All language subtitles for American.Werewolves.2022.1080p.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-CMRG

- Bringing you Center Four...

- The shadow that
you seen was bipedal,

and it almost looked like
a... like a giant canine.

It didn't have any... you
know, human features to it.

Seven, eight feet tall,
very broad-shouldered,

and it had this...

and it had this...

canine-looking head.

- I remember

it was a dog-like creature.

To this day, I can distinctly
remember hearing the footsteps.

Bipedal footsteps on the
gravel, and it was shuffling.

- This thing emerges
from the corn,

and it was about six feet tall,

it had the head of a dog,

high-pointed ears,

it's shoulders were... were
rolled, and it's arms were long,

and I remember it
just, turned its head

like this and looked at me.

- I've faced predators.

Most of your big game predators

that you have in the States.

These things don't
act like that.

You look in these things' eyes,

these things look like they're
trying to figure you out.

They look like they're
looking through you,

trying to figure out
what your next move is.

So they can get around it.

I've been around
predators my whole life,

and I've never seen anything
in my life like that.

So the history of werewolf

and Dogman sightings
is... is ancient.

We have to look at
the Greek myths first,

uh, to come up with
the word "lycanthropy".

- And from that time on,

we have now had part
of our vernacular

the word "lycanthrope".

And the Greeks were very aware

that werewolves existed.

So when we look at the
word "werewolf" as well,

or you know the word "were"

W-E-R, comes from
the Middle Ages.

And it simply means, "man".

So you have a man-wolf.

We see also, even in
the Viking culture,

you know, a few thousand
years later, 2000 years later,

whenever they would
dress in the furs

of particular animals of
which they wanted to emulate.

The name "Berserker" comes from
those that wore bear hides.

But also there were the Vikings
that wore the furs of a wolf,

and they were called
the "drinkers of blood".

Because they believed that
they were able to assume

that animal's form, that
animal's ferocity in battle.

Sightings historically,

I think are often amalgamated with
Bigfoot sightings, unfortunately.

Because, we didn't really have

the differential type of comparison
and contrast with the Dogman.

I think and just
up until recently,

people were seeing what they
call "Dogman", or, "werewolf."

More, because now we have
that as part of our language.

But I think a lot of times
when people were talking

about being confronted
by a Bigfoot,

or encountering a Bigfoot
that was acting aggressively.

A lot of those reports
that I'm looking at,

I am now thinking,
are more in the realm

of the Dogman, werewolf, sightings
than a typical Bigfoot sighting.

It's always seemed like Dogman
is a bit aggressive in nature,

because you hear so many
stories of people that see it,

and it chases them
out of an area,

or it bites them.

There are multiple sightings up
from here in the region where...

- people just see it
running across the trail

or it doesn't chase them, you...
you know, they'll just see it.

It's like every
encounter you hear

that they're described just
a little bit different.

People say it looked like the
werewolf from the movie Silver Bullet.

Or you'll hear somebody say,

"Well, uh, the legs and the arms

looked like a canine, but it...

stood up on two legs

it kind of had a coyote head,
but it was much larger."

So, it's a...

it's a little
strange in that way,

you hear a lot of
different types.

They all seem to differ,
in some little manner.

- So anywhere in the Midwest,

I mean, it just
makes perfect sense.

And there's... there's
a lot of cover.

I mean, there's still...

uh, in the Midwest
and Central America.

There's... North America,

- there's a lot of...

wide open spaces
and a lot of woods.

And a lot of places where a
single person jogging down a road,

looks like a tasty, tasty meal.

If that's...

If that's what their intent is,

or if their intent is...

"Just stay away from
where we're guarding.

We don't want you, you know,
we don't want you messing...

with what... what
we're protecting."

Bucyrus, as I understand,

was founded in 1821.

Uh, it was given the name "Bucyrus",
by Colonel James Kilbourne.

I don't know what his
interest was in Bucyrus,

but, we're forever cursed with a
name, that nobody could pronounce.

Yeah, it's been
around a long time.

Grew up here? Yep.

North of town, out
in the country.

It's a quiet... existence
growing up, because,

because, I mean,

Bucyrus is a small town.

But I grew up...

very rural... like nine
miles outside of town.

So, you know, we visited
our grandparents in town,

and it was a nice Middle
America small town.

Leave It To Beaver could
have been filmed...

you know, on one of the streets.

Uh...

Just a nice place to grow up.

- People, you know,
the... the people here,

are pretty...
down-to-earth people.

You know, we have, uh,

essentially a makeup of
people who was born here,

and a lot of people that
migrated from Kentucky.

As a kid,

you know, my grandparents
would tell us

stories about a creature that

that they refer to as the Bobo.

Bobo... The other thing
I can figure, Bobo

was some sort of...

some sort of, you know,
bipedal... you know, hominid.

And then they also told us
a story about a creature

by the name of Raw
Head and Bloody Bones.

Which, I had no
idea what that was,

but I presumed it was some
version of the Boogeyman.

And so years later, when
you have the Internet,

I've... I've actually
looked it up,

and, uh, my grandmother
on my mother's side

came from the Tennessee area.

Uh, in North Carolina,

in that mountainous area there.

And it turns out that
Raw Head and Bloody Bones

date all the way back
to 15th Century England.

And you know,

immigrants came over,
and the stories came over

and over the years, "Be
careful going to the woods.

"The Bobo'll getcha.

Raw Head and Bloody
Bones will get you."

You know, things like that.

My parents were no-nonsense.

Uh, my dad would have never...

even entertained
the idea of a ghost

or some sort of
monster running around.

- It was a different time

uh, growing up in the '70s.

Uh, people, especially
in rural America,

the... that was
nonsense to them.

So...

I mean, there's no
other way to put it.

And my... probably my dad's
solution would have been,

"Hey, if there's a dog, a Dogman or
Bigfoot out there, we'll just shoot it."

You know werewolves were...

Lon Chaney Jr. On TV8.

- And that's my
reference to werewolves.

Was, you know, the
werewolf, Lon Chaney Jr.

With the... torn plaid shirt,

and the flat face,

and running around, grabbing
women and running off with them.

My encounter happened
way back in 1972,

between Yellow
Springs and Clifton.

- It started out as a...
most likely a Friday night,

because I was allowed to
be out on Friday nights.

I was about 17 at the time.

Out with the boyfriend,

and another couple, we
had two different...

we had two cars, two sets of us,

and... well, you
know how kids are.

