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Summer in the polar regions
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00:00:41,917 --> 00:00:43,919
and the sun never sets.
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00:00:46,129 --> 00:00:50,008
Imagine a single day
that lasts for months.
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00:00:53,762 --> 00:00:57,140
Some polar animals
will face great challenges
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00:00:57,266 --> 00:01:00,102
as their ice world vanishes around them.
6
00:01:02,813 --> 00:01:06,191
Others must use
this special time wisely,
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00:01:06,316 --> 00:01:09,528
for summer's riches will not last.
8
00:01:38,098 --> 00:01:42,978
The summer is just beginning
and the increasing power of the sun
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00:01:43,103 --> 00:01:46,857
is creating a spectacular new landscape.
10
00:01:55,407 --> 00:02:01,038
This melting ice sheet in the Arctic
is 150 miles long
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00:02:01,163 --> 00:02:03,624
with a thousand waterfalls.
12
00:02:09,338 --> 00:02:15,719
Vast expanses of ice that were
once stone-still have come to life.
13
00:02:41,370 --> 00:02:46,500
The polar bear's world is melting away
under the constant summer sun.
14
00:02:56,176 --> 00:02:58,595
As the season advances,
15
00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:02,266
the frozen surface of the ocean
disintegrates.
16
00:03:02,391 --> 00:03:06,103
Soon, the ice here
will have totally vanished.
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00:03:16,029 --> 00:03:20,868
The polar bear family have to adapt
to their rapidly changing home.
18
00:03:27,958 --> 00:03:32,421
For the two cubs,
this is a whole new watery world.
19
00:03:32,838 --> 00:03:36,466
It's the first time they have seen
the sea-ice break up.
20
00:03:43,432 --> 00:03:45,434
They're only six months old
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00:03:45,559 --> 00:03:49,438
and will be dependent on their mother
for another two years.
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00:03:54,276 --> 00:03:56,778
They have much to learn.
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00:04:05,746 --> 00:04:07,956
Their first swimming lesson,
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00:04:09,249 --> 00:04:12,002
and they're not sure that they want it.
25
00:04:23,222 --> 00:04:26,975
For their mother,
swimming is second nature.
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00:04:30,187 --> 00:04:35,651
But the cubs still prefer to have ice
beneath their feet whenever they can.
27
00:04:47,704 --> 00:04:51,959
Soon, it will be impossible
to avoid the water.
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00:04:57,548 --> 00:05:01,093
This lone male has lived through
a dozen summers
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00:05:01,218 --> 00:05:03,804
and is perfectly at home in the sea.
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00:05:10,394 --> 00:05:13,230
He can swim up to 50 miles a day.
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00:05:15,482 --> 00:05:20,362
He's hungry and he's searching
this ice maze for seals.
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00:05:30,789 --> 00:05:35,335
But travelling across this
increasingly fragile ice-scape
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00:05:35,460 --> 00:05:39,339
is hard work for an animal
weighing over half a ton.
34
00:05:52,895 --> 00:05:56,857
It's also harder to hunt
when you have to swim.
35
00:05:58,066 --> 00:06:02,029
In open water,
the odds are in the seals' favor.
36
00:06:22,591 --> 00:06:25,719
Lean months lie ahead
for the polar bears.
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00:06:25,844 --> 00:06:31,517
They will have to adopt new
hunting strategies or risk starvation.
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00:06:37,606 --> 00:06:41,360
The northern part of the earth
is now tilting towards the sun
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00:06:41,485 --> 00:06:46,114
and all around the Arctic
the sea-ice continues its retreat.
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00:06:56,458 --> 00:07:02,214
The last remnants of the ice-world
drift with the wind and the tides.
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00:07:23,652 --> 00:07:27,364
The sun's heat may be gentle
at these latitudes,
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00:07:27,489 --> 00:07:30,826
but it is continuous for 24 hours a day
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00:07:30,951 --> 00:07:34,621
and it carves the ice
into magical shapes.
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00:07:51,388 --> 00:07:56,476
Those that need ice have to visit
the glacier fronts to find it.
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00:08:02,107 --> 00:08:05,152
A comfortable bed is hard to come by.
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00:08:15,412 --> 00:08:20,042
A polar bear's fur is so dense
that water is easily shaken off.
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00:08:27,007 --> 00:08:30,427
And ice absorbs water like a towel.
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00:08:52,991 --> 00:08:54,493
That's better!
49
00:08:58,497 --> 00:09:01,333
There's now little chance
of catching seals
50
00:09:01,458 --> 00:09:05,087
and this bear may not eat again
until the end of summer.
51
00:09:09,591 --> 00:09:13,303
It's better to save energy
and doze in the sun.
52
00:09:23,856 --> 00:09:29,945
The warmth of the sun's rays is now
bringing the Arctic lands back to life.
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00:10:31,757 --> 00:10:33,759
Red phalaropes.
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00:10:33,842 --> 00:10:36,345
They've flown all the way
from the tropics
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00:10:36,470 --> 00:10:39,640
to feed in these rich Arctic waters.
