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[faint indistinct chatter]
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♪ dramatic music ♪
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♪♪♪♪♪
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[static crackling]
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[man] Today
the United Nations released
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a report on the assassination
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of Washington Post journalist
Jamal Khashoggi,
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and I must warn you
this report
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is the most horrifying thing
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that I've ever had to read
from this chair.
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- It says...
- [woman] On Tuesday,
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Jamal Khashoggi walked
into this Saudi consulate...
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[man] ...and seemed to vanish.
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[man] There is an anxiety
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that he could have been
spirited out of the country.
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[woman] The Saudi government
still offering
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conflicting narratives...
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[Salem] Jamal worked
directly for the royal family
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in different capacities.
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He was a loyal Saudi,
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but how he defined
that loyalty
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over time changed...
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speaking Arabic
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[laughter]
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[Salem]
...as did the kingdom itself.
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[woman] Turkish officials have
audio and video recordings
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that prove
the journalist was...
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[woman] ...strangled
as soon as he entered
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the Saudi consulate.
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[man] ...killed
during a fistfight.
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[woman] ...asphyxiated
with a plastic bag.
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[man] Khashoggi was
tortured, murdered...
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[Wright] Jamal enjoyed access
to princely protection,
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but that protection depended
upon the princes themselves
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having influence.
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[Maloney] He was already
in danger,
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but this was
exponentially more dangerous.
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The Saudi monarchy
operates like the Mafia,
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and you don't cross
the godfather.
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[man] This lays out
in forensic detail
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how they planned to murder
him, to dismember him.
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- [man] ...fingers cut off...
- [man] ...joints separated...
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[woman] You could
hear them laughing.
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We were always doing all this
work for something bigger,
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for country, for king.
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Anybody that tells you
that they know
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every aspect of Jamal's life,
they are 100% lying to you.
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[man] ...calling
for the administration
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to punish Saudi Arabia.
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[man] There's not a smoking
gun; there's a smoking saw.
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[man] This is the worst moment
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in U.S.-Saudi relations
since 9/11.
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[Obaid] I mean,
the moral of the story is...
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the moral of the story
is that there is no moral.
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There is no morality.
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I mean, what is
the morality of this?
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I wouldn't be able
to give you an answer.
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[static crackling]
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[man]
There are reports the CIA
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now has high confidence
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the murder was ordered
by the Saudi crown prince...
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[man] The United States
is condoning the murder
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of a U.S. resident...
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[Trump] Maybe he did.
Maybe he didn't.
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They did not know...
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[woman] Why kill
Jamal Khashoggi?
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♪♪♪♪♪
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[man] Okay, go ahead.
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[woman] Okay, great.
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Are you-are you looking
off camera?
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[man] Yeah, he's looking
off camera.
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[woman] Okay, thanks.
Great.
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How do I describe you?
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Like, what kind of title
should I give you?
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I'm a Saudi journalist, uh,
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self-exiled in Washington.
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[Faris as Khashoggi] I write
for The Washington Post.
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[woman] Okay, and why?
Why did you self-exile?
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[Faris as Khashoggi]
How breathtakingly fast
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you can fall out of favor.
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It is all quite shocking.
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Saudi Arabia is the only
home we know or want,
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yet we are the enemy.
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How did all this change?
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[engine rumbling]
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I was a teenager
in the 1970s
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and grew up in the markets
around the Prophet's Mosque.
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As a Saudi journalist
starting my career,
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I witnessed phenomenal
growth and expansion.
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Scholars and the people were
brimming with expectations.
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And the United States
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was our most important
trading partner,
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importer of Saudi oil
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and our main source
of weapons.
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[Rundell] The Saudi-American
relationship
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started as a commercial
relationship.
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The Saudis were a reservoir
of global energy.
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I was a foreign service
officer for 30 years.
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Basically, everybody
from Jimmy Carter
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to, uh, Barack Obama.
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There's really nobody--
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and I say that perhaps
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somewhat forcefully,
but it's true,
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that there is
no other American
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with my level of experience.
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The American government
really had no relations
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with Saudi Arabia until
what's today Chevron
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went there and began
to drill for oil.
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[Brennan] Administration
after administration,
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in the '50s, '60s, '70s,
'80s, '90s,
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wanted to make sure that
the government, uh, in Riyadh,
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uh, was going to be, uh,
one that was closely aligned
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with the United States.
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I was working
at the CIA in Saudi Arabia
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in the early 1980s.
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It was soon after King Fahd
rose to the throne.
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And during that period
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there was
a significant infusion
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of military support to
the fledging Saudi military.
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We were very concerned
about making sure
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the Saudi monarchy
was going to be stable.
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[indistinct chatter]
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[Wright]
Saudi Arabia is divided
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into the royals
and the nonroyals,
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and the royals own everything.
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You know, it's named
after their family.
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The whole kingdom
is Saudi Arabia,
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ruled by the sons
of King Abdulaziz
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for a hundred years.
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You can get totally lost
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in the Kremlinology
of the Saudi royal family.
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[indistinct chatter]
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But it's a family,
and they govern by consensus.
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There are spats
and there are factions,
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but until recently,
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decisions would be made
by consensus.
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And in the category
of nonroyals,
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Jamal Khashoggi
carried a lot of influence.
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I don't think there was
any place in Saudi Arabia
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that was closed to him.
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It wasn't just
that he was powerful.
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People liked him.
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[helicopter rotors whirring]
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Jamal had
an interesting analysis
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of the problems
of Saudi Arabia.
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We talked
about the schizophrenia
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that so many Saudis
had expressed to me.
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[indistinct chatter]
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It's undemocratic.
It's intolerant.
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It is one step
below a theocracy.
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From the beginning
of our relationship,
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America's had this tie
to this distinctly
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non-American entity
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and has enabled it,
up to this day, to survive.
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[man] speaking Arabic
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[Rundell] To call them
authoritarian
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is true in an absolute sense,
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but really,
most administrations
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who deal with Saudi Arabia
over time
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become aware of the fact
that Saudi Arabia
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is a valuable friend,
a valuable ally,
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and to throw that
under the bus is a bad idea.
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[call to prayer playing
over loudspeakers]
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[Wright] Saudi Arabia
was a part of the world
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that we didn't care about,
except for the oil.
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They can believe
what they want to believe
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as long as they keep pumping.
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But that totally changed
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when the Soviets
invaded Afghanistan
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in December '79.
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[artillery firing]
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[gunfire]
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Afghanistan was
the major Islamic cause
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in Saudi Arabia in the '80s.
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Americans did not want
to appear
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as if they are in direct war
with the Soviet Union,
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so we in Saudi Arabia
and Pakistan
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were doing a cover-up
in the operation,
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which was an open secret.
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Everybody knew about it,
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this Saudi-American-Pakistani
campaign
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to drive the Soviet Union
out of Afghanistan.
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♪♪♪♪♪
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I do not deny
that I had sympathy
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toward the Afghan cause,
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because, uh, I myself come out
from Islamic circles,
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and I still believe
it was a just cause.
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And Saudi Arabia should be
appreciated for that.
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And it was a big story, which,
uh, kind of, uh, made my name
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in the field of journalism.
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[all] chanting in Arabic
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[chanting continues]
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♪♪♪♪♪
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[Faris as Khashoggi]
The Arab News,
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Afghanistan,
May 4, 1988.
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A report by Jamal Khashoggi.
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Muslims are one nation.
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Despite geographical barriers
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and differences
in color and language,
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they consider
themselves brothers.
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As many as 1,000 Arab youths
are here in Afghanistan.
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They are actively involved
in the war.
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Most come
from Saudi Arabia, Egypt,
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Algeria, Morocco.
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The assistant
to the commander
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of the northern Panjshir base
is an Algerian
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named Abdullah Anas.
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♪♪♪♪♪
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[Anas] So you have
to cross seven mountains
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to come from Pakistan.
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Jamal Khashoggi,
I remember,
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we come across with him.
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You are talking
about a journey
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where, uh, could have,
uh, avalanche, snow.
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You could face air strikes.
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You could, uh, face ambushes
from the Soviets.
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But on top of being scared,
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you are more excited
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because you feel
this is a gift
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you are gifted by Allah,
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that you are part
of the mujahideen,
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you are, uh, um...
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finally, you are, uh,
making the history
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with these heroes and these,
uh-uh, brave people.
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So all this makes you
forget that threat,
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forget the-the fear,
forget, uh, everything.
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♪♪♪♪♪
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speaking Arabic
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♪♪♪♪♪
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00:11:05,195 --> 00:11:07,317
[artillery firing]
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[Wright]
Jamal went to Afghanistan
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to be a war correspondent.
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He did not have much
of a reputation then,
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but there was
this little group of Arabs
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led by Osama bin Laden,
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00:11:20,652 --> 00:11:23,375
who was, at that point,
practically unknown.
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It was a propitious moment
in Jamal's career.
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They got to be friends.
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He was somewhat blinded
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by the charisma
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and-and the-the sense
of history
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that surrounded
this young man.
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♪♪♪♪♪
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[Anas] speaking Arabic
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00:12:03,579 --> 00:12:05,161
[Khashoggi] I met Osama
the first time
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00:12:05,261 --> 00:12:06,963
at the end of '87,
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00:12:07,063 --> 00:12:09,886
and that's where I took
the first picture of him ever
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00:12:09,986 --> 00:12:13,250
to be printed in any media.
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He was the leader or,
as he used to be called,
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00:12:15,993 --> 00:12:18,816
the emir of the Arab
mujahideen in Afghanistan.
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00:12:18,916 --> 00:12:20,819
[Wright] Osama bin Laden
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00:12:20,919 --> 00:12:23,622
became Saudi Arabia's
first celebrity,
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00:12:23,722 --> 00:12:26,425
a category that didn't exist
in Saudi Arabia
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until that time,
and I think, to some extent,
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00:12:28,807 --> 00:12:31,410
Jamal helped him
become that person.
256
00:12:38,298 --> 00:12:39,639
[Bishara] Jamal and I,
257
00:12:39,739 --> 00:12:41,802
I mean, I was actually
an opinion page writer,
258
00:12:41,902 --> 00:12:44,485
so we would meet
every once in a while,
259
00:12:44,585 --> 00:12:46,587
uh, along with other
colleagues.
260
00:12:48,629 --> 00:12:52,013
Jamal was one of those
important sources,
261
00:12:52,113 --> 00:12:53,575
a treasure, I would say.
262
00:12:53,675 --> 00:12:56,338
He was sitting on this
crossroad of relationship
263
00:12:56,438 --> 00:12:59,341
between Saudi Arabia
and the United States
264
00:12:59,441 --> 00:13:02,585
fighting the Soviet Union
in Afghanistan.
265
00:13:02,685 --> 00:13:04,707
But of course, we would take
a lot of what he said
266
00:13:04,807 --> 00:13:08,311
with grain of salt
because he was, at the time,
267
00:13:08,411 --> 00:13:10,694
associated with
the Saudi establishment.
268
00:13:13,056 --> 00:13:16,721
There weren't many
Saudi or other journalists
269
00:13:16,821 --> 00:13:20,204
who had access to bin Laden
or to those groups.
270
00:13:20,304 --> 00:13:22,767
These were different times.
271
00:13:22,867 --> 00:13:24,810
The United States
and Saudi Arabia
272
00:13:24,910 --> 00:13:26,772
celebrated radical Islam
273
00:13:26,872 --> 00:13:28,293
as long as radical Islam
274
00:13:28,393 --> 00:13:31,978
was directly
against communism.
275
00:13:32,078 --> 00:13:34,220
[Soufan] I started working
on Osama bin Laden
276
00:13:34,320 --> 00:13:37,464
for the National Security
Division here in New York.
277
00:13:37,564 --> 00:13:39,586
I read Arabic media,
278
00:13:39,686 --> 00:13:42,509
and I knew of Jamal Khashoggi,
279
00:13:42,609 --> 00:13:45,593
and I knew about his...
you know, his-his writings
280
00:13:45,693 --> 00:13:47,695
and his relationship
with the Saudi government.
281
00:13:49,377 --> 00:13:51,439
The Saudis had a lot to gain
282
00:13:51,539 --> 00:13:52,921
from promoting
Osama bin Laden,
283
00:13:53,021 --> 00:13:55,604
and Jamal was part
of that effort.
284
00:13:55,704 --> 00:13:58,367
Afghan jihad made
Osama bin Laden.
285
00:13:58,467 --> 00:13:59,929
But the Saudis were not
doing their own thing
286
00:14:00,029 --> 00:14:01,370
in Afghanistan.
287
00:14:01,470 --> 00:14:03,613
It was a part
of the U.S.'s strategy.
288
00:14:03,713 --> 00:14:06,596
We gave them Stinger missiles,
for heaven's sake.
289
00:14:09,799 --> 00:14:11,541
The Saudis were working
very closely
290
00:14:11,641 --> 00:14:13,343
with the United States.
291
00:14:13,443 --> 00:14:15,105
They used to come and visit
Ronald Reagan
292
00:14:15,205 --> 00:14:16,827
in the White House.
293
00:14:16,927 --> 00:14:20,031
We had recruitment offices
here in the United States.
294
00:14:20,131 --> 00:14:21,633
[laughter]
295
00:14:21,733 --> 00:14:23,475
This is when
the Saudi interests,
296
00:14:23,575 --> 00:14:26,238
our interests,
Osama bin Laden's interests
297
00:14:26,338 --> 00:14:27,559
were all the same:
298
00:14:27,659 --> 00:14:29,882
defeat the Soviets
in Afghanistan.
299
00:14:29,982 --> 00:14:32,865
[applause]
300
00:14:34,947 --> 00:14:36,850
On behalf
of the American people,
301
00:14:36,950 --> 00:14:39,813
I salute Chairman Khalis,
302
00:14:39,913 --> 00:14:41,415
his delegation,
303
00:14:41,515 --> 00:14:44,498
and the people
of Afghanistan themselves.
304
00:14:44,598 --> 00:14:47,021
You are a nation of heroes.
God bless you.
305
00:14:47,121 --> 00:14:48,703
[applause]
306
00:14:48,803 --> 00:14:50,104
[Clarke] During
the Reagan administration,
307
00:14:50,204 --> 00:14:52,347
I was the Deputy Assistant
Secretary of State
308
00:14:52,447 --> 00:14:54,549
for Intelligence,
309
00:14:54,649 --> 00:14:57,472
and we were very much focused
on the war in Afghanistan
310
00:14:57,572 --> 00:14:59,314
on a day-to-day basis, uh,
311
00:14:59,414 --> 00:15:02,638
calculating how many Russian
helicopters had been shot down.
312
00:15:02,738 --> 00:15:04,000
They applauded.
313
00:15:04,100 --> 00:15:05,561
The soldiers
actually applauded.
314
00:15:05,661 --> 00:15:07,003
[Clarke] We followed
the progress
315
00:15:07,103 --> 00:15:08,365
of the mujahideen
316
00:15:08,465 --> 00:15:11,048
in combating
the Soviet troops,
317
00:15:11,148 --> 00:15:14,051
and these were really
mountain people,
318
00:15:14,151 --> 00:15:16,614
Afghan tribal leaders.
319
00:15:16,714 --> 00:15:18,816
And the only thing we really
had in common with them
320
00:15:18,916 --> 00:15:21,419
was, we both wanted
to defeat the Soviets.
321
00:15:21,519 --> 00:15:23,681
We had nothing else in common.
322
00:15:25,483 --> 00:15:26,665
[Wright] For the U.S.,
323
00:15:26,765 --> 00:15:28,947
spreading this kind
of radical Islam
324
00:15:29,047 --> 00:15:30,870
was not seen in those days
as a threat.
325
00:15:30,970 --> 00:15:32,031
It was just a tool.
326
00:15:32,131 --> 00:15:34,193
Thank you very much.
327
00:15:34,293 --> 00:15:37,156
[Wright] No one ever really
thought about the aftermath.
328
00:15:37,256 --> 00:15:39,719
[gunfire]
329
00:15:39,819 --> 00:15:41,561
[Rather] The retreat
of Soviet military power
330
00:15:41,661 --> 00:15:43,243
from Afghanistan is complete.
331
00:15:43,343 --> 00:15:45,886
Fear and uncertainty
were mixed with joy today
332
00:15:45,986 --> 00:15:48,169
as the commander
of Soviet troops
333
00:15:48,269 --> 00:15:50,571
followed the last of his men
across the border,
334
00:15:50,671 --> 00:15:53,535
leaving the communist
Afghan regime alone
335
00:15:53,635 --> 00:15:55,937
to face victorious
resistance fighters.
336
00:15:56,037 --> 00:15:58,901
♪ uneasy music ♪
337
00:15:59,001 --> 00:16:03,886
♪♪♪♪♪
338
00:16:09,492 --> 00:16:11,755
[Anas] Those days,
those years,
339
00:16:11,855 --> 00:16:14,398
it's the heaven of my life.
340
00:16:14,498 --> 00:16:16,961
I will never regret
those days.
341
00:16:17,061 --> 00:16:19,924
♪♪♪♪♪
342
00:16:20,024 --> 00:16:23,928
The mujahideen came to Kabul
in one caravan.
343
00:16:24,028 --> 00:16:26,691
I remember-still remember
seeing Jamal Khashoggi,
344
00:16:26,791 --> 00:16:28,654
"Oh, brother Abdullah."
345
00:16:28,754 --> 00:16:30,255
Jamal also was excited
346
00:16:30,355 --> 00:16:33,259
because this is the moment
he was waiting for, uh,
347
00:16:33,359 --> 00:16:35,361
like the hundreds
of Arabs.
348
00:16:36,482 --> 00:16:38,224
[Khashoggi]
I approved of the war
349
00:16:38,324 --> 00:16:40,667
against the Soviet Union,
350
00:16:40,767 --> 00:16:45,112
but in 1990 and on,
it was not the same.
351
00:16:45,212 --> 00:16:48,836
Al-Qaeda was established
around that time,
352
00:16:48,936 --> 00:16:51,479
and I covered
Osama bin Laden
353
00:16:51,579 --> 00:16:56,124
when he was, uh, part
of, uh, a campaign
354
00:16:56,224 --> 00:16:58,487
which I agreed,
355
00:16:58,587 --> 00:17:01,750
but I saw him change.
356
00:17:03,512 --> 00:17:05,975
Afghanistan had become
so ugly.
357
00:17:06,075 --> 00:17:08,498
Abdullah Anas, a friend,
he said to me once
358
00:17:08,598 --> 00:17:10,660
that he did not like it
very much.
359
00:17:10,760 --> 00:17:11,982
It was full of divisions,
360
00:17:12,082 --> 00:17:15,506
full of envy
and poisonous ideas.