We were out going to "park".

- We, uh, go down the road,
and the bridge is totally out,

there's just the barricade.

So, we...

turn around and make sure that both
of the vehicles are facing out.

So if the cops come along,

you know, "We were
just leaving anyway.

- "No big deal."

Really, really dark.

It was probably...

it was cloudy, I don't know.

There were no
leaves on the trees.

But it wasn't real cold,

so it was a perfect night to
be standing out and laughing.

I was leaning on...

the car with my boyfriend.

Nice muscle car, back then.

So I'm leaning...

We're talking with
the other couple

who's leaning on...

their car, I don't know
how long we'd been there,

maybe 15-20 minutes?

There was gravel on
the berm of the road.

And now remember, this is...

just one way in and one way out,

because the bridge is out.

Well, there's
gravel on the berm.

There's a brush row
next to a creek,

and I see

eye shine, meaning an animal,

up in the trees,
or so I'd thought.

I mentioned out,

"I wonder if that's a possum, or
a raccoon, or what's up there?"

And then...

something walked out.

And it wasn't a possum,

it wasn't a
raccoon. It was a...

a creature.

I have no idea

at the time what it was,
nor did anyone else.

To this day, I can distinctly
remember hearing the...

rustling of the gravel
that's on the berm.

- And... there's
this dark creature.

It wasn't huge.

Maybe five foot, five
and a half foot...

six to eight feet away from me.

When it was in the, uh, weeds,

it had its mouth closed,

its eyes were amber,

almond, sort of almond-shape.

The ears were very,
very close to the head.

- Pointed straight up, but
they weren't real long ears,

but they were
pointed straight up.

- My belief... it
was August of 1985.

Um, at that time, there
was a friend of the family,

who, when I was a
high school athlete,

and he had asked
me if I'd wanted

to get into a fitness program,

a running program,
to be in shape.

I said, "Sure."

So the plan was that I was going
to go out and run five miles

in the evening.

I lived on State
Route 4, North 4381.

At that time, really the
only place for me to run

was this little side
road, just south

of my house called Temple Road.

If my memory serves
me correctly,

I was going to try to get
running at, like, eight o'clock.

And then I procrastinated, and
this happened and that happened.

And by the time I was
actually ready to go run,

it was dark.

You know, I was a country boy.

You know, I... I was
never afraid of the dark.

So going out and running
down a country road at night,

didn't bother me at all.

I left my house, it was
probably little after nine,

and it just... it
had just gotten dark.

But it was a very clear night.

I mean, it was really clear,

visibility was good.

I start down Temple Road,

and at that time, on
the right hand side,

which would be the
north side of the road,

there was corn,
on the left side,

which should be the south
side of Temple Road,

it was all beans.

And it stayed like that
all the way for one mile.

So...

I made it down the
State Route 19,

and I was on my way back,

and as I approached Flickinger
Road on the way back,

which meant that I
had one mile to go,

I got this weird feeling.

It's this kind of feeling that

you know, something's wrong,

and you know, there's...
something's watching you.

And...

I felt like it was coming from
those woods, so I stopped.

I don't know why I
stopped, but I stopped,

and I looked into the woods...

and I didn't see anything.

I... I didn't hear anything,
I didn't see anything.

As I was about to
start running again,

in the cornfield, I see
the corn start moving.

-Whatever it was...

it was really big because
a lot of corn was moving.

I mean, a lot of corn is moving,

and then all of a
sudden, it stopped.

And I thought, "Wow,
that's strange."

And so I said, "Well,
I'mma get out of here."

So I take off running,

and when I took off running

whatever was in the corn...

takes off running, too.

And that's what
startled me, really,

because that's not
how deer behave.

Deer gets, you know,

deer gets scared or
they get startled,

or they get surprised, and
they just take off running.

But this thing started
running with me.

And when I say it
started running with me,

it was pacing me.

- It... and it kind
of freaked me out,

so I stopped.

And when I stopped...

it stopped.

To this day, I think it
would've had to been, at least

three rows in.

And so I remember
stopping thinking,

'How does it know
that I stopped?'

So I stood there, and as I stood
there, staring at the corn,

I mean, not a
single stalk moved.

I mean, it was
perfectly, just still.

Like this thing that
was in the corn,

like it was just
perfectly still.

And I don't know how
long I stood there,

but it spooked me.

And... not knowing what it was,

I said, "That's it,
I'm taking off."

So...

and when I took off,

it takes off simultaneously.

And...

it's pacing me, and I
start running faster,

and it starts running faster.

I realize... this
thing's stalking me.

Whatever... whatever
is in the corn.

I realize when I get to Route 4,

I'm going to have to
turn left to go home.

And I'm just... assuming
this thing stays in the corn.

- Assuming it did.

When I get to Route 4 and
I turn left to go home,

I'm gonna run right into it,
I'm going to intersect with it.

And...

One of my best friends who lived
just down the road from me,

he was to the right.

So... my thought is "Okay."

"I'm not going to turn left and go
home, because I don't want this...

I don't want to intersect
with this thing,

so I am going to cut right."

So, I made up my mind.

I was just going to
stay on the road.

And when I get to Route
4, I'm going to cut right,

I'm gonna run to his house.

So I realized that as
I'm going to get there,

there... I'm gonna
run out of corn.

So whatever is in this corn

is going to come out before
I actually get to Route 4.

So, I told myself, "Don't look."

And the reason why
I said, in my mind,

"Don't look." Because...

I had no idea what it was.

And part of me thought,

"If I looked, I
might freeze up."

I'm coming to the
end of the corn,

and...

I looked, I couldn't
help myself.

I... I... I could
not help myself.

As I'm running, I kind of
turned my body like this,

to just kind of, like...

side shuffle,

and that's when I saw it.

This thing emerges
from the corn,

and it was about six feet tall,

because that's how
tall the corn was.

And, it...

had the head of a dog,

high pointed ears.

- And it's shoulders
were rolled like this,

like it had, like, terrible pos...
like a person with terrible posture.

It's shoulder rolled
and its arms were long,

and, I remember, it
just turned its head

like this and looked at me.

I saw its head, I saw the ears.

Could I tell you what
color its fur was? No.

It could have been real dark
gray, it could have been black.

It could have been dark brown.

I can't tell you what
color the fur was for sure.

The interesting thing
is, when I saw it,

I didn't immediately
think werewolf.

