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1
00:00:12,346 --> 00:00:15,307
Tea trolley's going
if anybody wants some, girls.
2
00:00:33,116 --> 00:00:34,617
We need a house light.
3
00:00:46,296 --> 00:00:47,547
Cyril...
4
00:01:31,758 --> 00:01:33,634
Come on, stay quiet.
5
00:01:33,635 --> 00:01:35,094
Action.
6
00:01:35,095 --> 00:01:38,180
In the year of
sixteen hundred and nine
7
00:01:38,181 --> 00:01:41,225
science '5 light began to shine
8
00:01:41,226 --> 00:01:44,604
at padua city in a modest house
9
00:01:44,605 --> 00:01:49,525
Galileo Galilei
10
00:01:49,526 --> 00:01:51,528
set out to prove
11
00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:56,616
-the sun is still
-the earth is on the move
12
00:01:56,617 --> 00:01:58,242
the sun is still
13
00:01:58,243 --> 00:01:59,785
the earth is on the move
14
00:01:59,786 --> 00:02:03,873
The earth is on the move
15
00:02:03,874 --> 00:02:10,839
the earth is on the move
16
00:02:34,738 --> 00:02:36,280
Where did you get that thing?
17
00:02:36,281 --> 00:02:39,325
- A coachman brought it.
- Who sent it?
18
00:02:39,326 --> 00:02:40,993
It said "court of Naples."
19
00:02:40,994 --> 00:02:43,205
I don't want
their stupid presents.
20
00:02:43,955 --> 00:02:45,539
Illuminated manuscripts,
21
00:02:45,540 --> 00:02:48,209
a statue of Hercules
the size of an elephant.
22
00:02:48,210 --> 00:02:50,002
They never send money.
23
00:02:50,003 --> 00:02:53,005
But isn't this an astronomical instrument,
Mr. Galilei?
24
00:02:53,006 --> 00:02:54,882
Ooh, it's an antique, too.
25
00:02:54,883 --> 00:02:56,926
An expensive toy.
26
00:02:56,927 --> 00:02:59,220
- What's it for?
- It's a map of the sky
27
00:02:59,221 --> 00:03:02,264
according to the wise men
of ancient Greece.
28
00:03:02,265 --> 00:03:04,725
We'll try and sell it
to the university.
29
00:03:04,726 --> 00:03:06,269
They still teach it there.
30
00:03:07,562 --> 00:03:10,315
- How's it work, sir?
- Oh, it's complicated.
31
00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:13,318
I think I could understand it.
32
00:03:13,944 --> 00:03:14,944
Maybe.
33
00:03:15,821 --> 00:03:17,822
Let's begin at the beginning.
34
00:03:17,823 --> 00:03:19,032
Description?
35
00:03:20,033 --> 00:03:21,785
There are lots of metal rings.
36
00:03:23,787 --> 00:03:24,913
How many?
37
00:03:26,123 --> 00:03:27,206
Eight.
38
00:03:27,207 --> 00:03:29,333
Correct. And?
39
00:03:29,334 --> 00:03:31,127
There are words painted on them.
40
00:03:31,128 --> 00:03:32,838
What words?
41
00:03:33,004 --> 00:03:34,548
The names of the stars.
42
00:03:36,133 --> 00:03:39,802
- Such as?
- Well, here's a band with the sun on it.
43
00:03:39,803 --> 00:03:41,929
And on the inside band
is the moon.
44
00:03:41,930 --> 00:03:46,517
Those metal bands represent
eight crystal spheres,
45
00:03:46,518 --> 00:03:50,187
like huge glass globes,
one inside the other.
46
00:03:50,188 --> 00:03:52,648
The stars are supposed to be
tacked onto them.
47
00:03:52,649 --> 00:03:55,151
Spin the band
with the sun on it.
48
00:03:55,152 --> 00:03:57,319
You see the fixed ball
right in the middle?
49
00:03:57,320 --> 00:03:59,196
- Yes.
- That's the earth.
50
00:03:59,197 --> 00:04:02,283
For two thousand years,
man has chosen to believe
51
00:04:02,284 --> 00:04:06,829
that the sun and all the host of stars
revolve about him.
52
00:04:06,830 --> 00:04:10,374
The pope, the cardinals,
the princes,
53
00:04:10,375 --> 00:04:12,877
the scholars,
the merchants and the fish wives
54
00:04:12,878 --> 00:04:16,672
have all pictured themselves squatting
in the middle of an affair like that.
55
00:04:16,673 --> 00:04:18,884
- Locked up inside?
- Mm-hmm.
56
00:04:19,050 --> 00:04:22,428
- It's like a cage.
- So you felt that, too.
57
00:04:22,429 --> 00:04:25,473
But we are pulling out of
that old contraption now.
58
00:04:25,474 --> 00:04:26,724
How?
59
00:04:26,725 --> 00:04:29,226
I'd like to think
the ships began it.
60
00:04:29,227 --> 00:04:30,811
They used to hug the shore.
61
00:04:30,812 --> 00:04:32,521
Then all of a sudden,
they left the coast
62
00:04:32,522 --> 00:04:34,523
andlaunched out onto the oceans.
63
00:04:34,524 --> 00:04:36,817
All sorts of things
were set in movement,
64
00:04:36,818 --> 00:04:39,153
including the minds of men.
65
00:04:39,154 --> 00:04:41,697
It was the opening of a new age.
66
00:04:41,698 --> 00:04:44,992
In Siena,
when I was a young man,
67
00:04:44,993 --> 00:04:48,454
I saw some masons trying to lift
a block of granite.
68
00:04:48,455 --> 00:04:52,750
After talking it over
for just five minutes,
69
00:04:52,751 --> 00:04:56,754
they ditched a method
that had been in use for centuries...
70
00:04:56,755 --> 00:05:00,925
And found a new, more efficient way
of applying the ropes.
71
00:05:00,926 --> 00:05:05,137
I remember thinking then,
the millennium of faith is ended.
72
00:05:05,138 --> 00:05:07,264
This is the millennium of doubt.
73
00:05:07,265 --> 00:05:09,475
Everything is called in doubt
today.
74
00:05:09,476 --> 00:05:12,812
Everybody at last wants to know
why's this? How's that?
75
00:05:12,813 --> 00:05:15,982
That's what the books say,
but let's see for ourselves!
76
00:05:17,734 --> 00:05:20,444
I predict that in our time,
77
00:05:20,445 --> 00:05:23,989
astronomy will become
the talk of the marketplace
78
00:05:23,990 --> 00:05:28,160
and that the sons of fishwives
will go to school.
79
00:05:28,161 --> 00:05:33,624
And with any luck, they'll learn that
the earth rolls 'round the sun
80
00:05:33,625 --> 00:05:37,086
and that the pope,
the cardinals, the princes,
81
00:05:37,087 --> 00:05:40,339
the scholars, the merchants
and the fishwives,
82
00:05:40,340 --> 00:05:43,385
their mothers
are rolling with it.
83
00:05:45,929 --> 00:05:48,806
The stars must now positively
84
00:05:48,807 --> 00:05:52,601
be regarded as spinning rocks
hurdling through darkness.
85
00:05:52,602 --> 00:05:55,563
It seems clear
the star we live on
86
00:05:55,564 --> 00:05:57,481
moves at an inconceivable speed.
87
00:05:57,482 --> 00:05:59,483
But are we frightened? No.
88
00:05:59,484 --> 00:06:01,277
We are in favor.
89
00:06:01,278 --> 00:06:03,153
What does the poet say, Andrea?
90
00:06:03,154 --> 00:06:06,657
- "Oh, early morning..."
- "Oh, early morning of beginnings,
91
00:06:06,658 --> 00:06:09,452
oh, breath of winds
that cometh from new shores."
92
00:06:11,121 --> 00:06:13,163
But I can see with my own eyes
93
00:06:13,164 --> 00:06:15,958
that the sun comes up
in one place in the morning
94
00:06:15,959 --> 00:06:19,211
and goes down in a different
place in the evening.
95
00:06:19,212 --> 00:06:21,797
It doesn't stand still.
I can see it.
96
00:06:21,798 --> 00:06:23,841
You see nothing.
All you do is gawk.
97
00:06:23,842 --> 00:06:25,385
Gawking is not seeing.
98
00:06:27,262 --> 00:06:29,222
Now, there's the sun.
99
00:06:36,396 --> 00:06:38,314
Sit down.
100
00:06:38,315 --> 00:06:40,357
Where is the sun?
On your right or on your left?
101
00:06:40,358 --> 00:06:42,484
- On my left.
- And how could it get to the right?
102
00:06:42,485 --> 00:06:43,986
By your putting it there,
of course.
103
00:06:43,987 --> 00:06:45,405
Of course.
104
00:06:47,073 --> 00:06:49,116
- Now where's the sun?
- On my right.
105
00:06:49,117 --> 00:06:51,035
- And did it move?
- No, I did.
106
00:06:51,036 --> 00:06:53,537
Wrong, stupid. The chair moved.
107
00:06:53,538 --> 00:06:55,247
- But I was on it.
- Of course.
108
00:06:55,248 --> 00:06:57,876
The chair is the earth,
and you are sitting on it.
109
00:07:01,463 --> 00:07:05,507
What are you doing with my son,
Mr. Galilei?
110
00:07:05,508 --> 00:07:10,179
- Mother, you don't understand.
- And I supposed you do.
111
00:07:10,180 --> 00:07:11,722
Last night, he tried to tell me
112
00:07:11,723 --> 00:07:14,475
a feather falls as fast
as a cannonball.
113
00:07:14,476 --> 00:07:17,853
We seem to be on the threshold
of a new era, Mrs. Sarti.
114
00:07:17,854 --> 00:07:20,814
Well, I hope we can pay the milkman
in this new era.
115
00:07:20,815 --> 00:07:23,067
A young gentleman is here
to take private lessons,
116
00:07:23,068 --> 00:07:27,154
and he's well-dressed, so don't
frighten him away like you did the others.
117
00:07:27,155 --> 00:07:30,240
Wasting your time with Andrea.
118
00:07:30,241 --> 00:07:34,788
How many times have I told you not to
wheedle free lessons out of Mr. Galilei?
119
00:07:35,538 --> 00:07:37,957
He can't afford it.
120
00:07:37,958 --> 00:07:41,628
Could I finish my milk
even if it isn't paid for?
121
00:07:45,674 --> 00:07:49,885
Andrea, I shouldn't talk
about our ideas outside.
122
00:07:49,886 --> 00:07:53,097
- Why not?
- Certain authorities won't like it.
123
00:07:53,098 --> 00:07:55,349
Why not if it's the truth?
124
00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:57,726
The universe
of the new astronomers
125
00:07:57,727 --> 00:08:01,647
is still not much more
than a framework of guesses.
126
00:08:01,648 --> 00:08:03,023
So...
127
00:08:03,024 --> 00:08:05,026
I want to be an astronomer.
128
00:08:07,988 --> 00:08:09,989
This house
is like a marketplace!
129
00:08:09,990 --> 00:08:12,784
Good morning, sir.
My name is ludovico marsili.
130
00:08:15,203 --> 00:08:17,664
Hmm. Hold it.
131
00:08:21,376 --> 00:08:25,671
Mm. You came by way of Holland.
132
00:08:25,672 --> 00:08:29,717
And your family owns property
in the campagna.
133
00:08:29,718 --> 00:08:31,802
Private lessons,
ten scudi a month.
134
00:08:31,803 --> 00:08:33,095
That's all right,
of course, sir.
135
00:08:33,096 --> 00:08:35,389
- What's your subject?
- Horses.
136
00:08:35,390 --> 00:08:37,892
Oh, in that case,
15 scudi a month.
137
00:08:38,059 --> 00:08:39,227
That's all right.
138
00:08:41,271 --> 00:08:42,397
Andrea.
139
00:08:45,275 --> 00:08:48,110
You'll have to be patient
with me, sir.
140
00:08:48,111 --> 00:08:50,654
Science makes no sense to me.
141
00:08:50,655 --> 00:08:53,198
Take that tube affair
I saw in Amsterdam.
142
00:08:53,199 --> 00:08:57,077
It had a green leather casing
and two pieces of glass, one at each end.
143
00:08:57,078 --> 00:09:00,665
One bulged
and the other was like... was like that.
144
00:09:02,375 --> 00:09:06,880
As far as I can see, one reduces,
the other enlarges.
145
00:09:07,047 --> 00:09:09,339
Any normal person would expect them
to cancel each other out,
146
00:09:09,340 --> 00:09:10,632
but they didn't.
147
00:09:10,633 --> 00:09:12,843
Things look five times as large as life.
148
00:09:12,844 --> 00:09:15,679
What sort of things
did they enlarge?
149
00:09:15,680 --> 00:09:19,725
Church steeples, pigeons, boats,
anything at a distance.
150
00:09:19,726 --> 00:09:22,729
- Did you look through it yourself?
- Yes, sir.
151
00:09:23,938 --> 00:09:24,938
Hmm.
152
00:09:28,485 --> 00:09:32,864
The tube... had two lenses.
153
00:09:35,200 --> 00:09:37,910
- Was it like this?
- Yes, but...
154
00:09:37,911 --> 00:09:40,913
- A recent invention?
- It must be.
155
00:09:40,914 --> 00:09:44,417
They only started peddling it on the
streets a few days before I left Holland.
156
00:09:45,668 --> 00:09:48,420
Hmm. Why...
157
00:09:48,421 --> 00:09:51,298
Why do you bother your head
with science?
158
00:09:51,299 --> 00:09:54,343
Why don't you just breed horses?
159
00:09:54,344 --> 00:09:56,845
My mother says science
is necessary nowadays.
160
00:09:56,846 --> 00:09:58,097
For conversation.
161
00:09:58,098 --> 00:10:02,185
Why not try Latin or theology?
162
00:10:09,734 --> 00:10:11,653
I'll see you
on Tuesday afternoon.
163
00:10:12,946 --> 00:10:15,490
- Thank you, sir.
- Good morning.
164
00:10:24,165 --> 00:10:26,834
Don't look at me like that.
165
00:10:26,835 --> 00:10:28,253
I took him, didn't I?
166
00:10:29,921 --> 00:10:32,923
I caught your eye just in time.
167
00:10:32,924 --> 00:10:35,468
The treasurer of the university
is here to see you.
168
00:10:36,886 --> 00:10:38,346
Mr. Priuli?
169
00:10:43,059 --> 00:10:46,562
- Good morning, Mr. Galilei.
- Good morning, priuli.
170
00:10:46,563 --> 00:10:48,481
Lend me a scudo.
171
00:10:57,949 --> 00:11:00,159
Sarti, give this to Andrea.
172
00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:04,037
Tell him to run to the spectacle maker
and bring me two lenses.
173
00:11:04,038 --> 00:11:05,707
Here are the measurements.
174
00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:13,131
Now, Mr. Galilei...
175
00:11:14,841 --> 00:11:18,844
I have come to return your petition
for an increase in salary.
176
00:11:18,845 --> 00:11:23,266
Unfortunately, I am unable
to recommend your request.
177
00:11:23,892 --> 00:11:26,310
My dear sir,
178
00:11:26,311 --> 00:11:30,898
how can I be expected
to make ends meet on 500 scudi?
179
00:11:30,899 --> 00:11:34,193
What about
your private students?
180
00:11:34,194 --> 00:11:37,363
If all I spend my time teaching,
when am I to learn?
181
00:11:38,573 --> 00:11:39,907
My particular science
182
00:11:39,908 --> 00:11:43,285
is on the threshold
of important discoveries.
183
00:11:43,286 --> 00:11:46,496
Here are my findings
on the laws of falling bodies.
184
00:11:46,497 --> 00:11:48,916
That should be worth
200 scudi more.
185
00:11:48,917 --> 00:11:52,252
Any paper of yours is of infinite worth,
Mr. Galilei.
186
00:11:52,253 --> 00:11:54,671
I was limiting it to 200.
187
00:11:54,672 --> 00:11:57,841
If you want money
and leisure, go to Florence.
188
00:11:57,842 --> 00:12:00,637
I have no doubt that medici
would be glad to subsidize you.
189
00:12:02,055 --> 00:12:03,805
Eventually, however,
190
00:12:03,806 --> 00:12:06,893
you will be forbidden to think
in the name of the inquisition.
191
00:12:08,394 --> 00:12:12,481
Now, you... you're happy here
in the republic of venice.
192
00:12:12,482 --> 00:12:15,151
But you need money.
It's only human.
193
00:12:16,319 --> 00:12:19,614
May I suggest a simple solution?
194
00:12:21,908 --> 00:12:24,619
Our city elders are businessmen.
195
00:12:26,329 --> 00:12:31,291
Why don't you
invent something useful
196
00:12:31,292 --> 00:12:34,753
uh, that will bring them in
a little profit?
197
00:12:34,754 --> 00:12:36,505
Remember that chart
you made for the army?
198
00:12:36,506 --> 00:12:38,298
Even general Stefano gritti
199
00:12:38,299 --> 00:12:39,758
could extract cube roots
with it.
200
00:12:39,759 --> 00:12:42,511
- Now that was practical.
- Bosh!
201
00:12:42,512 --> 00:12:44,930
It astounded
the chiefs of staff.
202
00:12:44,931 --> 00:12:46,307
I see.
203
00:12:51,187 --> 00:12:52,313
Priuli...
204
00:12:54,190 --> 00:12:57,360
- I may have something for you.
- Ah.
205
00:13:00,697 --> 00:13:02,949
I haven't quite got there yet.
206
00:13:04,158 --> 00:13:06,034
You are a great man. A...
207
00:13:06,035 --> 00:13:09,746
A discontented man,
but I've always said you were a great man.
208
00:13:09,747 --> 00:13:14,418
My discontent, priuli, is what you should
be paying me for if you had any sense.
209
00:13:14,419 --> 00:13:18,088
And for the most part,
it's dissatisfaction with myself.
210
00:13:18,089 --> 00:13:23,802
I'm 46 years of age, and I've achieved
nothing that satisfies me.
211
00:13:23,803 --> 00:13:26,346
I won't disturb you any further.
212
00:13:26,347 --> 00:13:28,182
Thank you. Good morning.
213
00:13:54,709 --> 00:13:56,293
One scudo wasn't enough.
214
00:13:56,294 --> 00:13:59,463
I had to leave him my jacket
before he'd let me take them away.
215
00:13:59,464 --> 00:14:03,885
How will you
get through the winter without a jacket?
216
00:14:04,052 --> 00:14:05,887
We'll get it back someday.
217
00:14:06,054 --> 00:14:07,554
Give them to me.
218
00:14:20,902 --> 00:14:22,236
What are they for?
219
00:14:24,155 --> 00:14:25,990
Something for the senate.
220
00:14:34,207 --> 00:14:36,249
Come and look.
221
00:14:36,250 --> 00:14:40,338
Whew! I can read the writing
on the bell in the capanile.
222
00:14:41,130 --> 00:14:42,882
"Gratia dei."
223
00:14:43,049 --> 00:14:45,008
Get out of the way.
224
00:14:52,892 --> 00:14:56,103
No one's virtue is complete
225
00:14:56,104 --> 00:14:59,272
great Galileo likes to eat
226
00:14:59,273 --> 00:15:02,025
you will not resent, we hope
227
00:15:02,026 --> 00:15:05,320
the truth about his telescope
228
00:15:35,101 --> 00:15:37,144
Gentlemen of the senate,
229
00:15:37,145 --> 00:15:40,272
gentlemen of
the arsenal of venice,
230
00:15:40,273 --> 00:15:44,025
as professor of mathematics
at your university of padova
231
00:15:44,026 --> 00:15:48,321
and chief engineer
in your great arsenal,
232
00:15:48,322 --> 00:15:51,741
your obedient servant
has always counted it
233
00:15:51,742 --> 00:15:56,830
his privilege to offer you
such discoveries and inventions
234
00:15:56,831 --> 00:16:00,041
as might prove lucrative
to the manufacturers
235
00:16:00,042 --> 00:16:04,463
and merchants
of our venetian republic.
236
00:16:04,464 --> 00:16:10,302
Thus, I tender you this,
my optical tube, or telescope,
237
00:16:10,303 --> 00:16:13,263
manufactured
in your great arsenal
238
00:16:13,264 --> 00:16:19,519
and constructed on the most scientific
and Christian principles.
239
00:16:19,520 --> 00:16:24,442
The product of
17 years' patient research.
240
00:16:40,249 --> 00:16:42,125
A waste of time, sagredo.
