<00:13:07.420> down

that's a servant that somebody low down

that's a servant that somebody low down
in<00:13:08.230> the<00:13:08.440> social<00:13:08.800> scale<00:13:09.070> this<00:13:09.730> isn't<00:13:10.060> true<00:13:10.750> it

in the social scale this isn't true it

in the social scale this isn't true it
so<00:13:11.950> happens<00:13:12.400> that<00:13:12.520> a<00:13:12.910> large<00:13:13.120> number<00:13:13.360> of<00:13:13.480> the

so happens that a large number of the

so happens that a large number of the
most<00:13:13.840> powerful<00:13:14.200> dynasties<00:13:15.180> originated<00:13:16.180> in

most powerful dynasties originated in

most powerful dynasties originated in
the<00:13:16.360> south<00:13:16.540> of<00:13:16.660> the<00:13:16.720> country<00:13:16.900> and<00:13:17.410> therefore

the south of the country and therefore

the south of the country and therefore
were<00:13:18.130> black<00:13:18.370> the<00:13:18.670> first<00:13:19.360> dynasty<00:13:19.690> as<00:13:19.870> I

were black the first dynasty as I

were black the first dynasty as I
mentioned<00:13:20.350> the<00:13:20.470> eleventh<00:13:21.160> dynasty<00:13:21.310> which

mentioned the eleventh dynasty which

mentioned the eleventh dynasty which
founded<00:13:21.910> the<00:13:22.000> Middle<00:13:22.210> Kingdom<00:13:22.360> and<00:13:22.750> 12th

founded the Middle Kingdom and 12th

founded the Middle Kingdom and 12th
dynasty<00:13:23.110> which<00:13:23.440> was<00:13:23.560> probably<00:13:23.740> the<00:13:23.920> greatest

dynasty which was probably the greatest

dynasty which was probably the greatest
ministry<00:13:24.580> in<00:13:24.640> Egyptian<00:13:24.940> history<00:13:24.970> and<00:13:25.510> the

ministry in Egyptian history and the

ministry in Egyptian history and the
18th<00:13:26.110> dynasty<00:13:26.290> to<00:13:26.680> which<00:13:26.800> Queen<00:13:27.610> ty<00:13:28.410> belongs

18th dynasty to which Queen ty belongs

18th dynasty to which Queen ty belongs
and<00:13:29.830> she<00:13:30.220> was<00:13:30.340> a<00:13:30.370> powerful<00:13:30.760> she<00:13:31.390> was<00:13:31.480> a

and she was a powerful she was a

and she was a powerful she was a
powerful<00:13:31.840> lady<00:13:32.110> in<00:13:32.440> her<00:13:32.710> own<00:13:32.890> right<00:13:33.690> in<00:13:34.690> an

powerful lady in her own right in an

powerful lady in her own right in an
earlier<00:13:35.140> program<00:13:35.440> you<00:13:35.770> mentioned<00:13:35.920> that<00:13:36.340> at

earlier program you mentioned that at

earlier program you mentioned that at
some<00:13:36.820> point<00:13:36.850> the<00:13:37.270> Greeks<00:13:37.510> were<00:13:37.690> paying

some point the Greeks were paying

some point the Greeks were paying
tribute<00:13:38.320> to<00:13:38.560> her<00:13:38.710> I<00:13:38.740> think<00:13:38.950> you<00:13:39.250> said<00:13:39.460> they

tribute to her I think you said they

tribute to her I think you said they
were<00:13:40.240> certainly<00:13:40.690> paying<00:13:40.900> tribute<00:13:41.350> or<00:13:41.560> people

were certainly paying tribute or people

were certainly paying tribute or people
from<00:13:41.860> the<00:13:41.980> Aegean<00:13:42.250> were<00:13:42.430> certainly<00:13:42.730> paying

from the Aegean were certainly paying

from the Aegean were certainly paying
tribute<00:13:43.270> to<00:13:43.770> her<00:13:44.770> husband<00:13:45.190> and<00:13:46.140> we've<00:13:47.140> now

tribute to her husband and we've now

tribute to her husband and we've now
seen<00:13:47.620> that<00:13:47.830> her<00:13:47.950> daughter-in-law<00:13:48.370> Queen

seen that her daughter-in-law Queen

seen that her daughter-in-law Queen
Nefertiti<00:13:48.880> was<00:13:49.750> sending<00:13:50.560> envoi<00:13:50.890> so<00:13:51.070> seems<00:13:51.280> to

Nefertiti was sending envoi so seems to

Nefertiti was sending envoi so seems to
been<00:13:51.520> sending<00:13:51.820> invoice<00:13:52.060> to<00:13:52.420> the<00:13:52.600> Aegean<00:13:53.020> or

been sending invoice to the Aegean or

been sending invoice to the Aegean or
people<00:13:54.340> with<00:13:54.460> high<00:13:54.730> authority<00:13:55.240> so<00:13:55.420> there's<00:13:55.570> no

people with high authority so there's no

people with high authority so there's no
question<00:13:56.260> that<00:13:56.290> Greece<00:13:57.130> was<00:13:57.610> in<00:13:57.640> relations

question that Greece was in relations

question that Greece was in relations
with<00:13:58.330> Egypt<00:13:58.690> and<00:13:58.810> those<00:13:59.050> relations<00:13:59.560> were<00:14:00.000> all

with Egypt and those relations were all

with Egypt and those relations were all
the<00:14:01.240> subordinate<00:14:01.540> to<00:14:01.810> a<00:14:01.930> superior

the subordinate to a superior

the subordinate to a superior
sovereignty<00:14:03.580> of<00:14:03.670> insanity<00:14:04.150> okay<00:14:04.570> well<00:14:05.290> let's

sovereignty of insanity okay well let's

sovereignty of insanity okay well let's
look<00:14:05.500> at<00:14:05.680> another

look at another

look at another
well<00:14:07.630> here<00:14:07.840> is<00:14:07.960> Akhenaten<00:14:08.710> himself

well here is Akhenaten himself

well here is Akhenaten himself
the<00:14:11.110> famous<00:14:11.320> heretic<00:14:11.980> King<00:14:12.480> supposedly

the famous heretic King supposedly

the famous heretic King supposedly
founder<00:14:13.960> of<00:14:14.020> monotheism<00:14:14.340> are<00:14:15.340> very<00:14:15.580> important

founder of monotheism are very important

founder of monotheism are very important
and<00:14:16.180> interesting<00:14:16.300> figure<00:14:16.900> we<00:14:17.050> know<00:14:17.170> quite<00:14:17.320> a

and interesting figure we know quite a

and interesting figure we know quite a
lot<00:14:17.500> about<00:14:17.650> him<00:14:18.310> and<00:14:18.510> we<00:14:19.510> can<00:14:19.660> tell<00:14:19.840> his<00:14:20.020> face

lot about him and we can tell his face

lot about him and we can tell his face
because<00:14:20.740> it<00:14:21.250> was<00:14:21.280> a<00:14:21.910> period<00:14:22.300> of<00:14:22.510> realistic

because it was a period of realistic

because it was a period of realistic
representation<00:14:23.770> it<00:14:23.920> wasn't<00:14:24.190> a<00:14:24.250> period<00:14:24.520> in

representation it wasn't a period in

representation it wasn't a period in
which<00:14:24.840> people<00:14:25.840> were<00:14:27.330> represented<00:14:28.330> but<00:14:28.630> you

which people were represented but you

which people were represented but you
you've<00:14:29.260> had<00:14:29.500> European<00:14:30.070> scholars<00:14:30.280> to<00:14:30.580> see<00:14:30.730> all

you've had European scholars to see all

you've had European scholars to see all
kinds<00:14:31.270> of<00:14:31.330> things<00:14:31.390> about<00:14:31.870> the<00:14:32.110> physiognomies

kinds of things about the physiognomies

kinds of things about the physiognomies
there's<00:14:34.870> something<00:14:36.540> physical<00:14:37.540> prior<00:14:37.900> I'd

there's something physical prior I'd

there's something physical prior I'd
ended<00:14:38.440> to<00:14:39.130> back<00:14:39.339> some<00:14:39.610> they<00:14:39.730> do<00:14:39.790> have<00:14:40.120> there<00:14:40.450> is

ended to back some they do have there is

ended to back some they do have there is
a<00:14:40.570> problem<00:14:40.839> of<00:14:40.990> his<00:14:41.080> body<00:14:41.290> which<00:14:41.530> does<00:14:41.560> look<00:14:41.920> a

a problem of his body which does look a

a problem of his body which does look a
bit<00:14:42.040> strange<00:14:42.339> but<00:14:42.550> his<00:14:42.640> face<00:14:42.850> reminds<00:14:43.240> me<00:14:43.390> of<00:14:43.480> a

bit strange but his face reminds me of a

bit strange but his face reminds me of a
number<00:14:43.810> of<00:14:43.900> friends<00:14:44.260> yeah<00:14:44.620> I<00:14:45.130> have<00:14:48.000> names<00:14:49.000> this

number of friends yeah I have names this

number of friends yeah I have names this
is<00:14:49.450> a<00:14:49.480> twelfth<00:14:49.960> dynasty<00:14:50.050> pharaoh<00:14:51.300> then<00:14:52.300> we

is a twelfth dynasty pharaoh then we

is a twelfth dynasty pharaoh then we
have<00:14:52.660> the<00:14:52.810> famous<00:14:53.490> cynnwys<00:14:54.490> right

have the famous cynnwys right

have the famous cynnwys right
the<00:14:55.060> first<00:14:55.360> known<00:14:56.260> to<00:14:56.410> the<00:14:56.500> Greeks<00:14:56.620> as

the first known to the Greeks as

the first known to the Greeks as
sasori's

sasori's

sasori's
who<00:14:59.680> was<00:14:59.980> a<00:15:00.009> very<00:15:00.699> major<00:15:01.029> conquer<00:15:02.019> act<00:15:02.170> landing

who was a very major conquer act landing

who was a very major conquer act landing
some<00:15:02.740> work<00:15:02.860> on<00:15:02.980> him<00:15:03.189> at<00:15:03.610> present<00:15:04.060> and<00:15:04.500> I'm<00:15:05.500> now

some work on him at present and I'm now

some work on him at present and I'm now
convinced<00:15:06.430> that<00:15:06.519> his<00:15:07.120> armies<00:15:07.509> reached<00:15:07.540> Turkey

convinced that his armies reached Turkey

convinced that his armies reached Turkey
and<00:15:08.649> probably<00:15:08.949> Bulgaria<00:15:09.459> and<00:15:09.639> perhaps<00:15:10.389> beyond

and probably Bulgaria and perhaps beyond

and probably Bulgaria and perhaps beyond
the<00:15:11.560> significance<00:15:12.189> of<00:15:12.310> this<00:15:12.459> being<00:15:12.730> what<00:15:13.000> Oh

the significance of this being what Oh

the significance of this being what Oh
in<00:15:14.829> a<00:15:15.129> large<00:15:15.430> number<00:15:15.699> of<00:15:16.029> ways<00:15:16.329> first<00:15:16.720> of<00:15:16.870> all

in a large number of ways first of all

in a large number of ways first of all
Herodotus<00:15:18.430> and<00:15:18.519> the<00:15:18.579> Greeks<00:15:18.790> say<00:15:19.060> this<00:15:19.420> about

Herodotus and the Greeks say this about

Herodotus and the Greeks say this about
this<00:15:19.899> oestrus<00:15:20.350> and<00:15:20.560> in<00:15:20.889> fact<00:15:21.180> the<00:15:22.180> 19th

this oestrus and in fact the 19th

this oestrus and in fact the 19th
century<00:15:22.839> scholar<00:15:23.079> says<00:15:23.259> it<00:15:23.350> is<00:15:23.439> totally

century scholar says it is totally

century scholar says it is totally
absurd<00:15:24.279> for<00:15:24.939> an<00:15:25.029> Egyptian<00:15:25.180> pharaoh<00:15:25.420> to<00:15:25.779> have

absurd for an Egyptian pharaoh to have

absurd for an Egyptian pharaoh to have
conquered<00:15:26.230> that<00:15:26.350> far<00:15:26.649> and<00:15:26.889> the<00:15:27.430> Egyptians

conquered that far and the Egyptians

conquered that far and the Egyptians
must<00:15:28.089> be<00:15:28.329> vainglorious<00:15:29.259> or<00:15:29.470> must<00:15:29.740> be<00:15:29.829> boasting

must be vainglorious or must be boasting

must be vainglorious or must be boasting
or<00:15:30.779> imaginative<00:15:31.779> and<00:15:32.019> confused<00:15:32.439> when<00:15:32.980> it

or imaginative and confused when it

or imaginative and confused when it
described<00:15:33.519> these<00:15:34.139> conquests<00:15:36.420> so<00:15:37.420> that<00:15:37.980> it's

described these conquests so that it's

described these conquests so that it's
very<00:15:39.189> important<00:15:39.670> as<00:15:39.879> a<00:15:39.939> backup<00:15:40.509> for<00:15:41.050> what<00:15:41.199> the

very important as a backup for what the

very important as a backup for what the
Greeks<00:15:41.529> said<00:15:41.829> and<00:15:42.129> you<00:15:42.279> could<00:15:42.459> I<00:15:42.819> mean<00:15:42.850> if<00:15:43.209> the

Greeks said and you could I mean if the

Greeks said and you could I mean if the
most<00:15:43.569> absurd<00:15:43.870> thing<00:15:44.079> they<00:15:44.170> said<00:15:44.410> seems<00:15:45.370> to

most absurd thing they said seems to

most absurd thing they said seems to
have<00:15:45.610> some<00:15:45.790> historical<00:15:46.029> backing<00:15:46.660> then<00:15:47.079> you

have some historical backing then you

have some historical backing then you
should<00:15:47.350> believe<00:15:47.470> a<00:15:47.589> lot<00:15:47.769> else<00:15:47.949> of<00:15:48.160> what<00:15:48.279> they

should believe a lot else of what they

should believe a lot else of what they
say<00:15:48.639> okay<00:15:48.939> it's<00:15:49.660> also<00:15:49.839> interesting<00:15:50.560> how<00:15:50.769> 19th

say okay it's also interesting how 19th

say okay it's also interesting how 19th
century<00:15:51.970> scholars<00:15:52.269> found<00:15:52.689> it<00:15:52.810> very<00:15:52.930> difficult

century scholars found it very difficult

century scholars found it very difficult
to<00:15:53.620> believe<00:15:53.769> that<00:15:54.370> an<00:15:55.060> African<00:15:55.839> King<00:15:56.379> could

to believe that an African King could

to believe that an African King could
conquer<00:15:57.189> large<00:15:57.819> areas<00:15:58.209> of<00:15:58.240> a<00:15:58.389> Near<00:15:58.600> East<00:15:58.779> that

conquer large areas of a Near East that

conquer large areas of a Near East that
they're<00:15:59.860> perfectly<00:16:00.189> happy<00:16:00.310> to<00:16:00.519> have<00:16:00.610> Persians

they're perfectly happy to have Persians

they're perfectly happy to have Persians
or<00:16:01.389> Greeks<00:16:01.720> do<00:16:01.959> it<00:16:02.079> but<00:16:02.819> for<00:16:03.819> an<00:16:03.910> African<00:16:04.300> to<00:16:04.389> do

or Greeks do it but for an African to do

or Greeks do it but for an African to do
it<00:16:04.600> is<00:16:04.839> somehow<00:16:05.350> do<00:16:05.589> you<00:16:05.829> think<00:16:06.069> is<00:16:06.250> at<00:16:06.430> the

it is somehow do you think is at the

it is somehow do you think is at the
base<00:16:06.939> of<00:16:06.970> that<00:16:07.420> is<00:16:07.569> at<00:16:07.720> the<00:16:07.809> bottom<00:16:08.139> of<00:16:08.230> that

base of that is at the bottom of that

base of that is at the bottom of that
the<00:16:08.559> reason<00:16:08.769> that<00:16:09.689> the<00:16:10.689> idea<00:16:11.139> that<00:16:11.319> an<00:16:11.470> African

the reason that the idea that an African

the reason that the idea that an African
well<00:16:13.259> Africans<00:16:14.259> are<00:16:14.470> in<00:16:14.620> fear<00:16:14.829> in<00:16:14.920> so<00:16:15.100> many

well Africans are in fear in so many

well Africans are in fear in so many
ways<00:16:15.430> in<00:16:15.759> the<00:16:15.910> white<00:16:16.059> vision<00:16:16.300> that<00:16:16.689> it<00:16:16.839> is<00:16:17.019> that

ways in the white vision that it is that

ways in the white vision that it is that
but<00:16:17.290> the<00:16:17.470> two<00:16:17.620> key<00:16:17.889> ways<00:16:18.069> are<00:16:18.459> they're

but the two key ways are they're

but the two key ways are they're
incapable<00:16:19.360> of<00:16:19.779> thought<00:16:20.529> and<00:16:20.920> philosophy<00:16:21.459> and

incapable of thought and philosophy and

incapable of thought and philosophy and
the<00:16:22.629> other<00:16:22.779> way<00:16:22.959> is<00:16:23.019> that<00:16:23.170> they're<00:16:23.319> incapable

the other way is that they're incapable

the other way is that they're incapable
of<00:16:24.389> strong<00:16:25.389> action<00:16:25.959> they're<00:16:26.110> not<00:16:26.259> manly<00:16:26.889> in

of strong action they're not manly in

of strong action they're not manly in
that<00:16:27.279> way<00:16:27.490> and<00:16:27.699> therefore<00:16:27.910> the<00:16:28.149> image<00:16:28.449> of<00:16:28.569> an

that way and therefore the image of an

that way and therefore the image of an
African<00:16:29.019> in<00:16:29.139> the<00:16:29.199> 19th<00:16:29.529> and<00:16:29.680> early<00:16:29.709> 20th

African in the 19th and early 20th

African in the 19th and early 20th
century<00:16:30.430> was<00:16:30.550> somebody<00:16:30.879> who<00:16:31.029> was<00:16:31.149> essentially

century was somebody who was essentially

century was somebody who was essentially
passive<00:16:31.779> both<00:16:32.769> mentally<00:16:33.189> and<00:16:33.220> physically<00:16:33.639> and

passive both mentally and physically and

passive both mentally and physically and
therefore<00:16:34.089> the<00:16:34.149> idea<00:16:34.449> I<00:16:34.660> mean<00:16:35.050> they<00:16:35.170> had<00:16:35.290> short

therefore the idea I mean they had short

therefore the idea I mean they had short
spells<00:16:35.860> of<00:16:36.209> savagery<00:16:37.209> but<00:16:37.899> sustained

spells of savagery but sustained

spells of savagery but sustained
organised<00:16:39.550> conquests<00:16:40.480> were<00:16:41.110> believed<00:16:42.069> to<00:16:42.309> be

organised conquests were believed to be

organised conquests were believed to be
beyond<00:16:42.730> the<00:16:42.879> capacity<00:16:43.480> of<00:16:43.769> Africans<00:16:44.769> it<00:16:44.980> were

beyond the capacity of Africans it were

beyond the capacity of Africans it were
and<00:16:45.879> certainly<00:16:46.149> when<00:16:46.269> it<00:16:46.300> came<00:16:46.509> maybe<00:16:46.959> they

and certainly when it came maybe they

and certainly when it came maybe they
could<00:16:47.199> conquer<00:16:47.379> each<00:16:47.559> other<00:16:47.709> but<00:16:48.430> they

could conquer each other but they

could conquer each other but they
couldn't<00:16:48.819> conquer<00:16:49.199> non-african<00:16:50.199> populations

couldn't conquer non-african populations

couldn't conquer non-african populations
that<00:16:51.129> they<00:16:51.250> were<00:16:51.339> brought<00:16:51.550> at<00:16:52.180> the<00:16:52.300> bottom<00:16:52.689> of

that they were brought at the bottom of

that they were brought at the bottom of
the<00:16:52.870> hierarchy<00:16:52.959> of<00:16:53.319> human<00:16:53.699> populations<00:16:54.699> okay

the hierarchy of human populations okay

the hierarchy of human populations okay
any<00:16:55.240> other<00:16:55.389> yes<00:16:56.279> more<00:16:58.019> here's<00:16:59.019> his

any other yes more here's his

any other yes more here's his
descendants<00:17:00.970> in<00:17:01.120> was<00:17:01.269> at<00:17:01.389> the<00:17:01.509> third<00:17:01.809> in<00:17:02.439> the

descendants in was at the third in the

descendants in was at the third in the
same<00:17:02.800> 12th<00:17:03.100> dynasty<00:17:03.750> is<00:17:04.750> just<00:17:05.350> another

same 12th dynasty is just another

same 12th dynasty is just another
Egyptian<00:17:06.429> type<00:17:06.730> and<00:17:07.030> you<00:17:07.569> see<00:17:07.750> this<00:17:07.839> and<00:17:07.959> mixed

Egyptian type and you see this and mixed

Egyptian type and you see this and mixed
things<00:17:08.470> with<00:17:08.679> definite<00:17:09.270> black

things with definite black

things with definite black
well<00:17:11.400> west<00:17:11.789> african<00:17:12.209> black<00:17:12.799> characteristics

well west african black characteristics

well west african black characteristics
here<00:17:14.610> is<00:17:15.030> a<00:17:15.059> very<00:17:15.299> interesting<00:17:15.569> kingman<00:17:16.079> -<00:17:16.199> hot

here is a very interesting kingman - hot

here is a very interesting kingman - hot
tip<00:17:17.390> one<00:17:18.390> of<00:17:18.480> the<00:17:18.679> main<00:17:19.679> ferrars<00:17:20.039> of<00:17:20.160> the

tip one of the main ferrars of the

tip one of the main ferrars of the
eleventh<00:17:20.669> dynasty<00:17:20.819> before<00:17:21.390> sorceress<00:17:21.990> and

eleventh dynasty before sorceress and

eleventh dynasty before sorceress and
they<00:17:22.980> seemed<00:17:23.819> to<00:17:23.910> me<00:17:24.089> to<00:17:24.120> establish<00:17:24.660> very

they seemed to me to establish very

they seemed to me to establish very
close<00:17:25.079> relations<00:17:25.530> with<00:17:25.620> crete<00:17:26.069> and<00:17:26.339> with

close relations with crete and with

close relations with crete and with
cyprus<00:17:27.209> and<00:17:27.620> to<00:17:28.620> be<00:17:29.070> represented<00:17:29.580> in<00:17:29.669> greek

cyprus and to be represented in greek

cyprus and to be represented in greek
mythology<00:17:30.120> by<00:17:30.690> the<00:17:30.750> king<00:17:31.580> Rhadamanthus<00:17:32.580> who

mythology by the king Rhadamanthus who

mythology by the king Rhadamanthus who
were<00:17:33.179> supposed<00:17:33.450> to<00:17:33.510> brought<00:17:33.750> law<00:17:33.960> and<00:17:34.140> order

were supposed to brought law and order

were supposed to brought law and order
to<00:17:34.679> a<00:17:34.919> number<00:17:35.340> of<00:17:35.370> the<00:17:35.490> greek<00:17:35.640> islands<00:17:36.120> so<00:17:36.630> you

to a number of the greek islands so you

to a number of the greek islands so you
have<00:17:37.190> meant<00:17:38.190> a<00:17:38.250> hot<00:17:38.429> tip<00:17:38.640> as<00:17:38.910> a<00:17:39.210> very<00:17:39.450> important

have meant a hot tip as a very important

have meant a hot tip as a very important
thing<00:17:39.990> and<00:17:40.020> he<00:17:40.230> came<00:17:40.440> from<00:17:40.500> the<00:17:40.740> south<00:17:40.890> of

thing and he came from the south of

thing and he came from the south of
egypt<00:17:41.429> and<00:17:41.610> there's<00:17:42.390> no<00:17:42.510> reason<00:17:42.750> to<00:17:42.840> doubt<00:17:42.960> to

egypt and there's no reason to doubt to

egypt and there's no reason to doubt to
this<00:17:44.840> okay<00:17:45.840> i<00:17:45.870> think<00:17:46.080> that's<00:17:46.380> plenty<00:17:46.710> that's

this okay i think that's plenty that's

this okay i think that's plenty that's
it<00:17:47.250> now<00:17:47.640> mm-hmm

it now mm-hmm

it now mm-hmm
what<00:17:49.080> worked<00:17:49.440> once<00:17:49.740> again<00:17:50.600> some<00:17:51.600> of<00:17:51.720> the

what worked once again some of the

what worked once again some of the
achievements<00:17:51.929> of<00:17:53.059> these<00:17:54.559> african<00:17:55.559> Egyptians

achievements of these african Egyptians

achievements of these african Egyptians
well<00:17:58.260> it's<00:17:58.770> difficult<00:17:59.250> to<00:17:59.909> know<00:17:59.940> the<00:18:00.150> extent

well it's difficult to know the extent

well it's difficult to know the extent
if<00:18:00.690> you<00:18:01.010> accept<00:18:02.010> what<00:18:02.159> the<00:18:02.250> Greeks<00:18:02.460> er<00:18:02.669> button

if you accept what the Greeks er button

if you accept what the Greeks er button
they<00:18:04.230> were<00:18:04.289> the<00:18:05.250> founders<00:18:05.669> of<00:18:05.700> philosophy<00:18:06.390> the

they were the founders of philosophy the

they were the founders of philosophy the
earliest<00:18:07.590> Greek<00:18:07.679> references<00:18:08.250> to<00:18:08.520> philosophy

earliest Greek references to philosophy

earliest Greek references to philosophy
are<00:18:10.409> two<00:18:11.010> Egyptian<00:18:11.640> philosophy<00:18:12.360> now<00:18:12.720> of

are two Egyptian philosophy now of

are two Egyptian philosophy now of
course<00:18:12.870> philosophy<00:18:13.320> is<00:18:13.590> very<00:18:13.770> slippery

course philosophy is very slippery

course philosophy is very slippery
concept<00:18:14.400> you're<00:18:14.730> not<00:18:14.880> quite<00:18:15.030> sure<00:18:15.059> what<00:18:15.299> you

concept you're not quite sure what you

concept you're not quite sure what you
mean<00:18:15.539> and<00:18:15.720> what<00:18:15.809> you<00:18:15.900> don't<00:18:16.020> mean<00:18:16.289> by<00:18:16.860> it<00:18:16.919> but

mean and what you don't mean by it but

mean and what you don't mean by it but
certainly<00:18:18.750> the<00:18:19.169> Greek<00:18:19.679> writers<00:18:20.159> and<00:18:20.400> I<00:18:20.580> see<00:18:20.789> no

certainly the Greek writers and I see no

certainly the Greek writers and I see no
reason<00:18:21.150> why<00:18:21.179> they<00:18:21.390> should<00:18:21.510> have<00:18:21.600> boosted<00:18:21.990> the

reason why they should have boosted the

reason why they should have boosted the
Egyptians<00:18:23.630> accepted<00:18:24.630> that<00:18:24.780> they<00:18:24.960> were<00:18:24.990> the