56
00:10:40,182 --> 00:10:43,769
They stir up the tiny creatures
that are now flourishing here
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00:10:43,894 --> 00:10:46,355
with a special spinning dance.
58
00:10:52,778 --> 00:10:57,491
All excellent fuel, as they hurry
to rear the next generation.
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00:11:01,537 --> 00:11:06,083
The Arctic terns have made an
even longer journey to breed here.
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00:11:06,166 --> 00:11:10,128
They have flown 11 ,000 miles
from the Antarctic.
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00:11:13,215 --> 00:11:16,218
Their newly hatched chicks
will need to grow fast
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00:11:16,343 --> 00:11:18,303
if they're to accompany their parents
63
00:11:18,428 --> 00:11:21,557
when they return south
in only six weeks' time.
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00:11:26,019 --> 00:11:30,524
An eider duck has chosen to nest
in the center of the tern colony,
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00:11:30,649 --> 00:11:33,861
hardly a tranquil place
to raise your young.
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00:11:38,073 --> 00:11:42,119
But the noisy neighbors
have a feisty attitude to life
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00:11:42,244 --> 00:11:44,538
and that can be very valuable.
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00:11:57,926 --> 00:12:00,387
A hungry bear looking for a meal
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00:12:00,512 --> 00:12:04,308
can destroy hundreds of nests
in a single raid.
70
00:12:04,892 --> 00:12:08,187
Defensive squadrons of terns
take off immediately.
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00:12:16,820 --> 00:12:19,948
Sharp beaks stab down from above.
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00:12:20,073 --> 00:12:23,952
The bear has nothing in his armory
that can cope with this.
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00:12:40,469 --> 00:12:43,972
The terns have drawn blood
from his muzzle.
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00:12:53,857 --> 00:12:57,110
He leaves, in search of an easier meal.
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00:13:01,406 --> 00:13:05,369
The eiders survive
thanks to their choice of neighbors.
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00:13:13,168 --> 00:13:16,380
And the ducklings begin
their sprint to maturity.
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00:13:21,385 --> 00:13:23,554
Fishing continues around the clock
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00:13:23,679 --> 00:13:28,392
as the terns race to rear their young
before the return of the freeze.
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00:13:38,735 --> 00:13:43,782
So the rich waters of summer
fuel the breeding of all these visitors
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00:13:44,283 --> 00:13:47,327
and enable them to build up
the reserves they will need
81
00:13:47,452 --> 00:13:49,955
for the long return journey south.
82
00:14:03,427 --> 00:14:09,349
Inland, the winter snows have gone,
revealing a vast, treeless wilderness.
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00:14:17,441 --> 00:14:22,821
The male snowy owl is finding
plenty of lemmings to bring to his mate.
84
00:14:27,743 --> 00:14:29,995
But they're not just for her.
85
00:14:38,462 --> 00:14:41,548
She is brooding their
rather scruffy young.
86
00:14:43,926 --> 00:14:46,553
She tears the meal
into beak-sized chunks
87
00:14:46,678 --> 00:14:49,181
that the owlets can swallow whole.
88
00:14:49,515 --> 00:14:52,351
Each of them can eat two lemmings a day.
89
00:15:03,487 --> 00:15:05,948
The male has no time to rest.
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00:15:06,073 --> 00:15:09,535
Over the course of the summer,
he will have to provide his family
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00:15:09,660 --> 00:15:12,287
with over a thousand lemmings.
92
00:15:15,541 --> 00:15:19,336
The hungry owlets keep the adults
working around the clock.
93
00:15:23,298 --> 00:15:27,594
The arctic summer may be short
but the days are long.
94
00:15:29,346 --> 00:15:33,225
Everyone must take advantage
of the 24-hour daylight,
95
00:15:33,350 --> 00:15:36,144
none more so than
the owls' tiny neighbors,
96
00:15:36,270 --> 00:15:38,647
the Lapland buntings.
97
00:15:54,079 --> 00:15:57,124
Both parents feed their growing family
continuously.
98
00:16:09,261 --> 00:16:11,972
A mere 10 days after hatching
99
00:16:12,097 --> 00:16:15,267
and they will all have left
in record time.
100
00:16:19,438 --> 00:16:21,982
The last needs a little encouragement.
101
00:16:31,366 --> 00:16:34,077
The owlets have also left their nest
102
00:16:34,203 --> 00:16:37,706
and turned into
football-sized balls of fluff.
103
00:16:37,831 --> 00:16:42,294
But they still depend on their parents
for food and protection.
104
00:16:48,467 --> 00:16:49,676
A skua.
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00:16:51,178 --> 00:16:54,097
Their mother's talons
are her best weapons.
106
00:17:18,539 --> 00:17:22,042
The owlets are dangerously exposed
out on the tundra,
107
00:17:22,167 --> 00:17:25,087
so they must hurry to change
from balls of fluff
108
00:17:25,212 --> 00:17:27,381
to fully-feathered adults.