I just didn't, because...

as we talked about,
my frame of reference

for what a werewolf was, was
something I had seen on TV8.

It was a man with a flat face, and
it wore torn, tattered clothes.

It did not look like what I saw.

And the only frame of
reference that I had,

was it looked just like
the Egyptian God, Anubis.

That's the best way
I can describe it.

There was an almost
a crackling feeling.

The hair on the back
of my neck stood up.

Almost like a static,
static electricity, maybe.

- And, I suppose that's a sixth
sense, saying, "It's time to leave."

I don't know whose voice it
was, and I hear "Let's go, now."

I run around and the creature,

it didn't move like a human.

- Maybe, it moved like a dog
that's walking on its hind legs.

It almost moved kangaroo-like.

Like the legs were
bent the wrong way.

That's sort of freakier
than about anything,

is to see something that

your mind does
not want to grasp.

And it's on two legs.

- It kind of does a hop, skipping
motion, not very many feet.

It followed me, which was no
big deal and it was so close.

It did its hop skipping motion and
I could see it out of my periphery.

And it followed me
as I ran around.

I managed to get into
my, uh, passenger side.

And, as he pulls off, because
there was so much gravel,

the gravel was spinning some,

and it was running
alongside of the car,

looking at me, straight, you
know, straight in the eye.

It's really hard to explain
unless you've ever had

something that maybe
can't be explained.

You know, that's
happened to you.

I simply focused on the
eyes and its movement,

because its movement
was so unusual to me.

I really can't say how
many feet it followed,

hopping along, beside the car.

But, I sort of felt in danger.

I wasn't terrified because

nothing was going into my
head the way it should.

I guess it's what happens
when you encounter something

that you have no
parameters for what it is.

And when I saw it,
I did kind of pause.

I didn't freeze, but I did kind
of pause, and I looked at it.

- Like I said, there's
weeds, wildflowers

and other stuff that runs
right up to the corn.

So all I could see was
from, like, thigh down,

so I don't know what
his feet look like.

I don't know what its knees
look like or anything like that.

But, I saw its torso.

It... But, when it
turned and looked at me,

it just looked like it
had this massive chest.

So I take off across Route 4.

So, I'm, I'm gunning
it as fast as I can.

This thing has dropped to
all fours and is chasing me.

As I'm getting closer
to my buddy's house,

I knew that they had
an in-ground pool.

And they had a fence
around, a chain link fence.

But as I'm getting closer, I
look and I see the gates shut.

I was like, "Oh."

And I know if this
thing is following me,

my only options is, I'm just
going to have to jump the fence.

- So I jump and I throw my
feet up like in the air,

like the old Fosbury
flop high jump.

And I put my hand on the top of
the fence and it was scalloped.

I remember this.

It had those,
y'know, the scallops.

And I pushed it down and when I
did, and then it popped back up,

it just slashed me
right across my side.

I land in like a stumbling motion, and
I just dive headfirst into the pool.

- And I'm blowing out my
breath and I am going down

and I can feel it, I can still feel it,
sliding out the pool. It was ten feet deep.

I'm sliding down.

I blow all the air out
and I get to the bottom.

And I somehow pinch my nose and I look up
and I am fully expecting to see this thing,

with the rolled shoulders
and the dog head,

and the big chest sitting
on the side of the pool.

But it seemed like a long time, I was
on the bottom pool and I'm looking up,

and I'm looking up

and I don't see anything.

So I'm like, "Oh, my God."

I climb up out of
the pool and I run.

And I rip that door
open as hard as I can.

And my buddy was sitting
there, he screams and I scream.

And I slammed the door.

And I remember screaming,

"Turn the lights out,
turn the lights out."

And he has no idea
what's going on.

So we turn the lights out and
I'm just looking out the windows.

I'm looking out the windows,
thinking, "Is this thing out there?"

- The next night, I
played cards with guys

on the basketball team,

and I told them the story.

But I did not tell
them what I saw.

I vividly remember,
um, the next night.

We were at a friend's house.

So we're all in the garage,
outside, playing cards.

It was a... It was a bunch of us guys,
that went to high school together.

And he's telling the
story about outrunning,

and having something pacing
him in the cornfield.

We... We were all teammates, and what teammates
do is we give each other a bunch of crap.

He probably already got
enough crap from us as it was,

so he didn't want
to get any more.

And... And you don't want to be called
crazy, y'know, but he did tell us the story.

I remember the story
and he's asking, like,

"What do you guys
think this was?"

And, nobody had an answer.

- When I did the research, I
found out that on Flickinger Road

to just down on Flickinger Road,

is at least two
Indian burial grounds.

So, that made me start thinking
in a, in a totally different way

than what I always thought.

For years I had thought, this
is a flesh and blood creature.

That it's wolf-like or dog-like,

and no one seems to catch them
because they are really fast.

They're really smart,
they're really stealthy.

Now my mindset has switched to, um, "I
think these are supernatural creatures."

That's my opinion.

I revisited where this happened
about a year and a half ago.

I hadn't been...

I hadn't been back in
those many, many years.

- I found out there's
Indian mounds there.

Adena Indians, which are very, were
very common in this part of Ohio.

I've read, where your
Dogman, for some reason,

are found or seen frequently

where there's Indian mounds,

so I don't know.

Y'know, I just, I don't
know what to say to that.

- If you believe the aspect
of a Dogman, werewolf creature

being more supernatural
than natural,

you can't hardly go any, anywhere here
and not have a Native American settlement.

It just lends itself to that
angle of these creatures

being y'know, the guardians of
the Native American burial mounds,

or grounds.

My name is Adam
Davis, and I've...

After personal experiences,
initially with Dogman,

I've been a researcher since about,
officially since, about 2005.

The... My initial, actual sighting
was in 2005, back in October 19th.

After we had initially
started hearing about

different howling reports
of everything out around

uh, the Germantown and
Liberty, Ohio area.

My girlfriend and I decided to
go out to Anthony Road and...

And to see if we
could find any tracks.

And as we crossed the bridge,

I was doing my usual thing,

looking down at the sandbars.

Y'know, to see if there
was anything there.

I didn't see any tracks.

Because sometimes we would
see tracks in the sand bars.

And we got across the bridge and
it kind of takes a little turn.

And down, down a
little downhill.

And, I tell her to stop
because I see something black,

over on the right
hand side of the road.

I was... You know...

I was on the passenger
side, so it was on my side.