Egyptians accepted that they were the

Egyptians accepted that they were the
first<00:18:25.380> philosophers<00:18:25.830> they're<00:18:25.950> also

first philosophers they're also

first philosophers they're also
considered<00:18:27.330> as<00:18:27.480> extraordinary<00:18:28.020> astronomers

considered as extraordinary astronomers

considered as extraordinary astronomers
and<00:18:29.210> the<00:18:30.210> first<00:18:30.630> Greek<00:18:31.049> to<00:18:31.620> forecast<00:18:32.280> a<00:18:32.400> solar

and the first Greek to forecast a solar

and the first Greek to forecast a solar
eclipse

eclipse

eclipse
Haley's<00:18:33.929> had<00:18:34.710> travelled<00:18:35.700> to<00:18:36.179> Egypt<00:18:37.070> and<00:18:38.070> there

Haley's had travelled to Egypt and there

Haley's had travelled to Egypt and there
seems<00:18:38.429> no<00:18:38.580> reason<00:18:38.610> to<00:18:38.940> doubt<00:18:39.120> that<00:18:39.480> he<00:18:39.690> had

seems no reason to doubt that he had

seems no reason to doubt that he had
taken<00:18:39.960> Egyptian<00:18:40.679> observations<00:18:41.220> it<00:18:41.370> takes

taken Egyptian observations it takes

taken Egyptian observations it takes
about<00:18:41.789> four<00:18:42.179> hundred<00:18:42.299> years<00:18:42.630> of<00:18:42.690> observations

about four hundred years of observations

about four hundred years of observations
to<00:18:43.500> predict<00:18:43.770> a<00:18:43.830> solar<00:18:44.010> eclipse<00:18:44.159> and<00:18:44.909> you<00:18:45.179> don't

to predict a solar eclipse and you don't

to predict a solar eclipse and you don't
just<00:18:45.510> do<00:18:45.630> it<00:18:45.720> off<00:18:45.840> the<00:18:45.870> top<00:18:45.990> of<00:18:46.110> your<00:18:46.230> head<00:18:46.440> even

just do it off the top of your head even

just do it off the top of your head even
if<00:18:46.770> it<00:18:46.860> is<00:18:46.950> a<00:18:46.980> brilliant<00:18:47.159> European<00:18:47.669> head<00:18:47.850> you

if it is a brilliant European head you

if it is a brilliant European head you
can't<00:18:48.179> do<00:18:48.659> that

can't do that

can't do that
so<00:18:50.309> that<00:18:50.960> you<00:18:51.960> have<00:18:52.669> clear<00:18:53.669> he<00:18:53.789> was<00:18:53.909> using<00:18:54.179> data

so that you have clear he was using data

so that you have clear he was using data
of<00:18:55.650> a<00:18:55.740> very<00:18:55.890> sophisticated<00:18:56.039> kind<00:18:56.549> which<00:18:56.700> must

of a very sophisticated kind which must

of a very sophisticated kind which must
have<00:18:57.120> come<00:18:57.299> from<00:18:57.830> Egypt<00:18:58.830> okay<00:18:59.669> now<00:18:59.820> didn't<00:19:00.090> go

have come from Egypt okay now didn't go

have come from Egypt okay now didn't go
to<00:19:00.240> Mesopotamia<00:19:00.770> let's<00:19:01.770> try<00:19:01.890> to<00:19:01.950> get<00:19:02.130> to<00:19:02.220> the

to Mesopotamia let's try to get to the

to Mesopotamia let's try to get to the
root<00:19:02.460> of<00:19:02.580> this<00:19:02.700> mm-hm

root of this mm-hm

root of this mm-hm
outline<00:19:03.780> for<00:19:04.080> us<00:19:04.110> if<00:19:04.320> you<00:19:04.440> will<00:19:04.679> why<00:19:05.159> how<00:19:05.970> and

outline for us if you will why how and

outline for us if you will why how and
under<00:19:06.570> what<00:19:06.690> circumstances<00:19:07.250> did<00:19:08.250> the<00:19:08.490> Greeks

under what circumstances did the Greeks

under what circumstances did the Greeks
get<00:19:09.750> this<00:19:10.020> new<00:19:10.620> image<00:19:10.860> as<00:19:11.250> the<00:19:12.150> creators<00:19:12.690> of

get this new image as the creators of

get this new image as the creators of
science<00:19:14.039> philosophy<00:19:14.929> etc<00:19:16.010> well<00:19:17.010> it's<00:19:17.190> it's<00:19:17.490> a

science philosophy etc well it's it's a

science philosophy etc well it's it's a
complicated<00:19:18.179> story<00:19:18.330> and<00:19:18.600> it's<00:19:18.750> taken<00:19:19.049> a<00:19:19.080> lot

complicated story and it's taken a lot

complicated story and it's taken a lot
of<00:19:19.290> pages<00:19:19.500> to<00:19:20.340> tell<00:19:20.610> in<00:19:21.000> my<00:19:21.059> book<00:19:21.480> that<00:19:22.700> the

of pages to tell in my book that the

of pages to tell in my book that the
chief

chief

chief
I<00:19:24.660> mean<00:19:24.810> chief<00:19:25.110> component<00:19:25.440> is<00:19:25.970> that<00:19:26.970> the

I mean chief component is that the

I mean chief component is that the
Greeks<00:19:28.080> by<00:19:28.470> the<00:19:28.530> middle<00:19:29.130> of<00:19:29.220> the<00:19:29.870> 1700s<00:19:30.870> the

Greeks by the middle of the 1700s the

Greeks by the middle of the 1700s the
18th<00:19:31.890> century<00:19:32.310> were<00:19:33.380> being<00:19:34.380> thought<00:19:34.680> of<00:19:34.980> as

18th century were being thought of as

18th century were being thought of as
the<00:19:35.870> childhood<00:19:36.870> of<00:19:37.080> Europe<00:19:37.500> as<00:19:37.740> a<00:19:37.800> whole

the childhood of Europe as a whole

the childhood of Europe as a whole
Europe<00:19:38.610> as<00:19:38.760> a<00:19:38.820> continent<00:19:39.480> and<00:19:39.750> this<00:19:40.650> was<00:19:40.800> a

Europe as a continent and this was a

Europe as a continent and this was a
period<00:19:41.160> in<00:19:41.220> which<00:19:41.250> racism<00:19:41.820> was<00:19:42.090> growing

period in which racism was growing

period in which racism was growing
enormously<00:19:42.810> and<00:19:43.380> childhood<00:19:44.310> was<00:19:45.030> meant<00:19:45.210> to

enormously and childhood was meant to

enormously and childhood was meant to
represent<00:19:45.390> the<00:19:45.810> future<00:19:46.320> of<00:19:46.680> the<00:19:47.220> child<00:19:47.430> and

represent the future of the child and

represent the future of the child and
therefore<00:19:48.150> your<00:19:48.270> later<00:19:48.570> European

therefore your later European

therefore your later European
civilization<00:19:49.560> and<00:19:50.010> it<00:19:50.340> was<00:19:50.430> also<00:19:50.760> a<00:19:50.790> great

civilization and it was also a great

civilization and it was also a great
period<00:19:51.330> in<00:19:51.510> belief<00:19:51.750> of<00:19:51.900> ethnicity<00:19:52.470> and<00:19:52.650> purity

period in belief of ethnicity and purity

period in belief of ethnicity and purity
and<00:19:53.570> therefore<00:19:54.570> Greece<00:19:54.870> had<00:19:55.320> to<00:19:55.410> be<00:19:55.530> a<00:19:55.560> pure

and therefore Greece had to be a pure

and therefore Greece had to be a pure
white<00:19:56.730> country<00:19:57.660> and<00:19:57.900> therefore<00:19:58.680> there<00:19:59.100> was

white country and therefore there was

white country and therefore there was
considerable<00:19:59.760> distaste<00:20:00.330> for<00:20:01.170> this<00:20:01.620> notion<00:20:01.860> of

considerable distaste for this notion of

considerable distaste for this notion of
Egyptian<00:20:02.700> conquest<00:20:03.180> or<00:20:03.360> Semitic<00:20:03.750> conquest

Egyptian conquest or Semitic conquest

Egyptian conquest or Semitic conquest
and<00:20:05.490> later<00:20:06.060> impact<00:20:06.570> that<00:20:06.870> Greece<00:20:07.110> had<00:20:07.650> to<00:20:08.010> be

and later impact that Greece had to be

and later impact that Greece had to be
pure<00:20:09.510> I<00:20:09.600> took<00:20:09.660> some<00:20:10.050> 70<00:20:10.590> years<00:20:10.620> to<00:20:11.360> free

pure I took some 70 years to free

pure I took some 70 years to free
themselves<00:20:12.600> of<00:20:13.170> the<00:20:13.500> classical<00:20:13.950> authority

themselves of the classical authority

themselves of the classical authority
that<00:20:14.460> said<00:20:14.640> otherwise<00:20:14.880> I<00:20:15.360> mean<00:20:15.840> it<00:20:16.020> was<00:20:16.110> very

that said otherwise I mean it was very

that said otherwise I mean it was very
difficult<00:20:16.470> because<00:20:16.770> there<00:20:16.980> was<00:20:17.070> so<00:20:17.280> many

difficult because there was so many

difficult because there was so many
classical<00:20:18.000> sources<00:20:18.360> and<00:20:18.480> said<00:20:18.570> look<00:20:18.750> the

classical sources and said look the

classical sources and said look the
Egyptians<00:20:19.290> were<00:20:19.410> here<00:20:19.530> and<00:20:19.710> this<00:20:19.800> is<00:20:19.920> this

Egyptians were here and this is this

Egyptians were here and this is this
explains<00:20:20.430> that<00:20:20.610> and<00:20:20.850> that<00:20:20.940> explains<00:20:21.180> this

explains that and that explains this

explains that and that explains this
that<00:20:22.080> it<00:20:22.200> made<00:20:22.380> such<00:20:22.620> sense<00:20:22.920> but<00:20:23.430> the<00:20:23.580> ant<00:20:23.700> you

that it made such sense but the ant you

that it made such sense but the ant you
can<00:20:24.030> feel<00:20:24.360> the<00:20:24.990> scholars<00:20:25.410> and<00:20:25.560> popular

can feel the scholars and popular

can feel the scholars and popular
writers<00:20:26.310> in<00:20:26.460> northern<00:20:26.760> Europe<00:20:27.090> in<00:20:27.540> the<00:20:27.840> late

writers in northern Europe in the late

writers in northern Europe in the late
18th<00:20:28.800> century<00:20:28.910> really<00:20:29.910> under<00:20:30.840> the<00:20:30.930> strain<00:20:31.350> of

18th century really under the strain of

18th century really under the strain of
this<00:20:31.800> image<00:20:32.130> of<00:20:32.310> Greece<00:20:32.670> receiving<00:20:33.180> its

this image of Greece receiving its

this image of Greece receiving its
civilization<00:20:33.570> from<00:20:33.990> people<00:20:34.530> who<00:20:34.650> they<00:20:34.800> now

civilization from people who they now

civilization from people who they now
knew<00:20:35.520> to<00:20:36.030> be<00:20:36.180> racially<00:20:36.510> inferior<00:20:37.550> so<00:20:38.550> you<00:20:38.610> have

knew to be racially inferior so you have

knew to be racially inferior so you have
this<00:20:39.000> pressure<00:20:39.270> and<00:20:39.510> in<00:20:39.750> the<00:20:39.870> 1820s<00:20:40.170> you<00:20:41.070> get<00:20:41.310> a

this pressure and in the 1820s you get a

this pressure and in the 1820s you get a
systematic<00:20:42.630> attempt<00:20:42.900> by<00:20:43.050> the<00:20:43.110> new<00:20:43.260> German

systematic attempt by the new German

systematic attempt by the new German
scholarship<00:20:44.010> just<00:20:44.640> to<00:20:44.820> disregard<00:20:45.810> the<00:20:46.500> Greeks

scholarship just to disregard the Greeks

scholarship just to disregard the Greeks
as<00:20:46.890> historians<00:20:47.400> and<00:20:47.670> to<00:20:48.300> say<00:20:48.650> it's<00:20:49.650> not<00:20:49.800> true

as historians and to say it's not true

as historians and to say it's not true
we<00:20:50.550> can<00:20:50.730> believe<00:20:50.940> ourselves<00:20:51.170> that<00:20:52.170> the<00:20:52.320> Greeks

we can believe ourselves that the Greeks

we can believe ourselves that the Greeks
were<00:20:52.620> pure<00:20:53.160> Europeans<00:20:53.970> and<00:20:55.670> that<00:20:56.870> and<00:20:57.870> this

were pure Europeans and that and this

were pure Europeans and that and this
they<00:20:58.590> had<00:20:58.980> a<00:20:59.010> great<00:20:59.220> help<00:20:59.940> from<00:21:00.390> linguistics

they had a great help from linguistics

they had a great help from linguistics
which<00:21:01.500> was<00:21:02.070> showing<00:21:02.460> in<00:21:02.610> the<00:21:02.700> 1820s<00:21:02.940> 1830s<00:21:03.300> the

which was showing in the 1820s 1830s the

which was showing in the 1820s 1830s the
Greek<00:21:04.440> is<00:21:04.710> fundamentally<00:21:05.430> an<00:21:05.490> indo-european

Greek is fundamentally an indo-european

Greek is fundamentally an indo-european
language<00:21:06.890> so<00:21:07.890> you<00:21:07.920> get<00:21:08.100> the<00:21:08.220> beginning<00:21:08.340> of<00:21:08.790> the

language so you get the beginning of the

language so you get the beginning of the
idea<00:21:09.300> that<00:21:09.600> somehow<00:21:10.280> indo-european<00:21:11.280> speakers

idea that somehow indo-european speakers

idea that somehow indo-european speakers
or<00:21:11.940> Aryans<00:21:12.450> and<00:21:12.570> they<00:21:12.720> slipped<00:21:12.990> very<00:21:13.230> easily

or Aryans and they slipped very easily

or Aryans and they slipped very easily
from<00:21:13.860> language<00:21:14.280> to<00:21:14.520> race<00:21:14.760> had<00:21:15.480> moved<00:21:15.750> into

from language to race had moved into

from language to race had moved into
Greece<00:21:16.320> but<00:21:17.280> the<00:21:17.400> only<00:21:17.610> way<00:21:17.700> they<00:21:17.880> could

Greece but the only way they could

Greece but the only way they could
imagine<00:21:18.240> them<00:21:18.510> moving<00:21:18.690> into<00:21:18.930> Greece<00:21:19.080> was<00:21:19.260> as

imagine them moving into Greece was as

imagine them moving into Greece was as
conquerors<00:21:19.760> they<00:21:20.760> couldn't<00:21:21.030> imagine<00:21:21.180> them

conquerors they couldn't imagine them

conquerors they couldn't imagine them
having<00:21:21.920> settled<00:21:22.920> there<00:21:23.160> as<00:21:23.310> as<00:21:23.610> wandering

having settled there as as wandering

having settled there as as wandering
tribes<00:21:24.300> or<00:21:24.840> coming<00:21:25.320> in<00:21:25.440> in<00:21:25.530> some<00:21:25.710> way<00:21:25.830> that

tribes or coming in in some way that

tribes or coming in in some way that
they<00:21:26.520> knew<00:21:26.820> and<00:21:27.180> this<00:21:27.330> and<00:21:27.720> of<00:21:27.930> course<00:21:28.110> they

they knew and this and of course they

they knew and this and of course they
knew<00:21:28.380> because<00:21:28.710> European<00:21:29.280> experience<00:21:29.730> in<00:21:30.240> the

knew because European experience in the

knew because European experience in the
18th<00:21:30.660> or<00:21:30.840> 19th<00:21:30.870> century<00:21:31.350> was<00:21:31.500> of<00:21:31.680> Europeans

18th or 19th century was of Europeans

18th or 19th century was of Europeans
dominating<00:21:32.610> all<00:21:32.730> other<00:21:32.880> peoples<00:21:33.270> and<00:21:33.510> they

dominating all other peoples and they

dominating all other peoples and they
projected<00:21:33.810> that<00:21:34.500> image

projected that image

projected that image
Vanek<00:21:35.110> into<00:21:35.710> the<00:21:35.799> past<00:21:36.009> so<00:21:36.909> you<00:21:36.999> have<00:21:37.440> this

Vanek into the past so you have this

Vanek into the past so you have this
idea<00:21:39.159> that<00:21:39.220> the<00:21:40.320> Greeks<00:21:41.320> must<00:21:41.499> have<00:21:41.679> come<00:21:41.860> into

idea that the Greeks must have come into

idea that the Greeks must have come into
Greece<00:21:43.480> from<00:21:44.169> the<00:21:44.320> north

Greece from the north

Greece from the north
just<00:21:45.039> as<00:21:45.309> the<00:21:45.639> Germanic<00:21:46.210> tribes<00:21:46.240> had<00:21:46.659> come

just as the Germanic tribes had come

just as the Germanic tribes had come
into<00:21:46.899> the<00:21:47.019> Roman<00:21:47.139> Empire<00:21:47.499> at<00:21:47.590> the<00:21:47.649> end<00:21:47.769> of<00:21:47.830> the

into the Roman Empire at the end of the

into the Roman Empire at the end of the
Roman<00:21:48.009> Empire<00:21:48.429> or<00:21:48.460> the<00:21:49.529> Aryans<00:21:50.529> had<00:21:50.679> come<00:21:50.830> into

Roman Empire or the Aryans had come into

Roman Empire or the Aryans had come into
India<00:21:51.159> there<00:21:51.940> but<00:21:52.149> in<00:21:52.240> both<00:21:52.419> those<00:21:52.629> cases<00:21:52.690> we

India there but in both those cases we

India there but in both those cases we
know<00:21:53.350> from<00:21:53.440> history<00:21:53.799> and<00:21:53.830> legend<00:21:54.159> that<00:21:54.190> it

know from history and legend that it

know from history and legend that it
actually<00:21:54.490> happened<00:21:55.029> in<00:21:55.720> the<00:21:55.899> case<00:21:56.049> of<00:21:56.200> Greece

actually happened in the case of Greece

actually happened in the case of Greece
there<00:21:56.799> was<00:21:56.919> no<00:21:57.279> evidence<00:21:57.999> to<00:21:58.629> suggest<00:21:58.779> that

there was no evidence to suggest that

there was no evidence to suggest that
northern<00:22:00.460> tribes<00:22:00.700> had<00:22:00.879> invaded<00:22:01.120> and

northern tribes had invaded and

northern tribes had invaded and
conquered<00:22:01.480> anybody<00:22:01.990> at<00:22:02.440> that<00:22:02.590> stage<00:22:02.860> and<00:22:03.159> this

conquered anybody at that stage and this

conquered anybody at that stage and this
was<00:22:03.639> a<00:22:03.669> problem<00:22:03.909> okay<00:22:04.870> but<00:22:05.230> they<00:22:05.499> decided<00:22:05.919> just

was a problem okay but they decided just

was a problem okay but they decided just
to<00:22:06.279> do<00:22:06.730> without<00:22:06.850> it<00:22:07.179> and<00:22:07.269> rely<00:22:07.659> on<00:22:07.690> modern

to do without it and rely on modern

to do without it and rely on modern
racial<00:22:09.399> and<00:22:09.580> linguistic<00:22:10.090> science<00:22:10.450> okay<00:22:11.259> so<00:22:11.490> up

racial and linguistic science okay so up

racial and linguistic science okay so up
until<00:22:12.639> the<00:22:12.909> early<00:22:13.059> you<00:22:13.419> had<00:22:13.539> 1800s<00:22:14.409> no<00:22:14.649> 1840s

until the early you had 1800s no 1840s

until the early you had 1800s no 1840s
everybody<00:22:16.659> was<00:22:16.840> saying<00:22:17.049> what<00:22:17.350> about<00:22:17.769> the

everybody was saying what about the

everybody was saying what about the
origins<00:22:18.369> of<00:22:18.460> Greece<00:22:18.639> up<00:22:19.210> until<00:22:19.600> the<00:22:19.690> 1820s

origins of Greece up until the 1820s

origins of Greece up until the 1820s
everybody<00:22:21.759> was<00:22:22.090> saying<00:22:22.360> the<00:22:22.749> Greeks<00:22:23.019> was

everybody was saying the Greeks was

everybody was saying the Greeks was
colonized<00:22:24.580> and<00:22:24.970> civilized<00:22:25.600> by<00:22:25.990> Egyptians<00:22:26.590> and

colonized and civilized by Egyptians and

colonized and civilized by Egyptians and
Phoenicians<00:22:27.549> okay<00:22:27.850> then<00:22:28.299> what<00:22:28.570> happened<00:22:28.960> and

Phoenicians okay then what happened and

Phoenicians okay then what happened and
who<00:22:29.230> were<00:22:29.409> the<00:22:29.590> movers<00:22:30.309> and<00:22:30.460> shakers<00:22:30.519> to<00:22:31.330> use<00:22:31.539> a

who were the movers and shakers to use a

who were the movers and shakers to use a
they<00:22:33.610> were<00:22:35.249> German<00:22:36.249> and<00:22:36.490> English<00:22:36.759> scholars

they were German and English scholars

they were German and English scholars
and<00:22:39.389> they<00:22:40.529> started<00:22:41.549> the<00:22:42.549> attack<00:22:42.940> I<00:22:43.299> mean<00:22:43.450> the

and they started the attack I mean the

and they started the attack I mean the
particular<00:22:44.499> University<00:22:45.100> which<00:22:45.279> I<00:22:45.429> think<00:22:45.580> was

particular University which I think was

particular University which I think was
crucial<00:22:46.029> in<00:22:46.090> this<00:22:46.210> move<00:22:46.389> was<00:22:46.509> the<00:22:46.570> University

crucial in this move was the University

crucial in this move was the University
of<00:22:47.019> göttingen<00:22:47.470> in<00:22:48.369> central<00:22:48.820> Germany<00:22:49.240> but<00:22:49.539> it

of göttingen in central Germany but it

of göttingen in central Germany but it
had<00:22:49.779> very<00:22:49.960> close<00:22:50.169> connections<00:22:50.710> to<00:22:50.799> England

had very close connections to England

had very close connections to England
because<00:22:51.580> it<00:22:51.669> was<00:22:51.759> under<00:22:51.970> the<00:22:52.059> same<00:22:52.240> rule<00:22:52.480> the

because it was under the same rule the

because it was under the same rule the
same<00:22:52.960> king<00:22:53.320> of<00:22:53.440> Hanover<00:22:53.799> ruled<00:22:54.549> England<00:22:55.470> and

same king of Hanover ruled England and

same king of Hanover ruled England and
this<00:22:56.860> University<00:22:57.549> really<00:22:58.360> produced<00:22:58.840> the

this University really produced the

this University really produced the
scholarship<00:23:00.179> which<00:23:01.179> was<00:23:01.480> able<00:23:02.110> to<00:23:03.210> overthrow

scholarship which was able to overthrow

scholarship which was able to overthrow
the<00:23:04.330> model<00:23:04.539> it<00:23:04.600> was<00:23:04.720> also<00:23:05.080> the<00:23:05.230> university<00:23:05.679> to

the model it was also the university to

the model it was also the university to
produce<00:23:05.860> the<00:23:06.100> first<00:23:06.220> systematic<00:23:06.610> racism<00:23:07.269> and

produce the first systematic racism and

produce the first systematic racism and
it<00:23:09.100> was<00:23:09.220> a<00:23:09.249> pioneering<00:23:09.879> university<00:23:10.720> at<00:23:11.019> the

it was a pioneering university at the

it was a pioneering university at the
end<00:23:11.559> of<00:23:11.769> the<00:23:11.919> 18th<00:23:12.369> century<00:23:12.429> you<00:23:12.759> say<00:23:12.940> that

end of the 18th century you say that

end of the 18th century you say that
this<00:23:13.240> university<00:23:13.990> has<00:23:14.019> served<00:23:14.409> as<00:23:14.559> a<00:23:14.590> model

this university has served as a model

this university has served as a model
for<00:23:15.009> later<00:23:15.519> yes<00:23:15.940> University<00:23:16.570> it<00:23:16.659> was<00:23:16.899> the

for later yes University it was the

for later yes University it was the
first<00:23:17.320> one<00:23:17.769> in<00:23:17.950> which<00:23:18.100> you<00:23:18.220> had<00:23:18.779> separate

first one in which you had separate

first one in which you had separate
departments<00:23:20.529> with<00:23:21.220> their<00:23:21.999> own<00:23:22.149> journals

departments with their own journals

departments with their own journals
developing<00:23:23.649> their<00:23:23.769> own<00:23:23.799> jargons<00:23:24.539> and

developing their own jargons and

developing their own jargons and
seminars<00:23:26.649> as<00:23:27.100> a<00:23:27.129> teaching<00:23:27.549> technique<00:23:28.090> a<00:23:28.210> whole

seminars as a teaching technique a whole

seminars as a teaching technique a whole
series<00:23:28.629> of<00:23:28.779> things<00:23:29.049> that's<00:23:29.289> now<00:23:29.409> become

series of things that's now become

series of things that's now become
standard<00:23:30.360> certainly<00:23:31.360> in<00:23:31.419> America<00:23:31.450> and<00:23:31.929> over

standard certainly in America and over

standard certainly in America and over
the<00:23:32.200> rest<00:23:32.379> of<00:23:32.499> the<00:23:32.559> world<00:23:32.909> started<00:23:33.909> really<00:23:34.450> in

the rest of the world started really in

the rest of the world started really in
girding<00:23:34.990> and<00:23:35.139> and<00:23:35.490> offshoots<00:23:36.490> of<00:23:36.610> Goethe<00:23:36.820> what

girding and and offshoots of Goethe what

girding and and offshoots of Goethe what
would<00:23:37.149> ye<00:23:37.330> are<00:23:37.389> we<00:23:37.509> talking<00:23:37.779> about

would ye are we talking about

would ye are we talking about
we're<00:23:38.259> talking<00:23:38.740> about<00:23:38.889> the<00:23:39.159> development<00:23:39.309> in

we're talking about the development in

we're talking about the development in
göttingen<00:23:39.940> 1770s<00:23:40.720> 1780s<00:23:40.919> it<00:23:41.919> then<00:23:42.159> became

göttingen 1770s 1780s it then became

göttingen 1770s 1780s it then became
institutionalized<00:23:42.789> in<00:23:43.600> Prussia<00:23:43.990> that's<00:23:44.409> the

institutionalized in Prussia that's the

institutionalized in Prussia that's the
kingdom<00:23:45.159> the<00:23:45.369> formal<00:23:45.610> basis<00:23:45.940> of<00:23:46.029> Germany<00:23:46.649> in

kingdom the formal basis of Germany in

kingdom the formal basis of Germany in
the

the

the
teens<00:23:48.460> eighteen<00:23:48.880> twenties<00:23:49.500> okay<00:23:50.500> yeah<00:23:50.950> so<00:23:51.550> you

teens eighteen twenties okay yeah so you

teens eighteen twenties okay yeah so you
have<00:23:51.760> so<00:23:52.090> you<00:23:52.150> have<00:23:52.330> this<00:23:52.450> and<00:23:52.720> so<00:23:53.590> at<00:23:54.160> the<00:23:54.280> same

have so you have this and so at the same

have so you have this and so at the same
time<00:23:54.460> that<00:23:54.790> you<00:23:54.850> have<00:23:55.000> the<00:23:55.060> new<00:23:55.180> scholarship

time that you have the new scholarship

time that you have the new scholarship
saying<00:23:57.250> that<00:23:57.460> Greece<00:23:57.640> is<00:23:57.790> essentially<00:23:58.120> a

saying that Greece is essentially a

saying that Greece is essentially a
European<00:23:58.540> country<00:23:58.780> and<00:23:58.810> was<00:23:58.990> never<00:23:59.170> affected

