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[ Military Music ]
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The symbols and the leaders change,
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but Germany's maniacal urge
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to impose its will on others continues
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from generation to generation.
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[ Military Music ]
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In the last seventy five years,
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this madness has cost the world more than twenty million killed,
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more than sixty million wounded,
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more than two hundred million made homeless.
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This does not include the untold millions that died of disease
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resulting from war.
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Or, the billions upon billions of dollars worth of property destroyed.
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Nor, does this include the grief, the anguish,
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the misery, the terror that the world has suffered,
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due to the German's insane passion to
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enforce their rule upon their neighbors.
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This passion for conquest reached its hysterical climax
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when Adolf Hitler enthroned himself as God, and the German Fuhrer.
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[ Music ]
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What fantastic dreams was this humorless man dreaming,
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as he stood at Nuremberg, and looked
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down at his fanatic followers?
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In the Middle Ages, a plague of slavery descended on the world.
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Out of the wild's of Mongolia, came a mighty army of fierce horseman,
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led by Genghis Kahn.
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Burning, looting, pillaging,
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the barbarian horde swept across Asia and Eastern Europe.
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Genghis Kahn conquered most of the world of the 13th century.
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Adolf Hitler was determined to outdo him,
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and conquer all of the world of the 20th.
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Set up at Munich, was an institute devoted
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to the little-known science of geopolitics,
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vaguely defined as the military control of space.
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Germany's leading geopolitician,
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a former general, Karl Haushofer, was head man.
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Here, was gathered together more information about your hometown
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than you yourself know.
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To the German geopolitician,
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the world is not made up of men, and women, and children
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who live, and love, and dream of better things.
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It is made up of only two elements: labor and raw materials.
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The geopoliticians' job
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was to transform Hitler's ambition to control these elements
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into cold hard reality.
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On their map, our planet is neatly divided into land and water.
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Water forms three quarters of the Earth's surface.
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Land, only one quarter.
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And in that one quarter of the Earth's surface,
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lies the world's wealth. All its natural resources.
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[ Thrilling Music ]
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And, the world's manpower.
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Control the land, and you control the world.
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That was Hitler's theory.
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This all important land, the geopoliticians
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now break up into two areas.
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One, the Western Hemisphere.
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Which, together with Australia,
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and all the islands of the world, including Japan,
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comprises one third of the land area.
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The other area, which consists of Europe, Asia and Africa,
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makes up the other two thirds.
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This super continent, which they call the "world island",
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is not only twice as large as the rest of the land area,
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but also includes seven eighths of the world's population.
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The heart of this world island comprises
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Eastern Europe and most of Asia.
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This, they call the heartland,
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which just about coincides with the old empire of Genghis Kahn.
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Hitler's step by step plan for world
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conquest, can be summarized this way.
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Conquer Eastern Europe, N and you dominate the heartland.
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Conquer the heartland, and you dominate the world island.
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Conquer the world island, and you dominate the world.
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That was the dream in Hitler's mind as he stood at Nuremberg.
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[ Speaking German ]
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With pig and pageantry, the district leaders from all over Germany
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swore personal allegiance to him.
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Hypnotized in the belief that they were members of a master race.
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This film will deal with act one of the Nazi bid for world power,
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the most fantastic play in all recorded history.
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Hitler had seen Hirohito grab off Manchuria
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and other territory from the Chinese.
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He had watched Mussolini get away with the rape of Ethiopia.
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He had seen the democratic world look the other way,
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while these illegal aggressions were going on.
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And he smiled,
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for collective action to enforce peace,
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It was time now, for the Nazis to start crossing borders.
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It was time for Hitler to put his plan into action.
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And what was he waiting for?
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He was waiting to soften up his victims,
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keep them from uniting.
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[ Menacing Music ]
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For the softening up process, he sent his agents
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all over the world disguised as tourists,
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students, and commercial travelers.
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Payoff men like Ribbentrop came too.
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To bribe, threaten, and form local fascist parties,
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such as Degrelle and his Rexist party in Belgium.
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Such as la Rocque and his Croix de Feu party in France.
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Henlein in Czechoslovakia.
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Seyss-lnquart and his National Socialists in Austria.
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In Britain, Sir Oswald Mosley offered
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himself to the people as a Hitler
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with an Oxford accent.
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"In other words, I'm told that Hitler is mad.
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Well, I've got another view myself."
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Until the day, when they would make easy Hitler's actual invasion.
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These subversive fascist organizations
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provoked riots and rebellions,
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creating scenes like these in France.
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Scenes like these in Belgium.
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And where do you think this is? Right in Madison Square Garden, USA.
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And this is Fritz Kuhn, leader of a German American Bund,
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hiding behind the American flag.
