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Wednesday, April 16th 1746.
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00:00:11,300 --> 00:00:13,100
This is the advance battalion
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00:00:13,220 --> 00:00:16,260
of an English Government army
of 9,000 men.
4
00:00:19,460 --> 00:00:21,860
Their objective: Culloden Moor,
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00:00:22,020 --> 00:00:25,580
four and a half miles southeast
of the Highland town of Inverness.
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00:00:26,260 --> 00:00:30,580
Their purpose: the destruction of the
Highland Jacobite army of rebellion,
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00:00:31,180 --> 00:00:34,660
a tired, ill-administered force
of less than 5,000 men
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00:00:34,780 --> 00:00:37,620
who wait just beyond
the top of this ridge.
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00:00:38,340 --> 00:00:41,140
Sir Thomas Sheridan,
Jacobite military secretary.
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00:00:41,380 --> 00:00:44,500
Suffering advanced debility
and loss of memory.
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00:00:44,740 --> 00:00:47,940
Former military engagement
56 years ago.
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00:00:48,380 --> 00:00:51,060
Sir John MacDonald,
Jacobite captain of cavalry.
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00:00:51,420 --> 00:00:53,660
Aged, frequently intoxicated,
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00:00:53,980 --> 00:00:57,300
"described as " a man
of the most limited capacities.“
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00:00:57,700 --> 00:01:01,180
John William O'Sullivan,
Jacobite quartermaster general.
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00:01:01,260 --> 00:01:04,260
"Described as " an Irishman
whose vanity is superseded
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00:01:04,380 --> 00:01:06,580
only by his lack of wisdom."
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00:01:06,980 --> 00:01:10,700
Prince Charles Edward Stuart,
Jacobite commander in chief.
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00:01:11,300 --> 00:01:16,580
Former military experience:
10 days at a siege at the age of 13.
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You must understand, without
putting too fine a point on it,
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that the army here is
in a total shambles.
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I've got half my company missing.
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I just can't find them.
They've gone off somewhere to sleep.
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00:01:29,060 --> 00:01:30,620
Your Royal Highness,
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why exactly are Mr Sheridan,
Sir John MacDonald and Mr O'Sullivan
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handling the administration
of your army?
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Because I chose them.
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I consider those gentlemen to be
utterly trustworthy and competent.
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The first thing my men will find
when they do awake
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is the enemy on them,
cutting their throats.
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James MacDonald, taxman.
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Senior officer
in a ruthless clan system,
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00:02:58,020 --> 00:03:00,220
who's brought with him
on to the moor
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00:03:00,340 --> 00:03:02,620
men whose land he controls.
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00:03:02,980 --> 00:03:06,020
Alistair McVurrich,
subtenant of a taxman.
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00:03:06,220 --> 00:03:10,260
Owns one eighth of an acre
of soggy ground and two cows.
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00:03:10,580 --> 00:03:13,460
Alan MacColl,
subtenant of a subtenant.
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00:03:13,700 --> 00:03:18,300
Owns half-share in a small
potato patch measuring 30 feet.
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00:03:19,420 --> 00:03:22,020
Angus MacDonald,
servant of a subtenant.
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00:03:22,140 --> 00:03:24,060
He owns nothing.
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00:03:24,300 --> 00:03:27,620
Lowest in the clan structure,
he is called a “cotter.“
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This man is totally dependent on
the men above him in the clan system.
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They, in their tum, on the taxman.
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They, in their tum, on this one man,
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the man who has brought them all
onto the moor.
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00:03:39,460 --> 00:03:43,300
Alexander MacDonald,
called, in Gaelic, MacDhomhnuill,
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00:03:43,460 --> 00:03:45,540
chief of the MacDonald's of Keppoch.
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00:03:46,180 --> 00:03:48,380
The owner of all his tenants' land,
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00:03:48,540 --> 00:03:52,340
the rem he has charged them
is to fight with him as clan warriors
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00:03:52,500 --> 00:03:54,020
whenever he decrees.
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00:03:54,260 --> 00:03:58,180
This is the system
of the Highland clan: human rent.
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00:03:58,980 --> 00:04:02,700
I hold my land from MacCruachan,
as my father did,
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00:04:02,980 --> 00:04:06,860
by bringing him 20 fighting men
from amongst my tenants.
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00:04:07,220 --> 00:04:09,180
These I have brought.