361
00:17:15,606 --> 00:17:17,608
I think he was right.
362
00:17:18,409 --> 00:17:22,874
This happiness slowly,
slowly started to-to transfer
363
00:17:22,974 --> 00:17:24,315
to a nightmare,
364
00:17:24,415 --> 00:17:26,838
to a funeral,
365
00:17:26,938 --> 00:17:31,463
and then the rockets started
coming from everywhere.
366
00:17:33,145 --> 00:17:35,528
So all that dream, gone.
367
00:17:35,628 --> 00:17:39,212
Replaced by civil war.
368
00:17:39,312 --> 00:17:41,174
♪ somber music ♪
369
00:17:41,274 --> 00:17:45,139
[Clarke] If we had
just left Afghanistan alone,
370
00:17:45,239 --> 00:17:47,341
in 20/20 hindsight,
371
00:17:47,441 --> 00:17:50,344
I think things might have been
better, uh, in the long run.
372
00:17:50,444 --> 00:17:52,787
♪♪♪♪♪
373
00:17:52,887 --> 00:17:54,589
[Brennan]
Both within CIA
374
00:17:54,689 --> 00:17:56,151
as well as in
the Saudi government,
375
00:17:56,251 --> 00:17:59,154
there was a sense
of accomplishment.
376
00:17:59,254 --> 00:18:02,718
There were certainly missteps
that had consequences,
377
00:18:02,818 --> 00:18:04,320
uh, negative consequences,
whatever,
378
00:18:04,420 --> 00:18:06,602
but, uh, that's history.
379
00:18:06,702 --> 00:18:08,324
♪♪♪♪♪
380
00:18:08,424 --> 00:18:10,547
[jet engine whooshing]
381
00:18:13,670 --> 00:18:16,754
[crowd screaming]
382
00:18:18,676 --> 00:18:21,799
[sirens wailing]
383
00:18:25,203 --> 00:18:27,205
[horns blaring]
384
00:18:30,369 --> 00:18:33,652
[panicked chatter]
385
00:18:36,095 --> 00:18:39,659
[sirens blaring]
386
00:18:40,500 --> 00:18:43,503
[Faris as Khashoggi] I
collapsed crying a while ago.
387
00:18:44,344 --> 00:18:48,068
Why did 15 of our young men
take part in the attacks?
388
00:18:50,391 --> 00:18:52,914
What can we tell
these boys' mothers?
389
00:18:54,475 --> 00:18:58,240
Will we repeat the lie that
they were martyred for Islam?
390
00:19:01,203 --> 00:19:03,906
I collapsed crying
a while ago,
391
00:19:04,006 --> 00:19:07,470
heartbroken for you, Osama.
392
00:19:07,570 --> 00:19:09,152
You were beautiful and brave
393
00:19:09,252 --> 00:19:13,316
in those beautiful days
in Afghanistan
394
00:19:13,416 --> 00:19:17,020
before you surrendered
to hatred and rage.
395
00:19:19,904 --> 00:19:22,587
What happened
in the last ten years?
396
00:19:27,032 --> 00:19:29,054
We must ensure
that our children
397
00:19:29,154 --> 00:19:32,818
can never be influenced
by extremist ideas,
398
00:19:32,918 --> 00:19:34,980
like those 15 Saudis
399
00:19:35,080 --> 00:19:37,864
who were misled
into hijacking four planes
400
00:19:37,964 --> 00:19:41,227
that fine September day,
401
00:19:41,327 --> 00:19:43,950
piloting them and us
402
00:19:44,050 --> 00:19:48,315
straight into
the jaws of hell.
403
00:19:48,415 --> 00:19:53,581
♪♪♪♪♪
404
00:19:56,704 --> 00:19:58,647
[Clarke]
A lot of us felt rage,
405
00:19:58,747 --> 00:20:00,409
rage against
our own government
406
00:20:00,509 --> 00:20:02,211
that we were part of.
407
00:20:02,311 --> 00:20:04,934
Fifteen of the hijackers
were Saudis,
408
00:20:05,034 --> 00:20:07,216
and the warnings were clear,
409
00:20:07,316 --> 00:20:10,220
but they were ignored
at the highest levels,
410
00:20:10,320 --> 00:20:11,701
uh, repeatedly,
411
00:20:11,801 --> 00:20:12,862
and the price was enormous.
412
00:20:12,962 --> 00:20:16,346
[indistinct chatter]
413
00:20:16,446 --> 00:20:18,449
[gavel banging]
414
00:20:23,454 --> 00:20:25,997
[Kean] Our next witness
is Mr. Richard Clarke,
415
00:20:26,097 --> 00:20:28,119
who served as a former
National Coordinator
416
00:20:28,219 --> 00:20:31,003
for Counterterrorism at
the National Security Council.
417
00:20:31,103 --> 00:20:32,925
[Clarke] I think
the Saudi government knew
418
00:20:33,025 --> 00:20:35,488
that they were at risk
of the American people
419
00:20:35,588 --> 00:20:38,571
and the American Congress
and the American media
420
00:20:38,671 --> 00:20:42,215
going after them, uh, for
having supported, uh, al-Qaeda.
421
00:20:42,315 --> 00:20:46,900
To the loved ones
of the victims of 9/11,
422
00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:49,543
to them who are here
in the room,
423
00:20:49,643 --> 00:20:53,468
to those who are watching
on television,
424
00:20:53,568 --> 00:20:56,911
your government failed you.
425
00:20:57,011 --> 00:21:01,797
Those entrusted with
protecting you failed you.
426
00:21:01,897 --> 00:21:04,960
And I failed you.
427
00:21:05,060 --> 00:21:07,243
[Rhodes] I worked two years
for the Democratic
428
00:21:07,343 --> 00:21:09,806
Vice Chairman
of the 9/11 Commission,
429
00:21:09,906 --> 00:21:12,409
and one of the areas
of research that I did for him
430
00:21:12,509 --> 00:21:14,771
was Saudi Arabia, and...
431
00:21:14,871 --> 00:21:18,535
and, um, you know,
432
00:21:18,635 --> 00:21:20,938
as someone who witnessed 9/11,
who's a New Yorker,
433
00:21:21,038 --> 00:21:22,460
it wasn't just the reality
434
00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:25,743
that 15 of the 19 hijackers
were Saudi
435
00:21:25,843 --> 00:21:28,466
but also that a lot
of the financing for al-Qaeda
436
00:21:28,566 --> 00:21:30,949
came from wealthy
Saudi individuals.
437
00:21:31,049 --> 00:21:33,192
[indistinct chatter]
438
00:21:33,292 --> 00:21:35,795
[Rundell] You gotta remember
that the 3,000 dead Americans
439
00:21:35,895 --> 00:21:37,156
were not the result
of anything
440
00:21:37,256 --> 00:21:39,278
that the Saudi government did.
441
00:21:39,378 --> 00:21:41,881
You could argue
that by supporting
442
00:21:41,981 --> 00:21:43,803
the mujahideen
in the first place,
443
00:21:43,903 --> 00:21:47,007
they had encouraged
this idea of jihad,
444
00:21:47,107 --> 00:21:48,929
and I think
that's-that's fair enough.
445
00:21:49,029 --> 00:21:49,970
So had we.
446
00:21:50,070 --> 00:21:52,934
♪♪♪♪♪
447
00:21:53,034 --> 00:21:55,296
[Wright] I don't know
if Jamal had regrets
448
00:21:55,396 --> 00:21:57,779
about his past life.
449
00:21:57,879 --> 00:22:00,041
He did evolve
away from things.
450
00:22:01,923 --> 00:22:04,466
Jamal looked at bin Laden
with stars in his eyes
451
00:22:04,566 --> 00:22:08,871
when he was young, and then
he became disillusioned.
452
00:22:08,971 --> 00:22:12,796
He began to hate what
bin Laden had become and...
453
00:22:12,896 --> 00:22:16,840
you know, and what he had done
to Saudi society and to Islam.
454
00:22:16,940 --> 00:22:19,843
So he became
a Saudi defender
455
00:22:19,943 --> 00:22:22,326
and a supporter
of the royal family.
456
00:22:22,426 --> 00:22:23,688
[phone rings]
457
00:22:23,788 --> 00:22:26,391
♪ tense music ♪
458
00:22:28,993 --> 00:22:31,396
[bin Laden] speaking Arabic
459
00:22:40,206 --> 00:22:43,249
[Anas] speaking Arabic
460
00:23:08,998 --> 00:23:11,461
[Salem]
Jamal was a loyal Saudi.
461
00:23:11,561 --> 00:23:15,545
And I think how he defined
that loyalty over time
462
00:23:15,645 --> 00:23:17,908
clearly evolved and changed,
463
00:23:18,008 --> 00:23:20,030
as did the kingdom itself.
464
00:23:20,130 --> 00:23:24,335
He may have seen it
as the least bad option.
465
00:23:26,337 --> 00:23:27,959
I met Jamal
when I was working
466
00:23:28,059 --> 00:23:29,841
at the Middle East Institute.
467
00:23:29,941 --> 00:23:31,923
He was like a big teddy bear.
468
00:23:32,023 --> 00:23:33,926
There was just a genuineness.
469
00:23:34,026 --> 00:23:37,570
Always a smile,
even in the worst of times.
470
00:23:37,670 --> 00:23:40,693
He, in many ways,
was like a big brother to me.
471
00:23:40,793 --> 00:23:42,615
That was our relationship.
472
00:23:42,715 --> 00:23:44,217
[all] speaking Arabic
473
00:23:44,317 --> 00:23:47,301
[Salem] At the time,
he worked for the al-Faisals,
474
00:23:47,401 --> 00:23:50,024
who were seen as sort of
the intelligentsia
475
00:23:50,124 --> 00:23:52,446
of the royal family.
476
00:23:53,367 --> 00:23:55,349
[Brennan] The Saudis
were rather reluctant partners
477
00:23:55,449 --> 00:23:56,951
after 9/11,
478
00:23:57,051 --> 00:23:59,274
but Turki al-Faisal
was well-known
479
00:23:59,374 --> 00:24:01,036
for believing strongly
in the importance
480
00:24:01,136 --> 00:24:03,198
of a U.S.-Saudi relationship.
481
00:24:03,298 --> 00:24:06,762
He was my counterpart
in Saudi Arabia in the '90s.
482
00:24:06,862 --> 00:24:08,604
King Fahd was ill and infirm
483
00:24:08,704 --> 00:24:11,167
and not in day-to-day charge
of the government,
484
00:24:11,267 --> 00:24:13,610
and so Turki was determined
to make sure
485
00:24:13,710 --> 00:24:16,012
that that relationship
between Riyadh and Washington
486
00:24:16,112 --> 00:24:18,695
was going to not just
remain strong
487
00:24:18,795 --> 00:24:20,337
but in fact be strengthened.
488
00:24:20,437 --> 00:24:23,881
[applause]
489
00:24:25,443 --> 00:24:27,946
There are those
who would have you believe
490
00:24:28,046 --> 00:24:30,749
that the current wave
of terrorism
491
00:24:30,849 --> 00:24:34,233
springs from
and is or has been
492
00:24:34,333 --> 00:24:36,615
supported by Saudi Arabia.
493
00:24:38,097 --> 00:24:40,159
That is absolutely not true.
494
00:24:40,259 --> 00:24:42,001
[Brennan] After 9/11,
Prince Turki
495
00:24:42,101 --> 00:24:44,364
became Saudi ambassador
to London.
496
00:24:44,464 --> 00:24:46,767
Jamal was somebody
who had a good reputation
497
00:24:46,867 --> 00:24:49,409
in the international media,
and I think Turki thought
498
00:24:49,509 --> 00:24:52,813
that Jamal's voice
would be a useful one
499
00:24:52,913 --> 00:24:54,215
in trying to battle
500
00:24:54,315 --> 00:24:58,299
this very broad misimpression
501
00:24:58,399 --> 00:25:00,141
of Saudi Arabia as a whole.
502
00:25:00,241 --> 00:25:03,665
[train whistle blows]
503
00:25:03,765 --> 00:25:06,669
♪ gentle music ♪
504
00:25:06,769 --> 00:25:09,792
♪♪♪♪♪
505
00:25:09,892 --> 00:25:13,356
[Wright] I went to London
and I met with Turki,
506
00:25:13,456 --> 00:25:16,479
and I spent a lot of time
with Jamal there.
507
00:25:16,579 --> 00:25:20,244
He seemed to be
enjoying London.
508
00:25:20,344 --> 00:25:24,048
When you are the spokesperson
for a senior prince,
509
00:25:24,148 --> 00:25:26,150
you're untouchable.
510
00:25:27,872 --> 00:25:29,694
Jamal was useful to Turki
511
00:25:29,794 --> 00:25:33,398
because he had credibility
among reporters, like me.
512
00:25:35,320 --> 00:25:37,223
[Obaid] Jamal and I
worked very closely,
513
00:25:37,323 --> 00:25:40,186
first in London
and then in D.C.
514
00:25:40,286 --> 00:25:42,228
He was older than me,
515
00:25:42,328 --> 00:25:43,670
and so the joke
within the embassy
516
00:25:43,770 --> 00:25:44,871
and within our friends
517
00:25:44,971 --> 00:25:47,194
was that I would call him
Uncle J.
518
00:25:47,294 --> 00:25:49,796
We became quite close.
519
00:25:49,896 --> 00:25:51,558
Mornings would start at 7:30.
520
00:25:51,658 --> 00:25:54,161
We'd be the first one
at the embassy.
521
00:25:54,261 --> 00:25:57,245
After work, we would
usually go have teas.
522
00:25:57,345 --> 00:26:00,689
And in a way, work never
ended at the embassy.
523
00:26:00,789 --> 00:26:02,691
He was always the nice guy
and I was the bad guy.
524
00:26:02,791 --> 00:26:05,494
I was always giving
a hard time to the press,
525
00:26:05,594 --> 00:26:08,297
and it was crisis
after crisis after crisis.
526
00:26:08,397 --> 00:26:10,259
On the contrary, the Saudis
actually have done
527
00:26:10,359 --> 00:26:11,941
a lot behind the scenes,
528
00:26:12,041 --> 00:26:13,142
but more importantly,
529
00:26:13,242 --> 00:26:15,265
you talked about
the American media.
530
00:26:15,365 --> 00:26:16,867
They've been the-they've been
the people
531
00:26:16,967 --> 00:26:18,068
that have been
raising the issue.
532
00:26:18,168 --> 00:26:20,070
The U.S. administration,
the Bush administration
533
00:26:20,170 --> 00:26:21,672
has not at all.
534
00:26:21,772 --> 00:26:22,913
It was very raw.
535
00:26:23,013 --> 00:26:24,835
America was very upset.
536
00:26:24,935 --> 00:26:28,199
We spent a lot of our time
defending the Saudi position
537
00:26:28,299 --> 00:26:30,281
vis-à-vis the attacks
of 9/11.
538
00:26:30,381 --> 00:26:32,043
The U.S. cannot go
accusing people
539
00:26:32,143 --> 00:26:35,327
of financing, uh, terrorism
by merely--
540
00:26:35,427 --> 00:26:40,132
[indistinct] by merely
unfounded intelligence reports.
541
00:26:40,232 --> 00:26:42,615
[Obaid] You had
a Bush administration
542
00:26:42,715 --> 00:26:45,939
that was still very close
to Saudi Arabia.
543
00:26:46,039 --> 00:26:47,300
Somebody asked me
the other day,
544
00:26:47,400 --> 00:26:48,742
was I pleased with the actions
of Saudi Arabia?
545
00:26:48,842 --> 00:26:49,983
I am.
546
00:26:50,083 --> 00:26:51,505
[Obaid]
And that was important,
547
00:26:51,605 --> 00:26:53,948
because without that,
the U.S.-Saudi relationship
548
00:26:54,048 --> 00:26:54,949
could not have continued.
549
00:26:55,049 --> 00:26:59,534
♪♪♪♪♪
550
00:27:04,740 --> 00:27:07,242
It's up to us
to bankrupt the terrorists
551
00:27:07,342 --> 00:27:09,685
and those who finance them
so they will never again
552
00:27:09,785 --> 00:27:12,849
have the resources
to commit such atrocities
553
00:27:12,949 --> 00:27:14,130
against the American people
554
00:27:14,230 --> 00:27:16,733
as we experienced
on September 11th.
555
00:27:16,833 --> 00:27:18,535
[Maloney]
The 9/11 families believe,
556
00:27:18,635 --> 00:27:20,697
and we've alleged formally
in a complaint
557
00:27:20,797 --> 00:27:21,739
filed in federal court,
558
00:27:21,839 --> 00:27:23,981
that members
of the Saudi government
559
00:27:24,081 --> 00:27:25,663
conspired with al-Qaeda
560
00:27:25,763 --> 00:27:27,905
for more than a decade
in funding them,
561
00:27:28,005 --> 00:27:30,668
financing them,
providing logistical support,
562
00:27:30,768 --> 00:27:34,232
and other means and methods
to keep them going.
563
00:27:34,332 --> 00:27:36,275
What we hear
from American officials,
564
00:27:36,375 --> 00:27:37,676
they are happy
with the cooperation.
565
00:27:37,776 --> 00:27:39,198
They are happy
with the information
566
00:27:39,298 --> 00:27:40,359
they are getting
from the Saudis.
567
00:27:40,459 --> 00:27:41,841
They are getting
plenty of information
568
00:27:41,941 --> 00:27:44,564
about the case
of the 15 hijackers.
569
00:27:44,664 --> 00:27:47,407
[Clarke] How did money move
to bin Laden?
570
00:27:47,507 --> 00:27:49,609
Did it move
through Saudi banks?
571
00:27:49,709 --> 00:27:51,732
Were there wealthy
Saudi individuals
572
00:27:51,832 --> 00:27:52,893
who were funding him?
573
00:27:52,993 --> 00:27:54,655
There was a lot
of cooperation
574
00:27:54,755 --> 00:27:56,697
that we wanted
out of the Saudi government
575
00:27:56,797 --> 00:27:58,780
that we did not get.
576
00:27:58,880 --> 00:28:01,863
[Maloney] Our own government
withheld a lot of material
577
00:28:01,963 --> 00:28:05,327
to prevent us
from embarrassing the Saudis.
578
00:28:07,369 --> 00:28:09,552
There's obviously a lot
of political influence
579
00:28:09,652 --> 00:28:12,235
the Saudis still enjoy
in Washington, D.C.,
580
00:28:12,335 --> 00:28:14,677
and they made
their best efforts
581
00:28:14,777 --> 00:28:17,040
to prevent this lawsuit from
ever seeing the light of day.