109
00:17:27,506 --> 00:17:31,051
And to do that they need more lemmings.
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00:17:41,562 --> 00:17:44,523
A lemming doesn't last long these days.
111
00:17:54,324 --> 00:17:58,787
Times are harder for the wolves here
in the high Arctic.
112
00:18:15,179 --> 00:18:19,474
The cubs are now six weeks old
and increasingly hungry.
113
00:18:32,112 --> 00:18:36,200
The adults have to struggle
to feed their growing family.
114
00:18:41,997 --> 00:18:45,083
Somewhere on this vast
expanse of tundra
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00:18:45,167 --> 00:18:47,836
there must be larger prey.
116
00:19:00,474 --> 00:19:03,560
Musk oxen are on the move.
117
00:19:10,859 --> 00:19:14,530
They're heading into the valleys,
where the brief summer rains
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00:19:14,613 --> 00:19:16,698
will produce fresh grazing.
119
00:19:28,877 --> 00:19:31,505
This is an opportunity
that must be seized,
120
00:19:31,630 --> 00:19:34,716
even if it means travelling
80 miles in a day.
121
00:19:44,852 --> 00:19:47,187
Their task is a formidable one.
122
00:19:49,606 --> 00:19:52,317
Musk oxen are immensely powerful
123
00:19:53,193 --> 00:19:55,404
and their sharp horns can kill.
124
00:20:05,330 --> 00:20:09,376
A heavily armored bull
would be an unwise choice.
125
00:20:10,085 --> 00:20:14,173
Even two wolves would find it
a struggle to bring it down.
126
00:20:22,139 --> 00:20:23,390
A calf.
127
00:20:25,225 --> 00:20:26,643
Much easier.
128
00:20:49,082 --> 00:20:53,795
The two wolves work together to split
the herd and isolate their victim.
129
00:21:15,567 --> 00:21:19,488
It seems that the wolf cubs
will at last eat well.
130
00:21:24,701 --> 00:21:26,620
But the herd regroups.
131
00:21:35,587 --> 00:21:38,006
The cavalry ride to the rescue.
132
00:21:43,720 --> 00:21:48,392
The whole herd encircles the calf
with a protective wall of horns.
133
00:21:53,730 --> 00:21:57,985
For the musk oxen,
it's all for one and one for all.
134
00:22:12,666 --> 00:22:18,297
For the wolves, another attack
would be not only futile but dangerous.
135
00:22:21,675 --> 00:22:23,677
They have spent a lot of energy
136
00:22:23,802 --> 00:22:26,430
and have nothing whatever
to show for it.
137
00:22:41,778 --> 00:22:46,658
Their failure will be felt
most keenly back at the den.
138
00:23:00,172 --> 00:23:03,217
They have nothing to take back
to the family.
139
00:23:24,696 --> 00:23:29,284
The pack are forced to move on
in search of better hunting.
140
00:23:35,624 --> 00:23:37,918
They must find something soon
141
00:23:38,043 --> 00:23:41,755
in this vast wilderness
to feed their growing family.
142
00:23:44,216 --> 00:23:47,344
The brief Arctic summer is almost over.
143
00:24:07,573 --> 00:24:13,036
At the southern end of the planet,
the long summer days transform life,
144
00:24:13,161 --> 00:24:18,166
just as they do in the north,
but the cast here is very different.
145
00:24:26,800 --> 00:24:28,343
King penguins.
146
00:24:30,262 --> 00:24:35,350
A parent, returning with food,
must recognize its chick's call
147
00:24:35,475 --> 00:24:39,229
amongst a chorus of 400,000 birds.
148
00:25:02,961 --> 00:25:05,130
Huge colonies like this one
149
00:25:05,255 --> 00:25:09,051
are found all along the north coast
of South Georgia.
150
00:25:13,597 --> 00:25:17,184
King penguins are active
throughout the long summer days,
151
00:25:17,309 --> 00:25:21,522
so they have to deal with
an uncharacteristic polar problem.
152
00:25:31,949 --> 00:25:37,454
By midday, the temperature can reach
a sizzling 17 degrees centigrade.
153
00:25:42,084 --> 00:25:45,003
Any effort can lead to overheating.
154
00:25:45,462 --> 00:25:48,590
It's best not to overexert oneself.
155
00:25:52,219 --> 00:25:55,347
The heavily insulated penguins
stretch out
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00:25:55,472 --> 00:25:58,308
so their naked feet
can cool in the breeze.
157
00:26:11,530 --> 00:26:14,658
Their gigantic neighbors
use a different approach.
158
00:26:15,325 --> 00:26:19,663
Wet sand cools the backs
of these elephant seals
159
00:26:19,788 --> 00:26:22,416
and also acts as a sunscreen.
160
00:26:32,509 --> 00:26:36,263
The chicks, in their downy coats
that have kept them warm all winter,
161
00:26:36,388 --> 00:26:39,516
are in even greater danger
of overheating.
162
00:26:57,201 --> 00:27:00,204
It will be two months
before they can swim properly,
163
00:27:00,329 --> 00:27:03,916
but a dip in the shallow river
brings a little relief.