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00:04:09,620 --> 00:04:14,220
To this man, who is rent,
today's battle is a matter of honour.
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00:04:30,380 --> 00:04:32,860
I fight today because it is an honour
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00:04:33,060 --> 00:04:35,820
to be with my chief, MacDhomhnuill,
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00:04:35,940 --> 00:04:39,100
and because my father
fought beside his father.
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00:04:40,100 --> 00:04:44,900
To this man, who is rem,
the battle is a matter of revenge.
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00:04:54,500 --> 00:04:58,980
I fight first for MacDhomhnuill,
then for Charlie.
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00:04:59,260 --> 00:05:02,020
Then because the Campbells,
who did steal my cows,
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00:05:02,140 --> 00:05:03,700
are with the enemy.
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00:05:04,260 --> 00:05:07,740
I have also raised
over 100 men from Rannoch.
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00:05:07,940 --> 00:05:11,900
Some were unwilling.
With these, I used force.
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00:05:12,140 --> 00:05:16,220
Alistair McVurrich, told by
his taxman that if he did not fight
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00:05:16,380 --> 00:05:19,460
he would have his cattle taken
and his roof burnt.
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00:05:20,180 --> 00:05:22,540
This is the system of the clan,
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00:05:25,860 --> 00:05:29,060
a system that has brought
on to the moor over 4,000 men,
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00:05:29,180 --> 00:05:32,820
men from Argyll and Inverness,
from Moidart, Appin and the isles,
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00:05:32,940 --> 00:05:35,820
Catholics, Episcopalians,
Presbyterians,
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00:05:35,900 --> 00:05:38,740
the MacDonalds, the MacLeans,
the Chisholms, the Camerons,
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the Farquharsons, the Frasers,
men of 14 major Highland clans.
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Men like this.
Donald Cameron of Loch Eil,
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00:05:51,140 --> 00:05:53,780
chief of the powerful clan Cameron,
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fearing for the survival of
the ancient and ruthless society
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00:05:56,900 --> 00:05:58,500
to which he belongs.
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Because he is here on the moor,
most of the other chiefs are here.
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00:06:02,660 --> 00:06:05,620
Because he is here, Keppoch is here.
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00:06:06,100 --> 00:06:09,900
Because I feel that
the Act of Union with England
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00:06:10,060 --> 00:06:11,420
is a betrayal.
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00:06:11,780 --> 00:06:15,780
Because Prince Charles is a Catholic
and I am a Catholic.
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00:06:16,020 --> 00:06:18,900
And the king in London
is a Protestant.
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00:06:19,180 --> 00:06:22,260
Because Charles is part Scot
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00:06:22,420 --> 00:06:24,460
and I am a Scot.
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00:06:25,300 --> 00:06:27,820
And the king in London is a German.
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00:06:29,260 --> 00:06:31,220
Prince Charles Edward Stuart,
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00:06:31,340 --> 00:06:35,180
the centre of all these men's hopes,
himself half-Polish.
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00:06:35,580 --> 00:06:37,740
Age 25 and four months,
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00:06:37,860 --> 00:06:40,020
son of the exiled
James the Pretender,
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00:06:40,140 --> 00:06:42,140
he landed in Scotland
nine months ago,
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00:06:42,260 --> 00:06:45,300
raised the clan army
on a Highland surge of nationalism,
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00:06:45,460 --> 00:06:49,380
marched to Derby and came within an ace
of toppling the Hanoverian dynasty
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and regaining the throne
for his father.
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00:06:52,940 --> 00:06:55,740
Though since forced
to retreat back into the Highlands
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00:06:55,900 --> 00:06:58,300
and despite
all evidence to the contrary,
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Charles remains supremely confident
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00:07:01,060 --> 00:07:04,780
both of victory and
his welcome by the English people.
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00:07:06,460 --> 00:07:10,420
King George ll is both
a usurper and a tyrant.
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00:07:10,900 --> 00:07:12,620
He's kept my father's crown
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00:07:12,740 --> 00:07:16,060
by enslaving all the people
of this island.
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00:07:16,500 --> 00:07:18,660
He's deemed unpopular
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00:07:18,780 --> 00:07:20,980
and I know that once victory is mine
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00:07:21,060 --> 00:07:23,900
the people of England
will welcome me.
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00:07:29,660 --> 00:07:32,580
Lord George Murray, age 51.
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00:07:32,700 --> 00:07:35,060
Lieutenant General in the clan army.