582
00:28:17,140 --> 00:28:19,723
♪♪♪♪♪
583
00:28:19,823 --> 00:28:21,765
[Soufan] I don't call
Saudi Arabia an ally.
584
00:28:21,865 --> 00:28:24,448
I never called
Saudi Arabia an ally.
585
00:28:24,548 --> 00:28:27,812
They always look to cover up
what they don't want
586
00:28:27,912 --> 00:28:29,854
the outside world to know
587
00:28:29,954 --> 00:28:32,057
about events and activities
588
00:28:32,157 --> 00:28:34,019
and networks
inside the kingdom.
589
00:28:34,119 --> 00:28:36,982
♪♪♪♪♪
590
00:28:37,082 --> 00:28:39,104
[Clarke] You have to remember,
this was a government
591
00:28:39,204 --> 00:28:42,869
that was very sympathetic
to the Saudi royal family.
592
00:28:42,969 --> 00:28:46,573
And the Bush family had ties
going back for decades.
593
00:28:48,094 --> 00:28:49,556
I think the Bush
administration's
594
00:28:49,656 --> 00:28:52,880
number one goal
after 9/11 was Iraq.
595
00:28:52,980 --> 00:28:55,723
They sat down
the first week after 9/11
596
00:28:55,823 --> 00:28:58,286
and said, "Shall we go
into Afghanistan first?
597
00:28:58,386 --> 00:29:01,329
Or shall we go
into Iraq first?"
598
00:29:01,429 --> 00:29:03,331
I felt like a man from Mars,
599
00:29:03,431 --> 00:29:08,097
and I said to them,
"Invading Iraq after 9/11
600
00:29:08,197 --> 00:29:10,139
would be like
if Franklin Roosevelt,
601
00:29:10,239 --> 00:29:12,782
after Pearl Harbor, had said,
602
00:29:12,882 --> 00:29:15,064
'Let's invade Mexico.'"
603
00:29:15,164 --> 00:29:18,308
I didn't understand how these
very rational senior people
604
00:29:18,408 --> 00:29:20,470
had lost their mind,
605
00:29:20,570 --> 00:29:22,513
and I don't think
the Bush administration
606
00:29:22,613 --> 00:29:25,476
could have fought the Iraq War
without Saudi support.
607
00:29:25,576 --> 00:29:28,279
[indistinct chatter]
608
00:29:28,379 --> 00:29:29,640
[Bishara]
I think Saudi Arabia
609
00:29:29,740 --> 00:29:32,163
became even more
indispensable
610
00:29:32,263 --> 00:29:34,646
for the United States.
611
00:29:34,746 --> 00:29:36,929
Jamal Khashoggi
and Turki al-Faisal,
612
00:29:37,029 --> 00:29:41,494
they were champions
of Saudi-American relations.
613
00:29:41,594 --> 00:29:44,337
Never defended it.
Never justified it.
614
00:29:44,437 --> 00:29:46,659
They were champions of it.
615
00:29:46,759 --> 00:29:49,262
[Wright] Jamal
was the only Arab I met
616
00:29:49,362 --> 00:29:52,466
who was a supporter
of the war.
617
00:29:52,566 --> 00:29:55,950
By the time
the U.S. invaded Iraq,
618
00:29:56,050 --> 00:29:57,151
he struck me as a neocon.
619
00:29:57,251 --> 00:29:58,713
He was all in favor of it.
620
00:29:58,813 --> 00:30:00,815
speaking Arabic
621
00:30:12,828 --> 00:30:14,771
[Obaid]
He was nationalistic.
622
00:30:14,871 --> 00:30:17,013
He felt very much
involved in it,
623
00:30:17,113 --> 00:30:19,856
and so, you know,
it's times change,
624
00:30:19,956 --> 00:30:23,560
but a lot of people
don't know that side of Jamal.
625
00:30:24,721 --> 00:30:26,724
Jamal took it very personally.
626
00:30:28,085 --> 00:30:30,188
Some of the papers,
including The New York Times,
627
00:30:30,288 --> 00:30:31,910
insist on calling him
a dissident.
628
00:30:32,010 --> 00:30:33,792
Jamal was...
629
00:30:33,892 --> 00:30:34,873
[Bradley] You've
arrested reformers
630
00:30:34,973 --> 00:30:36,314
by the hundreds
and the thousands.
631
00:30:36,414 --> 00:30:37,556
No, no, no, reformers,
they were never
632
00:30:37,656 --> 00:30:38,957
arrested by the, uh--
633
00:30:39,057 --> 00:30:41,040
Peaceful demonstrators
who went into the street,
634
00:30:41,140 --> 00:30:44,203
there were many hundreds
of them arrested in Riyadh--
635
00:30:44,303 --> 00:30:46,205
The demonstrators...
those demonstrators
636
00:30:46,305 --> 00:30:49,849
were ans-they were answering
a call of an al-Qaeda activist.
637
00:30:49,949 --> 00:30:52,372
They were answering the call
of Sa'ad Al-Faqih.
638
00:30:52,472 --> 00:30:54,214
They were not
peaceful demonstrators.
639
00:30:54,314 --> 00:30:56,457
[Bradley] They were holding
Korans above their head,
640
00:30:56,557 --> 00:30:57,778
and they were
peaceful demonstrators.
641
00:30:57,878 --> 00:30:59,100
- They were unarmed.
- But again,
642
00:30:59,200 --> 00:31:01,102
there were no shooting;
they were released.
643
00:31:01,202 --> 00:31:02,423
[Bradley]
There was shooting.
644
00:31:02,523 --> 00:31:04,265
They shot rubber bullets
over their heads.
645
00:31:04,365 --> 00:31:06,388
The-uh, nobody was killed.
646
00:31:06,488 --> 00:31:08,750
Uh, they were all released.
647
00:31:08,850 --> 00:31:11,514
We don't have
this situation where we...
648
00:31:11,614 --> 00:31:14,597
where people demonstrate
in the streets and chaos.
649
00:31:14,697 --> 00:31:16,399
No, we don't have
any-any of that.
650
00:31:16,499 --> 00:31:17,560
Saudi Arabia is very stable.
651
00:31:17,660 --> 00:31:20,564
♪ tense music ♪
652
00:31:20,664 --> 00:31:25,549
♪♪♪♪♪
653
00:31:27,071 --> 00:31:29,453
[Faris as Khashoggi] A country
as proud as Saudi Arabia
654
00:31:29,553 --> 00:31:32,617
doesn't take easily
to outside advice.
655
00:31:32,717 --> 00:31:34,980
Yet just because 15 Saudis
656
00:31:35,080 --> 00:31:38,383
committed the biggest
terrorist atrocity in history,
657
00:31:38,483 --> 00:31:40,706
some Americans are now calling
658
00:31:40,806 --> 00:31:43,029
for the imposition
of a foreign culture
659
00:31:43,129 --> 00:31:45,551
on our Muslim society.
660
00:31:45,651 --> 00:31:48,374
That is why we have
to fight back.
661
00:31:49,816 --> 00:31:52,199
Last November,
Prince Turki al-Faisal
662
00:31:52,299 --> 00:31:54,481
won a legal battle
against the families
663
00:31:54,581 --> 00:31:56,684
of September 11th victims.
664
00:31:56,784 --> 00:31:58,786
This was good news.
665
00:32:00,067 --> 00:32:01,129
The Bush administration
666
00:32:01,229 --> 00:32:03,872
still considers Saudi Arabia
a friend.
667
00:32:05,914 --> 00:32:08,957
But we do not know
what the future holds.
668
00:32:10,799 --> 00:32:14,543
[Bishara] Jamal's 30 years
in Arab media
669
00:32:14,643 --> 00:32:17,707
reflect Saudi relations
with the United States
670
00:32:17,807 --> 00:32:20,470
and Arab public opinion.
671
00:32:20,570 --> 00:32:24,715
He championed the cause
for American-Saudi cooperation
672
00:32:24,815 --> 00:32:27,958
against the Soviet Union
in Afghanistan.
673
00:32:28,058 --> 00:32:30,561
After 9/11, they worked
with the United States
674
00:32:30,661 --> 00:32:32,483
against Saddam Hussein
of Iraq
675
00:32:32,583 --> 00:32:35,527
and supported
the U.S. war on terror.
676
00:32:35,627 --> 00:32:38,170
At each and every junction
677
00:32:38,270 --> 00:32:41,013
in modern Saudi history
678
00:32:41,113 --> 00:32:44,297
and modern
U.S.-Saudi relations,
679
00:32:44,397 --> 00:32:47,020
Jamal was there
at that crossroad,
680
00:32:47,120 --> 00:32:51,084
either reporting,
explaining, or spinning.
681
00:32:52,085 --> 00:32:55,609
But he was taken by surprise
by the Arab Spring.
682
00:32:57,891 --> 00:33:00,935
[crowd] chanting in Arabic
683
00:33:08,263 --> 00:33:11,727
[Bishara] The Arab Spring
was indeed a revolution
684
00:33:11,827 --> 00:33:14,410
that shook Saudi Arabia.
685
00:33:14,510 --> 00:33:17,213
It was like an earthquake.
686
00:33:17,313 --> 00:33:20,617
In the past, you could always
count on the United States.
687
00:33:20,717 --> 00:33:23,300
But when it came
to the Arab Spring,
688
00:33:23,400 --> 00:33:25,783
they could not find help
in Washington.
689
00:33:25,883 --> 00:33:27,344
[all] chanting in Arabic
690
00:33:27,444 --> 00:33:28,906
[Bishara]
That was unprecedented,
691
00:33:29,006 --> 00:33:31,789
that was unthinkable,
and it was so sudden.
692
00:33:31,889 --> 00:33:33,891
[all] chanting in Arabic
693
00:33:36,775 --> 00:33:39,498
[Karman] speaking Arabic
694
00:33:57,918 --> 00:33:59,620
[man] speaking Arabic
695
00:33:59,720 --> 00:34:02,343
[Soltan]
It felt like coming home.
696
00:34:02,443 --> 00:34:04,466
Seeing young Arabs
697
00:34:04,566 --> 00:34:06,628
take to the streets
698
00:34:06,728 --> 00:34:09,431
to realize that dream
699
00:34:09,531 --> 00:34:11,353
for self-determination,
700
00:34:11,453 --> 00:34:14,116
for liberty, freedom,
701
00:34:14,216 --> 00:34:16,479
bread, social justice
702
00:34:16,579 --> 00:34:18,561
was my dream coming true,
703
00:34:18,661 --> 00:34:20,663
and I couldn't
not take part in it.
704
00:34:47,854 --> 00:34:49,716
[all] chanting in Arabic
705
00:34:49,816 --> 00:34:52,679
♪ light dramatic music ♪
706
00:34:52,779 --> 00:34:56,003
♪♪♪♪♪
707
00:34:56,103 --> 00:34:57,885
[Obaid] When the Arab Spring
kicked off,
708
00:34:57,985 --> 00:35:00,928
that was kind of our first
open disagreement.
709
00:35:01,028 --> 00:35:03,010
He was for what happened
in other countries,
710
00:35:03,110 --> 00:35:04,812
and I was against it.
711
00:35:04,912 --> 00:35:06,815
It called it
"the so-called Arab Spring,"
712
00:35:06,915 --> 00:35:09,418
because what does that mean
for other countries
713
00:35:09,518 --> 00:35:12,261
of which Saudi Arabia
is an ally and a supporter?
714
00:35:12,361 --> 00:35:15,504
♪ dramatic music ♪
715
00:35:15,604 --> 00:35:17,346
♪♪♪♪♪
716
00:35:17,446 --> 00:35:19,028
[Brennan] At the time
of the Arab Spring,
717
00:35:19,128 --> 00:35:23,433
King Abdullah was viewed
as being somewhat skeptical
718
00:35:23,533 --> 00:35:26,356
of that
U.S.-Saudi relationship.
719
00:35:26,456 --> 00:35:29,400
He didn't support everything
that the United States did
720
00:35:29,500 --> 00:35:31,122
in the region,
and I think there were people
721
00:35:31,222 --> 00:35:33,044
who came in with
the Obama administration
722
00:35:33,144 --> 00:35:35,727
who had, oh, I think,
a rather jaundiced view,
723
00:35:35,827 --> 00:35:36,928
uh, of Saudi Arabia.
724
00:35:37,028 --> 00:35:38,890
There were problems
with the fact
725
00:35:38,990 --> 00:35:40,372
that these governments
726
00:35:40,472 --> 00:35:42,935
kind of couldn't keep a lid
on things anymore.
727
00:35:43,035 --> 00:35:46,218
I was in a group of advisors
728
00:35:46,318 --> 00:35:48,901
who were urging
President Obama
729
00:35:49,001 --> 00:35:52,285
to try to support
a transition to democracy.
730
00:35:53,687 --> 00:35:55,268
King Abdullah
of Saudi Arabia
731
00:35:55,368 --> 00:35:57,711
wanted to talk to Obama,
732
00:35:57,811 --> 00:35:59,553
and I remember
in that phone call
733
00:35:59,653 --> 00:36:03,277
King Abdullah was absolutely
livid about this,
734
00:36:03,377 --> 00:36:06,361
and his basic line was,
735
00:36:06,461 --> 00:36:08,443
everybody in that square
736
00:36:08,543 --> 00:36:11,106
is either a terrorist
or an Iranian agent.
737
00:36:12,307 --> 00:36:15,691
Which was just
patently not true.
738
00:36:15,791 --> 00:36:18,735
And President Obama
called Mubarak and told him,
739
00:36:18,835 --> 00:36:20,096
"Look, I think
you need to step down.
740
00:36:20,196 --> 00:36:21,778
I don't think these protests
are going to stop."
741
00:36:21,878 --> 00:36:24,181
[all] shouting in Arabic
742
00:36:24,281 --> 00:36:27,064
[Soltan] We were
at the presidential palace.
743
00:36:27,164 --> 00:36:29,867
We told the army generals
744
00:36:29,967 --> 00:36:33,110
that after this prayer,
745
00:36:33,210 --> 00:36:37,275
we were going to break through
and storm the palace.
746
00:36:37,375 --> 00:36:39,117
We said, "If you open fire
on the front line,
747
00:36:39,217 --> 00:36:40,719
there's 50,000 people
behind us.
748
00:36:40,819 --> 00:36:42,601
We're getting in regardless."
749
00:36:42,701 --> 00:36:45,084
I remember crying my eyes out
because I felt like
750
00:36:45,184 --> 00:36:46,646
this could be my last prayer,
751
00:36:46,746 --> 00:36:49,328
that if they opened fire,
you know, this was worth it.
752
00:36:49,428 --> 00:36:52,492
[crowd shouting]
753
00:36:52,592 --> 00:36:55,015
[Soltan] We hear the
announcement on the P.A.
754
00:36:55,115 --> 00:36:57,878
[man over P.A. system]
speaking Arabic
755
00:37:10,732 --> 00:37:13,155
[crowd cheering wildly]
756
00:37:13,255 --> 00:37:16,559
♪ uplifting music ♪
757
00:37:16,659 --> 00:37:19,922
[all] chanting in Arabic
758
00:37:20,022 --> 00:37:24,748
♪♪♪♪♪
759
00:37:38,803 --> 00:37:42,107
[Soltan]
It was the best of Egypt.
760
00:37:42,207 --> 00:37:44,910
And it was the best of
the Arab world at that time,
761
00:37:45,010 --> 00:37:47,473
best 18 days
of our generation.
762
00:37:47,573 --> 00:37:50,777
- [crowd cheering]
- [fireworks popping]
763
00:37:51,577 --> 00:37:54,000
It was...
764
00:37:54,100 --> 00:37:55,402
one hell of a time.
765
00:37:55,502 --> 00:37:57,504
[laughs]
766
00:37:58,906 --> 00:38:01,809
♪ gentle music ♪
767
00:38:01,909 --> 00:38:04,532
♪♪♪♪♪
768
00:38:04,632 --> 00:38:07,575
[Faris as Khashoggi]
Egyptians did not need anyone
769
00:38:07,675 --> 00:38:10,178
to teach them how to be free.
770
00:38:10,278 --> 00:38:13,462
I saw them take to it
771
00:38:13,562 --> 00:38:16,385
like a human instinct.
772
00:38:16,485 --> 00:38:19,068
At the time, I was living
a new love story
773
00:38:19,168 --> 00:38:21,311
and a new marriage.
774
00:38:21,411 --> 00:38:26,116
Egypt was also living
its love story with freedom.
775
00:38:26,216 --> 00:38:30,481
It was the happiest time
for both of us.
776
00:38:30,581 --> 00:38:32,763
[Salem] Jamal was
a big romantic.
777
00:38:32,863 --> 00:38:35,566
In every sense, a romantic.
778
00:38:35,666 --> 00:38:37,829
You get swept up in it.
779
00:38:39,350 --> 00:38:42,895
Jamal loved strong,
intelligent women,
780
00:38:42,995 --> 00:38:45,858
and at the start
of the Arab Spring,
781
00:38:45,958 --> 00:38:50,022
he'd married a really
wonderful woman, Dr. Alaa.
782
00:38:50,122 --> 00:38:53,346
♪♪♪♪♪
783
00:38:53,446 --> 00:38:58,111
And there is a certain romance
to revolutions,
784
00:38:58,211 --> 00:39:01,916
to the idea
that you can throw off
785
00:39:02,016 --> 00:39:04,038
the restrictions
786
00:39:04,138 --> 00:39:07,242
that seemed impossible
to shake
787
00:39:07,342 --> 00:39:11,046
and that you could think
and discuss ideas
788
00:39:11,146 --> 00:39:14,450
that were forbidden before,
789
00:39:14,550 --> 00:39:18,774
and that...that oxygen,
I think, is intoxicating.
790
00:39:18,874 --> 00:39:22,378
♪♪♪♪♪
791
00:39:22,478 --> 00:39:24,981
[Obaid] Jamal was very open
about how happy he was
792
00:39:25,081 --> 00:39:27,124
that Mubarak had gone down.
793
00:39:28,245 --> 00:39:30,147
But he made a lot of enemies
794
00:39:30,247 --> 00:39:32,950
because of his writing
and his tweets,
795
00:39:33,050 --> 00:39:34,952
and I kept telling Jamal,
"Stop.
796
00:39:35,052 --> 00:39:36,314
You know, stop."
797
00:39:36,414 --> 00:39:38,316
We had a lot of arguments
about it.
798
00:39:38,416 --> 00:39:40,238
King Abdullah kept
getting angry at him,
799
00:39:40,338 --> 00:39:42,160
told him, you know,
"What you're writing,
800
00:39:42,260 --> 00:39:44,323
you know, relax."