European country and was never affected

European country and was never affected
by<00:23:59.980> Egyptians<00:24:00.730> you<00:24:01.360> have<00:24:01.570> this<00:24:01.780> being

by Egyptians you have this being

by Egyptians you have this being
institutionalized<00:24:03.580> by<00:24:04.390> the<00:24:04.900> gymnasium<00:24:05.620> in

institutionalized by the gymnasium in

institutionalized by the gymnasium in
Germany<00:24:07.120> which<00:24:07.780> focused<00:24:08.650> its<00:24:08.800> attention<00:24:08.890> on

Germany which focused its attention on

Germany which focused its attention on
contemplating<00:24:10.510> the<00:24:10.600> Greeks<00:24:10.840> the<00:24:11.050> Greeks<00:24:11.080> had

contemplating the Greeks the Greeks had

contemplating the Greeks the Greeks had
now<00:24:11.590> become<00:24:11.800> a<00:24:12.130> miracle<00:24:12.730> people<00:24:12.910> they'd

now become a miracle people they'd

now become a miracle people they'd
become<00:24:13.930> a<00:24:14.080> people<00:24:14.440> who<00:24:14.620> were<00:24:14.820> poetic<00:24:15.820> and<00:24:16.090> had

become a people who were poetic and had

become a people who were poetic and had
all<00:24:16.960> the<00:24:17.140> advantages<00:24:17.200> of<00:24:17.650> youth<00:24:17.980> and<00:24:19.440> epic

all the advantages of youth and epic

all the advantages of youth and epic
poetry<00:24:20.950> the<00:24:21.460> Greece<00:24:21.670> of<00:24:21.850> Homer<00:24:22.090> the<00:24:22.240> Greece<00:24:22.600> of

poetry the Greece of Homer the Greece of

poetry the Greece of Homer the Greece of
vitality<00:24:23.610> at<00:24:24.610> the<00:24:24.790> same<00:24:25.000> time<00:24:25.330> as<00:24:25.750> the

vitality at the same time as the

vitality at the same time as the
inventors<00:24:26.470> of<00:24:26.560> philosophy<00:24:27.010> they<00:24:27.160> were

inventors of philosophy they were

inventors of philosophy they were
supposed<00:24:27.490> to<00:24:27.550> had<00:24:27.670> the<00:24:27.790> advantages<00:24:28.270> of

supposed to had the advantages of

supposed to had the advantages of
maturity<00:24:29.140> so<00:24:29.440> one<00:24:29.650> people<00:24:30.040> combined<00:24:30.930> both

maturity so one people combined both

maturity so one people combined both
sets<00:24:32.560> of<00:24:32.740> virtues<00:24:33.190> and<00:24:33.460> they<00:24:34.240> were<00:24:34.300> white<00:24:34.570> and

sets of virtues and they were white and

sets of virtues and they were white and
so<00:24:35.590> it<00:24:35.860> was<00:24:36.040> a<00:24:36.070> conscious<00:24:36.490> effort<00:24:36.730> by<00:24:37.540> German

so it was a conscious effort by German

so it was a conscious effort by German
educators<00:24:38.620> to<00:24:39.130> say<00:24:39.310> contemplation<00:24:40.180> of<00:24:40.330> these

educators to say contemplation of these

educators to say contemplation of these
perfect<00:24:40.960> people<00:24:41.370> would<00:24:42.370> produce<00:24:42.750> integrated

perfect people would produce integrated

perfect people would produce integrated
human<00:24:43.870> beings<00:24:44.440> for<00:24:44.980> a<00:24:45.040> new<00:24:45.280> non<00:24:45.790> revolutionary

human beings for a new non revolutionary

human beings for a new non revolutionary
Germany<00:24:47.260> it<00:24:47.320> was<00:24:47.380> a<00:24:47.470> very<00:24:47.590> conscious<00:24:48.100> way<00:24:48.310> of

Germany it was a very conscious way of

Germany it was a very conscious way of
avoiding<00:24:49.150> the<00:24:49.480> traumas<00:24:49.930> that<00:24:49.960> France<00:24:50.260> had

avoiding the traumas that France had

avoiding the traumas that France had
being<00:24:50.590> through<00:24:50.770> in<00:24:50.830> the<00:24:50.890> French<00:24:51.070> Revolution

being through in the French Revolution

being through in the French Revolution
by<00:24:52.240> looking<00:24:52.780> at<00:24:52.870> the<00:24:52.930> Greeks<00:24:53.140> and<00:24:53.350> the<00:24:53.770> same

by looking at the Greeks and the same

by looking at the Greeks and the same
was<00:24:54.130> taken<00:24:54.430> up<00:24:54.520> by<00:24:54.640> the<00:24:54.700> English<00:24:54.910> public

was taken up by the English public

was taken up by the English public
school<00:24:55.390> system<00:24:55.750> and<00:24:55.810> dr.<00:24:56.080> Arnold<00:24:56.610> was<00:24:57.610> very

school system and dr. Arnold was very

school system and dr. Arnold was very
consciously<00:24:58.270> working<00:24:59.020> for<00:24:59.620> the<00:24:59.740> middle<00:25:00.010> to

consciously working for the middle to

consciously working for the middle to
reform<00:25:00.670> without<00:25:00.940> revolution<00:25:01.690> using<00:25:02.410> classics

reform without revolution using classics

reform without revolution using classics
and<00:25:03.430> Greece<00:25:03.790> but<00:25:04.270> this<00:25:04.420> classics<00:25:04.780> had<00:25:04.930> to<00:25:05.020> be

and Greece but this classics had to be

and Greece but this classics had to be
race<00:25:05.350> and<00:25:05.680> a<00:25:06.040> new<00:25:06.820> thing<00:25:06.850> to<00:25:07.360> their<00:25:07.510> history

race and a new thing to their history

race and a new thing to their history
was<00:25:08.440> scientific<00:25:09.310> method<00:25:09.730> they<00:25:09.850> called<00:25:10.090> which

was scientific method they called which

was scientific method they called which
is<00:25:10.330> using<00:25:10.870> footnotes<00:25:11.230> and<00:25:11.380> things<00:25:11.500> like<00:25:11.650> that

is using footnotes and things like that

is using footnotes and things like that
but<00:25:12.460> the<00:25:13.000> new<00:25:13.030> principal<00:25:13.960> I<00:25:14.140> was<00:25:14.260> using<00:25:14.410> they

but the new principal I was using they

but the new principal I was using they
called<00:25:15.280> the<00:25:15.370> ethnic<00:25:15.730> principle<00:25:16.360> which<00:25:16.540> was

called the ethnic principle which was

called the ethnic principle which was
racism<00:25:17.050> and<00:25:17.380> that<00:25:17.650> was<00:25:17.830> the<00:25:17.980> core<00:25:18.220> to<00:25:18.460> the<00:25:18.580> new

racism and that was the core to the new

racism and that was the core to the new
historiography<00:25:19.720> are<00:25:20.170> writing<00:25:20.500> with<00:25:20.590> history

historiography are writing with history

historiography are writing with history
in<00:25:21.430> northern<00:25:22.270> Europe<00:25:22.540> in<00:25:22.690> the<00:25:22.840> early<00:25:23.020> 19th

in northern Europe in the early 19th

in northern Europe in the early 19th
century<00:25:23.530> okay<00:25:24.010> let's<00:25:24.160> get<00:25:24.280> to<00:25:24.340> these<00:25:24.520> turkey

century okay let's get to these turkey

century okay let's get to these turkey
and<00:25:25.090> let's<00:25:25.210> get<00:25:25.270> to<00:25:25.390> these<00:25:25.510> two<00:25:25.960> models<00:25:26.380> for

and let's get to these two models for

and let's get to these two models for
the<00:25:27.340> origins<00:25:27.730> of<00:25:27.820> Greek<00:25:28.000> civilization<00:25:29.640> the

the origins of Greek civilization the

the origins of Greek civilization the
ancient<00:25:31.060> model<00:25:31.300> as<00:25:31.420> you<00:25:31.540> call<00:25:31.780> it<00:25:31.960> mm-hmm

ancient model as you call it mm-hmm

ancient model as you call it mm-hmm
which<00:25:33.400> says<00:25:33.820> what<00:25:34.270> the<00:25:35.230> ancient<00:25:35.530> model<00:25:35.800> says

which says what the ancient model says

which says what the ancient model says
that<00:25:36.870> Egyptians<00:25:37.870> and<00:25:38.050> Phoenicians<00:25:38.500> came<00:25:38.920> I'm

that Egyptians and Phoenicians came I'm

that Egyptians and Phoenicians came I'm
you<00:25:39.580> read<00:25:39.820> part<00:25:40.270> of<00:25:40.300> it<00:25:40.390> came<00:25:40.900> to<00:25:41.110> Greece

you read part of it came to Greece

you read part of it came to Greece
colonized<00:25:42.310> it<00:25:42.580> and<00:25:42.760> later<00:25:43.360> generations<00:25:43.960> of

colonized it and later generations of

colonized it and later generations of
Greece<00:25:44.320> went<00:25:45.220> to<00:25:45.640> Egypt<00:25:46.450> and<00:25:46.630> Phoenicia<00:25:46.900> to

Greece went to Egypt and Phoenicia to

Greece went to Egypt and Phoenicia to
study<00:25:47.380> so<00:25:47.800> you<00:25:47.830> have<00:25:48.070> cultural<00:25:48.490> influences

study so you have cultural influences

study so you have cultural influences
coming<00:25:49.120> in<00:25:49.300> in<00:25:49.450> two<00:25:49.600> ways<00:25:49.780> by<00:25:49.960> the<00:25:50.020> colonizers

coming in in two ways by the colonizers

coming in in two ways by the colonizers
and<00:25:50.860> then<00:25:51.490> by<00:25:52.120> the<00:25:52.180> Greek<00:25:52.630> students<00:25:53.110> bringing

and then by the Greek students bringing

and then by the Greek students bringing
back<00:25:54.100> wisdom<00:25:55.090> with<00:25:55.450> them<00:25:55.830> okay<00:25:56.830> in<00:25:56.920> this<00:25:57.010> later

back wisdom with them okay in this later

back wisdom with them okay in this later
model<00:25:57.730> from<00:25:58.420> the<00:25:58.570> early<00:25:58.780> what<00:25:59.080> eight<00:25:59.260> 1800s

model from the early what eight 1800s

model from the early what eight 1800s
Early<00:26:00.310> 1800s

Early 1800s

Early 1800s
model<00:26:01.989> says<00:26:02.469> that<00:26:02.739> Greece<00:26:02.979> is<00:26:03.009> the<00:26:03.309> result<00:26:03.639> of

model says that Greece is the result of

model says that Greece is the result of
a<00:26:04.239> conquest<00:26:04.659> from<00:26:05.109> the<00:26:05.379> north<00:26:05.589> of<00:26:05.969> people<00:26:06.969> we

a conquest from the north of people we

a conquest from the north of people we
don't<00:26:07.539> know<00:26:07.659> much<00:26:07.779> but<00:26:08.079> we<00:26:08.440> call<00:26:08.619> the<00:26:08.739> pre

don't know much but we call the pre

don't know much but we call the pre
hélène's<00:26:09.339> the<00:26:09.549> pre<00:26:09.729> Hellenic<00:26:10.059> people<00:26:10.359> all<00:26:10.869> you

hélène's the pre Hellenic people all you

hélène's the pre Hellenic people all you
know<00:26:11.259> about<00:26:11.289> the<00:26:11.559> pre-hearing<00:26:11.769> people<00:26:12.309> is

know about the pre-hearing people is

know about the pre-hearing people is
that<00:26:13.479> they<00:26:13.659> were<00:26:13.719> white<00:26:14.019> that<00:26:14.679> is<00:26:14.859> there<00:26:15.039> were

that they were white that is there were

that they were white that is there were
non<00:26:15.869> not<00:26:16.869> Egyptians<00:26:17.349> or<00:26:17.589> and<00:26:17.950> they<00:26:18.009> were<00:26:18.070> not

non not Egyptians or and they were not

non not Egyptians or and they were not
Semites<00:26:19.799> but<00:26:20.799> at<00:26:20.919> the<00:26:20.979> same<00:26:21.129> time<00:26:21.459> they<00:26:22.179> were

Semites but at the same time they were

Semites but at the same time they were
non-indo-european<00:26:22.899> speaking<00:26:23.739> now<00:26:24.279> that's

non-indo-european speaking now that's

non-indo-european speaking now that's
essential<00:26:25.119> because<00:26:25.989> half<00:26:26.409> the<00:26:27.039> vocabulary<00:26:27.429> of

essential because half the vocabulary of

essential because half the vocabulary of
Greek<00:26:28.179> is<00:26:28.389> not<00:26:28.899> indo-european<00:26:30.059> indo-european

Greek is not indo-european indo-european

Greek is not indo-european indo-european
is<00:26:31.329> a<00:26:31.359> language<00:26:31.809> family<00:26:31.989> that<00:26:32.289> includes

is a language family that includes

is a language family that includes
nearly<00:26:32.799> all<00:26:33.039> the<00:26:33.159> European<00:26:33.579> languages<00:26:34.029> and

nearly all the European languages and

nearly all the European languages and
Iranian<00:26:35.529> and<00:26:36.329> North<00:26:37.329> Indian<00:26:37.749> languages<00:26:38.440> and

Iranian and North Indian languages and

Iranian and North Indian languages and
this<00:26:39.159> is<00:26:39.369> group<00:26:39.549> of<00:26:39.700> families<00:26:40.029> that<00:26:40.119> are

this is group of families that are

this is group of families that are
clearly<00:26:40.509> related<00:26:40.690> to<00:26:41.499> each<00:26:41.619> other<00:26:41.769> and<00:26:42.099> a<00:26:42.190> lot

clearly related to each other and a lot

clearly related to each other and a lot
of<00:26:42.549> structure<00:26:42.999> and<00:26:43.029> a<00:26:43.179> lot<00:26:43.299> of<00:26:43.389> vocabulary<00:26:43.719> in

of structure and a lot of vocabulary in

of structure and a lot of vocabulary in
common<00:26:44.409> Greece<00:26:44.919> Greek<00:26:45.579> is<00:26:45.789> an<00:26:45.909> odd<00:26:46.089> man<00:26:46.329> out<00:26:46.359> in

common Greece Greek is an odd man out in

common Greece Greek is an odd man out in
the<00:26:47.589> system<00:26:47.919> there's<00:26:48.129> a<00:26:48.159> lot<00:26:48.369> else<00:26:48.549> there<00:26:49.450> for

the system there's a lot else there for

the system there's a lot else there for
the<00:26:49.869> new<00:26:51.209> proponents<00:26:52.209> of<00:26:52.269> the<00:26:52.359> Aryan<00:26:52.659> model

the new proponents of the Aryan model

the new proponents of the Aryan model
said<00:26:54.509> the<00:26:55.509> reason<00:26:55.989> why<00:26:56.259> there<00:26:56.619> is<00:26:56.709> so<00:26:56.859> much

said the reason why there is so much

said the reason why there is so much
that<00:26:57.129> is<00:26:57.190> not<00:26:57.609> Greek<00:26:58.089> not<00:26:58.539> indo-european<00:26:58.839> in

that is not Greek not indo-european in

that is not Greek not indo-european in
Greek<00:26:59.499> is<00:26:59.679> that<00:27:00.399> the<00:27:00.519> pre<00:27:00.759> Helene's<00:27:01.559> culture

Greek is that the pre Helene's culture

Greek is that the pre Helene's culture
survived<00:27:04.589> and<00:27:05.589> so<00:27:06.219> that<00:27:06.459> it<00:27:06.609> was<00:27:06.729> mixed

survived and so that it was mixed

survived and so that it was mixed
linguistically<00:27:07.899> but<00:27:08.079> not<00:27:08.349> mixed<00:27:08.739> racially

linguistically but not mixed racially

linguistically but not mixed racially
but<00:27:09.879> the<00:27:09.969> pre<00:27:10.179> hélène's<00:27:10.479> had<00:27:10.659> been<00:27:10.809> white<00:27:11.019> so

but the pre hélène's had been white so

but the pre hélène's had been white so
you<00:27:11.679> had<00:27:11.919> you've<00:27:12.219> got<00:27:12.429> over<00:27:12.549> the<00:27:12.820> inevitable

you had you've got over the inevitable

you had you've got over the inevitable
mixing<00:27:13.739> of<00:27:14.739> language<00:27:15.899> but<00:27:16.899> the<00:27:17.229> Greeks<00:27:17.829> were

mixing of language but the Greeks were

mixing of language but the Greeks were
seen<00:27:18.249> as<00:27:18.489> lily<00:27:18.879> white<00:27:19.089> marble<00:27:19.690> helps<00:27:20.049> okay<00:27:20.379> now

seen as lily white marble helps okay now

seen as lily white marble helps okay now
this<00:27:20.529> ancient<00:27:20.919> African<00:27:21.339> model<00:27:21.969> for<00:27:22.119> the

this ancient African model for the

this ancient African model for the
origins<00:27:22.570> of<00:27:22.659> Greek<00:27:22.869> civilization<00:27:23.729> says<00:27:24.729> what

origins of Greek civilization says what

origins of Greek civilization says what
about<00:27:25.479> the<00:27:25.659> time<00:27:25.959> of<00:27:26.259> contact<00:27:27.119> that<00:27:28.119> is<00:27:28.329> the

about the time of contact that is the

about the time of contact that is the
Africans<00:27:29.499> making<00:27:30.249> contact<00:27:30.789> with<00:27:31.029> the<00:27:31.179> Greeks

Africans making contact with the Greeks

Africans making contact with the Greeks
they<00:27:32.739> say<00:27:33.129> that<00:27:33.609> the<00:27:33.989> Egyptians<00:27:34.989> and

they say that the Egyptians and

they say that the Egyptians and
Phoenicians<00:27:35.499> I<00:27:35.589> mean<00:27:35.709> the<00:27:35.799> different

Phoenicians I mean the different

Phoenicians I mean the different
chronograph<00:27:36.879> is<00:27:36.969> as<00:27:37.149> they<00:27:37.269> call<00:27:37.419> it<00:27:37.659> that<00:27:37.869> is

chronograph is as they call it that is

chronograph is as they call it that is
different<00:27:38.349> datings<00:27:38.709> arrived<00:27:39.489> about<00:27:40.739> 1580<00:27:41.849> BC

different datings arrived about 1580 BC

different datings arrived about 1580 BC
and<00:27:44.589> other<00:27:45.519> ones<00:27:45.729> arrived<00:27:46.089> later<00:27:46.409> but<00:27:47.409> there

and other ones arrived later but there

and other ones arrived later but there
were<00:27:47.619> various<00:27:48.009> settlements<00:27:48.779> when<00:27:49.779> you<00:27:49.869> come

were various settlements when you come

were various settlements when you come
to<00:27:50.289> the<00:27:50.409> students<00:27:51.099> going<00:27:51.519> to<00:27:52.089> Egypt<00:27:52.359> they

to the students going to Egypt they

to the students going to Egypt they
start<00:27:52.989> going<00:27:53.320> in<00:27:53.769> the<00:27:54.450> 500s<00:27:56.729> BC<00:27:57.729> the<00:27:57.849> sixth

start going in the 500s BC the sixth

start going in the 500s BC the sixth
century<00:27:58.450> BC<00:27:59.109> maybe<00:27:59.919> maybe<00:28:00.369> some<00:28:00.639> bit<00:28:00.879> earlier

century BC maybe maybe some bit earlier

century BC maybe maybe some bit earlier
and<00:28:01.359> that<00:28:01.389> and<00:28:02.079> that's<00:28:02.200> much<00:28:02.589> more<00:28:02.769> detailed

and that and that's much more detailed

and that and that's much more detailed
we<00:28:03.459> have<00:28:03.609> great<00:28:03.789> you<00:28:04.029> know<00:28:04.179> you<00:28:04.389> know<00:28:05.019> how

we have great you know you know how

we have great you know you know how
Plato<00:28:05.440> went<00:28:05.829> or<00:28:06.099> how<00:28:06.749> Solon<00:28:07.749> went<00:28:07.989> and<00:28:08.200> things

Plato went or how Solon went and things

Plato went or how Solon went and things
like<00:28:08.469> had<00:28:08.649> to<00:28:08.739> Egypt<00:28:09.070> and<00:28:09.219> you<00:28:09.489> know<00:28:09.639> class

like had to Egypt and you know class

like had to Egypt and you know class
ancient<00:28:10.659> historians<00:28:11.079> said<00:28:11.229> they<00:28:11.349> studied

ancient historians said they studied

ancient historians said they studied
with<00:28:11.799> so-and-so<00:28:12.009> and<00:28:12.459> there's<00:28:12.940> quite<00:28:13.029> a<00:28:13.089> lot

with so-and-so and there's quite a lot

with so-and-so and there's quite a lot
of<00:28:13.239> detail<00:28:13.389> about<00:28:13.869> that<00:28:14.409> the

of detail about that the

of detail about that the
stories<00:28:15.549> of<00:28:15.580> colonization's<00:28:16.299> are<00:28:16.419> much<00:28:16.570> more

stories of colonization's are much more

stories of colonization's are much more
muddy<00:28:17.620> because<00:28:18.429> they<00:28:19.210> came<00:28:19.539> from<00:28:19.750> this

muddy because they came from this

muddy because they came from this
earlier<00:28:20.140> period<00:28:20.559> and<00:28:20.740> had<00:28:21.160> been<00:28:21.280> a<00:28:21.340> crisis

earlier period and had been a crisis

earlier period and had been a crisis
between<00:28:22.270> the<00:28:22.840> early<00:28:23.049> period<00:28:23.350> and<00:28:23.470> when<00:28:23.650> they

between the early period and when they

between the early period and when they
when<00:28:24.370> the<00:28:24.520> Africans<00:28:25.090> in<00:28:25.450> Egypt<00:28:26.320> went<00:28:27.010> to

when the Africans in Egypt went to

when the Africans in Egypt went to
Greece<00:28:27.490> how<00:28:28.179> were<00:28:28.419> the<00:28:28.600> people<00:28:29.230> living<00:28:29.559> in

Greece how were the people living in

Greece how were the people living in
Greece<00:28:30.660> it's<00:28:31.660> difficult<00:28:32.289> to<00:28:32.410> tell<00:28:32.590> the<00:28:33.039> Greeks

Greece it's difficult to tell the Greeks

Greece it's difficult to tell the Greeks
own<00:28:33.669> reports<00:28:34.240> are<00:28:34.480> that<00:28:35.200> they<00:28:35.350> were<00:28:35.410> living<00:28:35.679> in

own reports are that they were living in

own reports are that they were living in
a<00:28:35.799> very<00:28:35.890> primitive<00:28:36.250> way<00:28:36.520> they<00:28:37.000> were<00:28:37.090> living

a very primitive way they were living

a very primitive way they were living
off<00:28:37.390> acorns<00:28:37.960> is<00:28:38.200> the<00:28:38.350> common<00:28:38.710> image<00:28:39.309> given

off acorns is the common image given

off acorns is the common image given
which<00:28:40.059> was<00:28:40.210> accepted<00:28:40.539> by<00:28:40.630> 18th<00:28:40.929> century

which was accepted by 18th century

which was accepted by 18th century
historians<00:28:41.679> archeology<00:28:42.520> doesn't<00:28:42.850> tolerate

historians archeology doesn't tolerate

historians archeology doesn't tolerate
that<00:28:43.559> archaeology<00:28:44.559> shows<00:28:44.590> that<00:28:45.100> in<00:28:45.280> the

that archaeology shows that in the

that archaeology shows that in the
Greece<00:28:45.850> and<00:28:46.059> the<00:28:46.120> early<00:28:46.330> Bronze<00:28:46.480> Age<00:28:46.720> had<00:28:47.169> a

