All language subtitles for (English (auto-generated))The rise and fall of Pope Benedict XVI _ DW Documentary_video_id_aPaMPPIB9NU

[Applause]

cardinal

ratzinger

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[Music]

[Applause]

great

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[Music]

the cardinals have elected me

a simple humble worker in the vineyard

of the lord

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[Music]

[Applause]

[Music]

[Music]

from morning to night it provides an

order of life that is shaped by the

liturgy by the prayers by the bells that

beckon me to church every sunday morning

to be an altar boy

to be immersed in this picturesque world

the beautiful music the wonderful hymns

in fact i know which of them i'll be

singing in my final hour before i die

every aspect of life is bathed in the

immense joy of being allowed to belong

to and live in this culture

whoever experiences all of this is very

fortunate

it's like receiving an extraordinary

gift blessed is he who carves out this

experience for his entire life

one serves god and god knows all god is

absolutely good and everything god wants

and asks of me

indeed god can ask anything of me

because if jesus died for me on the

cross i can't say no

my memory as a child

when it came to religion was fear

and guilt

you see the big thing

in traditional

catholicism certainly in ireland

was that the church controlled the way

people touch

their lives were controlled and their

thinking was controlled by the church

okay we were told we had a conscience

but we could only use our conscience

if we followed the teaching of the

church

in the centuries after the enlightenment

the catholic church faced a dilemma it

firmly rejected the modern world a world

that embraced the principles of liberty

democracy and freedom of religion as

fundamental rights but as a result more

and more believers found themselves

leading lives that were at odds with the

moral teachings of the church

the second vatican council convened in

the hopes of reconciling these

differences and ushering the church into

the modern age

accompanying the german delegation was a

young theology professor by the name of

josef ratzinger

[Music]

[Music]

the glory of god is the human person

fully alive

the old church

the old preaching

didn't want us to be fully alive it

wanted us to be careful

in case we'd fall into sin

our generation we thought

that we would create a new church

that the past was gone

and the future was followed by promise

josef ratzinger was seen as one of the

most progressive theologians in the

council his writings were instrumental

in carving out a reformist pathway

it's been

the professor

i met professor josef ratzinger at the

first session of the second vatican

council in rome

ratzinger undoubtedly favored a

triumphant image of the church

after all that was the image from his

youth and it was such a glorious image

in my young years as a priest

young married women coming into us

coming in to say me and my late 20s

never having been obviously married

never had any experience relationship

with women because i'd been in a

seminary for my young days asking my

advice and their sexual relationships

the ridiculousness

of it

but at least i had the theology from the

the new teaching

about conscience

and about the importance of being able

to make your own decision

in your own particular circumstances and

then that way maybe to be able to set

them free of it

another progressive theologian in the

council was hans kung a professor at the

university of tubingen in southwestern

germany in ratzinger kung saw a kindred

spirit and invited him to teach in

tubian

[Music]

when ratzinger came to lecture there was

something of a transitional phase who

stopped talking normally perhaps a

little unsure then his voice slowly rose

until he reached the classic pitch he

actually has a rather high voice and

then he was fully within himself and no

longer made eye contact he just looked

up at the ceiling and delivered his

lecture and then he was in his elements

traditional church doctrine into

language that was accessible students

lined up to hear his lectures

but outside the lecture hall young

people were taking to the streets

they were calling for more freedoms and

protesting the status quo

in tubingen kratzinger was suddenly

seeing up close the revolutionary

demands threatening the church

josef ratzinger is a very clear thinker

someone who's been shaped by the order

meaning

everything in the world must be ordered

and god has ordered everything and

folded it into the system so to speak

so the revolution is the worst thing

that can happen because it destroys

order

so if anyone started shouting and i mean

after all in those days he was a young

professor

um not used to this

it probably gave him a real trauma

it seems to have given him so much of a

trauma that he changed

his the outlook he had on certain

matters in the um at the council

secular modernism all the secular

anarchy that was going on in the 60s

when everything was was popping and you

know the old world was dying and the new

one was sort of trying to become to give

birth to itself um and i think that that

cardinal ratzinger may have seen it that

way you know he's

the defender of

truth

absolute truth which isn't changing

against modernism which is threatening

it from all sides

[Music]

ratzinger left tubing in for the

bavarian city of regensburg where his

brother was the conductor of the famous

boys choir the regensburger domsbatson

or cathedral sparrows

ratzinger's sister who devoted her life

to managing his household accompanied

him

[Music]