241
00:16:42,126 --> 00:16:44,336
You'll be able to pay the butcher,
old friend.
242
00:16:44,337 --> 00:16:47,130
Yes. They'll make money
out of it.
243
00:17:03,272 --> 00:17:08,109
Gentlemen, our republic
can congratulate itself.
244
00:17:08,110 --> 00:17:13,032
Not only because this new acquisition will
be another feather in the cap of venice...
245
00:17:14,825 --> 00:17:19,412
Not only because our own Mr. Galilei
has so generously handed over
246
00:17:19,413 --> 00:17:24,000
this fresh product of his teeming brain
entirely to you
247
00:17:24,001 --> 00:17:25,627
so that you can manufacture
248
00:17:25,628 --> 00:17:29,215
as many of these highly salable articles
as you please...
249
00:17:30,883 --> 00:17:34,135
But gentlemen,
has it also occurred to you
250
00:17:34,136 --> 00:17:37,138
that with the help of this remarkable
new instrument,
251
00:17:37,139 --> 00:17:40,183
the enemy fleet
will be visible to us
252
00:17:40,184 --> 00:17:44,355
a full two hours
before we are visible to them.
253
00:17:48,317 --> 00:17:52,946
And now, gentlemen, Mr. Galilei
entreats you to accept the instrument
254
00:17:52,947 --> 00:17:55,241
from the hands of his charming daughter,
Virginia.
255
00:18:02,665 --> 00:18:06,210
I don't know that I can
go through with this farce.
256
00:18:08,796 --> 00:18:12,883
You do realize it's more
than a money-making gadget.
257
00:18:13,050 --> 00:18:16,011
I turned it
on the moon last night.
258
00:18:16,012 --> 00:18:20,223
Astronomy has been held back
for three generations
259
00:18:20,224 --> 00:18:22,351
for lack of a thing like this.
260
00:18:23,394 --> 00:18:25,187
Mr. Galilei.
261
00:18:26,564 --> 00:18:29,274
It... it's extraordinary. I...
262
00:18:29,275 --> 00:18:33,321
I could see the fortifications
of Santa Rosita.
263
00:18:36,157 --> 00:18:37,991
What about the moon?
264
00:18:37,992 --> 00:18:39,367
For one thing,
265
00:18:39,368 --> 00:18:42,163
it doesn't give off
any light of its own.
266
00:18:43,748 --> 00:18:45,374
Good heavens!
267
00:18:46,876 --> 00:18:49,127
I shall have to tell my wife
to stop bathing on the roof.
268
00:18:51,547 --> 00:18:54,133
A thing like this
is worth ten scudi apiece.
269
00:18:55,885 --> 00:18:58,763
Father, here's ludovico
to congratulate you.
270
00:18:59,597 --> 00:19:00,847
Congratulations, sir.
271
00:19:00,848 --> 00:19:02,182
I improved it.
272
00:19:02,183 --> 00:19:04,143
Yes, sir,
I see you had it covered in red.
273
00:19:10,858 --> 00:19:13,943
Do you know what
the milky way is made of?
274
00:19:13,944 --> 00:19:16,112
- I dd.
275
00:19:16,113 --> 00:19:19,032
Congratulations, Mr. Galilei.
276
00:19:19,033 --> 00:19:22,077
Your extra 500 scudi a year
are secure.
277
00:19:22,078 --> 00:19:24,913
Oh. Of course, the 500 scudi.
278
00:19:24,914 --> 00:19:27,874
Isn't it a pity a great republic
279
00:19:27,875 --> 00:19:31,253
always has to find a pretext
to reward its great men.
280
00:19:31,420 --> 00:19:36,008
Oh, what incentive
would great men have otherwise?
281
00:19:37,343 --> 00:19:40,429
- Mr. Galilei.
- Congratulations, Mr. Galilei.
282
00:19:42,348 --> 00:19:44,183
Well done. Well done, sir.
283
00:19:45,142 --> 00:19:46,310
Just marvelous.
284
00:19:49,313 --> 00:19:51,231
Did I do it all right?
285
00:19:51,232 --> 00:19:52,691
Seemed all right to me.
286
00:19:52,692 --> 00:19:54,776
I think they're pleased
with father.
287
00:19:54,777 --> 00:19:57,863
I think I'm beginning
to understand something about science.
288
00:20:01,117 --> 00:20:07,789
January 10, 1610
289
00:20:07,790 --> 00:20:13,545
Galileo Galilei
290
00:20:13,546 --> 00:20:20,218
abolishes
291
00:20:20,219 --> 00:20:22,346
heaven
292
00:20:39,363 --> 00:20:41,741
The edge of the Crescent
is jagged.
293
00:20:43,159 --> 00:20:44,869
All along the dark part,
294
00:20:45,703 --> 00:20:47,413
near the shiny Crescent.
295
00:20:49,081 --> 00:20:55,128
Bright particles of light
keep appearing, one after the other,
296
00:20:55,129 --> 00:20:57,172
and growing larger,
297
00:20:57,173 --> 00:21:01,760
and finally, merge
with the bright Crescent.
298
00:21:01,761 --> 00:21:05,597
How do you explain
those spots of light, my friend?
299
00:21:05,598 --> 00:21:08,516
- It can't be true.
- It is true.
300
00:21:08,517 --> 00:21:10,644
They're high mountains, sagredo.
301
00:21:11,562 --> 00:21:13,855
- On the moon?
- Yes.
302
00:21:13,856 --> 00:21:16,274
Gigantic mountains.
303
00:21:16,275 --> 00:21:19,611
The spots of light are peaks
catching the rising sun.
304
00:21:19,612 --> 00:21:22,113
The slopes of the mountains
are still dark.
305
00:21:22,114 --> 00:21:25,909
If you look again,
you can see the sunlight moving down
306
00:21:25,910 --> 00:21:27,828
from the peaks into the valleys.
307
00:21:31,916 --> 00:21:35,627
But this gives the lie
308
00:21:35,628 --> 00:21:40,131
to all the astronomy that's been taught
for the last 2,000 years.
309
00:21:40,132 --> 00:21:42,675
Yes, what you are seeing now
310
00:21:42,676 --> 00:21:46,680
has been seen by no other man
beside myself.
311
00:21:49,350 --> 00:21:56,315
But the moon can't be an earth with
mountains and valleys like our own
312
00:21:56,774 --> 00:21:59,984
any more than the earth
can be a planet.
313
00:21:59,985 --> 00:22:05,782
The moon is an earth
with mountains and valleys.
314
00:22:05,783 --> 00:22:09,035
And the earth is a planet.
315
00:22:09,036 --> 00:22:13,290
Simply another heavenly body,
one among thousands.
316
00:22:15,334 --> 00:22:19,420
As the moon appears to us,
so we appear to the moon.
317
00:22:19,421 --> 00:22:23,132
From the moon, the earth looks
sometimes like a Crescent,
318
00:22:23,133 --> 00:22:26,594
sometimes like a half-globe,
sometimes a full globe,
319
00:22:26,595 --> 00:22:29,431
and sometimes
it's not visible at all.
320
00:22:44,822 --> 00:22:48,658
Galileo, this is frightening.
321
00:22:48,659 --> 00:22:50,661
I have discovered
something else.
322
00:22:51,579 --> 00:22:54,623
Something even more astonishing.
323
00:22:57,626 --> 00:22:59,335
There it is.
324
00:22:59,336 --> 00:23:01,964
Your miraculous optical tube.
325
00:23:03,424 --> 00:23:07,802
Do you know this product
of 17 years of patient research
326
00:23:07,803 --> 00:23:11,807
will be on sale tomorrow
for two scudi apiece?
327
00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:15,935
The telescope.
328
00:23:15,936 --> 00:23:18,605
Down at the harbor
at this very moment,
329
00:23:18,606 --> 00:23:22,609
a ship from Holland
is unloading a full cargo of them.
330
00:23:22,610 --> 00:23:23,903
What have you to say?
331
00:23:27,323 --> 00:23:29,574
When I think of
the poor gentlemen of venice
332
00:23:29,575 --> 00:23:32,118
who thought they were getting
exclusive rights.
333
00:23:32,119 --> 00:23:34,495
Why, when they took their first look
through the glass,
334
00:23:34,496 --> 00:23:39,042
it was only by the merest chance they
didn't see a peddler seven times enlarged
335
00:23:39,043 --> 00:23:42,629
selling tubes exactly like it
on the street corner.
336
00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:44,505
Mr. Priuli,
337
00:23:44,506 --> 00:23:46,090
with the help of this
instrument,
338
00:23:46,091 --> 00:23:49,552
Mr. Galilei has made discoveries
that will revolutionize
339
00:23:49,553 --> 00:23:51,471
our conception of the universe.
340
00:23:51,472 --> 00:23:56,267
Mr. Galilei has provided the town
with a first-rate water pump.
341
00:23:56,268 --> 00:23:59,395
The irrigation works you designed
function splendidly.
342
00:23:59,396 --> 00:24:01,065
How was I to expect this?
343
00:24:03,859 --> 00:24:06,361
Not so fast, priuli.
344
00:24:06,362 --> 00:24:10,366
I may be on the track
of a sensational gadget.
345
00:24:12,534 --> 00:24:16,789
Certain of the stars
appear to have regular movements.
346
00:24:18,374 --> 00:24:21,334
If there were
a clock in the sky,
347
00:24:21,335 --> 00:24:23,712
it could be seen from anywhere.
348
00:24:25,297 --> 00:24:29,426
That might be useful
to your shipowners. Hm?
349
00:24:35,224 --> 00:24:36,849
No. I won't listen to you.
350
00:24:36,850 --> 00:24:38,726
I listened to you before,
351
00:24:38,727 --> 00:24:40,395
and as a reward for my friendship,
you made me
352
00:24:40,396 --> 00:24:42,480
the laughingstock of the town.
353
00:24:42,481 --> 00:24:44,774
Oh, yes, you can laugh.
You got your money.
354
00:24:44,775 --> 00:24:46,818
But let me tell you this:
355
00:24:46,819 --> 00:24:52,282
You have destroyed my faith
in a lot of things, Mr. Galilei.
356
00:24:56,203 --> 00:24:58,122
This world makes me sick!
357
00:25:00,874 --> 00:25:03,002
He's almost human
when he's angry.
358
00:25:04,044 --> 00:25:05,586
Did you hear?
359
00:25:05,587 --> 00:25:09,216
A world where you can't
do business makes him sick.
360
00:25:10,843 --> 00:25:13,721
Did you know about
these Dutch instruments?
361
00:25:14,596 --> 00:25:16,014
I'd heard about them.
362
00:25:16,015 --> 00:25:17,515
But the one I made
for the arsenal
363
00:25:17,516 --> 00:25:19,767
was twice as good
as any dutchman's.
364
00:25:19,768 --> 00:25:22,687
Besides, I needed the money.
365
00:25:22,688 --> 00:25:25,773
How can I work with a tax collector
on the doorstep?
366
00:25:25,774 --> 00:25:30,028
And my poor daughter will never acquire
a husband unless she has a dowry.
367
00:25:30,029 --> 00:25:32,280
Besides, I like books.
All kinds of books.
368
00:25:32,281 --> 00:25:35,116
And you know I don't think well
unless I eat well.
369
00:25:35,117 --> 00:25:39,287
I get my best ideas
over a good meal and a bottle of wine.
370
00:25:39,288 --> 00:25:45,753
If only I could have five years
to do nothing but research.
371
00:25:47,129 --> 00:25:49,465
What about copernicus' theory...
372
00:25:50,257 --> 00:25:51,675
That the earth...
373
00:25:52,551 --> 00:25:54,553
Rotates around the sun?
374
00:25:57,222 --> 00:26:01,184
I noticed something
through the telescope on Tuesday
375
00:26:01,185 --> 00:26:03,771
which might prove a step
towards even that.
376
00:26:07,733 --> 00:26:11,110
There are four lesser stars
near Jupiter.
377
00:26:11,111 --> 00:26:12,904
I happened on them on Monday,
378
00:26:12,905 --> 00:26:16,532
but didn't take
any particular note of their position.
379
00:26:16,533 --> 00:26:18,951
On Tuesday, I looked again.
380
00:26:18,952 --> 00:26:21,370
I could've sworn they'd moved.
381
00:26:21,371 --> 00:26:23,248
I've recorded their positions.
382
00:26:26,043 --> 00:26:27,169
Now...
383
00:26:28,462 --> 00:26:30,339
They've changed again.
384
00:26:31,882 --> 00:26:33,467
Tell me what you see.
385
00:26:42,726 --> 00:26:44,394
I see three.
386
00:26:45,354 --> 00:26:46,772
Where is the fourth?
387
00:26:48,065 --> 00:26:51,235
Here are the charts.
Let's get down to work.
388
00:27:08,210 --> 00:27:14,799
The fourth must have moved 'round
behind Jupiter where we can't see it.
389
00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:20,555
That means there's a small star
revolving 'round a big star.
390
00:27:20,556 --> 00:27:23,933
Jupiter can't be fixed
to anything.
391
00:27:23,934 --> 00:27:27,896
If there's another star
revolving round it...
392
00:27:28,063 --> 00:27:31,107
Where are the crystal spheres now,
393
00:27:31,108 --> 00:27:33,276
that the stars are supposed to
be fixed to?
394
00:27:33,277 --> 00:27:37,530
Nowhere.
There's no scaffolding in the sky.
395
00:27:37,531 --> 00:27:40,450
There's nothing
holding the universe up.
396
00:27:42,244 --> 00:27:44,579
Don't stand there
like a stockfish,
397
00:27:44,580 --> 00:27:47,206
as if you are afraid
it isn't true.
398
00:27:47,207 --> 00:27:49,750
I'm not standing
like a stockfish.
399
00:27:49,751 --> 00:27:52,795
I'm trembling because I'm afraid
it is true.
400
00:27:52,796 --> 00:27:53,881
Why?
401
00:27:55,215 --> 00:27:57,842
What do you think
is going to happen to you
402
00:27:57,843 --> 00:27:59,927
when you say
that there's another sun
403
00:27:59,928 --> 00:28:03,139
with other earths
revolving 'round it?
404
00:28:03,140 --> 00:28:05,308
That this earth is a planet
405
00:28:05,309 --> 00:28:07,519
and not the center
of the universe?
406
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:11,481
And that there's nothing
but stars.
407
00:28:13,233 --> 00:28:14,859
No difference
between earth and heaven.
408
00:28:14,860 --> 00:28:16,612
No heaven at all.
409
00:28:20,490 --> 00:28:22,408
Where's god, then?
410
00:28:22,409 --> 00:28:23,744
What do you mean?
411
00:28:24,578 --> 00:28:27,830
God. Where is god?
412
00:28:27,831 --> 00:28:31,250
Not out there,
any more than he'd be down here
413
00:28:31,251 --> 00:28:33,879
if somebody out there
came down to look for him.
414
00:28:34,046 --> 00:28:35,422
Where is he, then?
415
00:28:37,925 --> 00:28:41,135
I'm a mathematician,
not a theologian.
416
00:28:41,136 --> 00:28:44,013
You're a human being.
417
00:28:44,014 --> 00:28:47,558
Where is god
in your system of the universe?
418
00:28:47,559 --> 00:28:50,686
Inside us. Or nowhere.
419
00:28:50,687 --> 00:28:54,232
Ten years ago, a man was burned
at the stake for saying that.
420
00:28:54,233 --> 00:28:56,609
Giordano Bruno spoke too soon.
421
00:28:56,610 --> 00:29:01,447
He'd never have been burned if he could
have backed up what he said with proof.
422
00:29:01,448 --> 00:29:04,909
Do you really believe
that proof makes any difference?
423
00:29:04,910 --> 00:29:07,536
All the difference in the world.
424
00:29:07,537 --> 00:29:09,205
I believe in man,
425
00:29:09,206 --> 00:29:11,667
and that means
I believe in reason.
426
00:29:12,709 --> 00:29:14,461
Without that belief,
427
00:29:14,628 --> 00:29:18,882
I wouldn't have the strength
to get out of bed in the morning.
428
00:29:25,013 --> 00:29:31,143
How can you mistake
man's contemptible cunning... for reason?
429
00:29:31,144 --> 00:29:33,897
I know they call a donkey a horse
when they want to sell it,
430
00:29:34,064 --> 00:29:36,232
and a horse a donkey
when they want to buy it.
431
00:29:36,233 --> 00:29:38,442
Is that the whole story?
432
00:29:38,443 --> 00:29:41,821
If I were to drop a stone
and tell people it didn't fall,
433
00:29:41,822 --> 00:29:43,490
do you think they'd accept it?
434
00:29:44,074 --> 00:29:45,324
No.
435
00:29:45,325 --> 00:29:47,910
The seduction of proof
is still strong.
436
00:29:47,911 --> 00:29:50,621
In the long run,
no one can resist it.
437
00:29:51,707 --> 00:29:52,832
Good morning, father.
438
00:29:52,833 --> 00:29:54,375
Up so early?
439
00:29:54,376 --> 00:29:56,919
I'm going to matins
with Mrs. Sarti.
440
00:29:56,920 --> 00:29:58,921
Ludovico's coming, too.
441
00:29:58,922 --> 00:30:01,382
- How was the night, father?
- Clear.
442
00:30:01,383 --> 00:30:04,303
- May I look through the tube?
- What for? It isn't a toy.
443
00:30:05,929 --> 00:30:08,306
I know that, father.
444
00:30:08,307 --> 00:30:09,348
What did you find?
445
00:30:09,349 --> 00:30:13,311
Some little specks
by the side of a big star.
446
00:30:13,312 --> 00:30:16,939
I must find a way
of drawing attention to them.
447
00:30:16,940 --> 00:30:21,652
Perhaps I'll call them the medician stars
to please the Duke of Florence.
448
00:30:21,653 --> 00:30:24,655
By the way,
we may move to Florence.
449
00:30:24,656 --> 00:30:26,198
I've written to his highness,
450
00:30:26,199 --> 00:30:29,201
asking if he can use me
as court mathematician.
451
00:30:29,202 --> 00:30:32,913
- Shall we live at court, father?
- Galileo.
452
00:30:32,914 --> 00:30:37,626
My dear sagredo,
I must have time to work out my proof.
453
00:30:37,627 --> 00:30:39,337
And I need my comforts.
454
00:30:39,338 --> 00:30:41,672
My only worry is the Duke
may not take me.
455
00:30:41,673 --> 00:30:43,716
Oh, surely he'll take you, father.
456
00:30:43,717 --> 00:30:45,177
But those new stars...
457
00:30:48,263 --> 00:30:51,266
I'm not used to writing letters
to important people.
458
00:30:52,309 --> 00:30:54,061
Do you think this will do?
459
00:30:59,024 --> 00:31:04,445
"With this, I commend myself as one of
your most faithful and devoted servants
460
00:31:04,446 --> 00:31:08,908
whose chief desire is to bask in
the presence of your highness,
461
00:31:08,909 --> 00:31:12,412
the rising sun
of our great age."
462
00:31:13,872 --> 00:31:16,582
The Duke of Florence
is a boy of nine.
463
00:31:16,583 --> 00:31:17,793
I know.
464
00:31:19,336 --> 00:31:20,920
Oh, I see.
465
00:31:20,921 --> 00:31:23,882
You think my letter
is too servile.
466
00:31:24,049 --> 00:31:26,300
I wonder if it's servile enough.
467
00:31:26,301 --> 00:31:31,598
The only way a man like me can land
a decent job is by crawling on his belly.
468
00:31:32,724 --> 00:31:34,601
Run along to matins, now.
469
00:31:39,564 --> 00:31:42,608
- Galileo, don't go to Florence.
- Why not?
470
00:31:42,609 --> 00:31:44,110
It's ruled by monks.
471
00:31:44,111 --> 00:31:45,694
There are scholars, too.
472
00:31:45,695 --> 00:31:48,906
- Lackeys.
- I'll take them by the scruff of the neck
473
00:31:48,907 --> 00:31:51,117
and make them look
through my tube.
474
00:31:51,118 --> 00:31:53,787
Even monks can be seduced
by proof.
475
00:31:55,414 --> 00:31:59,126
Galileo, you're setting out
on the road to disaster.
476
00:32:03,338 --> 00:32:07,341
You're suspicious
and skeptical in science.
477
00:32:07,342 --> 00:32:11,303
But in politics, you're as Nai've
as your daughter.
478
00:32:11,304 --> 00:32:16,685
How can those in power leave a man
at large who tells the truth?
