All language subtitles for Rat.Park.2019.1080p.WEBRip.x264.AAC5.1-[YTS.MX]

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I had no intention of being
in the field of addiction.

I was in the field of
experimental psychology.

In 1970, I was the
youngest member of the

Faculty of Psychology at
Simon Fraser University.

And the youngest guy gets
to teach the course that

nobody else wants to teach,

and that course was
called Social Issues.

Vancouver was in the midst
of an addiction crisis and

that meant I had to
teach about addiction.

I mean, I knew
nothing about addiction.

Well, my life changed
one day when

a student in the back of the
class raised his hand...

And said, "Haven't you
heard about the rats?"

We based a whole
science on isolated rats,

a prison cell of
isolation cages.

They looked lethargic.
They're not doing anything.

They're given spouts on the
wall where they can

drink a presentation
of fluids: water

or, morphine.

They consume a
lot of morphine,

so much that they die.
They actually starve to death.

So, Rat Park was
an experiment.

Maybe if we give the same
number of rats a place to

live in that's comfortable,
maybe they wouldn't

take as much of the dope.

We built a big...

place, with plywood walls.

Which was basically designed
as a heaven for rats to live in,

and we called it Rat Park.

And what they've
got there is lots of

other rats to scamper
around with and

they got lots of opportunity
for social activities,

and the walls are painted
so that we have

a beautiful
British Columbia forest,

which we all love.

And then,
we gave them the choice:

they could have water or

they could continue
to drink the morphine.

We got these
results consistently,

that the rats in Rat Park
didn't like the morphine.

The finding is
absolutely clear

that the rats in isolation

drink a lot more morphine than
the rats in Rat Park.

I don't think we can
understand drug addiction

by starting with drugs.

I mean, drugs, of course,
are essential to drug addiction,

but the larger picture
has to...

has to matter.

You know, when people
have a drug problem,

the easiest thing is
to blame the drug;

that must be the reason.

If they weren't using
that drug, you know,

their lives
would be all together.

And it's very hard for
people to kind of

go to that deeper level.

Sometimes, focusing on the
bigger social problems -

unemployment,
lack of opportunity,

poor education - well,
those are big problems.

When you take
the metaphor that,

that sort of emerges from
the Rat Park research and say,

well, now, how might that
be true among human beings

'cause rats are rats and
people are people?

Rat Park shows us that
we simply can't

understand addiction
without understanding

the environment that
a person is in.

Even as we see progress
on harm reduction and

drug policy reform,
the majority of nations,

in Asia, and sprinkled
around the rest of the world,

they're still in
the dark ages.

Philippines is a
contrast for me.

It's a contrast
between a rich,

beautiful country
with resilient people,

but at the same time,
a country so poor that

the people are left with
no sense of governance.

But the Filipino people have
shown that there are

limits to the Filipino
people's patience.

I first heard about crystal meth
in the late 90s.

It was called the
poor man's cocaine.

This is one of the poorest
communities here in the country.

This area was designed by
former Imelda Marcos

as a resettlement area, so
people from the provinces

come here and the
port is nearby,

so when they get here,

they don't have a
place to go to and...

This is so most--
where most of them stay.

The drug situation here in
the country is endemic and

mostly in the
poor communities,

especially with meth because
they are the target market.

Who are these people?
Why are they using?

They are under educated
and many of them were

doing it not just for
recreation purposes,

some were doing it for
productivity purposes

because it would allow
them to wash clothes;

it would allow them
to take double jobs;

it would allow
them to stay awake.

Right now, you wouldn't want
to be in the Philippines

if you're a drug user

because it's not about
treatment here,

it's really
about punishment.

So we are a country
in search of itself.

It's a work in progress.

So when Duterte came
into power in June 2016,

he declared the
war against drugs.

Nobody actually knew
what that meant...

until the killings began.

Drugs and corruption,
maybe, and crime...

have so devastated
the country that

a populist leader who promises

to eliminate drugs
in six months,

is the hope of
the country.

He rode on the
people's discontent.

And from mayor,
somebody broached

the idea of running
for president.

Unfortunate because he
never learned that there are

things that you do in a
certain city that

you cannot do for the
entire country.

The drug war that we are
experiencing right now,

I think that's a
perfect example of

a country that is
still maturing.

The people are just fed up
with traditional politicians,

all promises of big politicians,
nothing happens.

Here comes a guy who
promised change and

his way of solving change is
different from the others.

There's a lot of...

"Anyone who uses
drugs is an addict."

"All addicts are criminal."

He's the first politician to
offer in a presidential election

that, "I will kill
drug addicts."

It shocked us.

And then we realized
it's war against people.

And that's when we
began scrambling.

Florida has always been,
like, con central.