there's one thing that must be said if

the church were to orient itself towards

the world which would entail turning

away from the cross it would lead not to

a renewal of the church but rather to

its demise

during his time in fagensburg

ratzinger shifted his position on just

how much reform the church could take

wounded

at that time ratzinger was influenced by

a group of young people who had a quite

apocalyptic outlook

stockpiled supplies and holed up in

their house for four weeks

they bought sacred candles and were

always expecting evil to come

in his brand of theology there's always

been this idea that the devil is trying

to creep in

pope paul vi once said that the devil

tries to slip in like smoke through the

cracks in the walls

so common

a few years later in 1977 pope paul vi

appointed joseph hatzinger as archbishop

of munich in freizing

mr be right are you ready to remain

united in obedience and loyalty

with the successor of the apostle peter

i am ready

[Music]

kratzinger vowed to defend the teachings

of the church and adopted cooperatores

veritatis meaning co-workers of the

truth as his episcopal motto

the church is already surrounded by

enemies

the very worst are the secularized

theologians the modern priests i say

modern with quotation marks who pose

critical questions who question the

sexual teachings of the church and fold

questions of modernity into the

theological discourse

and there must be a clear stand against

that through a clear liturgy and clear

recognition of the ministry

when the world is divided so that

there's only one truth and everything

else is wrong then not only is his

personal view a true view but it is the

only true view

and he has to fight for it to show

people all else is wrong i think that

was his self-perception throughout his

life

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ah

[Music]

cardinal ratzinger was concerned

that the liturgy lose the sense of the

sacred

because

it is a language we are using here on

earth which needs to lead us to an

experience of the transcendent

it is

um the

the doorway to heaven and experience of

heaven on earth

and so it has to have a language of

beauty and music

investments

liturgy has to talk about beauty because

it's talking about the truth

i understand one of the most popular

church hymns was a house full of glory

looks

so imagine the church as a castle where

everything inside is good and well but

the outside world is full of enemies

in the end the devil storms the church

but he can't enter because it is a house

full of glory which can withstand all

storms

these

amid this ongoing and increasingly harsh

critique of the modern world ratzinger

actually left nothing good to say

perhaps the most characteristic speech

that sums it all up is his famous speech

the last one he gave as a cardinal

and there he articulates his thinking

very clearly and very sharply with not a

single empty phrase

which was probably the reason why he was

elected to the post

[Music]

having a clear faith based on the creed

of the church

is often labeled as fundamentalism

whereas relativism

that is letting oneself be tossed around

and swept up by every wind of doctrine

seems the only attitude suited to these

modern times

a dictatorship of relativism is being

established that recognizes

solely of one's own ego and desires

[Music]

on a trip to germany pope john paul ii

visited ratzinger in his home state of

bavaria

greetings holy father welcome to bavaria

now you are in a catholic state

the pope invited fratzinger to work for

him in the vatican but ratzinger wanted

to focus on his writings so he initially

declined

you can see the glow of the sunset

fear gold on our list

boys but it wasn't long before ratzinger

answered the call to rome appointed as

prefect of the congregation for the

doctrine of the faith he took on the

responsibility of safeguarding the

church's doctrine throughout the

catholic world

[Music]