And, I was... Because I
was looking in the mud

and silt and everything, to
see if there was any tracks.

I get out and I go over
to it and I look at it.

And I realize it's an
article of clothing.

It was a pair of pants, of women's
brand of pants, in a petite size.

And I pick them up and
I'm looking at them.

And there's silt on the back of the
pants from where they had lain...

lain against the dampness of the ground,
and they were slightly damp from the rain.

And then I took them and turned them
around, and I realized that it was...

I realized

that the front of the pants...

were just like,
totally shredded.

And matted with blood.

And it was not dried
blood or anything.

It was just congealing.

I look across the road,

and I see red fabric.

So, I mean, at this point
in time, it was kind of...

And I really was starting to
put together what I'm seeing.

And, y'know, as I'm looking
at it, I walk across the road

and I find a sweater
and a... and a T shirt

that are still partially
inside of each other.

I looked... and I looked at it and
there was blood there on the sweater.

But the T-shirt was worse.

It was shredded and
matted with blood,

and I called the police.

I got ahold of dispatch and
told them what we found.

And, this is what
really kills me.

They laughed it off.

They said, "Oh, it's probably just someone's
trash that, that they left out there."

It's nothing. Don't
worry about it.

So, I told my girlfriend, "We're
going to go to the house."

"We're going to get a bag
and come back for this."

Because we didn't have
anything to put it in.

It was maybe ten minutes from
there to the house and back.

We got back, those
clothes were gone.

They had taken a vehicle
and driven over the places

where those clothes were laying,
where there was an imprint in the mud,

or any trace of blood
because they were, the...

the sweater and the
T-shirt were laying in...

on the edge of the road
in the, in the tall grass.

In 2015, I wind up meeting up
with this guy from Hamilton.

He was telling us how he had been, y'
know, looking at anomalous, reports,

and everything, where he was getting
descriptions of oversize, heeded prints.

He said he was basically
going from house to house,

through the Germantown dam area,
y'know, where there were...

Where there's houses along
the edge of the park.

And, he came to this one family

that said that in
2000... April 2006,

their daughter went out one
morning, to go out jogging

like she usually would do,
and she never came back.

She went out jogging along Anthony Road,
and up around the backside of the dam.

I just dropped to my
knees when I heard this.

I mean, it was confirmation, but it was
like the worst kind of confirmation.

There was no question in my mind
that if it was something that he...

It was a Dogman that did that.

Because, first of all,
what would have happened?

What would have happened
to the body otherwise?

The body was gone. The
clothes were shredded.

There's no bear out there.
There's no cougars out there.

There's no natural predators
that would do that.

And there is, from what
I've heard of other reports,

there are the reports of
the where they will, y'know,

essentially shred off the clothes
off of a human in an attack.

The LBLO case is one of them.

If... from the Land Between
the Lakes back in '82.

That... They said that the
victims were pretty much disrobed

of their clothes, they
were just shredded off.

And I've heard of other reports.

Where there were attacks or
at least alleged attacks.

- Ah, there is a
great deal of fear

inherent within these
particular encounters.

It is as if a very
intelligent animal

is evaluating you.

I've heard reports of
people seeing them,

just watching them from the trees
and making no other kind of movement.

Um, I also have taken reports from people
that have claimed that they've heard them

coming up onto the porch
and trying the doorknob.

Or, y'know, even more uncanny,
trying to call them outside.

These are the things that
that raise the hackles

on the neck and goose
bumps and everything else.

But, we are definitely dealing
with not just an animal,

we're dealing with
something here

that has a particular
intelligence to it.

- Ah, but from all the encounters
that I've... that I've taken notes on

and the eyewitnesses I have
investigated, and spoken with,

um, it's never a
pleasant encounter.

You don't come out of this
feeling enlivened in any way.

Encounters with dogmen,

encounters with these
werewolf type beings,

is something that, um, is
the stuff of nightmares.

Again, people have asked me,

"What happens whenever you
encounter these things?"

Well, we really
don't know, do we?

I mean, a lot of people go missing
and are never heard from again.

So, it might have been an encounter
with one of these creatures.

Land Between the Lakes

is the largest inland
peninsula in America.

And it wasn't always like that.

It used to be a much smaller trickle of
water coming through a couple of rivers.

It used to be called,
Between the Rivers.

And for whatever reason,
they flooded the areas

and made Lake Barkley
and Lake Kentucky.

And that caused the creation
of Land Between the Lakes.

You got that large inland
peninsula, in America.

There are over 200 cemeteries in
Land Between the Lakes, y'know.

It's got, really a dark history because
you know a lot of people's homes,

when they were getting the area ready,
they ran them out of their homes.

The government threatened
them in one way or another.

There is a lot of dark history
with this land, and I believe

there's even a lot of cemeteries
that are under water now.

You can still go across the land
and find people's old homesteads,

where you can see the
evidence where they...

they took over the area by
I reckon, eminent domain.

Since the 1700s, before
they flooded everything,

French explorers were
coming through the regions,

and they would report that there
were Rougarous in the region.

Basically a French werewolf.

Y'know, they were very superstitious
about that kind of thing back then.

So, they probably thought there
are werewolves in this area.

Of all the Native
American history here,

I don't know of all the
tribes that were here.

But there is a legend
of the Shawnee tribes,

that there was a Shawnee
medicine man, in the region,

who was a skin walker and they blamed
him for some of the werewolf incidents.

- Some, something
of that nature.

What is so interesting
about this particular area,

is, this was the area of
for the Woodland Indians.

There was a wolf cult part of that culture
at one time, maybe as early as 1300.

There's instances of
mounds being uncovered,

where the entombed person
was made to appear as if

it were an amalgamation
of man and wolf.

One particular tomb had
the body wrapped in furs

and the jaw was actually dislocated
and some of the teeth were removed,

in order to place a
wolf snout over it.

What was going on in this area
is really kind of strange,

whenever you talk about this,

this assuming of man and
wolf at the same time.

- Because these mounds in which
this culture was a part of,

is very near to Defiance, Ohio,

very near to Elkhorn, Wisconsin,

and also very close to the area
of Land Between the Lakes as well.

- It's always seemed like

Dogman is a bit
aggressive in nature,

because you hear so many stories of people
that see it and it chases them out of an area.

Uh, but, there are multiple sightings,
up from here in the region where people

just see it run across the trail or it doesn't
chase them, y'know, they'll just see it.