Like, if you want to fucking
start a con-ass business,

you go to Florida.
Like, insurance fraud,

you want to do
Medicaid fraud,

or phone room scams,
time share scams,

you come to Florida, right.

It's just always
been that way.

And, the nature of people,
the nature of capitalism,

and the nature of...

I think that,
this hustler spirit that,

that a lot of folks
have in America,

is that if there's a way for
me to fucking make

a lot of money I'm gonna do it.

And, that's what happened.

It, it's just like,
it's a culmination of,

I think, a lot of,
of things,

and I think Florida,
at that time,

was just a perfect storm.

What you had in Florida
was this loose regulation,

anybody could open a
clinic and treat pain.

Anybody.

What you had were these
unregulated pain clinics

opening up
nearly everywhere.

You, essentially,
would go in and

you would pay somebody
cash to get an MRI.

They would do an MRI, and as
long as you went in with the

MRI to the pain clinic,
the doctors there

would prescribe you, um...

pretty much
whatever you wanted.

Back in 2010 and 2011,
we had more pain clinics

in Florida than McDonald's
and Walmart's, combined.

And then, all you needed for the
perfect storm was to have

a ready supply
of retired doctors,

looking to write scripts
to make some extra money.

What state had more retired
doctors than Florida?

While other states
developed tougher laws to

restrict these pills, Florida,
it was open season.

We didn't really
have any laws.

It was really bad,
like, you could,

you could drive down certain
streets and just see,

like, lines out the door,
armed guards.

They could walk out
with prescriptions,

not for hundreds of pills,
but thousands of pills.

Manufacturers got
big profits and

distributors got big profits;

the doctors were
making big money;

the users were
getting their high.

Until it all came
crashing down.

We tightened the supply.

We made it much harder to
get oxycodone and other pills.

But what happened
to the demand;

the demand didn't go away.

The demand
moved to a cheaper,

more accessible
alternative: heroin.

And today's heroin is not
your father's heroin anymore.

This is heroin,
too often spiked with

cheap, potent
Chinese Fentanyl.

The fact that the people in
government and

law enforcement who
shut down these pill mills

didn't have the foresight to
see the addiction crisis

was gonna go to the street,
that addicts were gonna

go to the street now;
that's the problem.

Why does this continue?

You know, we had methamphetamine

immediately before this,
crack before that.

We need to keep this going
in order to justify the

existence of this
drug war machine.

And so,
after the opioid's over,

there'll be something else.

You can't solve this problem
by a bunch of suits

in an ivory tower.

You need to get on
the ground floor,

you need to get
on the streets,

you need to talk to people
who know what's really going on.

Hey... hey!

Go get it.

Get!

Worst fucking
fetch player on earth.

He's got heart cancer now.

Him going through it
was legit, like,

one of the hardest things
I ever had to deal with

in my fucking life.
I deal with, like,

overdoses and
I deal with, like,

hearing about people
in our community dying and...

It's not very personal a lot
of times just because it,

it's hard to...

internalize that kind
of stuff when it's, like, a,

a normalized part
of your job, um...

So you almost have to, like,

keep it kind of compartmentalized.

You know, I, I had my own
history with drug use and,

and mental health, and...

When I was homeless, I,
I went to The Lord's Place

to get food vouchers.

I went there to get clothes
to interview because

I didn't have any.

And what I found is that
there was always this stigma

and this belief
held over me that, like,

I had to prove
how much I wanted help.

Yeah, we get
you're homeless,

we get that, fucking,
you don't have any access

to healthcare or
anything else, but really,

we need to talk
about you smoking crack.

You know what; fuck you.

I don't think people quite
understand the shame and,

and the guilt and all of
that stuff that folks have to

fucking go through just
to be able to show up to say,

"Hey, I need
help with that," right?

And I think it's much easier
for me to help drug users

when the very act of
existing is not illegal,

and that's essentially
what drug laws are.

They make the very
act of existing,

for a drug user,
their day-to-day life,

is illegal.

They criminalize the
person and that's a,

that's really
fucked up concept.

The longer that the
sort of old thinking,

the old way of
thinking about drugs,

is perpetuated, it just
means the more we're gonna

suffer higher levels of
addiction and that's why,

you know, moving towards
drug policies grounded in

science and compassion,
health, and human rights,

is so pivotally important.

I never liked the term
"War on Drugs".

Because a war, it's supposed
to have a beginning and an end.

In the end,
you either win it or lose it.

The problem with
War on Drugs is that

you will never get an end to it.

There will be new substances
coming up every day,

or every month,
or every year.

So, we do not know
what's ahead of us.

What we know is that
it's not going to end.

We are not going to
solve this problem,

but there's a lot of
ways we can manage it.