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00:07:35,460 --> 00:07:36,940
As their commanding officer,
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00:07:37,060 --> 00:07:39,620
this man forged
the undisciplined Highlanders
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00:07:39,740 --> 00:07:42,380
into an army that not only
almost reached London
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00:07:42,500 --> 00:07:45,420
but that also twice reduced
superior English forces
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00:07:45,540 --> 00:07:47,420
into a panic-stricken rout,
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00:07:47,540 --> 00:07:50,500
first at Prestonpans,
then at Falkirk.
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00:07:50,820 --> 00:07:54,940
Blunt, imperious, this man has
bitterly quarreled with Charles
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00:07:55,060 --> 00:07:57,580
over the chaos
in the army administration
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00:07:57,740 --> 00:08:00,740
and over the choice
of this battlefield,
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00:08:01,060 --> 00:08:03,620
chosen by John William O'Sullivan.
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00:08:04,180 --> 00:08:07,140
Flat, treeless, devoid of shelter,
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00:08:07,740 --> 00:08:09,900
ideal for the employment
by the British army
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00:08:10,020 --> 00:08:11,940
of its cannon and cavalry.
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00:08:12,580 --> 00:08:14,740
And from behind the shelter
of these walls,
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00:08:14,860 --> 00:08:17,420
which O'Sullivan
has refused to pull down,
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00:08:17,540 --> 00:08:22,820
Lord George Murray also fears
both crossfire and outflanking.
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00:08:23,460 --> 00:08:24,660
Mr O'Sullivan,
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00:08:24,820 --> 00:08:27,660
in view of what Lord George
feels about the battlefield,
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00:08:27,780 --> 00:08:29,460
have you inspected
the ground yourself?
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00:08:29,620 --> 00:08:31,980
- No, I have not.
- Why not?
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00:08:32,100 --> 00:08:34,020
Because I don't deem it necessary.
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00:08:34,500 --> 00:08:36,540
It is a large, plain moor
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00:08:36,660 --> 00:08:41,380
and, as such, it's a fair field
for the enemy horse and cannon
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00:08:41,540 --> 00:08:44,260
against which the
Highlanders will be defenceless.
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00:08:44,580 --> 00:08:47,660
I have informed His Royal Highness
that it is a good field
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which I believe it to be.
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00:08:49,540 --> 00:08:51,820
I have told the Prince
I do not like it.
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00:08:52,100 --> 00:08:54,380
Your Highness,
why are you fighting today,
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00:08:54,500 --> 00:08:57,420
when the ground here has been
criticized by some of your officers?
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00:08:57,580 --> 00:08:59,460
Because God is on our side
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00:08:59,580 --> 00:09:04,140
and I am convinced that my duty
to my people lies in fighting today.
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00:09:04,500 --> 00:09:08,740
It's my opinion that the choice
of the field for us is suicidal.
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00:09:58,980 --> 00:10:02,780
9,000 men, 16 battalions of infantry,
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00:10:03,140 --> 00:10:05,140
12 squadrons of cavalry,
140
00:10:05,340 --> 00:10:07,340
8 companies of militia,
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00:10:07,500 --> 00:10:10,740
220,000 rounds of musket ammunition,
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00:10:11,180 --> 00:10:13,620
10 three-pounder battalion cannons,
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00:10:13,860 --> 00:10:16,380
800 three-pound cannonballs,
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00:10:16,660 --> 00:10:18,340
500 bags of cannon grapeshot.
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00:10:39,780 --> 00:10:41,900
This man's name is Fraser.
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00:10:42,260 --> 00:10:45,580
A deserter from the Government army,
he still wears its uniform
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00:10:45,900 --> 00:10:48,420
but now stands
in the ranks of the Prince's army,
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00:10:48,540 --> 00:10:51,100
amongst the men
of his own clan and name.
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00:10:51,220 --> 00:10:53,660
He knows that,
if he is captured as a deserter,
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00:10:53,780 --> 00:10:58,140
he will be immediately court-martialled
to a sentence of death by throttling.
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00:11:07,660 --> 00:11:12,140
These are the Wild Geese,
150 exiled Irishmen
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00:11:12,260 --> 00:11:14,740
sewing in the army
of His Most Christian Majesty,
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00:11:14,860 --> 00:11:18,940
Louis XV of France, the most
powerful ally of the Stuart cause.