479
00:32:17,644 --> 00:32:19,855
Even about the remotest stars.
480
00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:25,860
Can you see the pope
calmly writing down in his diary
481
00:32:25,861 --> 00:32:29,656
"tenth of January, 1610.
482
00:32:30,907 --> 00:32:32,451
Heaven abolished."
483
00:32:36,997 --> 00:32:40,792
A while ago, when you were
at your telescope...
484
00:32:41,835 --> 00:32:44,171
I saw you tied to the stake.
485
00:32:45,547 --> 00:32:47,841
And when you said
you believed in proof,
486
00:32:48,675 --> 00:32:50,635
I smelled burning flesh.
487
00:32:51,720 --> 00:32:54,890
If they'll have me, I'll go.
488
00:33:25,795 --> 00:33:27,880
Your highness.
489
00:33:27,881 --> 00:33:29,840
Shall we begin
with an observation
490
00:33:29,841 --> 00:33:32,260
of the satellites of Jupiter,
491
00:33:32,928 --> 00:33:35,138
the medician stars.
492
00:33:39,142 --> 00:33:42,311
- Sit down here, please.
- Thank you, my boy.
493
00:33:42,312 --> 00:33:44,313
No, I'm afraid
it's not as simple as that.
494
00:33:44,314 --> 00:33:47,566
Before we use your celebrated instrument,
Mr. Galilei,
495
00:33:47,567 --> 00:33:49,485
we beg the favor
of a disputation.
496
00:33:49,486 --> 00:33:52,238
Subject: Can these moons exist?
497
00:33:52,239 --> 00:33:54,615
A formal disputation.
498
00:33:54,616 --> 00:33:58,036
Why don't you just look through
the telescope and see for yourselves?
499
00:33:58,954 --> 00:34:01,330
- Here, please.
- Yes, yes.
500
00:34:01,331 --> 00:34:03,707
You are aware
that your proposition...
501
00:34:03,708 --> 00:34:07,586
That there are stars revolving around
some center other than the earth,
502
00:34:07,587 --> 00:34:09,713
that there's nothing
holding the universe up...
503
00:34:09,714 --> 00:34:13,133
Is in contradiction
to the wisdom of the ages?
504
00:34:13,134 --> 00:34:15,469
- Yes.
- Apart from my mathematical friends'
505
00:34:15,470 --> 00:34:17,721
reservations as to whether
these moons are possible,
506
00:34:17,722 --> 00:34:21,725
I, as a philosopher ask you,
are they necessary?
507
00:34:21,726 --> 00:34:23,644
Aristotleis divini...
508
00:34:23,645 --> 00:34:26,105
Shall we speak
in everyday language?
509
00:34:26,106 --> 00:34:29,608
My colleague Mr. Federzoni
doesn't understand Latin.
510
00:34:29,609 --> 00:34:31,944
- Does that matter?
- Yes.
511
00:34:31,945 --> 00:34:35,073
The debate will be less brilliant,
but it's your house.
512
00:34:36,199 --> 00:34:38,617
The cosmos
of the divine Aristotle,
513
00:34:38,618 --> 00:34:41,662
with its crystal spheres
and their mystical music
514
00:34:41,663 --> 00:34:44,999
is an edifice of
incomparable order and beauty.
515
00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:47,835
Why should we go out of our way
to look for things
516
00:34:47,836 --> 00:34:51,256
which can only strike a discord
in that inevitable Harmony?
517
00:34:52,632 --> 00:34:54,508
Your highness,
would you care to observe
518
00:34:54,509 --> 00:34:58,305
these unnecessary and impossible stars
through the telescope?
519
00:35:00,932 --> 00:35:04,810
Mr. Galilei, nobody doubts
that your brainchild...
520
00:35:04,811 --> 00:35:09,148
Or shall we say your adopted brainchild...
Is brilliantly contrived.
521
00:35:09,149 --> 00:35:12,443
But one is tempted to observe
that if your tube
522
00:35:12,444 --> 00:35:14,528
shows something
that cannot exist,
523
00:35:14,529 --> 00:35:17,781
it must be
a rather unreliable tube.
524
00:35:17,782 --> 00:35:21,702
- How's that?
- With the utmost deference, Mr. Galilei,
525
00:35:21,703 --> 00:35:27,082
I suggest that what one sees
in your eyeglass...
526
00:35:27,083 --> 00:35:32,546
And what is in the heavens,
might be two entirely different things.
527
00:35:32,547 --> 00:35:34,340
Admirably put.
528
00:35:34,341 --> 00:35:36,300
Great restraint.
529
00:35:36,301 --> 00:35:39,011
They think we painted
the medician stars on the lens.
530
00:35:39,012 --> 00:35:42,181
Huh... are you
accusing me of fraud?
531
00:35:42,182 --> 00:35:46,227
We wouldn't dream of it
in the presence of his highness.
532
00:35:47,479 --> 00:35:49,897
Is there something wrong
with my stars?
533
00:35:49,898 --> 00:35:52,733
Your highness' stars are fine.
534
00:35:52,734 --> 00:35:57,154
The gentlemen are only wondering
whether they really exist.
535
00:35:57,155 --> 00:35:59,490
Can you see the claws
on the great bear?
536
00:35:59,491 --> 00:36:02,994
Yes. And everything on the bull.
537
00:36:06,831 --> 00:36:10,543
Are you gentlemen
going to look or not?
538
00:36:12,045 --> 00:36:13,546
Certainly.
539
00:36:19,469 --> 00:36:22,138
- What is the matter with you?
- They're stupid.
540
00:36:24,849 --> 00:36:26,810
Deplorable child.
541
00:36:30,188 --> 00:36:32,231
Your highness...
542
00:36:32,232 --> 00:36:34,817
I have just received
an important message.
543
00:36:34,818 --> 00:36:37,236
- I think we should go at once.
- Gentlemen.
544
00:36:37,237 --> 00:36:39,488
The sum of our knowledge
is pitiful.
545
00:36:39,489 --> 00:36:44,618
It has been my singular good fortune
to get hold of a new instrument
546
00:36:44,619 --> 00:36:49,206
that brings a small patch
of the universe a little bit closer.
547
00:36:49,207 --> 00:36:52,334
It's at your disposal.
Make use of it.
548
00:36:52,335 --> 00:36:56,798
Your highness, ladies and gentlemen,
where is all this leading?
549
00:36:57,882 --> 00:36:59,258
Are we, as scholars,
550
00:36:59,259 --> 00:37:02,678
concerned with where
the truth might lead us?
551
00:37:02,679 --> 00:37:07,224
Mr. Galilei, the truth
might lead us anywhere.
552
00:37:07,225 --> 00:37:10,728
Your highness, these nights,
553
00:37:10,729 --> 00:37:14,857
all over Italy, telescopes have been
turned on the sky.
554
00:37:14,858 --> 00:37:20,571
The moons of Jupiter have never
been seen before, and yet, they exist.
555
00:37:20,572 --> 00:37:24,408
The man in the street may conclude
that a good many other things may exist
556
00:37:24,409 --> 00:37:26,828
if only he opens his eyes.
557
00:37:30,165 --> 00:37:31,707
Gentlemen,
558
00:37:31,708 --> 00:37:35,378
we oughtn't to be defending
shaky doctrines.
559
00:37:37,297 --> 00:37:38,756
You are teachers.
560
00:37:38,757 --> 00:37:40,674
You ought to be
doing the shaking.
561
00:37:40,675 --> 00:37:42,259
I wish your man would keep out
562
00:37:42,260 --> 00:37:44,262
of what is supposed to be
a scientific debate.
563
00:37:47,098 --> 00:37:48,141
Your highness...
564
00:37:50,602 --> 00:37:54,229
Looks as if we have to go
to the shipyards nowadays
565
00:37:54,230 --> 00:37:59,485
to find the high curiosity
that was the glory of Greece.
566
00:37:59,486 --> 00:38:02,863
Well, I'm sure Mr. Galilei
will find admirers in the shipyards.
567
00:38:04,741 --> 00:38:07,743
Your highness, I find this
highly informative discussion
568
00:38:07,744 --> 00:38:09,953
has exceeded the time
we allowed for it.
569
00:38:09,954 --> 00:38:12,414
It is imperative
that we leave at once.
570
00:38:12,415 --> 00:38:14,709
One of my cakes, your highness.
571
00:38:23,176 --> 00:38:26,137
But you need only to look
through the telescope.
572
00:38:28,556 --> 00:38:30,557
His highness will, of course,
seek the opinion
573
00:38:30,558 --> 00:38:32,644
of the greatest
living authority...
574
00:38:33,353 --> 00:38:35,521
Christopher clavius,
575
00:38:35,522 --> 00:38:39,150
astronomer-in-chief
at the papal college in Rome.
576
00:38:56,167 --> 00:38:59,169
Things take indeed
a wondrous turn
577
00:38:59,170 --> 00:39:02,381
when learned men
do stoop to learn
578
00:39:02,382 --> 00:39:05,717
clavius we are pleased to say
579
00:39:05,718 --> 00:39:08,721
upheld Galileo
580
00:39:21,359 --> 00:39:24,404
Hopeless, hopeless, hopeless!
581
00:39:26,698 --> 00:39:30,492
Is there anything in the world
that people won't believe?
582
00:39:30,493 --> 00:39:33,705
Yes, monsignor,
that you don't like your belly!
583
00:39:34,789 --> 00:39:36,248
Oh, they'd believe that.
584
00:39:36,249 --> 00:39:38,834
They only won't believe
what's good for them.
585
00:39:38,835 --> 00:39:42,462
They doubt the devil, but fill them up
with a lot of fiddledeedee
586
00:39:42,463 --> 00:39:45,382
about the earth rolling
in the gutter like a marble,
587
00:39:45,383 --> 00:39:48,093
and they swallow it
hook, line and sinker.
588
00:39:48,094 --> 00:39:50,679
Sancta simplicitas!
589
00:39:50,680 --> 00:39:53,932
Ooh! Ooh! The earth
is going around too quickly!
590
00:39:53,933 --> 00:39:56,226
Ooh! Ooh! I'm dizzy!
591
00:39:56,227 --> 00:39:57,896
May I hold onto you, professor?
592
00:39:58,062 --> 00:40:01,148
Old mother earth's
been at the bottle again.
593
00:40:01,149 --> 00:40:05,236
Venus is listening badly.
I can only see half of her behind!
594
00:40:06,738 --> 00:40:09,865
Help! Hope we don't get
thrown onto the moon!
595
00:40:09,866 --> 00:40:12,451
All those nasty,
sharp mountain peaks.
596
00:40:12,452 --> 00:40:13,619
Don't look down!
597
00:40:16,873 --> 00:40:19,917
Every child and half-skinny
piglet in holy Rome.
598
00:40:22,045 --> 00:40:23,880
What does the Bible say?
599
00:40:25,214 --> 00:40:28,592
“Sun, stand thou still
upon gabanon
600
00:40:28,593 --> 00:40:31,720
and thou moon
in the valley of ajalon."
601
00:40:31,721 --> 00:40:35,058
Can the sun come to a standstill
if it doesn't ever move?
602
00:40:36,142 --> 00:40:37,393
Does the Bible lie?
603
00:40:38,770 --> 00:40:42,105
How did Christopher clavius,
the greatest astronomer alive,
604
00:40:42,106 --> 00:40:44,942
get mixed up in an investigation
of this kind?
605
00:40:44,943 --> 00:40:49,656
He's in there, with his eyes glued
to that diabolical instrument.
606
00:40:53,034 --> 00:40:54,952
Mr. Galilei...
607
00:40:54,953 --> 00:40:58,164
I think something
just fell down.
608
00:41:04,462 --> 00:41:08,091
Are you sure, monsignor,
that it didn't fall up?
609
00:41:09,425 --> 00:41:10,718
Insolence.
610
00:41:26,317 --> 00:41:27,859
Aren't they out yet?
611
00:41:27,860 --> 00:41:30,696
Can't they reach a decision
on this paltry matter?
612
00:41:30,697 --> 00:41:34,575
Christopher clavius ought to know
his astronomy after all these years.
613
00:41:35,702 --> 00:41:39,246
I hear this Mr. Galilei
transfers mankind
614
00:41:39,247 --> 00:41:42,709
from the center of the universe
to somewhere in the outskirts.
615
00:41:44,002 --> 00:41:46,920
This Mr. Galilei is therefore
an enemy to mankind
616
00:41:46,921 --> 00:41:49,381
and must be dealt with as such.
617
00:41:49,382 --> 00:41:52,259
Is it conceivable
that god would trust
618
00:41:52,260 --> 00:41:56,930
the most precious fruit of his labor
to some mere flip-it-tich-i-bit of a star?
619
00:41:56,931 --> 00:41:59,474
Would he have sent his son
to such a place?
620
00:41:59,475 --> 00:42:02,561
How can men be so perverse
as to listen to something
621
00:42:02,562 --> 00:42:06,023
that's told them by some slave
of the multiplication table.
622
00:42:06,024 --> 00:42:08,067
The gentleman is over there.
623
00:42:15,241 --> 00:42:18,118
So you're the man.
624
00:42:18,119 --> 00:42:21,246
Yeah, and our eyes are not
what they were, but...
625
00:42:21,247 --> 00:42:26,043
I can... I can see you bear a striking
resemblance to the man we burned.
626
00:42:26,044 --> 00:42:27,711
He... what was his name?
627
00:42:27,712 --> 00:42:29,629
Your eminence, the doctor said
you mustn't excite yourself.
628
00:42:29,630 --> 00:42:32,716
So you have degraded the earth
in spite of the fact
629
00:42:32,717 --> 00:42:35,177
that you live by it and receive everything
from her.
630
00:42:35,178 --> 00:42:36,720
Well, I won't have it!
631
00:42:36,721 --> 00:42:39,848
I won't be a nobody
on some nondescript star,
632
00:42:39,849 --> 00:42:41,892
twirling briefly,
hither and dither.
633
00:42:41,893 --> 00:42:46,688
I tread the earth and the earth is firm
beneath my feet!
634
00:42:46,689 --> 00:42:49,858
It stands still and is the center
of the universe,
635
00:42:49,859 --> 00:42:54,821
and I am in the center,
and the eye of the creator is upon me.
636
00:42:54,822 --> 00:42:57,741
About me,
fixed to the crystal spheres
637
00:42:57,742 --> 00:43:00,577
revolve the lesser lights
of the stars
638
00:43:00,578 --> 00:43:02,412
and the great light of the sun,
639
00:43:02,413 --> 00:43:05,165
created to illumine me,
that god might see me.
640
00:43:05,166 --> 00:43:07,794
Man, the supreme work of god...
641
00:43:08,878 --> 00:43:13,632
A central figure in...
In his own image
642
00:43:13,633 --> 00:43:17,427
created him immortal and... and...
643
00:43:20,056 --> 00:43:23,601
Your eminence,
you have overtaxed yourself.
644
00:43:28,606 --> 00:43:31,818
Your eminences, father clavius.
645
00:43:55,633 --> 00:43:57,051
He's right.
646
00:44:00,638 --> 00:44:02,472
Father clavius says
647
00:44:02,473 --> 00:44:06,060
it's up to the theologians now
to set the heavens right again.
648
00:44:08,104 --> 00:44:09,689
You've won.
649
00:44:27,999 --> 00:44:29,583
Who is this man?
650
00:44:29,584 --> 00:44:32,085
His eminence,
the cardinal inquisitor.
651
00:44:40,469 --> 00:44:46,600
When Galileo was
652
00:44:46,601 --> 00:44:51,354
in Rome
653
00:44:51,355 --> 00:44:58,321
a cardinal asked him to his home
654
00:45:02,950 --> 00:45:08,455
and dined and wined him
as his guest
655
00:45:08,456 --> 00:45:11,082
he only made
656
00:45:11,083 --> 00:45:15,963
one small request
657
00:45:22,637 --> 00:45:24,889
I won't dance
with anyone but you, ludovico.
658
00:45:25,848 --> 00:45:28,184
- You're showing some lace.
- Oh.
659
00:45:36,734 --> 00:45:40,904
- Father, feel my heart.
- Oh! It's thumping.
660
00:45:40,905 --> 00:45:43,448
- Oh, I want to look beautiful.
- You'd better.
661
00:45:43,449 --> 00:45:46,618
If you don't, they'll start saying
all over again
662
00:45:46,619 --> 00:45:48,454
that the earth doesn't turn.
663
00:45:49,288 --> 00:45:51,207
It doesn't turn, sir.
664
00:46:08,891 --> 00:46:11,393
I was to wait here
for cardinal bellarmine.
665
00:46:11,394 --> 00:46:13,437
His eminence will be with you
in a few minutes.
666
00:46:14,063 --> 00:46:15,981
Oh, Mr. Galilei.
667
00:46:15,982 --> 00:46:18,109
This is an honor,
sefior Galileo.
668
00:46:19,360 --> 00:46:21,611
- Congratulations.
- Thank you.
669
00:46:21,612 --> 00:46:23,780
Run along, and enjoy yourselves.
670
00:46:34,917 --> 00:46:36,002
Rome.
671
00:46:38,879 --> 00:46:42,257
- Big party?
- 250 guests, Mr. Galilei.
672
00:46:42,258 --> 00:46:44,634
The first carnival after the years
of the plague.
673
00:46:44,635 --> 00:46:47,637
All the great families of Italy
are represented here this evening.
674
00:46:47,638 --> 00:46:50,307
The orsinis, the granatis,
the pescis.
675
00:46:50,308 --> 00:46:54,519
- The cesarinis.
- The guidis, the lastricardis.
676
00:46:54,520 --> 00:47:00,025
Ah, their eminencies,
cardinals bellarmine and barberini.
677
00:47:10,077 --> 00:47:14,582
- Your eminence.
- Mr. Galilei, cardinal barberini.
678
00:47:15,166 --> 00:47:16,709
Your eminence.
679
00:47:22,923 --> 00:47:26,926
"The sun also ariseth,
and the sun goeth down
680
00:47:26,927 --> 00:47:30,680
and hasteth to his place
where he arose."
681
00:47:30,681 --> 00:47:33,850
Thus says Solomon.
What says Galilei?
682
00:47:33,851 --> 00:47:36,394
Your eminence...
683
00:47:36,395 --> 00:47:40,231
When I was so high,
I remember standing on a ship.
684
00:47:40,232 --> 00:47:44,652
And when it pulled off, I shouted,
"the shore is moving away!“
685
00:47:44,653 --> 00:47:48,531
but I know now it was the ship
that was moving away from the shore.
686
00:47:48,532 --> 00:47:50,784
You can't catch you.
687
00:47:50,785 --> 00:47:54,454
Unfortunately for me, I glanced at
a few papers on astronomy once,
688
00:47:54,455 --> 00:47:56,706
and it's harder to get rid of
than the itch.
689
00:47:56,707 --> 00:47:59,751
We must move with the times, barberini.
690
00:47:59,752 --> 00:48:02,462
If it makes navigation easier
to use new charts
691
00:48:02,463 --> 00:48:06,424
based upon a new hypothesis,
let's use them.
692
00:48:06,425 --> 00:48:10,387
We need only scotch doctrines
that contradict holy writ.
693
00:48:10,388 --> 00:48:11,679
Holy writ.
694
00:48:11,680 --> 00:48:15,893
"He that withholdeth corn,
the people shall curse him."
695
00:48:16,060 --> 00:48:17,227
Proverbs.
696
00:48:17,228 --> 00:48:20,397
"A prudent man
concealeth knowledge."
697
00:48:20,398 --> 00:48:27,112
- Proverbs.
- "Where no oxen are, the crib is clean.
698
00:48:27,113 --> 00:48:30,407
But much increase is by
the strength of the ox."
699
00:48:30,408 --> 00:48:34,411
"He that ruleth his spirit
is better than he that taketh a city."
700
00:48:34,412 --> 00:48:37,498
"The broken spirit
drieth the bones."
701
00:48:39,041 --> 00:48:41,252
"Doth not wisdom cry?"
702
00:48:46,841 --> 00:48:52,471
"Can one go upon hot coals
and his feet not be burned?"
703
00:49:08,028 --> 00:49:10,739
Welcome to Rome, friend Galilei.
704
00:49:13,701 --> 00:49:19,456
You will recall the story
of the founding of the city.
705
00:49:19,457 --> 00:49:25,086
Two little boys found shelter
and sustenance with a she-wolf.
706
00:49:25,087 --> 00:49:28,716
And from that day, we've paid the price
for the she-wolf's milk.