The major problem we had
back in the 80s and 90s

was heroin usage.
Mostly injected heroin usage

with all the HIV infection
involved and hepatitis

due to the lemon juice
used in shooting heroin,

and that was the,
the main reason that

led the government
to change the policy.

We see people that use
drugs as victims of a crime.

The crime being the
crime of the drug smugglers,

the drug traffickers.

They are the real criminals.

We went for, we went
for the whole thing.

We changed everything.

I believe that these new laws
can provide a new solution.

We are not creating any
better conditions for

consumption in Portugal,
we are just creating

better conditions for people who
are drug addicts and need help.

We were lucky.

Come on.

I like the idea of art.
I like those things.

I like materials.
I like colours.

I like shapes.
I like techniques.

But, in general,
classic art, I don't like.

Modern art, I don't...

I don't know if I like because
I don't know what it is.

Eh...

I like doing things.

You can say ceramics,
it's an art.

It's different, of all the
ceramics are made by artists.

Sometimes people ask,
"Are you an artist? Oh!"

Understand?

Why don't they ask,
"Are a you very good...

or very happy potter?"

Yes, I am.

You see,
sometimes I do the stuff,

but then I need to
go out, wherever,

and I leave it and
I don't finish them.

21, I began my, my place,
working in ceramics.

24, I was technician of
ceramics in the University of...

Architecture, in the design,
industrial course,

for years,
always using drugs.

I teached in a school, pottery,

always having my
own potter business.

This is 1995. There were
no half-pipe, nothing.

There was no BMX
in Lisbon, and so,

we made the first
half-pipe in Lisbon,

I'm in the newspaper.

So this photo is
from a professional.

This is a Roland MC-303,
it's a sequencer.

Synthesize sequencer, to make
"doo-doo-doo-doo-doo".

I sell it for two grams
of crack.

This were photos I took
for purpose, it was to,

to give to an agent because
sometimes I wanted to

do figuration, so
you need photos for them.

And these, these I really
love it 'cause it's my daddy.

I really like my expression.
I like all the things,

and it's 19... 1977.

There are guys, I think,
like me. I get addicted,

and now it's difficult to go out
because I still want to use it.

That's the question;
you're not even addicted

to one drug, you're addicted
to alterated states.

And that's the, the balance
and the fight between

crack, heroin, methadone.

Cannot feel like a criminal,
so I must show

I don't feel like I'm
doing a crime.

When I think about addiction,

I think about the work of

one of my favourite Canadians,
of Bruce Alexander.

He showed that rats raised
in an enriched environment

are far less likely to take
drugs than rats raised in

a barren or
desolate environment.

We thought we'd bring that
idea to the human laboratory.

We tested the impact of
having an alternative reinforcer

or an attractive alternative
to cocaine, crack-cocaine,

as a choice, so we allow
people to either take

a certain amount of money or
take a hit of crack cocaine.

And what you find is that
when your alternative is

high enough or
attractive enough,

like the amount of
money is large enough,

you would get those folks
actually choosing money

over their drug of choice.

Just shows that
people behave rationally,

even people who use drugs,

even people who we
call drug addicts.

This work grew out of the
work of Bruce Alexander

who did this sort
of work in rats.

You can only learn so
much by studying rats and

we found something that
I think was important.

I mean, what's surprising
is how active rats are in,

in society.
They're always busy,

except the occasional
moment for meditation.

But, but, basically,
they're always busy and

rats in cages are not busy,
they've got nothing to do.

They got no life.

Well, that seems like a
pretty good metaphor.

I spent the rest of my
career trying to figure out

where that metaphor goes.

Under what conditions
would people adopt

a self-destructive addiction?

I think that the answer
lies along the lines that

everybody would choose
to have a healthful,

happy life, but what
if that's blocked?

You know, most people who
are opioid addicts are not

in cages, but maybe the
cages are a metaphor;

maybe there are
cages we don't see.

In understanding addiction,

it's about the culture in
which we're living.

The Philippines is a very
sad situation because

here you have an
outrageous leader, Duterte,

and he's engaging in an
extrajudicial war on drugs,

basically telling security
forces and police that

they should feel free
to kill anybody that they

think's involved in drugs at all
and he'll have their back.

The thing that's so
tragic about this,

it's not just the loss of
life and a sense of terror,

it's also that his policy is
supported by a

majority of the population,
so far as we can tell.

People are afraid...

But there, there is work
being done on the ground

to document the killings
because the sentiment is,

one day, when this
leader steps down,

he will get his due.

The battle for reforms in
this country cannot just be

conducted in the courts,
not just in Congress,

but also in the streets.

But, we already
know that, ah...

the victim has been killed.

Off-screen:
How do you know that?

We-- I also cover that area.

We are doing
investigative work there.

It was the foreign media
who branded us as,

"night crawlers".

Actually, the group
doesn't really have a name.