164
00:27:23,101 --> 00:27:27,189
There is, however, another way
to cool the blood.
165
00:27:31,568 --> 00:27:36,365
This murky pool has become
a penguin spa.
166
00:27:44,289 --> 00:27:49,044
It's a great way to cool the feet,
but there is no reason to stop there.
167
00:27:49,169 --> 00:27:52,965
You can indulge yourself
with the full treatment.
168
00:28:08,438 --> 00:28:10,941
Mud, glorious mud!
169
00:28:25,497 --> 00:28:27,249
For the fully feathered adults,
170
00:28:27,374 --> 00:28:30,335
there's a cleaner,
more invigorating option.
171
00:28:36,466 --> 00:28:39,887
The bracing waters
of the Southern Ocean.
172
00:29:45,536 --> 00:29:49,456
The 100-mile long island
of South Georgia
173
00:29:49,581 --> 00:29:52,835
lies on the northern fringe
of Antarctica.
174
00:30:01,760 --> 00:30:05,055
Ice-free all year,
its rich coastal waters
175
00:30:05,180 --> 00:30:09,518
make it a popular breeding destination
for all beach lovers.
176
00:30:19,528 --> 00:30:25,868
In summer, 95% of the world's population
of Antarctic fur seals come here.
177
00:30:28,036 --> 00:30:29,329
Packed tightly together,
178
00:30:29,454 --> 00:30:33,792
they form one of the densest
gatherings of marine mammals on Earth.
179
00:30:38,505 --> 00:30:41,884
The island's beaches are filling fast
and will soon be crammed
180
00:30:42,009 --> 00:30:45,804
with five million
of these summer visitors.
181
00:30:48,140 --> 00:30:53,061
Space is at a premium, as every female
needs a dry patch of sand
182
00:30:53,187 --> 00:30:56,064
the size of a beach towel for herself.
183
00:31:03,947 --> 00:31:06,116
And for good reason.
184
00:31:12,497 --> 00:31:17,669
Virtually all of them give birth
within just 10 days.
185
00:31:31,475 --> 00:31:35,229
It's crucial to establish
a strong bond with your baby
186
00:31:35,354 --> 00:31:37,564
in such a crowded colony.
187
00:31:46,323 --> 00:31:50,077
The pups grow quickly on rich,
high-fat milk.
188
00:32:00,963 --> 00:32:04,550
After giving birth,
the females are ready to mate,
189
00:32:04,675 --> 00:32:09,429
so each male guards up to 15 of them
in his small patch of beach.
190
00:32:10,222 --> 00:32:15,102
A bull may only hold a territory
for one season in his entire life.
191
00:32:16,937 --> 00:32:21,733
So, when a challenger arrives,
he will risk everything to retain it.
192
00:32:56,643 --> 00:32:59,688
Their sharp teeth
inflict terrible injuries.
193
00:33:16,371 --> 00:33:20,292
Many bulls die from exhaustion
after these fights.
194
00:33:25,964 --> 00:33:30,135
In the heat of the battle,
the pups are also in real danger.
195
00:33:48,487 --> 00:33:51,073
The defeated bull makes his escape,
196
00:33:51,198 --> 00:33:55,327
but the colony still suffers
from the side-effects of the battle.
197
00:34:03,836 --> 00:34:07,923
Many of the pups get lost
in the violence and confusion.
198
00:34:46,461 --> 00:34:49,506
This time, there is a happy ending.
199
00:34:59,308 --> 00:35:00,851
As summer progresses,
200
00:35:00,976 --> 00:35:04,855
even more of the Southern Ocean
is gradually opening up.
201
00:35:13,697 --> 00:35:16,408
The summer melt, as it moves south,
202
00:35:16,533 --> 00:35:19,578
arrives first
at the Antarctic Peninsula,
203
00:35:19,703 --> 00:35:22,456
the most northern tip of the continent.
204
00:35:26,293 --> 00:35:30,672
As the ice retreats,
a dramatic 500-mile-long coastline
205
00:35:30,797 --> 00:35:34,718
is revealed for the first time
in seven months.
206
00:35:42,226 --> 00:35:47,898
This new seascape is home to one of
the most numerous mammals on the planet.
207
00:35:50,943 --> 00:35:52,402
Crabeater seals,
208
00:35:52,528 --> 00:35:56,907
over 15 million live here
amongst the drifting ice floes.
209
00:36:08,460 --> 00:36:12,381
They owe their existence here
to living organisms so small
210
00:36:12,506 --> 00:36:14,007
you might hardly notice them.
211
00:36:17,845 --> 00:36:22,307
The underside of the sea-ice
is stained by algae.
212
00:36:23,225 --> 00:36:25,602
These microscopic plants
213
00:36:25,686 --> 00:36:29,273
support the most important
Antarctic creatures of all.
214
00:36:31,608 --> 00:36:32,776
Krill.
215
00:36:34,695 --> 00:36:38,866
They have been grazing on
the algal layer throughout the winter.