Greece and the early Bronze Age had a

Greece and the early Bronze Age had a
fairly<00:28:48.720> sophisticated<00:28:50.250> society<00:28:51.250> a<00:28:51.280> fairly

fairly sophisticated society a fairly

fairly sophisticated society a fairly
prosperous<00:28:51.760> society<00:28:52.390> that<00:28:52.659> -<00:28:52.900> I<00:28:52.929> think<00:28:53.380> had

prosperous society that - I think had

prosperous society that - I think had
been<00:28:53.679> influenced<00:28:54.100> from<00:28:54.159> the<00:28:54.280> Near<00:28:54.429> East<00:28:54.460> I

been influenced from the Near East I

been influenced from the Near East I
think<00:28:54.909> there's<00:28:55.030> no<00:28:55.120> doubt<00:28:55.270> about<00:28:56.020> it<00:28:56.230> but<00:28:56.530> we

think there's no doubt about it but we

think there's no doubt about it but we
can't<00:28:56.830> track<00:28:57.340> that<00:28:57.549> down<00:28:57.789> in<00:28:58.179> terms<00:28:58.390> of

can't track that down in terms of

can't track that down in terms of
language<00:28:59.320> but<00:28:59.830> the<00:29:00.460> middle<00:29:00.880> Bronze<00:29:01.179> Age<00:29:01.419> was<00:29:02.320> a

language but the middle Bronze Age was a

language but the middle Bronze Age was a
very<00:29:02.590> low<00:29:02.799> period<00:29:03.190> in<00:29:03.309> Greek<00:29:03.490> culture<00:29:03.640> and<00:29:04.090> was

very low period in Greek culture and was

very low period in Greek culture and was
something<00:29:04.600> like<00:29:04.780> this<00:29:05.020> ok<00:29:05.590> now<00:29:05.950> the

something like this ok now the

something like this ok now the
proponents<00:29:06.880> of<00:29:07.000> the<00:29:07.450> of<00:29:07.690> the<00:29:09.390> Aryan<00:29:10.390> or<00:29:10.659> white

proponents of the of the Aryan or white

proponents of the of the Aryan or white
model<00:29:11.380> for<00:29:11.590> the<00:29:11.650> origins<00:29:12.130> of<00:29:12.280> Greek

model for the origins of Greek

model for the origins of Greek
civilization<00:29:13.350> who<00:29:14.350> were<00:29:14.530> they<00:29:14.770> and<00:29:15.159> what<00:29:15.190> were

civilization who were they and what were

civilization who were they and what were
their<00:29:16.030> motivation<00:29:17.429> well<00:29:19.230> I'm<00:29:20.230> gonna<00:29:20.320> have<00:29:20.500> to

their motivation well I'm gonna have to

their motivation well I'm gonna have to
ask<00:29:20.740> you<00:29:20.919> about<00:29:20.980> professor<00:29:21.730> blumenbach<00:29:22.090> well

ask you about professor blumenbach well

ask you about professor blumenbach well
professor<00:29:23.559> bloom<00:29:23.740> racism<00:29:24.159> is<00:29:24.370> a<00:29:24.400> complicated

professor bloom racism is a complicated

professor bloom racism is a complicated
case<00:29:25.380> but<00:29:27.360> the<00:29:30.900> well<00:29:31.900> let<00:29:32.020> me<00:29:32.049> try<00:29:32.200> and<00:29:32.320> think

case but the well let me try and think

case but the well let me try and think
in<00:29:33.179> göttingen<00:29:34.179> there<00:29:34.360> was<00:29:34.450> professor<00:29:34.870> Heine

in göttingen there was professor Heine

in göttingen there was professor Heine
who<00:29:35.620> was<00:29:35.830> a<00:29:36.220> dominating<00:29:37.150> figure<00:29:38.159> who<00:29:39.210> was<00:29:40.210> very

who was a dominating figure who was very

who was a dominating figure who was very
interested<00:29:40.600> in<00:29:41.200> the<00:29:41.470> non<00:29:41.830> European<00:29:42.520> world<00:29:42.940> but

interested in the non European world but

interested in the non European world but
was<00:29:43.510> convinced<00:29:44.110> in<00:29:44.710> the<00:29:45.340> racial<00:29:45.610> superiority

was convinced in the racial superiority

was convinced in the racial superiority
of<00:29:46.740> Europeans<00:29:47.740> and<00:29:48.010> the<00:29:48.640> belief<00:29:48.909> that<00:29:49.210> the

of Europeans and the belief that the

of Europeans and the belief that the
Caucasians<00:29:49.929> were<00:29:50.049> the<00:29:50.140> original<00:29:50.559> race<00:29:51.039> and

Caucasians were the original race and

Caucasians were the original race and
the<00:29:51.460> perfect<00:29:51.669> race<00:29:52.059> from<00:29:52.780> which<00:29:53.049> other<00:29:53.470> races

the perfect race from which other races

the perfect race from which other races
had<00:29:54.309> fallen<00:29:54.610> off<00:29:54.880> that<00:29:55.270> the<00:29:55.450> blacks<00:29:56.020> had<00:29:56.200> gone

had fallen off that the blacks had gone

had fallen off that the blacks had gone
to<00:29:56.409> Africa<00:29:56.799> and<00:29:56.890> blackened<00:29:57.340> and<00:29:57.460> become<00:29:57.760> wrong

to Africa and blackened and become wrong

to Africa and blackened and become wrong
in<00:29:58.360> that<00:29:58.539> way<00:29:58.750> the<00:29:59.080> Mongols<00:29:59.650> had<00:29:59.770> gone<00:29:59.890> off<00:30:00.010> to

in that way the Mongols had gone off to

in that way the Mongols had gone off to
Asia<00:30:00.309> and<00:30:00.610> become<00:30:00.970> distorted<00:30:01.450> in<00:30:01.750> that<00:30:01.870> way

Asia and become distorted in that way

Asia and become distorted in that way
that<00:30:02.140> they<00:30:02.260> true<00:30:02.860> original<00:30:03.549> type<00:30:03.760> of<00:30:03.940> man<00:30:04.150> was

that they true original type of man was

that they true original type of man was
the<00:30:05.110> white<00:30:05.380> Caucasian<00:30:06.419> and<00:30:07.419> this<00:30:07.690> was<00:30:07.870> common

the white Caucasian and this was common

the white Caucasian and this was common
in<00:30:08.590> getting<00:30:09.250> at<00:30:09.340> the<00:30:09.429> time<00:30:09.700> and<00:30:09.970> in<00:30:10.090> fact<00:30:10.299> it

in getting at the time and in fact it

in getting at the time and in fact it
was<00:30:10.480> systematized<00:30:10.960> by<00:30:11.260> blumenbach<00:30:12.130> but<00:30:13.030> other

was systematized by blumenbach but other

was systematized by blumenbach but other
people<00:30:13.570> like<00:30:13.720> -<00:30:14.200> a<00:30:14.230> whole<00:30:14.590> series<00:30:14.830> of<00:30:15.039> those

people like - a whole series of those

people like - a whole series of those
scholars<00:30:15.580> were<00:30:16.679> equally<00:30:18.720> hierarchical<00:30:19.720> in

scholars were equally hierarchical in

scholars were equally hierarchical in
there<00:30:20.169> but<00:30:20.350> blumenbach<00:30:20.710> is<00:30:21.100> a<00:30:21.130> very

there but blumenbach is a very

there but blumenbach is a very
interesting<00:30:21.669> case<00:30:22.000> because<00:30:22.059> he<00:30:22.630> wrote<00:30:22.809> the

interesting case because he wrote the

interesting case because he wrote the
standard<00:30:23.470> racial<00:30:23.799> textbook<00:30:24.580> which<00:30:24.760> was<00:30:24.909> used

standard racial textbook which was used

standard racial textbook which was used
for<00:30:25.150> next<00:30:25.419> hundred<00:30:25.570> years<00:30:25.690> talking<00:30:26.559> about<00:30:26.740> the

for next hundred years talking about the

for next hundred years talking about the
three<00:30:27.159> basic<00:30:28.030> human<00:30:28.360> race

three basic human race

three basic human race
the<00:30:29.200> white<00:30:29.380> the<00:30:29.679> black<00:30:29.830> and<00:30:30.100> the<00:30:30.159> yellow<00:30:30.750> and

the white the black and the yellow and

the white the black and the yellow and
how<00:30:32.740> the<00:30:33.279> white<00:30:33.429> was<00:30:33.610> superior<00:30:33.880> but<00:30:34.809> he<00:30:35.770> had<00:30:35.950> a

how the white was superior but he had a

how the white was superior but he had a
very<00:30:36.630> curious<00:30:37.630> experience<00:30:38.140> after<00:30:38.620> having

very curious experience after having

very curious experience after having
written<00:30:39.130> this<00:30:39.309> book<00:30:39.460> and<00:30:39.640> made<00:30:39.730> his

written this book and made his

written this book and made his
reputation<00:30:40.090> got<00:30:40.600> his<00:30:40.720> chair<00:30:40.990> on<00:30:41.200> the<00:30:41.440> Graduate

reputation got his chair on the Graduate

reputation got his chair on the Graduate
he<00:30:42.159> was<00:30:42.279> traveling<00:30:42.669> in<00:30:42.760> Switzerland<00:30:43.270> when<00:30:43.750> he

he was traveling in Switzerland when he

he was traveling in Switzerland when he
suddenly<00:30:44.049> encountered<00:30:44.559> a<00:30:44.650> beautiful<00:30:45.309> black

suddenly encountered a beautiful black

suddenly encountered a beautiful black
woman<00:30:46.090> with<00:30:46.480> whom<00:30:46.929> he<00:30:46.990> seems<00:30:47.289> to<00:30:47.440> fallen<00:30:47.710> in

woman with whom he seems to fallen in

woman with whom he seems to fallen in
love<00:30:48.010> and<00:30:48.309> he<00:30:48.850> had<00:30:48.940> a<00:30:48.970> complete<00:30:49.299> change<00:30:49.659> in<00:30:50.049> his

love and he had a complete change in his

love and he had a complete change in his
personal<00:30:51.309> attitude<00:30:52.210> and<00:30:52.480> he<00:30:53.260> starts<00:30:53.679> saying

personal attitude and he starts saying

personal attitude and he starts saying
well<00:30:54.490> some<00:30:54.730> blacks<00:30:54.940> are<00:30:55.150> intelligent<00:30:55.659> some

well some blacks are intelligent some

well some blacks are intelligent some
blacks<00:30:56.049> are<00:30:58.020> are<00:30:59.020> worth<00:30:59.289> it<00:30:59.470> in<00:30:59.830> fact

blacks are are worth it in fact

blacks are are worth it in fact
collected<00:31:00.429> a<00:31:00.490> few<00:31:00.520> histories<00:31:01.090> of<00:31:01.120> blacks<00:31:01.539> had

collected a few histories of blacks had

collected a few histories of blacks had
done<00:31:01.870> well<00:31:02.080> in<00:31:02.110> Europe<00:31:03.070> but<00:31:03.490> the<00:31:03.640> impact<00:31:04.539> he

done well in Europe but the impact he

done well in Europe but the impact he
had<00:31:04.960> was<00:31:05.620> as<00:31:06.010> the<00:31:06.279> writer<00:31:06.520> of<00:31:06.909> his<00:31:07.179> standard

had was as the writer of his standard

had was as the writer of his standard
textbook<00:31:08.730> which<00:31:09.730> tried<00:31:10.059> to<00:31:10.210> give<00:31:10.390> anatomical

textbook which tried to give anatomical

textbook which tried to give anatomical
backing<00:31:12.190> to<00:31:12.940> the<00:31:12.970> racism<00:31:13.750> and<00:31:14.049> to<00:31:14.230> say<00:31:14.409> that

backing to the racism and to say that

backing to the racism and to say that
skin<00:31:15.669> color<00:31:15.880> had<00:31:16.210> something<00:31:16.539> to<00:31:16.630> do<00:31:16.779> with

skin color had something to do with

skin color had something to do with
moral<00:31:17.350> and<00:31:17.770> other<00:31:18.549> physical<00:31:18.970> attributes<00:31:19.840> I

moral and other physical attributes I

moral and other physical attributes I
mean<00:31:20.380> that<00:31:20.559> the<00:31:21.340> fact<00:31:21.580> that<00:31:21.610> he<00:31:21.760> personally

mean that the fact that he personally

mean that the fact that he personally
change<00:31:22.360> is<00:31:22.450> very<00:31:22.570> interesting<00:31:23.080> for<00:31:23.260> me<00:31:23.409> no<00:31:23.559> sir

change is very interesting for me no sir

change is very interesting for me no sir
it's<00:31:24.610> not<00:31:24.730> important<00:31:25.330> okay<00:31:25.779> I'm<00:31:26.200> here<00:31:26.440> and<00:31:26.590> he

it's not important okay I'm here and he

it's not important okay I'm here and he
coined<00:31:27.640> he<00:31:28.539> coined<00:31:28.809> the<00:31:28.990> word<00:31:29.020> Caucasian

coined he coined the word Caucasian

coined he coined the word Caucasian
uh-huh<00:31:30.220> he<00:31:31.059> used<00:31:31.270> it<00:31:31.419> in<00:31:31.539> his<00:31:31.720> third<00:31:33.720> edition

uh-huh he used it in his third edition

uh-huh he used it in his third edition
of<00:31:34.809> his<00:31:34.960> work<00:31:35.289> in<00:31:35.440> 1795<00:31:36.330> and<00:31:37.330> that<00:31:38.230> the<00:31:38.470> idea<00:31:38.559> of

of his work in 1795 and that the idea of

of his work in 1795 and that the idea of
the<00:31:38.919> Caucasus<00:31:39.370> being<00:31:39.580> the<00:31:39.669> home<00:31:39.850> was<00:31:40.090> partly

the Caucasus being the home was partly

the Caucasus being the home was partly
because<00:31:40.630> the<00:31:40.870> Georgians<00:31:41.289> were<00:31:41.440> supposed<00:31:41.679> to

because the Georgians were supposed to

because the Georgians were supposed to
be<00:31:41.799> models<00:31:42.130> of<00:31:42.340> white<00:31:42.789> people<00:31:43.299> go<00:31:43.419> Georgian

be models of white people go Georgian

be models of white people go Georgian
not<00:31:44.110> the<00:31:44.200> Georgians<00:31:44.559> here<00:31:45.279> but<00:31:45.760> the<00:31:45.850> Georgians

not the Georgians here but the Georgians

not the Georgians here but the Georgians
in<00:31:46.360> Russia<00:31:47.350> what's<00:31:47.980> now<00:31:48.100> Russia<00:31:48.279> okay<00:31:49.179> but

in Russia what's now Russia okay but

in Russia what's now Russia okay but
also<00:31:50.500> because<00:31:51.220> there<00:31:51.520> was<00:31:51.640> the<00:31:51.760> idea<00:31:52.029> of<00:31:52.330> the

also because there was the idea of the

also because there was the idea of the
sons<00:31:53.169> of<00:31:53.350> Japheth

sons of Japheth

sons of Japheth
in<00:31:54.970> the<00:31:55.090> Bible<00:31:55.529> who<00:31:56.529> were<00:31:56.649> identified<00:31:57.130> with

in the Bible who were identified with

in the Bible who were identified with
the<00:31:57.490> Aryans<00:31:57.880> had<00:31:58.419> settled<00:31:59.110> in<00:31:59.830> that<00:32:00.429> area<00:32:00.909> you

the Aryans had settled in that area you

the Aryans had settled in that area you
know<00:32:01.179> the<00:32:01.299> Ark<00:32:01.630> was<00:32:01.840> supposed<00:32:02.080> to<00:32:02.140> have<00:32:02.289> landed

know the Ark was supposed to have landed

know the Ark was supposed to have landed
on<00:32:02.890> Mount<00:32:03.100> Ararat<00:32:03.250> south<00:32:03.940> of<00:32:04.059> the<00:32:04.120> Caucasus

on Mount Ararat south of the Caucasus

on Mount Ararat south of the Caucasus
okay<00:32:05.110> so<00:32:05.169> you<00:32:05.350> have<00:32:05.470> that<00:32:05.559> whereas<00:32:05.770> the<00:32:05.860> sons

okay so you have that whereas the sons

okay so you have that whereas the sons
of<00:32:06.220> ham<00:32:06.429> went<00:32:07.059> to<00:32:07.179> Africa<00:32:07.570> and<00:32:07.659> the<00:32:07.750> sons<00:32:07.960> of

of ham went to Africa and the sons of

of ham went to Africa and the sons of
shem<00:32:09.309> went<00:32:10.149> to<00:32:11.250> Asia

shem went to Asia

shem went to Asia
well<00:32:12.850> you<00:32:12.940> know<00:32:13.090> I've<00:32:13.240> outlined<00:32:13.809> how<00:32:14.080> I<00:32:14.110> want

well you know I've outlined how I want

well you know I've outlined how I want
to<00:32:14.440> handle<00:32:14.620> this<00:32:14.770> thing<00:32:14.830> mm-hmm<00:32:15.549> this<00:32:15.880> program

to handle this thing mm-hmm this program

to handle this thing mm-hmm this program
sure<00:32:16.600> I'm<00:32:17.110> already<00:32:17.830> there<00:32:18.399> telling<00:32:18.640> me<00:32:18.789> that

sure I'm already there telling me that

sure I'm already there telling me that
we're<00:32:19.120> getting<00:32:19.360> calls<00:32:19.539> from<00:32:19.809> Washington<00:32:20.409> DC<00:32:20.770> I

we're getting calls from Washington DC I

we're getting calls from Washington DC I
see<00:32:21.309> and<00:32:21.520> I<00:32:22.330> have<00:32:22.990> a<00:32:23.020> whole<00:32:23.350> lot<00:32:23.590> another

see and I have a whole lot another

see and I have a whole lot another
question<00:32:24.190> I<00:32:24.279> want<00:32:24.460> to<00:32:24.490> ask<00:32:25.049> but<00:32:26.049> I<00:32:26.140> think<00:32:26.350> we'll

question I want to ask but I think we'll

question I want to ask but I think we'll
take<00:32:26.620> a<00:32:26.679> call<00:32:27.010> from<00:32:27.700> Washington<00:32:27.960> for<00:32:28.960> the

take a call from Washington for the

take a call from Washington for the
people<00:32:29.380> you're<00:32:29.559> on<00:32:29.679> the<00:32:29.799> air<00:32:31.230> hello<00:32:32.230> isn't<00:32:32.919> it

people you're on the air hello isn't it

people you're on the air hello isn't it
true<00:32:34.390> that<00:32:34.809> the<00:32:35.559> mystery<00:32:36.039> of<00:32:36.250> Helen<00:32:36.640> of<00:32:36.760> Troy

true that the mystery of Helen of Troy

true that the mystery of Helen of Troy
has<00:32:37.480> never<00:32:37.780> really<00:32:38.080> been<00:32:38.260> solved<00:32:39.299> in<00:32:40.299> there

has never really been solved in there

has never really been solved in there
that<00:32:41.470> Troy<00:32:42.280> has<00:32:42.760> never<00:32:43.090> been<00:32:43.330> found<00:32:43.690> and<00:32:44.610> the

that Troy has never been found and the

that Troy has never been found and the
mystery<00:32:46.120> of<00:32:46.150> Agamemnon<00:32:46.990> and<00:32:47.410> the<00:32:47.559> the<00:32:48.280> troops

mystery of Agamemnon and the the troops

mystery of Agamemnon and the the troops
and<00:32:49.059> so<00:32:49.240> forth<00:32:49.570> and<00:32:49.840> the<00:32:49.960> invasions<00:32:50.679> has<00:32:51.460> never

and so forth and the invasions has never

and so forth and the invasions has never
really<00:32:52.179> been<00:32:52.360> solved<00:32:53.370> why<00:32:54.370> isn't<00:32:54.880> it<00:32:54.970> possible

really been solved why isn't it possible

really been solved why isn't it possible
that<00:32:56.220> that<00:32:57.220> whole<00:32:57.580> thing<00:32:58.030> could<00:32:58.540> have

that that whole thing could have

that that whole thing could have
revolved<00:32:59.410> around<00:32:59.920> and<00:33:00.840> African<00:33:01.840> experience

revolved around and African experience

revolved around and African experience
okay<00:33:04.900> can<00:33:05.679> you<00:33:05.710> give<00:33:05.890> us<00:33:05.980> some<00:33:06.130> background<00:33:06.160> on

okay can you give us some background on

okay can you give us some background on
that<00:33:06.610> and<00:33:07.090> answer<00:33:07.330> the<00:33:07.420> question<00:33:07.780> well<00:33:08.260> I

that and answer the question well I

that and answer the question well I
think<00:33:08.500> the<00:33:08.830> point<00:33:09.070> of<00:33:09.220> the<00:33:09.309> question<00:33:09.730> as<00:33:09.850> I

think the point of the question as I

think the point of the question as I
understand<00:33:10.360> it<00:33:10.540> was<00:33:10.990> that<00:33:11.160> sometimes<00:33:12.179> Greeks

understand it was that sometimes Greeks

understand it was that sometimes Greeks
myths<00:33:13.600> get<00:33:14.080> it<00:33:14.170> wrong<00:33:14.790> and<00:33:15.790> therefore<00:33:16.240> the

myths get it wrong and therefore the

myths get it wrong and therefore the
fact<00:33:16.480> that<00:33:16.600> the<00:33:16.720> Greeks<00:33:16.929> say<00:33:17.440> I<00:33:17.830> think

fact that the Greeks say I think

fact that the Greeks say I think
happened<00:33:18.640> doesn't<00:33:19.120> necessarily<00:33:19.809> make<00:33:20.020> it<00:33:20.050> so

happened doesn't necessarily make it so

happened doesn't necessarily make it so
Troy<00:33:22.480> is<00:33:23.050> a<00:33:23.559> debatable<00:33:24.280> subject<00:33:24.580> I<00:33:24.970> think<00:33:25.210> 90%

Troy is a debatable subject I think 90%

Troy is a debatable subject I think 90%
of<00:33:26.500> scholars<00:33:26.830> would<00:33:26.950> say<00:33:27.130> that<00:33:27.370> the<00:33:27.610> found<00:33:28.179> the

of scholars would say that the found the

of scholars would say that the found the
site<00:33:28.600> of<00:33:28.840> Troy<00:33:29.820> there's<00:33:30.820> some<00:33:31.150> difference<00:33:31.840> on

site of Troy there's some difference on

site of Troy there's some difference on
which<00:33:32.530> Troy<00:33:33.250> here<00:33:33.550> there<00:33:33.670> were<00:33:33.760> seven<00:33:34.240> cities

which Troy here there were seven cities

which Troy here there were seven cities
built<00:33:34.750> one<00:33:34.929> on<00:33:35.020> top<00:33:35.110> of<00:33:35.170> another<00:33:35.580> was<00:33:36.580> besieged

built one on top of another was besieged

built one on top of another was besieged
by<00:33:38.370> Agamemnon<00:33:39.370> and<00:33:39.610> it's<00:33:40.420> quite<00:33:40.630> clear<00:33:41.080> that

by Agamemnon and it's quite clear that

by Agamemnon and it's quite clear that
the<00:33:41.860> poet's<00:33:42.520> the<00:33:42.790> the<00:33:43.000> the<00:33:43.270> epic<00:33:43.630> poems<00:33:43.990> we

the poet's the the the epic poems we

the poet's the the the epic poems we
have<00:33:44.410> of<00:33:44.620> Homer<00:33:44.920> include<00:33:45.820> elements<00:33:46.330> from<00:33:46.840> a

have of Homer include elements from a

have of Homer include elements from a
number<00:33:47.350> of<00:33:47.380> different<00:33:47.470> periods<00:33:47.890> both<00:33:48.370> before

number of different periods both before

number of different periods both before
and<00:33:48.880> after<00:33:49.179> the<00:33:50.110> time<00:33:50.530> of<00:33:50.559> the<00:33:50.830> siege<00:33:51.040> of<00:33:51.070> Troy

and after the time of the siege of Troy

and after the time of the siege of Troy
about<00:33:51.550> 1200<00:33:52.270> BC<00:33:53.170> I<00:33:54.160> think<00:33:54.520> the<00:33:55.210> period<00:33:56.140> of

about 1200 BC I think the period of

about 1200 BC I think the period of
skepticism<00:33:57.130> about<00:33:57.309> the<00:33:57.760> Trojan<00:33:58.420> War<00:33:58.600> is<00:33:59.110> over

skepticism about the Trojan War is over

skepticism about the Trojan War is over
in<00:33:59.830> the<00:33:59.920> 1920s<00:34:00.550> and<00:34:00.610> 30s<00:34:00.670> you'd<00:34:01.210> get<00:34:01.360> a

in the 1920s and 30s you'd get a

in the 1920s and 30s you'd get a
significant<00:34:01.960> number<00:34:02.020> of<00:34:02.200> scholars<00:34:02.980> would<00:34:03.160> say

significant number of scholars would say

significant number of scholars would say
there<00:34:03.730> was<00:34:03.880> no<00:34:04.090> Trojan<00:34:04.480> War<00:34:04.660> it's<00:34:04.809> all

there was no Trojan War it's all

there was no Trojan War it's all
nonsense

nonsense

nonsense
the<00:34:05.950> tendency<00:34:06.640> now<00:34:06.820> and<00:34:07.240> I<00:34:07.929> suppose<00:34:08.139> I'm<00:34:08.290> part

the tendency now and I suppose I'm part

the tendency now and I suppose I'm part
of<00:34:08.649> it<00:34:08.770> is<00:34:09.330> to<00:34:10.330> take<00:34:10.980> stories<00:34:12.179> seriously<00:34:13.179> as

of it is to take stories seriously as

of it is to take stories seriously as
working<00:34:14.379> hypotheses<00:34:14.919> you<00:34:15.340> want<00:34:15.580> to<00:34:15.730> try<00:34:15.940> and

working hypotheses you want to try and

working hypotheses you want to try and
find<00:34:16.389> other<00:34:17.050> evidence<00:34:17.530> to<00:34:17.590> back<00:34:17.770> them<00:34:18.070> you

find other evidence to back them you

find other evidence to back them you
shouldn't<00:34:18.780> take<00:34:19.780> some<00:34:20.399> on<00:34:21.399> face<00:34:21.730> value

shouldn't take some on face value

shouldn't take some on face value
without<00:34:22.270> external<00:34:22.990> evidence<00:34:23.290> but<00:34:23.379> they're

without external evidence but they're

without external evidence but they're
very<00:34:23.800> useful<00:34:24.100> as<00:34:25.950> indicators<00:34:26.950> of<00:34:26.980> what

very useful as indicators of what

very useful as indicators of what
happened<00:34:27.580> and<00:34:27.669> in<00:34:27.760> fact<00:34:27.879> Sleeman<00:34:28.330> the

happened and in fact Sleeman the

happened and in fact Sleeman the
excavator<00:34:29.109> of<00:34:29.260> Troy<00:34:29.500> used<00:34:30.129> Homer<00:34:31.000> and<00:34:31.240> pass

excavator of Troy used Homer and pass

excavator of Troy used Homer and pass
Aeneas<00:34:31.929> a<00:34:32.109> Greek<00:34:32.290> guidebook<00:34:32.710> of<00:34:32.889> the<00:34:33.040> second