We're just a group of...

journalists and photojournalists

who've tried to share our
information and to get leads.

We didn't have much time to
gather a lot of information,

but back in 2017,
we started to do more of

an investigative way of
documenting things.

And, that's where we found a
lot of inconsistencies with

what they claim to
be police operations.

Word on the street is that
there's this group called

the Davao Death Squad,

and these are, I guess,

policemen who
are doing the killings.

So, you have a rider,
you have a...

the person with the gun,
they drive by,

they shoot a
particular person

who's reported to be a pusher.

When somebody
kills somebody,

it's just killing.
It's just murder, you know.

But if government
conducts the killings

that's extrajudicial killings.

This, ah...

that's how the police
operatives look like.

They... you don't
see their faces.

They wear shorts, t-shirt,

and that's where they
keep their guns.

They have these sling bags.

Oh, I was there.
I took it from the hip.

Yeah.

It is very important that we
got to know Orly much better

because through him,
we get a lot of access to

the contact details
of the families,

where to look for them,
where the wake is,

where to search
for the families.

According to the spot report,
the police claim that

they found meth on he--
on this body,

but the gunman was an
unidentified motorcycle gunman.

There were no witnesses in
identifying the assailants.

This is very hard.

How do we start with
the investigation or...

where do we start
with the investigation?

The victim was already--
He surrendered.

He surrendered in 2016,
under the drug watch list.

That same day,
on November 1,

they did a random
drug test on him.

Well, we, we won't know
what the result was,

but after, past midnight,
he was killed.

There is only Fentanyl
available in Florida.

If you try to buy heroin,
it is only a Fentanyl

or a Fentanyl analogue.

This is Florida.
We've already established

the canary in the coal mine
status, right?

In all of Florida, there is only
one needle exchange program.

It's a pilot program,
the state refuses to pay for it.

We're not looking at
the science again.

- Welcome.
- Thanks, dude.

How you doing?
It's good to see you.

You too.
You want to go upstairs?

So, in the whole state
of Florida right now,

it's you, Sun Coast Harm
Reduction Project, and us.

- That's it?
- That's it.

In this entire state,
I mean, that's--

- Whole state.
- Unbelievable.

This is the IDEA Exchange.
We're the first

legal needle exchange program
in the state of Florida.

What we try to do is bring
harm reduction services

to the people of Miami.

The whole ethos of
harm reduction is about

meeting people where
they're at so they can

take a step at a time
towards a better life,

whether that better
life involves being

abstinent from drugs or
whether it means

still finding a
way to use drugs,

but in a way that's less
destructive for them and

the people around them.

You're not hanging down
on 14th and 2nd, right?

- I wasn't today.
- No, no, no.

We have just completely
neglected to implement

evidence-based strategies.

I mean, this is
not a radical thing.

It's literally that
people do not care.

Like, they, they do not care
about the people that we serve.

Just, and, I think would be
very upfront about that.

We are decades behind,
but this isn't it.

There were people doing
underground needle exchange

before we got the
authorized program.

"Outlaw".

It's about syringe exchange,
just doing, like,

illegal syringe exchange.

Rebel Recovery is a harm
reduction organization at heart.

And mainly,
it's just meant to...

show compassion, love,
and understanding to

a population of individuals that

have been routinely
victimized and...

outcast from normal society.

So, it was really just like a...

a movement for drug users
by drug users.

It's not driven by
what public policy says.

If the government won't,
we will.

Interestingly, because of people
like Rebel Recovery and

the IDEA Exchange who put
Naloxone into the hands

of people who need it,
the overdose rates in

south Florida are actually
coming down for the first time

since the closure
of the pill mills.

It's my first time being
invited to a meeting like this,

not being arrested
previous to it.

Ah, I appear to be the
only one who's actually had

experience using substances,
and common sense would

usually dictate that if you want
to know how to solve an issue,

talk to the people who have
struggled with the issue.

Mr... Mr. Kunzelman.

So, this is, this is
our Naloxone

for community distribution.

So, it's a nasal spray,
inserted into the nostril.

That's a live dose I just
put in my nose.

So, when Naloxone's
introduced in a system,

it rushes to the site
of opiate receptors,

boots out whatever
opiate is in there,

removes the effect of the
opiates on the person's body.

Last month, we... reported--

we had 51 reversals
reported to us

directly from the Naloxone
that we distribute.

There's just, there's no
greater act of compassion

than telling somebody
that you accept them for,

for exactly where they are
and that you see them

as a human and that
you're willing to do

whatever it takes to
keep them safe...

until they're ready to make
positive changes in their life.

Harm reduction, it's all
about trying to reduce the

harms associated with drug use
by and among those people

who are unable or unwilling
to stop using drugs today.

If you ask heroin addicts,

"What's the toughest
drug to quit?"