216
00:36:40,784 --> 00:36:45,330
As the ice melts, more of the algae
are released into the water.
217
00:36:48,458 --> 00:36:52,546
Both algae and krill flourish
in the summer sun.
218
00:36:59,344 --> 00:37:03,182
The krill collect the algae
in the sieve-like basket
219
00:37:03,265 --> 00:37:07,102
formed by the interlocking hairs
between their front legs.
220
00:37:16,361 --> 00:37:21,491
There are 300 million tons of krill
in the Southern Ocean,
221
00:37:22,034 --> 00:37:26,955
with a greater combined weight than that
of any other animal on the planet.
222
00:37:32,628 --> 00:37:36,590
Almost all the animals of the Antarctic
depend on krill,
223
00:37:37,466 --> 00:37:40,052
including its giants.
224
00:37:41,845 --> 00:37:43,514
Humpback whales.
225
00:37:54,441 --> 00:37:57,694
They drive the krill to the surface
226
00:37:57,819 --> 00:38:02,824
and then strain it from the water
with the baleen sieves in their mouths.
227
00:38:20,676 --> 00:38:25,973
Humpbacks often feed in teams,
so the overspill from one huge mouth
228
00:38:26,098 --> 00:38:28,725
can be collected by another just behind.
229
00:39:05,971 --> 00:39:09,349
The abundance of krill
attracts other visitors
230
00:39:09,433 --> 00:39:11,810
to the peninsula in the summer.
231
00:39:13,812 --> 00:39:16,481
Antarctic minke whales.
232
00:39:17,357 --> 00:39:23,363
Their pointed heads and short dorsal
fins give them speed and endurance.
233
00:39:30,871 --> 00:39:33,040
And they need both.
234
00:39:40,839 --> 00:39:43,300
There are other whales here, too.
235
00:39:46,178 --> 00:39:47,429
Killers!
236
00:39:54,228 --> 00:39:57,856
This is an extended family
of mothers and their young.
237
00:40:00,692 --> 00:40:06,490
And a male with a huge dorsal fin
almost two meters high.
238
00:40:18,585 --> 00:40:20,879
A lone minke whale.
239
00:40:27,010 --> 00:40:30,806
It's just what this group
of killer whales are looking for.
240
00:40:33,851 --> 00:40:37,437
Working as a team,
as they have done for decades,
241
00:40:37,521 --> 00:40:41,275
they fan out across the strait
in search of their quarry.
242
00:40:52,578 --> 00:40:54,246
And they've found it.
243
00:40:54,371 --> 00:40:59,209
The minke races away,
pursued by outriders on each flank.
244
00:41:29,364 --> 00:41:32,201
Terrified, the minke
heads for the shore.
245
00:41:34,077 --> 00:41:38,498
It's so desperate to escape
it almost beaches itself.
246
00:41:48,842 --> 00:41:51,678
It makes a desperate break for freedom.
247
00:42:01,897 --> 00:42:04,399
Two hours and 20 miles later,
248
00:42:04,525 --> 00:42:07,611
the minke is still alive
and swimming strongly.
249
00:42:09,279 --> 00:42:12,824
It's only real defense is its endurance.
250
00:42:13,408 --> 00:42:15,244
But the killers work as a team,
251
00:42:15,369 --> 00:42:18,664
with fresh ones replacing
the outriders in relays.
252
00:42:32,511 --> 00:42:38,058
And as the minke tires,
the battering and the biting begins.
253
00:42:52,155 --> 00:42:56,910
Sea birds are attracted by the smell
of fresh blood rising from the water.
254
00:43:16,555 --> 00:43:19,349
The killers try to flip the minke over.
255
00:43:19,474 --> 00:43:22,728
If they can manage to keep
its blowhole underwater,
256
00:43:22,811 --> 00:43:24,605
it will drown.
257
00:43:29,234 --> 00:43:33,864
One forces the minke's whole body
down below the surface.
258
00:43:50,047 --> 00:43:52,549
And then, the final strike.
259
00:43:57,346 --> 00:44:00,933
The team drag the minke under
for the last time
260
00:44:01,350 --> 00:44:04,311
and the hunters, finally, can feed.
261
00:44:21,828 --> 00:44:25,541
As the summer advances,
the most southerly stretches
262
00:44:25,666 --> 00:44:29,336
of the Antarctic Ocean
are released from the ice.
263
00:44:39,346 --> 00:44:42,933
Adélie penguins have been
feeding in the open ocean.
264
00:44:55,863 --> 00:44:58,240
The most southerly of all penguins,
265
00:44:58,365 --> 00:45:00,868
they're returning
to the Antarctic continent
266
00:45:00,993 --> 00:45:03,287
with stomachs full of krill.
267
00:45:57,633 --> 00:46:02,971
The sea-ice has finally retreated
all the way back to the beach,
268
00:46:03,096 --> 00:46:07,643
so the walk back to the colony
is as short as it will ever be,
269
00:46:08,519 --> 00:46:11,104
crucial for the half million
penguins here
270
00:46:11,230 --> 00:46:15,526
who are hurrying to raise their chicks
before the freeze returns.