Aeneas a Greek guidebook of the second

Aeneas a Greek guidebook of the second
century<00:34:33.700> okay<00:34:34.030> now<00:34:34.359> for<00:34:34.419> the<00:34:34.629> person<00:34:34.810> sitting

century okay now for the person sitting

century okay now for the person sitting
home<00:34:35.379> who<00:34:35.560> didn't<00:34:35.859> go<00:34:35.919> to<00:34:35.950> Cornell<00:34:36.639> okay<00:34:37.119> I'm

home who didn't go to Cornell okay I'm

home who didn't go to Cornell okay I'm
sorry

sorry

sorry
what<00:34:37.899> is<00:34:37.990> the<00:34:38.080> significance<00:34:38.619> of<00:34:38.740> this<00:34:39.780> the

what is the significance of this the

what is the significance of this the
significance<00:34:41.290> of<00:34:41.379> it<00:34:41.500> is<00:34:41.619> that<00:34:41.950> the<00:34:42.070> Greeks<00:34:42.280> do

significance of it is that the Greeks do

significance of it is that the Greeks do
sometimes<00:34:42.940> get<00:34:43.389> historical<00:34:44.320> things<00:34:44.560> wrong

sometimes get historical things wrong

sometimes get historical things wrong
and<00:34:46.560> but<00:34:47.560> the<00:34:48.100> evidence<00:34:49.030> in<00:34:49.179> favor<00:34:49.450> of

and but the evidence in favor of

and but the evidence in favor of
Egyptian<00:34:51.100> and<00:34:51.220> Phoenician<00:34:51.760> settlement<00:34:52.659> I

Egyptian and Phoenician settlement I

Egyptian and Phoenician settlement I
mean<00:34:52.899> the<00:34:53.530> attestation

mean the attestation

mean the attestation
of<00:34:54.760> reports<00:34:55.750> of<00:34:55.929> Egyptian<00:34:56.710> and<00:34:56.829> finishin

of reports of Egyptian and finishin

of reports of Egyptian and finishin
settlement<00:34:57.460> is<00:34:57.520> so<00:34:57.760> widespread<00:34:58.030> among<00:34:58.750> the

settlement is so widespread among the

settlement is so widespread among the
later<00:34:59.530> Greeks<00:34:59.829> and<00:35:00.099> there<00:35:00.910> is<00:35:01.000> nothing<00:35:01.240> in<00:35:01.540> the

later Greeks and there is nothing in the

later Greeks and there is nothing in the
archaeological<00:35:02.290> record<00:35:02.910> against<00:35:03.910> it<00:35:04.030> and<00:35:04.150> I

archaeological record against it and I

archaeological record against it and I
think<00:35:04.299> in<00:35:04.540> fact<00:35:04.720> there<00:35:04.839> are<00:35:04.900> several<00:35:05.079> things

think in fact there are several things

think in fact there are several things
for<00:35:05.589> it<00:35:06.150> so<00:35:07.150> that<00:35:07.450> I<00:35:08.819> think<00:35:09.819> one<00:35:10.299> should<00:35:10.329> trust

for it so that I think one should trust

for it so that I think one should trust
the<00:35:11.500> Greeks<00:35:11.770> as<00:35:12.430> far<00:35:12.670> as<00:35:12.790> this<00:35:12.910> is<00:35:13.089> concerned

the Greeks as far as this is concerned

the Greeks as far as this is concerned
but<00:35:14.109> everything<00:35:14.589> I'm<00:35:14.710> saying<00:35:14.890> is<00:35:15.069> based<00:35:15.369> on

but everything I'm saying is based on

but everything I'm saying is based on
competitive<00:35:16.450> plausibility<00:35:17.109> it<00:35:17.500> rather<00:35:17.710> than

competitive plausibility it rather than

competitive plausibility it rather than
certainty<00:35:18.430> okay<00:35:19.059> well<00:35:19.240> let's<00:35:19.390> take<00:35:19.510> a<00:35:19.569> call

certainty okay well let's take a call

certainty okay well let's take a call
from<00:35:19.869> South<00:35:20.410> Carolina<00:35:20.619> for<00:35:21.190> the<00:35:22.000> people

from South Carolina for the people

from South Carolina for the people
you're<00:35:22.510> on<00:35:22.630> the<00:35:22.750> air<00:35:23.910> for<00:35:24.910> the<00:35:25.089> people<00:35:25.420> you're

you're on the air for the people you're

you're on the air for the people you're
on<00:35:25.720> the<00:35:25.839> air<00:35:28.020> all<00:35:29.020> right<00:35:29.079> you're<00:35:29.650> not<00:35:29.829> on<00:35:30.010> the

on the air all right you're not on the

on the air all right you're not on the
air<00:35:30.339> let's<00:35:31.089> talk<00:35:31.420> about<00:35:31.599> what<00:35:32.170> the<00:35:32.380> Greeks

air let's talk about what the Greeks

air let's talk about what the Greeks
learn<00:35:33.549> from<00:35:33.910> the<00:35:34.059> African<00:35:34.240> Egyptians

learn from the African Egyptians

learn from the African Egyptians
philosophy<00:35:36.760> could<00:35:37.390> you<00:35:37.510> give<00:35:37.660> us<00:35:37.809> some

philosophy could you give us some

philosophy could you give us some
specifics<00:35:38.650> in<00:35:38.770> there<00:35:39.329> well<00:35:41.849> it's<00:35:42.849> I<00:35:43.660> mean<00:35:44.170> the

specifics in there well it's I mean the

specifics in there well it's I mean the
one<00:35:44.589> thing<00:35:44.829> that<00:35:44.950> the<00:35:45.010> Greeks<00:35:45.190> all<00:35:45.369> attributed

one thing that the Greeks all attributed

one thing that the Greeks all attributed
to<00:35:46.030> the<00:35:46.180> Egyptians<00:35:46.930> was<00:35:47.170> the<00:35:47.349> invention<00:35:47.619> of

to the Egyptians was the invention of

to the Egyptians was the invention of
the<00:35:47.890> idea<00:35:48.099> of<00:35:48.130> the<00:35:48.250> soul<00:35:48.490> I'm<00:35:48.910> talking<00:35:49.240> about<00:35:49.270> a

the idea of the soul I'm talking about a

the idea of the soul I'm talking about a
theological<00:35:49.960> philosophical<00:35:51.059> concept<00:35:52.230> that

theological philosophical concept that

theological philosophical concept that
it<00:35:53.890> occurs<00:35:54.849> in<00:35:55.349> Socrates<00:35:56.349> as<00:35:56.559> portrayed<00:35:56.980> by

it occurs in Socrates as portrayed by

it occurs in Socrates as portrayed by
Plato<00:35:58.650> but<00:35:59.650> the<00:36:00.010> idea<00:36:00.309> of<00:36:00.369> a<00:36:00.460> soul<00:36:00.670> the<00:36:00.910> idea<00:36:00.940> of

Plato but the idea of a soul the idea of

Plato but the idea of a soul the idea of
metempsychosis<00:36:02.020> that<00:36:02.680> is<00:36:02.799> the<00:36:02.890> soul

metempsychosis that is the soul

metempsychosis that is the soul
traveling<00:36:03.460> from<00:36:03.579> one<00:36:03.730> body<00:36:04.089> to<00:36:04.299> another<00:36:04.500> is

traveling from one body to another is

traveling from one body to another is
clearly<00:36:05.859> around<00:36:06.339> at<00:36:06.670> least<00:36:06.940> in<00:36:07.240> late<00:36:07.950> Egyptian

clearly around at least in late Egyptian

clearly around at least in late Egyptian
thought<00:36:10.020> at<00:36:11.020> a<00:36:11.109> more<00:36:11.410> strictly<00:36:11.829> philosophical

thought at a more strictly philosophical

thought at a more strictly philosophical
level<00:36:13.000> you<00:36:13.780> seem<00:36:14.079> to<00:36:14.319> get<00:36:14.470> notions<00:36:15.220> of<00:36:15.520> an

level you seem to get notions of an

level you seem to get notions of an
ideal<00:36:16.599> world<00:36:16.930> of<00:36:17.609> numbers<00:36:18.609> and<00:36:18.849> of<00:36:19.059> pure

ideal world of numbers and of pure

ideal world of numbers and of pure
perpetual<00:36:20.970> beings<00:36:21.970> a<00:36:22.210> world<00:36:22.420> of<00:36:22.569> the<00:36:22.630> gods

perpetual beings a world of the gods

perpetual beings a world of the gods
which<00:36:23.589> involves<00:36:24.130> intellectual<00:36:24.490> concepts<00:36:24.940> as

which involves intellectual concepts as

which involves intellectual concepts as
opposed<00:36:25.480> to<00:36:25.720> the<00:36:25.839> world<00:36:25.990> of<00:36:26.140> becoming<00:36:26.500> a<00:36:26.710> world

opposed to the world of becoming a world

opposed to the world of becoming a world
in<00:36:27.130> which<00:36:27.160> things<00:36:27.520> grow<00:36:27.849> and<00:36:28.180> fade<00:36:28.390> and<00:36:28.720> grow

in which things grow and fade and grow

in which things grow and fade and grow
up<00:36:28.990> and<00:36:29.200> that<00:36:30.040> you<00:36:30.339> get<00:36:30.549> in<00:36:30.970> the<00:36:31.450> so-called<00:36:31.869> men

up and that you get in the so-called men

up and that you get in the so-called men
fight<00:36:32.260> theology<00:36:32.799> which<00:36:33.069> is<00:36:33.220> a<00:36:33.250> text<00:36:33.640> that

fight theology which is a text that

fight theology which is a text that
dates<00:36:34.000> back<00:36:34.089> to<00:36:35.579> 2700<00:36:36.579> BC<00:36:36.910> something<00:36:37.390> like

dates back to 2700 BC something like

dates back to 2700 BC something like
that<00:36:37.809> you<00:36:37.990> get<00:36:38.109> very<00:36:38.170> very<00:36:38.710> old<00:36:39.359> things<00:36:40.359> so<00:36:40.510> a

that you get very very old things so a

that you get very very old things so a
lot<00:36:40.869> of<00:36:41.069> metaphysics<00:36:42.069> that<00:36:42.130> I<00:36:42.520> think<00:36:42.970> you<00:36:43.299> can

lot of metaphysics that I think you can

lot of metaphysics that I think you can
trace<00:36:44.079> back<00:36:44.109> ok<00:36:44.980> let's<00:36:45.190> let's<00:36:45.670> take<00:36:45.970> some

trace back ok let's let's take some

trace back ok let's let's take some
spells<00:36:46.690> Washington<00:36:47.619> or<00:36:47.829> South<00:36:48.670> Carolina

spells Washington or South Carolina

spells Washington or South Carolina
you're<00:36:49.750> on<00:36:49.869> the<00:36:50.020> air<00:36:50.880> hello<00:36:51.880> you're<00:36:52.299> on<00:36:52.329> the

you're on the air hello you're on the

you're on the air hello you're on the
air

air

air
good<00:36:53.109> afternoon<00:36:53.410> how<00:36:53.680> are<00:36:53.890> you<00:36:54.010> fine<00:36:54.369> I'm<00:36:54.970> a

good afternoon how are you fine I'm a

good afternoon how are you fine I'm a
student<00:36:55.420> on<00:36:55.930> Universal<00:36:56.530> South<00:36:56.680> Carolina<00:36:57.099> and

student on Universal South Carolina and

student on Universal South Carolina and
I'm<00:36:57.940> in<00:36:58.059> the<00:36:58.180> art<00:36:58.450> department

my question was that what could I could

my question was that what could I could
attain<00:37:03.340> a<00:37:03.760> book<00:37:04.300> with<00:37:04.630> some<00:37:04.990> of<00:37:05.080> the

attain a book with some of the

attain a book with some of the
information<00:37:05.740> that<00:37:06.430> the<00:37:06.760> receiver<00:37:07.270> is<00:37:07.390> talking

information that the receiver is talking

information that the receiver is talking
about<00:37:07.810> I<00:37:08.290> did<00:37:08.890> take<00:37:09.160> our<00:37:09.400> history<00:37:09.820> which<00:37:10.090> some

about I did take our history which some

about I did take our history which some
of<00:37:10.510> the<00:37:10.720> young<00:37:10.990> dynasties<00:37:11.680> that<00:37:11.710> he's<00:37:12.130> talking

of the young dynasties that he's talking

of the young dynasties that he's talking
about<00:37:12.660> was<00:37:13.660> fully<00:37:14.110> covering<00:37:14.620> the<00:37:15.460> instructor

about was fully covering the instructor

about was fully covering the instructor
that<00:37:15.940> they<00:37:16.090> haven't<00:37:16.350> universal<00:37:17.350> Allen<00:37:17.620> is

that they haven't universal Allen is

that they haven't universal Allen is
it's<00:37:18.250> very<00:37:18.340> good<00:37:18.790> I<00:37:18.820> enjoyed<00:37:19.120> this<00:37:19.450> class<00:37:19.720> and

it's very good I enjoyed this class and

it's very good I enjoyed this class and
everything<00:37:20.230> and<00:37:20.980> but<00:37:21.580> you<00:37:21.880> know<00:37:21.940> I<00:37:22.180> just<00:37:22.210> would

everything and but you know I just would

everything and but you know I just would
like<00:37:22.840> to<00:37:23.110> do<00:37:23.830> some<00:37:24.070> type<00:37:24.610> of<00:37:24.790> research<00:37:25.150> on<00:37:25.450> my

like to do some type of research on my

like to do some type of research on my
own<00:37:26.670> well<00:37:27.670> thank<00:37:27.910> you<00:37:28.030> we<00:37:28.180> got<00:37:28.210> you<00:37:28.560> well<00:37:29.560> I

own well thank you we got you well I

own well thank you we got you well I
don't<00:37:30.280> know<00:37:30.340> how<00:37:30.460> much<00:37:30.580> help<00:37:30.760> it'll<00:37:31.060> be<00:37:31.180> in<00:37:31.360> art

don't know how much help it'll be in art

don't know how much help it'll be in art
history<00:37:31.720> specifically<00:37:32.680> I<00:37:32.830> mean<00:37:33.070> my<00:37:33.760> book

history specifically I mean my book

history specifically I mean my book
black<00:37:34.360> Athena<00:37:34.720> this<00:37:35.020> is<00:37:35.140> the<00:37:35.290> American

black Athena this is the American

black Athena this is the American
edition<00:37:36.430> which<00:37:36.550> is<00:37:36.670> coming<00:37:36.850> out<00:37:37.000> next<00:37:37.210> month

edition which is coming out next month

edition which is coming out next month
deals<00:37:38.920> with<00:37:39.280> the<00:37:39.430> subject<00:37:39.610> as<00:37:40.030> a<00:37:40.090> whole<00:37:40.950> if<00:37:41.950> you

deals with the subject as a whole if you

deals with the subject as a whole if you
look<00:37:42.400> in<00:37:42.760> the<00:37:43.020> american<00:37:44.020> journal<00:37:44.290> of

look in the american journal of

look in the american journal of
archaeology<00:37:44.620> in<00:37:45.370> the<00:37:45.840> early<00:37:46.840> eighties<00:37:47.320> there

archaeology in the early eighties there

archaeology in the early eighties there
are<00:37:48.220> a<00:37:48.250> couple<00:37:48.520> of<00:37:48.730> articles<00:37:48.970> which<00:37:49.540> i<00:37:49.720> find

are a couple of articles which i find

are a couple of articles which i find
very<00:37:50.020> interesting<00:37:50.320> which<00:37:50.740> are<00:37:50.860> computerized

very interesting which are computerized

very interesting which are computerized
studies<00:37:51.940> of<00:37:52.290> the<00:37:53.290> kuroi<00:37:53.680> the<00:37:54.130> earliest<00:37:54.670> Greek

studies of the kuroi the earliest Greek

studies of the kuroi the earliest Greek
statues<00:37:56.130> now<00:37:57.130> for<00:37:57.850> many<00:37:58.030> years<00:37:59.490> these<00:38:00.490> are<00:38:00.550> the

statues now for many years these are the

statues now for many years these are the
basis<00:38:01.180> of<00:38:01.300> Greek<00:38:01.660> figurative<00:38:02.530> sculpture<00:38:03.310> for

basis of Greek figurative sculpture for

basis of Greek figurative sculpture for
many<00:38:03.970> years<00:38:04.270> scholars<00:38:04.660> have<00:38:04.780> noticed<00:38:05.110> that

many years scholars have noticed that

many years scholars have noticed that
they<00:38:05.560> have<00:38:05.770> resemblances<00:38:06.490> to<00:38:06.730> Egyptian

they have resemblances to Egyptian

they have resemblances to Egyptian
figures<00:38:08.050> in<00:38:08.260> their<00:38:08.470> hairstyle<00:38:09.010> the<00:38:09.580> fact<00:38:09.790> that

figures in their hairstyle the fact that

figures in their hairstyle the fact that
they<00:38:10.000> put<00:38:10.180> the<00:38:10.270> left<00:38:10.450> foot<00:38:10.660> forward<00:38:10.960> but<00:38:11.560> these

they put the left foot forward but these

they put the left foot forward but these
were<00:38:11.950> felt<00:38:12.250> just<00:38:12.430> to<00:38:12.520> be<00:38:12.610> things<00:38:12.850> that<00:38:12.940> sculpt

were felt just to be things that sculpt

were felt just to be things that sculpt
us<00:38:13.570> could<00:38:13.750> have<00:38:13.840> picked<00:38:13.990> up<00:38:14.140> on<00:38:14.320> a<00:38:14.380> quick<00:38:14.590> visit

us could have picked up on a quick visit

us could have picked up on a quick visit
to<00:38:15.640> Egypt

to Egypt

to Egypt
however<00:38:17.050> these<00:38:17.140> recent<00:38:17.590> studies<00:38:17.950> are<00:38:18.250> showing

however these recent studies are showing

however these recent studies are showing
by<00:38:18.940> computerized<00:38:19.510> study<00:38:20.350> of<00:38:20.590> the<00:38:20.800> proportions

by computerized study of the proportions

by computerized study of the proportions
of<00:38:22.000> the<00:38:22.120> limbs<00:38:22.360> to<00:38:22.960> each<00:38:23.080> other<00:38:23.320> the<00:38:23.530> head<00:38:23.740> to

of the limbs to each other the head to

of the limbs to each other the head to
the<00:38:23.980> body<00:38:24.160> things<00:38:24.520> like<00:38:24.700> that<00:38:24.940> that<00:38:25.540> Greek

the body things like that that Greek

the body things like that that Greek
must<00:38:27.310> have<00:38:27.520> studied<00:38:27.940> in<00:38:28.480> Egyptian<00:38:29.440> Studios<00:38:30.150> to

must have studied in Egyptian Studios to

must have studied in Egyptian Studios to
do<00:38:31.300> this<00:38:31.510> that<00:38:31.870> there's<00:38:32.710> no<00:38:32.830> way<00:38:32.950> you<00:38:33.010> could

do this that there's no way you could

do this that there's no way you could
casually<00:38:33.700> pick<00:38:34.180> up<00:38:34.360> they<00:38:34.510> were<00:38:34.570> following<00:38:34.930> the

casually pick up they were following the

casually pick up they were following the
second<00:38:35.470> Egyptian<00:38:35.890> canon<00:38:36.550> of<00:38:37.080> sculpture<00:38:38.080> so

second Egyptian canon of sculpture so

second Egyptian canon of sculpture so
they're<00:38:38.380> very<00:38:38.590> precise<00:38:38.980> borrowings<00:38:39.430> this<00:38:39.640> is

they're very precise borrowings this is

they're very precise borrowings this is
dealing<00:38:40.720> with<00:38:40.810> the<00:38:40.930> sixth<00:38:41.170> century<00:38:41.350> okay<00:38:41.680> so

dealing with the sixth century okay so

dealing with the sixth century okay so
there<00:38:42.340> are<00:38:42.430> particular<00:38:42.850> things<00:38:43.060> in<00:38:43.510> art

there are particular things in art

there are particular things in art
history<00:38:44.620> which<00:38:45.070> I<00:38:45.190> think<00:38:45.370> of<00:38:45.460> very<00:38:45.610> much

history which I think of very much

history which I think of very much
worthwhile<00:38:46.030> following<00:38:46.810> up<00:38:46.960> okay<00:38:47.560> let's<00:38:47.800> take

worthwhile following up okay let's take

worthwhile following up okay let's take
our<00:38:48.250> quick<00:38:48.790> call<00:38:49.000> from<00:38:49.360> the<00:38:49.540> Washington

our quick call from the Washington

our quick call from the Washington
Greater<00:38:50.500> Washington<00:38:50.710> area<00:38:51.130> for<00:38:52.090> the<00:38:52.210> people

Greater Washington area for the people

Greater Washington area for the people
you're<00:38:52.630> on<00:38:52.720> the<00:38:52.840> air<00:38:54.240> you're<00:38:55.240> on<00:38:55.390> the<00:38:55.540> air

have we ever heard of a history about

have we ever heard of a history about
our<00:39:15.030> ancestors<00:39:15.869> our<00:39:16.640> our<00:39:17.640> meaning<00:39:18.150> what<00:39:18.690> our

our ancestors our our meaning what our

our ancestors our our meaning what our
ancestors<00:39:21.980> Africans<00:39:22.980> what<00:39:23.430> are<00:39:23.520> you<00:39:23.609> talking

ancestors Africans what are you talking

ancestors Africans what are you talking
about<00:39:41.150> okay<00:39:42.150> thank<00:39:42.569> you<00:39:42.630> very<00:39:42.809> much<00:39:43.079> all<00:39:43.950> right

about okay thank you very much all right

about okay thank you very much all right
I<00:39:44.250> don't<00:39:44.460> know<00:39:45.180> which<00:39:45.480> book<00:39:45.809> you're<00:39:46.319> referring

I don't know which book you're referring

I don't know which book you're referring
to<00:39:46.799> I<00:39:47.460> mean<00:39:48.150> the<00:39:48.270> standard<00:39:49.250> histories<00:39:50.250> of

to I mean the standard histories of

to I mean the standard histories of
mankind<00:39:50.819> now<00:39:51.240> are<00:39:51.480> those<00:39:51.660> by<00:39:51.809> Richard<00:39:52.109> Leakey

mankind now are those by Richard Leakey

mankind now are those by Richard Leakey
talk<00:39:53.069> about<00:39:53.460> the<00:39:53.849> African<00:39:54.329> origin<00:39:54.690> of<00:39:54.780> mankind

talk about the African origin of mankind

talk about the African origin of mankind
and<00:39:55.710> therefore<00:39:55.920> the<00:39:56.220> first<00:39:56.369> Europeans<00:39:56.940> like

and therefore the first Europeans like

and therefore the first Europeans like
the<00:39:57.180> first<00:39:57.329> everyone<00:39:57.630> else<00:39:57.780> came<00:39:58.170> from<00:39:58.559> Africa

the first everyone else came from Africa

the first everyone else came from Africa
and<00:39:59.490> there<00:40:00.390> are<00:40:00.510> some<00:40:00.900> interesting<00:40:01.349> old<00:40:01.859> Stone

and there are some interesting old Stone

and there are some interesting old Stone
Age<00:40:02.430> figures<00:40:03.230> of<00:40:04.230> women<00:40:05.220> which<00:40:05.880> look<00:40:06.329> very

Age figures of women which look very

Age figures of women which look very
African<00:40:07.619> the<00:40:08.250> Journal<00:40:08.970> of<00:40:09.240> General<00:40:10.020> of

African the Journal of General of

African the Journal of General of
African<00:40:10.529> civilizations<00:40:11.220> did<00:40:11.400> a<00:40:11.460> special

African civilizations did a special

African civilizations did a special
issue<00:40:11.970> on<00:40:13.250> Africans<00:40:14.250> in<00:40:14.490> Europe<00:40:14.940> in<00:40:15.539> the<00:40:16.339> came

issue on Africans in Europe in the came

issue on Africans in Europe in the came
out<00:40:17.520> lost<00:40:17.849> no<00:40:18.299> came<00:40:18.450> out<00:40:18.569> in<00:40:18.660> 1985<00:40:19.730> and<00:40:20.730> that

out lost no came out in 1985 and that

out lost no came out in 1985 and that
has<00:40:21.119> some<00:40:21.299> interesting<00:40:21.539> material<00:40:21.900> in<00:40:22.829> it<00:40:23.039> on

has some interesting material in it on

has some interesting material in it on
that<00:40:23.579> subject<00:40:24.059> but<00:40:25.049> I<00:40:25.109> Fred<00:40:25.529> I<00:40:25.619> don't<00:40:25.829> know<00:40:25.980> the

that subject but I Fred I don't know the

that subject but I Fred I don't know the
exact<00:40:26.670> book<00:40:26.819> you're<00:40:27.029> referring<00:40:27.450> to<00:40:27.480> okay

exact book you're referring to okay

exact book you're referring to okay
in<00:40:28.950> the<00:40:29.460> area<00:40:29.670> of<00:40:29.730> science<00:40:30.000> what<00:40:30.480> did<00:40:30.630> the

in the area of science what did the

in the area of science what did the
Greeks<00:40:30.930> get<00:40:31.170> from<00:40:31.380> the<00:40:31.500> Africans<00:40:31.980> in<00:40:32.069> Egypt

Greeks get from the Africans in Egypt

Greeks get from the Africans in Egypt
briefly<00:40:34.349> if<00:40:34.589> you're<00:40:34.740> greatly<00:40:34.980> okay<00:40:35.609> well<00:40:35.970> I

briefly if you're greatly okay well I

briefly if you're greatly okay well I
think<00:40:36.270> you<00:40:36.359> would<00:40:36.480> believe<00:40:36.660> we<00:40:36.960> have<00:40:37.109> about<00:40:37.319> 15

think you would believe we have about 15

think you would believe we have about 15
minutes<00:40:38.039> later<00:40:39.470> and<00:40:41.569> I<00:40:42.569> think<00:40:42.990> Archimedes

minutes later and I think Archimedes

minutes later and I think Archimedes
screw<00:40:43.829> which<00:40:44.730> is<00:40:44.760> a<00:40:45.119> mechanical<00:40:46.079> way<00:40:46.200> of

screw which is a mechanical way of

screw which is a mechanical way of
raising<00:40:46.710> water<00:40:47.400> that<00:40:47.849> a<00:40:48.539> whole<00:40:49.470> lot<00:40:49.680> of

raising water that a whole lot of

raising water that a whole lot of
irrigation<00:40:50.849> techniques<00:40:51.539> seem<00:40:52.170> to<00:40:52.349> have<00:40:52.470> come

irrigation techniques seem to have come

irrigation techniques seem to have come
from<00:40:53.400> Egypt<00:40:53.819> and<00:40:56.569> medicine<00:40:57.569> there's<00:40:58.170> no

from Egypt and medicine there's no

from Egypt and medicine there's no
question<00:40:58.890> that<00:40:58.920> the<00:40:59.450> Hippocratic<00:41:00.450> texts<00:41:01.289> of

question that the Hippocratic texts of

question that the Hippocratic texts of
Greek<00:41:02.099> medicine<00:41:02.430> are<00:41:02.670> very<00:41:03.180> strongly