What do the majority say...?

Cigarettes.

Yet, on the other hand,
cigarette smoking has been

cut by at least a half,
maybe much more than that now,

since its peak, without
anybody ever relying on

a criminal law, or police,

or prosecutors, or prisons.

We need to assume that the
public health system and

the health system, generally,
is the way to deal with

drug use and drug addiction.

There's a lot of people taking
pills for allergies, right.

They have to take a pill
every day in the morning

otherwise they will not be
able to function normally.

That pill is a, is a
substitution drug, right,

but people do not perceive it
as a problematic thing

because it's done
under a medical environment.

There's a medical doctor
that explains to the person

that they are not
going to be cured,

but nevertheless, there is a
treatment option that

they can take for the
rest of their life.

I don't trust in priests;
I don't trust in lawyers;

I don't trust in police.

Mostly, I don't
trust in dealers.

But these guys, I trust them
for sure, you know,

they are the best I have
at the moment.

I really like
their attitude,

their position of,
of the way they treat us.

I was waiting for this a
long time ago and

if this wasn't here, now,
I wouldn't be here.

Probably I wouldn't--
I would have waken up

two hours ago, very bad...

on dependence of heroin.

But now...
I can go work naturally.

Rat Park is just a metaphor,
it's just rats.

Human beings have,
have properties,

which rats can't
possibly have,

but it suggests something.

Maybe it's the case that

if rats are allowed
to develop their culture,

then opioids cease
to be a problem

for a normal society.

Now, it doesn't mean that
the rats in Rat Park

didn't drink any morphine
'cause they did,

they drank a fair bit of it.
I mean, just a fraction of

what they drank in the,
in the cages,

but every
once in a while,

there was a rat
who did a lot.

I began using drugs,
age 16, smoking hash.

17, LSD.

At 18, heroin,
I just try it,

not to get addicted
because heroin,

you must learn
to get addicted.

19, 20...
sniff cocaine.

22, smoked cocaine.

Oh! Things change.

After that, all together, woohoo,

and sleeping pills,
then depression.

A high depression.

All these mixed with
antipsychotic, hypnotic,

anti-depressive,
sleeping pills,

all that shit,
huh, for years.

All that shit,
with all due respect,

because they
help me treatment.

Just have a little piece.

This is already cooked.

Because a few years ago,

normally you don't buy it
prepared for smoke.

I don't have too much.

This little piece,
I already smoked.

I buy it, 15 euros.
It depends on the place.

Normally they sell it
at 10, already smoked.

So, this small stuff,
it's more or less,

it can be 10 euros,
ah, easy.

This is crack-cocaine.

It's... it goes very, very fast.

I smoked already today.
I smoke it every day,

so it's not so...

You are always looking for
the first experience again,

obviously,
with all the drugs.

That's it, done.

Even so, I don't know
if you notice, probably,

I am changed, okay.

And you become stupid,
and you become... you know.

That's the problem of
cocaine and crack, mostly.

Always the same problem.

Are you getting high?

It's not, you know,
10 years ago,

if I was doing this,
I would have--

Just a minute, sorry.

I have to prepare everything.

Somebody enters, blows
all this shit away.

It's impossible.

Imagine I couldn't get this.
The crack, it's the problem.

There's no
medicine for crack.

The guy who invents
something like methadone,

but for crack... success.

Perfect, huh.

News: Of course we have some
concerns that people may see

the law as a license
for a free drug holiday,

but it's still
illegal to take drugs,

buy drugs, and sell them.

It isn't a get out
of jail free card,

and it certainly isn't,
come to Portugal,

we're drug free.

We are a dissuasion commission,

so we are not here to try to
prevent people from using drugs.

What we try to do is try to
prevent people from

misusing or abusing an
illicit substance.

Portugal is not particularly
liberal about drugs and

they don't feel all
that kindly towards

their junkies,
their addicts.

What Portugal did,
when all is said and done,

was they said, "We're
making a commitment.

We are not going to put
people in jail for

simple drug use or possession.

If they're really a bad guy,

we'll catch 'em for
something else."

If the rest of the world could
make a commitment like this--

'cause remember,
the large majority of

all drug arrests in
the world are for

simple drug use and possession -

I think the War on Drugs would
essentially dissolve.

If someone is caught in
the possession of

an illicit substance,

the police officer apprehends
the substance,

but instead of being
referred to a court of law

under the
Ministry of Justice,

they are referred to the
Ministry of Health because

90% of drug users do it
because they like it and

10% do it because they
are addicted to it.

So, none of those sort
of users will stop using

because a judge tells them
that what they are doing

is a very wrong thing.

Rat Park helps us
to understand that

we cannot understand
drugs simply as

something which
affects the brain and

changes a person
into an addict;

that we must look at society
in a much broader way.