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00:11:20,180 --> 00:11:22,260
Brigadier General Walter Stapleton,
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00:11:22,380 --> 00:11:25,540
commander, Irish pickets
of the French army.
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00:11:26,020 --> 00:11:29,580
Yes, we're here because
Prince Charles is a Catholic.
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00:11:30,020 --> 00:11:32,300
It will be a fine thing
for all Catholics
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00:11:32,420 --> 00:11:35,500
when Charlie's on the throne
and German George is off it.
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00:11:35,700 --> 00:11:38,740
If we had a Catholic king
on the throne in this country,
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00:11:38,980 --> 00:11:40,780
then we could get back
to living in our own.
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00:11:41,060 --> 00:11:44,140
You must remember that
your Protestant king in London
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00:11:44,260 --> 00:11:47,780
is passing penal laws
against the Catholics in Ireland.
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00:11:48,220 --> 00:11:51,500
I'm from County Tipperary.
Now I've got to live in Boulogne.
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00:11:52,100 --> 00:11:55,940
You won't find a Catholic Irishman
with much cause to love George ll.
165
00:12:00,460 --> 00:12:05,020
William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland,
third son of King George ll.
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00:12:05,460 --> 00:12:07,700
Age 25 and one day.
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00:12:07,780 --> 00:12:10,540
Commander in chief
of the Government army in Scotland.
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00:12:10,660 --> 00:12:13,540
Salary £15,000 per year.
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00:12:14,500 --> 00:12:18,980
Alexander Laing, private.
Salary sixpence a day.
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00:12:19,780 --> 00:12:23,100
Patrick McColman,
three days ago a sergeant,
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00:12:23,220 --> 00:12:25,580
two days ago 800 lashes for looting,
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00:12:26,180 --> 00:12:28,140
today a private.
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00:12:29,420 --> 00:12:31,180
John Mallaby, private.
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00:12:31,460 --> 00:12:33,380
Pressed into service.
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00:12:35,180 --> 00:12:37,180
William Roach, private.
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00:12:37,300 --> 00:12:40,500
Two years of his pay would not
buy even the wig and hat
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of the officer marching
in from of him.
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00:12:43,300 --> 00:12:46,180
Joshua Ward,
lieutenant, British army,
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00:12:46,340 --> 00:12:49,100
a fraternity where
the least pretension to learning,
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00:12:49,220 --> 00:12:51,140
to piety or to common morals
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00:12:51,300 --> 00:12:54,180
would endanger
the owner to be cashiered.
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00:12:54,820 --> 00:12:56,660
I will now pass...
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00:12:57,580 --> 00:12:59,500
in the middle of the second line.
184
00:12:59,780 --> 00:13:01,300
Your Highness.
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00:13:03,460 --> 00:13:06,580
Give me a battery
in the centre of the front line.
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00:13:14,460 --> 00:13:18,260
Alexander Laing
carries a .753 musket,
187
00:13:18,540 --> 00:13:20,900
firing a ball of
one ounce and a third weight
188
00:13:21,020 --> 00:13:23,340
an effective distance of 60 paces.
189
00:13:23,820 --> 00:13:27,980
He carries sufficient ball, paper
and black powder for 24 cartridges.
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00:13:29,020 --> 00:13:31,700
He carries at his hip
a brass-hiked sword
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00:13:31,820 --> 00:13:34,740
and a bayonet
with 18 inches of fluted steel.
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00:13:36,020 --> 00:13:38,860
Alistair McVurrich
carries in his right hand
193
00:13:39,220 --> 00:13:41,300
an outdated dragoon pistol
194
00:13:41,420 --> 00:13:43,900
for which he has
no further ammunition.
195
00:13:44,620 --> 00:13:46,460
What's the gun you're sewing?
196
00:13:46,660 --> 00:13:49,580
It's a three-pounder.
Right now, it's downright useless.
197
00:13:49,700 --> 00:13:51,020
Why's that?
198
00:13:51,660 --> 00:13:53,660
We've only got 4 lb ammunition for it.
199
00:13:54,380 --> 00:13:56,140
I tell you, it's chaos.
200
00:13:56,900 --> 00:14:00,540
Half the ammunition's with the food.
That's still back in Inverness.
201
00:14:00,660 --> 00:14:03,100
I haven't eaten for...
I don't know how long.
202
00:14:03,500 --> 00:14:06,980
Ah, well now... that really
is not my responsibility.