707
00:49:29,550 --> 00:49:31,843
But the place is not bad.
708
00:49:31,844 --> 00:49:33,803
And we have everything
for your pleasure,
709
00:49:33,804 --> 00:49:35,930
from a scholarly debate
with my friend bellarmine
710
00:49:35,931 --> 00:49:39,185
to ladies of, uh,
international repute.
711
00:49:39,935 --> 00:49:41,604
Would you like to meet one?
712
00:49:57,453 --> 00:49:59,162
No?
713
00:49:59,163 --> 00:50:01,373
He prefers a serious discussion.
714
00:50:02,166 --> 00:50:03,292
Very well.
715
00:50:06,587 --> 00:50:09,756
Are you sure, friend Galilei,
that you astronomers
716
00:50:09,757 --> 00:50:13,719
aren't just trying
to make astronomy easier for yourselves?
717
00:50:15,387 --> 00:50:19,891
You speak in terms of circles, ellipsis
and uniform velocities,
718
00:50:19,892 --> 00:50:23,186
simple movements
that the human mind can grasp.
719
00:50:23,187 --> 00:50:24,687
Very convenient.
720
00:50:24,688 --> 00:50:28,316
But suppose almighty god
had taken it into his head
721
00:50:28,317 --> 00:50:30,402
to make the stars
move like that.
722
00:50:31,529 --> 00:50:34,114
What will become
of your calculations then?
723
00:50:35,533 --> 00:50:40,745
Your eminence, if god had
created the world like this,
724
00:50:40,746 --> 00:50:43,414
he would've made our minds
like this, too,
725
00:50:43,415 --> 00:50:45,292
so that we could grasp it.
726
00:50:46,752 --> 00:50:48,462
I believe in reason.
727
00:50:50,506 --> 00:50:52,633
I consider reason inadequate.
728
00:50:56,220 --> 00:51:00,640
He's too polite to tell me
he considers mine inadequate.
729
00:51:00,641 --> 00:51:02,433
But what is one to do with him?
730
00:51:02,434 --> 00:51:05,019
Butter wouldn't melt
in his mouth.
731
00:51:05,020 --> 00:51:07,939
All he wants to prove
is that god made a few mistakes.
732
00:51:07,940 --> 00:51:12,778
In astronomy, god didn't work hard enough
before he composed holy writ.
733
00:51:13,821 --> 00:51:15,363
My dear friend...
734
00:51:19,076 --> 00:51:22,537
Don't put anything down. This is
a scientific discussion among friends.
735
00:51:22,538 --> 00:51:24,706
Don't you think it likely
the creator knows more
736
00:51:24,707 --> 00:51:27,125
about his work than the created?
737
00:51:27,126 --> 00:51:30,920
Man may misread
not only the heavenly bodies,
738
00:51:30,921 --> 00:51:32,463
but the Bible as well.
739
00:51:32,464 --> 00:51:34,549
The interpretation of the Bible
740
00:51:34,550 --> 00:51:36,802
is a matter for the ministers
of god.
741
00:51:40,222 --> 00:51:41,390
You don't answer?
742
00:51:43,767 --> 00:51:46,936
Tonight,
the holy office has decided
743
00:51:46,937 --> 00:51:49,063
that the theory of copernicus,
744
00:51:49,064 --> 00:51:52,317
according to which,
the earth moves around the sun,
745
00:51:52,318 --> 00:51:55,654
is false, absurd and heretical.
746
00:51:56,530 --> 00:51:58,239
I am charged, Mr. Galilei,
747
00:51:58,240 --> 00:52:01,577
to admonish you
to relinquish this opinion.
748
00:52:02,870 --> 00:52:04,788
Would you repeat that?
749
00:52:06,957 --> 00:52:11,628
His eminence cardinal bellarmine
to the aforesaid Galileo Galilei,
750
00:52:11,629 --> 00:52:14,922
"the holy office has decided
that the theory of copernicus,
751
00:52:14,923 --> 00:52:17,925
according to which,
the earth goes around the sun,
752
00:52:17,926 --> 00:52:20,888
is foolish,
absurd and heretical.
753
00:52:21,055 --> 00:52:24,932
I am charged, Mr. Galilei, to admonish you
to relinquish this opinion."
754
00:52:24,933 --> 00:52:27,226
What does this mean?
755
00:52:27,227 --> 00:52:30,355
The collegium romanum
confirmed my observations.
756
00:52:30,356 --> 00:52:33,150
Yes, they were
most complimentary to you.
757
00:52:34,902 --> 00:52:37,905
But...
The satellites of Jupiter.
758
00:52:38,989 --> 00:52:40,573
The phases of Venus.
759
00:52:40,574 --> 00:52:43,576
The holy office
formulated its decree
760
00:52:43,577 --> 00:52:46,455
without taking these particulars
into account.
761
00:52:48,332 --> 00:52:49,957
In other words...
762
00:52:49,958 --> 00:52:55,546
The future of all scientific
research is completely...
763
00:52:55,547 --> 00:52:58,299
Completely assured, Mr. Galilei.
764
00:52:58,300 --> 00:53:01,427
It is not given to man
to know the truth,
765
00:53:01,428 --> 00:53:04,223
but it is granted him
to seek after the truth.
766
00:53:06,892 --> 00:53:10,561
Science is the legitimate
and beloved daughter of the church.
767
00:53:10,562 --> 00:53:13,440
She must have confidence
in the church.
768
00:53:14,566 --> 00:53:16,610
Be realistic, friend Galilei...
769
00:53:17,403 --> 00:53:19,320
And so shall we.
770
00:53:19,321 --> 00:53:21,989
We need you
more than you need us.
771
00:53:21,990 --> 00:53:24,701
Barberini,
it's time we introduced
772
00:53:24,702 --> 00:53:28,204
Italy's most discussed scientist
to our guests.
773
00:53:28,205 --> 00:53:29,747
Let's put on our masks.
774
00:53:29,748 --> 00:53:32,042
Our poor Galilei hasn't got one.
775
00:53:38,716 --> 00:53:40,425
Did you get his last sentence?
776
00:53:40,426 --> 00:53:43,469
Yes. Have you got what he said
about believing in reason?
777
00:53:43,470 --> 00:53:45,264
Did the interview take place?
778
00:54:58,462 --> 00:55:00,214
Well, my daughter...
779
00:55:02,591 --> 00:55:05,593
May I congratulate you
on your betrothal.
780
00:55:05,594 --> 00:55:08,013
Your young man comes
from a distinguished family.
781
00:55:08,931 --> 00:55:10,641
Will you be staying on in Rome?
782
00:55:12,267 --> 00:55:14,894
Not now, your eminence.
I must return home for the wedding.
783
00:55:14,895 --> 00:55:18,064
Ah, so you're
accompanying your father back to Florence.
784
00:55:18,065 --> 00:55:19,607
That should please him.
785
00:55:19,608 --> 00:55:22,401
Mathematics is a cold housewife.
786
00:55:22,402 --> 00:55:25,405
Your youth and warmth
will keep him down to earth.
787
00:55:27,866 --> 00:55:29,868
Oh, it's easy
to get lost up there.
788
00:55:31,203 --> 00:55:34,081
He doesn't talk to me
about the stars, your eminence.
789
00:55:36,959 --> 00:55:38,001
No.
790
00:55:39,795 --> 00:55:42,422
They don't eat fish
in the fisherman's house.
791
00:55:48,637 --> 00:55:51,431
Though I can tell you
something about astronomy.
792
00:55:53,225 --> 00:55:55,434
It seems, my child, that god
has blessed
793
00:55:55,435 --> 00:55:58,145
our modern
astronomers with imagination.
794
00:55:58,146 --> 00:56:00,148
Oh, it's getting quite alarming.
795
00:56:01,233 --> 00:56:03,776
Compared to their picture
of the world,
796
00:56:03,777 --> 00:56:06,904
our old picture
is like a mere miniature,
797
00:56:06,905 --> 00:56:10,242
such as might hang 'round the neck
of a charming young lady.
798
00:56:13,620 --> 00:56:16,330
The gentlemen of the holy office
are worried
799
00:56:16,331 --> 00:56:23,087
that a prelate or even a cardinal
might get lost in such enormous spaces.
800
00:56:23,088 --> 00:56:25,841
The almighty might even
lose sight of the pope himself.
801
00:56:32,139 --> 00:56:35,100
Yes, it's all most amusing.
802
00:56:36,518 --> 00:56:39,729
Even so, my child,
I'm glad to know
803
00:56:39,730 --> 00:56:42,273
that you will be staying
with your eminent father,
804
00:56:42,274 --> 00:56:45,694
whom we all hold
in highest esteem.
805
00:56:50,532 --> 00:56:53,827
I wonder, do I know
your father confessor?
806
00:56:56,830 --> 00:56:58,789
Father jacamo
807
00:56:58,790 --> 00:57:01,084
of Saint Ursula's in Florence,
your eminence.
808
00:57:02,252 --> 00:57:03,337
Hm.
809
00:57:10,010 --> 00:57:13,513
My dear child,
your father will need you.
810
00:57:14,640 --> 00:57:16,975
Not so much now, perhaps, but...
811
00:57:17,643 --> 00:57:19,394
One of these days.
812
00:57:38,330 --> 00:57:39,373
You are pure.
813
00:57:42,834 --> 00:57:44,878
And there is strength in purity.
814
00:57:47,714 --> 00:57:52,176
Greatness is sometimes,
indeed often,
815
00:57:52,177 --> 00:57:55,973
too heavy a burden for those
to whom god has granted it.
816
00:57:59,851 --> 00:58:01,728
What man is so great...
817
00:58:02,562 --> 00:58:04,731
He has no place in a prayer?
818
00:58:08,151 --> 00:58:10,320
But I'm keeping you.
819
00:58:11,363 --> 00:58:14,116
Your fiancé
is going to be jealous.
820
00:58:15,742 --> 00:58:19,328
And I'm afraid that your father
will never forgive me
821
00:58:19,329 --> 00:58:21,498
for holding forth to you
about astronomy.
822
00:58:27,629 --> 00:58:30,966
And remember me
to father jacamo.
823
00:58:43,770 --> 00:58:47,898
Galileo, feeling grim
824
00:58:47,899 --> 00:58:51,902
a young monk came to visit him
825
00:58:51,903 --> 00:58:55,531
the monk was born of common folk
826
00:58:55,532 --> 00:58:59,870
it was of science
that they spoke
827
00:59:12,340 --> 00:59:13,800
Mr. Galilei?
828
00:59:17,929 --> 00:59:19,765
My name is fulganzio.
829
00:59:20,932 --> 00:59:22,684
I'm student of physics.
830
00:59:24,227 --> 00:59:27,105
For three nights,
I have been unable to sleep.
831
00:59:32,652 --> 00:59:36,238
I can't reconcile the decree
of the holy office which I've read
832
00:59:36,239 --> 00:59:39,742
with the satellites of Jupiter,
which I've seen.
833
00:59:39,743 --> 00:59:43,496
So this morning I decided to perform math
and then come to see you.
834
00:59:43,497 --> 00:59:46,374
To tell me Jupiter has no moons.
835
00:59:47,918 --> 00:59:48,960
No.
836
00:59:50,045 --> 00:59:52,129
The decree has shocked me
into realizing
837
00:59:52,130 --> 00:59:54,466
that unrestricted research
is dangerous.
838
00:59:58,011 --> 01:00:00,554
I've decided
to give up astronomy.
839
01:00:00,555 --> 01:00:02,891
But first, I felt
I had to tell you my reasons.
840
01:00:04,518 --> 01:00:06,895
Such reasons are familiar to me.
841
01:00:09,147 --> 01:00:11,148
You mean, of course...
842
01:00:11,149 --> 01:00:14,026
Certain pressures
exerted by the church.
843
01:00:14,027 --> 01:00:15,612
But there is something else.
844
01:00:17,572 --> 01:00:19,574
I'd like to talk to you
about my family.
845
01:00:20,575 --> 01:00:22,326
I don't come from
the great city.
846
01:00:22,327 --> 01:00:25,579
My parents are peasants
in the campagna.
847
01:00:25,580 --> 01:00:28,500
They know about growing olives,
but not much about anything else.
848
01:00:30,210 --> 01:00:33,879
Often these days, as I observe
the phases of Venus,
849
01:00:33,880 --> 01:00:36,382
I can see my mother
and father and sister
850
01:00:36,383 --> 01:00:38,134
sitting by the stove at home,
851
01:00:38,135 --> 01:00:40,762
under rafters blackened
by the smoke of centuries.
852
01:00:42,013 --> 01:00:44,516
I can see the spoons
in their roughen hands.
853
01:00:46,226 --> 01:00:47,853
They're very poor.
854
01:00:49,062 --> 01:00:51,397
But underlying their poverty,
855
01:00:51,398 --> 01:00:55,610
there is a sort of order,
routine, rhythm.
856
01:00:58,905 --> 01:01:01,365
My father's back
wasn't bowed all at once,
857
01:01:01,366 --> 01:01:04,118
but little by little each year.
858
01:01:04,119 --> 01:01:08,206
Regularly, year after year, childbearing
made my mother more and more sexless.
859
01:01:11,459 --> 01:01:16,965
What gives them the strength to sweat
with loaded baskets up the stony paths...
860
01:01:17,674 --> 01:01:18,842
To bear children...
861
01:01:19,426 --> 01:01:20,760
Even to eat...
862
01:01:22,012 --> 01:01:24,014
Is the sense of stability...
863
01:01:25,640 --> 01:01:29,101
Of necessity, which they get
864
01:01:29,102 --> 01:01:31,938
from the sight of the trees
turning green every year...
865
01:01:33,440 --> 01:01:35,025
From the sight of the soil...
866
01:01:36,359 --> 01:01:37,819
And the little church.
867
01:01:40,113 --> 01:01:44,200
They've been told
the eye of god is on them.
868
01:01:44,201 --> 01:01:46,994
And that the whole pageant of the world
was written around them
869
01:01:46,995 --> 01:01:48,246
that they might be saved.
870
01:01:50,707 --> 01:01:52,291
Well, what would they say
if I told them
871
01:01:52,292 --> 01:01:54,126
that they're living
on a little chunk of stone
872
01:01:54,127 --> 01:01:57,088
spinning in empty space
around a second-rate star?
873
01:01:58,548 --> 01:02:00,799
What would be the use
of their Patience, then?
874
01:02:00,800 --> 01:02:02,676
Of the acquiescence
in their misery?
875
01:02:02,677 --> 01:02:04,720
What comfort would there be
in holy scripture
876
01:02:04,721 --> 01:02:08,391
which demonstrates the necessity
of their submission?
877
01:02:10,268 --> 01:02:11,394
And their sweat.
878
01:02:12,646 --> 01:02:15,649
If holy scripture
is shown to be full of error...
879
01:02:17,234 --> 01:02:19,235
Now they'd feel
they'd been cheated.
880
01:02:19,236 --> 01:02:21,320
I can see their eyes waiver.
881
01:02:21,321 --> 01:02:24,615
I can see them put down
their spoons on the table.
882
01:02:24,616 --> 01:02:26,533
Hunger is just
going without food,
883
01:02:26,534 --> 01:02:28,328
not a test of strength,
they'd say.
884
01:02:29,663 --> 01:02:33,083
Effort is just bending and carrying,
not a virtue.
885
01:02:36,211 --> 01:02:39,922
So can you wonder if I see
in the decree of the holy office
886
01:02:39,923 --> 01:02:42,759
a noble and motherly compassion.
887
01:02:43,802 --> 01:02:45,512
A great magnanimity.
888
01:02:48,890 --> 01:02:51,643
Hmm. Well...
889
01:02:55,105 --> 01:02:59,108
At least you found out
that the crux of the matter
890
01:02:59,109 --> 01:03:02,444
is not the satellites
of Jupiter,
891
01:03:02,445 --> 01:03:05,614
but the peasants
of the campagna.
892
01:03:05,615 --> 01:03:06,991
And don't talk to me
893
01:03:06,992 --> 01:03:11,246
about the beauty that radiates
from suffering.
894
01:03:12,872 --> 01:03:18,002
Do you know how a Pearl
develops in an oyster?
895
01:03:18,003 --> 01:03:21,922
A jagged grain of sand gets inside
the oyster shell
896
01:03:21,923 --> 01:03:24,884
and makes its life unbearable.
897
01:03:25,051 --> 01:03:30,180
The oyster exudes slime
to cover the grain of sand.
898
01:03:30,181 --> 01:03:33,852
And that eventually hardens
into a Pearl.
899
01:03:35,312 --> 01:03:38,398
The oyster nearly dies
in the process.
900
01:03:39,816 --> 01:03:43,320
To hell with the Pearl.
Give me the healthy oyster.
901
01:03:44,446 --> 01:03:47,364
Virtues are not
the monopoly of poverty.
902
01:03:47,365 --> 01:03:51,869
If your parents
were prosperous and happy,
903
01:03:51,870 --> 01:03:55,999
they could develop the virtues
of happiness and prosperity.
904
01:03:58,043 --> 01:04:00,754
Do you want me to lie
to your people?
905
01:04:13,391 --> 01:04:16,895
We must be silent
from the highest of motives...
906
01:04:18,271 --> 01:04:21,399
The inward peace
of less fortunate souls.
907
01:04:24,319 --> 01:04:27,738
If I condoned this decree,
908
01:04:27,739 --> 01:04:30,366
and left your parents
undisturbed,
909
01:04:30,367 --> 01:04:34,661
my motives might not
be entirely disinterested.
910
01:04:34,662 --> 01:04:37,665
Easy life, no persecution,
and so on.
911
01:04:39,459 --> 01:04:42,795
Would you like to see
a cellini timepiece
912
01:04:42,796 --> 01:04:47,925
that cardinal bellarmine's
coachman delivered here this morning?
913
01:04:47,926 --> 01:04:52,221
And as a reward for leaving
your mother and father's peace untroubled,
914
01:04:52,222 --> 01:04:57,434
the government offers me the wine
they produce by the sweat of their brow.
915
01:04:57,435 --> 01:05:00,939
The brow, which, as you know,
was made in god's image.
916
01:05:01,773 --> 01:05:03,690
Mr. Galilei, I am a priest.
917
01:05:03,691 --> 01:05:05,193
You're also a physicist.
918
01:05:06,236 --> 01:05:09,405
And you can see
that Venus has phases.
919
01:05:09,406 --> 01:05:13,575
How can new machinery
be evolved to control rivers
920
01:05:13,576 --> 01:05:15,577
if physicists
are forbidden to study
921
01:05:15,578 --> 01:05:18,873
the greatest machinery of all,
the mechanism of the stars?
922
01:05:20,250 --> 01:05:23,710
Can I reconcile my findings
on the paths of falling bodies
923
01:05:23,711 --> 01:05:27,005
with the tracks of witches
riding on broomsticks?
924
01:05:27,006 --> 01:05:29,216
You don't think the truth,
if it is truth,
925
01:05:29,217 --> 01:05:30,802
would make its way without us?
926
01:05:31,344 --> 01:05:32,761
No.
927
01:05:32,762 --> 01:05:36,641
Truth prevails only as far
as we make it prevail.
928
01:05:38,351 --> 01:05:42,729
You speak about
the campagna peasants
929
01:05:42,730 --> 01:05:46,108
as if there were moss
on their huts.
930
01:05:46,109 --> 01:05:50,487
If they don't rouse themselves
and learn to think,
931
01:05:50,488 --> 01:05:54,908
the best irrigation systems
in the world can't help them.
932
01:05:54,909 --> 01:05:58,912
I can see their divine Patience.
933
01:05:58,913 --> 01:06:01,082
But where is their divine wrath?
934
01:06:02,333 --> 01:06:04,001
They're tired.
935
01:06:04,002 --> 01:06:06,254
Are you a physicist?
936
01:06:07,547 --> 01:06:11,925
Here is what draws the ocean
when it ebbs and flows.
937
01:06:11,926 --> 01:06:13,886
Let it lie there.
938
01:06:13,887 --> 01:06:16,014
Thou shalt not read.
939
01:06:21,561 --> 01:06:22,937
Already.
940
01:06:25,356 --> 01:06:27,275
You are a physicist.
941
01:06:28,276 --> 01:06:31,236
An apple of the tree
of knowledge.
942
01:06:31,237 --> 01:06:35,407
He can't wait. He wolfs it down.
943
01:06:35,408 --> 01:06:39,119
He'll rot in hell for all eternity,
and yet, look at him.