I think it's very important
for people like me,

psychologists, to realize
that we cannot treat our way

out of the
addiction problem,

and I also think that it
is important for

doctors to realize that.

You know, people are
struggling to

try to give their life
some kind of meaning,

some kind of center of gravity

and they,
they latch onto addiction.

But they're not sick:
they're desperate.

These are the two that
were killed this morning.

Yeah.

On each body, they found
two sachets of shabu.

It's kind of very ironic that
dead bodies are turning up

with just 4 dollars'
worth of shabu on them,

and they are dead.

While, those people who
are engaging in

importing billions'
worth of shabu...

nowhere to be found.

So, it's a pretty--
it's really unfair that

these people who are
just mere users,

are just...
are just getting killed.

They have names
and faces and...

they are
somebody's loved one.

Hopefully, those photos,
when the time comes,

somebody can
identify those photos,

then give closure to
those families

who are looking for them.

They are usually
dropped off from a vehicle,

brought down and shot.

They wrap their
faces in plastic,

in packaging tapes...

And, ah...
leave cardboards on the,

the dead bodies.

It just states that,
"I'm a drug addict,

I'm a drug pusher.
I'm a thief.

Don't emulate me."

We have a message that goes
against the message

of the government,
so they don't like that.

They don't like that
we are not saying

what they want us to say.

And, so what we get
are threats.

Sometimes you see
people following you.

Sometimes text messages
or threats.

Does it make us fearful?
Of course, yes.

And so, we've had to be
careful because I don't know...

how it may affect
me or my family.

You know, as they say,
so long as one is a monk,

one has to go on
tolling the bell.

There is almost 5,000 killed
in police operations and...

maybe 25,000 killed that are
still under investigations;

that's already 30,000.

That number is
already very staggering.

It could be
claimed as a genocide.

Where have you seen that
somebody-- 30,000 people

getting killed because of
this so-called propaganda?

During his visit to
the Philippines,

President Donald Trump
sat down with

President Rodrigo Duterte.

Donald Trump has a friendlier
relationship with Duterte

than his predecessor,
President Barack Obama.

Obama condemned Duterte
for his violent response

to the nation's drug problem.

Human Rights Watch reports
that Duterte has authorized

the killing of thousands of
suspected drug users and has

vowed to protect police officers
from drug war prosecutions.

Duterte told the audience
he sang upon the orders

of President Trump.

I do it with
Ms. Pilita Corrales

upon the orders of the
commander in chief

of the United States.

Drug panics
blow on us like tsunamis.

We distract ourselves by
paying too much attention

to the panic of the moment

and not enough attention
to the rising tide.

We've got to look at it
in terms of

a much broader view of society.

We have a heroin epidemic;

we've had people literally
dropping dead

in Donald Trump's
figurative backyard.

If you have a medical system
which is based on capitalism

then, of course, there will be
predators involved.

Florida is the recovery
capital of the world.

The problem with treatment
in Florida is that

it has been so
terribly regulated.

I, I picked this, ah...

sober magazine up
in a coffee shop.

And this is the crazy part:
the ads have very little

to do with the actual
interventions or

the modalities that
are being used.

That's the start of the scam,
that's the tip of the spear,

is when you see a
deceptive ad telling you

to come down to
Heavenly Valley Recovery

in Delray Beach, Florida.

When, in reality, there
are no valleys in Delray Beach,

and I'm sure wherever
you're going may not be

very heavenly if you're basing
it merely on an advertisement.

All that's shown is
like luxury beds.

Like, it looks
like a hotel ad.

You see "hope"
a lot as a buzz word.

This is not a 30 to 90-day
thing we're talking about.

This is somebody's life.

None of it is,
is centered in...

in actual
evidence-based treatment.

Paying to care for somebody
else's horses is accepted

as a standard of care,
or as a selling point for

a treatment facility, but the
idea that somebody could--

should safe--
more safely use heroin,

is bullshit in
this country, is...

off, it's fucking maddening.

This place laid the
foundation for me just as a,

as a person, of like,

the value of community
and hard work, and...

you know, kindness.

Everybody wants the visual
of a dude experiencing

homelessness in a
fucking trench coat,

who's living
under a bridge, like,

jamming a spike
into his arm.

In reality, drug use is a lot
more normalized than that,

like, everybody gathers around
on a Friday afternoon

after work to consume drugs
in large, large quantities.

What is a bar but a safe
consumption site for alcohol?

It's, it's a matter of...

teaching people
that drug use is,

is as American as...

apple pie and baseball.

Portugal was called the,
"Portuguese Experiment,"

for the first 10 years after
the change in the law.

And along the way,
we started being called

the, "Portuguese Model."

For me, I felt like the
little mice running in the maze

when we were an experiment.