801
00:39:44,423 --> 00:39:47,486
There was a sense
of a lot of worry.
802
00:39:47,586 --> 00:39:51,170
I would say the relationship
Saudi Arabia had with America
803
00:39:51,270 --> 00:39:53,413
started being very testy.
804
00:39:53,513 --> 00:39:55,575
The Saudis believed,
805
00:39:55,675 --> 00:39:59,019
uh, that we let Mubarak down,
806
00:39:59,119 --> 00:40:00,621
um, that he had been
807
00:40:00,721 --> 00:40:02,463
a very loyal ally
for 30 years,
808
00:40:02,563 --> 00:40:05,346
that he had done what we
asked him to do many times,
809
00:40:05,446 --> 00:40:08,109
and that at the first sign
of trouble,
810
00:40:08,209 --> 00:40:09,631
uh, we threw him under the bus.
811
00:40:09,731 --> 00:40:13,115
[all] chanting in Arabic
812
00:40:13,215 --> 00:40:16,558
Saudi Arabia was paying
people to protest.
813
00:40:16,658 --> 00:40:19,562
[all] chanting in Arabic
814
00:40:19,662 --> 00:40:21,444
[Rhodes] And ultimately,
this results
815
00:40:21,544 --> 00:40:23,486
in the Egyptian military
overthrowing
816
00:40:23,586 --> 00:40:25,328
a democratically elected
government
817
00:40:25,428 --> 00:40:27,010
with the backing
of Saudi Arabia.
818
00:40:27,110 --> 00:40:28,532
They funded it.
819
00:40:28,632 --> 00:40:31,375
They drove the media strategy
behind it.
820
00:40:31,475 --> 00:40:34,178
[Brennan] Saudi Arabia
and others were concerned
821
00:40:34,278 --> 00:40:36,541
that the Arab Spring
was going to,
822
00:40:36,641 --> 00:40:37,782
uh, go out of control.
823
00:40:37,882 --> 00:40:39,344
Nobody wanted that.
824
00:40:39,444 --> 00:40:41,306
United States didn't want that.
Saudi Arabia didn't want that.
825
00:40:41,406 --> 00:40:42,748
[man] It was reported
that Egypt's
826
00:40:42,848 --> 00:40:45,390
first democratically
elected president
827
00:40:45,490 --> 00:40:47,593
was no longer allowed
to leave the country
828
00:40:47,693 --> 00:40:49,315
and that the army
was deploying
829
00:40:49,415 --> 00:40:51,597
not just here
but on the streets.
830
00:40:51,697 --> 00:40:54,641
♪ dark music ♪
831
00:40:54,741 --> 00:40:56,883
[Rhodes] President Obama,
at this point,
832
00:40:56,983 --> 00:40:59,206
is kind of worn down by this,
833
00:40:59,306 --> 00:41:02,169
and we never followed through
on a policy
834
00:41:02,269 --> 00:41:04,271
that really prioritized
democracy promotion.
835
00:41:05,553 --> 00:41:07,335
Not only was that
kind of the death knell
836
00:41:07,435 --> 00:41:10,899
of the Arab Spring,
but it was also kind of,
837
00:41:10,999 --> 00:41:13,021
to me,
like a pretty cynical,
838
00:41:13,121 --> 00:41:15,224
you know, hypocritical thing.
839
00:41:15,324 --> 00:41:16,545
No, it's not cynical.
840
00:41:16,645 --> 00:41:18,027
See, these are naive--
I don't--
841
00:41:18,127 --> 00:41:19,428
I mean, I hate to tell
Mr. Rhodes,
842
00:41:19,528 --> 00:41:21,270
but these are-these are-
these are superficial, naive,
843
00:41:21,370 --> 00:41:24,634
and ra-rather fatuous
arguments.
844
00:41:24,734 --> 00:41:25,835
Uh, they may sell books.
845
00:41:25,935 --> 00:41:27,317
I hope he does sell
a lot of books,
846
00:41:27,417 --> 00:41:29,199
but, um...
[chuckles]
847
00:41:29,299 --> 00:41:31,882
...those-those--you know,
the role of the Saudis
848
00:41:31,982 --> 00:41:33,164
in global oil markets,
849
00:41:33,264 --> 00:41:35,206
the role of Saudi Arabia
in countering,
850
00:41:35,306 --> 00:41:37,288
uh, Islamic terrorism,
851
00:41:37,388 --> 00:41:40,051
you know, do you really want
a Saudi Arabia
852
00:41:40,151 --> 00:41:43,054
that looks like,
um, you know,
853
00:41:43,154 --> 00:41:45,137
what's happening
in Beirut or Syria
854
00:41:45,237 --> 00:41:47,139
or Baghdad or Tehran today?
855
00:41:47,239 --> 00:41:48,621
Is that really what you want?
856
00:41:48,721 --> 00:41:51,504
[indistinct chatter]
857
00:41:51,604 --> 00:41:54,627
[Soltan] When the military
coup happened,
858
00:41:54,727 --> 00:41:56,830
there were tens of thousands
of people
859
00:41:56,930 --> 00:41:59,353
that came out to protest.
860
00:41:59,453 --> 00:42:00,794
[all] chanting in Arabic
861
00:42:00,894 --> 00:42:02,796
[Soltan] The military
and security forces
862
00:42:02,896 --> 00:42:05,119
surrounded Rabaa Square.
863
00:42:05,219 --> 00:42:07,442
[all] chanting in Arabic
864
00:42:07,542 --> 00:42:10,805
[Soltan] They were coming in
like it was an armed group
865
00:42:10,905 --> 00:42:15,170
that they were coming
to basically ambush.
866
00:42:15,270 --> 00:42:17,933
[artillery firing]
867
00:42:18,033 --> 00:42:20,336
[people shouting]
868
00:42:20,436 --> 00:42:22,819
[car alarms blaring]
869
00:42:22,919 --> 00:42:25,822
♪ desolate music ♪
870
00:42:25,922 --> 00:42:30,767
♪♪♪♪♪
871
00:42:38,616 --> 00:42:40,278
[Soltan] There were
people falling,
872
00:42:40,378 --> 00:42:41,559
people by your side.
873
00:42:41,659 --> 00:42:43,001
A bullet could hit you
at any time.
874
00:42:43,101 --> 00:42:45,524
[artillery firing]
875
00:42:45,624 --> 00:42:48,267
Shots fired
from every direction.
876
00:42:50,709 --> 00:42:52,331
Cars exploding.
877
00:42:52,431 --> 00:42:53,693
[car alarms blaring]
878
00:42:53,793 --> 00:42:55,855
And then I get hit.
879
00:42:55,955 --> 00:42:57,377
People start rushing at me,
880
00:42:57,477 --> 00:43:01,221
and they carry me
into a makeshift hospital.
881
00:43:01,321 --> 00:43:04,225
Everybody there was dying.
882
00:43:04,325 --> 00:43:07,248
[all] speaking Arabic
883
00:43:09,450 --> 00:43:10,952
[Soltan] There was this, like,
distinct smell
884
00:43:11,052 --> 00:43:12,914
of gunpowder and blood.
885
00:43:13,014 --> 00:43:15,517
[car alarms blaring]
886
00:43:15,617 --> 00:43:17,720
I remember just laying there.
887
00:43:17,820 --> 00:43:19,441
I closed my eyes.
888
00:43:19,541 --> 00:43:23,726
And that moment, I...
889
00:43:23,826 --> 00:43:26,249
I felt so helpless,
890
00:43:26,349 --> 00:43:30,734
so hopeless, I just...
891
00:43:30,834 --> 00:43:32,896
♪♪♪♪♪
892
00:43:32,996 --> 00:43:36,260
Rabaa was the day
that the Arab Spring...
893
00:43:36,360 --> 00:43:38,362
that was the nail
in the coffin.
894
00:43:40,685 --> 00:43:42,427
[man] It was almost certainly
895
00:43:42,527 --> 00:43:44,549
the single bloodiest day
of events
896
00:43:44,649 --> 00:43:47,032
since the start
of the Arab Spring.
897
00:43:47,132 --> 00:43:50,756
Egyptian officials say
that 525 people were killed,
898
00:43:50,856 --> 00:43:52,919
though opponents say
the true number
899
00:43:53,019 --> 00:43:55,321
could be four times as many.
900
00:43:55,421 --> 00:43:58,325
[somber music]
901
00:43:58,425 --> 00:44:03,510
♪♪♪♪♪
902
00:44:07,114 --> 00:44:10,678
There was the temptation
to support the revolutions.
903
00:44:12,440 --> 00:44:15,624
I believe it is
the right thing to do.
904
00:44:15,724 --> 00:44:18,307
But in my writing,
I do my best
905
00:44:18,407 --> 00:44:21,310
to just be a journalist
906
00:44:21,410 --> 00:44:24,333
and not become
a revolutionary.
907
00:44:26,856 --> 00:44:28,758
[Wright] The Arab Spring
was crushed.
908
00:44:28,858 --> 00:44:30,961
It was destroyed.
909
00:44:31,061 --> 00:44:34,004
And what the Arab Spring
stood for in large part
910
00:44:34,104 --> 00:44:35,966
was freedom of expression,
911
00:44:36,066 --> 00:44:40,451
and that had a profound
influence on Jamal's thinking.
912
00:44:40,551 --> 00:44:42,934
Suddenly he saw
that freedom of expression
913
00:44:43,034 --> 00:44:45,577
was the key to reform
in the Arab world
914
00:44:45,677 --> 00:44:47,980
and especially
in Saudi Arabia.
915
00:44:48,080 --> 00:44:49,541
[hammers banging]
916
00:44:49,641 --> 00:44:52,825
That's where
Al-Arab came from.
917
00:44:52,925 --> 00:44:56,069
Jamal saw the opportunity
to create a middle road,
918
00:44:56,169 --> 00:44:57,630
you know, his own channel,
919
00:44:57,730 --> 00:44:59,833
free of government censorship,
920
00:44:59,933 --> 00:45:03,277
but not attacking
the royal family all the time,
921
00:45:03,377 --> 00:45:06,000
and he was aided
by one particular
922
00:45:06,100 --> 00:45:07,521
royal family member,
923
00:45:07,621 --> 00:45:10,845
Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal.
924
00:45:10,945 --> 00:45:13,889
And at first, it seemed
like there might be room
925
00:45:13,989 --> 00:45:17,012
for an independent voice
in the kingdom.
926
00:45:17,112 --> 00:45:19,995
speaking Arabic
927
00:45:33,971 --> 00:45:36,954
[Obaid] Jamal always had
a very good relationship
928
00:45:37,054 --> 00:45:38,716
with Prince Waleed.
929
00:45:38,816 --> 00:45:42,200
You know, the infamous
investor, Mr. Citibank,
930
00:45:42,300 --> 00:45:43,882
that made a lot of money.
931
00:45:43,982 --> 00:45:46,485
So, you know, he's a very
well-known individual
932
00:45:46,585 --> 00:45:48,086
on the international scene
933
00:45:48,186 --> 00:45:50,569
and has always been
an outspoken member
934
00:45:50,669 --> 00:45:52,531
of the Saudi royal family,
935
00:45:52,631 --> 00:45:54,574
but at the same time, again,
very much like Jamal,
936
00:45:54,674 --> 00:45:57,657
always very much
within the construct
937
00:45:57,757 --> 00:45:59,459
of the loyalty to the king
938
00:45:59,559 --> 00:46:00,941
and to his country
and so forth.
939
00:46:01,041 --> 00:46:02,983
[woman] speaking Arabic
940
00:46:03,083 --> 00:46:06,106
[Salem] Jamal was so hopeful
about Al-Arab.
941
00:46:06,206 --> 00:46:08,910
He was trying to hire
the best and brightest.
942
00:46:09,010 --> 00:46:13,114
Anyone who worked
in Arab media knew of him,
943
00:46:13,214 --> 00:46:15,157
and even if you didn't agree
944
00:46:15,257 --> 00:46:17,039
with his positions
over time,
945
00:46:17,139 --> 00:46:18,961
it's hard not to admire Jamal.
946
00:46:19,061 --> 00:46:20,923
Stand by, camera one.
Stand by, sound.
947
00:46:21,023 --> 00:46:22,044
Cue.
948
00:46:22,144 --> 00:46:23,366
[Fawaz] Al-Arab news channel
949
00:46:23,466 --> 00:46:25,648
was gonna have
the best of everything.
950
00:46:25,748 --> 00:46:28,411
Even the owner,
Prince Waleed bin Talal,
951
00:46:28,511 --> 00:46:30,614
even he was aiming to be,
952
00:46:30,714 --> 00:46:32,536
if not number one, number two
953
00:46:32,636 --> 00:46:34,258
as-as-as-as a start.
954
00:46:34,358 --> 00:46:36,781
[Al Shaikhli]
Jamal was very confident
955
00:46:36,881 --> 00:46:38,783
of the vision of the station
956
00:46:38,883 --> 00:46:42,467
and that he had the backing
of the royal family.
957
00:46:42,567 --> 00:46:46,111
We were all ready to launch on
the first of February, 2015,
958
00:46:46,211 --> 00:46:47,913
and everybody had that energy.
959
00:46:48,013 --> 00:46:49,915
You know, when the...
when you launch a station,
960
00:46:50,015 --> 00:46:52,057
there's always this...
an energy that comes with it.
961
00:46:53,659 --> 00:46:57,083
[Salem] For Jamal,
there was so much hope.
962
00:46:57,183 --> 00:47:00,287
Al-Arab was his last
great passion project.
963
00:47:00,387 --> 00:47:02,289
[woman] speaking Arabic
964
00:47:02,389 --> 00:47:04,571
In six, five,
965
00:47:04,671 --> 00:47:07,575
four, three, two, one.
966
00:47:07,675 --> 00:47:08,776
Go, [indistinct].
967
00:47:08,876 --> 00:47:11,940
♪ exciting music ♪
968
00:47:12,040 --> 00:47:13,141
♪♪♪♪♪
969
00:47:13,241 --> 00:47:17,586
speaking Arabic
970
00:47:17,686 --> 00:47:21,070
[exciting news theme]
971
00:47:21,170 --> 00:47:23,152
[cheers and applause]
972
00:47:23,252 --> 00:47:26,476
[Fawaz] I turned around,
and I said, "Jamal, we did it.
973
00:47:26,576 --> 00:47:28,578
You can relax now."
974
00:47:30,180 --> 00:47:32,242
speaking Arabic
975
00:47:32,342 --> 00:47:35,686
I had my show
at eleven o'clock at night.
976
00:47:35,786 --> 00:47:38,169
I went back home,
thinking, "Okay,
977
00:47:38,269 --> 00:47:40,171
tomorrow we have to get up;
tomorrow's the next day.
978
00:47:40,271 --> 00:47:42,353
We have to start again."
979
00:47:43,114 --> 00:47:45,697
[Fawaz] I had
my phone ringing.
980
00:47:45,797 --> 00:47:48,941
I look at the phone,
I said, "Shit."
981
00:47:49,041 --> 00:47:51,023
[Al Shaikhli] Gentlemen
came to the station,
982
00:47:51,123 --> 00:47:53,345
to the master control room,
and they said
983
00:47:53,445 --> 00:47:55,788
we need to stop the broadcast.
984
00:47:55,888 --> 00:47:59,112
[Fawaz] They are really
asking us to shut down.
985
00:47:59,212 --> 00:48:01,595
We can't have anything
on the air.
986
00:48:01,695 --> 00:48:04,658
They ask to broadcast
just black.
987
00:48:07,261 --> 00:48:08,642
[high-pitched tone]
988
00:48:08,742 --> 00:48:11,105
And, uh, that was it.
989
00:48:13,748 --> 00:48:15,170
[man] Just three days
before the shutdown,
990
00:48:15,270 --> 00:48:17,572
a new king took the throne.
991
00:48:17,672 --> 00:48:20,475
Was that transition the issue?
992
00:48:21,877 --> 00:48:24,340
[inhales deeply, sighs]
993
00:48:24,440 --> 00:48:26,062
Um...
994
00:48:26,162 --> 00:48:28,905
yep.
995
00:48:29,005 --> 00:48:31,388
That-that was it.
That was it.
996
00:48:31,488 --> 00:48:33,230
♪ tense music ♪
997
00:48:33,330 --> 00:48:36,233
[people cheering]
998
00:48:36,333 --> 00:48:41,219
♪♪♪♪♪
999
00:48:46,705 --> 00:48:48,166
[Rundell] King Abdullah dies,
1000
00:48:48,266 --> 00:48:52,771
and the new king is Salman,
and no one really expects
1001
00:48:52,871 --> 00:48:55,935
there to be
any profound change.
1002
00:48:56,035 --> 00:48:57,937
But within the first 60 days,
1003
00:48:58,037 --> 00:49:00,420
things began to change
pretty quickly.
1004
00:49:00,520 --> 00:49:02,102
The king,
first thing he did was,
1005
00:49:02,202 --> 00:49:04,585
he made his son
the defense minister,
1006
00:49:04,685 --> 00:49:07,227
and he began
to pretty radically change
1007
00:49:07,327 --> 00:49:09,610
the way the Saudi government
was structured.
1008
00:49:10,291 --> 00:49:12,954
[Soufan] King Salman
wanted to cut the wings
1009
00:49:13,054 --> 00:49:15,397
of anyone else
in the royal family
1010
00:49:15,497 --> 00:49:19,121
and keep everything inside
his own immediate family,
1011
00:49:19,221 --> 00:49:21,283
especially his son.
1012
00:49:21,383 --> 00:49:24,807
[Rhodes] Mohammed bin Salman
was not even 30 years old.
1013
00:49:24,907 --> 00:49:27,450
He was basically
an unknown commodity,
1014
00:49:27,550 --> 00:49:29,092
so there was something fishy
1015
00:49:29,192 --> 00:49:31,094
about the whole thing
from the start.
1016
00:49:31,194 --> 00:49:32,976
- [all] chanting in Arabic
- [drums beating]
1017
00:49:33,076 --> 00:49:34,978
[Rundell] Many people,
myself included,
1018
00:49:35,078 --> 00:49:37,421
recognized that this
was potentially
1019
00:49:37,521 --> 00:49:40,304
a very dangerous
and difficult transition.
1020
00:49:40,404 --> 00:49:42,106
[drums beating]
1021
00:49:42,206 --> 00:49:43,868
I tend to think
that Saudi Arabia
1022
00:49:43,968 --> 00:49:45,790
is more stable
most of the time
1023
00:49:45,890 --> 00:49:47,833
than most people do,
1024
00:49:47,933 --> 00:49:49,915
but even I
certainly recognized
1025
00:49:50,015 --> 00:49:52,778
that this was a real
potential problem.