271
00:46:19,238 --> 00:46:22,699
Most of the pairs have two chicks
to care for.
272
00:46:25,744 --> 00:46:31,124
Each chick requires nearly 30 kilograms
of food before it's fully grown.
273
00:46:35,921 --> 00:46:37,965
Most of their catch is krill
274
00:46:38,090 --> 00:46:41,134
and Adélie penguins consume a staggering
275
00:46:41,260 --> 00:46:44,388
one and a half million tons of it
a year.
276
00:46:52,771 --> 00:46:56,733
There are no land-based predators
in Antarctica.
277
00:46:59,361 --> 00:47:02,656
The threat here comes from the skies.
278
00:47:14,126 --> 00:47:16,128
A South Polar skua.
279
00:47:36,565 --> 00:47:40,194
An unguarded chick is an easy catch.
280
00:48:09,973 --> 00:48:12,309
Nothing can save the chick now.
281
00:48:30,786 --> 00:48:35,874
But now the parents can focus
all their attention on the second.
282
00:48:57,437 --> 00:49:01,567
Only half of these chicks
will survive to adulthood.
283
00:49:02,025 --> 00:49:06,572
But there are thousands more parents
with young in this huge colony.
284
00:49:09,700 --> 00:49:11,702
Parents that cannot rest,
285
00:49:11,827 --> 00:49:14,413
for their young must be fit and strong
286
00:49:14,538 --> 00:49:18,792
if they're to survive the dangers
that autumn will bring.
287
00:49:55,954 --> 00:49:58,916
In summer, the frozen oceans melt
288
00:49:59,041 --> 00:50:03,003
and the polar animals disperse
to feed amongst the broken ice.
289
00:50:05,047 --> 00:50:08,300
So, even finding them
in this vast expanse of sea
290
00:50:08,425 --> 00:50:11,553
and drifting ice floes wouldn't be easy.
291
00:50:17,643 --> 00:50:21,522
In the Arctic, the aim was to
get close to a polar bear family
292
00:50:21,647 --> 00:50:24,274
and film them in this
fast-melting world.
293
00:50:32,491 --> 00:50:37,496
Firstly, the team had to use a ship
capable of breaking through the pack ice
294
00:50:37,621 --> 00:50:41,667
around the 2,000-mile-long coastline
of Svalbard.
295
00:50:45,003 --> 00:50:48,549
Producer Miles Barton
and cameraman Ted Giffords
296
00:50:48,674 --> 00:50:53,011
are checking out fjords
known to be frequented by bears.
297
00:50:55,055 --> 00:50:56,598
We've just seen a bear
that was walking around
298
00:50:56,723 --> 00:50:58,433
in front of a glacier over there.
299
00:50:58,559 --> 00:51:01,770
We've just arrived, so this is
kind of a test more than anything,
300
00:51:01,895 --> 00:51:03,480
but we're going to go and see
if we can film it.
301
00:51:04,898 --> 00:51:08,652
We're seeing how smoothly
we can make this operation work.
302
00:51:16,618 --> 00:51:21,206
Stay on Channel Six. Can you
give me directions to the bear, please?
303
00:51:22,082 --> 00:51:25,961
The plan is that
the team's stabilized aerial camera,
304
00:51:26,086 --> 00:51:27,921
now fitted to the speedboat,
305
00:51:28,046 --> 00:51:31,592
will give perfectly stable shots
of the bear swimming.
306
00:51:32,634 --> 00:51:34,678
Spin this around
or we'll lose it.
307
00:51:34,803 --> 00:51:36,221
The fellow's over here, yeah?
308
00:51:36,346 --> 00:51:39,224
- Got him, yeah.
- I can't get any tighter.
309
00:51:39,349 --> 00:51:41,143
You shoot it?
310
00:51:44,354 --> 00:51:45,856
Wahey!
311
00:51:48,025 --> 00:51:51,820
- That's nice.
- Nice sparkle, nice liquid look.
312
00:51:51,945 --> 00:51:54,072
- Going to let him go.
- Okay, cut.
313
00:51:57,784 --> 00:51:59,786
After their initial success,
314
00:51:59,912 --> 00:52:02,289
the weather takes a turn for the worse.
315
00:52:03,749 --> 00:52:05,959
We're used to the Baja.
316
00:52:06,877 --> 00:52:11,131
For five days, there are
no more polar bears to be found.
317
00:52:13,926 --> 00:52:19,765
The captain decides to take a break
and parks up in the pack ice.
318
00:52:22,226 --> 00:52:27,648
But after all that fruitless searching
by the crew, a bear visits them.
319
00:52:32,110 --> 00:52:35,030
A large and inquisitive adult male.
320
00:52:42,079 --> 00:52:44,665
So, the team decides to follow him.
321
00:52:48,544 --> 00:52:51,213
The open water between boat and bear
322
00:52:51,338 --> 00:52:55,509
means the crew can safely film
from surprisingly close range
323
00:52:55,634 --> 00:52:57,135
without disturbing him.