the congregation of the doctrine of the

fate has the important duty

to defend

the beauty

and the wholeness of the christian

tradition and boundary

a tree that is not pruned will branch

out

it's the same with faith

it's a vital process and the

congregation for the doctrine of the

faith is charged with the task on the

pope's behalf of recognizing negative

developments and taking action

that means protecting the faith in

negative terms

and promoting the faith in a positive

sense

meanwhile liberation theology had been

gaining momentum in latin america a

reform movement to lift up the voices of

the poor and oppressed

the congregation for the doctrine of the

faith condemned it as contrary and

dangerous

where does the discourse on liberation

theology go from here

are there aspects up for discussion

ensured progressive bishops were removed

from office replacing them with men who

were loyal to the vatican

one body which is the congregation for

the doctrine that faith

passes the judgment

decides and imposes the penalty

and then

if you want to appeal the judgment and

the penalty

the only body you can appeal to

is the congregation for the doctrine of

the faith the same body that passed the

judgment and opposed the penalty i know

that when i was dealing with my case i

consulted a group of civil lawyers in

dublin

and when i explained to them the way the

vatican was operating they were amazed

they said nobody has operation like this

in any half respectable society since

the 16th century

how would you describe your office

is it more about policing or guiding

none

it has many components to it

there's the job of guiding our direction

of identifying and curbing troubling

tendencies

i'd say the most important task is to

somehow hold ourselves together

after all we can see how the whole world

is drifting apart today

keeping more than 800 million people

together in a world that's become so

pluralistic is fundamental and i believe

it's also a service to humanity this

argument here australia

it's hard to separate his ideology his

theology in action from his own

personality

he's a man who

was given to order

organization

uh he doesn't like chaos

when he ran the congregation for the

doctrine of the faith the whole point

there was

keeping order

and those who didn't think right

threatened this order and so they were

were

banished silenced

and some of the most creative

theologians in the catholic church

were victims of the congregation for the

doctrine of the faith

there was always a sense to which you

were looking over your shoulder

what would your superiors think what

would the bishop think

through that period of pope john paul

and benedict

there were people

who saw it as their function to report

everything

to the vatican that they are regarded as

being in any way

out of order or heretical as they the

one that they would use and that was

constantly going on

and the pathetic thing

was that the vatican were listening to

them

a system of control of fear of caution

took root

one no longer had the courage to voice

criticism because you knew that the eyes

and the ears of the vatican were

everywhere

when i was preaching in the church

there were people down there

taking note of what i was saying

in order to report it

to the congregation for the doctrine of

the faith and they knew

that they would be listened to

[Music]

it was an entire system within a

well-oiled apparatus in which everything

was under control that's what joseph

ratzinger helped build

[Music]

cardinal ratzinger remained at the

congregation for the doctrine of the

faith for 23 years

familia is for joseph ratzinger

benedict for joseph ratzinger and for

pope benedict family is not only a key

component of his theology but also his

own life and in the congregation one

felt that his family encompassed more

than his parents and his siblings

he welcomed the men and women who worked

there into an extended family

family

[Music]

he always had that longing

for

the little

troundstein

it's not really so much

the bavarian motherland it's the

ratzinger family just the five of them

and home was

mama papa and three children

called joseph maria

then there was georg and then there was

maria and joseph it was the holy family

enzyme elton house

everything was always in perfect order

in his parents home

he had a storybook set of parents he had

picture perfect siblings

they were all raised in the church there

was nothing evil in his inner circle

outside yes but not inside

it warms my heart all the friendships

the beauty of our state how many good

people there are and that god is so

gracious to me

[Music]

[Music]

fatzinger also developed a close bond

with the spiritual family the work

the work is a community of consecrated

men and women

they visited each other several times a

year

[Music]

sunday

[Music]

when i joined i was initially struck

with a feeling of great joy and

fulfillment

that delighted me at the beginning

but then over time

i didn't admit it to myself that i was

missing something

i couldn't read books

i could no longer go for a walk down the

street without asking first

there weren't even five minutes in the

day that i myself had control over and i

regularly had these conversations with

my superior who told me what i should

think what i should feel and i always

told myself because it's something i was

always told that my superior is leading

me guiding me she's bringing me closer

to god but in reality i'd been broken

[Music]

in my community there were things that

weren't said outright but were

understood to be true

for example

the idea of a worldwide jewish

conspiracy

that islam is a threat to the christian

west

the very fixed view that democracy has

no place in the church

and a longing for the old german empire

communities similar to the work emerged

seeking to sway civil society with their

devotion to the church

something the church encouraged

the church appeared to be in a state of

the decay of believers was declining the

number of priests was dropping morale

was going down

and when you're drowning you'll grasp at

any straw

and in this case the straw were these

new spiritual communities like opus dei

communication and liberation the work

and all the others

and these communities offered an

absolute allegiance to the pope

an absolute defense of his intentions

and i mean what general does not welcome

allies

in bundesliga

[Music]

[Applause]

under john paul ii these new spiritual

communities grew in power

their aim was to re-evangelize an

increasingly secular society

[Music]

the legionaries of christ was among the

most important of these groups

at a time when society was in flux when

the seminaries were emptying one after

another when parishes were aging

and some even had to close because there

wasn't any new blood

the church was glad to see the arrival

of these young christians

the legionaries of christ immediately

understood this

and so they began to set up a system of

aluminum

[Music]

as members of the order we were

encouraged to profess our love for the

church and the pope

[Music]

we embedded in crowds where the holy

father was making appearances

there were always some legionaries

chanting holy father we love you

that's how we made our presence known

and conveyed our message to the pope

we know that things are bad for the

church but we're here

we're saving the church

[Music]

i think i wasn't able to see past that

illusion

it possibly even

more than that

the indications are that ratzinger maybe

saw that there was the future of the

church

because

particularly in his time as pope

he increasingly projected this image of

a smaller

purer more faithful church

[Music]

a very important aspect in the

spirituality of the legionaries is this

kind of dualism between a society that

has gone mad what benedict xvi called

the dictatorship of relativism

and the church

which is a kind of bulwark of resistance

where values and true doctrine are

protected

the angel of darkness appears at times

in the form of an angel of light

that means i always have to ask myself

when i see the angel these great

enthusiastic young priests is it truly

the angel of light or is it only the

angel of darkness shrouded behind

i joined the legionaries of christ in

1974 when i was 18 after i finished

school

i worked in the main house at via

aurelia 677.