1026
00:49:55,141 --> 00:49:56,722
[Rhodes] You had this sense
of foreboding
1027
00:49:56,822 --> 00:49:58,284
of, what's gonna happen here?
1028
00:49:58,384 --> 00:50:00,006
We were concerned.
1029
00:50:00,106 --> 00:50:02,749
- [drums beating]
- [crowd cheering]
1030
00:50:08,916 --> 00:50:12,099
♪ uneasy music ♪
1031
00:50:12,199 --> 00:50:15,183
♪♪♪♪♪
1032
00:50:15,283 --> 00:50:17,746
[Wright] King Salman's
first act of censorship
1033
00:50:17,846 --> 00:50:19,788
was shutting down Al-Arab.
1034
00:50:19,888 --> 00:50:22,231
And Jamal, I think,
1035
00:50:22,331 --> 00:50:24,313
was caught short by it.
1036
00:50:24,413 --> 00:50:27,196
And it's notable
that the enforcer
1037
00:50:27,296 --> 00:50:29,879
of this first act
of censorship
1038
00:50:29,979 --> 00:50:32,402
was a man named
Saud al-Qahtani.
1039
00:50:32,502 --> 00:50:34,845
[woman vocalizing]
1040
00:50:34,945 --> 00:50:39,690
♪♪♪♪♪
1041
00:50:39,790 --> 00:50:41,532
[Obaid] Saud al-Qahtani
came into the royal court
1042
00:50:41,632 --> 00:50:43,214
as a media secretary,
1043
00:50:43,314 --> 00:50:46,057
and then his relationship
evolved there
1044
00:50:46,157 --> 00:50:48,340
and he basically
starting attacking,
1045
00:50:48,440 --> 00:50:51,423
organizing campaigns against
columnists, journalists,
1046
00:50:51,523 --> 00:50:53,385
what have you.
1047
00:50:53,485 --> 00:50:56,068
But more will come out
on Saud al-Qahtani's role
1048
00:50:56,168 --> 00:50:58,311
in the future,
because he ended up being
1049
00:50:58,411 --> 00:51:00,753
quite influential.
1050
00:51:00,853 --> 00:51:02,355
Al-Qahtani would tell
the editors
1051
00:51:02,455 --> 00:51:04,918
what they can write
and what they cannot write,
1052
00:51:05,018 --> 00:51:06,720
telling them,
"Put this on the front page.
1053
00:51:06,820 --> 00:51:08,162
Put this on the front,"
and Jamal,
1054
00:51:08,262 --> 00:51:10,725
he was very uncomfortable
with it.
1055
00:51:10,825 --> 00:51:12,086
I mean, you're a journalist.
1056
00:51:12,186 --> 00:51:13,467
Imagine if every two minutes,
someone's sending you
1057
00:51:13,548 --> 00:51:15,210
a message from the White House
telling you, you know,
1058
00:51:15,310 --> 00:51:16,571
"Don't write this.
Write this.
1059
00:51:16,671 --> 00:51:17,973
Put this on the front.
You can't take this"--
1060
00:51:18,073 --> 00:51:20,075
I mean, this is
what was happening.
1061
00:51:21,196 --> 00:51:23,939
[Rhodes] It was 2016,
and MBS had really started
1062
00:51:24,039 --> 00:51:26,382
getting his hands
onto the press.
1063
00:51:26,482 --> 00:51:29,065
And there was a group
in Yemen
1064
00:51:29,165 --> 00:51:32,108
who have always been
antagonists of Saudi Arabia.
1065
00:51:32,208 --> 00:51:34,951
And so MBS,
as defense minister,
1066
00:51:35,051 --> 00:51:37,995
basically decides
to go into Yemen
1067
00:51:38,095 --> 00:51:40,197
and take these-these guys on.
1068
00:51:40,297 --> 00:51:43,180
speaking Arabic
1069
00:51:44,422 --> 00:51:47,365
[jet engine roaring]
1070
00:51:47,465 --> 00:51:49,728
[Rhodes] The Saudi
invasion of Yemen
1071
00:51:49,828 --> 00:51:52,211
would never happen
without MBS.
1072
00:51:52,311 --> 00:51:55,294
MBS was using
the invasion of Yemen
1073
00:51:55,394 --> 00:51:57,737
as a means
of consolidating power,
1074
00:51:57,837 --> 00:52:00,380
as a means of getting
the armed forces
1075
00:52:00,480 --> 00:52:01,501
really under him.
1076
00:52:01,601 --> 00:52:03,263
[explosion booms]
1077
00:52:03,363 --> 00:52:05,145
[woman] To Yemen now,
breaking overnight,
1078
00:52:05,245 --> 00:52:07,307
Yemen erupting,
and Saudi Arabia,
1079
00:52:07,407 --> 00:52:09,350
backed by a ten-nation
coalition,
1080
00:52:09,450 --> 00:52:10,791
launching air strikes.
1081
00:52:10,891 --> 00:52:12,153
The U.S. is providing
1082
00:52:12,253 --> 00:52:13,995
logistical and intelligence
support.
1083
00:52:14,095 --> 00:52:17,479
- [explosion booms]
- [person shrieks]
1084
00:52:17,579 --> 00:52:19,841
[Soufan] The war in Yemen
was essential
1085
00:52:19,941 --> 00:52:22,604
to the rise
of Mohammed bin Salman.
1086
00:52:22,704 --> 00:52:26,088
And they thought
that they can go to Yemen
1087
00:52:26,188 --> 00:52:28,971
couple of month,
finish the war,
1088
00:52:29,071 --> 00:52:30,493
declare victory,
1089
00:52:30,593 --> 00:52:33,657
and then he will be the person
1090
00:52:33,757 --> 00:52:37,581
who is liked, loved, admired
1091
00:52:37,681 --> 00:52:39,663
in the Sunni Muslim world.
1092
00:52:39,763 --> 00:52:41,545
♪♪♪♪♪
1093
00:52:41,645 --> 00:52:44,769
[Karman] speaking Arabic
1094
00:52:56,582 --> 00:52:59,105
[men] speaking Arabic
1095
00:53:01,668 --> 00:53:03,670
[explosion booms]
1096
00:53:07,674 --> 00:53:10,538
[child] speaking Arabic
1097
00:53:10,638 --> 00:53:13,541
♪ somber music ♪
1098
00:53:13,641 --> 00:53:18,406
♪♪♪♪♪
1099
00:53:29,539 --> 00:53:32,642
[Wright] Tens of thousands
of people have been killed.
1100
00:53:32,742 --> 00:53:34,244
They've bombed hospitals,
1101
00:53:34,344 --> 00:53:38,088
UN facilities,
refugee camps.
1102
00:53:38,188 --> 00:53:42,253
Fifty thousand children
have starved to death.
1103
00:53:42,353 --> 00:53:46,377
America has assisted
in this genocide.
1104
00:53:46,477 --> 00:53:48,139
Not only have we supplied
the weapons,
1105
00:53:48,239 --> 00:53:51,423
we refueled the bombers
and the fighter planes.
1106
00:53:51,523 --> 00:53:53,505
We trained them.
1107
00:53:53,605 --> 00:53:56,789
In the Arab world,
it's known as
1108
00:53:56,889 --> 00:53:59,952
the Saudi-American War
on Yemen.
1109
00:54:00,052 --> 00:54:02,956
♪ dramatic music ♪
1110
00:54:03,056 --> 00:54:04,678
♪♪♪♪♪
1111
00:54:04,778 --> 00:54:06,119
[Rhodes]
The war in Yemen
1112
00:54:06,219 --> 00:54:08,221
was a real humanitarian
catastrophe.
1113
00:54:09,823 --> 00:54:12,126
There had been other issues
that we were aware of.
1114
00:54:12,226 --> 00:54:14,929
Saudi Arabia had detained
a number of bloggers
1115
00:54:15,029 --> 00:54:17,051
and journalists.
1116
00:54:17,151 --> 00:54:20,135
They'd also had
a mass execution of Shia,
1117
00:54:20,235 --> 00:54:22,878
including some prominent
Shia clerics.
1118
00:54:23,759 --> 00:54:26,602
[Anas] speaking Arabic
1119
00:54:30,286 --> 00:54:33,369
[man] shouting in Arabic
1120
00:54:37,414 --> 00:54:38,836
[person wails]
1121
00:54:38,936 --> 00:54:41,559
[Rhodes] Our last trip
was in April of 2016.
1122
00:54:41,659 --> 00:54:43,481
- [indistinct chatter]
- [camera shutters clicking]
1123
00:54:43,581 --> 00:54:45,683
Thank you very much,
Your Majesty.
1124
00:54:45,783 --> 00:54:48,086
[Rhodes] President Obama
started to urge King Salman
1125
00:54:48,186 --> 00:54:50,128
to release
some of these bloggers
1126
00:54:50,228 --> 00:54:52,971
and journalists,
and with that...
1127
00:54:53,071 --> 00:54:54,493
[man] Mr. President...
1128
00:54:54,593 --> 00:54:56,015
[Rhodes] ...MBS stands up
1129
00:54:56,115 --> 00:55:00,580
and begins to lecture
President Obama, saying,
1130
00:55:00,680 --> 00:55:02,662
"You don't understand
the Saudi justice system.
1131
00:55:02,762 --> 00:55:05,025
Maybe we can get you a briefing
on the Saudi justice system
1132
00:55:05,125 --> 00:55:07,187
and how it works."
1133
00:55:07,287 --> 00:55:10,671
This was a very aggressive
presentation,
1134
00:55:10,771 --> 00:55:13,194
and I've-I've never seen
anything like this.
1135
00:55:13,294 --> 00:55:14,795
I mean, it's very unusual
for anybody
1136
00:55:14,895 --> 00:55:17,318
other than the president's
interlocutor to talk at all.
1137
00:55:17,418 --> 00:55:18,760
It's certainly unusual
for them to stand up
1138
00:55:18,860 --> 00:55:20,362
and kind of lecture the
president of the United States.
1139
00:55:20,462 --> 00:55:22,684
Thank you
for your hospitality.
1140
00:55:22,784 --> 00:55:24,206
[applause]
1141
00:55:24,306 --> 00:55:25,968
[Rhodes] Our view was,
they're clearly
1142
00:55:26,068 --> 00:55:28,110
waiting for whoever's next.
1143
00:55:29,992 --> 00:55:33,536
[crowd chanting "U.S.A.!"]
1144
00:55:33,636 --> 00:55:37,180
[man] It is my high honor
to introduce to you
1145
00:55:37,280 --> 00:55:39,743
the president of the United
States of America,
1146
00:55:39,843 --> 00:55:42,466
Donald Trump.
1147
00:55:42,566 --> 00:55:43,868
[crowd cheering]
1148
00:55:43,968 --> 00:55:45,389
[message chirps]
1149
00:55:45,489 --> 00:55:48,993
[Trump] I'm with you,
the American people.
1150
00:55:49,093 --> 00:55:50,916
[Obaid] So Jamal put out
a series of tweets
1151
00:55:51,016 --> 00:55:53,719
being critical of Trump,
1152
00:55:53,819 --> 00:55:55,641
and then we got a warning.
1153
00:55:55,741 --> 00:55:57,683
There was an official
statement put out
1154
00:55:57,783 --> 00:56:00,086
by the foreign ministry
where they basically said
1155
00:56:00,186 --> 00:56:01,728
that Jamal and I
didn't represent
1156
00:56:01,828 --> 00:56:03,249
the Saudi government, pft,
1157
00:56:03,349 --> 00:56:04,811
which is, okay, fine,
1158
00:56:04,911 --> 00:56:07,534
but that, I took as,
you know,
1159
00:56:07,634 --> 00:56:08,815
things are different now.
1160
00:56:08,915 --> 00:56:10,698
You know, there's
new guys in town.
1161
00:56:10,798 --> 00:56:12,660
Uh, it's time to be quiet.
1162
00:56:12,760 --> 00:56:15,483
♪ dark music ♪
1163
00:56:16,003 --> 00:56:19,047
[Kandil] speaking Arabic
1164
00:56:45,156 --> 00:56:46,457
[Obaid] Saud al-Qahtani
called him.
1165
00:56:46,557 --> 00:56:48,660
Told him, "You can't write.
You can't speak.
1166
00:56:48,760 --> 00:56:50,782
You can't tweet.
You can't do anything."
1167
00:56:50,882 --> 00:56:52,464
And I said,
"Let's just stop this.
1168
00:56:52,564 --> 00:56:54,266
There's no point
in continuing.
1169
00:56:54,366 --> 00:56:57,590
Clearly, we've become
persona non grata."
1170
00:56:57,690 --> 00:56:58,991
Jamal was very upset
about it.
1171
00:56:59,091 --> 00:57:01,754
He had a big name.
He was like, "What do I do?"
1172
00:57:01,854 --> 00:57:03,156
[woman] What will you do?
1173
00:57:03,256 --> 00:57:06,119
Like, will you be able
to go back to Saudi Arabia?
1174
00:57:06,219 --> 00:57:07,761
In principle, I can,
1175
00:57:07,861 --> 00:57:12,726
uh, but when I, uh, see how
many of my colleagues ended,
1176
00:57:12,826 --> 00:57:16,651
either, uh, jailed
or banned from travel, uh,
1177
00:57:16,751 --> 00:57:19,374
I-I-I...
1178
00:57:19,474 --> 00:57:21,016
uh, I think otherwise.
1179
00:57:21,116 --> 00:57:24,199
♪ dramatic music ♪
1180
00:57:24,960 --> 00:57:28,083
[Kandil] speaking Arabic
1181
00:57:36,132 --> 00:57:37,994
[jet engine roaring]
1182
00:57:38,094 --> 00:57:40,737
[Salem] Jamal messaged me
from a new U.S. number.
1183
00:57:44,502 --> 00:57:47,104
He dropped off some bags
to hold at my apartment.
1184
00:57:49,307 --> 00:57:51,049
It's hard for me
to talk about Jamal
1185
00:57:51,149 --> 00:57:55,974
leaving Saudi Arabia because...
1186
00:57:56,074 --> 00:57:59,698
it pained him
1187
00:57:59,798 --> 00:58:01,541
literally until the end.
1188
00:58:01,641 --> 00:58:02,782
[sniffles]
1189
00:58:02,882 --> 00:58:04,624
♪♪♪♪♪
1190
00:58:04,724 --> 00:58:07,387
Alaa was so upset with him,
1191
00:58:07,487 --> 00:58:09,509
and she had choices to make
1192
00:58:09,609 --> 00:58:11,992
because she had a travel ban
1193
00:58:12,092 --> 00:58:14,155
placed on her.
1194
00:58:14,255 --> 00:58:15,916
And it was impossible
to reconcile
1195
00:58:16,016 --> 00:58:18,720
because there was
no way out of this.
1196
00:58:18,820 --> 00:58:21,082
As long as she
was married to him,
1197
00:58:21,182 --> 00:58:23,245
there was no other option.
1198
00:58:23,345 --> 00:58:25,567
[jet engines whooshing]
1199
00:58:25,667 --> 00:58:29,091
The thing that I hope
that Alaa knows
1200
00:58:29,191 --> 00:58:32,175
is how much he loved her
1201
00:58:32,275 --> 00:58:34,677
and regretted the end
of their marriage.
1202
00:58:36,279 --> 00:58:39,783
[Wright] Jamal and I
were talking on the phone,
1203
00:58:39,883 --> 00:58:41,545
and he was very lonely.
1204
00:58:41,645 --> 00:58:45,389
You could see
that he was-he was...
1205
00:58:45,489 --> 00:58:48,753
he had made a huge sacrifice
in his personal life.
1206
00:58:48,853 --> 00:58:51,796
[Khashoggi] Unfortunately,
many think the people
1207
00:58:51,896 --> 00:58:53,799
of the Arab world
are not ready yet
1208
00:58:53,899 --> 00:58:57,603
for that luxury of choosing
their own leader,
1209
00:58:57,703 --> 00:58:59,765
and that's what we are
lacking until today.
1210
00:58:59,865 --> 00:59:01,287
[Wright] Can I just jump in,
one thing?
1211
00:59:01,387 --> 00:59:04,250
We shouldn't pass too quickly
over some of these reforms
1212
00:59:04,350 --> 00:59:07,294
being very important to
the future of that country...
1213
00:59:07,394 --> 00:59:08,895
But it was surprising to me
1214
00:59:08,995 --> 00:59:11,298
that we had
such different takes
1215
00:59:11,398 --> 00:59:13,100
on Mohammed bin Salman.
1216
00:59:13,200 --> 00:59:14,982
I saw him as a reformer.
1217
00:59:15,082 --> 00:59:17,225
[Bartiromo] Let me introduce
the vision
1218
00:59:17,325 --> 00:59:19,547
behind something
of a revolution.
1219
00:59:19,647 --> 00:59:22,110
Please welcome to the stage,
ladies and gentlemen,
1220
00:59:22,210 --> 00:59:23,992
His Royal Highness
1221
00:59:24,092 --> 00:59:26,114
Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
1222
00:59:26,214 --> 00:59:27,556
[applause]
1223
00:59:27,656 --> 00:59:29,959
[Rhodes] I found it to be
utterly bizarre
1224
00:59:30,059 --> 00:59:32,401
that at a time when this guy
1225
00:59:32,501 --> 00:59:34,764
is clearly cracking down
on dissent,
1226
00:59:34,864 --> 00:59:37,047
is, you know,
involved in this kind of
1227
00:59:37,147 --> 00:59:40,130
rash war in Yemen
that is killing people
1228
00:59:40,230 --> 00:59:41,972
and precipitating famine,
1229
00:59:42,072 --> 00:59:44,615
that he's getting great press
in the United States.
1230
00:59:44,715 --> 00:59:46,657
[man] Begin with Saudi Aramco,
a strong public debut
1231
00:59:46,757 --> 00:59:50,101
after raising a record
25.6 billion in the IPO.
1232
00:59:50,201 --> 00:59:51,943
[Rhodes] But of course,
the U.S. business community
1233
00:59:52,043 --> 00:59:54,786
was drooling over, you know,
an Aramco public offering
1234
00:59:54,886 --> 00:59:56,888
that could be worth
trillions of dollars.
1235
00:59:58,771 --> 01:00:01,634
Mohammed bin Salman
was vetted in Washington,
1236
01:00:01,734 --> 01:00:04,998
New York City,
Hollywood,
1237
01:00:05,098 --> 01:00:06,840
Silicon Valley.