203
00:14:07,100 --> 00:14:09,620
But, Mr O'Sullivan, you are
the quartermaster general
204
00:14:09,740 --> 00:14:13,220
and, as such, surely you're responsible
for the distribution of food.
205
00:14:13,340 --> 00:14:15,660
In normal circumstances, yes
206
00:14:15,780 --> 00:14:19,580
but now, as I am much pressed
by other affairs,
207
00:14:19,780 --> 00:14:22,340
I have given that responsibility
to someone else.
208
00:14:22,580 --> 00:14:24,460
When was the last time you ate?
209
00:14:29,460 --> 00:14:31,220
Two days ago.
210
00:14:37,820 --> 00:14:39,780
The day before yesterday.
211
00:14:40,020 --> 00:14:42,020
This morning he killed a pig
212
00:14:42,260 --> 00:14:44,740
but wasn't allowed time to eat it.
213
00:14:48,580 --> 00:14:50,780
I can't remember.
214
00:14:51,100 --> 00:14:54,940
Andrew Henderson, Whig historian,
biographer of Cumberland,
215
00:14:55,020 --> 00:14:57,260
eyewitness of the Battle of Culloden.
216
00:14:57,380 --> 00:14:59,020
The time is 12:15.
217
00:14:59,900 --> 00:15:02,780
Now this wall,
behind which we're sheltering,
218
00:15:02,900 --> 00:15:06,820
is at approximately right angles
to the rebel lines.
219
00:15:07,140 --> 00:15:11,140
I've drawn a rough sketch map here.
220
00:15:12,700 --> 00:15:15,380
The rebel lines are here.
221
00:15:16,220 --> 00:15:18,900
We are here.
222
00:15:19,820 --> 00:15:23,900
And the Duke of Cumberland's army
is here.
223
00:15:34,020 --> 00:15:37,300
9,000 men in 16 infantry battalions
224
00:15:37,500 --> 00:15:39,900
three of which are themselves Scot,
225
00:15:40,100 --> 00:15:43,700
a total of 1,300 regular soldiers
from the Lowlands,
226
00:15:43,940 --> 00:15:46,460
plus, in reserve,
the volunteer militias
227
00:15:46,580 --> 00:15:49,500
of Stirling, Edinburgh,
Dumfries and Glasgow,
228
00:15:49,620 --> 00:15:51,820
a further 8,000 men.
229
00:16:00,100 --> 00:16:02,060
Charles Edward Stuart,
230
00:16:02,180 --> 00:16:05,180
regent claimant to the thrones
of England and Scotland,
231
00:16:05,300 --> 00:16:08,620
has more Scots-in-arms
against him than for him.
232
00:16:14,700 --> 00:16:16,700
And, ranged against him
in the Highlands,
233
00:16:16,820 --> 00:16:19,180
he has the Whig clans
siding with the Government,
234
00:16:19,300 --> 00:16:21,380
the Munros, the Rosses,
the MacKenzies,
235
00:16:21,500 --> 00:16:23,820
the McLeods of Skye, the Sutherlands,
236
00:16:23,940 --> 00:16:27,860
and here on the moor,
the Campbells of the Argyll militia.
237
00:16:34,100 --> 00:16:38,260
Here to fight Charles and his
rebellion, here to take clan revenge,
238
00:16:38,380 --> 00:16:40,420
Angus Ian Campbell,
239
00:16:40,500 --> 00:16:43,340
wife murdered by the MacDonalds.
240
00:16:45,860 --> 00:16:50,180
Alistair MacDonald, brother
killed by Campbells in a cattle raid.
241
00:16:50,780 --> 00:16:54,020
For him, loyalties to Charlie
mean little.
242
00:16:54,300 --> 00:16:57,860
For him,
today's battle is a clan battle.
243
00:16:58,420 --> 00:17:02,580
The swords those bastards use
can cut a man in half.
244
00:17:03,620 --> 00:17:05,420
Well, I reckon
we'll have them this time.
245
00:17:05,540 --> 00:17:09,860
- Why do you say that?
- We've got a new bayonet drill, see.
246
00:17:10,540 --> 00:17:13,060
You don't poke
at the man in front of you.
247
00:17:13,140 --> 00:17:16,100
You poke at the man
coming at your chum on the right.
248
00:17:16,380 --> 00:17:19,460
That means,
as he's lifting his sword arm,
249
00:17:19,660 --> 00:17:21,420
you get him underneath, like.