944
01:06:39,120 --> 01:06:40,830
Where are his manners?
945
01:06:45,752 --> 01:06:48,462
Sometimes I think...
946
01:06:48,463 --> 01:06:52,925
I would willingly
be imprisoned in a dungeon
947
01:06:52,926 --> 01:06:56,678
fathoms under the earth
if in exchange
948
01:06:56,679 --> 01:06:58,765
I could find out one thing.
949
01:06:59,390 --> 01:07:02,227
What is... light?
950
01:07:05,021 --> 01:07:07,272
And the worst of it is...
951
01:07:07,273 --> 01:07:09,566
When I find something out...
952
01:07:09,567 --> 01:07:11,945
I have to tell others about it.
953
01:07:13,154 --> 01:07:14,656
Like a lover.
954
01:07:15,365 --> 01:07:16,866
Like a drunkard.
955
01:07:17,909 --> 01:07:19,744
Like a traitor.
956
01:07:21,996 --> 01:07:23,998
I don't understand
this sentence.
957
01:07:24,999 --> 01:07:27,376
I'll explain it to you,
fulganzio.
958
01:07:29,837 --> 01:07:31,797
I'll explain it to you.
959
01:07:44,143 --> 01:07:46,979
For eight long years
960
01:07:46,980 --> 01:07:49,690
with tongue in cheek
961
01:07:49,691 --> 01:07:52,025
of what he knew
962
01:07:52,026 --> 01:07:55,153
he did not speak
963
01:07:55,154 --> 01:08:00,742
then temptation grew too great
964
01:08:00,743 --> 01:08:06,291
but Galileo challenged fate
965
01:08:08,293 --> 01:08:09,794
uh, Thursday.
966
01:08:10,587 --> 01:08:13,297
Floating bodies. Again.
967
01:08:13,298 --> 01:08:18,595
So ice, bowl of water,
scales, iron needle.
968
01:08:19,887 --> 01:08:21,389
Aristotle.
969
01:08:33,735 --> 01:08:36,028
Ludovico likes entertaining.
970
01:08:36,029 --> 01:08:39,031
This is for
the long dining table.
971
01:08:39,032 --> 01:08:42,619
It's got to be perfect.
His mother notices every stitch.
972
01:08:45,038 --> 01:08:48,290
She's not too happy about father's books
any more than father jacamo.
973
01:08:48,291 --> 01:08:50,460
Oh, he hasn't written a book
for years.
974
01:08:51,252 --> 01:08:52,879
In Rome, a long time ago,
975
01:08:53,046 --> 01:08:57,633
a very important ecclesiastic
told me things about astronomy.
976
01:08:57,634 --> 01:09:01,595
Virginia, I want to talk to you
about your marriage.
977
01:09:01,596 --> 01:09:04,097
You're such a young thing.
978
01:09:04,098 --> 01:09:06,350
You have no mother.
979
01:09:06,351 --> 01:09:10,063
And your father just puts
pieces of ice on water.
980
01:09:11,147 --> 01:09:13,858
A marriage is too serious
a business.
981
01:09:15,401 --> 01:09:18,946
I wouldn't ask your father
questions about your marriage.
982
01:09:19,989 --> 01:09:22,866
He always says
such dreadful things.
983
01:09:22,867 --> 01:09:26,036
And always at meal times
when the young men are there.
984
01:09:26,037 --> 01:09:29,082
He hasn't half a scudo's worth
of shame in him.
985
01:09:30,375 --> 01:09:31,959
Never has had.
986
01:09:33,586 --> 01:09:36,254
I'm thinking of what
the future has in store.
987
01:09:36,255 --> 01:09:39,716
I think you should go
to see a real astronomer at the university
988
01:09:39,717 --> 01:09:43,011
and have him cast your horoscope
so you'll know where you stand.
989
01:09:44,931 --> 01:09:46,515
What are you laughing at?
990
01:09:46,516 --> 01:09:48,266
Because I've been already.
991
01:09:48,267 --> 01:09:51,728
- Tell me.
- Well, I've got to be very careful
992
01:09:51,729 --> 01:09:54,648
for the next three months
because the sun is in aries.
993
01:09:54,649 --> 01:09:58,777
But after that, I get a very favorable
ascendant, and the clouds will part.
994
01:09:58,778 --> 01:10:00,987
And as long as I don't lose sight
of Jupiter,
995
01:10:00,988 --> 01:10:04,117
I may go on any journey I please
because I'm an aries.
996
01:10:04,951 --> 01:10:06,786
- And ludovico?
- He's a Leo.
997
01:10:07,662 --> 01:10:09,706
That means sensual, I think.
998
01:10:12,583 --> 01:10:16,212
I know that step.
It's Mr. Gaffone, the rector.
999
01:10:25,263 --> 01:10:27,264
- Miss Galilei.
- Mr. Gaffone.
1000
01:10:27,265 --> 01:10:30,225
Just thought I'd bring you a book
that might interest your father.
1001
01:10:30,226 --> 01:10:32,269
It's about the great issue
of the moment.
1002
01:10:32,270 --> 01:10:34,771
Oh, for heaven's sake,
don't disturb Mr. Galilei.
1003
01:10:34,772 --> 01:10:37,899
I can't help feeling that every minute
taken from that great man
1004
01:10:37,900 --> 01:10:40,111
is a minute stolen from Italy.
1005
01:10:41,237 --> 01:10:43,739
I'll just put the book
into your little hands
1006
01:10:43,740 --> 01:10:46,159
and disappear on tiptoe.
1007
01:10:47,076 --> 01:10:48,411
Afternoon.
1008
01:10:51,497 --> 01:10:52,832
Thank you.
1009
01:10:58,629 --> 01:11:00,505
What's that about?
1010
01:11:00,506 --> 01:11:02,090
I don't know.
1011
01:11:02,091 --> 01:11:06,928
- "De maculis in sole..."
- Ah, it's on the sunspots.
1012
01:11:06,929 --> 01:11:08,473
A new one.
1013
01:11:10,683 --> 01:11:12,768
Listen to the dedication:
1014
01:11:12,769 --> 01:11:16,481
"To the greatest living
authority on physics,
1015
01:11:17,148 --> 01:11:19,192
Galileo Galilei."
1016
01:11:21,652 --> 01:11:24,154
I read fabricius' paper
the other day.
1017
01:11:24,155 --> 01:11:29,202
He thinks the spots are clusters of
planets between us and the sun.
1018
01:11:31,245 --> 01:11:33,706
Isn't that doubtful,
Mr. Galilei?
1019
01:11:36,167 --> 01:11:40,129
In Paris and Prague,
they think they're vapors from the sun.
1020
01:11:41,881 --> 01:11:45,300
- Mm.
- Federzoni has his doubts.
1021
01:11:45,301 --> 01:11:47,010
Oh, leave me out.
1022
01:11:47,011 --> 01:11:48,971
I said, "mm." That's all.
1023
01:11:49,847 --> 01:11:52,098
How can I doubt anything?
1024
01:11:52,099 --> 01:11:53,683
I'm lens grinder.
1025
01:11:53,684 --> 01:11:57,312
I grind lenses, you use them.
1026
01:11:57,313 --> 01:12:00,565
You observe the heavens,
and what you see
1027
01:12:00,566 --> 01:12:03,985
is not sunspots,
but a "maculis."
1028
01:12:03,986 --> 01:12:06,363
Don't discuss these new things
in front of me.
1029
01:12:06,364 --> 01:12:08,365
I can't read the books.
It's Latin!
1030
01:12:20,127 --> 01:12:23,297
There is happiness in doubting.
I wonder why?
1031
01:12:24,382 --> 01:12:26,717
Are we going to
take this up, sir?
1032
01:12:30,304 --> 01:12:35,684
Every sunny day for the last fortnight,
I've gone up to the attic.
1033
01:12:35,685 --> 01:12:40,690
A thin beam of light comes down
through a crack in the tiles.
1034
01:12:41,816 --> 01:12:43,275
With...
1035
01:12:43,276 --> 01:12:47,863
With it, you can catch
a reverse image of the sun
1036
01:12:47,864 --> 01:12:50,073
on a piece of paper.
1037
01:12:50,074 --> 01:12:55,788
On the image, I could see
a little blurred spot that moved.
1038
01:12:56,998 --> 01:13:01,502
Why don't we investigate
those spots, Mr. Galilei?
1039
01:13:02,795 --> 01:13:07,591
At the moment, we are investigating
floating bodies.
1040
01:13:07,592 --> 01:13:10,927
Mother has whole baskets
full of letters.
1041
01:13:10,928 --> 01:13:13,096
All of Europe
wants your opinion.
1042
01:13:13,097 --> 01:13:17,934
With the reputation you've built up,
you can't be silent.
1043
01:13:17,935 --> 01:13:25,025
Rome has allowed me to build up
a reputation because I've been silent.
1044
01:13:25,026 --> 01:13:28,361
Well, I don't see how you can
afford to be silent any longer.
1045
01:13:28,362 --> 01:13:33,409
I can't afford to be roasted
on a wood fire like a ham.
1046
01:13:38,164 --> 01:13:43,002
You think the sunspots may have something
to do with that again.
1047
01:13:47,673 --> 01:13:50,926
All right, we'll stick
to filling a bowl with bits of ice.
1048
01:13:50,927 --> 01:13:53,888
- That can't hurt you.
- Exactly.
1049
01:13:55,139 --> 01:13:56,390
Our proposition.
1050
01:13:57,642 --> 01:14:00,852
All things that are lighter
than water float.
1051
01:14:00,853 --> 01:14:04,189
All things that are heavier
sink.
1052
01:14:04,190 --> 01:14:06,150
What does Aristotle say?
1053
01:14:08,569 --> 01:14:10,696
"Discus latus plates...
1054
01:14:11,739 --> 01:14:13,824
Translate, fulganzio.
1055
01:14:15,660 --> 01:14:19,162
"A broad, flat disc of ice
floats in water,
1056
01:14:19,163 --> 01:14:22,374
whereas an iron needle sinks."
1057
01:14:22,375 --> 01:14:28,255
Why then, according to Aristotle,
doesn't ice sink?
1058
01:14:30,341 --> 01:14:35,136
"Because being broad and flat,
it cannot divide the water."
1059
01:14:35,137 --> 01:14:36,347
Very well.
1060
01:14:47,566 --> 01:14:50,194
I press the ice firmly,
1061
01:14:51,070 --> 01:14:53,614
down to the bottom of the bowl.
1062
01:14:56,075 --> 01:14:59,620
Now I remove the pressure
of my hand.
1063
01:15:01,956 --> 01:15:03,374
What happened?
1064
01:15:04,208 --> 01:15:05,793
It rises to the surface.
1065
01:15:06,335 --> 01:15:07,794
Correct.
1066
01:15:07,795 --> 01:15:13,175
In rising, it seems to be able
to divide the water, fulganzio.
1067
01:15:15,344 --> 01:15:17,179
But then why does it float at all?
1068
01:15:18,556 --> 01:15:22,475
Ice is heavier than water
because it is compressed water.
1069
01:15:22,476 --> 01:15:25,604
What if it were expanded water?
1070
01:15:26,897 --> 01:15:31,484
It must be lighter than water
or it wouldn't float.
1071
01:15:31,485 --> 01:15:32,611
Mm-h mm.
1072
01:15:33,904 --> 01:15:36,406
Just as an iron needle
can't float.
1073
01:15:36,407 --> 01:15:39,534
All things that are
lighter than water float.
1074
01:15:39,535 --> 01:15:42,662
All things that are heavier sink.
Q.E.D.
1075
01:15:42,663 --> 01:15:47,418
Andrea, you must learn
to think carefully.
1076
01:15:49,795 --> 01:15:51,672
Give me that iron needle.
1077
01:15:59,346 --> 01:16:00,973
A sheet of paper.
1078
01:16:01,932 --> 01:16:05,227
- Is iron heavier than water?
- Yes.
1079
01:16:20,117 --> 01:16:21,494
What happened?
1080
01:16:29,668 --> 01:16:31,128
It floats.
1081
01:16:32,755 --> 01:16:35,548
Holy Aristotle!
1082
01:16:35,549 --> 01:16:37,717
They never checked up on him.
1083
01:16:50,314 --> 01:16:52,482
Every time I hear them
laugh like that...
1084
01:16:54,944 --> 01:16:56,195
I feel afraid.
1085
01:17:00,783 --> 01:17:02,159
Well!
1086
01:17:02,743 --> 01:17:04,370
Ludovico!
1087
01:17:05,412 --> 01:17:07,038
Oh.
1088
01:17:07,039 --> 01:17:09,207
Oh, why didn't you let us know
you were coming?
1089
01:17:09,208 --> 01:17:12,752
I was merely here inspecting
our vineyards at buccioli.
1090
01:17:12,753 --> 01:17:14,755
I couldn't keep away.
1091
01:17:15,673 --> 01:17:18,217
- Who is that?
- Ludovico.
1092
01:17:20,719 --> 01:17:22,847
- Oh.
- Good day, sir.
1093
01:17:23,597 --> 01:17:25,015
Can't you see him?
1094
01:17:26,016 --> 01:17:27,475
Let's celebrate.
1095
01:17:27,476 --> 01:17:32,063
Sarti, bring us a jug
of that old sicilian wine.
1096
01:17:32,064 --> 01:17:34,941
- How are the horses?
- The horses are fine, sir.
1097
01:17:34,942 --> 01:17:37,611
Fine. Let's sit down.
1098
01:17:41,657 --> 01:17:43,325
Sit down, ludovico.
1099
01:17:47,163 --> 01:17:49,039
You're looking pale.
1100
01:17:50,833 --> 01:17:53,418
Country life will do you good.
1101
01:17:53,419 --> 01:17:55,838
Oh, mother's planning
on September.
1102
01:17:59,550 --> 01:18:02,093
I suppose I oughtn't to.
1103
01:18:02,094 --> 01:18:04,138
Wait a moment,
I have something to show you.
1104
01:18:09,894 --> 01:18:11,936
I hear as many as
a thousand students
1105
01:18:11,937 --> 01:18:14,939
come to hear you lecture
at the university, sir.
1106
01:18:14,940 --> 01:18:16,442
What are you working on
these days?
1107
01:18:17,067 --> 01:18:18,569
Routine stuff.
1108
01:18:19,737 --> 01:18:22,947
- Did you come through Rome?
- Yes.
1109
01:18:22,948 --> 01:18:27,118
Oh, before I forget, mother sends her
congratulations on your restraint
1110
01:18:27,119 --> 01:18:29,121
about the fuss in Holland
of the sunspots.
1111
01:18:29,747 --> 01:18:31,081
Very kind of her.
1112
01:18:35,377 --> 01:18:38,421
Christopher clavius
had all Rome by the ears.
1113
01:18:38,422 --> 01:18:40,757
He said he was afraid this
earth 'round the sun business
1114
01:18:40,758 --> 01:18:43,384
might crop up again
because of these spots.
1115
01:18:43,385 --> 01:18:45,137
Clavius is on the same track.
1116
01:18:46,055 --> 01:18:47,805
Yes.
1117
01:18:47,806 --> 01:18:53,520
What news from the holy city other than
the hope of new aberrations of my part?
1118
01:18:54,271 --> 01:18:55,856
Pope is on his deathbed.
1119
01:18:57,441 --> 01:18:58,734
Hadn't you heard?
1120
01:18:59,693 --> 01:19:01,611
Oh.
1121
01:19:01,612 --> 01:19:05,407
Who do they say is going to be
his successor?
1122
01:19:09,787 --> 01:19:11,413
They say barberini.
1123
01:19:20,297 --> 01:19:21,590
Barberini.
1124
01:19:22,508 --> 01:19:24,676
Mr. Galilei knows barberini.
1125
01:19:24,677 --> 01:19:27,011
Cardinal barberini
is a mathematician.
1126
01:19:27,012 --> 01:19:29,931
A scientist in the chair of Saint Peter.
1127
01:19:31,016 --> 01:19:34,352
We might live to see the day, federzoni,
1128
01:19:34,353 --> 01:19:37,689
when we don't have to
look over our shoulders like criminals
1129
01:19:37,690 --> 01:19:40,776
every time we say
two and two are four.
1130
01:19:55,416 --> 01:19:58,501
Mmm. I like this wine.
1131
01:19:58,502 --> 01:20:00,503
What do you think of it, ludovico?
1132
01:20:00,504 --> 01:20:02,131
I like it.
1133
01:20:03,507 --> 01:20:06,217
I know the hill
where it's grown.
1134
01:20:06,218 --> 01:20:08,469
The slope is steep and stony.
1135
01:20:08,470 --> 01:20:10,389
The grape almost blue.
1136
01:20:13,225 --> 01:20:16,228
- I'm fond of this wine.
- Yes, sir.
1137
01:20:17,271 --> 01:20:20,773
Yes. There are
little shadows in it.
1138
01:20:20,774 --> 01:20:22,692
It's almost sweet.
1139
01:20:22,693 --> 01:20:26,071
Just stops short there. Hm?
1140
01:20:29,283 --> 01:20:30,283
Andrea...
1141
01:20:31,618 --> 01:20:34,162
- Bring in your contraption.
- Really?
1142
01:20:34,163 --> 01:20:36,539
He's starting on the sunspots.
1143
01:20:36,540 --> 01:20:39,500
The pope's convinced
the earth stands still.
1144
01:20:39,501 --> 01:20:41,794
Or so the Bible proves.
1145
01:20:41,795 --> 01:20:44,339
He tries to take it
by the ears...
1146
01:20:44,340 --> 01:20:48,384
And yet, and yet, it moves!
1147
01:20:48,385 --> 01:20:53,014
We might find
that the sun turns, too.
1148
01:20:53,015 --> 01:20:55,434
How would you like that,
Mr. Marsili?
1149
01:21:03,525 --> 01:21:05,068
What's all the excitement?
1150
01:21:05,069 --> 01:21:07,820
You're not going to start
those hellish goings on again, Galileo.
1151
01:21:07,821 --> 01:21:09,782
Correct me if I'm wrong...
1152
01:21:10,616 --> 01:21:13,577
Barberini is in the ascendant.
1153
01:21:14,370 --> 01:21:16,579
Your mother's uneasy.
1154
01:21:16,580 --> 01:21:19,208
And you have been sent
to investigate.
1155
01:21:21,293 --> 01:21:22,669
Clavius is right.
1156
01:21:23,629 --> 01:21:27,674
These sunspots...
Do interest me.
1157
01:21:31,512 --> 01:21:33,638
How do you like my wine,
ludovico?
1158
01:21:33,639 --> 01:21:35,473
I told you I liked it, sir.
1159
01:21:35,474 --> 01:21:37,768
- Do you really like it?
- I like it.
1160
01:21:40,771 --> 01:21:45,234
What has my astronomy
to do with my daughter?
1161
01:21:47,361 --> 01:21:51,323
The phases of Venus don't affect
Virginia's rear end.
1162
01:21:53,117 --> 01:21:55,619
That isn't funny, just vulgar.
1163
01:21:56,703 --> 01:21:59,081
- I'll get Virginia.
- Mrs. Sarti...
1164
01:22:00,833 --> 01:22:03,501
Marriage in families like mine
is not decided
1165
01:22:03,502 --> 01:22:05,920
by sexual considerations alone.
1166
01:22:05,921 --> 01:22:07,881
Oh, was it the family
that kept you
1167
01:22:08,048 --> 01:22:10,175
from marrying my daughter
for eight years.
1168
01:22:11,301 --> 01:22:13,344
My future wife
will have to take her place
1169
01:22:13,345 --> 01:22:14,596
in our village church.
1170
01:22:16,932 --> 01:22:21,185
If a bad man's daughter
sat in the family pew,
1171
01:22:21,186 --> 01:22:24,230
it might stop your peasants
from paying their rent.
1172
01:22:24,231 --> 01:22:25,357
In a way.
1173
01:22:30,446 --> 01:22:32,990
The reflector and the screen...
1174
01:22:34,366 --> 01:22:38,203
Will throw the image of the sun on it
to save our eyes.
1175
01:22:38,954 --> 01:22:40,580
Andrea, your method...
1176
01:22:40,581 --> 01:22:43,207
My mother was positively assured
that you'd undertaken
1177
01:22:43,208 --> 01:22:47,128
not to get mixed up in this
earth 'round the sun business again, sir.
1178
01:22:47,129 --> 01:22:49,297
We had a reactionary pope, then.
1179
01:22:49,298 --> 01:22:51,674
Had? His holiness
isn't dead yet.