1238
01:00:06,940 --> 01:00:10,003
Every major aspect
1239
01:00:10,103 --> 01:00:12,526
of American power
1240
01:00:12,626 --> 01:00:15,409
rolled out the red carpet
for this guy.
1241
01:00:15,509 --> 01:00:18,693
Mohammed bin Salman
is a trillionaire,
1242
01:00:18,793 --> 01:00:21,696
and that's
all these people saw.
1243
01:00:21,796 --> 01:00:23,738
Jamal Khashoggi's voice
was important,
1244
01:00:23,838 --> 01:00:25,540
because it was one of the only
dissenting voices.
1245
01:00:25,640 --> 01:00:27,022
I still see him
as a reformer,
1246
01:00:27,122 --> 01:00:30,186
but he is gathering
all power within his hand,
1247
01:00:30,286 --> 01:00:32,468
and it would be much better
for him
1248
01:00:32,568 --> 01:00:35,191
to allow a breathing space
for critic,
1249
01:00:35,291 --> 01:00:38,114
for Saudi intellectuals,
Saudi writers,
1250
01:00:38,214 --> 01:00:39,876
Saudi media to debate.
1251
01:00:39,976 --> 01:00:41,598
Uh, we've become
very good friends
1252
01:00:41,698 --> 01:00:44,321
over a fairly short
period of time,
1253
01:00:44,421 --> 01:00:47,605
and we are bringing back
hundreds of billions of dollars
1254
01:00:47,705 --> 01:00:49,006
into the United States...
1255
01:00:49,106 --> 01:00:51,689
[Wright] Trump recognized
a kinship.
1256
01:00:51,789 --> 01:00:53,011
They're rich
and entitled people.
1257
01:00:53,111 --> 01:00:54,893
They found common ground.
1258
01:00:54,993 --> 01:00:59,138
And the kingdom saw him
as a benefactor,
1259
01:00:59,238 --> 01:01:01,100
a kind of stooge
they could use.
1260
01:01:01,200 --> 01:01:02,942
...million dollars,
that's peanuts for you.
1261
01:01:03,042 --> 01:01:04,544
[chuckles]
1262
01:01:04,644 --> 01:01:05,745
Thank you, Mr. President.
1263
01:01:05,845 --> 01:01:07,587
[Wright] And so
Mohammed bin Salman
1264
01:01:07,687 --> 01:01:09,389
became Trump's man,
1265
01:01:09,489 --> 01:01:11,691
Trump's man
in the Middle East.
1266
01:01:13,614 --> 01:01:16,657
[jet engine whooshing]
1267
01:01:22,704 --> 01:01:25,767
[brass horns blaring]
1268
01:01:25,867 --> 01:01:28,090
♪♪♪♪♪
1269
01:01:28,190 --> 01:01:30,613
[Rhodes] Trump's first
trip as president
1270
01:01:30,713 --> 01:01:33,456
is to Saudi Arabia,
which is totally bizarre.
1271
01:01:33,556 --> 01:01:34,937
I mean, uh,
every U.S. president
1272
01:01:35,037 --> 01:01:37,100
goes to Canada or Mexico.
1273
01:01:37,200 --> 01:01:39,382
To go to Saudi Arabia
on your first trip...
1274
01:01:39,482 --> 01:01:41,905
[chuckles]
...this-this is insane.
1275
01:01:42,005 --> 01:01:47,131
♪♪♪♪♪
1276
01:01:47,611 --> 01:01:49,714
And when I saw
that famous picture
1277
01:01:49,814 --> 01:01:52,637
of Trump and Sisi
and King Salman
1278
01:01:52,737 --> 01:01:54,279
with, like, the orb,
I mean, it...
1279
01:01:54,379 --> 01:01:55,440
♪ dramatic music ♪
1280
01:01:55,540 --> 01:01:57,522
...that said it all.
1281
01:01:57,622 --> 01:01:59,685
You know,
Egypt's General Sisi
1282
01:01:59,785 --> 01:02:01,327
is a brutal dictator,
1283
01:02:01,427 --> 01:02:03,329
and King Salman killed
1284
01:02:03,429 --> 01:02:05,131
the promise
of the Arab Spring.
1285
01:02:05,231 --> 01:02:07,333
So clearly,
Trump was for sale.
1286
01:02:07,433 --> 01:02:09,896
I mean, the Saudi ambassadors
are going around here
1287
01:02:09,996 --> 01:02:11,298
telling everybody
that they've got
1288
01:02:11,398 --> 01:02:13,140
Jared and Ivanka
in their pocket.
1289
01:02:13,240 --> 01:02:15,642
- [men] chanting in Arabic
- [drums beating]
1290
01:02:17,164 --> 01:02:19,106
[Rhodes] Whatever MBS's
wish list was,
1291
01:02:19,206 --> 01:02:21,409
Trump was saying yes to.
1292
01:02:23,731 --> 01:02:26,154
So it was pretty clear
that there's
1293
01:02:26,254 --> 01:02:27,996
going to come
a point of reckoning.
1294
01:02:28,096 --> 01:02:30,920
♪ tense music ♪
1295
01:02:31,020 --> 01:02:33,422
♪♪♪♪♪
1296
01:02:34,303 --> 01:02:37,587
[Anas] speaking Arabic
1297
01:02:48,159 --> 01:02:50,221
[woman] The massive purge
of princes
1298
01:02:50,321 --> 01:02:52,704
and one of the world's
best-known billionaires
1299
01:02:52,804 --> 01:02:55,026
all arrested by a man
who would be a king,
1300
01:02:55,126 --> 01:02:57,229
a man emboldened
by President Trump.
1301
01:02:57,329 --> 01:02:59,671
[Wright] On November 4, 2017,
1302
01:02:59,771 --> 01:03:03,035
these raids took place
all over Saudi Arabia.
1303
01:03:03,135 --> 01:03:06,058
[people yelling]
1304
01:03:08,101 --> 01:03:10,283
Many of the most prominent
businessmen,
1305
01:03:10,383 --> 01:03:13,647
intellectuals were rounded up,
hundreds of them,
1306
01:03:13,747 --> 01:03:17,091
and put in the Ritz-Carlton
in Riyadh.
1307
01:03:17,191 --> 01:03:20,495
♪♪♪♪♪
1308
01:03:20,595 --> 01:03:22,577
And they were held for weeks,
1309
01:03:22,677 --> 01:03:25,860
interrogated, tortured.
1310
01:03:25,960 --> 01:03:27,422
Many of them
were hospitalized.
1311
01:03:27,522 --> 01:03:29,705
One guy, his neck was broken.
1312
01:03:29,805 --> 01:03:32,548
His body was covered
with electrical burns.
1313
01:03:32,648 --> 01:03:34,230
He was a general.
1314
01:03:34,330 --> 01:03:38,114
They were shaken down
by Mohammed bin Salman's man,
1315
01:03:38,214 --> 01:03:40,196
Saud al-Qahtani.
1316
01:03:40,296 --> 01:03:41,678
That was a coup.
1317
01:03:41,778 --> 01:03:45,242
♪♪♪♪♪
1318
01:03:45,342 --> 01:03:48,125
[Soufan] Saudi Arabia
had different factions
1319
01:03:48,225 --> 01:03:49,367
inside the royal family.
1320
01:03:49,467 --> 01:03:52,250
Each one of these factions
have connections
1321
01:03:52,350 --> 01:03:55,093
to economic elite,
to business elite.
1322
01:03:55,193 --> 01:03:57,616
You have
the religious establishment.
1323
01:03:57,716 --> 01:03:59,378
But Mohammed bin Salman
decided
1324
01:03:59,478 --> 01:04:01,020
that there's only one faction
1325
01:04:01,120 --> 01:04:02,661
in the house of Saud,
and it's him.
1326
01:04:02,761 --> 01:04:07,847
♪♪♪♪♪
1327
01:04:11,972 --> 01:04:15,275
[Salem] The ripple effect
from Al-Waleed
1328
01:04:15,375 --> 01:04:17,878
being arrested was tremendous.
1329
01:04:17,978 --> 01:04:20,601
Stock prices moved.
1330
01:04:20,701 --> 01:04:22,684
It was seismic.
1331
01:04:22,784 --> 01:04:26,167
Prince Al-Waleed
is an important investor,
1332
01:04:26,267 --> 01:04:29,811
the most well-known member
of the royal family
1333
01:04:29,911 --> 01:04:31,974
outside the kingdom,
1334
01:04:32,074 --> 01:04:34,957
very firmly within
the center of power.
1335
01:04:35,958 --> 01:04:39,863
[Wright] Prince Al-Waleed
had been Jamal's patron.
1336
01:04:39,963 --> 01:04:43,967
And suddenly, you see on TV
that he is powerless.
1337
01:04:45,208 --> 01:04:46,710
This is my Diet Pepsi.
1338
01:04:46,810 --> 01:04:48,752
[Wright] He is praising
his kidnapper
1339
01:04:48,852 --> 01:04:50,074
and telling everybody
1340
01:04:50,174 --> 01:04:51,516
that he's been treated
very well.
1341
01:04:51,616 --> 01:04:52,957
And all these rumors
really upset me.
1342
01:04:53,057 --> 01:04:54,319
- [woman] Okay.
- I mean, because now,
1343
01:04:54,419 --> 01:04:55,320
they-they went so far.
1344
01:04:55,420 --> 01:04:56,401
All lies.
1345
01:04:56,501 --> 01:04:57,682
You know, I've been always, uh,
1346
01:04:57,782 --> 01:04:59,925
all the time here,
at this hotel,
1347
01:05:00,025 --> 01:05:02,067
and, um,
everything has been fine.
1348
01:05:04,149 --> 01:05:06,532
[Wright] When I talked
to Jamal last,
1349
01:05:06,632 --> 01:05:08,895
he said he got out
just in time.
1350
01:05:08,995 --> 01:05:12,659
He would no doubt have been
in the Ritz-Carlton,
1351
01:05:12,759 --> 01:05:16,103
maybe in far worse
circumstances.
1352
01:05:16,203 --> 01:05:19,126
♪♪♪♪♪
1353
01:05:21,529 --> 01:05:24,612
[Kandil] speaking Arabic
1354
01:05:45,275 --> 01:05:48,539
♪♪♪♪♪
1355
01:05:48,639 --> 01:05:51,302
[El-Atr] Jamal was very sad.
1356
01:05:51,402 --> 01:05:53,464
He lost hope.
1357
01:05:53,564 --> 01:05:55,066
I said, "No, take it easy.
1358
01:05:55,166 --> 01:05:55,907
You're free now.
1359
01:05:56,007 --> 01:05:57,509
You can express your opinion.
1360
01:05:57,609 --> 01:05:58,910
You have a freedom,
1361
01:05:59,010 --> 01:06:00,392
because not to say
your opinion
1362
01:06:00,492 --> 01:06:02,554
about what's happening,
that will kill you."
1363
01:06:02,654 --> 01:06:05,758
♪ somber music ♪
1364
01:06:05,858 --> 01:06:08,962
I know Jamal for ten years.
1365
01:06:09,062 --> 01:06:12,686
And we become
closer and closer.
1366
01:06:12,786 --> 01:06:15,369
I have a habit
to wake him up every day
1367
01:06:15,469 --> 01:06:17,611
seven o'clock in the morning
because he was lonely.
1368
01:06:17,711 --> 01:06:18,852
He was isolated.
1369
01:06:18,952 --> 01:06:22,056
♪♪♪♪♪
1370
01:06:22,156 --> 01:06:24,579
This went for a while
1371
01:06:24,679 --> 01:06:28,423
until the middle of 2017,
1372
01:06:28,523 --> 01:06:29,865
he sent to me a message.
1373
01:06:29,965 --> 01:06:31,467
He said, "Hanan,
come and stay with me.
1374
01:06:31,567 --> 01:06:33,269
Come, and they won't see you."
1375
01:06:33,369 --> 01:06:37,593
♪♪♪♪♪
1376
01:06:37,693 --> 01:06:39,916
I was very happy.
1377
01:06:40,016 --> 01:06:41,518
He's the man I wished,
1378
01:06:41,618 --> 01:06:44,000
but I didn't have a courage
to express it before
1379
01:06:44,100 --> 01:06:46,363
because he was married.
1380
01:06:46,463 --> 01:06:48,565
First time I managed
to come and see him,
1381
01:06:48,665 --> 01:06:52,129
it was to celebrate
his birthday in March.
1382
01:06:52,229 --> 01:06:56,294
Well, it was his half-birthday
party in March,
1383
01:06:56,394 --> 01:06:58,497
and he was dating
1384
01:06:58,597 --> 01:07:00,499
a really wonderful woman.
1385
01:07:00,599 --> 01:07:03,362
It was always fun
to have Jamal happy.
1386
01:07:04,363 --> 01:07:06,545
[El-Atr]
When we got married,
1387
01:07:06,645 --> 01:07:09,349
it was the most beautiful
day in my life,
1388
01:07:09,449 --> 01:07:11,191
and I will never forget.
1389
01:07:11,291 --> 01:07:13,473
♪♪♪♪♪
1390
01:07:13,573 --> 01:07:15,475
I think I'm in a dream.
1391
01:07:15,575 --> 01:07:18,158
♪♪♪♪♪
1392
01:07:18,258 --> 01:07:22,643
But he was very loyal
to the Kingdom of Saudi,
1393
01:07:22,743 --> 01:07:26,648
so he was feeling very bad
because he lost his hope.
1394
01:07:26,748 --> 01:07:29,251
♪♪♪♪♪
1395
01:07:29,351 --> 01:07:32,074
He decide he have
to express himself.
1396
01:07:37,680 --> 01:07:40,183
[Soltan] Fall of 2017,
1397
01:07:40,283 --> 01:07:42,766
Jamal was in
self-imposed exile.
1398
01:07:43,807 --> 01:07:45,028
We met,
1399
01:07:45,128 --> 01:07:46,710
and he gave me
the biggest bear hug.
1400
01:07:46,810 --> 01:07:49,633
It was really, really warm,
and then he started crying.
1401
01:07:49,733 --> 01:07:52,717
He said, "I left my country.
1402
01:07:52,817 --> 01:07:56,401
I left my family behind
for freedom,
1403
01:07:56,501 --> 01:07:58,483
just to be free.
1404
01:07:58,583 --> 01:08:02,407
And no one knows what that
feels like more than you."
1405
01:08:02,507 --> 01:08:03,969
♪ ♪
1406
01:08:04,069 --> 01:08:05,731
I learned later
1407
01:08:05,831 --> 01:08:07,533
that his first
Washington Post article
1408
01:08:07,633 --> 01:08:10,116
was published that hour.
1409
01:08:11,157 --> 01:08:13,219
[Faris as Khashoggi]
"Saudi Arabia wasn't always
1410
01:08:13,319 --> 01:08:16,743
this repressive,"
by Jamal Khashoggi.
1411
01:08:16,843 --> 01:08:19,026
♪ dramatic music ♪
1412
01:08:19,126 --> 01:08:21,509
We spend endless hours
on the phone
1413
01:08:21,609 --> 01:08:25,153
trying to understand
the wave of arrests.
1414
01:08:25,253 --> 01:08:29,197
Are we going to be the core
of the Saudi diaspora?
1415
01:08:29,297 --> 01:08:33,001
Al-Hayat canceled my column.
1416
01:08:33,101 --> 01:08:36,085
The government
banned me from Twitter.
1417
01:08:36,185 --> 01:08:38,407
I spent six months silent,
1418
01:08:38,507 --> 01:08:41,431
reflecting on
the stark choices before me.
1419
01:08:43,072 --> 01:08:47,337
Years ago, when several
friends were arrested,
1420
01:08:47,437 --> 01:08:49,440
I said nothing.
1421
01:08:50,200 --> 01:08:53,184
I have made
a different choice now.
1422
01:08:53,284 --> 01:08:55,066
I have left my home,
1423
01:08:55,166 --> 01:08:58,950
my family, and my job,
1424
01:08:59,050 --> 01:09:02,594
and I am raising my voice.
1425
01:09:02,694 --> 01:09:07,860
♪♪♪♪♪
1426
01:09:28,243 --> 01:09:30,305
[Obaid]
He wrote that first piece.
1427
01:09:30,405 --> 01:09:32,988
Next day,
his ex-wife calls me,
1428
01:09:33,088 --> 01:09:34,590
says, "Look what he just did."
1429
01:09:34,690 --> 01:09:36,352
Which, I was like, "But, Jamal,
we just talked.
1430
01:09:36,452 --> 01:09:38,554
What's going on?"
1431
01:09:38,654 --> 01:09:41,337
Clearly, something
had gone very wrong.
1432
01:09:43,019 --> 01:09:44,841
He had kept this very secret.
1433
01:09:44,941 --> 01:09:46,963
That shocked a lot of us,
1434
01:09:47,063 --> 01:09:49,046
and when it came
to Saudi Arabia,
1435
01:09:49,146 --> 01:09:52,169
I always believed
that his loyalty was strong
1436
01:09:52,269 --> 01:09:56,294
to his country
and to his king.
1437
01:09:56,394 --> 01:09:58,977
I felt that
I had been betrayed.
1438
01:09:59,077 --> 01:10:01,399
♪♪♪♪♪
1439
01:10:05,444 --> 01:10:08,267
[Bishara] Jamal expressed
his opinion
1440
01:10:08,367 --> 01:10:11,431
from Washington,
the seat of power,
1441
01:10:11,531 --> 01:10:14,434
writing in the voice
of empire,
1442
01:10:14,534 --> 01:10:16,036
The Washington Post.
1443
01:10:16,136 --> 01:10:18,819
That could not be tolerated.
1444
01:10:19,900 --> 01:10:22,042
[Obaid] He started writing
this, saying these things,
1445
01:10:22,142 --> 01:10:24,005
and then
all these weird people
1446
01:10:24,105 --> 01:10:25,566
started getting to know him.
1447
01:10:25,666 --> 01:10:29,250
You know, uh, started to,
you know, hang around with him,
1448
01:10:29,350 --> 01:10:31,213
tweet things about him.
1449
01:10:31,313 --> 01:10:33,575
It became very bizarre.
1450
01:10:33,675 --> 01:10:36,579
[dark music]
1451
01:10:36,679 --> 01:10:39,302
♪♪♪♪♪
1452
01:10:39,402 --> 01:10:42,265
[Maloney] Mr. Khashoggi
was publishing articles
1453
01:10:42,365 --> 01:10:44,708
that were critical
of the Saudi regime,
1454
01:10:44,808 --> 01:10:48,231
and so we called him
to request a meeting.
1455
01:10:48,331 --> 01:10:51,155
Jamal Khashoggi
knew a lot of information
1456
01:10:51,255 --> 01:10:54,318
about al-Qaeda
and Saudi support for al-Qaeda.