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But taking his orders from Berlin,
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and copying the methods of Berlin.
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That was the softening up process outside Germany.
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But, inside Germany it was a different story.
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Here, in utmost secrecy, the hardening up process.
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Bulding up Hitler's army, and his industry.
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"Tell the world we have no raw materials,
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and never let them see what goes on.
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Day after day, night after night, month after month, year after year.
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We must have the world's most powerful club.
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Forget hours. Forget working conditions. Forget how to think.
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Forge the club of blood and iron.
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Let the democracies talk about freedom.
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No freedom here, no labor unions, no overtime.
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The Fuhrer tells you where to work, when to work,
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how long to work, how much your work is worth.
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Forge the club of blood and iron. We have a sacred mission.
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Today we rule Germany, tomorrow the world."
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[ German crowd giving Nazi salute ]
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And for those who don't like it, you don't eat.
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Or, you disappear into a concentration camp.
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Or, you get this.
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[ Gunfire ]
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And this is the man who gives it to you.
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[ Gunfire ]
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And what of the army?
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Before Hitler came into power,
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the German army, by treaty,
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was limited to one hundred thousand men.
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But treaties, to the Germans, have always been something to ignore.
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These one hundred thousand men were, in reality,
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a hundred thousand highly trained officers.
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The men who lead the Nazi regiments today.
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But Hitler didn't merely ignore the treaty, he tore it up.
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And in 1935, ordered national conscription.
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Simultaneously, he ordered German youth to become air minded.
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Toy gliders filled the air.
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But as the boys grew bigger, so did the gliders.
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Soon, these same youths were trained pilots,
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flying the new planes the factories were producing.
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The Luftwaffe was being assembled.
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[ Thrilling Music ]
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The only thing old about this new army was the goose step,
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and even Hitler couldn't improve on that ancient German form of torture,
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designed to make man stop thinking,
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and blindly obey.
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Goose step them until they become as insensible as weapons.
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[ Military Music ]
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Everything else was new.
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Tanks, motorized equipment, and one of
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our own inventions: the dive bomber.
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[ Airplane Engine ]
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All this rearmament was strictly illegal,
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according to the Versailles Treaty.
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And the next illegal step Hitler took,
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was to march his troops into the Rhineland.
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A strip of land between Germany and France,
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demilitarized after the last war,
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as a precaution against future German aggression.
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But Hitler's plan of eastern conquest
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demanded a barrier against democratic action in the west.
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So Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland,
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and began building the formidable Siegfried Line...
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A chain of forts and defenses 450 miles long,
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and in some places, thirty miles wide.
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Germany had fought one, two-front war,
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and didn't want another.
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As many as half a million men worked as much as twenty hours a day,
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to build 22,000 fortified positions on land.
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Where, by treaty, no German soldier was supposed to set foot.
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Hitler had his Siegfried Line. He had his equipment.
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He had his army.
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Now, to unveil the German might and terrorize
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his intended victims into submission.
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General staffs all over the world,
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anxiously awaited the report of their military attaches.
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A would-be peaceful world,
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learned that a vast military power had materialized out of nowhere.
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A power controlled by one man who tore up treaties,
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as we tear up ticker tape.
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[ Menacing Music ]
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Satisfied they had created the right sense of fear in the world,
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the Nazi leaders were now ready to strike.
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The hour had come.
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It was time to start conquering Eastern Europe,
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according the the plan of Hitler's geopoliticians.
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It was time to win the domination of the heartland.
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Who would the first victim be?
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Naturally the softest: Austria.
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Bite off just enough, not to set the world against you.
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On March the 12th, 1938, without warning,
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the German armies marched over the Austrian border.
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It was really only a full scale invasion test,
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and Hitler rode in triumph, into Vienna.
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Even the very name of Austria disappeared from the map.
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Though Hitler had promised earlier to the world,
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"The assertion that it is the intention
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of the German Reich to coerce the Austrian state, is absurd."
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Why was Austria important to Hitler?
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It put him on the southern flank of Czechoslovakia.
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And Czechoslovakia was the key to the control of Eastern Europe.
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The German chancellor Bismarck
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explained that years ago when he said,
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he would conquer Europe,
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and must first told of bastions of Bohemia.
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And Bohemia was now part of Czechoslovakia.
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But, Czechoslovakia was tough.
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It had a good army. It had good equipment.
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It had one of the finest munition plants in the world.
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The Skoda Works,
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which Hitler wanted very badly.
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It had incorruptible President Benes,
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it had a military alliance with France,
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and France had a military alliance with Britain.
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Hitler had to move carefully.
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Find excuses to take Czechoslovakia, one piece at a time.