it's the mother house in europe the

headquarters and where the leadership

says

the founder of the legionaries of christ

was marcial massio his uncanny ability

to rally followers made the order a

favorite among the popes

pope john paul ii saw the legion as

saviors who might restore the church

back to its former glory

you can see and feel the legionary's

presence

are the martial martials too

[Applause]

after founding his religious community

in mexico in 1941 massielle built a

network of schools and universities

across 22 countries worth an estimated

25 billion euros

as the church floundered from a shortage

of priests the legionaries of christ was

regularly holding mass ordinations with

as many as 60 men ordained at a time

was a brilliant seducer a brilliant

charlatan

he knew how to sell his image and

communicate what people wanted to see

hear and feel it's empty

members of the congregation revered

matthiel like a living saint

[Applause]

[Music]

certain cardinals were friends of the

legion

and they were cardinals and archbishops

in the vatican curia

that supported the legion and protected

the legion

but a number of these cardinals

especially cardinal sedano the cardinal

secretary of state

was given you know significant amounts

of money

by people in the legion for his

charities well that's a euphemism that's

for him

ratzinger refused

he refused to take any bribes he refused

to take any of the gifts

cardinal tarcizi bertoni whom ratzinger

would later appoint as his secretary of

state was also among massiel supporters

bertoni would later be implicated in

numerous corruption scandals one

involved a children's hospital owned by

the vatican

is a very important hospital

it receives 270 million euros annually

from the italian state

it is under the authority of the vatican

and on its soil

cardinal

used 200

the apartments of all the cardinals are

300 to 500 square meters large some are

even 600 square meters

to justify this they say the apartments

aren't just for us

after all nuns live with us too

in 1997 eight men accused massiel of

abusing them when they were children two

of the victims reported their cases

personally to katzinger's office

but no investigation was launched

the first accusation appeared in the

mexican press in 1997.

the legionaries of christ responded by

opening schools

universities

and seminaries around the world to show

that the congregation and martial had

god's blessing

why was martial protected by cardinals

like angelo sedano

stanislav jevish frank roday

and dario castrol john

for one thing they were business

partners

as in the case of cardinal sedano and

martial

they believed that everything martial

did was for the good of the church

the end justified the means

other cardinals feared a major scandal

and thought it's better that eight

victims be defamed

rather than risk millions of catholics

falling away from the face

[Music]

it became clear that the legionaries of

christ had gained enormous power over

the vatican

at the same time the accusations were

becoming more and more serious

all this was threatening to blow up in

his face

in this period of uncertainty pope john

paul ii died after a long illness

only father john paul ii has returned to

the house of the father

for 26 years john paul ii had served the

catholic church as the supreme pontiff

now the cardinals were faced with the

question of who should replace him

[Music]

[Applause]

joseph ratzinger presided over the

funeral and the requiem mass

[Music]

he had the most powerful position in the

curia

probably even more powerful in some ways

than secretary of state

he was the one cardinal over there that

knew everybody else and he knew the

system better than anybody else

and he knew all these men that were

going in there to vote

[Music]

in the weeks that followed a papal

conclave convened to elect a new pope

[Music]

his dream was to write a book about

jesus of nazareth

and naturally he wanted to do that

relieved of the burdens of office

and duties of office i'm

from

after a brief conclave 78 year old

ratzinger was elected pope

he chose the name benedict xvi

officially becoming the vicar of christ

on earth

[Music]

[Applause]

when the counting of the ballads slowly

made clear that the guillotine

so to speak would fall on me

i felt quite dizzy

i had thought that i had done my life's

work and could now hope for a peaceful

end to my day

up until that point ratzinger had stood

in the shadow of john paul ii but now he

was the supreme shepherd over a flock

that was divided on how to interpret the

church doctrine

the next day we went for work

as usual

and then we had the announcement that

the pope wanted to come

to say hello so his first visit was

coming back to the congregation

greeting everyone of us

and thanking us for being what he used

to call his family

if one were to ask who is the right

person for this office then ratzinger is

certainly not the right answer

but when one asks which office is the

right one for yosef ratzinger where he

is best sheltered from reality

then the papal office is really the

right one because as pope he is

simultaneously the supreme legislator

and supreme interpreter of the law he

has all the offices and nobody no matter

what he does nobody can really interfere

[Music]

i can look at the church as the

successor of the crucified christ

walking on earth in the dust in the dirt

pope francis speaks of the church as a

field hospital for example

but i can also see the church as an

outpost of the exalted christ in all its

splendor and glory

so naturally my lifestyle and the manner

in which i assume the office revolves

around that interpretation

it's not that he was interested in pump

but he wanted to show i am the pope

and every piece of clothing is one might

say a way to anonymize

to fade back as an individual and take

on this role

and it was noticeable that he fell back

on elements that were actually

considered outdated or discontinued by

john paul the second

biannual

so he boxed himself inside this world of

the vicarious office of christ i'm just

i'm packed

[Music]