1457
01:10:54,418 --> 01:10:57,081
So we wanted to talk to him.
1458
01:10:57,181 --> 01:10:59,124
The meeting
with our investigator
1459
01:10:59,224 --> 01:11:01,086
was the morning
of October 26th
1460
01:11:01,186 --> 01:11:03,248
in the Virginia area.
1461
01:11:03,348 --> 01:11:06,532
This was
a preliminary meeting.
1462
01:11:06,632 --> 01:11:09,015
It became clear
that Mr. Khashoggi
1463
01:11:09,115 --> 01:11:11,577
had a lot to say.
1464
01:11:11,677 --> 01:11:14,220
[Wright] The morning
that he's going to meet
1465
01:11:14,320 --> 01:11:17,424
with the investigator,
he gets a call from his son
1466
01:11:17,524 --> 01:11:20,587
in Saudi Arabia saying
that their travel permits
1467
01:11:20,687 --> 01:11:23,230
had been taken away.
1468
01:11:23,330 --> 01:11:24,792
So essentially,
the Saudi authorities
1469
01:11:24,892 --> 01:11:28,436
know that he's meeting
with this investigator,
1470
01:11:28,536 --> 01:11:32,881
and his children
are being held hostage.
1471
01:11:32,981 --> 01:11:34,803
[Maloney] The first thing
Mr. Khashoggi indicated
1472
01:11:34,903 --> 01:11:37,166
was the recent news
about his son's
1473
01:11:37,266 --> 01:11:40,229
inability to travel,
which upset him.
1474
01:11:42,271 --> 01:11:44,134
I used to be
a federal prosecutor,
1475
01:11:44,234 --> 01:11:47,457
and we had informants
that elected to testify
1476
01:11:47,557 --> 01:11:50,621
against their coconspirators.
1477
01:11:50,721 --> 01:11:53,184
If Jamal Khashoggi
had been an insider,
1478
01:11:53,284 --> 01:11:54,986
and he was,
and had information
1479
01:11:55,086 --> 01:11:56,627
that could be helpful to us
1480
01:11:56,727 --> 01:11:59,631
and was willing to meet
with us and discuss it,
1481
01:11:59,731 --> 01:12:02,714
that is a serious threat
to the Saudi government.
1482
01:12:02,814 --> 01:12:06,118
The question is,
to what extent
1483
01:12:06,218 --> 01:12:08,961
was the Saudi government
and the royal family
1484
01:12:09,061 --> 01:12:10,963
entangled with al-Qaeda?
1485
01:12:11,063 --> 01:12:12,445
Well, they were.
1486
01:12:12,545 --> 01:12:15,168
Going back before al-Qaeda,
1487
01:12:15,268 --> 01:12:17,210
they were funding
the mujahideen,
1488
01:12:17,310 --> 01:12:19,493
and King Salman
was the principal bundler
1489
01:12:19,593 --> 01:12:22,096
of all these contributions
to the mujahideen
1490
01:12:22,196 --> 01:12:24,418
and then later to al-Qaeda.
1491
01:12:24,518 --> 01:12:26,761
- [men chanting]
- [drums beating]
1492
01:12:28,082 --> 01:12:29,624
Jamal would have known
about that.
1493
01:12:29,724 --> 01:12:31,786
Jamal worked
with Prince Turki,
1494
01:12:31,886 --> 01:12:35,030
who had been the head
of intelligence,
1495
01:12:35,130 --> 01:12:36,952
and he facilitated
these meetings
1496
01:12:37,052 --> 01:12:39,755
with bin Laden in Afghanistan.
1497
01:12:39,855 --> 01:12:43,039
And who knows
what bin Laden told him?
1498
01:12:43,139 --> 01:12:45,602
I mean, is there a person
in the whole world
1499
01:12:45,702 --> 01:12:47,804
that knows more
about this relationship
1500
01:12:47,904 --> 01:12:48,965
than Jamal Khashoggi?
1501
01:12:49,065 --> 01:12:49,927
I don't think so.
1502
01:12:50,027 --> 01:12:52,770
[chuckling]
1503
01:12:52,870 --> 01:12:54,772
[Maloney] The Saudis claimed
that they enjoyed immunity
1504
01:12:54,872 --> 01:12:57,135
even if all our allegations
were true.
1505
01:12:57,235 --> 01:13:01,139
They hired lobbyists
in Washington,
1506
01:13:01,239 --> 01:13:05,584
and Saud al-Qahtani's name
appears on some of the forms.
1507
01:13:05,684 --> 01:13:07,706
His official title
had something to do
1508
01:13:07,806 --> 01:13:09,709
with media
and public relations,
1509
01:13:09,809 --> 01:13:11,030
but the easiest way
to describe him
1510
01:13:11,130 --> 01:13:13,132
is-is MBS's henchman.
1511
01:13:14,454 --> 01:13:16,436
Qahtani, on behalf
of the crown prince,
1512
01:13:16,536 --> 01:13:18,518
hired the lobbyists
1513
01:13:18,618 --> 01:13:21,141
specifically
to kill this lawsuit.
1514
01:13:23,664 --> 01:13:26,327
Jamal Khashoggi agreed
to a follow-up meeting.
1515
01:13:26,427 --> 01:13:29,430
He agreed to come to our
office here in New York.
1516
01:13:30,952 --> 01:13:34,616
What he would say and what he
would be willing to disclose,
1517
01:13:34,716 --> 01:13:37,059
we'll never know.
1518
01:13:37,159 --> 01:13:40,242
♪ tense music ♪
1519
01:13:45,048 --> 01:13:47,651
[brakes squealing]
1520
01:13:51,174 --> 01:13:54,298
[messages chirping]
1521
01:14:04,870 --> 01:14:08,734
[Salem] Saud al-Qahtani
unleashed hell on Jamal--
1522
01:14:08,834 --> 01:14:11,737
the trolls, the bots,
whatever they are,
1523
01:14:11,837 --> 01:14:16,342
the turning of friends
and former colleagues--
1524
01:14:16,442 --> 01:14:17,904
all of that.
1525
01:14:18,004 --> 01:14:19,987
He was threatened
and intimidated all the time.
1526
01:14:20,087 --> 01:14:22,309
Of course it was orchestrated.
1527
01:14:22,409 --> 01:14:24,531
And Jamal knew that.
1528
01:14:27,134 --> 01:14:30,518
[Soltan]
It was November of 2017.
1529
01:14:30,618 --> 01:14:32,320
We were on our way
to grab dinner,
1530
01:14:32,420 --> 01:14:35,564
and he says, "Guess what.
1531
01:14:35,664 --> 01:14:38,407
Saud al-Qahtani
sent me a DM on Twitter.
1532
01:14:38,507 --> 01:14:40,930
Yeah, he wants to talk."
1533
01:14:41,030 --> 01:14:44,814
And you can hear the fear
in his voice.
1534
01:14:44,914 --> 01:14:48,578
He answers the call,
puts it on speaker.
1535
01:14:48,678 --> 01:14:50,941
Saud al-Qahtani starts off,
1536
01:14:51,041 --> 01:14:55,146
says, "I am calling on behalf
of His Royal Highness
1537
01:14:55,246 --> 01:14:57,388
Mohammed bin Salman.
1538
01:14:57,488 --> 01:15:00,351
He's watching.
He follows your work."
1539
01:15:00,451 --> 01:15:02,714
So Jamal, he says,
1540
01:15:02,814 --> 01:15:05,357
"Please send
my warmest regards
1541
01:15:05,457 --> 01:15:07,159
to His Royal Highness
1542
01:15:07,259 --> 01:15:09,081
and convey to him
1543
01:15:09,181 --> 01:15:12,525
that when there are
positive reforms happening,
1544
01:15:12,625 --> 01:15:16,169
we will most definitely
welcome them.
1545
01:15:16,269 --> 01:15:20,474
When there are transgressions,
we will be critical."
1546
01:15:21,875 --> 01:15:24,018
This was a moment
that I realized
1547
01:15:24,118 --> 01:15:27,381
this is a noble man;
this is a courageous man.
1548
01:15:27,481 --> 01:15:29,704
This man was very serious
1549
01:15:29,804 --> 01:15:32,147
about the evolution
that he was making.
1550
01:15:32,247 --> 01:15:34,409
[birds chirping]
1551
01:15:38,814 --> 01:15:40,716
[El-Atr] If you hear
Jamal was faithful
1552
01:15:40,816 --> 01:15:43,599
to the Kingdom of Saudi,
this is the truth.
1553
01:15:43,699 --> 01:15:45,702
He used to defend them.
1554
01:15:47,624 --> 01:15:51,328
But he think his duty
is to advise,
1555
01:15:51,428 --> 01:15:52,729
to say his opinion
1556
01:15:52,829 --> 01:15:54,952
before things lead
to a bad stage.
1557
01:15:56,834 --> 01:15:59,497
[Soltan] Jamal had asked me
to be on the lookout,
1558
01:15:59,597 --> 01:16:02,420
kind of play matchmaker.
[chuckles]
1559
01:16:02,520 --> 01:16:04,342
And I tried; I tried
connecting him to someone.
1560
01:16:04,442 --> 01:16:09,028
♪♪♪♪♪
1561
01:16:09,128 --> 01:16:10,589
He was very, very lonely.
1562
01:16:10,689 --> 01:16:13,272
He had just
gotten a divorce.
1563
01:16:13,372 --> 01:16:16,596
I didn't know about Hanan.
1564
01:16:16,696 --> 01:16:17,917
[El-Atr]
After we got married,
1565
01:16:18,017 --> 01:16:21,722
Jamal want to spend
as much time together.
1566
01:16:21,822 --> 01:16:23,884
He doesn't want anyone
to take him away from me,
1567
01:16:23,984 --> 01:16:26,407
and that's why
we don't even like
1568
01:16:26,507 --> 01:16:28,009
to go and spend long time out.
1569
01:16:28,109 --> 01:16:31,092
We want to be just together
away from people.
1570
01:16:31,192 --> 01:16:33,735
♪♪♪♪♪
1571
01:16:33,835 --> 01:16:35,657
[Soltan] If you interview
anybody that tells you
1572
01:16:35,757 --> 01:16:38,100
that they know every aspect
of Jamal's life,
1573
01:16:38,200 --> 01:16:41,464
they are 100% lying to you.
1574
01:16:41,564 --> 01:16:44,587
Jamal chose what information
1575
01:16:44,687 --> 01:16:47,570
he shared with each person.
1576
01:16:50,293 --> 01:16:52,476
This will be broadcasted
in a few days,
1577
01:16:52,576 --> 01:16:54,758
not, uh, right away, right?
1578
01:16:54,858 --> 01:16:56,040
[woman] It'll be, um--
1579
01:16:56,140 --> 01:16:58,563
It'll go on air, uh,
Tuesday night, actually,
1580
01:16:58,663 --> 01:17:01,966
the night that, um,
MBS is in Washington.
1581
01:17:02,066 --> 01:17:03,728
- All right.
- It will be after...
1582
01:17:03,828 --> 01:17:07,132
after MBS has met, uh, Trump.
1583
01:17:07,232 --> 01:17:09,054
All right.
1584
01:17:09,154 --> 01:17:11,497
[Soltan] He knew
what the stakes were,
1585
01:17:11,597 --> 01:17:15,021
and knowing
all of those stakes
1586
01:17:15,121 --> 01:17:19,946
and then still deciding
to go ahead
1587
01:17:20,046 --> 01:17:22,309
and speak freely
1588
01:17:22,409 --> 01:17:23,951
was very courageous of him.
1589
01:17:24,051 --> 01:17:26,474
[woman] And why did you
self-exile?
1590
01:17:26,574 --> 01:17:29,997
I just felt, uh,
whatever narrow space I had
1591
01:17:30,097 --> 01:17:32,760
was getting narrower,
and I just thought
1592
01:17:32,860 --> 01:17:35,163
it was better for me to leave.
1593
01:17:35,263 --> 01:17:39,448
And, uh, actually,
right after I left, uh,
1594
01:17:39,548 --> 01:17:41,130
arrests began to happen.
1595
01:17:41,230 --> 01:17:45,134
Many of my acquaintances,
friends, colleagues
1596
01:17:45,234 --> 01:17:48,498
were rounded up, and, uh-uh,
1597
01:17:48,598 --> 01:17:50,861
I-I always regret
being away from home,
1598
01:17:50,961 --> 01:17:54,865
but when, uh-uh, I see
what happened to them,
1599
01:17:54,965 --> 01:17:58,789
I-I think I did
the right choice, uh,
1600
01:17:58,889 --> 01:18:03,034
even though it is very hurtful
to be away from home.
1601
01:18:03,134 --> 01:18:05,237
[Soltan] My way
of consoling him was,
1602
01:18:05,337 --> 01:18:06,518
"Don't worry.
1603
01:18:06,618 --> 01:18:08,000
There's a lot of people
like you.
1604
01:18:08,100 --> 01:18:12,885
There's an entire community
of folks in exile.
1605
01:18:12,985 --> 01:18:15,768
And so you'll find comfort
in that community."
1606
01:18:15,868 --> 01:18:18,051
♪ uneasy music ♪
1607
01:18:18,151 --> 01:18:20,213
But he didn't find
that community
1608
01:18:20,313 --> 01:18:22,536
out here in Washington.
1609
01:18:22,636 --> 01:18:27,681
♪♪♪♪♪
1610
01:18:38,213 --> 01:18:41,056
[Karman] speaking Arabic
1611
01:19:25,025 --> 01:19:28,849
[Faris as Khashoggi]
June 5, 2018,
1612
01:19:28,949 --> 01:19:31,492
in this age of error,
1613
01:19:31,592 --> 01:19:35,457
an Arab intellectual
rushes to praise the prisons,
1614
01:19:35,557 --> 01:19:39,701
to write against the Spring.
1615
01:19:39,801 --> 01:19:42,384
Another burns
the last of his history
1616
01:19:42,484 --> 01:19:44,627
and his forbidden books.
1617
01:19:44,727 --> 01:19:47,310
He says,
"We are not ready
1618
01:19:47,410 --> 01:19:49,412
for democracy and freedom."
1619
01:19:51,214 --> 01:19:55,439
It anguishes me to speak
with other Saudi friends
1620
01:19:55,539 --> 01:19:59,503
in Istanbul
who are also in self-exile.
1621
01:20:00,504 --> 01:20:04,088
I expect that I will
still wake up every morning
1622
01:20:04,188 --> 01:20:06,531
and ponder the choice
I have made
1623
01:20:06,631 --> 01:20:09,855
to speak my mind.
1624
01:20:09,955 --> 01:20:12,938
We are being asked
to abandon any hope
1625
01:20:13,038 --> 01:20:15,841
of political freedoms.
1626
01:20:17,403 --> 01:20:21,688
This is a Faustian bargain
that I will not make.
1627
01:20:23,370 --> 01:20:26,674
We are the kingdom of silence
no longer.
1628
01:20:26,774 --> 01:20:31,158
[somber music]
1629
01:20:31,258 --> 01:20:34,122
♪♪♪♪♪
1630
01:20:34,222 --> 01:20:37,085
[El-Atr] Jamal in this time,
he was in Istanbul.
1631
01:20:37,185 --> 01:20:40,209
Istanbul, it's very open city
1632
01:20:40,309 --> 01:20:42,771
for different
Arabic background,
1633
01:20:42,871 --> 01:20:44,814
and there is a lot
of activity there.
1634
01:20:44,914 --> 01:20:47,757
He always go,
and he have friends there.
1635
01:20:50,480 --> 01:20:53,984
[Soltan] I called him
when he was in Istanbul,
1636
01:20:54,084 --> 01:20:56,306
and he said, "By the way,
I might be doing
1637
01:20:56,406 --> 01:20:59,510
three weeks in Istanbul,
three weeks in D.C."
1638
01:20:59,610 --> 01:21:02,273
So then I was like, "Oh, it
looks like you found someone."
1639
01:21:02,373 --> 01:21:04,395
And then he was like,
"Yeah, I did.
1640
01:21:04,495 --> 01:21:05,837
I really like her.
1641
01:21:05,937 --> 01:21:07,439
We're gonna get married soon.
1642
01:21:07,539 --> 01:21:09,521
I'll tell you all about it
when I get back."
1643
01:21:09,621 --> 01:21:12,044
♪ somber music ♪
1644
01:21:12,144 --> 01:21:15,107
[Salem] I didn't know
about Hatice.
1645
01:21:17,390 --> 01:21:19,392
I knew about Hanan.
1646
01:21:20,273 --> 01:21:23,376
But I-I didn't know
they had gotten married.
1647
01:21:23,476 --> 01:21:25,419
So I'll say this.
1648
01:21:25,519 --> 01:21:29,463
I think if you understand
the loneliness of that man
1649
01:21:29,563 --> 01:21:32,346
in that last year...
1650
01:21:32,446 --> 01:21:37,532
♪♪♪♪♪
1651
01:21:38,173 --> 01:21:40,996
...I think things
that you can judge
1652
01:21:41,096 --> 01:21:44,099
so easily from outside...
1653
01:21:46,702 --> 01:21:49,165
...become a bit more nuanced.
1654
01:21:49,265 --> 01:21:54,150
♪♪♪♪♪
1655
01:21:57,674 --> 01:22:00,137
[El-Atr] Last call
between me and Jamal,
1656
01:22:00,237 --> 01:22:03,101
he called to wish me
happy birthday.
1657
01:22:03,201 --> 01:22:05,263
My birthday is 30 September,
1658
01:22:05,363 --> 01:22:07,726
which is two days
before he disappear.
1659
01:22:09,928 --> 01:22:12,791
[Salem] He messaged
from Istanbul.
1660
01:22:12,891 --> 01:22:17,396
He said to me, "What if I just
go away to a desert island
1661
01:22:17,496 --> 01:22:21,221
for a couple weeks,
couple years?"
1662
01:22:22,382 --> 01:22:25,045
You know, he would-he would
come to me and say things like
1663
01:22:25,145 --> 01:22:29,810
he was doubting his resolve,
and he knew how I would react.
1664
01:22:29,910 --> 01:22:33,254
You know, a slap to the head.
1665
01:22:33,354 --> 01:22:34,696
"Jamal."
1666
01:22:34,796 --> 01:22:36,538
I remember saying these words,
1667
01:22:36,638 --> 01:22:38,540
'cause they will
forever haunt me.
1668
01:22:38,640 --> 01:22:42,384
I said, "You are in a war,
1669
01:22:42,484 --> 01:22:44,987
and you can't give up.