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He found his excuse in the Sudetenland.
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The portion of Czechoslovakia bordering Germany.
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Here lived some people of German origin,
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although they had never been a part of Germany itself.
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That was Hitler's cue. [ German ]
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Completely ignoring the fact that most people who left Germany,
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had done so to get away from things like Hitler,
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he sprang his pet theory.
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That every person of German blood,
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no matter where he lived, belonged to the Nazi Reich.
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Germans or descendants of Germans,
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often with no more than a drop of German blood in their veins,
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suddenly learned that they were God-like.
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Not subject to the laws of the land in which they live,
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and to which they owe their allegiance.
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Whether it be Czechoslovakia,
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Norway,
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Sweden,
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China,
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the United States or Timbuktoo.
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According to the Nazis,
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the German was a special creature who remained forever German,
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to the sixth and seventh generation,
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and must take his orders from Berlin.
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00:18:47,120 --> 00:18:49,410
Some people we know of German descent,
260
00:18:49,580 --> 00:18:51,250
think is a lot of hogwash.
261
00:18:52,950 --> 00:18:57,080
[ Evocative Music ]
262
00:19:07,250 --> 00:19:10,370
Including fifteen percent of any group like this.
263
00:19:19,040 --> 00:19:23,040
But in the Sudetenland, he found some stooges who fell for this bunk.
264
00:19:24,040 --> 00:19:26,750
Konrad Henlein was their bush league Fuhrer.
265
00:19:27,750 --> 00:19:31,000
The people of the Sudetenland were told they should be liberated.
266
00:19:31,750 --> 00:19:33,330
[ German ]
267
00:19:33,620 --> 00:19:35,750
They were told Hitler was their liberator.
268
00:19:36,370 --> 00:19:39,910
The Nazi's smuggled over their standard softening up equipment,
269
00:19:40,660 --> 00:19:42,000
blackjacks.
270
00:19:43,660 --> 00:19:45,370
And when the Czechs were beaten up
271
00:19:45,410 --> 00:19:47,330
trying to combat his fifth columnists,
272
00:19:47,950 --> 00:19:50,710
Hitler screamed the Germans were being persecuted,
273
00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:53,910
and threatened war unless he got the Sudetenland.
274
00:19:56,830 --> 00:20:00,200
"It is the last territorial claim I have to make in Europe.
275
00:20:00,950 --> 00:20:04,540
I have assured Mr. Chamberlain, and I repeat it here,
276
00:20:04,910 --> 00:20:06,540
that when this problem is solved,
277
00:20:06,790 --> 00:20:10,660
there is for Germany no further territorial problem in Europe.
278
00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:12,580
We want no Czechs."
279
00:20:13,120 --> 00:20:16,410
[ Applauses ]
280
00:20:16,750 --> 00:20:19,750
To the League of Nations, Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov,
281
00:20:20,200 --> 00:20:22,160
announced that Russia stood ready to back
282
00:20:22,370 --> 00:20:24,200
concerted action against Germany.
283
00:20:24,870 --> 00:20:28,370
But once again, there was to be no concerted action.
284
00:20:33,370 --> 00:20:36,080
The Czech's mobilized and closed their borders.
285
00:20:37,790 --> 00:20:39,150
The leaders of France and Britain,
286
00:20:39,410 --> 00:20:41,660
desperately striving to avoid war,
287
00:20:42,040 --> 00:20:44,700
flew to meet the jubilant Axis leaders at Munich.
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00:20:45,540 --> 00:20:47,160
On September 29th,
289
00:20:47,660 --> 00:20:50,250
in return for Hitler's guarantee of world peace,
290
00:20:50,950 --> 00:20:52,540
Chamberlain and Daladier
291
00:20:52,700 --> 00:20:54,620
prevailed upon Czechoslovakia
292
00:20:54,790 --> 00:20:56,870
to give up the Sudetenland without a fight.
293
00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:02,290
In Czechoslovakia, the Munich pact was greeted by riots of protest.
294
00:21:05,700 --> 00:21:09,210
But Daladier returned to France to be greeted by cheers,
295
00:21:09,410 --> 00:21:10,830
from a relieved French people.
296
00:21:11,790 --> 00:21:15,660
And in Britain, a happy Chamberlain came back declaring he had achieved
297
00:21:16,080 --> 00:21:17,080
peace,
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00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:18,540
"peace in our time."
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00:21:20,200 --> 00:21:23,290
One of the most tragic and ironic scenes in all history.
300
00:21:23,830 --> 00:21:27,410
"This morning, I had another talk with
301
00:21:27,450 --> 00:21:30,870
the German Chancellor, Herr Hitler.