250
00:17:22,380 --> 00:17:24,020
What do you think about the rebels?
251
00:17:25,260 --> 00:17:30,140
Well... I ain't taken me clothes off
for six weeks.
252
00:17:31,180 --> 00:17:33,900
I reckon till we lay
them bastards out I won't, neither.
253
00:17:34,180 --> 00:17:35,980
I'll tell you one thing.
254
00:17:36,340 --> 00:17:39,260
I know a lot of the boys
make fun of our Billy Cumberland
255
00:17:39,460 --> 00:17:41,380
but I reckon he's all right.
256
00:17:41,500 --> 00:17:43,900
He's a tough bastard
but at least he feeds you
257
00:17:44,020 --> 00:17:46,220
which is more than some of them do.
258
00:17:46,340 --> 00:17:50,860
I've heard said the rebels want to cut
him as small as herbs for the pot.
259
00:17:50,980 --> 00:17:53,780
Well... I don't reckon that.
260
00:17:54,180 --> 00:17:56,340
They're a lot of friggin' savages.
261
00:17:57,860 --> 00:17:59,700
Donald Gram, a farmer,
262
00:17:59,860 --> 00:18:02,540
forced a month ago
into the Highland army,
263
00:18:02,660 --> 00:18:05,540
twice has deserted
back to farm and family,
264
00:18:05,700 --> 00:18:08,820
twice has been captured
and forced to return.
265
00:18:09,860 --> 00:18:11,980
Euan MacDonald, farmer,
266
00:18:12,820 --> 00:18:16,580
forced into the Highland army
the day before yesterday.
267
00:18:17,060 --> 00:18:19,980
With him his son,
John Angus MacDonald,
268
00:18:20,380 --> 00:18:22,740
the day before yesterday a ploughboy,
269
00:18:22,860 --> 00:18:24,980
today a rebel in arms.
270
00:18:25,180 --> 00:18:26,820
His age, 13.
271
00:18:35,420 --> 00:18:39,300
I can't just make out
what's happening in the rebel lines.
272
00:18:39,900 --> 00:18:42,380
There's much confusion of movement.
273
00:18:43,580 --> 00:18:47,380
Large numbers of men are moving about,
changing their position...
274
00:18:49,820 --> 00:18:52,620
and there are large gaps
in the centre.
275
00:18:53,380 --> 00:18:57,100
It seems to me as though
the entire line is completely askew.
276
00:18:57,500 --> 00:18:58,420
Why is this?
277
00:18:58,540 --> 00:19:01,180
We are all MacDonalds and, as such,
278
00:19:01,500 --> 00:19:06,100
we are entitled to stand
on the right in the line of battle.
279
00:19:07,140 --> 00:19:10,660
This is an ancient
MacDonald privilege
280
00:19:11,340 --> 00:19:13,900
and yet Mr O'Sullivan
281
00:19:14,020 --> 00:19:18,020
has thought fit to place
Lord George Murray's men
282
00:19:18,900 --> 00:19:20,180
in that position.
283
00:19:20,460 --> 00:19:24,420
The main reason is that
yesterday the Prince had an idea
284
00:19:24,580 --> 00:19:28,260
for a surprise march by night
on the camp of Cumberland.
285
00:19:28,420 --> 00:19:31,100
This we attempted. It failed.
286
00:19:31,300 --> 00:19:34,820
But it meant that we were
all up marching the entire night.
287
00:19:35,460 --> 00:19:38,140
Consequently, the men are exhausted
288
00:19:38,220 --> 00:19:40,940
and are still stumbling
into their positions.
289
00:19:41,260 --> 00:19:43,660
What effect has this had
on your men?
290
00:19:44,860 --> 00:19:46,420
Look at them.
291
00:19:46,660 --> 00:19:48,780
When did you last sleep?
292
00:19:55,340 --> 00:19:57,420
As far as I am concerned,
293
00:19:57,580 --> 00:20:00,660
we are now putting an end
to a bad affair.
294
00:20:01,020 --> 00:20:04,340
The Scots are fair fighters
until a crisis is reached
295
00:20:04,780 --> 00:20:07,340
and it's my opinion
we've now reached that crisis.
296
00:20:07,820 --> 00:20:10,700
With all these things amiss
in our army,
297
00:20:10,900 --> 00:20:13,940
it would have been better had the
Prince made some plan for retreat.