1670
01:22:45,087 --> 01:22:47,510
You can't disappear."
1671
01:22:47,610 --> 01:22:50,433
Those are the last words
1672
01:22:50,533 --> 01:22:51,915
I said to him,
1673
01:22:52,015 --> 01:22:54,558
and I had no idea
1674
01:22:54,658 --> 01:22:56,960
what I was even talking about.
1675
01:22:57,060 --> 01:23:00,724
♪♪♪♪♪
1676
01:23:00,824 --> 01:23:04,208
So on the 28th of September,
1677
01:23:04,308 --> 01:23:08,133
uh, Jamal Khashoggi
and his fiancée, Hatice,
1678
01:23:08,233 --> 01:23:10,696
go to the consulate to get
1679
01:23:10,796 --> 01:23:15,060
an administrative piece
of paper for their marriage.
1680
01:23:15,160 --> 01:23:17,223
They tell him to come back
1681
01:23:17,323 --> 01:23:19,625
on the second of October
and that on that day,
1682
01:23:19,725 --> 01:23:21,708
they'll have the document
that he needs.
1683
01:23:21,808 --> 01:23:24,231
♪♪♪♪♪
1684
01:23:24,331 --> 01:23:28,075
So the Turkish authorities
had somehow bugged
1685
01:23:28,175 --> 01:23:30,277
the Saudi consulate,
1686
01:23:30,377 --> 01:23:34,242
and almost immediately,
there are phone calls
1687
01:23:34,342 --> 01:23:37,325
between the consulate
in Istanbul
1688
01:23:37,425 --> 01:23:39,528
and, uh, Riyadh.
1689
01:23:39,628 --> 01:23:42,411
And in the first call,
1690
01:23:42,511 --> 01:23:44,493
it's a security attaché
1691
01:23:44,593 --> 01:23:48,317
who speaks to an intelligence
officer, Mutreb.
1692
01:23:50,159 --> 01:23:53,343
Mutreb explained
that Mr. Jamal Khashoggi
1693
01:23:53,443 --> 01:23:56,787
is indeed someone
that is being "sought"
1694
01:23:56,887 --> 01:23:58,108
and that they should proceed
1695
01:23:58,208 --> 01:24:00,551
with some kind
of, uh-of mission.
1696
01:24:00,651 --> 01:24:03,474
♪ suspenseful music ♪
1697
01:24:03,574 --> 01:24:08,500
♪♪♪♪♪
1698
01:24:11,623 --> 01:24:13,565
This special operation
1699
01:24:13,665 --> 01:24:17,129
involved 15 people.
1700
01:24:17,229 --> 01:24:19,892
Saud al-Qahtani
met the team
1701
01:24:19,992 --> 01:24:23,296
before they left for Turkey
1702
01:24:23,396 --> 01:24:26,780
on the Saudi government's
private plane.
1703
01:24:26,880 --> 01:24:29,383
♪♪♪♪♪
1704
01:24:29,483 --> 01:24:34,148
And Mutreb
was leading the team,
1705
01:24:34,248 --> 01:24:37,552
and like every other member
of the kill team,
1706
01:24:37,652 --> 01:24:41,196
he's a member
of the Saudi intelligence.
1707
01:24:41,296 --> 01:24:43,038
Mutreb in particular
1708
01:24:43,138 --> 01:24:45,120
had accompanied
the crown price
1709
01:24:45,220 --> 01:24:48,004
on some of this missions,
1710
01:24:48,104 --> 01:24:50,967
and he was someone
who worked closely
1711
01:24:51,067 --> 01:24:53,410
with Saud al-Qahtani.
1712
01:24:53,510 --> 01:24:58,395
♪♪♪♪♪
1713
01:25:00,037 --> 01:25:02,460
[Obaid] Yes, it was Maher.
1714
01:25:02,560 --> 01:25:06,344
Maher was a, uh...
was an intelligence officer
1715
01:25:06,444 --> 01:25:07,826
that worked
at the Saudi embassy
1716
01:25:07,926 --> 01:25:09,347
in, uh, London at that time.
1717
01:25:09,447 --> 01:25:11,510
He was there
when we were there,
1718
01:25:11,610 --> 01:25:13,832
and, uh, I introduced them
at one of our
1719
01:25:13,932 --> 01:25:16,475
afternoon teas together.
1720
01:25:16,575 --> 01:25:18,557
We were colleagues
more than anything,
1721
01:25:18,657 --> 01:25:21,461
you know, and from time
to time, Maher would join us.
1722
01:25:22,982 --> 01:25:24,124
To be fair,
he was a nice guy.
1723
01:25:24,224 --> 01:25:29,309
♪♪♪♪♪
1724
01:25:42,124 --> 01:25:46,368
[Callamard] Jamal Khashoggi
enters the consulate at 1:14.
1725
01:25:47,249 --> 01:25:51,614
He is directed to the office
of the consul.
1726
01:25:52,535 --> 01:25:57,420
♪♪♪♪♪
1727
01:25:59,823 --> 01:26:04,448
He enters and finds
many people in that room,
1728
01:26:04,548 --> 01:26:07,211
and so you can hear surprise
1729
01:26:07,311 --> 01:26:09,494
because Mutreb
1730
01:26:09,594 --> 01:26:12,177
and Jamal Khashoggi
knew each other.
1731
01:26:12,277 --> 01:26:16,262
So when Jamal entered
the consul office
1732
01:26:16,362 --> 01:26:20,346
and saw Mutreb,
he did express some surprise,
1733
01:26:20,446 --> 01:26:25,312
but he welcomes Mutreb
in fairly warm terms.
1734
01:26:25,412 --> 01:26:28,435
The conversation
turns very quickly.
1735
01:26:28,535 --> 01:26:32,119
Mutreb is saying, "Don't
make it difficult for us."
1736
01:26:32,219 --> 01:26:35,082
And you can hear the fear
1737
01:26:35,182 --> 01:26:37,705
in the voice
of Jamal Khashoggi.
1738
01:26:39,868 --> 01:26:42,711
[Kandil] speaking Arabic
1739
01:27:00,851 --> 01:27:03,714
♪ tense music ♪
1740
01:27:03,814 --> 01:27:07,218
♪♪♪♪♪
1741
01:27:25,198 --> 01:27:30,244
♪♪♪♪♪
1742
01:27:37,612 --> 01:27:39,914
[Callamard] The doctor himself
explained to Mutreb
1743
01:27:40,014 --> 01:27:44,760
that it will be easy
to dismember the body.
1744
01:27:44,860 --> 01:27:48,204
Joints will be separated.
It should not be a problem.
1745
01:27:48,304 --> 01:27:51,107
[saw whirring,
plastic crinkling]
1746
01:27:54,831 --> 01:27:57,694
[whirring slows, stops]
1747
01:27:57,794 --> 01:27:59,176
At 3 p.m.,
1748
01:27:59,276 --> 01:28:01,338
CCTV captured people
1749
01:28:01,438 --> 01:28:03,701
leaving the consulate
with plastic bags
1750
01:28:03,801 --> 01:28:06,544
with the remain
of Mr. Khashoggi.
1751
01:28:06,644 --> 01:28:09,387
The body parts
were carried out
1752
01:28:09,487 --> 01:28:12,711
in several bags
and handed over
1753
01:28:12,811 --> 01:28:15,874
to other individuals
who carried them
1754
01:28:15,974 --> 01:28:17,196
into the car.
1755
01:28:17,296 --> 01:28:21,320
And at 3:50,
those same camera
1756
01:28:21,420 --> 01:28:23,563
record a member
of the kill team
1757
01:28:23,663 --> 01:28:26,927
leaving the consulate
accompanied by someone else.
1758
01:28:27,027 --> 01:28:30,811
This man puts on
Jamal Khashoggi's clothes,
1759
01:28:30,911 --> 01:28:32,172
puts a fake beard.
1760
01:28:32,272 --> 01:28:34,335
Could not put on the shoes.
1761
01:28:34,435 --> 01:28:36,417
They didn't fit.
1762
01:28:36,517 --> 01:28:40,622
And it was the shoes
that prompted
1763
01:28:40,722 --> 01:28:43,185
the intelligence, uh, services
1764
01:28:43,285 --> 01:28:45,107
when they reviewed
all the CCTV
1765
01:28:45,207 --> 01:28:47,209
to say that's not Jamal.
1766
01:28:50,292 --> 01:28:53,756
But this is meant to pretend
1767
01:28:53,856 --> 01:28:57,480
that Khashoggi
left the consulate,
1768
01:28:57,580 --> 01:28:59,282
and we do not know
1769
01:28:59,382 --> 01:29:03,227
where Jamal remains are.
1770
01:29:06,510 --> 01:29:10,194
speaking Arabic
1771
01:29:22,768 --> 01:29:25,832
♪ suspenseful music ♪
1772
01:29:25,932 --> 01:29:30,477
♪♪♪♪♪
1773
01:29:30,577 --> 01:29:34,121
[all] chanting in Arabic
1774
01:29:34,221 --> 01:29:37,305
♪♪♪♪♪
1775
01:29:43,632 --> 01:29:46,234
[all] chanting in Arabic
1776
01:30:02,933 --> 01:30:04,995
[Brennan] Knowing what I know
about Saudi Arabia,
1777
01:30:05,095 --> 01:30:07,638
there is no way
that that horrific act
1778
01:30:07,738 --> 01:30:10,882
was carried out
without the blessing
1779
01:30:10,982 --> 01:30:14,166
and direction from the very top
of the Saudi government.
1780
01:30:14,266 --> 01:30:15,687
There's just no way.
1781
01:30:15,787 --> 01:30:17,209
[man] Senators
from both sides of the aisle
1782
01:30:17,309 --> 01:30:20,092
are receiving the CIA briefing
they have been demanding.
1783
01:30:20,192 --> 01:30:23,376
There's not a smoking gun.
There's a smoking saw.
1784
01:30:23,476 --> 01:30:25,218
You have to be willfully blind
1785
01:30:25,318 --> 01:30:26,940
not to come
to the conclusion
1786
01:30:27,040 --> 01:30:29,543
that this was orchestrated
and organized
1787
01:30:29,643 --> 01:30:33,948
by people in-under
the command of MBS.
1788
01:30:34,048 --> 01:30:35,589
[woman] Mr. President,
why are you siding
1789
01:30:35,689 --> 01:30:38,192
with the Saudis over your own
intelligence community?
1790
01:30:38,292 --> 01:30:40,114
Because
it's America first to me.
1791
01:30:40,214 --> 01:30:41,876
It's all about America first.
1792
01:30:41,976 --> 01:30:44,559
We're not gonna give up
hundreds of billions of dollars
1793
01:30:44,659 --> 01:30:47,122
in orders
and let Russia, China,
1794
01:30:47,222 --> 01:30:48,564
and everybody else have them.
1795
01:30:48,664 --> 01:30:50,366
It's all about, for me,
very simple,
1796
01:30:50,466 --> 01:30:51,447
it's America first.
1797
01:30:51,547 --> 01:30:55,471
♪♪♪♪♪
1798
01:30:57,433 --> 01:30:59,376
[Rhodes]
Saudi Arabia can't exist
1799
01:30:59,476 --> 01:31:00,857
without the United States.
1800
01:31:00,957 --> 01:31:04,582
Their security guarantor
for decades
1801
01:31:04,682 --> 01:31:06,804
has been the United States.
1802
01:31:07,885 --> 01:31:10,028
The U.S. was in some way
responsible
1803
01:31:10,128 --> 01:31:11,549
for this man's death,
1804
01:31:11,649 --> 01:31:13,191
because the sense of impunity
1805
01:31:13,291 --> 01:31:15,073
we give Mohammed bin Salman
1806
01:31:15,173 --> 01:31:17,115
with this red carpet
treatment that he got
1807
01:31:17,215 --> 01:31:18,477
and the embrace from Trump
1808
01:31:18,577 --> 01:31:20,079
and nobody
really pushing back,
1809
01:31:20,179 --> 01:31:22,241
I think he thought he could
get away with anything,
1810
01:31:22,341 --> 01:31:23,923
and he was right.
1811
01:31:24,023 --> 01:31:26,286
And it's just
disgusting to see him
1812
01:31:26,386 --> 01:31:29,409
kind of grinning and
shaking hands with this guy
1813
01:31:29,509 --> 01:31:31,932
who just chopped up
another human being.
1814
01:31:32,032 --> 01:31:36,977
♪♪♪♪♪
1815
01:31:37,077 --> 01:31:40,001
[camera shutters clicking]
1816
01:31:53,936 --> 01:31:56,239
[Bass]
Good afternoon, everyone.
1817
01:31:56,339 --> 01:31:57,640
This hearing
for the Subcommittee
1818
01:31:57,740 --> 01:32:00,123
on Africa, Global Health,
Global Human Rights,
1819
01:32:00,223 --> 01:32:03,247
and International Organizations
will come to order.
1820
01:32:03,347 --> 01:32:04,488
I note that a quorum
is present.
1821
01:32:04,588 --> 01:32:06,090
[gavel bangs]
1822
01:32:06,190 --> 01:32:08,773
[Rundell] We have both
political and economic reasons
1823
01:32:08,873 --> 01:32:11,416
to maintain a relationship
with Saudi Arabia.
1824
01:32:11,516 --> 01:32:13,858
Saudi Arabia
is a strategic ally,
1825
01:32:13,958 --> 01:32:17,142
and I do think that outweighs
the death of one person.
1826
01:32:17,242 --> 01:32:18,824
Yes, it does.
1827
01:32:18,924 --> 01:32:20,906
So there's
a paid political commercial
1828
01:32:21,006 --> 01:32:23,829
for Mohammed bin Salman,
but, uh, you know,
1829
01:32:23,929 --> 01:32:26,272
I-I believe that,
so any event, there you go.
1830
01:32:26,372 --> 01:32:28,374
I thought that needed
to be said.
1831
01:32:28,975 --> 01:32:30,977
[Bass] Ms. Cengiz.
1832
01:32:33,700 --> 01:32:35,783
[Hatice sighs]
1833
01:32:36,423 --> 01:32:39,587
speaking Arabic
1834
01:33:05,816 --> 01:33:09,040
♪ somber music ♪
1835
01:33:09,140 --> 01:33:11,963
[sobbing]
1836
01:33:12,063 --> 01:33:14,786
Oh, Jamal.
1837
01:33:15,827 --> 01:33:18,911
[indistinct chatter]
1838
01:33:21,794 --> 01:33:24,477
[Kandil] speaking Arabic
1839
01:33:39,373 --> 01:33:43,358
♪♪♪♪♪
1840
01:33:43,458 --> 01:33:47,402
[Salem] The best justice
for him is a young person
1841
01:33:47,502 --> 01:33:49,324
reading his writing,
1842
01:33:49,424 --> 01:33:51,126
knowing about him...
1843
01:33:51,226 --> 01:33:54,050
♪♪♪♪♪
1844
01:33:54,150 --> 01:33:57,814
...being sure that those
that want him to be forgotten,
1845
01:33:57,914 --> 01:34:00,016
that they will not win.
1846
01:34:00,116 --> 01:34:05,002
♪♪♪♪♪
1847
01:34:07,484 --> 01:34:11,529
Well, you know,
Jamal was a friend and, uh...
1848
01:34:13,892 --> 01:34:15,954
...America and the kingdom
1849
01:34:16,054 --> 01:34:19,157
have a toxic relationship,
1850
01:34:19,257 --> 01:34:22,121
and it poisons not only
our own societies,
1851
01:34:22,221 --> 01:34:24,844
but it's spread
all over the world.
1852
01:34:24,944 --> 01:34:27,126
The chaos, the wars--
1853
01:34:27,226 --> 01:34:29,769
America's had
a big hand in that.
1854
01:34:29,869 --> 01:34:31,611
And Jamal's been
in the middle of that
1855
01:34:31,711 --> 01:34:33,854
from his earliest days.
1856
01:34:33,954 --> 01:34:37,678
He embodied, in some ways,
that relationship.
1857
01:34:38,559 --> 01:34:40,301
But this contradiction
1858
01:34:40,401 --> 01:34:44,826
became so nakedly obvious,
you had to choose.
1859
01:34:44,926 --> 01:34:47,829
Which side are you on?
1860
01:34:47,929 --> 01:34:51,193
♪ dramatic music ♪
1861
01:34:51,293 --> 01:34:53,155
♪♪♪♪♪
1862
01:34:53,255 --> 01:34:55,478
[Faris as Khashoggi]
The revolution is over.
1863
01:34:55,578 --> 01:34:58,041
Its most important values--
1864
01:34:58,141 --> 01:35:01,685
freedom, dignity,
and the right to life--
1865
01:35:01,785 --> 01:35:04,808
have fallen by the wayside.
1866
01:35:04,908 --> 01:35:07,852
The majority is unmoved
by the sight of the dead
1867
01:35:07,952 --> 01:35:10,194
when they belong
to the other side.
1868
01:35:12,757 --> 01:35:15,019
Divisions have even emerged
1869
01:35:15,119 --> 01:35:19,064
between the detained,
the refugee, the cynic,
1870
01:35:19,164 --> 01:35:22,688
and the dead that were never
celebrated as martyrs.
1871
01:35:24,410 --> 01:35:27,273
I can imagine a young man
returning home,
1872
01:35:27,373 --> 01:35:29,636
exhausted and bloodied.
1873
01:35:29,736 --> 01:35:32,739
He weeps
for his dead brethren.
1874
01:35:34,181 --> 01:35:37,765
Before going to bed
after Thursday's dawn prayers,
1875
01:35:37,865 --> 01:35:40,808
the young man
murmurs to himself,
1876
01:35:40,908 --> 01:35:44,052
"The revolution
is not over yet."
1877
01:35:44,152 --> 01:35:47,335
The will of the people
is still the law.
1878
01:35:47,435 --> 01:35:50,179
A new generation
must take the lead
1879
01:35:50,279 --> 01:35:53,202
and look to the future,
not the past.
1880
01:35:55,604 --> 01:35:58,868
One of the most beautiful
things I have ever heard
1881
01:35:58,968 --> 01:36:02,312
is the call of the Prophet.
1882
01:36:02,412 --> 01:36:07,037
In the beginning,
it is a call to freedom.
1883
01:36:07,137 --> 01:36:11,322
That dream of freedom
is alive in us,
1884
01:36:11,422 --> 01:36:13,324
ready to emerge again
1885
01:36:13,424 --> 01:36:16,408
with the first sounds
of emancipation.
1886
01:36:16,508 --> 01:36:19,571
[somber, stirring music]
1887
01:36:19,671 --> 01:36:24,717
♪♪♪♪♪
139244
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