1180
01:22:51,675 --> 01:22:54,719
- Pretty nearly.
- Pretty nearly?
1181
01:22:54,720 --> 01:22:56,889
Fifty times, this man will weigh
a chip of ice.
1182
01:22:57,055 --> 01:23:00,349
But when it comes to something
that suits him, he believes it blindly.
1183
01:23:00,350 --> 01:23:03,895
If his holiness dies, the new pope,
whoever he turns out to be,
1184
01:23:03,896 --> 01:23:07,774
will respect the convictions held
by the country's leading families.
1185
01:23:08,859 --> 01:23:10,443
God made the physical world.
1186
01:23:10,444 --> 01:23:11,820
God made the human brain.
1187
01:23:12,571 --> 01:23:14,323
God will allow physics.
1188
01:23:16,450 --> 01:23:19,578
Galileo,
let me tell you something.
1189
01:23:20,579 --> 01:23:22,622
I've watched my son
fall into sin
1190
01:23:22,623 --> 01:23:24,749
for the sake
of these experiments
1191
01:23:24,750 --> 01:23:27,168
and theories and observations.
1192
01:23:27,169 --> 01:23:29,546
And I haven't been able
to do anything about it.
1193
01:23:30,714 --> 01:23:32,924
You set yourself
against the authorities
1194
01:23:32,925 --> 01:23:35,009
and they gave you a warning.
1195
01:23:35,010 --> 01:23:38,889
The greatest cardinal spoke to you
the way you speak to a sick horse.
1196
01:23:39,765 --> 01:23:42,642
But it worked. For a while.
1197
01:23:42,643 --> 01:23:45,853
But two months ago, I caught you
sneaking back to your observations.
1198
01:23:45,854 --> 01:23:47,022
I didn't say anything.
1199
01:23:47,856 --> 01:23:49,149
But I knew.
1200
01:23:50,400 --> 01:23:52,611
And I lit a candle
to St. Joseph.
1201
01:23:55,656 --> 01:23:57,324
It's more than I can bear.
1202
01:23:58,450 --> 01:24:01,827
When we're alone,
you share some sense.
1203
01:24:01,828 --> 01:24:05,414
You say you've got to behave
because it's dangerous not to.
1204
01:24:05,415 --> 01:24:07,917
But two days
of these experiments
1205
01:24:07,918 --> 01:24:10,169
and you're as bad as ever.
1206
01:24:10,170 --> 01:24:13,923
If I lose my eternal salvation because
I stand by a heretic, that's my business.
1207
01:24:13,924 --> 01:24:17,261
But you've no right to trample your
daughter's happiness with your big feet.
1208
01:24:20,556 --> 01:24:22,139
Uncover the telescope.
1209
01:24:22,140 --> 01:24:24,268
Giuseppe, put the luggage
back in the coach.
1210
01:24:25,102 --> 01:24:26,645
Shefllnever get over this.
1211
01:24:27,854 --> 01:24:29,564
You can tell her yourself.
1212
01:24:29,565 --> 01:24:33,276
Mr. Galilei, if we marsilis
were to countenance teaching
1213
01:24:33,277 --> 01:24:37,113
frowned on by the church,
it could unsettle our peasants.
1214
01:24:37,114 --> 01:24:39,991
Don't forget these poor wretches
would get everything mixed up.
1215
01:24:39,992 --> 01:24:42,827
- They're nothing but animals.
- Really?
1216
01:24:42,828 --> 01:24:44,328
I've seen the day
when my poor mother
1217
01:24:44,329 --> 01:24:46,247
has had to have a dog whipped
in front of them
1218
01:24:46,248 --> 01:24:48,207
to remind them to
keep their place.
1219
01:24:48,208 --> 01:24:49,208
Oh.
1220
01:24:50,252 --> 01:24:52,128
You may have occasionally
seen the corn
1221
01:24:52,129 --> 01:24:54,422
waving from the window
of your comfortable coach.
1222
01:24:54,423 --> 01:24:58,259
You've no doubt nibbled our olives or
absentmindedly eaten our cheese.
1223
01:24:58,260 --> 01:25:02,347
But you can have no idea how much
responsibility that sort of thing is.
1224
01:25:03,765 --> 01:25:09,396
What makes you think
I ever eat my cheese absentmindedly?
1225
01:25:10,606 --> 01:25:13,233
- Are we ready?
- Yes, sir.
1226
01:25:14,526 --> 01:25:16,944
It isn't only dogs you whip
1227
01:25:16,945 --> 01:25:19,197
to keep discipline,
is it, marsili?
1228
01:25:22,659 --> 01:25:25,203
Mr. Galilei,
you have a wonderful brain.
1229
01:25:26,246 --> 01:25:27,623
It's a pity.
1230
01:25:28,832 --> 01:25:31,792
- He's threatening you.
- Yes.
1231
01:25:31,793 --> 01:25:38,759
I might unsettle his peasants
and his housekeeper and his agent.
1232
01:25:39,009 --> 01:25:41,636
It's all right.
None of them speak Latin.
1233
01:25:41,637 --> 01:25:45,765
A might write in the vernacular
for the many,
1234
01:25:45,766 --> 01:25:47,768
instead of in Latin for the few.
1235
01:25:50,062 --> 01:25:52,188
What we need for our new ideas
1236
01:25:52,189 --> 01:25:54,983
is people who work
with their hands.
1237
01:25:56,360 --> 01:25:59,904
Who else wants to know
the causes of everything?
1238
01:25:59,905 --> 01:26:03,449
People who never see bread
except on their tables
1239
01:26:03,450 --> 01:26:05,826
don't want to know
how it's baked.
1240
01:26:05,827 --> 01:26:09,581
The bastards would rather
thank god than the baker.
1241
01:26:16,922 --> 01:26:18,256
You've made your decision.
1242
01:26:20,759 --> 01:26:23,011
You'll always be a slave
to your passions.
1243
01:26:23,929 --> 01:26:25,555
Excuse me to Virginia.
1244
01:26:27,182 --> 01:26:29,809
I think it's as well
if I don't see her now.
1245
01:26:29,810 --> 01:26:32,269
The dowry's at your disposal
at any time.
1246
01:26:32,270 --> 01:26:33,188
Good day.
1247
01:26:33,189 --> 01:26:35,481
And our regards to the marsilis,
1248
01:26:35,482 --> 01:26:37,858
who order the earth
to stand still
1249
01:26:37,859 --> 01:26:40,069
so that their castles
won't fall off.
1250
01:26:40,070 --> 01:26:42,905
- And the guidos and the orsinis.
- And the rosellis.
1251
01:26:42,906 --> 01:26:45,616
- And the cesarinis.
- And the gianottis.
1252
01:26:45,617 --> 01:26:47,993
Who'll only kiss the pope's foot
1253
01:26:47,994 --> 01:26:51,748
as long as he tramples
on the people with it.
1254
01:26:57,087 --> 01:26:59,423
The new pope will be
an enlightened man.
1255
01:27:01,675 --> 01:27:03,759
Hm.
1256
01:27:03,760 --> 01:27:10,726
No, let's start observing
these sunspots at our own risk.
1257
01:27:10,892 --> 01:27:16,063
Not counting too much on the protection
of the problematical new pope.
1258
01:27:16,064 --> 01:27:18,274
But fully confident
of dispelling
1259
01:27:18,275 --> 01:27:22,903
that fabricius' star shadows
and the solar vapors of Paris and Prague
1260
01:27:22,904 --> 01:27:25,573
and of proving
that the sun rotates.
1261
01:27:25,574 --> 01:27:27,158
Andrea.
1262
01:27:27,159 --> 01:27:30,620
Reasonably confident of proving
that the sun rotates.
1263
01:27:31,747 --> 01:27:34,915
My intention is not to prove
that I was right,
1264
01:27:34,916 --> 01:27:37,085
but to find out whether
I was right.
1265
01:27:37,878 --> 01:27:39,212
Turn it on the sun.
1266
01:27:45,594 --> 01:27:47,471
I thought
you'd been working at it.
1267
01:27:48,597 --> 01:27:50,182
Do you know when I guessed it?
1268
01:27:51,933 --> 01:27:54,394
When you didn't recognize
Mr. Marsili.
1269
01:28:24,007 --> 01:28:26,134
You sent him away!
1270
01:28:49,449 --> 01:28:51,034
I've got to know.
1271
01:29:29,030 --> 01:29:32,992
When the almighty
made the universe
1272
01:29:32,993 --> 01:29:36,495
he made the earth
and next he made the sun
1273
01:29:36,496 --> 01:29:40,416
then 'round the earth,
he bade the sun to turn
1274
01:29:40,417 --> 01:29:44,461
that's in the Bible, Genesis one
1275
01:29:44,462 --> 01:29:48,257
and since that time,
all beings here below
1276
01:29:48,258 --> 01:29:52,094
were in obedient circles
meant to go
1277
01:30:01,104 --> 01:30:04,982
Around the pope, the cardinals
1278
01:30:04,983 --> 01:30:08,652
around the cardinals,
the bishops
1279
01:30:08,653 --> 01:30:11,906
around the bishops,
the ministers
1280
01:30:11,907 --> 01:30:14,909
- Oh-ho!
- Around the ministers
1281
01:30:14,910 --> 01:30:16,493
the aldermen
1282
01:30:16,494 --> 01:30:19,872
around the alderman,
the craftsmen
1283
01:30:19,873 --> 01:30:23,375
around the craftsmen,
the servants
1284
01:30:23,376 --> 01:30:29,883
around the servants, the dogs,
the chickens and the beggars
1285
01:30:31,426 --> 01:30:36,263
up stood the learned Galileo
1286
01:30:36,264 --> 01:30:40,351
glanced briefly at the sun
1287
01:30:40,352 --> 01:30:43,729
and said almighty god was wrong
1288
01:30:43,730 --> 01:30:48,485
in Genesis chapter one
1289
01:30:49,653 --> 01:30:53,155
and that is bold, my friends
1290
01:30:53,156 --> 01:30:56,325
this is no matter small
1291
01:30:56,326 --> 01:31:01,246
for heresies could spread at once
like bad diseases
1292
01:31:01,247 --> 01:31:04,166
change holy writ, forsooth?
1293
01:31:04,167 --> 01:31:07,586
What would be left at all?
1294
01:31:07,587 --> 01:31:10,714
Why each of us would say and do
1295
01:31:10,715 --> 01:31:14,927
just as he pleases
1296
01:31:14,928 --> 01:31:17,805
as he pleases
1297
01:31:17,806 --> 01:31:20,933
As he pleases
1298
01:31:33,488 --> 01:31:38,117
Good people,
what will come to pass
1299
01:31:38,118 --> 01:31:42,496
if Galileo's teachings spread?
1300
01:31:42,497 --> 01:31:46,208
No altar boy will serve the mass
1301
01:31:47,585 --> 01:31:52,006
No servant girl
will make the beds
1302
01:31:52,007 --> 01:31:55,634
now that is grave, my friends
1303
01:31:55,635 --> 01:31:59,304
this is no matter small
1304
01:31:59,305 --> 01:32:04,226
an independent spirit
spreads like bad diseases
1305
01:32:04,227 --> 01:32:08,731
for life is sweet
and man is weak
1306
01:32:08,732 --> 01:32:11,316
and after all
1307
01:32:11,317 --> 01:32:13,861
how good it is just for a change
1308
01:32:13,862 --> 01:32:19,033
to do just as one pleases
1309
01:32:19,034 --> 01:32:22,077
as one pleases
1310
01:32:22,078 --> 01:32:25,831
As one pleases
1311
01:32:45,435 --> 01:32:50,439
The carpenters take wood
and build
1312
01:32:50,440 --> 01:32:54,985
their houses,
not the church '5 pews
1313
01:32:54,986 --> 01:32:59,531
the members
of the cobbler's guild
1314
01:32:59,532 --> 01:33:04,286
now boldly walk the streets
in shoes
1315
01:33:04,287 --> 01:33:08,874
the tenant kicks the noble lord
1316
01:33:08,875 --> 01:33:13,545
right off his land like that
1317
01:33:13,546 --> 01:33:18,175
the milk the wife
once fed the priest
1318
01:33:18,176 --> 01:33:22,055
now makes at last
her children fat
1319
01:33:23,765 --> 01:33:27,935
now that is grave my friends
1320
01:33:27,936 --> 01:33:32,439
this is no matter small
1321
01:33:32,440 --> 01:33:38,612
an independent spirit
spreads like bad diseases
1322
01:33:38,613 --> 01:33:43,325
for life is sweet
and man is weak
1323
01:33:43,326 --> 01:33:45,911
and after all
1324
01:33:45,912 --> 01:33:48,622
how good it is just for a change
1325
01:33:48,623 --> 01:33:54,086
to do just as one pleases
1326
01:33:54,087 --> 01:33:57,548
as one pleases
1327
01:33:57,549 --> 01:34:00,759
As one pleases
1328
01:34:37,547 --> 01:34:42,259
The duchess washes her chimneys
1329
01:34:42,260 --> 01:34:46,847
the emperor has to
fetch his beer
1330
01:34:46,848 --> 01:34:51,643
his troops make love
behind the trees
1331
01:34:51,644 --> 01:34:55,523
commands they do not hear
1332
01:34:56,482 --> 01:35:00,068
now that I think of it
1333
01:35:00,069 --> 01:35:03,740
I feel that I could
also use a change
1334
01:35:05,033 --> 01:35:09,077
you know for me you have appeal
1335
01:35:09,078 --> 01:35:13,207
maybe tonight we could arrange
1336
01:35:13,208 --> 01:35:17,628
no, no, no, no, no, no, stop
1337
01:35:17,629 --> 01:35:21,256
Galileo, stop
1338
01:35:21,257 --> 01:35:26,386
an independent spirit spreads
as do diseases
1339
01:35:26,387 --> 01:35:29,932
people must keep their place
1340
01:35:29,933 --> 01:35:32,644
some down and some on top
1341
01:35:34,020 --> 01:35:36,480
still it feels good
just for a change
1342
01:35:36,481 --> 01:35:42,236
to do just as one pleases
1343
01:35:42,237 --> 01:35:45,322
as one pleases
1344
01:35:45,323 --> 01:35:48,701
As one pleases
1345
01:35:51,871 --> 01:35:54,457
good creatures
1346
01:35:54,624 --> 01:36:00,212
who have trouble here below
1347
01:36:00,213 --> 01:36:04,925
in serving cruel lords
1348
01:36:04,926 --> 01:36:09,805
and gentle Jesus
1349
01:36:09,806 --> 01:36:12,224
who bids you
1350
01:36:12,225 --> 01:36:17,646
turn the other cheek just so
1351
01:36:17,647 --> 01:36:20,816
while they get set
1352
01:36:20,817 --> 01:36:25,446
to strike the second blow
1353
01:36:26,489 --> 01:36:29,491
Obedience
1354
01:36:29,492 --> 01:36:35,914
will never cure your woe
1355
01:36:35,915 --> 01:36:40,002
let each of us get wise
and do for once
1356
01:36:40,003 --> 01:36:45,340
just as he pleases
1357
01:36:45,341 --> 01:36:52,682
as he pleases
1358
01:36:56,227 --> 01:36:58,562
hurry, hurry, hurry!
1359
01:36:58,563 --> 01:37:01,189
Presenting Galileo's phenomenon,
1360
01:37:01,190 --> 01:37:04,610
the earth rounding
around the sun!
1361
01:37:19,292 --> 01:37:20,417
A procession.
1362
01:38:30,238 --> 01:38:37,119
The depths are hot
1363
01:38:37,120 --> 01:38:44,251
the heights are chill
1364
01:38:44,252 --> 01:38:51,217
the streets are loud
1365
01:38:53,469 --> 01:38:59,767
the court is still
1366
01:39:11,237 --> 01:39:14,449
The grand Duke's
been keeping us waiting a long time.
1367
01:39:15,992 --> 01:39:17,617
Yes.
1368
01:39:17,618 --> 01:39:19,161
Will he say
your book is heretical?
1369
01:39:19,162 --> 01:39:23,290
You hang around church too much.
1370
01:39:23,291 --> 01:39:29,130
Getting up at dawn and scurrying to mass
is ruining your complexion.
1371
01:39:34,010 --> 01:39:35,970
You pray for me, don't you?
1372
01:39:36,637 --> 01:39:38,389
I've been worried.
1373
01:39:44,812 --> 01:39:46,354
It's that man over there, again.
1374
01:39:46,355 --> 01:39:48,483
The one who's always hanging
'round the house.
1375
01:39:51,736 --> 01:39:53,862
Here's Mr. Vanni,
the iron founder.
1376
01:39:53,863 --> 01:39:55,447
The one you designed
the furnace for.
1377
01:39:55,448 --> 01:39:58,074
Don't forget to thank him
for the quail he sent us.
1378
01:39:58,075 --> 01:40:00,410
How were the quail, Mr. Galilei?
1379
01:40:00,411 --> 01:40:01,661
Excellent.
1380
01:40:01,662 --> 01:40:03,705
Again, many thanks.
1381
01:40:03,706 --> 01:40:05,582
They were talking
about you upstairs.
1382
01:40:05,583 --> 01:40:07,542
They're saying you're
responsible for the new crop
1383
01:40:07,543 --> 01:40:09,462
of pamphlets against the Bible.
1384
01:40:10,379 --> 01:40:13,924
I know nothing about pamphlets.
1385
01:40:13,925 --> 01:40:16,551
Homer and the Bible
are my favorite reading.
1386
01:40:16,552 --> 01:40:17,887
It doesn't bother me.
1387
01:40:18,054 --> 01:40:19,638
I'm glad of this chance
to tell you
1388
01:40:19,639 --> 01:40:22,891
that we, the manufacturers,
are on your side.
1389
01:40:22,892 --> 01:40:25,060
I don't know much
about the motions of the stars,
1390
01:40:25,061 --> 01:40:28,522
but you're fighting for the freedom
to teach new knowledge.
1391
01:40:28,523 --> 01:40:31,942
Take that mechanical cultivator
in German you told me about.
1392
01:40:31,943 --> 01:40:34,070
I can tell you it'll
never be used in this country.
1393
01:40:35,696 --> 01:40:38,532
Your opinion carries weight,
vanni.
1394
01:40:38,533 --> 01:40:40,575
Well, I hope so.
1395
01:40:40,576 --> 01:40:45,205
Did you know they have money markets
in Amsterdam and London?
1396
01:40:45,206 --> 01:40:48,083
Here, we're not even free
to make money.
1397
01:40:48,084 --> 01:40:51,128
We sink or swim with men like you,
Mr. Galilei.
1398
01:40:52,421 --> 01:40:56,341
If they ever try anything,
Mr. Galilei,
1399
01:40:56,342 --> 01:40:59,594
remember you have friends
in every branch of industry.
1400
01:40:59,595 --> 01:41:02,348
The cities of northern Italy
are behind you.
1401
01:41:04,267 --> 01:41:08,854
As far as I know,
nobody's thinking of harming me.
1402
01:41:09,772 --> 01:41:10,731
No?
1403
01:41:10,732 --> 01:41:12,233
No.
1404
01:41:14,068 --> 01:41:17,070
In my opinion,
you'd be better off in venice.
1405
01:41:17,071 --> 01:41:18,990
You could put up a fight
from there.
1406
01:41:19,991 --> 01:41:22,200
I have a coach and horses.
1407
01:41:22,201 --> 01:41:25,495
I don't see myself as a refugee.
1408
01:41:25,496 --> 01:41:27,873
I like my comfort.
1409
01:41:28,040 --> 01:41:31,626
Yes, but from what I hear,
there's an element of time involved.
1410
01:41:31,627 --> 01:41:34,129
I got the impression
they'd be relieved
1411
01:41:34,130 --> 01:41:36,464
if you were
out of Florence just now.
1412
01:41:36,465 --> 01:41:38,009
Nonsense.
1413
01:41:38,926 --> 01:41:40,886
The Duke is my pupil.
1414
01:41:41,804 --> 01:41:43,805
Not to mention the fact that
1415
01:41:43,806 --> 01:41:45,682
if anybody tries anything
in Rome,
1416
01:41:45,683 --> 01:41:48,810
the pope himself
will tell him where to get off.
1417
01:41:48,811 --> 01:41:52,897
You don't seem to know your
friends from your enemies, Mr. Galilei.
1418
01:41:52,898 --> 01:41:55,026
I know who's in power.
1419
01:41:58,779 --> 01:41:59,779
Well.