302
00:21:32,500 --> 00:21:34,040
And here is the paper
303
00:21:35,120 --> 00:21:36,370
which bears
304
00:21:36,870 --> 00:21:39,250
his name upon it as well as mine.
305
00:21:39,910 --> 00:21:42,620
[ Cheering ]
306
00:21:43,290 --> 00:21:45,660
We regard the agreement signed last night,
307
00:21:46,330 --> 00:21:48,620
and the Anglo-German naval agreement,
308
00:21:48,950 --> 00:21:52,290
as symbolic as the desire of our two peoples
309
00:21:52,620 --> 00:21:55,000
never to go to war with one another again."
310
00:22:01,290 --> 00:22:03,700
Peace? It wasn't peace.
311
00:22:04,040 --> 00:22:06,870
The Nazis hadn't merely got three million more souls
312
00:22:07,040 --> 00:22:08,160
under the German flag.
313
00:22:08,700 --> 00:22:10,540
By taking the Sudetenland,
314
00:22:10,830 --> 00:22:13,290
they had made Czechoslovakia defenseless.
315
00:22:14,040 --> 00:22:17,040
For, in this territory, lay the natural defenses,
316
00:22:17,750 --> 00:22:18,870
the mountain ranges.
317
00:22:19,370 --> 00:22:21,000
And a defensive line of forts,
318
00:22:21,330 --> 00:22:23,750
considered even stronger than the Maginot Line.
319
00:22:24,330 --> 00:22:27,870
Without these fortifications, Czechoslovakia was disarmed.
320
00:22:28,700 --> 00:22:31,330
A ripe plum ready to fall into Hitler's lap.
321
00:22:34,500 --> 00:22:36,540
Within six months of declaring that
322
00:22:36,580 --> 00:22:38,700
he wanted no more territory anywhere,
323
00:22:39,250 --> 00:22:41,370
he'd violated the Munich agreement,
324
00:22:41,790 --> 00:22:43,080
marched in,
325
00:22:43,410 --> 00:22:45,700
and took the whole of the Czech state.
326
00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:48,200
Though he had specifically promised,
327
00:22:48,830 --> 00:22:52,870
"I have no further interest in the Czechoslovakian state,
328
00:22:53,370 --> 00:22:54,950
that is guaranteed.
329
00:22:55,500 --> 00:22:57,710
We want no Czechs."
330
00:22:59,370 --> 00:23:02,950
Austria and Czechoslovakia were gone without a fight,
331
00:23:03,580 --> 00:23:06,080
and Hitler was getting his control of Eastern Europe.
332
00:23:07,290 --> 00:23:08,660
Poland was next on the map.
333
00:23:08,950 --> 00:23:10,950
The tired old man of Munich now knew,
334
00:23:11,160 --> 00:23:14,160
there could be no peace in our time.
335
00:23:17,040 --> 00:23:19,830
"If an attempt were made
336
00:23:22,040 --> 00:23:24,450
to change the situation by force,
337
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:28,500
in such a way as to threaten Polish independence,
338
00:23:30,040 --> 00:23:34,120
why then, that would inevitably start a general conflagration,
339
00:23:35,330 --> 00:23:37,830
in which this country would be involved."
340
00:23:38,370 --> 00:23:40,580
But, after his success at Munich,
341
00:23:40,910 --> 00:23:43,870
Hitler was sure that France and Britain would not fight.
342
00:23:44,290 --> 00:23:46,410
Here's what one of his spokesman said:
343
00:23:47,500 --> 00:23:49,710
"Democracy has no convictions
344
00:23:49,950 --> 00:23:52,790
for which people would be willing to stake their lives."
345
00:23:55,040 --> 00:23:56,410
But what about the Russians?
346
00:23:56,870 --> 00:23:59,500
The lights began to burn all night in Moscow.
347
00:24:00,580 --> 00:24:02,700
British and french military missions arrived
348
00:24:02,750 --> 00:24:04,540
to confer with the Soviet government.
349
00:24:04,950 --> 00:24:06,620
So did German representatives.
350
00:24:07,580 --> 00:24:10,250
And on August 21st, 1939,
351
00:24:10,870 --> 00:24:13,830
the world was set on its heels by the announcement of a treaty
352
00:24:14,120 --> 00:24:16,160
between the Russians and the Germans,
353
00:24:16,660 --> 00:24:18,950
in which they agreed not to fight each other.
354
00:24:19,540 --> 00:24:23,040
Here were the admitted archenemies, in a state of apparent friendship.
355
00:24:23,950 --> 00:24:26,250
It was too fantastic to make any sense.
356
00:24:27,160 --> 00:24:28,330
It didn't.