But now, I feel like the
little mice that

actually got out of the maze.

The problem is
that our maze,

it's completely different
from all the other mazes.

The only thing I think
people should copy from us

was the way we did it.

It's fairly easier for a
person to assume that

they have an addiction problem
if along the way

they do not have to assume that

they also have a
criminal problem.

For being in Portugal,
I think what makes my life

as good as possible is
because I do what I want.

If I do what I want in
a place where I like,

that's the perfect storm.

I can ride my bike;
I can do pottery...

So, if the drugs
were not so expensive,

that was only a
small problem.

A lot of people that work
in the field of narcotics,

they know that the substances
are not going away.

They know that if
they apprehend more,

they will just-- the drug
dealers will just

bring more to the
market, so it's a...

it's like a never-ending
race that they know

they are not going to win.

There is no place in Portugal
where you can just go in and

buy an illicit substance and
get a receipt out of that

because you'll still have
to go to the black market,

there's no quality control,
there's no taxation,

there's no nothing.

Tiago has a lot of experience,
like, 30 years;

that's why he still works.

And I don't know somebody
using like him and

how I can help him stop
cocaine or heroin,

for me,
it's really difficult and,

it's impossible,
almost impossible.

Normally,
this doesn't happen,

but sometimes it's
possible to happen, okay.

This is just because
of the fucking dealers.

Just because, I...

it's off, at 12:30,
they change.

There's one guy selling,
then comes another one.

And I respect that, but I
don't know who they are.

But then comes,
"What are you doing?

I didn't tell you wait!"

Obviously, he--
the guy who sold me...

keep the money,
and the guy who stole me,

keep the, the drugs.

And he went, changing
the problem to the other.

Off-screen:
What happened to your lip?

He, they kicked me.
There were five men.

They kick me,
they give me a punch and

I think my teeth is broken.

Sorry.

The dealer's, the problem
is they can't do nothing.

What you tell me?
Talk to the police?

What can I do? They can
do whatever they want.

I have-- I need the drug!

I'm gonna lose
this teeth, for sure,

in several months or a year.
For sure.

So, I'll look
like a real junkie.

I am a real junkie.

I just want to be a human
and be treated like a human.

What are the ways whereby
those people who love cocaine,

who are addicted
to cocaine or whatever,

what are the ways
in which those people

who represent the large
share of the market,

can get the drug they want
in such a way that

it does not endanger the
broader public health?

That's really the
$64,000 question.

The Portuguese don't know
what the fuck they're doing.

And I'll tell you why.
They just happen to have

a policy that
decriminalized drugs.

Drug sales are
still illegal.

Legalization is treating
drugs like we treat alcohol.

Why shouldn't people have
the right to use drugs;

that's really basic.
Why?

You got a responsible
person who pays their taxes,

they contribute to
their community,

they're doing all
of these things...

Why would you want to tell those
people they can't use drugs?

I mean, I think what we can
say about Portugal is that

they have made it safe,
but of course,

they haven't
solved the problem,

nor has Canada,
nor has Sweden,

nor has Norway...

All these places
which are really ahead.

I was thinking about the
paradigm shift that

we need to make in the
field of addiction.

And then, I saw a picture.

So, imagine this:
it's a golf course,

and these guys are very
intently playing golf

on a mountainside.

And across the valley,
on the facing mountain,

there's an inferno.

Now... that's a paradigm shift.

Those guys are
playing the wrong game.

They need to look up
and realize that

this new problem is
way more important,

and that's why I love
the picture, because

that's what we have to do in
the field of drug addiction.

We've got to stop playing these
drug games and look up.

On what basis does one
say to a parent who, God forbid,

has two kids addicted
to drugs - one, to heroin,

and the other one to alcohol -
on what basis

does the state say to
that mother or father,

"Well, that kid, the one
who's addicted to alcohol,

which is a deadly addiction,
dangerous to society,

as long as he doesn't get
behind the wheel of the car

or go out and
beat somebody up,

he's not a criminal.

That one, addicted
to heroin, that one,

I don't care if he gets behind
the wheel of a car or not,

I don't care if he
beats somebody up.

Simply possessing that
thing for his own use,

in the privacy of his
own room in your house;

that's a basis for
taking away his freedom and

throwing him in jail.

And if he is unable
or unwilling to stop,

we will keep putting him
in jail for the rest of his life

so long as he
defies that law."

There is not
legitimate basis,

in science, in medicine,
in ethics,

or for that matter,
the Bible,

for discriminating or
distinguishing among people

based upon the substance
they put in their body.

We have Jesus lizards, right,

we got big-ass lizards
out here, don't we?

Yeah.

Yeah, and we got
lots of pretty birds.

- Yeah.
- Yeah.

And we can see all the stars in
the sky at night, right?