324
00:52:57,261 --> 00:52:59,805
That's nice. Oops.
325
00:53:03,517 --> 00:53:05,227
The bear is so relaxed
326
00:53:05,352 --> 00:53:08,313
he even begins to hunt
right alongside them.
327
00:53:09,815 --> 00:53:12,609
He's looking for a seal inside.
328
00:53:12,734 --> 00:53:14,778
But he's just completely ignoring us.
329
00:53:14,903 --> 00:53:17,990
Just hold it there.
Just hold it there for a minute.
330
00:53:18,740 --> 00:53:21,410
He's going to climb up. Ready?
331
00:53:24,621 --> 00:53:26,832
That's a big bear.
332
00:53:31,879 --> 00:53:34,256
That's pretty good, pretty good.
333
00:53:34,882 --> 00:53:37,551
The closest we've been
to a polar bear so far.
334
00:53:39,636 --> 00:53:42,681
Despite this
remarkably close encounter,
335
00:53:43,432 --> 00:53:47,477
the team still wants to film
a family of bears.
336
00:53:47,603 --> 00:53:51,523
These female and two cubs
to starboard side.
337
00:53:51,648 --> 00:53:53,108
She's at two...
338
00:53:53,233 --> 00:53:54,818
There's good news on the radio.
339
00:53:56,111 --> 00:53:59,114
- Oh, there's a cub.
- Yeah, I've seen the cubs.
340
00:54:00,240 --> 00:54:04,494
They're looking straight at
us. Look at that. That's amazing.
341
00:54:05,037 --> 00:54:07,497
As the mother looks
distinctly hungry,
342
00:54:07,623 --> 00:54:12,544
they will need to keep at least 15 feet
of open water between her and the boat.
343
00:54:14,421 --> 00:54:16,673
Having a good look at us.
344
00:54:17,633 --> 00:54:18,884
Oh, look at them,
look at the cubs.
345
00:54:19,009 --> 00:54:21,094
- Yeah.
346
00:54:27,017 --> 00:54:29,770
Jason, just go when you need to.
347
00:54:31,313 --> 00:54:34,024
Oh, here she comes. Bloody hell.
348
00:54:36,485 --> 00:54:39,696
Mother bears are always
desperate for food for their cubs,
349
00:54:39,821 --> 00:54:42,658
so the crew could be the perfect supper.
350
00:54:44,368 --> 00:54:45,410
She's getting in.
351
00:54:45,536 --> 00:54:48,163
Oh, my God,
she's going to go in the water there.
352
00:54:48,288 --> 00:54:51,792
The 15-footgap
was just enough.
353
00:54:51,917 --> 00:54:53,710
That was amazing.
354
00:54:55,212 --> 00:54:57,130
Hands are freezing.
355
00:54:58,841 --> 00:55:02,219
- We have to go.
- Okay.
356
00:55:04,012 --> 00:55:06,348
Do you want to get
close up to the cubs?
357
00:55:06,473 --> 00:55:08,809
Still rolling. Yeah, that's cute.
358
00:55:08,934 --> 00:55:10,435
She's going in the water, okay.
359
00:55:10,561 --> 00:55:13,397
And water and then...
Stay with the cubs.
360
00:55:14,481 --> 00:55:16,942
Okay, the cubs for a nice splash.
361
00:55:19,528 --> 00:55:25,325
Go on, cubs. Yeah! Hooray!
Well done, well done.
362
00:55:26,535 --> 00:55:27,953
Great stuff.
363
00:55:29,371 --> 00:55:31,999
She looked like she wanted
to get in the boat once or twice.
364
00:55:34,501 --> 00:55:37,171
Sometimes it's quite shocking
to actually look up from the monitor
365
00:55:37,296 --> 00:55:40,507
and realize they're about
15 feet away from you.
366
00:55:40,883 --> 00:55:42,968
But a lovely family group.
367
00:55:46,930 --> 00:55:50,475
The boat-based camera
has helped to get remarkably close shots
368
00:55:50,601 --> 00:55:51,768
of the bear family.
369
00:55:51,894 --> 00:55:54,605
But how would it cope
in the more extreme conditions
370
00:55:54,730 --> 00:55:56,106
of the Southern Ocean?
371
00:56:06,283 --> 00:56:09,620
Another Frozen Planet team headed south.
372
00:56:09,745 --> 00:56:13,874
The plan is to use the same camera
system to film the hunting strategy
373
00:56:13,999 --> 00:56:18,086
of the most spectacular
marine predators in Antarctica.
374
00:56:20,589 --> 00:56:22,090
Killer whales.
375
00:56:24,593 --> 00:56:29,223
The team enlisted the help of
scientists Bob Pitman and John Durban.
376
00:56:30,349 --> 00:56:33,018
They had put satellite tags
on the whales
377
00:56:33,143 --> 00:56:36,188
and so could locate them
for the camera team.