1420
01:42:00,448 --> 01:42:01,449
Good luck to you.
1421
01:42:25,181 --> 01:42:27,767
What is the cardinal inquisitor
doing in Florence?
1422
01:42:28,934 --> 01:42:30,144
I don't know.
1423
01:42:30,978 --> 01:42:33,022
He was not disrespectful.
1424
01:42:35,650 --> 01:42:37,068
The lord Chamberlain.
1425
01:42:39,987 --> 01:42:43,365
His highness had hoped
to find time for you, Mr. Galilei.
1426
01:42:43,366 --> 01:42:48,662
Unfortunately, he has leave immediately
to judge the parade at the riding academy.
1427
01:42:48,663 --> 01:42:51,748
On what business did you wish
to see his highness?
1428
01:42:51,749 --> 01:42:55,211
Um, I wanted to present my book.
1429
01:42:57,088 --> 01:42:59,423
How are your eyes today?
1430
01:43:00,049 --> 01:43:01,716
So-so.
1431
01:43:01,717 --> 01:43:05,345
With his highness' permission,
I'm dedicate...
1432
01:43:05,346 --> 01:43:09,891
Your eyes are a matter
of great concern to his highness.
1433
01:43:09,892 --> 01:43:14,145
Could it be that you had been
looking too long and too often
1434
01:43:14,146 --> 01:43:16,190
through your marvelous tube?
1435
01:43:20,903 --> 01:43:22,654
Father, I'm afraid.
1436
01:43:22,655 --> 01:43:24,281
Don't show your feelings.
1437
01:43:24,990 --> 01:43:26,449
We're not going home.
1438
01:43:26,450 --> 01:43:28,535
We're going
to the glass cutters.
1439
01:43:28,536 --> 01:43:32,831
I've arranged with him to have a cart
ready to take us away at any time.
1440
01:43:32,832 --> 01:43:35,417
- Mr. Galilei?
- Don't look 'round.
1441
01:43:35,418 --> 01:43:37,752
Mr. Galilei.
1442
01:43:37,753 --> 01:43:40,672
His highness has just charged me
to inform you
1443
01:43:40,673 --> 01:43:44,676
that the florentine court
can no longer oppose the request
1444
01:43:44,677 --> 01:43:48,597
of the holy inquisition
to interrogate you in Rome.
1445
01:43:51,308 --> 01:43:54,979
The carriage
of the holy inquisition is waiting.
1446
01:44:37,980 --> 01:44:40,566
The pope
1447
01:45:18,938 --> 01:45:21,232
No, no, no.
1448
01:45:23,859 --> 01:45:25,653
Oh, the shuffling feet.
1449
01:45:29,698 --> 01:45:32,033
Doctors of all the faculties,
1450
01:45:32,034 --> 01:45:36,121
representatives of all the religious
orders of the entire clergy...
1451
01:45:37,915 --> 01:45:41,000
Who have come believing
with childlike faith in the word of god
1452
01:45:41,001 --> 01:45:43,878
as set forth in the scriptures,
1453
01:45:43,879 --> 01:45:46,674
who have come to hear
your holiness confirm their faith.
1454
01:45:51,220 --> 01:45:54,138
And your holiness
is really going to tell them
1455
01:45:54,139 --> 01:45:58,977
that the Bible can no longer be regarded
as the alphabet truth.
1456
01:45:58,978 --> 01:46:03,023
I will not set myself up
against the multiplication table, no.
1457
01:46:04,900 --> 01:46:07,277
It is what these people say,
1458
01:46:07,278 --> 01:46:10,488
that it is only
the multiplication table.
1459
01:46:10,489 --> 01:46:13,409
Their cry is,
"figures compel us."
1460
01:46:14,451 --> 01:46:16,412
But where do the figures
come from?
1461
01:46:17,413 --> 01:46:19,415
Plainly, they come from doubt.
1462
01:46:22,251 --> 01:46:23,878
These people doubt everything.
1463
01:46:25,880 --> 01:46:29,592
Can society stand on doubt
instead of on faith?
1464
01:46:35,598 --> 01:46:37,266
“You are my master.
1465
01:46:38,642 --> 01:46:41,020
And I doubt whether
that is a good arrangement.
1466
01:46:42,938 --> 01:46:45,315
This is your house, your wife,
1467
01:46:45,316 --> 01:46:47,568
but I doubt whether
they shouldn't be mine."
1468
01:46:49,570 --> 01:46:51,446
After the plague,
1469
01:46:51,447 --> 01:46:53,615
after the new war,
1470
01:46:53,616 --> 01:46:56,576
and after the unparalleled
disaster of the reformation,
1471
01:46:56,577 --> 01:46:59,788
your dwindling flock
is looking to its Shepherd.
1472
01:47:01,123 --> 01:47:03,416
And now these worms
of mathematicians
1473
01:47:03,417 --> 01:47:06,210
choose this moment
to turn their tubes upon the sky
1474
01:47:06,211 --> 01:47:10,966
and announce that your holiness has not
the best advice about the heavens either.
1475
01:47:12,384 --> 01:47:15,219
This man is the greatest physicist
of our time.
1476
01:47:15,220 --> 01:47:18,890
He is the life of Italy,
not just some crank.
1477
01:47:18,891 --> 01:47:20,893
Would we have had
to arrest him otherwise?
1478
01:47:23,395 --> 01:47:25,188
Aristotle...
1479
01:47:25,189 --> 01:47:30,318
Whom these renegades otherwise
regard as a dead dog, said...
1480
01:47:30,319 --> 01:47:33,780
"If the shuttle were to weave
by itself,
1481
01:47:33,781 --> 01:47:36,866
masters would no longer
need apprentices
1482
01:47:36,867 --> 01:47:38,994
nor lords servants.
1483
01:47:40,037 --> 01:47:43,289
Well, they believe
this time has come.
1484
01:47:43,290 --> 01:47:45,541
And this evil man
knows what he's doing.
1485
01:47:45,542 --> 01:47:48,879
And he writes his books
not in Latin,
1486
01:47:49,046 --> 01:47:52,298
but in the language of
iron founders and fishwives.
1487
01:47:52,299 --> 01:47:55,094
Well, it's certainly
not in the best of taste.
1488
01:47:56,011 --> 01:47:57,721
I'll mention it to him.
1489
01:48:02,851 --> 01:48:05,269
The seaports
of northern Italy keep insisting
1490
01:48:05,270 --> 01:48:07,398
they must have Galileo's star charts.
1491
01:48:08,399 --> 01:48:10,692
Well, we shall have to give in.
1492
01:48:10,693 --> 01:48:13,237
There are material interests
involved.
1493
01:48:14,863 --> 01:48:17,824
But the star charts are based
on his heretical teachings.
1494
01:48:17,825 --> 01:48:20,703
We cannot damn the teachings
and still use the star charts.
1495
01:48:21,537 --> 01:48:23,372
No, you cannot do otherwise.
1496
01:48:26,542 --> 01:48:29,294
All those shuffling feet
make me nervous.
1497
01:48:31,046 --> 01:48:34,174
May they be more telling
than my words, your holiness.
1498
01:48:37,636 --> 01:48:41,140
Shall all these go from you
with doubt in their hearts?
1499
01:48:42,433 --> 01:48:44,767
But this man has friends.
1500
01:48:44,768 --> 01:48:46,853
What about France?
1501
01:48:46,854 --> 01:48:48,479
What about the viennese court?
1502
01:48:48,480 --> 01:48:50,648
They will call the church
a cesspool of defunct ideas.
1503
01:48:50,649 --> 01:48:52,066
Keep your hands off him.
1504
01:48:52,067 --> 01:48:54,570
Well, actually, we shouldn't
have to go very far.
1505
01:48:55,571 --> 01:48:57,655
He's a man of the flesh.
1506
01:48:57,656 --> 01:48:59,658
Oh, he'd cave in very quickly.
1507
01:49:01,285 --> 01:49:03,953
Well, he likes eating,
1508
01:49:03,954 --> 01:49:07,833
drinking and thinking
more than any man I ever knew.
1509
01:49:09,001 --> 01:49:11,837
He gets pleasure
out of everything.
1510
01:49:12,796 --> 01:49:15,174
Even his thinking is central.
1511
01:49:16,133 --> 01:49:18,926
He indulges in thinking bouts.
1512
01:49:18,927 --> 01:49:23,390
He could never say no
to an old wine or a new idea.
1513
01:49:26,894 --> 01:49:29,604
I don't want
any condemnation of physical facts.
1514
01:49:29,605 --> 01:49:31,981
I don't want to hear
any battle cries of
1515
01:49:31,982 --> 01:49:35,443
"church, church, church,
reason, reason, reason."
1516
01:49:37,613 --> 01:49:40,823
I gave him leave to write his book
on condition it ended by saying
1517
01:49:40,824 --> 01:49:44,118
the last word is not with science
but with faith.
1518
01:49:44,119 --> 01:49:47,121
- He has complied.
- But how?
1519
01:49:47,122 --> 01:49:51,334
His book shows a simpleton propounding
the opinions of Aristotle
1520
01:49:51,335 --> 01:49:55,005
and an intelligent man
expressing Galileo's own views.
1521
01:49:56,340 --> 01:49:59,133
And who makes the concluding remark,
your holiness?
1522
01:49:59,134 --> 01:50:00,927
But who states our opinion?
1523
01:50:00,928 --> 01:50:02,846
Not the intelligent one.
1524
01:50:05,349 --> 01:50:07,267
Oh, these shuffling feet
are intolerable.
1525
01:50:11,313 --> 01:50:13,440
Has the whole world come to me?
1526
01:50:16,610 --> 01:50:19,238
At the very most,
he may be shown the instruments.
1527
01:50:20,364 --> 01:50:22,950
That will be enough,
your holiness.
1528
01:50:24,368 --> 01:50:27,870
Mr. Galilei
understands machinery.
1529
01:50:33,669 --> 01:50:39,215
June 22, 1633
1530
01:50:39,216 --> 01:50:42,885
a momentous day
1531
01:50:42,886 --> 01:50:46,222
for you and me
1532
01:50:46,223 --> 01:50:49,725
of all the days
1533
01:50:49,726 --> 01:50:51,978
that was the one
1534
01:50:51,979 --> 01:50:58,902
the age of reason
could have begun
1535
01:51:18,797 --> 01:51:20,465
23 days.
1536
01:51:23,427 --> 01:51:26,013
And the pope hasn't even
granted him an audience.
1537
01:51:32,603 --> 01:51:35,104
No more scientific discussions.
1538
01:51:38,901 --> 01:51:40,527
The discorsi...
1539
01:51:42,112 --> 01:51:44,531
The sum of his findings
will never be finished.
1540
01:51:45,199 --> 01:51:46,199
They'll kill him.
1541
01:51:49,077 --> 01:51:50,746
Do you really think so?
1542
01:51:51,622 --> 01:51:53,874
He'll never recant.
1543
01:52:21,068 --> 01:52:23,362
You know how when
you lie awake at night...
1544
01:52:24,947 --> 01:52:27,282
Your mind will fasten
onto one thing?
1545
01:52:29,534 --> 01:52:31,577
Last night I kept thinking,
if only they'd let him
1546
01:52:31,578 --> 01:52:34,705
take his little stone
in with him.
1547
01:52:34,706 --> 01:52:38,043
The appeal to reason pebble
he always carries in his pocket.
1548
01:52:40,170 --> 01:52:44,466
In the room they'll be taking him to,
people don't wear pockets.
1549
01:52:45,092 --> 01:52:46,677
They won't dare.
1550
01:52:47,719 --> 01:52:51,974
And if they do,
he'll never recant.
1551
01:52:53,225 --> 01:52:55,101
How can they beat the truth out of a man
1552
01:52:55,102 --> 01:52:56,812
who gave his sight to see?
1553
01:52:59,690 --> 01:53:01,107
Maybe they can't.
1554
01:53:10,701 --> 01:53:13,160
She is praying
that he will recant.
1555
01:53:13,161 --> 01:53:14,496
Leave her alone.
1556
01:53:16,915 --> 01:53:21,086
She doesn't know whether she's on her head
or her heels since they talked to her.
1557
01:53:25,757 --> 01:53:28,385
They brought her confessor
from Florence.
1558
01:53:29,386 --> 01:53:31,722
Mr. Galilei will be here soon.
1559
01:53:33,265 --> 01:53:35,391
You may need a bed.
1560
01:53:35,392 --> 01:53:37,601
Has he been released?
1561
01:53:37,602 --> 01:53:41,605
Mr. Galilei is expected
to recant at five o'clock.
1562
01:53:41,606 --> 01:53:45,651
As soon as he recants,
the big bell of Santa Maria will be rung,
1563
01:53:45,652 --> 01:53:50,114
and the complete text
of his recantation publicly announced.
1564
01:53:50,115 --> 01:53:52,284
I don't believe it.
1565
01:53:56,079 --> 01:53:59,749
Mr. Galilei will be brought here
to the back of the embassy
1566
01:53:59,750 --> 01:54:02,961
to avoid the crowds
collecting in the street.
1567
01:54:10,552 --> 01:54:14,598
The moon is an earth
and has no light of its own.
1568
01:54:15,640 --> 01:54:17,893
Venus has no light
of its own, either.
1569
01:54:18,977 --> 01:54:21,813
Like the earth,
it moves 'round the sun.
1570
01:54:22,814 --> 01:54:25,191
Four moons
revolve around Jupiter,
1571
01:54:25,192 --> 01:54:28,277
which is as far away
as the fixed stars
1572
01:54:28,278 --> 01:54:32,656
and not fixed
to any crystal sphere.
1573
01:54:32,657 --> 01:54:37,870
The sun is the center of the universe
and immovable.
1574
01:54:37,871 --> 01:54:43,209
The earth is not the center
and is not immovable!
1575
01:54:46,713 --> 01:54:50,467
And he was the man
who proved it.
1576
01:54:51,593 --> 01:54:54,471
A man can't unsee
what he has seen.
1577
01:55:06,608 --> 01:55:08,485
Well, it's five o'clock.
1578
01:55:12,656 --> 01:55:14,950
Damned for telling the truth.
1579
01:55:20,497 --> 01:55:21,873
No bell.
1580
01:55:25,919 --> 01:55:26,919
No bell.
1581
01:55:27,587 --> 01:55:28,839
It's after the hour.
1582
01:55:36,388 --> 01:55:37,764
He hasn't!
1583
01:55:38,723 --> 01:55:40,016
He hasn't!
1584
01:55:42,811 --> 01:55:44,020
He held firm.
1585
01:55:46,148 --> 01:55:47,190
It's all right.
1586
01:55:49,651 --> 01:55:50,651
It's all right.
1587
01:55:51,611 --> 01:55:54,905
He didn't recant.
1588
01:55:54,906 --> 01:55:58,076
Oh, no!
1589
01:55:59,411 --> 01:56:01,120
So...
1590
01:56:01,121 --> 01:56:03,289
Force isn't everything.
1591
01:56:03,290 --> 01:56:05,416
Stupidity isn't invincible.
1592
01:56:05,417 --> 01:56:09,087
Man is steadfast
in the face of death!
1593
01:56:09,754 --> 01:56:14,300
June the 22nd, 1633,
1594
01:56:14,301 --> 01:56:16,887
the dawn of the age of reason.
1595
01:56:18,513 --> 01:56:21,807
I wouldn't have wanted to go on living
if he'd recanted.
1596
01:56:21,808 --> 01:56:24,227
I didn't say anything,
but I was in agony.
1597
01:56:25,187 --> 01:56:27,480
Oh, ye of little faith!
1598
01:56:27,481 --> 01:56:30,316
I was sure. I was sure.
1599
01:56:30,317 --> 01:56:34,069
It would've been as if the day
had turned back to night again.
1600
01:56:34,070 --> 01:56:37,323
As if the mountain said, "I am water."
1601
01:56:37,324 --> 01:56:38,741
Oh, thank god!
1602
01:56:38,742 --> 01:56:42,661
That god and humanity
can lift its head,
1603
01:56:42,662 --> 01:56:48,459
for one man has stood up
and said, "no!"
1604
01:56:55,258 --> 01:56:57,344
The great bell of Santa Maria.
1605
01:56:58,011 --> 01:57:00,222
He is not damned!
1606
01:57:08,980 --> 01:57:12,274
"I, Galileo Galilei,
1607
01:57:12,275 --> 01:57:15,277
teacher of mathematics
and physics,
1608
01:57:15,278 --> 01:57:18,030
at the university of Florence,
1609
01:57:18,031 --> 01:57:21,825
do hereby publicly
renounce my teaching
1610
01:57:21,826 --> 01:57:26,330
that the sun is the center
of the universe and motionless
1611
01:57:26,331 --> 01:57:31,627
and the earth is not the center
and not motionless.
1612
01:57:31,628 --> 01:57:38,425
I forswear this teaching
with a sincere heart and unfaded faith,
1613
01:57:38,426 --> 01:57:41,512
and I abjure,
condemn and execrate
1614
01:57:41,513 --> 01:57:45,266
this and all other errors
and heresies
1615
01:57:45,267 --> 01:57:49,813
contrary to the teaching
of holy church.
1616
01:58:06,496 --> 01:58:07,831
So...
1617
01:58:09,416 --> 01:58:11,876
The mountain turned to water.
1618
01:58:13,461 --> 01:58:15,296
I can't look at him.
1619
01:58:15,297 --> 01:58:17,716
- Tell him to go away!
- Steady.
1620
01:58:20,010 --> 01:58:24,180
He saved his big gut!
1621
01:58:28,768 --> 01:58:30,604
Get him a drink.
1622
01:58:47,579 --> 01:58:49,289
I can walk, I can...
1623
01:58:50,373 --> 01:58:52,208
If you just help me a little...
1624
01:59:02,802 --> 01:59:05,472
Unhappy is the land...
1625
01:59:06,765 --> 01:59:08,475
That has no heroes.
1626
01:59:14,356 --> 01:59:15,607
Incorrect.
1627
01:59:16,900 --> 01:59:18,943
Unhappy is the land...
1628
01:59:19,569 --> 01:59:21,237
That needs a hero.
1629
01:59:53,019 --> 02:00:00,025
Sixteen hundred thirty three
1630
02:00:00,026 --> 02:00:06,991
to 1642
1631
02:00:10,036 --> 02:00:14,123
Galileo
1632
02:00:14,124 --> 02:00:21,088
Galilei
1633
02:00:21,089 --> 02:00:26,593
is a prisoner
1634
02:00:26,594 --> 02:00:33,600
of the inquisition
1635
02:00:33,601 --> 02:00:37,981
until his death
1636
02:00:59,794 --> 02:01:01,588
I was told to deliver this.
1637
02:01:02,380 --> 02:01:04,339
I didn't order a goose.
1638
02:01:04,340 --> 02:01:07,343
I was told to say it was from
someone who was passing through.
1639
02:01:15,643 --> 02:01:18,438
Someone who was passing through
sent you this.
1640
02:01:19,439 --> 02:01:20,648
What is it?
1641
02:01:21,232 --> 02:01:22,400
Can't you see?
1642
02:01:23,443 --> 02:01:24,444
No.
1643
02:01:25,653 --> 02:01:26,863
A goose.
1644
02:01:28,114 --> 02:01:30,200
- Any name?
- No.
1645
02:01:31,242 --> 02:01:33,285
I'll eat the liver.
1646
02:01:33,286 --> 02:01:36,498
Have it cooked
with an apple and an onion.
1647
02:01:41,503 --> 02:01:44,506
Tell them to cook the liver
with an apple and a little onion.
1648
02:01:48,051 --> 02:01:49,843
We ought to get the eye doctor
for father.
1649
02:01:49,844 --> 02:01:51,346
He couldn't see what it was.
1650
02:01:52,305 --> 02:01:54,389
Has he started to write again?
1651
02:01:54,390 --> 02:01:57,184
No. You know he's been
dictating his book to me.
1652
02:01:57,185 --> 02:02:00,729
I gave you pages 131 and 132.
1653
02:02:00,730 --> 02:02:02,357
They were the last.
1654
02:02:08,863 --> 02:02:10,365
He's an old fox.
1655
02:02:17,038 --> 02:02:19,832
You ought to have been able
to see that goose.
1656
02:02:19,833 --> 02:02:23,669
- You were standing in my light...
- No, I wasn't.
1657
02:02:23,670 --> 02:02:26,256
You're straining your eyes
playing with that ball.
1658
02:02:27,549 --> 02:02:30,175
You may read me some Horace.