[Music]

my

[Music]

but the problems ratzinger would come to

face as pope were ones he'd already

struggled with as cardinal

i happened to arrive at the congregation

in october 2002

and in november

cases started arriving from the united

states

and it was a veritable avalanche of

cases we're talking about

tens of cases on a daily basis

by the 1980s child abuse by clergy in

the catholic church was no longer a

secret

in 2002 journalists from the boston

globe won a court order forcing the

archdiocese of boston to hand over a

trove of sealed documents

the documents revealed that the church's

internal practice was to secretly

transfer abusive priests from one parish

to the next

boston revealed to the world that the

major problem was the duplicity the

dishonesty of the hierarchy of the

bishops who were covering this up and

then lying about it

the newspaper team with the boston globe

not only did stories about the

individual priests but they went after

the system and that's what was important

there

[Music]

he had a way of doing a thump on the

table with his hand

which which expressed his frustration

at how

people could

betray the priesthood

and the holiness of the vocation

and you could also feel this suffering

in the way he reacted to narratives and

you could also see it in his eyes

i wanted to ask you a question about

father marcia

no i can you talk about i'm not so

informed

this is even i think inconvenient it's

this moment to come to me

the question whether you uh

there's a question whether you come to

me

when you guess the moment is given that

not not yet well we've tried

at that time ratzinger knew about all

the reports regarding martial

sexual abuse and other accusations

his misconduct in terms of money alcohol

and drugs and all kinds of other crimes

but he could not say anything

because he did not have pope john paul

ii's permission

i think the analysis of that being

not so much concern about the children

that he had violated

that never was the primary concern

the primary concern was was the

embarrassment to the holy see the

embarrassment to the system that's what

the problem was

in 2004 despite the revelations the

vatican commemorated massiel's 60th

anniversary of his ordination to the

priesthood kratzinger neither attended

the celebrations in saint peter's square

nor the legionaries event that followed

this is this big event with all the

legionaries that were there with a lot

of cardinals and archbishops were there

and here's the nuestra padre the living

saint with this young girl sitting on

his lap and then it comes out that she

was his daughter

and he had the

brazenness

to bring his

mistress and his daughter to this

celebration

why did he do that because he could he

knew nothing would happen to him

he thought if they touch me the vatican

and the whole catholic church are

implicated too

no one would dare attack martial because

he is this living saint who is protected

by the church

in light of these events ratzinger

authorized an investigation into maciel

a year after being named pope ratzinger

stripped martial of his posts in the

legionary's leadership and ordered him

to a life of prayer and penance which he

did not adhere to

the vatican published its decision in a

one-page statement essentially massiel's

only punishment was to live a secluded

life

when benedict xvi finally took action it

was very clearly a surgical operation

he torpedoed father macien while at the

same time protected the legion

it was as if he wanted to remove one

card from a house of cards without

bringing the whole thing crashing down

the vatican never revealed massiel's

offenses in detail massielle spent the

rest of his days living in luxury

unscathed

[Music]

believe that ratzinger is remarkably

removed from reality he thinks in

abstract principles

he calls himself augustinist that is he

thinks in ways associated with plato

the truth only takes place in heaven

there are eternal values

everything we have are only

approximations

that is why he generally does not deal

concretely with the everyday

with the differentiated with that which

cannot be precisely pinned down with

that which one must always say there's

another aspect to it

he does not deal with any of that he

wants principles

[Music]

[Applause]

[Music]

christ is very clear

even evoking it twice

that there is no alternative

if the tree is bad it is impossible for

it to bear good fruit

i extend a very special welcome to the

legionaries of christ

[Applause]

i hugged my mother

all was

the same happened to many former

legionnaires

the day it came out that father maciel

was a scoundrel who had led this double

life

i burst out laughing

i couldn't help myself

it was terrible

but i had to laugh

because all the tension that had built

up

all the guilt

was released at once

it was no surprise to me

that a priest would abuse a child

because i knew that adults abused

children

i was abused myself as a child so like

the reality of all of that

and i never

expected the priest

to be ultimately that different to

anybody else

just because they were ordained

did the joseph ratzinger think that they

were different

the priest is called to a very high

calling

but he also needs good and solid

human formation

he needs to know himself

he needs to accept the weaknesses

he cannot

change

but he also needs to lead a lifestyle

that is compatible with his calling

at a time when the reputation of priests

had plummeted worldwide pope benedict

xvi announced in 2009 that there'd be a

special year for priests

his aim was to honor and revive the

sanctity of the priesthood

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and then came the moment of the laying