It seems to be there's

a physical creature of
some kind, uh, y'know.

We find footprints
in the region.

A gentleman's seen a mother Dogman
and pups run across the roads.

So, there seems to be some kind of
biological animal, in the region.

- Everything that
we can find, y'know.

You have families that
are physically attacked.

And, people that come up missing,
people supposedly eating upon.

It's alive, it's
aggressive. It needs to eat.

We had just moved. I
was married at the time.

And my now ex-wife,

we had moved into this little
trailer, out in the country.

We were freshly married,

engaged, getting ready to
get married at the time.

We got married,
right as we moved in.

And so it was our first.

Our first place together.

Moved in, it was
peaceful and affordable

and we were young and poor and
didn't have a lot of money then.

So it, it was in our budget.

And we had never...

never had any inkling
going in there?

There was none of that feeling
when we were looking at the place.

So I mean there, there was a lot
of history through that area,

but there was, no, there was... There was
slavery there, there was Union occupation.

Ah, you know, there was, there was
deaths in the area, and it was very old.

And it, it was Native American
land at one point in time, too.

And we were, we were
settled in and...

I'm guessing within, like a month,
things started to get different.

You had... During the day, it
was very peaceful and serene,

very rural, country setting.

At night, from the time the sun went
down, from dusk until about 4 a.m.,

there was just this
different vibe.

And we would, ah...

feel this different.

You would just walk outside
and it would just initiate

this extreme, instant
fight or flight response.

Ah... mostly flight.
There was no fight

and you just didn't
want to be out there.

Then, we would go into this... start hearing
noises and scratches outside the house.

You would see from the
old cemetery in homestead,

which was next to
where we lived.

Ah, we started seeing red glowing eyes, and
they would be seven to eight feet in the air.

And... the shadow that
you've seen was bipedal,

and it almost looked like
a... like a giant canine.

It didn't have any, you
know, human features to it.

And seven to eight feet
tall, very broad shouldered.

And it had this, had this...
canine-looking head to it.

It didn't... you know, it just
did look like a giant dog.

And... the very first time that I...
that I heard, heard anything, um...

We had gone, gone grocery
shopping on Friday night,

gone out to eat, come home, put
everything away, went to bed.

And when we were lying
in bed, and this,

this raking of claws was
going on, right outside

outside of the house
in the bedroom.

I just, I refused to go out. We
just rode it out, let it go, and...

We went out the next morning, and the...
from the area, you could hear the noise

from what's probably, you know, seven
to eight feet up off the ground.

And, and there were no
claw marks or anything,

but we heard definitely raking
of claws, the whole night long.

And then shortly after that, ah,
we were, we were in the kitchen

and, and noticed the
glowing eyes in the woods.

And then we stepped out on
the front to look and...

And you could just see it sitting
there watching and just observing us.

And it would just do that
every once in a while.

The, the most...

The most common thing that
it did all the time was this.

This energy that it put off, it just inundated
your senses with instant fight or flight.

And, and you could tell, the
sun went down to about 4 a.m.

You just dealt with that. And
if you went outside the house,

it, it just overwhelmed you.

It was very, it was the most intense
thing I've ever experienced in my life.

It would be, it didn't do this every
night. It would be gone for a few days,

and then it would come back.

And I don't know if we were
just on part of its route,

and that whole area
was its territory.

Ah, but every time... we saw the eyes,
it was always in the old homestead

at the old family cemetery.
It is where it always was.

My now ex-wife, then she would see things.
And I traveled for work, which I mostly do.

And she had things happen while
I was at... I was at work.

And it was to the point where
she was like, "We have to move.

I can't do this anymore."

So that's when we decided to go.

It was extremely peaceful.

Other than that, we
didn't have anything.

And that was the only issues we
had the whole time we were there.

But I mean, we lived there six
months and it made us leave.

It was very odd.

It was almost like it had this
ability to where it was...

kind of real and then
kind of spiritual.

Like it, it had some, some
physical attributes to it.

But, the rest of it seemed very, very
supernatural and, and paranormal.

I was 18 when I had
my first encounter.

I was in the Bell City swamp.

I couldn't... I
used to hunt a lot.

Every given night available,
I was out in the woods.

And I had heard about
something in the woods.

Eighteen. Stupid. I
wasn't scared much.

Took my dogs out.

We're having a good night. We killed
five coons I think that night.

We trailed a bobcat.
Just got off it.

We went deeper, about
one in the morning.

I should have known.
We didn't hear deer.

We didn't see deer, we
didn't hear crickets.

That's all signs of big predators
in the area. I should have known.

I had two dogs come
back out of three.

And when I say two come back, they
howled past me and didn't slow down.

And these are trained coon
dogs, trained to stop.

I was worried because the one that
was missing was worth about $1500,

and she was my prize dog.

So I went in looking.

A smell hit me.

I've been around dead animals. I've been
around carcasses. I know what they smell like.

It smelled like rotting
meat and a wet dog.

The growl that coming
out of this animal...

hit me in my bones.

Just you won't forget it
if you could trust me.

I had light touched my hat.

When I flung it around, I
hit something in the eyes

that was standing seven and a half
feet off the ground at the eyes.

Black fur... Head like a wolf.

Plenty of hairs on top.

I didn't know what
I was looking at.

Here I am on the
double-barrel 20 gauge.

I'm outgunned, I know it.

I eased away...

backwards, trying to
get away from it...

and... it stepped off.

Like it didn't want
to be in the light.

I tried to keep my eye on it.

And it was gone.

I've never seen anything move that
quick. I mean, it was there. It's gone.

I took off for the truck.

And when I got back, the
truck was facing the woods.

My dogs went back.

They beat me to the truck.

When I turned the headlights on to turn the
truck around, it was standing in the edge.

Like it had followed
me up until I left.

I've been around enough animals
to know if it's got claws

and it's got teeth shaped like
that. It, it don't eat plants.

It's got big canine teeth,
and it's got big, sharp claws.

It did not go around
munching on blackberries.

My blue tip coon hound
found a bloody car.

And it was cut in three places,
and it was a solid leather strap.

Two years ago...

the last encounter I had,

and the one that literally made me
sell my dogs and quit coon hunting.

Dad called me.

Wants me to train a couple pups.

The problem, I've
done it all my life.

Okay. Run them over.

You run it out.
Run them tonight.

We started out.

I had old black and tan
and an old red bone.