1659
02:02:30,176 --> 02:02:33,762
We ought to get on with your weekly letter
to the archbishop.
1660
02:02:33,763 --> 02:02:37,058
I've been told he's very pleased
with your cooperativeness.
1661
02:02:37,809 --> 02:02:39,143
Where were we?
1662
02:02:41,062 --> 02:02:45,858
- Paragraph four.
- Read what you have.
1663
02:02:45,859 --> 02:02:49,820
“The position of the church in the matter
of the unrest at genoa.
1664
02:02:49,821 --> 02:02:52,072
I agree with the opinion
of cardinal spoletti
1665
02:02:52,073 --> 02:02:55,075
on the matter of the unrest
amongst the venetian bell rope makers."
1666
02:02:55,076 --> 02:03:00,330
Yes, yes, yes. I agree with the opinion
of cardinal spoletti
1667
02:03:00,331 --> 02:03:04,835
about the unrest among
the rope makers.
1668
02:03:04,836 --> 02:03:09,548
It's better
to distribute good soup
1669
02:03:09,549 --> 02:03:11,925
in the name of charity
1670
02:03:11,926 --> 02:03:17,264
than to pay more
to the bell rope makers.
1671
02:03:17,265 --> 02:03:23,062
Saint Paul says,
"charity never faileth."
1672
02:03:23,855 --> 02:03:25,355
How is that?
1673
02:03:25,356 --> 02:03:27,358
- It's beautiful, father.
- Good.
1674
02:03:28,192 --> 02:03:30,236
Couldn't be taken as irony?
1675
02:03:32,196 --> 02:03:34,364
-Good.
1676
02:03:34,365 --> 02:03:37,159
The archbishop will like it.
It's so practical.
1677
02:03:37,160 --> 02:03:39,913
Mm, I trust your judgment.
1678
02:03:40,997 --> 02:03:43,082
Read it over slowly.
1679
02:03:45,752 --> 02:03:49,338
"The position of the church
in the matter of the unrest at genoa.
1680
02:03:49,339 --> 02:03:51,423
I agree with the opinion
of cardinal spoletti...
1681
02:03:53,426 --> 02:03:56,804
"On the matter of the unrest
amongst the venetian bell rope makers."
1682
02:04:15,740 --> 02:04:18,159
I'm sorry to call so late
in the afternoon.
1683
02:04:19,827 --> 02:04:21,454
I'm on my way to Holland.
1684
02:04:22,580 --> 02:04:25,874
I was asked to see him
on my way though,
1685
02:04:25,875 --> 02:04:27,585
bring the latest news of him.
1686
02:04:31,172 --> 02:04:32,715
May I go in?
1687
02:04:34,217 --> 02:04:36,260
I don't know
whether he'll see you.
1688
02:04:38,054 --> 02:04:39,472
You never came.
1689
02:04:43,226 --> 02:04:44,226
Ask.
1690
02:04:44,978 --> 02:04:47,146
Is that Andrea?
1691
02:04:49,399 --> 02:04:51,483
Yes, I'll send him away.
1692
02:04:51,484 --> 02:04:52,819
Bring him in.
1693
02:05:25,727 --> 02:05:27,979
Have you been keeping well,
Mr. Galilei?
1694
02:05:30,189 --> 02:05:31,816
Sit down.
1695
02:05:38,948 --> 02:05:41,117
What are you doing these days?
1696
02:05:43,745 --> 02:05:45,537
What are you working on?
1697
02:05:45,538 --> 02:05:49,332
I heard it was something
about hydraulics in Milan.
1698
02:05:49,333 --> 02:05:51,418
Fabricius in Amsterdam
1699
02:05:51,419 --> 02:05:55,882
asked me to visit you
and inquire about your health.
1700
02:05:56,049 --> 02:06:00,136
I'm very well.
I receive every attention.
1701
02:06:01,262 --> 02:06:03,847
I'm glad I can report
you're in good health.
1702
02:06:03,848 --> 02:06:07,642
Hm. And you might inform
fabricius
1703
02:06:07,643 --> 02:06:11,522
that thanks to the depths
of my repentance,
1704
02:06:12,398 --> 02:06:15,901
I live in comparative comfort
1705
02:06:15,902 --> 02:06:21,073
and am allowed certain
scientific pursuits
1706
02:06:21,074 --> 02:06:24,702
- under clerical supervision.
- Yes.
1707
02:06:26,037 --> 02:06:28,873
We understand the church
is more than pleased with you.
1708
02:06:30,583 --> 02:06:33,169
Your complete submission
has had its effect.
1709
02:06:34,295 --> 02:06:37,506
Not one single paper
expounding a new thesis
1710
02:06:37,507 --> 02:06:39,634
has been published
in Italy since.
1711
02:06:40,343 --> 02:06:43,512
Hm. Unfortunately...
1712
02:06:43,513 --> 02:06:48,518
There are countries
not under the wing of the church.
1713
02:06:50,103 --> 02:06:55,316
I'm afraid the condemned theories
are being taught there.
1714
02:06:56,734 --> 02:06:59,320
Things are almost
at a standstill.
1715
02:07:01,447 --> 02:07:02,698
Are they?
1716
02:07:05,326 --> 02:07:08,161
Nothing from descartes in Paris?
1717
02:07:08,162 --> 02:07:10,247
Yes.
1718
02:07:10,248 --> 02:07:12,791
When he heard you had recanted,
1719
02:07:12,792 --> 02:07:16,003
he put aside his treatise
on the nature of light.
1720
02:07:23,427 --> 02:07:28,432
I sometimes worry
about my assistants whom I led into error.
1721
02:07:31,435 --> 02:07:34,355
Have they benefited
by my example?
1722
02:07:35,815 --> 02:07:38,109
In order to carry on working,
1723
02:07:39,193 --> 02:07:41,362
I have to go to Holland.
1724
02:07:42,822 --> 02:07:44,865
Yes, yes.
1725
02:07:44,866 --> 02:07:48,743
Federzoni is grinding lenses again.
1726
02:07:48,744 --> 02:07:51,414
Back in some shop.
1727
02:07:52,456 --> 02:07:53,875
He doesn't know Latin.
1728
02:07:54,041 --> 02:07:58,754
Fulganzio, our little monk,
has given up science...
1729
02:07:59,672 --> 02:08:02,591
- And returned to the fold.
- Mm.
1730
02:08:02,592 --> 02:08:05,719
The church is looking forward to my
father's complete spiritual recovery.
1731
02:08:05,720 --> 02:08:08,890
Virginia,
go and see to the goose.
1732
02:08:14,061 --> 02:08:15,730
I don't like that man.
1733
02:08:18,858 --> 02:08:20,109
He's harmless.
1734
02:08:21,319 --> 02:08:22,737
He was his pupil.
1735
02:08:23,613 --> 02:08:25,489
So now he's his enemy.
1736
02:08:50,765 --> 02:08:55,728
I can't think why you've come
to unsettle me, sarti.
1737
02:08:57,146 --> 02:09:00,941
Even as it is,
I have my relapses.
1738
02:09:00,942 --> 02:09:03,361
I've no desire to upset you.
1739
02:09:07,782 --> 02:09:09,367
What relapses?
1740
02:09:14,288 --> 02:09:16,374
I've been writing again.
1741
02:09:18,876 --> 02:09:21,254
I finished the discorsi.
1742
02:09:24,715 --> 02:09:27,677
The discoveries concerning
two new branches of science.
1743
02:09:28,302 --> 02:09:29,762
Here.
1744
02:09:32,473 --> 02:09:35,017
My superiors aren't stupid.
1745
02:09:36,644 --> 02:09:41,357
They know ingrained vices
can't be cured overnight.
1746
02:09:45,319 --> 02:09:48,989
I am allowed ink and paper.
1747
02:09:48,990 --> 02:09:52,326
The discorsi
in the hands of the monks.
1748
02:09:53,661 --> 02:09:58,124
Amsterdam, London and Prague
are starving for this book.
1749
02:09:59,875 --> 02:10:02,878
They locked the pages away
as I dictated them.
1750
02:10:10,011 --> 02:10:15,141
But I copied out each batch
at night beforehand.
1751
02:10:21,314 --> 02:10:23,899
I suppose it's
the height of folly...
1752
02:10:24,984 --> 02:10:26,527
To pass it on.
1753
02:10:36,912 --> 02:10:39,081
You'll find it in the globe.
1754
02:10:48,215 --> 02:10:54,221
My foolish vanity has prevented
me from destroying it up to now.
1755
02:10:58,851 --> 02:11:02,812
If you were to consider
taking it across the border,
1756
02:11:02,813 --> 02:11:04,982
you'd have to bear the risk.
1757
02:11:08,527 --> 02:11:10,821
The discorsi.
1758
02:11:16,035 --> 02:11:21,414
"It is my opinion that the earth
is very noble and admirable
1759
02:11:21,415 --> 02:11:27,462
by reason of so many and so different
alterations and generations
1760
02:11:27,463 --> 02:11:30,507
which are incessantly made
therein."
1761
02:11:30,508 --> 02:11:33,636
I had to do something
with my time.
1762
02:11:36,847 --> 02:11:40,517
This will be the start
of a new physics.
1763
02:11:40,518 --> 02:11:43,646
- Put it under your coat.
- And we thought you'd deserted us.
1764
02:11:45,064 --> 02:11:47,441
Mine has been the loudest voice
against you.
1765
02:11:48,234 --> 02:11:50,277
That was as it should be.
1766
02:11:51,445 --> 02:11:53,364
I taught you science...
1767
02:11:54,532 --> 02:11:57,200
And I denied the truth.
1768
02:11:57,201 --> 02:11:59,412
This changes everything.
1769
02:12:01,038 --> 02:12:04,624
- Yes?
- You hid the truth from the enemy.
1770
02:12:04,625 --> 02:12:07,585
Even in ethics,
you were centuries ahead of us.
1771
02:12:07,586 --> 02:12:10,423
- Ethics?
- We lost our heads.
1772
02:12:11,715 --> 02:12:13,591
With a crowd at street corners,
1773
02:12:13,592 --> 02:12:16,887
we said he'll die,
but he'll never surrender.
1774
02:12:17,054 --> 02:12:19,139
You came back, I surrendered.
1775
02:12:19,140 --> 02:12:20,807
But I'm alive.
1776
02:12:20,808 --> 02:12:23,059
We cried your hands are stained.
1777
02:12:23,060 --> 02:12:27,647
You say,
"better stained than empty."
1778
02:12:27,648 --> 02:12:30,443
Better stained than empty.
1779
02:12:31,152 --> 02:12:32,486
New.
1780
02:12:34,905 --> 02:12:36,490
Sounds realistic.
1781
02:12:37,533 --> 02:12:39,535
Sounds like me.
1782
02:12:41,454 --> 02:12:43,164
New science.
1783
02:12:44,081 --> 02:12:45,415
New ethics.
1784
02:12:45,416 --> 02:12:49,335
I, of all people,
should've understood.
1785
02:12:49,336 --> 02:12:54,382
I was 12 when you sold another man's
telescope to the venetian senate
1786
02:12:54,383 --> 02:12:56,926
and then saw you
put it to immortal use.
1787
02:12:56,927 --> 02:12:59,095
You always laughed at heroics.
1788
02:12:59,096 --> 02:13:01,848
"People who suffer bore me,"
you said.
1789
02:13:01,849 --> 02:13:04,809
Misfortunes
are mainly miscalculations.
1790
02:13:04,810 --> 02:13:07,687
- I remember.
- So...
1791
02:13:07,688 --> 02:13:11,733
When you agreed to abjure one popular item
of your doctrine in '33,
1792
02:13:11,734 --> 02:13:13,526
I should've known.
1793
02:13:13,527 --> 02:13:16,905
You were just withdrawing
from a hopeless political brawl
1794
02:13:16,906 --> 02:13:20,326
in order to further the true interests
of science.
1795
02:13:22,077 --> 02:13:23,871
Which are?
1796
02:13:25,456 --> 02:13:29,083
The study of the properties of motion,
the mother of machines,
1797
02:13:29,084 --> 02:13:32,754
which will make the earth
so good to live on.
1798
02:13:32,755 --> 02:13:36,383
We shall have no need of heaven.
1799
02:13:37,760 --> 02:13:40,512
You got the leisure
to write a scientific work
1800
02:13:40,513 --> 02:13:42,680
which you alone could write.
1801
02:13:42,681 --> 02:13:46,017
Had you burned at the stake
in a Blaze of glory,
1802
02:13:46,018 --> 02:13:47,686
the others would have won.
1803
02:13:49,230 --> 02:13:50,731
They have won.
1804
02:13:53,234 --> 02:13:54,817
Besides...
1805
02:13:54,818 --> 02:14:01,575
There's no scientific work
that only one man can write.
1806
02:14:04,370 --> 02:14:05,829
Then why did you recant?
1807
02:14:07,623 --> 02:14:10,292
I recanted because...
1808
02:14:11,126 --> 02:14:14,088
I was afraid of physical pain.
1809
02:14:19,927 --> 02:14:21,428
It was not a plan.
1810
02:14:22,555 --> 02:14:24,306
No, it was not.
1811
02:14:29,979 --> 02:14:33,898
In science,
only one thing counts:
1812
02:14:33,899 --> 02:14:36,109
Contribution to knowledge.
1813
02:14:36,110 --> 02:14:40,905
And you have contributed more
than any man in a hundred years.
1814
02:14:40,906 --> 02:14:42,324
Have I?
1815
02:14:48,205 --> 02:14:50,833
Contributed for whom?
1816
02:14:53,002 --> 02:14:55,670
Welcome to my gutter,
1817
02:14:55,671 --> 02:14:59,882
brother scientist
and fellow traitor.
1818
02:14:59,883 --> 02:15:03,011
I sold out, you're a buyer.
1819
02:15:03,012 --> 02:15:08,433
The first sight of the book,
the curses are drowned.
1820
02:15:08,434 --> 02:15:12,937
Hallowed be our bargaining,
whitewashing,
1821
02:15:12,938 --> 02:15:14,981
death-fearing community.
1822
02:15:14,982 --> 02:15:19,110
Science is not concerned
with our personal weakness.
1823
02:15:19,111 --> 02:15:22,238
No? My dear sarti...
1824
02:15:22,239 --> 02:15:24,407
Even in my present situation,
1825
02:15:24,408 --> 02:15:29,203
I may still be able to give you
a few pointers about science.
1826
02:15:29,204 --> 02:15:32,624
In my spare time...
And I've got plenty of that...
1827
02:15:32,625 --> 02:15:35,001
I've gone over my case.
1828
02:15:35,002 --> 02:15:38,796
The pursuit of science
calls for particular courage.
1829
02:15:38,797 --> 02:15:42,842
It deals in knowledge
distilled from doubt.
1830
02:15:42,843 --> 02:15:46,679
Our new art of doubting
delighted the people.
1831
02:15:46,680 --> 02:15:49,265
They tore the telescope
out of our hands
1832
02:15:49,266 --> 02:15:52,018
and turned it
on their tormenters.
1833
02:15:52,019 --> 02:15:54,312
Princes, landowners.
1834
02:15:54,313 --> 02:15:56,481
Priests.
1835
02:15:56,482 --> 02:16:00,526
These men felt
the cold eye of science
1836
02:16:00,527 --> 02:16:04,947
being turned
on an age-old poverty
1837
02:16:04,948 --> 02:16:08,117
that could clearly be got rid of
1838
02:16:08,118 --> 02:16:12,331
if only they
were got rid of themselves.
1839
02:16:14,458 --> 02:16:17,127
So we are deluged
1840
02:16:18,337 --> 02:16:22,298
with threats and bribes.
1841
02:16:22,299 --> 02:16:27,888
But can we cut ourselves off from
the people and still remain scientists?
1842
02:16:30,349 --> 02:16:35,687
The battle to measure the heavens
is won by doubt.
1843
02:16:35,688 --> 02:16:39,607
By credulity, the Roman housewives'
battle for milk
1844
02:16:39,608 --> 02:16:41,777
will be lost again and again.
1845
02:16:43,737 --> 02:16:48,575
Science, sarti,
is involved in both struggles.
1846
02:16:49,827 --> 02:16:52,788
What are you scientists
working for?
1847
02:16:54,665 --> 02:16:59,252
The sole aim of science,
to my mind...
1848
02:16:59,253 --> 02:17:03,966
Is to lighten the toil
of human existence.
1849
02:17:05,050 --> 02:17:08,762
If... you give away
to coercion...
1850
02:17:10,013 --> 02:17:16,353
Your progress must be progress
away from humanity.
1851
02:17:17,938 --> 02:17:22,817
The Gulf between you
and humanity
1852
02:17:22,818 --> 02:17:25,445
might grow so wide
1853
02:17:25,446 --> 02:17:31,033
that the response to your exaltation
at some new achievement
1854
02:17:31,034 --> 02:17:34,371
could be a universal how!
Of horror!
1855
02:17:40,210 --> 02:17:41,795
As a scientist...
1856
02:17:43,839 --> 02:17:46,800
I had a unique opportunity.
1857
02:17:48,218 --> 02:17:53,891
In my day, astronomy emerged
into the marketplace.
1858
02:17:55,267 --> 02:18:01,857
At that particular time,
if one man had put up a fight,
1859
02:18:04,151 --> 02:18:08,906
it might have had
vast repercussions.
1860
02:18:12,034 --> 02:18:14,995
I've come to the conclusion,
sarti...
1861
02:18:17,831 --> 02:18:22,794
That“.
I was never in real danger.
1862
02:18:22,795 --> 02:18:27,883
For a time, I was as strong
as the authorities.
1863
02:18:29,551 --> 02:18:33,846
And I surrendered my knowledge
to the powers that be.
1864
02:18:33,847 --> 02:18:37,559
To use it, not use it,
abuse it...
1865
02:18:38,936 --> 02:18:41,313
Just as they saw fit.
1866
02:18:49,196 --> 02:18:51,073
I betrayed my calling.
1867
02:18:52,658 --> 02:18:56,035
No man who does what I have done
1868
02:18:56,036 --> 02:19:00,290
can be tolerated
in the ranks of science.
1869
02:19:04,336 --> 02:19:07,840
You have been received
into the ranks of the faithful, father.
1870
02:19:09,800 --> 02:19:12,010
Yes.
1871
02:19:16,598 --> 02:19:18,809
I must eat now.
1872
02:19:38,036 --> 02:19:40,330
You're a teacher, you know,
yourself.
1873
02:19:41,623 --> 02:19:45,460
Can you afford to take
such a hand as mine?
1874
02:19:52,759 --> 02:19:59,474
Someone who was
passing through today sent me a goose.
1875
02:20:02,060 --> 02:20:04,187
I still enjoy eating.
1876
02:20:14,573 --> 02:20:18,327
Regarding your opinion
of the author we discussed...
1877
02:20:20,078 --> 02:20:22,121
I don't know the answer.
1878
02:20:22,122 --> 02:20:27,336
But I cannot believe that
your savage analysis is the last word.
1879
02:20:33,800 --> 02:20:35,177
Thank you, sir.
1880
02:20:39,056 --> 02:20:41,183
We don't like visitors
from the past.
1881
02:20:42,601 --> 02:20:43,894
They disturb him.
1882
02:21:20,389 --> 02:21:21,556
Any idea...
1883
02:21:22,641 --> 02:21:25,602
Who could have sent the goose?
1884
02:21:27,145 --> 02:21:28,522
Not Andrea.
1885
02:21:30,691 --> 02:21:31,984
No.
1886
02:21:32,651 --> 02:21:34,361
Perhaps not.
1887
02:21:39,658 --> 02:21:41,576
How is the night?
1888
02:21:53,880 --> 02:21:55,172
Clear.
1889
02:22:01,722 --> 02:22:05,474
And now, good folks
the story's done
1890
02:22:05,475 --> 02:22:09,186
the great book
has its freedom won
1891
02:22:09,187 --> 02:22:12,815
but we hope you'll keep in mind
1892
02:22:12,816 --> 02:22:16,236
you and I are left behind
1893
02:22:27,789 --> 02:22:34,879
Keep the light of science bright
1894
02:22:34,880 --> 02:22:37,798
keep the heat
1895
02:22:37,799 --> 02:22:42,344
and use it right
1896
02:22:42,345 --> 02:22:46,182
lest it be a flame to fall
1897
02:22:46,183 --> 02:22:49,727
that were to consume us all
1898
02:22:49,728 --> 02:22:53,355
to consume us all
138611
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