There's no light
pollution at all, right?

We hear
chickens and roosters.

- Yeah.
- Yeah, we see goats and cows.

Your home should be
your sanctuary, you know.

And I just
found my sanctuary.

You know, we worked
our asses off to get it.

My family deserved all of
my fucking dedication and

all of my time and...

This is where my--
This is what I do

for my recovery,
you know what I mean?

Once I, once I got it, like,

there was no way anybody was
gonna take it from me...

'Cause I get to come home
to do this all day,

you know what I mean?

What are we gonna
do today?

Huh? Hey.

We're gonna
change the world.

We are gonna
change the world, right?

- Yeah.
- Yeah.

Huh?

As of now,
they covered the,

covered the body.

But later, when the crime
scene investigator comes,

they will open, open the...

remove the carton.

What the family
is saying is...

What the people are saying was
there were kids playing here,

playing here,
and all of a sudden,

these three guys who came
in just shooed them away.

After that,
they heard gun shots.

It has become
normal for, for...

the neighbourhood
to see dead bodies.

Sorry.

It's nothing new here.

He was just sitting
outside along the street,

and he was shot by a
motorcycle gunman.

How can you not be angry?

I was told just because I said
in a press conference

that not all
users are addicts,

and somebody messaged me
and said that

he hoped that my daughter
would get raped

by a drug, by a drug addict.

So that kind of violence,
so it's not just--

For me, it's, it's not just
about the violence

against users, but it's the
message that you can...

cure problems
by just killing.

They don't understand that
it's really just, they--

what they need to
focus on is poverty,

but they're choosing
to fight the wrong war.

Most of these cases won't,
won't be resolved.

They will be just numbers
and statistics of the killings.

With this kind of impunity
that's happening right here

in the country,
I don't see justice.

I don't see anybody
getting justice

during his administration.

Pender Island is the
right place for me

to finish up the story.

This whole
island was logged.

But, but now it's
in recovery and,

and we have this,
this second growth forest,

which is,
which is good to us.

This is all second growth.
And yet,

it makes, it makes a
beautiful forest.

You could say that, that I
have found Rat Park here.

We've got to do
something to make

the modern world more habitable.
How are we gonna do that?

Well, I think it might be
different in Portugal and

it might be different
in the Philippines,

but I think that where
we are right now is,

is in the stage
of awareness.

That's why, you know,
I do what I do.

We want to make sure people
are thinking because

once people start to think,
it decreases the likelihood

that you will implement
policies and practices

that result in the disproportionate

poor treatment of any groups.

When people start to understand
how dirty the game is,

and how the game
is not based on science

or pharmacology,
then they're starting to think.

For me, my punch line
is a core principle,

and that core principle is
that nobody deserves to be

punished or discriminated
against or amongst

based solely upon the substance
they put into their body.

Toot-toot.

Maybe sometimes I feel a
little bit guilty because

we are pressed to feel that.

We are pressed to feel we
are doing something very wrong,

very criminal, very bad.

There will always be drugs,
so if you want to

solve as much as
possible the problem,

you just have to change the,
the attitude, period.

And then, we'll solve all
the other possible problems

that will appear as we
solved with cigarettes,

with alcohol, with...
with food.

And maybe for coincidence,
I live in a country

where things are changing
and it's incredible.

During the earlier days
when the killings started,

it's more of a
photojournalistic work.

We look for the light;
we look for the composition;

we look for the angles.

But, right now, it really
has taken a toll on me.

A lot of my friends say
that I have to take a break

because I'm
already breaking down,

I'm on the verge
of breaking down.

But, the problem is,
there are less and less of us

documenting this and
how can we take a break?

I've seen a lot of
horrific photos,

but I don't think that...

images of the
victims haunt me.

What haunts me more is...

the knowledge of the
killings are still continuing

and it will still continue

as long as Duterte
is still in office.

Let's go put your
book in the car, okay.

I want to read it
in the car.

You can read it in the car.

Hold my hand.

You know, there has
been a dramatic change,

and I do credit
Justin with that.

And I have watched Justin
at many meetings

piss off people to no end.

I mean, God bless him
for doing it.

So many lives have been saved.

What's up, bro?

You doing alright?

Alright, bro...

No worries, dude.

If the people who
were in my situation,

if everybody is not
treated equally

under the eyes of the
whole community,

then we failed as a
fucking community.

I, I need help, man. I'm like
really having a hard time.

I got you, bro.
Don't worry about it; I got you.

- Alright, cool.
- You're good.

- Thank you, bro.
- You're good, yeah.

Alright, brother.

When I got put in
a position that

I could do something
about it, I did.

You know, I, I--
we can't sit around and

wait on the government.

Maybe for one person,

I know that somebody
doesn't have to go through

the same shit that I went
through in my community.