298
00:20:14,300 --> 00:20:17,100
Bu! Charles
has made no plans for retreat.
299
00:20:17,220 --> 00:20:21,060
He says that only those who are
afraid can doubt his coming victory.
300
00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:23,900
He puts from his mind
the discontent of the MacDonalds,
301
00:20:24,060 --> 00:20:26,100
the fatigue and hunger of his men,
302
00:20:26,220 --> 00:20:28,380
the total outnumbering of his army,
303
00:20:28,500 --> 00:20:30,180
the thinning of ranks by desertion,
304
00:20:30,300 --> 00:20:32,220
the ill choice of battlefield,
305
00:20:32,380 --> 00:20:36,580
convinced as he is
of the invincibility of his men.
306
00:20:36,780 --> 00:20:38,900
God is on our side.
307
00:20:39,500 --> 00:20:42,740
Our cause is just
and we will triumph this day.
308
00:20:43,460 --> 00:20:47,900
The soldiers in the Elector's army
know me to be their lawful Prince.
309
00:20:48,420 --> 00:20:51,340
And so I'm convinced
they'll break in panic,
310
00:20:51,460 --> 00:20:54,340
for they will never dare fight me.
311
00:20:54,740 --> 00:20:58,900
Battalion, fix your bayonets.
Fix.
312
00:21:24,180 --> 00:21:27,100
This man's name is Chisholm,
James Chisholm.
313
00:21:27,500 --> 00:21:31,540
A private in the Government army,
he is also a Highland Scot.
314
00:21:32,780 --> 00:21:37,060
This man's name too is Chisholm,
Roderick Og Chisholm.
315
00:21:37,740 --> 00:21:39,100
Fifth son of the clan chief,
316
00:21:39,220 --> 00:21:42,140
he stands before his men
in the Prince's army.
317
00:21:42,660 --> 00:21:46,500
The Chisholm 500 yards away
is this man's brother.
318
00:21:48,020 --> 00:21:51,580
Charles Edward Stuart's war
is a civil war.
319
00:21:59,460 --> 00:22:02,540
They've started.
The rebel cannon have opened fire.
320
00:22:02,980 --> 00:22:06,300
The cannon have opened
from the rebels' centre
321
00:22:06,420 --> 00:22:08,780
and they're over-elevated.
322
00:22:09,180 --> 00:22:10,300
Fire!
323
00:22:13,780 --> 00:22:14,460
Batteries...
324
00:22:16,100 --> 00:22:17,900
from open sights...
325
00:22:18,340 --> 00:22:21,300
at will... fire!
326
00:22:21,860 --> 00:22:22,980
Pull!
327
00:22:23,420 --> 00:22:24,580
Fire!
328
00:22:27,300 --> 00:22:28,620
Fire!
329
00:22:29,500 --> 00:22:31,660
That's the Duke of Cumberland's
cannons.
330
00:22:34,740 --> 00:22:36,300
Cannonades all around me!
331
00:22:36,500 --> 00:22:39,100
I'm going to have to shout
to make myself heard!
332
00:22:46,020 --> 00:22:49,620
The smoke
is beginning to thicken.
333
00:22:50,220 --> 00:22:52,260
It's going to be very difficult
334
00:22:52,420 --> 00:22:56,900
to see what effect our cannon
is having on the rebel lines.
335
00:23:11,860 --> 00:23:15,940
A cast-iron ball of three pounds'
weight, fired from open sights.
336
00:23:16,100 --> 00:23:19,500
This is roundshot.
This is what it does.
337
00:23:20,220 --> 00:23:21,700
Pull!
338
00:23:25,980 --> 00:23:30,820
Alistair McInnes, age 20.
Right leg severed below knee joint.
339
00:23:35,340 --> 00:23:40,420
Malcolm Angus Chisholm, age 24.
Disembowelled.
340
00:23:43,060 --> 00:23:46,860
Ian MacDonald, age 13. Shot.
341
00:23:49,860 --> 00:23:51,100
1:12.
342
00:23:51,500 --> 00:23:54,540
Dazed, indecisive, Charles
has moved to behind
343
00:23:54,660 --> 00:23:56,780
the right flank of the Jacobite lines
344
00:23:56,900 --> 00:24:00,100
and is now unable to see
what is happening to his army.