on of hands and finally when cardinal

falhaba called out to us the words of

jesus

priestly ordination as initiation into

the community of jesus's friends called

to be with him and to spread his message

you know there was this belief there was

this teaching that when you are ordained

you are ontologically changed not too

sure what that ever meant never meant

anything to me

um

but i think in some circles there was a

sense that that this conferred some

special

grace or privilege on you that made you

a different person

a number of victims offered to help

advise the church in how to grapple with

the instances of sexual abuse

i remember from speaking to the bishops

at the

gregorian in 2012

and speaking about how my abuser one in

the evening he would abuse me physically

sexually

and then the next morning he would come

around and he would give me the the

eucharist with the same hand that he'd

abused me with

and after

he finished speaking there was a bishop

stood up and he was

absolutely horrified that he had never

actually he said he'd never looked at an

abuser like that before because it was

his priesthood that was involved as long

as he said why why are we not throwing

all these men out of the church

but what got him on his feet

was just my description of something

which involves something which was very

sacred

but you know my body should have been

just a sacred

first of all i must say that these

revelations were a shock to me

they bring deep sadness

it is difficult to understand how this

perversion of the priestly ministry was

possible

[Music]

the closing ceremony of the year for

priests in 2010 marked the largest

gathering of clergy in recorded history

despite the reports of clerical abuse

worldwide pope benedict xvi clung to his

image of the priest he put his faith in

the renewal and repentance of the

community

he formulated something in a way i've

been thinking about ever since

it goes the devil threw dirt in our

faces during the year for priests

i had to ask myself who does he mean

does he mean the victims

does he mean the press that reported

about it

who threw the dirt here

who is the devil where is

i know that cardinal ratzinger pope

benedict

um

feels that the priesthood is an

extraordinary vocation

a first of all a vocation to holiness

so a life of sin

and abuse of minors is incompatible

with the vocation to the priesthood

of the under anxiety on the other hand

it must be acknowledged that cardinal

ratzinger was aware of this reality for

years

it's just the sheer number of cases that

was new

at the beginning it was believed that

there were a few isolated incidents

but the investigations and the inquiries

showed that that was not true

and then in 2010 especially

there was this tsunami of cases in

ireland

uh oh in in

a dark shadow of suspicion has been cast

over so many priests and religious who

perform their ministry with honesty and

integrity and often with heroic

self-sacrifice

we ask god's forgiveness and his healing

we ask this for ourselves

and we ask healing for the victims who

have been so gravely wronged by those

who were our brothers

in my own case

i

i went to report my abuser uh 25 years

after the abuse to my local curator

and

his attitude was that the abuse must

have been my fault and i was forgiven

for it and

he wouldn't take the priest's name

because he said if he did he'd have to

do something about it

and

i left that discussion feeling

devastated and it took me another 10

years to ever speak about it again but

what i discovered in the murphy report

was and what he told the police when he

was interviewed was that he'd been told

in the seminary

in a case like that never to take the

priest's name

during the era of john paul and benedict

people were appointed as bishops in the

church right around the world and very

much in ireland

not because of their leadership ability

but because of their orthodoxy

so what we got

as a leadership team in the church

were people who were ultra orthodox

but almost by definition

had no leadership ability in them and

were not able to think clearly for

themselves

so that when the crisis hit

they were swamped

didn't you go yourself bishop over go to

the victims yourself

um and encourage them to go to the

police

i suppose perhaps i should perhaps i

should have done but um

i have so much to do

it was the fact that the church

leadership seemed to be quite

comfortable about lying to people

to protect

the abusers

with evidence mounting of systemic child

abuse in church institutions the irish

government commissioned three

investigative reports the reports

confirmed u.s findings that at least

seven percent of all priests were

accused offenders

as a sign of my deep concern

i have written a pastoral letter dealing

with this painful situation

i ask all of you to read it for

yourselves with an open heart

and in a spirit of faith

my hope is that it will help

in the process of repentance

healing and renewal

to us bishops he says we must admit

that grave errors of judgment were made

and failures of leadership occurred

which have seriously undermined our

credibility and effectiveness

the vatican had a lot of knowledge in

these matters and it was addressed

internally within the church

the vatican has never taken political

responsibility for its refusal to listen

and for dismissing claims

and it's easy as a pope or as a cardinal

in the vatican to scold the bishops for

what they've covered up thereby shifting