357
00:24:28,950 --> 00:24:30,750
The Germans hoped they could lull
358
00:24:30,790 --> 00:24:32,830
Russia into a false sense of security,
359
00:24:33,540 --> 00:24:35,700
and the Russians needed time to prepare
360
00:24:35,750 --> 00:24:37,620
for the fight they new was coming.
361
00:24:38,120 --> 00:24:41,040
They'd read Hitler's book Mein Kampf too,
362
00:24:41,410 --> 00:24:44,290
and knew he had his eyes on the rich Russian land.
363
00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:49,250
[ Expecting Music ]
364
00:24:49,540 --> 00:24:52,040
Confident that Russia was safely pigeonholed,
365
00:24:52,410 --> 00:24:54,540
and that the democracies would not fight,
366
00:24:55,250 --> 00:24:58,160
the Nazis started singing their favorite theme song,
367
00:24:58,870 --> 00:25:01,710
that all people of German blood belong to them,
368
00:25:02,410 --> 00:25:06,160
and picked Danzig as their excuse for the gobbling up of Poland.
369
00:25:07,500 --> 00:25:09,370
Danzig, a free city.
370
00:25:09,660 --> 00:25:11,910
Self governing under the League of Nations,
371
00:25:12,450 --> 00:25:15,700
was an important seaport at the head of the Polish corridor.
372
00:25:15,950 --> 00:25:17,750
Poland's access to the sea.
373
00:25:18,790 --> 00:25:22,000
The same old softening up process had gone on here.
374
00:25:23,370 --> 00:25:27,910
Local stooges, armed by Germany, began to terrorize the city.
375
00:25:29,370 --> 00:25:34,330
Hitler demanded Danzig and the Polish corridor, or else.
376
00:25:34,750 --> 00:25:36,410
[ Expecting Music ]
377
00:25:36,660 --> 00:25:39,290
The people of Poland prepared for the inevitable.
378
00:25:40,160 --> 00:25:43,330
Although they knew Britain and France had guaranteed their borders,
379
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:46,950
they also knew those countries were a long way off.
380
00:25:48,290 --> 00:25:52,210
[ Expecting Music ]
381
00:25:52,950 --> 00:25:55,160
Germany's theft of Czechoslovakia
382
00:25:55,750 --> 00:25:58,580
had made Poland's strategic position even worse.
383
00:26:00,370 --> 00:26:02,040
Except for the Carpathian mountains,
384
00:26:02,250 --> 00:26:04,790
Poland is relatively flat and low lying.
385
00:26:05,450 --> 00:26:07,620
The Vistula is the Mississippi of Poland.
386
00:26:08,160 --> 00:26:11,700
It is broad, muddy, and unfordable for most of its length.
387
00:26:12,950 --> 00:26:16,200
Its tributaries are formidable streams during certain seasons.
388
00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:18,250
But there was a drought,
389
00:26:18,660 --> 00:26:20,910
and the streams were so low during the campaign,
390
00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:23,080
that they could be forded at almost any point
391
00:26:23,500 --> 00:26:25,370
by men, trucks, and tanks.
392
00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:30,160
Militarily, the Vistula offered the best line of defense.
393
00:26:31,120 --> 00:26:32,750
However, making a stand here,
394
00:26:32,870 --> 00:26:35,790
would've meant surrendering Warsaw and the richest part of the country.
395
00:26:36,620 --> 00:26:39,120
The alternative was to accept battle on the border.
396
00:26:39,830 --> 00:26:41,830
That was the Polish decision.
397
00:26:42,410 --> 00:26:45,160
The Nazi plan was an enormous pincer movement,
398
00:26:45,370 --> 00:26:48,040
almed at encircling the mass of the Polish armies.
399
00:26:48,830 --> 00:26:51,910
Secondary pincer movements were to encircle any Polish groups
400
00:26:52,160 --> 00:26:53,790
which escaped the main trap.
401
00:26:54,870 --> 00:26:56,580
During the last two weeks in august,
402
00:26:56,750 --> 00:26:58,870
the German armies moved toward the Polish border,
403
00:26:59,410 --> 00:27:01,080
where they assembled seventy divisions,
404
00:27:01,500 --> 00:27:02,870
many of them armored.
405
00:27:03,450 --> 00:27:06,790
From a military standpoint, the Poles were hopelessly outclassed
406
00:27:06,870 --> 00:27:08,290
by their predatory neighbor.
407
00:27:08,910 --> 00:27:11,540
They managed to mobilize barely thirty divisions,
408
00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:13,950
made up of infantry or horse cavalry.
409
00:27:15,660 --> 00:27:18,500
In two important respects the difference was staggering.