378
00:56:38,315 --> 00:56:41,985
Doug Allan operates the camera rig
from the wheelhouse,
379
00:56:42,110 --> 00:56:44,947
while Doug Anderson films from the deck.
380
00:56:46,823 --> 00:56:50,410
- Yeah, there. See it?
- It just surfaced right with them.
381
00:56:50,536 --> 00:56:52,871
Okay, there's a killer whale
at 11 o'clock,
382
00:56:52,996 --> 00:56:56,708
about 200 meters, heading towards
those two seals on the floe.
383
00:56:56,834 --> 00:56:59,962
- Good.
- This could be really good.
384
00:57:00,420 --> 00:57:03,173
At last, having tracked
the group for several days,
385
00:57:03,298 --> 00:57:06,343
the whales look as if
they are about to hunt.
386
00:57:07,302 --> 00:57:08,846
Yeah, they're going to go in for it.
387
00:57:12,975 --> 00:57:14,726
There it goes!
388
00:57:18,272 --> 00:57:19,648
Four whales here.
389
00:57:19,773 --> 00:57:23,902
Um, two adult females,
a juvenile and a big adult male.
390
00:57:24,027 --> 00:57:25,445
Swimming in formation,
391
00:57:25,571 --> 00:57:29,575
the killers create a wave
to wash the seal off the floe.
392
00:57:30,492 --> 00:57:32,661
It's all pretty intense.
393
00:57:32,786 --> 00:57:34,204
Oh, another wave.
394
00:57:34,913 --> 00:57:35,956
- Yes, we have...
- Wave.
395
00:57:36,582 --> 00:57:41,128
- Wow!
- Yeah, he's in the water.
396
00:57:41,628 --> 00:57:43,922
Having successfully
filmed several hunts
397
00:57:44,047 --> 00:57:46,425
with the boat-based cameras from above,
398
00:57:46,550 --> 00:57:49,469
the team are keen to see
what's happening underwater.
399
00:57:51,847 --> 00:57:53,891
Only one way to find out!
400
00:57:58,020 --> 00:58:00,105
Time to launch the dinghy.
401
00:58:08,947 --> 00:58:11,617
Doug Anderson approaches
the seal and the killers
402
00:58:11,742 --> 00:58:14,411
with an underwater camera
mounted on a pole.
403
00:58:24,463 --> 00:58:30,052
For the first time, the team can see how
the whales create the killer wave.
404
00:58:30,177 --> 00:58:32,054
There it is.
405
00:58:35,265 --> 00:58:37,601
The underwater camera
also reveals
406
00:58:37,726 --> 00:58:40,604
surprisingly cautious behavior
by the whales.
407
00:58:41,647 --> 00:58:45,108
They seem wary of being bitten
by the much smaller seal.
408
00:58:47,027 --> 00:58:49,863
And they even blow bubbles
to confuse it.
409
00:58:51,281 --> 00:58:53,450
They're so cautious
with the seals.
410
00:58:53,575 --> 00:58:56,161
You know, at the end of the day,
the seal's got a big mouth full of teeth
411
00:58:56,286 --> 00:58:59,039
and these whales just don't take risks.
412
00:59:08,757 --> 00:59:10,342
Having dealt with the seal,
413
00:59:10,467 --> 00:59:13,554
the whales turn their attention
to the dinghy.
414
00:59:15,097 --> 00:59:19,184
First, they get right up close
for a better look at Doug.
415
00:59:26,567 --> 00:59:29,778
Then, they line up to create
the kind of wave
416
00:59:29,903 --> 00:59:32,030
that washed the seal off the floe.
417
00:59:32,155 --> 00:59:33,615
Oh!
418
00:59:35,909 --> 00:59:39,955
For a moment, the crew get
an uncomfortably close seal's eye view
419
00:59:40,080 --> 00:59:42,583
of this remarkable hunting strategy.
420
00:59:48,338 --> 00:59:50,299
Look at that, look.
421
00:59:50,424 --> 00:59:53,343
See that, Bob?
The juvies are making waves.
422
00:59:55,220 --> 00:59:59,224
It's a great feeling being
there, being so close to the behavior,
423
00:59:59,349 --> 01:00:02,352
actually having the water
coming into the boat.
424
01:00:02,477 --> 01:00:03,562
From our point of view, you know,
425
01:00:03,687 --> 01:00:07,608
it's all about trying to get the feeling
of being with these whales,
426
01:00:07,733 --> 01:00:11,320
and with these whales, there's no bother
with that because they're so confident.
427
01:00:11,445 --> 01:00:15,073
They just want to be all around you
and checking you out.
428
01:00:15,199 --> 01:00:16,700
I mean, I can't imagine
that I'm going to have
429
01:00:16,825 --> 01:00:18,744
another experience like this
in my career, you know.
430
01:00:18,869 --> 01:00:21,038
These come along rarely,
431
01:00:21,163 --> 01:00:24,666
and you just feel happy and lucky
when they do come.
432
01:00:26,418 --> 01:00:29,254
You just don't get
better days than that.36496
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