All language subtitles for Making A New China Ep. 01_ The Birth of the Party

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number 76

shinyaro shanghai a historic building

of global significance here 100 years

ago

a remarkable gathering took place the

first

ever national congress of the communist

party of china

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october 31st 2017 a week

after the cpc's 19th national congress

general secretary xi jinping and the

standing committee

of the political bureau of the cpc

central committee

arrive in shanghai to pay homage to the

site that witnessed the birth of the

communist party of china

as a political force

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the sound of these oaths being

resolutely reaffirmed

touches the hearts of everyone present

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in 1840 britain a european capitalist

power

eager to expand overseas launched the

opium war against

china british forces sailed across the

oceans

with just a few thousand soldiers and

invaded china

fighting northward along the chinese

coastlines they finally defeated the

forces of the qing

the imperial dynasty that ruled china at

that time

after the opium war the western powers

coerced

china into signing hundreds of unequal

treaties

corrupt and incompetent the qing

government became little more than a

tool

in the hands of the foreign powers

dominating china

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in 1901 the qing authorities were forced

to sign

another unequal treaty the boxer

protocol

it compelled china to pay a massive

indemnity

to foreign imperialist powers that had

invaded china the year before

a sum of this magnitude had never before

been demanded in china's modern history

the terms of the boxer protocol added

insult to injury

as well as paying 450 million tales of

silver

and annual interest payments china was

also

forced to surrender control over the

so-called legation quarter

this became an exclusive zone for

foreign diplomats and other

representatives of foreign interests

now there was a foreign enclave exempt

from chinese law

right outside the imperial palace

the boxer protocol marked a new low

china

had now sunk to both semi-feudal and

semi-colonial status

in 1904 a young man called chun du shio

published a poem lamenting the state of

the country

in his own newspaper bear witness to the

end

of an ancient nation and the suffering

of 400 million compatriots

blessed are those who can care for

nothing but themselves

painful is the lot of he who cares for

the nation

but chinese people did not meekly sit

back as the country went to iraq and

ruin

they resisted and sought for solutions

to the country's plight

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from the taiping rebellion of the mid

19th century

to the hundred days reform of the 1890s

to the boxer rebellion of 1900 countless

chinese people struggle to save the

nation

and its people

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in october 1911 this struggle reached a

pivotal moment

the shinhai revolution overthrew the

qing dynasty

at a stroke over 2 000 years of

autocratic monarchy

came to an end

more significantly however the abolition

of china's age-old

imperial system had the effect of

opening up new

intellectual and ideological vistas to

the chinese people

this in the long run removed barriers to

the nation's development

and liberated its potential

but the reality was that the 1911

revolution

was not enough on its own to rescue

china from the palace state in which it

found itself

emperor or no emperor the country

remained a semi-colonial

semi-feudal society for that reason

the various political forces that

emerged in the immediate

wake of the revolution were all destined

to fail

pain and humiliation would remain the

lot of the chinese people

but there were signs of hope in

september 1915

chen du shio started a publication

called youth

in shanghai renamed la jones

meaning new youth from the second issue

the journal rejected china's feudal

culture

instead seeking solutions to china's

problems

in modern science and democracy chun

was soon joined by a young man called li

da zhao

who published an article in new youth

this piece

was fittingly entitled

enjoy in 1917

saiyan pay then president of peking

university

appointed chen du shio dean of the

university school of liberal arts

when chun relocated to beijing so too

did new youth's editorial office in

january 1918

li da zhao became director of peking

university's library

followed a little later by mao zedong a

founder of the xinmin society

in hunan province three men

destined to alter the course of chinese

history all

in one place

thus chengdu show's journal began its

close connection with peking university

with regular contributions from rising

literary star liu xun

as well as li da zhao new youth and

peking university

more generally played the central role

in the emerging new culture movement

but the new culture movement's emphasis

on bourgeois democratic solutions was

problematic

firstly the first world war had revealed

the contradictions inherent in the

capitalist system

in the starkest terms possible

secondly the repeated failure of

attempts to reshape china along western

lines

had made the chinese intelligentsia

increasingly skeptical

about reforming china as a capitalist

republic

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so the success of the russian revolution

of october 1917

introduced an ideological alternative

marxism that with its stress on

anti-imperialism

had special appeal in china still at the

mercy of the capitalist and

imperialist powers thus chinese

intellectuals

began to move away from western inspired

ideas

and pay more attention to socialism were

the answers to china's problems

waiting to be found in the marxism that

had guided the russian revolution

in fact lidar zhao himself was the first

person to raise the communist banner in

china

in the wake of the october revolution

starting in july 1918

he published a series of articles on the

october revolution

like a comparative view of the french

and russian revolutions

the victory of bolshevism and the

victory of the plebeian

in which he hailed the world's first

communist state

as the revolutionary pioneer of the 20th

century world

whose foundation heralded a new dawn for

all humanity

he even predicted that one day the

communist banner

would fly over the whole world

the tilt away from the western inspired

bourgeois political solutions

intensified in 1919 gathered together in

paris to negotiate the treaties that

would formally end world war one

the allies rejected china's reasonable

request

to end germany's privileges in shandong

proposing to transfer them to japan

instead

under pressure from world powers china's

representatives were on the verge of

signing the treaty

but when news of this latest treaty

humiliation broke

the pent-up rage of the chinese people

erupted

like a volcano

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on may 4th 1919 more than 3 000 beijing