410
00:27:19,370 --> 00:27:21,790
The Nazi's: five thousand modern tanks.
411
00:27:22,410 --> 00:27:24,950
Poland: six hundred non-descript tanks.
412
00:27:25,700 --> 00:27:29,120
The German Luftwaffe: six thousand modern planes.
413
00:27:29,580 --> 00:27:33,330
The Polish air force: less than one thousand of inferior types.
414
00:27:34,580 --> 00:27:36,790
The German army secretly made ready.
415
00:27:37,450 --> 00:27:40,790
The way of living for the next thousand years was to be decided.
416
00:27:48,830 --> 00:27:51,040
The fire that had begun in Manchuria,
417
00:27:51,580 --> 00:27:55,830
and spread through China and Ethiopia, and Spain,
418
00:27:56,250 --> 00:27:58,370
would now blaze around the world.
419
00:28:00,450 --> 00:28:02,700
This man made that decision:
420
00:28:03,330 --> 00:28:06,540
[ Explosions ]
421
00:28:06,790 --> 00:28:07,790
war.
422
00:28:08,620 --> 00:28:10,960
Precisely at dawn on September 1st,
423
00:28:11,540 --> 00:28:13,829
without warning, the German Wehrmacht
424
00:28:13,830 --> 00:28:15,580
rode over the Polish border.
425
00:28:18,750 --> 00:28:21,120
Before the invasion was thirty minutes old,
426
00:28:21,450 --> 00:28:24,040
the planes of the Luftwaffe were over Poland.
427
00:28:24,290 --> 00:28:26,210
Wiping out the Polish air force,
428
00:28:26,410 --> 00:28:28,580
most of it caught flat-footed on the ground.
429
00:28:31,700 --> 00:28:39,120
[ Airplane Engines ]
430
00:28:50,620 --> 00:28:52,250
Those planes that did get off,
431
00:28:52,700 --> 00:28:55,540
faced overwhelming odds and were shot out of the sky.
432
00:29:01,910 --> 00:29:07,120
[ Thrilling Music ] [ Explosions ]
433
00:29:40,500 --> 00:29:43,870
Far flying Nazi squadrons ranged deep into Poland.
434
00:29:44,500 --> 00:29:46,210
Destroying communications,
435
00:29:46,620 --> 00:29:51,410
radio stations, power plants, highways. Bridges, rail roads.
436
00:29:54,790 --> 00:30:02,080
[ Explosions ]
437
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:43,160
[ Explosions ]
438
00:30:46,120 --> 00:30:49,410
The Polish army was disorganized by the loss of its air force,
439
00:30:49,830 --> 00:30:51,660
and the disruption of communications.
440
00:30:52,500 --> 00:30:56,210
The mass ground units of the Nazi army continued their advance.
441
00:30:56,950 --> 00:31:00,330
Occasionally, they unveiled a new technique or item of equipment.
442
00:31:01,580 --> 00:31:02,580
For example,
443
00:31:03,040 --> 00:31:06,080
advanced units of the German fourth army crossed the Vistula
444
00:31:06,580 --> 00:31:08,330
in a new type of storm boat.
445
00:31:11,950 --> 00:31:12,950
By September the 5th,
446
00:31:13,500 --> 00:31:16,080
the Polish retreat developed alarming tendencies.
447
00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:18,870
The powerful German Tenth Army,
448
00:31:19,290 --> 00:31:22,790
which was to form the southern claw of the great Nazi pincers,
449
00:31:23,120 --> 00:31:26,410
was advancing with its five armored divisions on either flank.
450
00:31:28,370 --> 00:31:30,450
On September 6th, the opposing poles
451
00:31:30,500 --> 00:31:32,370
began splitting into two groups,
452
00:31:33,080 --> 00:31:35,790
the southern one falling back towards the Vistula.
453
00:31:36,750 --> 00:31:38,910
The armored divisions on the German right,
454
00:31:39,040 --> 00:31:43,290
raced ahead circling Radom, and cutting off this group,
455
00:31:43,580 --> 00:31:44,870
which finally surrendered.
456
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:48,250
Meanwhile, further north, the main
457
00:31:48,290 --> 00:31:50,870
polish mass began drifting toward Lodz.
458
00:31:52,080 --> 00:31:55,790
The German command, perceiving that this opened the gate towards Warsaw,
459
00:31:56,160 --> 00:31:58,080
sent the northern Nazi armored units
460
00:31:58,160 --> 00:32:00,410
racing through the gap to the Polish capital.
461
00:32:04,250 --> 00:32:06,290
The infantry advanced in forced marches
462
00:32:06,450 --> 00:32:07,870
of thirty five miles a day,
463
00:32:08,290 --> 00:32:11,290
and two days later, relieved the Panzers above Warsaw.