Greek medicine are very strongly

Greek medicine are very strongly
influenced<00:41:04.470> by<00:41:04.529> Egyptian<00:41:05.220> medical<00:41:05.549> times

influenced by Egyptian medical times

influenced by Egyptian medical times
wasn't<00:41:05.940> Epocrates<00:41:06.480> the<00:41:06.779> father<00:41:06.990> of<00:41:07.170> medicine

wasn't Epocrates the father of medicine

wasn't Epocrates the father of medicine
that's<00:41:07.890> what<00:41:08.099> we're<00:41:08.250> always<00:41:08.430> told<00:41:08.700> yeah

that's what we're always told yeah

that's what we're always told yeah
uh-huh

uh-huh

uh-huh
but<00:41:09.809> there's<00:41:10.500> no<00:41:10.740> doubt<00:41:11.039> that<00:41:11.069> even<00:41:11.970> you<00:41:12.299> know

but there's no doubt that even you know

but there's no doubt that even you know
some<00:41:12.750> some<00:41:12.960> formula<00:41:13.440> are<00:41:13.650> the<00:41:13.799> same<00:41:14.039> in

some some formula are the same in

some some formula are the same in
the<00:41:14.750> treatment<00:41:15.140> that<00:41:15.260> there's<00:41:15.410> a<00:41:15.470> very<00:41:15.680> very

the treatment that there's a very very

the treatment that there's a very very
substantial<00:41:16.310> Egyptian<00:41:17.060> influence<00:41:17.450> in<00:41:17.630> the

substantial Egyptian influence in the

substantial Egyptian influence in the
Greek<00:41:18.380> medical<00:41:19.510> line<00:41:20.510> so<00:41:21.170> that<00:41:21.200> in

Greek medical line so that in

Greek medical line so that in
architecture<00:41:22.190> of<00:41:22.280> course<00:41:22.490> is<00:41:22.640> this<00:41:23.210> actually

architecture of course is this actually

architecture of course is this actually
we<00:41:23.690> might<00:41:23.870> share<00:41:24.500> okay<00:41:24.800> for<00:41:24.950> the<00:41:25.040> slide<00:41:25.250> so<00:41:25.490> I

we might share okay for the slide so I

we might share okay for the slide so I
didn't<00:41:25.760> get<00:41:25.850> back<00:41:26.030> to<00:41:26.240> the<00:41:26.360> Parthenon

didn't get back to the Parthenon

didn't get back to the Parthenon
now<00:41:28.820> where<00:41:29.060> do<00:41:29.120> you<00:41:29.180> think<00:41:29.300> this<00:41:29.510> is<00:41:29.890> actually

now where do you think this is actually

now where do you think this is actually
it<00:41:31.670> comes<00:41:32.000> from<00:41:32.210> Sakura<00:41:32.600> in<00:41:33.040> Egypt<00:41:34.240> beautiful

it comes from Sakura in Egypt beautiful

it comes from Sakura in Egypt beautiful
fluted<00:41:35.570> columns<00:41:36.160> which<00:41:37.160> were<00:41:37.400> built<00:41:37.850> over

fluted columns which were built over

fluted columns which were built over
2,000<00:41:39.830> years<00:41:40.070> before<00:41:40.430> the<00:41:41.000> Parthenon<00:41:41.600> and<00:41:42.250> you

2,000 years before the Parthenon and you

2,000 years before the Parthenon and you
get<00:41:44.080> that's<00:41:45.080> a<00:41:45.260> later<00:41:45.910> style<00:41:46.910> but<00:41:47.720> let's<00:41:48.110> see

get that's a later style but let's see

get that's a later style but let's see
if<00:41:48.260> we<00:41:48.790> get<00:41:49.870> back<00:41:50.870> to<00:41:51.140> those<00:41:51.340> here<00:41:52.340> again<00:41:52.580> you

if we get back to those here again you

if we get back to those here again you
get<00:41:52.850> very<00:41:53.060> elegant<00:41:53.630> Egyptian<00:41:54.620> columns<00:41:55.370> so

get very elegant Egyptian columns so

get very elegant Egyptian columns so
architectural<00:41:56.420> II<00:41:56.480> as<00:41:56.690> well<00:41:56.720> as<00:41:56.900> artistically

architectural II as well as artistically

architectural II as well as artistically
there's<00:41:57.830> no<00:41:57.950> doubt<00:41:58.250> that<00:41:59.500> Egypt<00:42:00.500> had<00:42:00.680> a<00:42:00.710> very

there's no doubt that Egypt had a very

there's no doubt that Egypt had a very
profound<00:42:01.280> effect<00:42:01.550> a<00:42:01.970> number<00:42:02.570> of<00:42:02.660> scholars

profound effect a number of scholars

profound effect a number of scholars
will<00:42:03.290> still<00:42:03.560> try<00:42:03.800> and<00:42:03.830> say<00:42:04.130> that<00:42:04.400> the<00:42:04.930> Egyptian

will still try and say that the Egyptian

will still try and say that the Egyptian
columns<00:42:08.360> had<00:42:08.600> no<00:42:08.780> influence<00:42:09.230> on<00:42:09.590> the<00:42:09.890> fact

columns had no influence on the fact

columns had no influence on the fact
that<00:42:10.160> the<00:42:10.280> Greeks<00:42:10.460> produce<00:42:10.730> very<00:42:10.940> much<00:42:11.120> the

that the Greeks produce very much the

that the Greeks produce very much the
same<00:42:11.390> thing<00:42:11.860> and<00:42:12.860> this<00:42:12.980> is<00:42:13.160> not<00:42:13.310> to<00:42:13.460> deny<00:42:13.580> the

same thing and this is not to deny the

same thing and this is not to deny the
exquisite<00:42:14.210> beauty<00:42:14.840> of<00:42:15.080> Greek<00:42:15.770> architecture

exquisite beauty of Greek architecture

exquisite beauty of Greek architecture
but<00:42:17.030> it<00:42:17.150> is<00:42:17.270> very<00:42:17.480> closely<00:42:18.290> related<00:42:19.010> to<00:42:19.370> that

but it is very closely related to that

but it is very closely related to that
of<00:42:19.670> Egypt<00:42:19.970> in<00:42:20.090> fact<00:42:20.270> the<00:42:20.330> one<00:42:20.450> thing<00:42:20.630> lacking

of Egypt in fact the one thing lacking

of Egypt in fact the one thing lacking
in<00:42:21.170> Egyptian<00:42:21.530> architecture<00:42:21.740> is<00:42:22.280> the<00:42:22.310> arch<00:42:22.630> and

in Egyptian architecture is the arch and

in Egyptian architecture is the arch and
that's<00:42:23.780> lacking<00:42:24.110> in<00:42:24.230> Greek<00:42:24.380> architecture<00:42:24.770> -

that's lacking in Greek architecture -

that's lacking in Greek architecture -
okay<00:42:25.910> okay<00:42:26.630> this<00:42:27.140> question<00:42:27.550> and<00:42:28.550> all<00:42:28.670> that<00:42:28.880> you

okay okay this question and all that you

okay okay this question and all that you
have<00:42:29.090> said<00:42:29.270> about<00:42:29.540> what<00:42:29.780> the<00:42:29.930> Greeks<00:42:30.200> got<00:42:30.980> from

have said about what the Greeks got from

have said about what the Greeks got from
the<00:42:31.820> Africans<00:42:32.360> in<00:42:32.480> Egypt<00:42:32.900> this<00:42:33.470> question<00:42:34.010> what

the Africans in Egypt this question what

the Africans in Egypt this question what
is<00:42:34.910> classical<00:42:35.720> and<00:42:35.960> what<00:42:36.290> is<00:42:36.440> classical<00:42:37.070> about

is classical and what is classical about

is classical and what is classical about
Greek<00:42:37.970> civilization<00:42:39.070> well<00:42:40.070> classical<00:42:40.580> is<00:42:40.760> is

Greek civilization well classical is is

Greek civilization well classical is is
an<00:42:41.210> interesting<00:42:41.660> term<00:42:42.310> it's<00:42:43.310> often<00:42:43.730> used<00:42:43.940> to

an interesting term it's often used to

an interesting term it's often used to
mean<00:42:44.390> standard<00:42:45.260> the<00:42:46.190> model<00:42:46.580> and<00:42:46.850> the<00:42:47.720> 19th

mean standard the model and the 19th

mean standard the model and the 19th
century<00:42:48.260> the<00:42:48.350> model<00:42:48.560> of<00:42:48.650> excellence<00:42:48.770> to<00:42:49.100> which

century the model of excellence to which

century the model of excellence to which
all<00:42:49.610> of<00:42:49.850> us<00:42:49.970> should<00:42:50.570> strive<00:42:51.200> and<00:42:51.650> by<00:42:52.340> us<00:42:52.550> it

all of us should strive and by us it

all of us should strive and by us it
tended<00:42:53.150> to<00:42:53.180> mean<00:42:53.590> Europeans<00:42:54.590> because<00:42:54.890> only

tended to mean Europeans because only

tended to mean Europeans because only
Europeans<00:42:56.270> had<00:42:56.360> reached<00:42:56.510> this<00:42:56.690> high<00:42:56.870> standard

Europeans had reached this high standard

Europeans had reached this high standard
and<00:42:57.320> early<00:42:57.470> Europeans<00:42:57.860> could<00:42:58.040> reach<00:42:58.280> this

and early Europeans could reach this

and early Europeans could reach this
high<00:42:59.150> standard<00:42:59.210> except<00:42:59.900> for<00:43:00.050> a<00:43:00.080> very<00:43:00.110> few

high standard except for a very few

high standard except for a very few
lucky<00:43:01.300> Asians<00:43:02.300> and<00:43:02.420> Africans<00:43:02.510> who<00:43:03.050> could

lucky Asians and Africans who could

lucky Asians and Africans who could
assimilate<00:43:05.000> thoroughly<00:43:05.750> enough<00:43:05.930> to<00:43:06.290> take<00:43:06.800> on

assimilate thoroughly enough to take on

assimilate thoroughly enough to take on
European<00:43:07.370> civilization<00:43:08.710> so<00:43:09.710> that<00:43:09.980> that<00:43:10.460> was

European civilization so that that was

European civilization so that that was
the<00:43:10.940> classical<00:43:11.810> image<00:43:12.410> I've<00:43:12.860> been<00:43:13.190> using<00:43:13.460> the

the classical image I've been using the

the classical image I've been using the
term<00:43:13.940> in<00:43:14.420> the<00:43:14.780> way<00:43:14.900> it's<00:43:15.080> used<00:43:15.260> in<00:43:15.500> history<00:43:16.130> as

term in the way it's used in history as

term in the way it's used in history as
the<00:43:16.430> Greeks<00:43:17.240> of<00:43:17.540> the<00:43:17.800> period<00:43:18.800> from<00:43:19.480> 500<00:43:20.480> to<00:43:20.690> 300

the Greeks of the period from 500 to 300

the Greeks of the period from 500 to 300
BC<00:43:22.360> which<00:43:23.360> is<00:43:23.390> a<00:43:23.510> high<00:43:23.720> Classical<00:43:24.530> period<00:43:24.710> from

BC which is a high Classical period from

BC which is a high Classical period from
which<00:43:25.610> most<00:43:26.240> of<00:43:26.570> the<00:43:26.750> Greek<00:43:26.900> literature<00:43:27.260> we

which most of the Greek literature we

which most of the Greek literature we
comes<00:43:28.580> and<00:43:29.030> the<00:43:29.300> most<00:43:29.480> of<00:43:29.630> the<00:43:29.690> architecture

comes and the most of the architecture

comes and the most of the architecture
likes<00:43:30.380> a<00:43:30.530> path<00:43:30.710> non<00:43:30.950> comes<00:43:31.550> from<00:43:31.730> this<00:43:31.850> period

likes a path non comes from this period

likes a path non comes from this period
it's<00:43:32.240> it's<00:43:32.390> a<00:43:32.450> high<00:43:32.630> point<00:43:33.020> of<00:43:33.260> Greek

it's it's a high point of Greek

it's it's a high point of Greek
civilization<00:43:34.670> it's<00:43:34.850> then<00:43:35.000> used<00:43:35.300> for<00:43:35.840> Rome<00:43:36.170> in

civilization it's then used for Rome in

civilization it's then used for Rome in
its<00:43:36.980> high<00:43:37.220> points<00:43:37.580> ok<00:43:38.030> let's<00:43:38.240> go<00:43:38.360> back<00:43:38.390> to<00:43:38.660> a

its high points ok let's go back to a

its high points ok let's go back to a
call<00:43:38.990> from<00:43:39.200> the<00:43:39.410> Greater<00:43:39.980> Washington<00:43:40.220> DC<00:43:40.850> area

call from the Greater Washington DC area

call from the Greater Washington DC area
for<00:43:41.600> the<00:43:41.720> people<00:43:42.050> you're<00:43:42.230> on<00:43:42.350> the<00:43:42.500> air<00:43:42.620> good

for the people you're on the air good

for the people you're on the air good
evening<00:43:43.100> hello<00:43:44.830> could<00:43:45.830> you<00:43:45.860> talk<00:43:46.340> about<00:43:46.370> the

evening hello could you talk about the

evening hello could you talk about the
acceptance<00:43:47.630> of<00:43:47.810> the<00:43:48.340> ancient<00:43:49.340> model<00:43:49.640> and

acceptance of the ancient model and

acceptance of the ancient model and
who's<00:43:50.840> going<00:43:51.050> to<00:43:51.350> and<00:43:51.500> who's<00:43:51.650> now<00:43:52.070> going<00:43:52.280> to

who's going to and who's now going to

who's going to and who's now going to
accept<00:43:52.850> it<00:43:52.970> any<00:43:53.420> personal<00:43:53.900> problems<00:43:54.080> you've

accept it any personal problems you've

accept it any personal problems you've
encountered<00:43:55.120> well<00:43:56.120> I<00:43:56.540> was<00:43:57.140> working<00:43:57.500> on<00:43:57.590> this

encountered well I was working on this

encountered well I was working on this
explain<00:43:58.370> the<00:43:58.550> ancient<00:43:58.850> model<00:43:59.060> well<00:43:59.720> the

explain the ancient model well the

explain the ancient model well the
ancient<00:43:59.960> model<00:44:00.230> I<00:44:00.320> think<00:44:00.350> I<00:44:00.560> have<00:44:00.770> explained

ancient model I think I have explained

ancient model I think I have explained
it<00:44:01.400> is<00:44:01.580> the<00:44:01.730> way<00:44:01.880> in<00:44:02.330> which<00:44:02.870> the<00:44:03.170> Greeks

it is the way in which the Greeks

it is the way in which the Greeks
perceived<00:44:03.980> their<00:44:04.190> own<00:44:04.310> past<00:44:04.580> as<00:44:04.760> being

perceived their own past as being

perceived their own past as being
influenced<00:44:05.390> by<00:44:05.470> Egypt<00:44:06.470> and<00:44:06.710> Phoenicia<00:44:07.430> and

influenced by Egypt and Phoenicia and

influenced by Egypt and Phoenicia and
for<00:44:09.710> nine<00:44:10.100> years<00:44:11.110> I<00:44:12.430> was<00:44:13.430> more<00:44:13.730> or<00:44:13.880> less<00:44:13.940> on<00:44:14.270> my

for nine years I was more or less on my

for nine years I was more or less on my
own<00:44:14.600> although<00:44:14.960> I<00:44:14.990> got<00:44:15.200> some<00:44:15.440> support<00:44:15.680> from<00:44:15.890> the

own although I got some support from the

own although I got some support from the
black<00:44:16.730> community<00:44:17.270> on<00:44:17.900> this<00:44:18.430> in<00:44:19.430> the<00:44:20.090> last<00:44:20.300> year

black community on this in the last year

black community on this in the last year
the<00:44:21.080> situation<00:44:21.260> has<00:44:21.680> transformed<00:44:22.190> radically

the situation has transformed radically

the situation has transformed radically
that<00:44:23.660> a<00:44:23.990> small<00:44:24.770> press<00:44:25.100> in<00:44:25.490> England<00:44:26.360> brought

that a small press in England brought

that a small press in England brought
out<00:44:27.110> black<00:44:27.860> Athena<00:44:28.340> and<00:44:28.690> it<00:44:29.690> has<00:44:29.900> been<00:44:30.080> very

out black Athena and it has been very

out black Athena and it has been very
widely<00:44:30.830> reviewed<00:44:31.670> in<00:44:32.090> England<00:44:32.980> and<00:44:33.980> a

widely reviewed in England and a

widely reviewed in England and a
surprising<00:44:35.360> number<00:44:35.510> of<00:44:35.720> the<00:44:35.870> reviews<00:44:36.140> have

surprising number of the reviews have

surprising number of the reviews have
been<00:44:36.410> favorable<00:44:36.800> and<00:44:37.720> none<00:44:38.720> except<00:44:39.650> for<00:44:39.770> one

been favorable and none except for one

been favorable and none except for one
Trotskyist<00:44:40.400> paper<00:44:40.580> which<00:44:40.760> said<00:44:40.880> I<00:44:40.910> wasn't

Trotskyist paper which said I wasn't

Trotskyist paper which said I wasn't
Marxist<00:44:41.540> enough<00:44:41.810> have<00:44:42.350> been<00:44:43.000> unfavorable

Marxist enough have been unfavorable

Marxist enough have been unfavorable
okay<00:44:45.050> don't<00:44:45.230> let<00:44:45.410> me<00:44:45.530> to<00:44:45.860> break<00:44:46.070> in<00:44:46.280> there<00:44:46.460> you

okay don't let me to break in there you

okay don't let me to break in there you
said<00:44:46.850> that<00:44:48.040> you<00:44:49.040> got<00:44:49.250> support<00:44:50.060> from<00:44:50.360> scholars

said that you got support from scholars

said that you got support from scholars
in<00:44:51.530> the<00:44:51.620> black<00:44:51.830> community<00:44:52.340> I<00:44:52.490> think<00:44:53.390> it<00:44:53.510> it

in the black community I think it it

in the black community I think it it
should<00:44:54.020> be<00:44:54.200> said<00:44:54.470> that<00:44:54.500> there<00:44:55.310> were<00:44:55.430> a<00:44:55.460> number

should be said that there were a number

should be said that there were a number
of<00:44:56.180> scholars<00:44:56.630> black<00:44:56.870> scholars<00:44:57.350> who<00:44:57.950> were<00:44:58.070> out

of scholars black scholars who were out

of scholars black scholars who were out
there<00:44:58.460> years<00:44:58.940> ago<00:44:59.000> yes<00:44:59.570> right<00:45:00.170> that<00:45:00.680> I'm<00:45:01.100> sorry

there years ago yes right that I'm sorry

there years ago yes right that I'm sorry
they<00:45:02.570> weren't<00:45:02.840> using<00:45:03.020> the<00:45:03.290> term<00:45:03.530> ancient

they weren't using the term ancient

they weren't using the term ancient
model<00:45:04.550> but<00:45:04.790> they<00:45:05.000> knew<00:45:05.750> what<00:45:06.470> was<00:45:06.680> going<00:45:06.980> on

model but they knew what was going on

model but they knew what was going on
and<00:45:07.550> of<00:45:08.240> course<00:45:08.270> dr.<00:45:08.900> James<00:45:09.400> George<00:45:10.400> II<00:45:10.580> M

and of course dr. James George II M

and of course dr. James George II M
James<00:45:10.910> Oh<00:45:11.150> Jim<00:45:11.510> James<00:45:11.780> was<00:45:12.650> really<00:45:12.890> the

James Oh Jim James was really the

James Oh Jim James was really the
pioneer<00:45:13.400> of<00:45:13.550> the<00:45:13.880> influences<00:45:14.870> on<00:45:15.080> classical

pioneer of the influences on classical

pioneer of the influences on classical
Greece<00:45:16.460> okay<00:45:17.150> but<00:45:17.300> his<00:45:17.570> book<00:45:18.050> was<00:45:18.440> not

Greece okay but his book was not

Greece okay but his book was not
accepted<00:45:19.520> what's<00:45:19.640> interesting<00:45:20.000> from<00:45:20.300> my

accepted what's interesting from my

accepted what's interesting from my
point<00:45:20.600> of<00:45:20.630> view<00:45:20.690> is<00:45:20.810> that<00:45:20.930> I<00:45:21.020> was<00:45:21.170> working<00:45:21.440> on

point of view is that I was working on

point of view is that I was working on
this<00:45:21.710> subject<00:45:21.920> for<00:45:22.100> six<00:45:22.400> years<00:45:22.760> before<00:45:23.480> I

this subject for six years before I

this subject for six years before I
realized<00:45:24.230> the<00:45:25.100> work<00:45:26.060> that<00:45:26.240> had<00:45:26.330> been<00:45:26.360> done<00:45:26.450> by

realized the work that had been done by

realized the work that had been done by
black<00:45:26.870> scholars<00:45:27.230> in<00:45:27.440> this<00:45:27.920> area<00:45:28.250> that<00:45:28.910> they

black scholars in this area that they

black scholars in this area that they
had<00:45:30.140> been<00:45:30.410> shut<00:45:30.710> out<00:45:30.770> of<00:45:31.280> the<00:45:32.000> mainstream<00:45:32.150> to

had been shut out of the mainstream to

had been shut out of the mainstream to
such<00:45:32.720> an<00:45:32.810> extent<00:45:33.080> and<00:45:33.860> I<00:45:33.950> just<00:45:34.130> had<00:45:34.250> no<00:45:34.280> idea

such an extent and I just had no idea

such an extent and I just had no idea
what<00:45:34.820> you<00:45:35.330> tried<00:45:35.630> to<00:45:35.660> get<00:45:35.900> George<00:45:36.500> II<00:45:36.680> and

what you tried to get George II and

what you tried to get George II and
James<00:45:37.070> book<00:45:37.370> stolen<00:45:37.580> legacy<00:45:38.120> in<00:45:38.270> Cornell

James book stolen legacy in Cornell

James book stolen legacy in Cornell
library<00:45:39.620> and<00:45:39.920> what

library and what

library and what
well<00:45:41.240> I<00:45:41.840> get<00:45:42.350> you<00:45:42.530> see<00:45:42.680> I<00:45:42.710> knew<00:45:42.920> that<00:45:42.950> they

well I get you see I knew that they

well I get you see I knew that they
wouldn't<00:45:43.460> buy<00:45:43.640> it<00:45:43.670> they<00:45:44.270> couldn't<00:45:44.450> guess<00:45:44.630> I

wouldn't buy it they couldn't guess I

wouldn't buy it they couldn't guess I
gave<00:45:44.990> them<00:45:45.170> a<00:45:45.260> coffee<00:45:45.440> and<00:45:45.890> nothing<00:45:46.700> happened

gave them a coffee and nothing happened

gave them a coffee and nothing happened
I<00:45:47.000> wanted<00:45:47.300> it<00:45:47.360> because<00:45:47.540> I<00:45:47.600> wanted<00:45:47.840> to<00:45:47.900> set<00:45:48.110> it

I wanted it because I wanted to set it

I wanted it because I wanted to set it
for<00:45:48.320> my<00:45:48.380> students<00:45:48.710> put<00:45:48.830> it<00:45:48.920> on<00:45:49.010> reserve<00:45:49.310> for<00:45:49.340> my

for my students put it on reserve for my

for my students put it on reserve for my
students<00:45:50.000> nothing<00:45:50.720> happened<00:45:51.020> it<00:45:51.110> had

students nothing happened it had

students nothing happened it had
disappeared<00:45:51.680> so<00:45:52.490> I<00:45:52.520> gave<00:45:52.730> them<00:45:52.820> another<00:45:53.120> copy

disappeared so I gave them another copy

disappeared so I gave them another copy
they're<00:45:53.780> quite<00:45:53.930> hard<00:45:54.170> to<00:45:54.290> get<00:45:54.530> but<00:45:54.860> I<00:45:54.920> got

they're quite hard to get but I got

they're quite hard to get but I got
another<00:45:55.310> and<00:45:55.490> I<00:45:55.520> gave<00:45:55.730> it<00:45:55.850> to<00:45:55.970> them<00:45:56.120> and<00:45:56.300> this

another and I gave it to them and this

another and I gave it to them and this
time<00:45:57.170> they<00:45:57.650> didn't<00:45:57.980> put<00:45:58.580> it<00:45:58.670> in<00:45:58.790> the<00:45:58.880> main

time they didn't put it in the main

time they didn't put it in the main
library<00:45:59.300> or<00:45:59.900> in<00:46:00.200> the<00:46:00.350> undergraduate<00:46:00.860> main

library or in the undergraduate main

library or in the undergraduate main
undergraduate<00:46:01.670> library<00:46:01.820> they<00:46:02.030> put<00:46:02.210> it<00:46:02.300> in<00:46:02.390> a

undergraduate library they put it in a

undergraduate library they put it in a
branch<00:46:02.720> library<00:46:03.200> of<00:46:03.410> Cornell<00:46:04.010> that<00:46:04.910> he<00:46:05.420> was

branch library of Cornell that he was

branch library of Cornell that he was
not<00:46:05.660> considered<00:46:06.140> a<00:46:06.260> standard<00:46:06.470> book<00:46:07.220> in<00:46:07.400> that

not considered a standard book in that

not considered a standard book in that
way<00:46:07.670> now<00:46:07.850> it's<00:46:07.970> true<00:46:08.210> it's<00:46:08.480> not<00:46:08.630> the<00:46:08.930> best

way now it's true it's not the best

way now it's true it's not the best
produced<00:46:09.500> book<00:46:09.740> in<00:46:09.860> the<00:46:09.950> world<00:46:10.100> but<00:46:10.580> it's<00:46:10.850> got

produced book in the world but it's got

produced book in the world but it's got
extraordinary<00:46:11.510> valuable<00:46:11.810> content<00:46:12.260> I<00:46:12.320> don't

extraordinary valuable content I don't

extraordinary valuable content I don't
think<00:46:12.680> book<00:46:12.950> should<00:46:13.070> be<00:46:13.130> treat<00:46:13.370> them<00:46:13.460> that<00:46:13.490> way

think book should be treat them that way

think book should be treat them that way
ok<00:46:14.180> let<00:46:14.330> me<00:46:14.390> cut<00:46:14.570> you<00:46:14.780> let's<00:46:15.410> take<00:46:15.560> a<00:46:15.590> call<00:46:15.830> from

ok let me cut you let's take a call from

ok let me cut you let's take a call from
the<00:46:16.190> Greater<00:46:16.370> Washington<00:46:16.610> DC<00:46:17.210> area<00:46:17.240> for<00:46:17.690> the

the Greater Washington DC area for the

the Greater Washington DC area for the
people<00:46:18.110> you're<00:46:18.260> on<00:46:18.380> the<00:46:18.500> air<00:46:19.450> hello<00:46:20.450> you're<00:46:21.170> on

people you're on the air hello you're on

people you're on the air hello you're on
the<00:46:21.680> air<00:46:22.040> from<00:46:22.580> South<00:46:22.790> Carolina<00:46:23.000> you're<00:46:23.510> on

the air from South Carolina you're on

the air from South Carolina you're on
the<00:46:23.720> air<00:46:23.900> hello<00:46:24.770> today<00:46:25.520> fine<00:46:26.240> how<00:46:26.630> are<00:46:26.660> you<00:46:26.900> ok

the air hello today fine how are you ok

the air hello today fine how are you ok
I<00:46:27.680> have<00:46:27.890> a<00:46:27.920> question<00:46:28.010> I<00:46:29.800> think<00:46:30.800> that<00:46:31.100> dr.<00:46:31.850> banal