And Dad had his two little pups.

Dad didn't wanna go that night.

That's fine. I'll take him.

It started out great,
I mean Bella hit.

My black and tan, she
had a trail on me.

We're off, we're both
trying to look for the ball.

That little bit of red bone that
he had on a section of horse jaw,

I'm guessing around 6-8 inches.

Had teeth in it.

I felt that was kind
of funny. No feelings.

I thought it was... so I
followed him. I come look...

on...

I think it was a whole skeleton.

The bones were some
chewed up and mutilated.

I could make out a skull, the
pelvis, some ribs, and the fingers.

And the skull was in
about 33, 34 pieces.

That put me on alert.

But, predators tear up bones.

No big deal. Coyote's chew them,
squirrels chew them, calcium.

Pups wouldn't listen.
I wanted to go back.

I was not tired for the night,
anyways. They didn't quit.

My big dog was still on a trail.

She wouldn't cut off, so
I had to go in at him.

Even farther and farther I
went, the more bones I found.

And, I come upon the pups and they
were just laying on the ground.

Flat. Just...

Wouldn't move... The dog was between
me and something in front of me.

Growling. Bristled up.

Snarling, acting like
I've never seen her act.

The growl that I
heard that night...

It was like you could feel it.

It was, it came from its gut.

I was 15 yards from it.

It was massive.

I was close enough
when he could,

when he'd sniff, you could
see his nose wrinkle up.

That's way too close.

Way too close.

I've always been told, like
most kids in Southern areas,

"Be careful, there's
Panthers in the woods and..."

I mean, this is Western
Kentucky. We don't have bear,

but every now and then, because they
wander up out of Tennessee, but...

I've faced predators,

most of your big game predators
that you have in the States.

These things don't act like that.
You look in these thing's eyes.

These things look like they're
trying to figure you out.

They look like they're looking through you,
trying to figure out what your next move is

so they can get around it.

I've been around
predators my whole life,

and I've never seen anything
in my life like that.

I've never seen anything look
like it had enough consciousness

to know what you might do.

I think that scares me
as much as seeing them.

This one wasn't scared.

This one wasn't curious.

This one did not want me there.

You would come up closer.

When I cooned, I carried a double-barrel
410 and a double-barrel 20 gauge.

Double-barreled 410.
Double-hammered old gun.

And a .357 pistol.

The fact that my
coon dog never moved

didn't even faze this animal.

She might as well been to
a piss and come along now.

It walked...

In a semi-circle around me
like a predatory move would.

At this point, I
pretty much know.

It came over, done.

He got three quarter
of the way around me...

in the loudest, deepest howl I've ever
heard that come from deeper in the swamp.

His ears perked up.

And it was like I wasn't
even there at that point.

He held back.

He acknowledged me by roaring at
me so loud, I ain't even gonna lie.

I pissed my pants that
night. It scared me so bad.

So I just threw the shotgun up.

Well, at least I
might get blood.

When I threw the barrels up, he cleared
the bushes behind him that were probably

six, seven foot... and was gone.

Foot towards the hell.

I come home that night. I
sold 17 dogs the next morning.

I sold all my gear except
my coon hunting light.

And the only time I go out now
in the dark, if I'm hunting

is if I'm around ponds
and hunting frogs.

I do not go near
that swamp at night.

I'll go during the day.

I will not go at night.

The reason I wanted to stay anonymous
is I've had people tell me I'm crazy.

I've had people tell me...

I'm drinking too
much, doing drugs.

Lyin'.

No.

They're real.

Science might not have
found them. But...

don't mean nothing.

They stay hidden for a reason.

My name is Martin Groves.

I had an incident in the
1990s spring turkey season,

that kind of connected
me to the area.

I'm a retired police
officer of 32 years.

I've been with a local,
rural sheriff's department

of which I have
now since retired.

Uh, but I was with the
department for many years,

and a uniformed patrol officer. Coming
from a... a... a police background,

ah, it's going to ruffle a
lot of... a lot of feathers.

The only reason why I've even come forward
at this point is one, I have retired,

and I don't really care what people
think of me or what will be said.

I feel like there is
something within that park...

animal or beast,

that is a danger to the public.

I was told that this would be
very detrimental to any tourism

and to anything that any
public reports coming out

that there was any kind
of animals eating people.

Or attacking people
within the park.

And there has been a long time,

standing, unwritten rule

that they control the reports that
come outside the parks because of this.

In the '70s, there
was a group of kids

that disappeared up there,
then Land Between the Lakes.

They heard a bunch
of screaming and...

when the other group
came up to them,

they disappeared,
never to be seen again.

1979. That was over around
Willow Bay, the members bay area.

There was a gentleman. He worked
in Kentucky Fish and Game.

He said that he witnessed a Dogman
jump on a couple that was camping there

along the shoreline,

held them down with its hands
and biting plugs out of them,

and they were able to confirm his
employment through the state and what not.

Ah, you got the famed 1982 attack of the
family that was slaughtered very terrible.

There's multiple variations of the story,
but largely they have retained the same way.

So that story boiled down
to its most basic form,

is a family of four, came down
to the Land Between the Lakes.

They were either in a
travel trailer or an RV.

And they came down to do some
camping up at the northern end

of Land Between the Lakes,
while they were, I guess,

getting set up and
everything ready.

A Dogman came up and literally
slaughtered the family.

Just dispatched them
in a grisly manner.

People came back
through, cops, ah...

The government in some form, hikers
and they found the family dead.

They found three bodies, but they
couldn't find the little girl.

Anyway, there was a little
girl along with them.

And they eventually found her
either up in the top of a tree

or somewhere about 100
feet away from the RV.

There is a little bit
of contention on that.

It has become a famous story of the region,
now almost teetering on urban legend.

And you can even find evidence
that it happened because

the spot where it
allegedly took place,

you can find where the light
poles are cut even to the ground.

You can find the old RV slips.

You can find the old
foundations for the bathhouses.

Something seemed to
have taken place there.

You can find the old,
the boundary stakes.

It really looks like
something happened.

And then...

some government crew
or the park came in,

tore it all up and let
nature retake itself.

You can tell that, for once some reason
they wanted to do away with this area.

And that, that's the most
famous story from up there.

The next famous would probably be,
there was a bow hunter up there

whose body was found dead
and I haven't found them yet.

But supposedly there are documents
showing he was found in the park.

He was dead. It
was all factual.