the blame away from oneself

from this vector

and it's very obvious now that what they

wanted to do was to bury this story

and that

same attitude went right through the

church right up to the vatican

no doubt those spouses

then a fourth report was published in

ireland the cline report it revealed

that the vatican had blocked irish

bishops from turning over abuse cases to

civil authorities

insisting that civil law does not apply

to the church the vatican refused to

take part in the investigation

in a parliamentary session irish prime

minister enda kenny took a stand

cardinal joseph ratzinger said

standards of conduct appropriate to

civil society

or the workings of a democracy

cannot be purely and simply applied to

the church

it's fair to say that after the ryan and

the murphy reports

ireland is perhaps unshockable

when it comes to the abuse of children

but klein has proved to be of a

different order

because for the first time in this

country a report into child sexual abuse

exposes an attempt by the holy see

to frustrate an inquiry in a sovereign

democratic republic

as little as three years ago not three

decades ago

and in doing so the client report

excavates the dysfunction

the disconnection

the elitism that dominate the culture of

the vatican today

i listen to that speech uh directly

because i was

going to be on an irish radio show

right after he finished it

and comment on it and it brought tears

to my eyes because i said thank god this

man is saying what should have been said

a long time ago

quite a traditional catholic man

regular mascot

is seen as quite conservative

in a lot of ways

nobody expected it from him but it cut

the mood of the nation

in a way that i've seldom seen any

political speech in my lifetime

and suddenly

he turned

the whole focus of ireland on the

vatican

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clericalism is the core of it

the seeing everything from the point of

view that

we know better than you do

and

we can do things better than you can

because we're the church

there's still a long path to journey in

honesty

before we can truly merit forgiveness

archbishop martin

got it he understood

just how bad this was

and he cooperated with the government

when they were investigating the

archdiocese of dublin he turned over the

files voluntarily

see abuse isn't it isn't it isn't just

the the actual sexual acts which are

horrendous

um but the sexual abuse of the child is

a

it's a total abuse of power

uh it's actually saying to a child i i

control you

and that is saying to the child you're

worthless

he was actually

doing something

in his country in his archdiocese to

protect the victims of sexual abuse to

bring about justice

if you went in

on the day of the opening of a new

school

where you know the archbishop and the

minister are coming and the

eight-year-olds are all dressed up and

they're hair combed and so on

it

it's devastating

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[Music]

in 2010 the abuse scandal reached pope

benedict's bavarian homeland

[Music]

is

[Music]

is

[Music]

please

he must have felt it i mean he obviously

knew the dorm schwartz and he

uh he's a regensburg man

for a great part of his life

now

i mean that was heartbreaking

one of the worst

of of the abuse cases

i don't remember any comments at all

[Music]

foreign

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is

[Music]

more and more articles came out

detailing victims stories the vatican

was under pressure to respond in 2010

cardinal sedano broke protocol at easter

sunday mass to express his support for

the pope

holy father

the people of god are with you

and will not let themselves be

influenced by the petty gossip of the

moment

by the trials that sometimes assail the

community of believers

jesus said

in the world you shall have tribulation

but he immediately added

but be of good cheer

i have overcome the world

[Music]

[Applause]

a few weeks later the new spiritual

movements answered the call to express

their solidarity with the holy father

thank you all for being here

this is the root of the problem the

protection that is called upon and the

protection that is given harms the

church

it does not protect it rather it harms

it

and that's because it leads the church

away from recognizing the truth

perhaps that was the community similar

to the one i was part of and perhaps

that was me in that moment when he

visited us and we all stood there and

smiled and pressed his hand and listened

to him reverently and no one asked a

question

instead we conveyed exactly what it was

he wanted to see in that moment

and the fact that the sister who was

standing in front of him was raped a few

months ago by one of the priests who was

also standing in front of him that is

not present in the room you could say we

protected him from that in that moment

unfortunately when you have a

monarchical system the most important

part of that system is the monarch

the bishops who run the catholic church

protected themselves and their system

at all costs and of course the major

cost there was the victims of sexual

abuse

they were sacrificed for the security

and for the image of the governmental

system the hierarchical system

but in spite of all the pushback in

spite of the size of the church its

power and its money

the victims

still have something that they don't

have

and that's the absolute truth as to what

happened to them

[Music]