I have a question I think that dr. banal

I have a question I think that dr. banal
make<00:46:32.630> it<00:46:32.750> make<00:46:32.960> it<00:46:32.990> short<00:46:33.290> sir<00:46:33.470> please<00:46:33.680> we're

make it make it short sir please we're

make it make it short sir please we're
running<00:46:34.550> out<00:46:34.670> of<00:46:34.700> time<00:46:34.790> along<00:46:35.420> with<00:46:35.480> dr.

running out of time along with dr.

running out of time along with dr.
stains<00:46:36.200> hands<00:46:36.560> burn<00:46:36.800> Diop<00:46:37.130> have<00:46:38.380> established

stains hands burn Diop have established

stains hands burn Diop have established
the<00:46:39.740> blackness<00:46:40.010> of<00:46:40.460> the<00:46:40.550> early<00:46:41.450> Ethiopia's<00:46:42.080> my

the blackness of the early Ethiopia's my

the blackness of the early Ethiopia's my
question<00:46:42.680> is<00:46:42.800> concerning<00:46:43.010> the<00:46:43.490> term<00:46:43.730> Semites

question is concerning the term Semites

question is concerning the term Semites
it<00:46:45.110> has<00:46:45.440> been<00:46:45.740> my<00:46:45.890> understanding<00:46:46.370> that<00:46:46.820> the

it has been my understanding that the

it has been my understanding that the
Phoenicians<00:46:48.380> and<00:46:48.620> the<00:46:48.770> Babylonians<00:46:48.980> were

Phoenicians and the Babylonians were

Phoenicians and the Babylonians were
derived<00:46:52.340> from<00:46:52.850> earlier<00:46:53.600> Ethiopian<00:46:54.380> colonies

derived from earlier Ethiopian colonies

derived from earlier Ethiopian colonies
in<00:46:55.570> what<00:46:56.570> is<00:46:56.780> now<00:46:57.610> called<00:46:58.610> the<00:46:59.710> part<00:47:00.710> of<00:47:00.860> Asia

in what is now called the part of Asia

in what is now called the part of Asia
I'm<00:47:01.880> wondering<00:47:02.390> if<00:47:02.480> dr.<00:47:03.080> Bernard<00:47:03.410> would<00:47:03.560> would

I'm wondering if dr. Bernard would would

I'm wondering if dr. Bernard would would
describe<00:47:04.280> that<00:47:04.520> well<00:47:05.240> just<00:47:05.690> briefly<00:47:06.050> ok

describe that well just briefly ok

describe that well just briefly ok
Semitic<00:47:07.400> is<00:47:07.580> a<00:47:07.610> linguistic<00:47:08.180> not<00:47:08.570> a<00:47:08.600> racial

Semitic is a linguistic not a racial

Semitic is a linguistic not a racial
term<00:47:10.690> Herodotus<00:47:11.690> I<00:47:11.930> think<00:47:12.170> is<00:47:12.380> a<00:47:12.410> tradition

term Herodotus I think is a tradition

term Herodotus I think is a tradition
that<00:47:12.830> you're<00:47:13.010> basing<00:47:13.520> your<00:47:13.550> self<00:47:13.910> on<00:47:14.090> does<00:47:14.570> say

that you're basing your self on does say

that you're basing your self on does say
that<00:47:15.020> they<00:47:15.140> can't<00:47:15.380> the<00:47:15.560> Phoenicians<00:47:16.190> came

that they can't the Phoenicians came

that they can't the Phoenicians came
from<00:47:16.520> the<00:47:16.640> Red<00:47:16.790> Sea<00:47:16.820> area<00:47:17.720> to<00:47:18.290> the<00:47:18.500> south<00:47:19.240> my

from the Red Sea area to the south my

from the Red Sea area to the south my
belief<00:47:20.540> is<00:47:20.840> that<00:47:20.870> the<00:47:21.140> language<00:47:21.320> family<00:47:21.920> came

belief is that the language family came

belief is that the language family came
from<00:47:23.060> Ethiopian<00:47:24.020> here<00:47:24.200> I<00:47:24.230> mean<00:47:24.530> I'm<00:47:24.650> a

from Ethiopian here I mean I'm a

from Ethiopian here I mean I'm a
minority<00:47:25.280> but<00:47:25.670> a<00:47:25.700> substantial<00:47:25.850> minority<00:47:26.270> of

minority but a substantial minority of

minority but a substantial minority of
sumit<00:47:26.960> Semitic<00:47:27.410> scholars<00:47:27.680> accept<00:47:28.160> this<00:47:28.340> so

sumit Semitic scholars accept this so

sumit Semitic scholars accept this so
that<00:47:29.710> linguistically<00:47:30.740> there's<00:47:31.220> very<00:47:31.580> little

that linguistically there's very little

that linguistically there's very little
doubt<00:47:32.060> that<00:47:32.390> the<00:47:32.660> Semitic<00:47:32.960> languages<00:47:33.320> came

doubt that the Semitic languages came

doubt that the Semitic languages came
from<00:47:34.660> Africa<00:47:36.040> to<00:47:37.040> what<00:47:37.610> extent<00:47:37.940> the

from Africa to what extent the

from Africa to what extent the
population<00:47:38.870> was<00:47:39.170> African<00:47:39.740> is<00:47:39.860> much<00:47:40.340> more

population was African is much more

population was African is much more
dubious<00:47:41.270> but<00:47:41.660> there<00:47:41.900> were<00:47:41.960> massive<00:47:42.440> cultural

dubious but there were massive cultural

dubious but there were massive cultural
borrowings<00:47:43.670> with<00:47:43.880> the<00:47:44.120> language<00:47:44.870> so<00:47:45.500> that<00:47:45.680> in

borrowings with the language so that in

borrowings with the language so that in
some<00:47:45.950> ways<00:47:46.190> Semitic<00:47:47.290> speakers<00:47:48.290> were<00:47:48.770> African

some ways Semitic speakers were African

some ways Semitic speakers were African
and<00:47:49.550> of<00:47:49.640> course<00:47:49.820> later

and of course later

and of course later
Phoenicia<00:47:50.840> was<00:47:51.110> very<00:47:51.320> dependent<00:47:51.590> on<00:47:51.920> Egypt

Phoenicia was very dependent on Egypt

Phoenicia was very dependent on Egypt
and<00:47:52.670> was<00:47:52.820> heavily<00:47:53.000> Egyptian<00:47:53.750> eyes

and was heavily Egyptian eyes

and was heavily Egyptian eyes
okay<00:47:54.680> let's<00:47:54.890> take<00:47:54.980> a<00:47:55.040> call<00:47:55.280> from<00:47:55.310> South

okay let's take a call from South

okay let's take a call from South
Carolina<00:47:55.850> for<00:47:56.300> the<00:47:56.390> people<00:47:56.720> you're<00:47:57.140> on<00:47:57.260> the

Carolina for the people you're on the

Carolina for the people you're on the
air<00:47:59.109> my<00:48:00.109> question<00:48:00.680> is<00:48:00.800> the<00:48:00.890> following<00:48:00.920> we<00:48:01.700> have

air my question is the following we have

air my question is the following we have
had<00:48:02.180> literally<00:48:02.840> millions<00:48:03.290> and<00:48:03.470> millions<00:48:03.800> of

had literally millions and millions of

had literally millions and millions of
black<00:48:05.750> people<00:48:06.380> growing<00:48:06.650> up<00:48:06.859> in<00:48:07.070> this<00:48:07.190> country

black people growing up in this country

black people growing up in this country
and<00:48:07.700> around<00:48:07.760> the<00:48:08.000> world<00:48:08.180> believing<00:48:08.570> that<00:48:08.869> we

and around the world believing that we

and around the world believing that we
have<00:48:09.200> contributed<00:48:09.500> nothing<00:48:09.890> to<00:48:10.100> humanity

have contributed nothing to humanity

have contributed nothing to humanity
that<00:48:11.300> our<00:48:11.660> whole<00:48:12.050> race<00:48:12.470> of<00:48:12.619> people<00:48:12.800> has

that our whole race of people has

that our whole race of people has
basically<00:48:13.700> been<00:48:13.910> a<00:48:13.970> drain<00:48:14.390> on<00:48:14.420> human<00:48:15.080> race<00:48:15.260> and

basically been a drain on human race and

basically been a drain on human race and
we<00:48:15.530> have<00:48:15.710> done<00:48:15.950> nothing<00:48:16.430> with<00:48:16.640> regard<00:48:16.850> to

we have done nothing with regard to

we have done nothing with regard to
progressing<00:48:18.560> the<00:48:18.619> human<00:48:18.859> race

progressing the human race

progressing the human race
conversely<00:48:19.910> we've<00:48:20.119> obviously<00:48:20.390> had<00:48:20.750> millions

conversely we've obviously had millions

conversely we've obviously had millions
and<00:48:21.350> millions<00:48:21.590> of<00:48:21.680> white<00:48:21.859> people<00:48:22.040> growing<00:48:22.430> up

and millions of white people growing up

and millions of white people growing up
for<00:48:22.790> generations<00:48:23.270> believing<00:48:23.690> just<00:48:23.869> the

for generations believing just the

for generations believing just the
opposite<00:48:24.260> about<00:48:24.500> their<00:48:24.680> own<00:48:24.859> history<00:48:25.310> that

opposite about their own history that

opposite about their own history that
they<00:48:25.700> are<00:48:25.910> in<00:48:26.150> fact<00:48:26.390> the<00:48:26.980> center<00:48:27.980> of

they are in fact the center of

they are in fact the center of
civilization<00:48:28.460> and<00:48:28.940> that<00:48:29.030> everything<00:48:29.480> that

civilization and that everything that

civilization and that everything that
happened<00:48:29.930> on<00:48:30.140> the<00:48:30.290> world<00:48:30.470> of<00:48:30.619> value<00:48:30.980> happens

happened on the world of value happens

happened on the world of value happens
because<00:48:31.580> of<00:48:31.790> Europeans<00:48:32.980> how<00:48:33.980> do<00:48:34.520> we<00:48:34.730> now<00:48:35.300> that

because of Europeans how do we now that

because of Europeans how do we now that
this<00:48:35.630> information<00:48:35.900> is<00:48:36.410> really<00:48:36.560> becoming<00:48:37.090> is

this information is really becoming is

this information is really becoming is
reaching<00:48:39.590> the<00:48:39.680> light<00:48:39.859> how<00:48:40.220> do<00:48:40.280> we<00:48:40.840> get<00:48:41.840> it<00:48:41.990> to

reaching the light how do we get it to

reaching the light how do we get it to
the<00:48:42.440> mainstream

the mainstream

the mainstream
so<00:48:43.490> that<00:48:43.700> yet<00:48:44.060> another<00:48:44.480> generation<00:48:44.960> of<00:48:45.290> black

so that yet another generation of black

so that yet another generation of black
people<00:48:46.130> will<00:48:46.220> not<00:48:46.369> have<00:48:46.490> to<00:48:46.580> grow<00:48:46.760> up<00:48:46.880> the<00:48:47.000> way

people will not have to grow up the way

people will not have to grow up the way
we<00:48:47.119> grew<00:48:47.390> up<00:48:47.480> in<00:48:47.660> total<00:48:47.990> ignorance<00:48:48.109> in<00:48:48.440> our

we grew up in total ignorance in our

we grew up in total ignorance in our
history<00:48:48.859> how<00:48:49.100> do<00:48:49.160> we<00:48:49.310> get<00:48:49.460> it<00:48:49.550> into<00:48:49.670> the<00:48:49.880> school

history how do we get it into the school

history how do we get it into the school
and<00:48:50.570> into<00:48:51.109> the<00:48:51.230> minds<00:48:51.440> of<00:48:51.740> the<00:48:51.920> millions<00:48:52.430> of

and into the minds of the millions of

and into the minds of the millions of
black<00:48:52.820> people<00:48:53.150> who<00:48:53.180> need<00:48:53.480> this<00:48:53.720> for<00:48:54.050> our<00:48:54.080> own

black people who need this for our own

black people who need this for our own
self-respect

self-respect

self-respect
thank<00:48:57.619> you<00:48:57.740> ma'am<00:48:57.950> take<00:48:58.700> care<00:48:58.880> I<00:48:59.090> think<00:48:59.570> that's

thank you ma'am take care I think that's

thank you ma'am take care I think that's
a<00:49:00.020> very<00:49:00.140> important<00:49:00.740> question<00:49:01.220> but<00:49:01.430> I'm<00:49:01.550> not

a very important question but I'm not

a very important question but I'm not
sure<00:49:01.970> if<00:49:02.090> I'm<00:49:02.270> the<00:49:02.450> person<00:49:02.810> who<00:49:02.990> should<00:49:03.230> answer

sure if I'm the person who should answer

sure if I'm the person who should answer
it<00:49:03.830> that<00:49:04.430> I'm<00:49:04.580> doing<00:49:04.850> what<00:49:04.970> I<00:49:05.000> can<00:49:05.119> to<00:49:05.890> present

it that I'm doing what I can to present

it that I'm doing what I can to present
the<00:49:07.100> results<00:49:07.220> of<00:49:07.580> my<00:49:07.700> research<00:49:08.680> as<00:49:09.680> widely<00:49:10.040> as

the results of my research as widely as

the results of my research as widely as
I<00:49:10.340> can<00:49:10.609> but<00:49:10.820> I<00:49:10.880> think<00:49:11.119> it<00:49:11.210> is<00:49:11.300> for<00:49:11.510> the

I can but I think it is for the

I can but I think it is for the
educators<00:49:12.020> and<00:49:12.530> for<00:49:12.710> the<00:49:12.800> black<00:49:12.950> community<00:49:13.070> to

educators and for the black community to

educators and for the black community to
take<00:49:13.760> up<00:49:13.940> this<00:49:14.210> work<00:49:14.930> and<00:49:15.260> to<00:49:15.530> continue<00:49:15.770> the

take up this work and to continue the

take up this work and to continue the
research<00:49:16.100> but<00:49:16.520> more<00:49:16.760> important<00:49:17.119> than<00:49:17.240> that

research but more important than that

research but more important than that
even<00:49:17.660> is<00:49:17.930> to<00:49:17.960> get<00:49:18.680> the<00:49:18.830> word<00:49:18.980> out<00:49:19.480> okay<00:49:20.480> let's

even is to get the word out okay let's

even is to get the word out okay let's
take<00:49:20.900> a<00:49:20.960> call<00:49:21.230> from<00:49:22.060> the<00:49:23.060> Washington<00:49:23.840> DC<00:49:23.869> area

take a call from the Washington DC area

take a call from the Washington DC area
for<00:49:24.710> the<00:49:24.800> people<00:49:25.130> you're<00:49:25.340> on<00:49:25.460> the<00:49:27.400> people

for the people you're on the people

for the people you're on the people
you're<00:49:28.580> on<00:49:28.760> the<00:49:31.510> air<00:49:32.510> how<00:49:32.900> are<00:49:32.930> you<00:49:33.280> okay<00:49:59.710> okay

you're on the air how are you okay okay

you're on the air how are you okay okay
thank<00:50:01.160> you<00:50:01.250> very<00:50:01.400> much<00:50:01.609> well<00:50:02.180> I<00:50:02.210> can't<00:50:02.690> speak

thank you very much well I can't speak

thank you very much well I can't speak
for<00:50:03.230> myself<00:50:03.320> because<00:50:03.590> I'm<00:50:03.740> neither<00:50:03.890> biologist

for myself because I'm neither biologist

for myself because I'm neither biologist
but<00:50:04.670> every<00:50:05.090> biologist<00:50:05.600> I<00:50:05.750> know

but every biologist I know

but every biologist I know
read<00:50:07.090> or<00:50:07.390> talk<00:50:07.600> to<00:50:07.710> thinks<00:50:08.710> it's<00:50:08.860> rubbish<00:50:09.870> so<00:50:10.870> I

read or talk to thinks it's rubbish so I

read or talk to thinks it's rubbish so I
don't<00:50:11.440> think<00:50:11.620> it<00:50:11.770> should<00:50:11.920> be<00:50:12.070> treated

don't think it should be treated

don't think it should be treated
seriously<00:50:13.510> in<00:50:14.230> that<00:50:14.920> way<00:50:15.100> yeah<00:50:15.520> right<00:50:15.970> now<00:50:16.150> in

seriously in that way yeah right now in

seriously in that way yeah right now in
this<00:50:16.510> country<00:50:16.720> we<00:50:17.020> have<00:50:17.170> something<00:50:17.470> that's

this country we have something that's

this country we have something that's
called<00:50:17.800> Black<00:50:18.040> History<00:50:18.220> Month<00:50:21.210> your<00:50:22.210> book

called Black History Month your book

called Black History Month your book
says<00:50:23.170> that<00:50:25.350> the<00:50:26.350> absence<00:50:26.860> of<00:50:27.070> black<00:50:27.790> history

says that the absence of black history

says that the absence of black history
can<00:50:29.530> be<00:50:29.560> attributed<00:50:30.040> to<00:50:30.340> a<00:50:30.910> conscious

can be attributed to a conscious

can be attributed to a conscious
deliberate<00:50:32.530> effort<00:50:33.010> to<00:50:34.800> write<00:50:35.800> blacks<00:50:36.130> out<00:50:36.310> of

deliberate effort to write blacks out of

deliberate effort to write blacks out of
history<00:50:37.800> think<00:50:38.800> it's<00:50:39.550> more<00:50:40.030> complicated

history think it's more complicated

history think it's more complicated
process<00:50:41.050> than<00:50:41.410> that<00:50:42.060> that<00:50:43.060> the<00:50:44.190> if<00:50:45.190> blacks

process than that that the if blacks

process than that that the if blacks
were<00:50:45.970> being<00:50:46.270> maltreated<00:50:46.600> so<00:50:47.290> abominably<00:50:47.890> they

were being maltreated so abominably they

were being maltreated so abominably they
couldn't<00:50:48.940> be<00:50:49.120> full<00:50:49.420> human<00:50:50.020> beings<00:50:51.120> and<00:50:52.120> so

couldn't be full human beings and so

couldn't be full human beings and so
Christians<00:50:53.620> couldn't<00:50:54.430> treat<00:50:54.850> full<00:50:55.210> human

Christians couldn't treat full human

Christians couldn't treat full human
beings<00:50:55.720> the<00:50:55.900> way<00:50:55.930> that<00:50:56.230> whites<00:50:56.410> were<00:50:56.530> treating

beings the way that whites were treating

beings the way that whites were treating
blacks<00:50:57.210> and<00:50:58.210> therefore<00:50:58.630> you<00:50:58.720> had<00:50:58.900> to<00:50:59.140> remove

blacks and therefore you had to remove

blacks and therefore you had to remove
the<00:51:00.280> humanity<00:51:00.820> from<00:51:01.060> blacks<00:51:01.390> in<00:51:01.720> all

the humanity from blacks in all

the humanity from blacks in all
dimensions<00:51:02.820> now<00:51:03.820> all<00:51:04.080> populations<00:51:05.080> have<00:51:05.410> a

dimensions now all populations have a

dimensions now all populations have a
certain<00:51:05.980> amount<00:51:06.070> of<00:51:06.400> antipathy<00:51:07.120> towards

certain amount of antipathy towards

certain amount of antipathy towards
other<00:51:08.500> populations<00:51:09.280> and<00:51:09.520> dislike<00:51:09.820> of<00:51:09.970> people

other populations and dislike of people

other populations and dislike of people
with<00:51:10.270> different<00:51:10.360> appearances<00:51:10.930> but<00:51:11.380> the

with different appearances but the

with different appearances but the
degree<00:51:12.250> of<00:51:12.610> racism<00:51:13.300> that<00:51:13.540> has<00:51:13.630> grown<00:51:13.840> up<00:51:13.900> in

degree of racism that has grown up in

degree of racism that has grown up in
Europe<00:51:14.470> since<00:51:14.590> the<00:51:14.740> 17th<00:51:15.100> century<00:51:15.220> and<00:51:15.460> since

Europe since the 17th century and since

Europe since the 17th century and since
the<00:51:15.700> beginning<00:51:15.940> of<00:51:16.030> slave<00:51:16.240> trade<00:51:17.020> is

the beginning of slave trade is

the beginning of slave trade is
completely<00:51:18.430> out<00:51:18.520> of<00:51:18.550> proportion<00:51:18.730> to<00:51:19.510> this

completely out of proportion to this

completely out of proportion to this
normal<00:51:20.020> human<00:51:20.830> feeling<00:51:21.630> and<00:51:22.630> therefore<00:51:23.140> these

normal human feeling and therefore these

normal human feeling and therefore these
people<00:51:23.680> genuinely<00:51:24.310> believed<00:51:24.790> that<00:51:25.090> if<00:51:25.240> the

people genuinely believed that if the

people genuinely believed that if the
Greeks<00:51:25.660> said<00:51:25.900> Africans<00:51:26.320> have<00:51:26.440> done<00:51:26.530> positive

Greeks said Africans have done positive

Greeks said Africans have done positive
things<00:51:27.160> they<00:51:27.700> must<00:51:27.940> be<00:51:28.210> mistaken

things they must be mistaken

things they must be mistaken
it<00:51:29.800> was<00:51:29.980> it<00:51:30.580> was<00:51:30.760> a<00:51:31.200> application<00:51:32.200> of<00:51:32.380> a

it was it was a application of a

it was it was a application of a
systematic<00:51:33.430> belief<00:51:33.940> that<00:51:34.390> the<00:51:34.630> African<00:51:35.470> was

systematic belief that the African was

systematic belief that the African was
incapable<00:51:35.950> of<00:51:36.010> civilization<00:51:36.850> that<00:51:36.940> you<00:51:37.060> then

incapable of civilization that you then

incapable of civilization that you then
had<00:51:37.540> to<00:51:37.770> apply<00:51:38.770> this<00:51:38.830> to<00:51:39.160> Greek<00:51:39.340> history<00:51:39.640> and

had to apply this to Greek history and

had to apply this to Greek history and
say<00:51:39.940> Greek<00:51:40.930> history<00:51:41.200> can't<00:51:41.440> be<00:51:41.500> the<00:51:41.620> way<00:51:41.680> the

say Greek history can't be the way the

say Greek history can't be the way the
Greeks<00:51:41.950> told<00:51:42.190> it<00:51:42.280> because<00:51:42.370> it's<00:51:42.670> unscientific

Greeks told it because it's unscientific

Greeks told it because it's unscientific
while<00:51:43.690> at<00:51:43.840> the<00:51:43.930> same<00:51:44.110> time<00:51:44.350> these<00:51:44.560> same<00:51:44.800> people

while at the same time these same people

while at the same time these same people
were<00:51:45.250> dehumanizing<00:51:46.180> the<00:51:46.810> Africans<00:51:47.290> and

were dehumanizing the Africans and

were dehumanizing the Africans and
enslaving<00:51:48.160> them<00:51:48.400> right<00:51:48.790> ok<00:51:50.850> when<00:51:51.850> you

enslaving them right ok when you

enslaving them right ok when you
consider<00:51:53.250> the<00:51:54.250> implications<00:51:54.910> of<00:51:55.060> what<00:51:55.300> your

consider the implications of what your

consider the implications of what your
book<00:51:56.200> of<00:51:56.440> your<00:51:56.590> book<00:51:57.360> what<00:51:58.360> would<00:51:58.540> you<00:51:58.660> say<00:51:58.930> to

book of your book what would you say to

book of your book what would you say to
the<00:52:00.550> black<00:52:00.790> student<00:52:01.300> and<00:52:01.510> the<00:52:02.170> white<00:52:02.350> student

the black student and the white student

the black student and the white student
who<00:52:04.360> is<00:52:04.570> assuming<00:52:05.350> that<00:52:05.400> because<00:52:06.400> he<00:52:06.820> or<00:52:07.000> she

who is assuming that because he or she

who is assuming that because he or she
is<00:52:07.360> going<00:52:07.660> to<00:52:07.690> the<00:52:07.840> University<00:52:08.290> of<00:52:08.320> South

is going to the University of South

is going to the University of South
Carolina<00:52:08.560> or<00:52:09.340> Howard<00:52:10.120> University<00:52:10.960> or<00:52:11.260> Cornell

Carolina or Howard University or Cornell

Carolina or Howard University or Cornell
University<00:52:12.850> that<00:52:13.330> he<00:52:13.600> or<00:52:13.780> she<00:52:13.810> is<00:52:14.260> getting<00:52:14.710> a

University that he or she is getting a

University that he or she is getting a
good<00:52:15.100> education<00:52:15.720> well<00:52:16.720> in<00:52:16.960> many<00:52:17.260> ways<00:52:17.470> they

good education well in many ways they

good education well in many ways they
are<00:52:17.920> getting<00:52:18.190> great<00:52:18.550> education<00:52:18.970> I<00:52:19.030> don't<00:52:19.180> want

are getting great education I don't want

are getting great education I don't want
to<00:52:19.360> knock<00:52:19.600> the<00:52:19.840> hole

to knock the hole

to knock the hole
University<00:52:20.890> System<00:52:21.640> but<00:52:21.790> on<00:52:21.970> this<00:52:22.180> issue<00:52:22.570> I

University System but on this issue I

University System but on this issue I
think<00:52:23.290> they're<00:52:23.680> being<00:52:23.830> very<00:52:24.010> fundamentally

think they're being very fundamentally

think they're being very fundamentally
misled<00:52:25.600> but<00:52:26.500> one<00:52:26.710> of<00:52:26.740> the<00:52:26.920> encouraging<00:52:27.550> things

misled but one of the encouraging things

misled but one of the encouraging things
I've<00:52:27.940> had<00:52:28.060> doesn't<00:52:28.510> this<00:52:28.630> issue<00:52:28.840> carry<00:52:29.230> over