464
00:32:12,250 --> 00:32:13,500
The city was now cut off.
465
00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:18,450
West of Warsaw, the main Polish armies were encircled.
466
00:32:19,830 --> 00:32:21,660
Under terrific pressure on the ground,
467
00:32:21,910 --> 00:32:23,910
and pounded ceaselessly from the air,
468
00:32:24,250 --> 00:32:25,750
they began to disintegrate.
469
00:32:26,410 --> 00:32:28,540
They fought on with high personal courage.
470
00:32:29,410 --> 00:32:32,040
But without airplanes, without communications,
471
00:32:32,410 --> 00:32:34,120
cut off from their general staff,
472
00:32:34,750 --> 00:32:37,290
the isolated Polish groups were forced to surrender,
473
00:32:37,750 --> 00:32:38,750
one by one.
474
00:32:41,500 --> 00:32:43,120
But Warsaw still resisted.
475
00:32:44,160 --> 00:32:47,330
[ Piano Music ]
476
00:32:47,450 --> 00:32:50,960
The heroic strains of the Polonaise told an incredulous world
477
00:32:51,080 --> 00:32:54,040
that the people of Warsaw, led by Mayor Starzynski,
478
00:32:54,660 --> 00:32:57,200
had erected a wall of courage around their city,
479
00:32:57,410 --> 00:32:59,410
defying Hitler to do his damndest.
480
00:33:00,040 --> 00:33:05,160
[ Explosions ]
481
00:33:11,370 --> 00:33:13,950
Stopped cold by the city's desperate resistance,
482
00:33:14,410 --> 00:33:17,160
the Nazi's were forced to send for heavier artillery.
483
00:33:18,410 --> 00:33:21,540
The only source of such artillery was Germany's western front.
484
00:33:22,160 --> 00:33:25,620
With great secrecy, the giant 240mm Howitzer's,
485
00:33:26,290 --> 00:33:28,790
were towed at high speed across the highways,
486
00:33:29,000 --> 00:33:31,450
which Hitler had built for just such purposes,
487
00:33:31,870 --> 00:33:33,830
and set in position around Warsaw.
488
00:33:35,870 --> 00:33:39,790
The huge gun subjected the city to a bombardment of incredible fury.
489
00:33:40,080 --> 00:33:44,330
Their fire concentrated on the densely populated residential areas.
490
00:33:45,160 --> 00:33:51,080
[ Explosions ]
491
00:33:56,700 --> 00:33:58,910
For twenty days of death and horror,
492
00:33:59,290 --> 00:34:02,660
every man, woman, and child fought to save his city.
493
00:34:08,370 --> 00:34:13,199
[ Explosions ]
494
00:34:24,500 --> 00:34:26,000
But without food or water,
495
00:34:26,540 --> 00:34:28,250
human endurance failed.
496
00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:30,790
On September the 27th,
497
00:34:31,199 --> 00:34:34,159
the strains of the Polonaise died on the Warsaw radio,
498
00:34:34,540 --> 00:34:36,949
and the Polish capital was forced to capitulate.
499
00:34:47,409 --> 00:34:50,750
Now all Polish resistance was at an end, except here,
500
00:34:51,159 --> 00:34:53,830
the Westerplatte of forts opposite Danzig.
501
00:34:54,500 --> 00:34:56,790
This small island of stubborn defiance
502
00:34:56,949 --> 00:35:00,290
had stood up under the fire of German warships from the first day.
503
00:35:01,250 --> 00:35:04,500
Its guns silenced, its forts shattered,
504
00:35:04,700 --> 00:35:06,660
it still refused to surrender.
505
00:35:07,040 --> 00:35:10,790
Even under point blank fire at eight hundred yards range.
506
00:35:11,500 --> 00:35:15,000
It was an exhibition of Polish valor that will go down in history.
507
00:35:15,750 --> 00:35:17,750
But militarily, it could not avail.
508
00:35:18,830 --> 00:35:22,330
On October the 1st, the garrison at last surrendered.
509
00:35:23,620 --> 00:35:26,120
Surrendered, to face the fate of these men.
510
00:35:26,910 --> 00:35:30,460
Polish prisoners being marched off to Nazi prison camps,
511
00:35:31,120 --> 00:35:32,830
and eventual extermination.
512
00:35:34,290 --> 00:35:36,790
For the Nazi master race theory calls
513
00:35:36,830 --> 00:35:40,410
for the complete wiping out of so called, inferior races.
514
00:35:43,200 --> 00:35:45,040
And in village after village,
515
00:35:45,540 --> 00:35:49,120
local Judases point out loyal Polish neighbors.