students

broke through lines of military police

and marched on tiananmen square

denouncing the terms of the paris peace

conference

a nationwide patriotic movement was born

the may 4th movement

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the may 4th movement also marked the

emergence of the chinese working class

as an independent political force

the chinese working class the

proletariat of a semi-colonial

and semi-feudal society mostly comprised

of destitute peasants and artisans

prior to the may 4th movement there were

about two million industrial workers in

china

laboring in conditions of unimaginable

hardship and poverty

for them extremely long hours low wages

and poor working conditions were the

norm

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on june 5th 1919 a month after the

student protests began

shanghai workers spontaneously came out

on strike

in support of the students within days

the number of strikers reached about

seventy thousand

workers in beijing tangshan hong kong

nanjing and other cities followed suit

in many cities merchants and business

owners also took action

in support of the movement paralyzing

the economy

before long the demonstrations had

spread to over 100 cities

in more than 20 provinces and regions

faced with popular pressure and

discontent at home on june 28th

the chinese delegation declined to sign

the treaty of versailles

in short the may 4th movement gave

progressive forces in chinese society

a boost in particular marxism became

more widely known

especially in the working class movement

thus

the may fourth movement can be seen to

pave the way for the establishment

of the communist party of china

further impetus was provided by li da

zhao who both edited

a special issue of new youth devoted to

marx's studies

and helped beijing's morning news

supplement create a marxist studies

column

meanwhile chundusho the ideological

leader of the new culture movement

had also begun to take a marxist

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foreign

in march 1920 guided by li da zhao

peking university student dong jong sha

and 18 other people secretly formed the

peking university

marxist study group the very first

marxist study group in china the group

called their library the communism study

this was the first significant

collection of marxist literature in

china

to this day the peking university

library possesses eight books

bearing the communism study seal

in may 1920 chun du shio proposed the

establishment

of another marxist study group in

shanghai

yusho sung chinwang dao li da

li hanjon and others soon join

the shanghai marxist study group

in april 1920 grigori voytinsky a

bolshevik commenter and representative

met with li da zhao and chundu shou in

beijing and shanghai

respectively this exchange provided lee

and chun with a more concrete

understanding of the russian revolution

in correspondence the issue of the

establishment of a chinese communist

party was raised

by august 1920 the first practical step

had been taken

a communist party organization had been

established in shanghai

with chen as secretary

from then on the editorial office of new

youth

had another role to lay the

organizational foundations

of the cpc

feng shui tang village in yiru jejung

the home town of chiang wang dao

in february 1920 chunwong dao secretly

returned here

with a mission to translate the

communist manifesto

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in august 1920 the chinese version of

the full

communist manifesto was published a

milestone

in the history of marxism in china

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in october lida zhao established a

communist party organization in beijing

in november it formally became the

beijing branch

of the communist party with lee as its

secretary

of state

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on november the 7th 1920 the shanghai

communist party organization

launched a monthly publication called

the communist

the banner of the communist party had

been raised in china

montage france is a quaint three-story

building

a century ago it was the residence of

tsai her son

and other chinese students taking part

in the diligent work

frugal study program

during his stay in france tsai her son

corresponded with mao zedong

on two occasions systematically

articulating his understanding

of the basic tenets of marxism and

proposing

the formal establishment of a chinese

communist party

mao's response was enthusiastic

excellent views

i could not agree with you more he

replied

facilitated by the newly founded party

organizations in shanghai and beijing

other communist entities emerged in

cities such as changsha

wuhan guangzhou and jinan

following suit chinese intellectuals and

students in japan

and france formed similar organizations

now the stage was set for the first

national congress of the cpc

this convened in july 1921

at 106 rue vance in shanghai's french

concession

today's number 76 shinier road

participants included li da and lee han

jun from shanghai

jiang guo tao and leo ren jing from

beijing

mao zedong and her shoe hung from

changsha

dongbi wu and chun tancho from wuhan

wang jing may and dong and ming from

jinan

chun gung war from guangzhou jo fo

who returned from japan and bao hui song

sent by chen duchy

they represented over 50 party members

nationwide

marin and nikolsky the common term

representatives were also present

chondushya and li da zhao didn't attend

due to their busy schedules

so as to avoid infiltration by secret

agents and french concession police

force raids

the venue for the last day of the

conference was a boat on nanhu lake

in jiashin

during this first national congress

several important decisions were made

principally the guiding principles of

the cpc were outlined

with communist party of china confirmed

as the party's name

and socialism and communism specified as

its goals

to be achieved by means of revolution

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furthermore the congress also set up a

central bureau

this gave the party an interim

leadership structure

with chen dushyo elected as secretary at

last

a nationwide communist party

organization had come

into existence in china

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in the decades that followed the

congress some of the delegates like mao

zedong

and dongbi war went on to become senior

party leaders

others died heroically in the years of

struggle that ensued

some fell by the wayside a few such as

jangwoo tao

jung war and jo for hai betrayed the

cause of the party

and nation great waves wash away the

sand

it's precisely this process of continual

renewal

that has enabled the party to go from

strength to strength

children

um

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the founding of the communist party of

china marked the beginning of a

revolutionary new chapter

in the history of the chinese nation it

was

a historical inevitability called into

being by the people

as the party of the most progressive

class in china

the working class the cpc represents not

only the interests of the working class

but also the interests of the entire

chinese people

and chinese nation

the birth of the communist party in

china would bring about the fulfillment

of the chinese revolution

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so

sometimes

foreign

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foreign

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foreign

yeah foreign

foreign

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