When they found his body
in a soybean field over

around where we camp
a lot, Dark Hollow.

His body was fed upon.

I'm going to be very respectful
because of the family

that, uh, suffered a loss.

A hunter was killed...

and was mauled to death.

But the official report says
it was a unknown animal.

Unknown species.

The reports...

that I have read, and
what I have been told

is that the animal was
either a cougar or a bear,

that had ripped the
man out of his tent.

And had consumed him
and pulled his body

three to four hundred
yards away from the tent.

It is my belief that I actually
had met this man the day before

while I was out
and was scouting.

And I do not know
if it was or not.

I do know that the man that I met
was in the same immediate area,

and I observed his pickup truck.

And there's just too many
indications to me that I believe

that the man that I met

is the same man that was pulled
out of his tent and eaten.

One of the common things when you're
researching Dogman is, it is strange.

Toward the northern
end of the parks

where they are at, you'll
find Dogman activity.

But to the southern end,
you find Bigfoot activity.

Dogmen in the North,
Bigfoot in the South.

So it does seem in some ways, there
is a, a territorial aspect to it.

I don't know. It could be hungry,
aggressive predator, could be territory.

Ah, there's a lot of factors
that could be at play.

In the spring of, I
believe it was 1993-94,

a hunting partner and myself...

A friend that I actually worked
at the sheriff's office with,

had decided to take a trip

into Land Between the
Lakes for turkey hunting.

The first night we came in,

we had absolutely no
problems whatsoever.

The next day, we both got
up and decided to take

a small excursion,
searching for birds,

and we went our separate ways.

We had a very nice
game trail to follow,

and I followed for miles and
throughout the entire day.

At this point in
the late afternoon,

I had a...

feeling that I was being
followed inside the woods.

Behind me I could hear movement,

and I could feel a presence

that I did not know if it
was animal or if it was man.

Being an avid hunter,
I was very observant.

Two to 300 yards behind me,

on the trail behind me,

I could see movement
in the woods.

I continued through the
woods for some time,

and followed the game trail,
edging my way back to my camp.

When I did actually catch
movement in the woods

and I could see

that there was two, or
possibly three animals

that was tailing me,
but when I would stop,

the movement would
stop in the woods.

I continued on,

and as I've become
closer to my camp,

I could hear a distinct
knock in the woods,

and it would be a large boom,

like someone had taken an axe
or something up against a tree.

So, at that point, I believed
it was my hunting partner

and I was getting
closer to camp.

As I got closer to camp,

is when I first observed
what I believe to be

a man in a ghillie suit.

So I just wrote it off,

you know, I'm a,
I'm on a hot trail.

I just need to get back to camp.

Somebody is watching
me to the west of me,

and somebody's coming in
on a game trail behind me

that's an animal.

Something was just tagging me.

I finally did make
it back to camp.

The closer I began getting
to my camp, I heard whistles.

I could hear a whistle

that was human-like, that
was a shrill whistle.

I attributed a lot
of these things

to, 'this is my hunting
partner back in camp.'

'He's knocking something.'

'He's whistling, trying
to get me to come in,

'so, I came in to camp.'

And immediately when
I come in to camp,

my friend that I have
known for many years,

I could tell was very shook.

There was something not right
with my hunting partner,

and I said, look, I'm
sorry I've been gone.

He said, "It's not that. I was
a little bit worried about you,

"but there is something
around the camp".

That's when he broke
down and told me,

he said, "I've been
hearing whistles

and there is something
hitting a tree,

or there is maybe rocks being
clampered against the ground.

He did not know either.

We settled in, we talked
around the campfire.

It got dark at this point.

When it gets dark at
Land Between the Lakes,

it is dark.

There's no car lights,
there's no street lights.

It is as if you were
in the 1700 or 1800s.

We felt like we
were being pressured

to get out of the camp,

and this is when
the activity began.

All that was illuminated,
was our campfire,

and our kerosene lamp.

So we had a period of...

a distance of 15 to
20 feet at maximum

around the camp that
would be illuminated,

and then we would see shadows.

And I noticed what I believed
to be a man behind a tree.

It looked as if a person was
standing behind the tree,

very large tree.

At that point, we
were locked in.

We were not going to be made
to move by anything or anybody.

This was our camp.

We're staying and
we're gonna hunt here.

A small limb or
tree, piece of a tree

come flying off the
top of the cliff

that was raised above us.

The rock came,

and when the rock comes
so close to in between us,

we were standing within five
to ten foot of each other,

we started getting scared.

At one point, Harry
told me that...

maybe we should
get our firearms,

and, so he set his
shotgun closer to him.

My shotgun was
laying on the ground,

but I had a sidearm on me.

So, I kind of felt confident.

You have to imagine the darkness
and how dark that it was,

and how limited
vision was for us.

We began to get a growl

from where the person or
persons were standing.

The growl was so intense,
that it vibrated in my chest,

and within my partner's chest.

It was like a vibration.

It was not like a growl I had
ever heard in my life from...

I've been around bears,

I've been around
pigs, charging boars.

I've been around all
different kinds of animals.

This was a growl like
I had never heard.

All my life, I've been
trained not to be afraid.

I've been trained to attack
anything that comes into vision

if you perceive
it to be a danger,

I could not do
anything. It just is...

It was as if I was this child
and I was five years old,

and I was scared of a
monster in the dark,

and I noticed that my
partner was totally frozen.

He was not moving.

He was breathing fast.

At one point I've seen
his shoulders slump,

and he was not feeling well.

All time had frozen.

Everything had just...
like it had become stilled,

and it It was just a low,
intense feeling that I had.

Out of the left side of
my peripheral vision,

I saw movement.

At this point I made
a physical move,

and once I took a step,

I felt like I could... I just
gained, like, my freedom,

and I pulled my firearm.

I turned my shoulders
to face the object

that I caught in my
peripheral vision.

I faced... I looked forward,

and I could see what
I knew was not a man.

I knew that it was not an
animal I had ever seen,

and it was coming towards me.

In the glow of the campfire

and the glow of
my kerosene lamp,

I caught what I felt was
an upright walking...

It was not bear.
It was like a wolf.

It was large, it was huge. It
was still walking towards me.

I've discharged my weapon
in its direction two times.

You have to imagine

when you fire a
gun at nighttime,

that you have an effect

of almost like a
camera going off,

and that camera instills
something in your brain,

so, I have this image.