516
00:35:49,790 --> 00:35:56,950
[ Pitiful Music ]
517
00:35:57,410 --> 00:36:05,120
[ Gunfire ]
518
00:36:30,700 --> 00:36:33,080
These things, the Poles can never forget.
519
00:36:36,700 --> 00:36:39,210
Including another one of Hitler's famous promises.
520
00:36:40,580 --> 00:36:44,210
"Germany has concluded a non aggression pact with Poland.
521
00:36:44,250 --> 00:36:49,080
We shall adhere to it unconditionally."
522
00:36:49,160 --> 00:36:52,370
The world now knew, that a non-aggression pact with Hitler,
523
00:36:52,870 --> 00:36:54,080
was the kiss of death.
524
00:36:55,790 --> 00:37:01,160
[ Menacing Music ]
525
00:37:01,870 --> 00:37:04,040
Poland was completely destroyed.
526
00:37:04,660 --> 00:37:06,660
Completely? Not quite.
527
00:37:07,700 --> 00:37:09,790
During the last days of the campaign, the
528
00:37:09,830 --> 00:37:11,660
Russian army entered eastern Poland,
529
00:37:11,750 --> 00:37:13,790
and took up positions along the Bug River.
530
00:37:15,370 --> 00:37:18,200
The two strongest armies in Europe faced each other.
531
00:37:18,580 --> 00:37:19,950
Hitler could decide now,
532
00:37:20,080 --> 00:37:22,540
whether to keep on heading east, or call it quits.
533
00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:25,080
He called it quits.
534
00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:29,370
Why did Hitler quit here? He had to.
535
00:37:30,450 --> 00:37:32,160
To continue a drive to the east,
536
00:37:32,330 --> 00:37:36,250
would leave Germany facing the threat he had always sworn to avoid:
537
00:37:36,830 --> 00:37:38,200
a two front war.
538
00:37:39,290 --> 00:37:42,040
How he met that threat, you will see in the next film.
539
00:37:42,750 --> 00:37:45,080
What Hitler thought impossible was anything but.
540
00:37:46,620 --> 00:37:49,250
The day after Hitler crossed the Polish border,
541
00:37:49,660 --> 00:37:51,370
France called up her reserves.
542
00:37:52,500 --> 00:37:56,460
Within twenty-four hours, British planes had bombed German warships
543
00:37:56,660 --> 00:37:57,910
in the Kiel Canal.
544
00:38:06,910 --> 00:38:14,040
[ Explosions ]
545
00:38:19,450 --> 00:38:21,910
Britain, not merely the British government,
546
00:38:23,790 --> 00:38:26,040
but the British people had declared war.
547
00:38:26,500 --> 00:38:29,210
War on Hitler and everything he stood for.
548
00:38:29,950 --> 00:38:31,870
The democracies did have convictions
549
00:38:32,000 --> 00:38:35,450
for which people were willing to stake their lives.
550
00:38:35,790 --> 00:38:37,500
Unprepared, yes.
551
00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:39,330
But that didn't matter.
552
00:38:39,660 --> 00:38:42,200
For they finally realized, that what was being threatened
553
00:38:42,790 --> 00:38:44,710
wasn't just the integrity of Poland,
554
00:38:45,200 --> 00:38:48,410
but the integrity of free men everywhere in the world.
555
00:38:50,580 --> 00:38:54,120
"What tragedies. What horrors.
556
00:38:54,870 --> 00:38:57,750
What crimes has Hitler,
557
00:38:58,410 --> 00:39:01,080
and all that Hitler stands for,
558
00:39:01,950 --> 00:39:04,200
brought upon Europe and the world.
559
00:39:05,700 --> 00:39:08,540
It is upon this foundation,
560
00:39:09,500 --> 00:39:13,250
that Hitler pretends to build out of hatred,
561
00:39:13,790 --> 00:39:15,910
a new order for Europe.
562
00:39:17,120 --> 00:39:18,910
But nothing is more certain,
563
00:39:19,790 --> 00:39:22,950
than that every trace of Hitler's footstep,
564
00:39:23,540 --> 00:39:28,040
every stain purged and if need be blasted,
565
00:39:29,080 --> 00:39:30,660
from the surface of the earth.
566
00:39:32,500 --> 00:39:33,710
Lift up your hearts,
567
00:39:34,540 --> 00:39:35,750
all will come right.
568
00:39:36,290 --> 00:39:38,370
Out of the depths of sorrow
569
00:39:38,620 --> 00:39:44,040
and of sacrifice will be born again, the glory of mankind."
570
00:39:45,870 --> 00:39:53,040
[ Evocative Music ]
43409
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