from 2010 on pope benedict traveled

around the world more than ever he

preached about contraception abortion

education and the importance of the

traditional family unit

pope benedict's trip to mexico in 2012

coincided with the publication of 212

documents leaked from the vatican

archives

they contained evidence that the vatican

had been aware of massielle's offenses

since the 1950s

some abuse victims invited pope benedict

to meet with them but he did not go

and i was doing nothing except trying to

prove

that they knew this man was an abuser

and they were willing to leave him in

his parish

where he was mentoring children

and they were willing to lie to me

and lie and go to the press and say i

was lying they didn't have any care at

all about destroying my reputation

destroying me

um

and felt justified in doing that

because in their mind i was attacking

the church and i was uh

making them look bad because some higher

the church exists for the world's

salvation and therefore it must be

protected and its reputation must be

protected and anyone who questions that

is thereby attacking the church's

mission of salvation and when an

outsider comes in asking certain

questions it's always taken as an attack

it's an attack because it destroys this

image which is an end in itself

while in mexico pope benedict sustained

a head injury after tripping in the

middle of the night

the injury was initially kept quiet but

his doctor advised him to stop his

intercontinental travel

the trip to mexico was incredibly

exhausting

he was very very tired

and he recovered somewhat slowly

and i noticed something's off

so in prayer he was even more in it

even more fervent

even more existential

[Music]

what were those years like for benedict

for joseph ratzinger the gradual

realization

that all of this institution

that he had given his life to

that there was

so much in it

that was corrupt

and it was seriously malfunctioning

i am facing the last stretch of my life

and i do not know what will be imposed

on me

but i know that the light of god is

there that he is risen

that his light is stronger than all

darkness

that god's goodness is stronger than all

the evil of this world

in 2012 it also surfaced that pope

benedict's butler paolo gabriela had

been stealing confidential documents for

years and passing them on to a

journalist for the first time the public

had a window into the inner workings of

the vatican

how does such a leak happen

brief

document how can a journalist publish

letters documents or parts of documents

or internal business transactions in a

book

again

i'm not saying anything new here is that

he is not the best judge of character

out there

the vatileak scandal revealed infighting

money laundering and corruption in the

curia the vatican central administration

the situation had spiraled out of

control

there are five or six possible theories

on the source of the leaks

but then there were two things i spotted

and realized it could have only been one

person

either the holy father himself

or me as secretary or another person

very close to him

we were with him after the vati league

and he came to speak about paulo

that was the butler who stole the

documents

and it became very clear to me that he

was not just some employee but that he

was more like a son to him he's

confident

my love was let down again

once again i was looking for love and i

didn't find it and you can't bear that

in the long run

pope benedict wanted to ensure there'd

be no further leaks so he ordered an

investigation into the power struggles

and various networks at play in the

vatican

the result was a 300-page dossier

after the college of cardinals elected a

new pope

pope francis

pope benedict informed pope francis

about the matter in a confidential

conversation during their first meeting

he then also gave him the dossier since

he's supposed to know its contents and

can do with it what he thinks is right

that he thought perhaps this would sort

of make it a little better if he was

officially handing it to the next pope

do you see what i mean

saving his image or something because i

mean what on earth well why

incomprehensible

i mean get down to it the two of you and

settled this sensibly you both got

major

positions in the world um

what's all this about

i still wonder what does it say what's

in this thing after all this is about

the courier

just reflect back on the beginning of

the 20th century when you had

on the european continent

three royal families running the show

the romanovs in russia

the whole enzolins in germany and the

hapsburgs in the austro-hungarian empire

where the the leadership of all three of

those

was real they were real emperors and

real kings and they have real czar and

they really had power

however what they failed to see

was that this power

was useless and they weren't responding

to the real needs of their people who no

longer were going to remain silent

and in some ways there's an analogy with

the institutional catholic church which

is another absolute monarchy benedict

symbolized the catholic church as

monarchy and he hoped that it would be a

successful effective form of government

but it isn't

at the second vatican council in the

1960s josef ratzinger set out to

reinvigorate the church and restore its

standing in people's lives

by the end of his time as pope

he was confronted with a church in an

utter moral crisis

the

identity

intelligence he was not able to follow

through with his actual intentions

one can speak of a tragedy

he did not actually achieve what he

wanted to do

[Music]

no

i have thought about it for a long time

it is

[Music]

his understanding of the papacy as well

as his personal theology and his

understanding of the world and the

church

this was a tremendous departure

no man can resign from a higher function

than he did

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[Music]

i believe that his failure is also the

failure of an era

it is not only his personal failure

rather it's the failure of an era in

which the church is once again trying to

preserve its strong friend versus foe us

versus them identity

identity how does an authoritarian

institution change to become an

institution

that can deal with people

on a level of equality

and learn to listen rather than just

command

the only country

or a popular referendum

approved same-sex marriage was ireland

which used to be catholic plus

and that had to have said something very

clearly and loudly

to the

ruling structure of the catholic church

not just in ireland but in in rome as

well

when i grew up

as a young person

irish people worshipped the pope

and it was a perfect example of that

when john paul came

it was

extraordinary the response

irish people even catholic people

are much more challenging and much more

questioning now than they were before

and this

automatic

adulation of popes

is gone

that's a massive change in a generation

ah

[Music]

[Music]

bye

uh

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[Music]

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you