Instilled in my head of
when the flash went out.

And the animal...

It was like it responded
to the firearm.

It was intelligent.

It knew that that...

firearm was dangerous to
it, because it reacted,

it moved and it went
backwards before I fired.

It is as if it
could jump and leap

beyond any human understanding.

It jumped to the rock face

that was beside of it,

and in an instant
was... it was gone.

It disappeared and went
over the ridge above us.

When I fired my weapon,

my hunting partner behind
me discharged his firearm,

in the opposite direction of me.

I am screaming at this point.

I'm screaming, I don't
even know what I'm saying,

but it's time to
back up to the truck

where we were parked, and
I began to cover above me.

I covered to the left
of me, and he's walking,

and we're walking behind us.

As we get to the truck,

I jump up into the back-end
of the pickup truck.

He gets in, cranks the vehicle.
I am standing in the back

of the pickup truck, the
lights, flow towards a field

that was in front of us.

Directly in front of me...

were two huge
figures, creatures.

I believe that what was
stalking me in the woods,

I believe that whatever I fired
at to the left of my camp,

was what people
refer to as a Dogman.

But I know what was in the
headlights of that truck,

was not the same creature,

because it towered at least
another two or three foot taller

than the animals that
I had seen in my camp.

These were two very
large creatures,

and I realized that one of them

was the exact thing that I
had seen in the distance,

that I believed to be a
man in a ghillie suit,

and it was not a man
in a ghillie suit.

It was not a bear.

It was on two legs, bipedal.

That's what I believe was
whistling the entire time

that I had heard in the woods.

That's what my partner
had heard whistling,

were the two figures that
I observed in the field

in front of me.

Were they working

with the other animals?

I just say the words.

Were they working
with the Dogman?

Were they guiding the Dogman,

or were there... Were
the two large creatures

there to protect me?

I do not know.

My partner fires up
the pickup truck,

and we speed out of the area.

As I turn around behind me,
something was tearing my...

our camp completely to pieces.

There are Bigfoot
stories from the region.

There's supposedly a
large, aggressive Bigfoot

in Land Between the Lakes.

It just goes wherever it wants.
They've nicknamed it Stonefoot.

And, we even have found

Bigfoot tracks up
towards the north,

close to around the site
where the family was attacked.

So, they are in the park.

- We stopped and we
attempted to report

what took place with us,

and we were told that
we had overreacted,

that we had observed what
they said was a rogue bear.

There are things that I
will not say on camera.

People that I've spoken
with over the years.

You have to understand

that the law enforcement
field is a tight brethren.

There is a unwritten rule
that you will not talk

of anything coming
out of the park.

I mean, these guys
have pensions,

these guys have family.

Can you imagine working for
somewhere for 20 or 30 years

and you are called
into the office

and you are told
that, due to the fact

you spoke in public
about an incident

that took place,
that you're fired?

I believe it's entirely possible
that they cover stuff like that.

They'd lose a lot of
money if people learned

that there was something
that looked like a werewolf

wandering through the park,
or possibly even Bigfoot.

They'd lose a lot of money.

So, if one person
disappears, or a few people,

wouldn't it be for them,

wouldn't it be the most
profitable decision

to just cover it
up and make it look

like something never happened?

At this point, there
are many people

that have went missing,
or have come up,

they've been found
dead within the park.

And this is a phenomenon
that it is not contained

to Land Between the Lakes.

This has taken place in a
lot of our national parks.

It is a very scary thought
that the general public

is tourism.

To a certain extent, the
general public is unarmed

when they enter these parks,

unable to defend themselves
against anything, man or beast.

From all the encounters

that I have talked
to people with,

it's just not
simply encountering

an animal out there.

There are earth lights

often attached to
these sightings.

There are feelings of
dread associated with this.

In my opinion, what we
were dealing with here

is not a human simply
shape-shifting into an animal,

or some sort of
uncatalogued creature

that is roaming the
wilds of America

that has yet to be
categorized by science.

I think there is something here

that is far beyond
our knowledge.

It appears as if these creatures
are coming from another source,

and they bleed into our world,

or we bleed into their
world, or what have you.

There almost has to be
an unspoken agreement

between the person that is
witnessing these creatures,

and the creatures themselves.

It seems there is some sort of
exchange of energy going on,

and for these things
to manifest themselves,

they would need your energy

to feed off, to make
almost a circuit

in which everything is fired up,

and then these things
can then appear

and manifest within our reality.

It bothered me for years.

I'm not saying that I had
post-traumatic stress.

I'm not saying that,

but I know that every time

I walked out of
my house at night,

I was always had this fear

of what's lurking
behind the house.

What could be under the car?

What could be behind that bush,

because in the back of my
mind, it's always there.

It could be there.

And the other thing that
really kind of stuck out to me,

was, as I sat back
and I reflected,

was, if that thing's real,
what the hell else is real?

- I didn't let it
control my life,

and as a matter of fact,

I kind of swept it into the...

into the back
recesses of my mind,

and now and again
it would come up.

I get the pin pricks
in the back of my neck,

and I think I'm just...

Too much imagination.

I hid this from myself.

I would... I
rarely told anyone,

because you tell
someone, and yeah,

they're condescending at best,

just laugh, or think
you're joking, and...

Now, at this age, I don't care

whether you believe me or
not, it doesn't matter.

It happened.

- The only thing I could
literally tell people

I saw was a werewolf,

which probably
didn't help the fact

that people thought I was crazy.

And like I've told her,

every time I talk
about it to anybody,

the nightmares come back.

I 've woke up
screaming in the night.

My wife shook me.

It scares me to my core
to know that these things

are still out there,
moving and walking around.

These things are built
to hurt something.

Trust me, you don't
want to see one.

- I have nightmares.
I'm plagued with dreams.

At one point, I spoke
with a professional

that said that I had...
I had seen something,

that had traumatized my memory.

I couldn't accept
what I had saw.

That trauma of whatever that
had occurred that night,

and the incident
that I had seen,

that... It will haunt me.

It will be in my dreams.

They told me to
attempt to work it out.

I will not hunt

in the deep woods any longer.

I have been to different states,

I have hunted in Montana,
I have hunted in Wyoming.

I have fished where
I've had grizzly bears

within 20 to 30 yards of
me when I'm fly fishing.

They don't scare me.

That scares me.

What I saw that night,

was such an intense
feeling, an evil...

A feeling of evil that
cannot be described.