I've had doesn't this issue carry over

I've had doesn't this issue carry over
into<00:52:30.060> psychology<00:52:31.060> it's<00:52:31.270> true<00:52:31.480> actually<00:52:31.630> I'm<00:52:31.870> a

into psychology it's true actually I'm a

into psychology it's true actually I'm a
sociology<00:52:32.740> go<00:52:33.250> ahead<00:52:33.460> yeah<00:52:33.820> all<00:52:34.000> right<00:52:34.200> this

sociology go ahead yeah all right this

sociology go ahead yeah all right this
is<00:52:35.320> a<00:52:35.350> particularly<00:52:35.680> acute<00:52:36.210> issue<00:52:37.210> but<00:52:38.110> now<00:52:38.470> of

is a particularly acute issue but now of

is a particularly acute issue but now of
course<00:52:38.650> and<00:52:39.160> I<00:52:39.220> think<00:52:39.430> that<00:52:39.580> black<00:52:39.730> and<00:52:39.970> white

course and I think that black and white

course and I think that black and white
students<00:52:40.570> should<00:52:40.720> be<00:52:40.810> very<00:52:41.020> wary<00:52:41.370> in<00:52:42.370> this

students should be very wary in this

students should be very wary in this
area<00:52:43.300> that<00:52:43.600> racism<00:52:44.380> does<00:52:44.980> seep<00:52:45.970> into<00:52:46.210> every

area that racism does seep into every

area that racism does seep into every
pore<00:52:46.960> of<00:52:47.290> our<00:52:47.950> society<00:52:48.580> it's<00:52:48.760> such<00:52:48.970> an

pore of our society it's such an

pore of our society it's such an
important<00:52:49.630> aspect<00:52:50.080> of<00:52:50.380> it<00:52:50.560> that<00:52:50.770> you<00:52:51.430> should

important aspect of it that you should

important aspect of it that you should
be<00:52:51.820> wary<00:52:52.420> and<00:52:52.720> look<00:52:52.870> out<00:52:53.020> for<00:52:53.260> it<00:52:53.380> and<00:52:54.010> even

be wary and look out for it and even

be wary and look out for it and even
people<00:52:54.790> like<00:52:55.030> me<00:52:55.210> who<00:52:55.360> consider<00:52:55.660> myself

people like me who consider myself

people like me who consider myself
anti-racist<00:52:56.650> I'm<00:52:56.770> sure<00:52:57.100> I<00:52:57.370> know<00:52:57.430> I<00:52:57.820> have

anti-racist I'm sure I know I have

anti-racist I'm sure I know I have
racist<00:52:58.720> components<00:52:59.350> to<00:52:59.590> my<00:52:59.740> thoughts<00:52:59.980> and

racist components to my thoughts and

racist components to my thoughts and
feelings<00:53:00.280> I<00:53:00.820> mean<00:53:01.150> it's<00:53:01.300> just<00:53:01.360> inevitable<00:53:01.780> you

feelings I mean it's just inevitable you

feelings I mean it's just inevitable you
can't<00:53:02.410> breathe<00:53:03.340> the<00:53:03.880> northern<00:53:04.210> European

can't breathe the northern European

can't breathe the northern European
American<00:53:04.930> air<00:53:05.110> without<00:53:05.500> getting<00:53:06.130> it<00:53:06.220> in<00:53:06.370> it

American air without getting it in it

American air without getting it in it
it's<00:53:06.970> there<00:53:07.180> and<00:53:07.720> so<00:53:07.870> I<00:53:07.900> think<00:53:08.110> students

it's there and so I think students

it's there and so I think students
should<00:53:08.830> be<00:53:08.950> extraordinarily<00:53:09.870> careful<00:53:10.870> when

should be extraordinarily careful when

should be extraordinarily careful when
they<00:53:12.270> study<00:53:13.270> these<00:53:13.720> things<00:53:14.110> particularly<00:53:15.010> in

they study these things particularly in

they study these things particularly in
entered<00:53:15.430> history<00:53:15.520> but<00:53:15.790> I've<00:53:15.880> been<00:53:16.000> encouraged

entered history but I've been encouraged

entered history but I've been encouraged
by<00:53:16.750> the<00:53:17.200> number<00:53:17.650> of<00:53:17.680> classicists

by the number of classicists

by the number of classicists
particularly<00:53:18.820> young<00:53:19.030> classicists<00:53:19.570> who've

particularly young classicists who've

particularly young classicists who've
written<00:53:19.870> to<00:53:20.200> me<00:53:20.320> saying<00:53:21.100> you're<00:53:22.030> expressing

written to me saying you're expressing

written to me saying you're expressing
what<00:53:22.810> I've<00:53:22.930> been<00:53:23.110> feeling<00:53:23.620> so<00:53:24.490> I<00:53:24.520> think<00:53:24.640> at<00:53:24.880> the

what I've been feeling so I think at the

what I've been feeling so I think at the
center<00:53:25.450> of<00:53:25.480> research<00:53:25.930> there<00:53:26.260> is<00:53:26.500> now<00:53:27.040> a<00:53:27.070> move

center of research there is now a move

center of research there is now a move
towards<00:53:28.300> a<00:53:28.360> recognition<00:53:28.750> first<00:53:29.500> of<00:53:29.710> all<00:53:29.830> of

towards a recognition first of all of

towards a recognition first of all of
the<00:53:30.310> phoenicians<00:53:31.050> component<00:53:32.050> to<00:53:32.110> Greek

the phoenicians component to Greek

the phoenicians component to Greek
civilization<00:53:32.890> I<00:53:32.950> think<00:53:33.100> it'll<00:53:33.220> take<00:53:33.490> stages

civilization I think it'll take stages

civilization I think it'll take stages
but<00:53:34.360> from<00:53:35.050> that<00:53:35.380> I<00:53:35.680> think<00:53:35.740> it's<00:53:36.040> following

but from that I think it's following

but from that I think it's following
through<00:53:36.880> and<00:53:37.090> the<00:53:37.750> positive<00:53:38.380> response<00:53:38.740> I've

through and the positive response I've

through and the positive response I've
had<00:53:39.010> to<00:53:39.100> my<00:53:39.190> book<00:53:39.340> in<00:53:39.460> England<00:53:39.730> of<00:53:39.790> course

had to my book in England of course

had to my book in England of course
keeping<00:53:40.480> my<00:53:40.570> fingers<00:53:40.840> crossed<00:53:40.900> about<00:53:41.320> the

keeping my fingers crossed about the

keeping my fingers crossed about the
response<00:53:41.740> to<00:53:41.830> it<00:53:41.980> here<00:53:42.280> but<00:53:43.210> leads<00:53:43.750> me<00:53:43.870> to

response to it here but leads me to

response to it here but leads me to
believe<00:53:44.020> the<00:53:44.260> time<00:53:44.500> is<00:53:44.710> right<00:53:45.070> for<00:53:45.390> a

believe the time is right for a

believe the time is right for a
fundamental<00:53:47.050> shift<00:53:47.350> of<00:53:47.980> attitudes<00:53:48.430> on<00:53:48.520> this

fundamental shift of attitudes on this

fundamental shift of attitudes on this
particular<00:53:48.910> issue<00:53:49.180> I'm<00:53:49.330> not<00:53:49.390> saying<00:53:49.690> racism

particular issue I'm not saying racism

particular issue I'm not saying racism
is<00:53:50.230> over<00:53:50.320> but<00:53:50.980> I<00:53:51.010> think<00:53:51.220> at<00:53:51.280> this<00:53:51.370> particular

is over but I think at this particular

is over but I think at this particular
point<00:53:52.270> it's<00:53:53.230> weakening<00:53:53.560> let's<00:53:53.830> take<00:53:53.950> a<00:53:53.980> call

point it's weakening let's take a call

point it's weakening let's take a call
from<00:53:54.190> the<00:53:54.400> Greater<00:53:54.580> Washington<00:53:54.820> DC<00:53:55.420> area<00:53:55.630> for

from the Greater Washington DC area for

from the Greater Washington DC area for
the<00:53:56.080> people<00:53:56.410> you're<00:53:56.680> on<00:53:56.800> the<00:53:56.920> air<00:54:04.620> put

the people you're on the air put

the people you're on the air put
together<00:54:05.710> a<00:54:05.920> dramatic<00:54:06.520> series<00:54:06.790> based<00:54:07.570> on<00:54:07.780> this

together a dramatic series based on this

together a dramatic series based on this
kind<00:54:08.050> of<00:54:08.170> book<00:54:08.440> so<00:54:08.920> we<00:54:09.010> could<00:54:09.160> see<00:54:09.840> if<00:54:10.840> there's

kind of book so we could see if there's

kind of book so we could see if there's
old<00:54:11.290> kind<00:54:11.590> of<00:54:11.680> Cleopatra<00:54:12.340> and<00:54:12.580> Anthony<00:54:13.060> and

old kind of Cleopatra and Anthony and

old kind of Cleopatra and Anthony and
Cleopatra<00:54:13.330> we<00:54:13.840> could<00:54:13.990> see<00:54:14.110> a<00:54:14.380> real<00:54:15.510> African

Cleopatra we could see a real African

Cleopatra we could see a real African
type<00:54:16.720> Cleopatra<00:54:17.440> so<00:54:17.500> our<00:54:17.890> young<00:54:18.130> people<00:54:18.340> can

type Cleopatra so our young people can

type Cleopatra so our young people can
see<00:54:18.730> what<00:54:19.210> really<00:54:19.420> happened<00:54:19.900> I<00:54:20.020> think<00:54:20.200> that

see what really happened I think that

see what really happened I think that
would<00:54:20.620> be<00:54:20.650> a<00:54:20.800> benefit<00:54:21.790> to<00:54:21.970> Iraq<00:54:22.210> okay<00:54:22.840> thank

would be a benefit to Iraq okay thank

would be a benefit to Iraq okay thank
you<00:54:23.440> thank<00:54:24.370> you<00:54:24.460> very<00:54:24.520> much<00:54:25.080> to<00:54:26.080> what<00:54:26.230> extent

you thank you very much to what extent

you thank you very much to what extent
did<00:54:27.580> this<00:54:27.790> battle<00:54:28.480> over<00:54:28.780> the<00:54:28.870> origins<00:54:29.290> of

did this battle over the origins of

did this battle over the origins of
Greek<00:54:29.620> civilization

Greek civilization

Greek civilization
evolve<00:54:31.999> around<00:54:32.390> white<00:54:32.779> men's<00:54:33.109> desire<00:54:34.150> to

evolve around white men's desire to

evolve around white men's desire to
control<00:54:35.569> the<00:54:35.869> world's<00:54:36.289> perception<00:54:36.950> of<00:54:37.099> the

control the world's perception of the

control the world's perception of the
past<00:54:37.970> and<00:54:38.890> thereby<00:54:39.890> shape<00:54:40.819> all<00:54:41.660> people's<00:54:42.380> view

past and thereby shape all people's view

past and thereby shape all people's view
of<00:54:42.739> the<00:54:43.190> present<00:54:43.640> and<00:54:43.700> the<00:54:43.789> future

of the present and the future

of the present and the future
it's<00:54:45.529> are<00:54:45.710> we<00:54:45.859> not<00:54:46.039> talking<00:54:46.279> about

it's are we not talking about

it's are we not talking about
controlling<00:54:47.569> people's<00:54:48.200> minds<00:54:48.739> and<00:54:48.829> how<00:54:48.950> they

controlling people's minds and how they

controlling people's minds and how they
see<00:54:49.190> the<00:54:49.460> world<00:54:49.489> or<00:54:50.119> the<00:54:50.299> effect<00:54:50.630> it's

see the world or the effect it's

see the world or the effect it's
absolutely<00:54:51.890> clear<00:54:52.160> and<00:54:52.339> the<00:54:53.329> terrifying

absolutely clear and the terrifying

absolutely clear and the terrifying
thing<00:54:53.960> is<00:54:54.229> the<00:54:54.349> way<00:54:54.470> in<00:54:54.710> which<00:54:54.739> what<00:54:55.729> is<00:54:55.999> the

thing is the way in which what is the

thing is the way in which what is the
history<00:54:56.749> writing<00:54:56.960> by<00:54:57.200> whites<00:54:57.440> for<00:54:57.739> whites<00:54:57.769> has

history writing by whites for whites has

history writing by whites for whites has
affected<00:54:58.880> non-whites<00:54:59.259> that<00:55:00.259> most<00:55:01.130> third

affected non-whites that most third

affected non-whites that most third
world<00:55:02.029> people<00:55:02.420> and<00:55:02.900> American<00:55:03.140> blacks<00:55:03.819> accept

world people and American blacks accept

world people and American blacks accept
at<00:55:05.749> some<00:55:06.049> level<00:55:06.440> this<00:55:06.680> idea<00:55:07.009> that<00:55:07.160> only

at some level this idea that only

at some level this idea that only
Europeans<00:55:08.029> can<00:55:08.269> really<00:55:08.569> do<00:55:08.720> things<00:55:09.019> I<00:55:09.259> mean<00:55:09.710> so

Europeans can really do things I mean so

Europeans can really do things I mean so
very<00:55:10.849> effective<00:55:11.180> propaganda<00:55:12.249> campaign<00:55:13.249> now

very effective propaganda campaign now

very effective propaganda campaign now
to<00:55:14.239> what<00:55:14.420> extent<00:55:14.809> I<00:55:14.960> don't<00:55:15.140> think<00:55:15.319> there<00:55:15.440> was<00:55:15.529> a

to what extent I don't think there was a

to what extent I don't think there was a
committee<00:55:15.979> which<00:55:16.220> set<00:55:16.430> out<00:55:16.460> saying<00:55:17.210> how<00:55:17.690> can

committee which set out saying how can

committee which set out saying how can
we<00:55:17.960> rewrite<00:55:18.349> history<00:55:18.619> to<00:55:19.249> justify

we rewrite history to justify

we rewrite history to justify
imperialism<00:55:20.749> and<00:55:21.049> slavery<00:55:21.769> it's<00:55:22.609> a

imperialism and slavery it's a

imperialism and slavery it's a
cumulative<00:55:23.059> process<00:55:23.569> that<00:55:24.529> you<00:55:24.650> said<00:55:24.829> you<00:55:24.950> had

cumulative process that you said you had

cumulative process that you said you had
a<00:55:25.130> whole<00:55:25.309> university<00:55:26.029> in<00:55:26.180> Germany<00:55:26.690> that<00:55:26.720> was

a whole university in Germany that was

a whole university in Germany that was
yeah<00:55:28.279> they<00:55:28.970> were<00:55:29.150> trying<00:55:29.420> to<00:55:29.509> apply<00:55:30.079> the

yeah they were trying to apply the

yeah they were trying to apply the
experiences<00:55:31.130> of<00:55:31.160> the<00:55:31.309> modern<00:55:31.579> world<00:55:31.789> which<00:55:32.029> is

experiences of the modern world which is

experiences of the modern world which is
the<00:55:32.239> mirror<00:55:32.450> of<00:55:32.630> the<00:55:32.660> world<00:55:32.749> of<00:55:33.109> European

the mirror of the world of European

the mirror of the world of European
expansion<00:55:33.950> to<00:55:34.880> the<00:55:34.910> third<00:55:35.299> world<00:55:35.509> to<00:55:36.229> the

expansion to the third world to the

expansion to the third world to the
study<00:55:37.099> of<00:55:37.690> ancient<00:55:38.690> society<00:55:39.440> so<00:55:40.099> that<00:55:40.279> in<00:55:40.400> some

study of ancient society so that in some

study of ancient society so that in some
way<00:55:40.729> the<00:55:40.910> knowledge<00:55:41.269> that<00:55:41.299> they<00:55:41.569> had<00:55:41.719> gained

way the knowledge that they had gained

way the knowledge that they had gained
from<00:55:42.339> colonial<00:55:43.339> exploitation<00:55:43.489> was<00:55:43.880> now<00:55:44.029> being

from colonial exploitation was now being

from colonial exploitation was now being
brought<00:55:44.390> home<00:55:44.630> okay<00:55:45.499> and<00:55:46.749> but<00:55:47.749> there<00:55:47.900> were

brought home okay and but there were

brought home okay and but there were
complications<00:55:49.180> but<00:55:50.180> I<00:55:50.329> think<00:55:50.509> the

complications but I think the

complications but I think the
overwhelming<00:55:51.259> triumph<00:55:52.190> of<00:55:52.400> Europe<00:55:52.670> in<00:55:52.910> this

overwhelming triumph of Europe in this

overwhelming triumph of Europe in this
period<00:55:53.479> fed<00:55:54.200> in<00:55:54.410> to<00:55:55.369> this<00:55:55.779> misperception<00:55:56.809> what

period fed in to this misperception what

period fed in to this misperception what
do<00:55:57.229> you<00:55:57.319> Rica<00:55:57.619> stream<00:55:57.829> what<00:55:58.009> do<00:55:58.099> you<00:55:58.190> think<00:55:58.489> the

do you Rica stream what do you think the

do you Rica stream what do you think the
future<00:55:58.969> holds<00:55:58.999> for<00:56:00.069> the<00:56:01.069> African<00:56:01.849> model<00:56:02.660> of

future holds for the African model of

future holds for the African model of
origins<00:56:03.190> for<00:56:04.190> the<00:56:04.279> origins<00:56:04.670> of<00:56:04.789> Greek

origins for the origins of Greek

origins for the origins of Greek
civilization<00:56:05.329> and<00:56:05.900> the<00:56:06.319> Aryan<00:56:06.680> model<00:56:07.009> well

civilization and the Aryan model well

civilization and the Aryan model well
I'm<00:56:08.239> always<00:56:08.749> an<00:56:08.989> optimist<00:56:09.440> I<00:56:09.619> think<00:56:10.039> that<00:56:10.369> the

I'm always an optimist I think that the

I'm always an optimist I think that the
Phoenician<00:56:12.680> component<00:56:13.219> in<00:56:13.969> Greek

Phoenician component in Greek

Phoenician component in Greek
civilization<00:56:14.779> will<00:56:15.079> be<00:56:15.109> recognized<00:56:15.589> in<00:56:15.769> five

civilization will be recognized in five

civilization will be recognized in five
years<00:56:16.309> and<00:56:16.609> I<00:56:16.849> think<00:56:17.059> by<00:56:17.150> the<00:56:17.210> end<00:56:17.390> of<00:56:17.479> the

years and I think by the end of the

years and I think by the end of the
century<00:56:17.779> why<00:56:18.499> that<00:56:18.769> one<00:56:19.009> before<00:56:19.400> thee<00:56:20.920> because

century why that one before thee because

century why that one before thee because
I<00:56:23.059> think<00:56:23.390> that<00:56:23.710> the<00:56:24.710> Phoenicians<00:56:25.130> are<00:56:25.249> related

I think that the Phoenicians are related

I think that the Phoenicians are related
to<00:56:25.789> Jews<00:56:26.269> and<00:56:26.660> the<00:56:27.380> Jews<00:56:27.589> are<00:56:27.619> being<00:56:28.160> accepted

to Jews and the Jews are being accepted

to Jews and the Jews are being accepted
now<00:56:29.329> well<00:56:29.539> I<00:56:29.569> always<00:56:29.779> say<00:56:30.079> that<00:56:30.289> the

now well I always say that the

now well I always say that the
Phoenicians<00:56:30.890> are<00:56:31.039> related<00:56:31.339> to<00:56:31.430> Jews<00:56:31.670> because

Phoenicians are related to Jews because

Phoenicians are related to Jews because
Phoenicians<00:56:33.259> you<00:56:33.859> said<00:56:34.099> in<00:56:34.190> your<00:56:34.309> book<00:56:34.519> that

Phoenicians you said in your book that

Phoenicians you said in your book that
in<00:56:36.289> introduction<00:56:36.979> that<00:56:37.249> consciously<00:56:37.789> to

in introduction that consciously to

in introduction that consciously to
quote<00:56:38.269> you<00:56:38.450> consciously<00:56:39.380> or<00:56:39.529> unconsciously

quote you consciously or unconsciously

quote you consciously or unconsciously
European<00:56:41.960> thinkers

European thinkers

European thinkers
saw<00:56:43.840> the<00:56:45.360> phoenicians<00:56:46.360> as<00:56:46.630> the<00:56:46.869> Jews<00:56:47.110> of

saw the phoenicians as the Jews of

saw the phoenicians as the Jews of
antiquity<00:56:49.650> these<00:56:50.650> same<00:56:51.600> European<00:56:52.600> thinkers

antiquity these same European thinkers

antiquity these same European thinkers
probably<00:56:54.340> thought<00:56:54.580> and<00:56:54.910> apparently<00:56:55.330> thought

probably thought and apparently thought

probably thought and apparently thought
that<00:56:55.869> the<00:56:56.080> Africa<00:56:57.010> that<00:56:57.280> the<00:56:57.460> Egyptians<00:56:57.970> were

that the Africa that the Egyptians were

that the Africa that the Egyptians were
white<00:56:58.510> would<00:56:59.500> you<00:56:59.619> explain<00:57:00.450> there's<00:57:01.450> a

white would you explain there's a

white would you explain there's a
relationship<00:57:02.460> that's<00:57:03.460> complicated<00:57:03.880> because

relationship that's complicated because

relationship that's complicated because
people<00:57:05.590> who<00:57:05.680> liked<00:57:05.890> ancient<00:57:06.310> Egypt

people who liked ancient Egypt

people who liked ancient Egypt
particularly<00:57:07.090> the<00:57:07.150> Freemasons<00:57:07.690> in<00:57:07.960> the<00:57:08.350> 18th

particularly the Freemasons in the 18th

particularly the Freemasons in the 18th
century<00:57:09.030> portrayed<00:57:10.030> the<00:57:10.720> Egyptians<00:57:11.680> as<00:57:11.800> white

century portrayed the Egyptians as white

century portrayed the Egyptians as white
if<00:57:13.150> you<00:57:13.330> accept<00:57:13.690> the<00:57:13.810> Egyptians<00:57:14.410> as<00:57:14.710> civilized

if you accept the Egyptians as civilized

if you accept the Egyptians as civilized
then<00:57:15.250> you<00:57:15.340> have<00:57:15.430> to<00:57:15.520> make<00:57:15.640> them<00:57:15.790> white<00:57:16.470> what

then you have to make them white what

then you have to make them white what
happened<00:57:17.950> in<00:57:18.250> the<00:57:18.610> 19th<00:57:18.970> century<00:57:19.030> is<00:57:19.300> they

happened in the 19th century is they

happened in the 19th century is they
took<00:57:19.510> out<00:57:19.630> a<00:57:19.660> double<00:57:20.020> insurance<00:57:20.440> policy<00:57:20.860> you

took out a double insurance policy you

took out a double insurance policy you
got<00:57:21.100> 30<00:57:21.310> seconds<00:57:21.730> okay<00:57:23.400> if<00:57:24.400> blacks<00:57:24.790> a

got 30 seconds okay if blacks a

got 30 seconds okay if blacks a
inherently<00:57:25.390> uncivilized<00:57:26.070> you've<00:57:27.070> got<00:57:27.250> to

inherently uncivilized you've got to

inherently uncivilized you've got to
shut<00:57:27.460> them<00:57:27.610> out<00:57:27.700> two<00:57:27.910> ways<00:57:28.060> they<00:57:28.300> Egypt<00:57:28.900> cannot

shut them out two ways they Egypt cannot

shut them out two ways they Egypt cannot
be<00:57:29.350> in<00:57:29.410> black<00:57:29.680> and<00:57:29.710> Egypt<00:57:30.310> cannot<00:57:30.490> have<00:57:30.700> been

be in black and Egypt cannot have been

be in black and Egypt cannot have been
civilized<00:57:31.240> so<00:57:31.840> you<00:57:31.900> keep<00:57:32.320> them<00:57:32.500> out<00:57:32.619> in<00:57:32.890> both

civilized so you keep them out in both

civilized so you keep them out in both
ways<00:57:33.340> and<00:57:33.520> the<00:57:33.640> central<00:57:34.000> project<00:57:34.150> was<00:57:34.450> to<00:57:34.540> keep

ways and the central project was to keep

ways and the central project was to keep
Africans<00:57:35.230> away<00:57:35.380> from<00:57:35.560> civilization<00:57:35.830> okay<00:57:36.850> we

Africans away from civilization okay we

Africans away from civilization okay we
thank<00:57:38.050> you<00:57:38.200> very<00:57:38.230> much<00:57:38.619> for<00:57:38.830> coming<00:57:39.130> in<00:57:39.250> and<00:57:39.340> we

thank you very much for coming in and we

thank you very much for coming in and we
know<00:57:39.820> that<00:57:40.360> we<00:57:40.600> have<00:57:40.750> pushed<00:57:41.080> you<00:57:41.320> through

know that we have pushed you through

know that we have pushed you through
this<00:57:41.740> the<00:57:42.369> last<00:57:42.640> time<00:57:42.760> we<00:57:43.060> did<00:57:43.210> something<00:57:43.420> on

this the last time we did something on

this the last time we did something on
this<00:57:43.930> topic<00:57:44.260> I<00:57:44.590> think<00:57:45.190> we<00:57:45.310> took<00:57:45.490> three<00:57:45.880> hours

this topic I think we took three hours

this topic I think we took three hours
to<00:57:47.220> slowly<00:57:48.220> and<00:57:48.490> carefully<00:57:49.150> develop<00:57:49.960> it<00:57:50.109> I

to slowly and carefully develop it I

to slowly and carefully develop it I
want<00:57:50.560> to<00:57:50.650> thank<00:57:50.800> our<00:57:50.920> all<00:57:51.220> our<00:57:51.340> viewers<00:57:51.550> in

want to thank our all our viewers in

want to thank our all our viewers in
South<00:57:52.300> Carolina<00:57:52.840> and<00:57:53.080> the<00:57:53.170> Greater

South Carolina and the Greater

South Carolina and the Greater
Washington<00:57:53.590> DC<00:57:54.340> and<00:57:54.540> specifically<00:57:55.540> Howard

Washington DC and specifically Howard

Washington DC and specifically Howard
University<00:57:56.830> is<00:57:56.890> w<00:57:57.220> hmm<00:57:57.840> television

University is w hmm television

University is w hmm television
mr.<00:57:59.530> Arnold<00:57:59.710> Wallace<00:58:00.100> and<00:58:00.400> over<00:58:00.790> Brennan

mr. Arnold Wallace and over Brennan

mr. Arnold Wallace and over Brennan
thank<00:58:01.420> you<00:58:01.600> that's<00:58:01.900> our<00:58:02.080> program<00:58:02.290> good

thank you that's our program good

thank you that's our program good
evening