345
00:24:10,260 --> 00:24:13,100
Ordered by O'Sullivan
to stand in the ranks six-deep,
346
00:24:13,220 --> 00:24:14,740
the men on the Highland right
347
00:24:14,860 --> 00:24:18,100
make a clear and tight-packed target
for the English gunners.
348
00:24:24,700 --> 00:24:25,620
Pull!
349
00:24:28,620 --> 00:24:32,060
The rebels' artillery
have stopped firing altogether
350
00:24:32,500 --> 00:24:35,140
and, before they did, we counted...
How many?
351
00:24:36,260 --> 00:24:39,980
We counted 15 to 20 shots
fired by our artillery
352
00:24:40,220 --> 00:24:42,300
for every one fired by the rebels.
353
00:24:43,620 --> 00:24:44,740
1:17.
354
00:24:44,900 --> 00:24:47,940
The second result of
O'Sullivan's administration.
355
00:24:48,300 --> 00:24:52,260
The Prince's artillery, iii-fed
by a sporadic ammunition supply,
356
00:24:52,460 --> 00:24:54,820
ill-served by untrained amateurs,
357
00:24:55,020 --> 00:24:56,420
ceases fire.
358
00:24:56,740 --> 00:24:57,940
Pull!
359
00:25:02,300 --> 00:25:04,140
Have you had orders to attack, sir?
360
00:25:04,300 --> 00:25:06,740
- No, I've had none!
- Well, why not?
361
00:25:06,860 --> 00:25:08,740
The Prince hasn't given any!
362
00:25:08,860 --> 00:25:11,900
If he doesn't give them soon,
he'll lose the entire army!
363
00:25:12,020 --> 00:25:13,660
We're being shelled to pieces!
364
00:25:34,140 --> 00:25:35,380
Pull!
365
00:25:37,060 --> 00:25:38,500
Reload!
366
00:25:40,460 --> 00:25:41,740
Pull!
367
00:25:53,060 --> 00:25:54,140
Reload!
368
00:26:12,500 --> 00:26:15,500
- What's the Prince doing?
- I don't know!
369
00:26:15,620 --> 00:26:17,740
Nobody knows what he's doing!
370
00:26:17,900 --> 00:26:21,180
1:22. Prince Charles Stuart,
paralyzed with indecision,
371
00:26:21,300 --> 00:26:25,220
still has given no order,
either to advance or to retreat.
372
00:26:25,660 --> 00:26:30,180
1:22. Clan Cameron,
200 men, shot to pieces.
373
00:26:30,300 --> 00:26:33,500
Clan Stewart,
180 men, shot to pieces.
374
00:26:34,980 --> 00:26:36,820
This is fantastic!
375
00:26:36,940 --> 00:26:38,900
If this keeps up much longer,
376
00:26:39,020 --> 00:26:41,540
our gunners will have
finished the whole affair.
377
00:26:41,700 --> 00:26:45,540
The cannonade... The cannonade
has given our men infinite spirits.
378
00:26:52,260 --> 00:26:56,460
Clan Chisholm casualties,
47 killed or maimed.
379
00:26:58,780 --> 00:27:02,860
This is incredible! Those men have
been standing there for 22 minutes!
380
00:27:03,500 --> 00:27:05,740
They're just lining the ranks!
381
00:27:06,780 --> 00:27:09,940
The rebels are being
literally blown apart!
382
00:27:10,420 --> 00:27:14,060
Why are they standing there?
Why in God's name don't they run?
383
00:27:15,860 --> 00:27:18,740
1:30. Still no order to advance.
384
00:27:18,860 --> 00:27:22,820
Clan army casualties,
700 dead or maimed.
385
00:27:37,260 --> 00:27:39,180
Charles Stuart hopes
that by not advancing
386
00:27:39,300 --> 00:27:43,460
he will tempt the Government army
out of its battle lines to attack him.
387
00:27:43,780 --> 00:27:46,700
1:32 pm. Cumberland orders a move
388
00:27:48,080 --> 00:27:50,480
but not the one
his cousin is expecting.
389
00:27:50,960 --> 00:27:53,920
I want Wolfe's battalion
to advance inside on the left!
390
00:27:54,040 --> 00:27:54,760
Your Highness!
391
00:27:59,720 --> 00:28:02,480
At 1:32, Cumberland places a battalion
392
00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:06,000
behind one of the walls
O'Sullivan has refused to pull down,
393
00:28:06,920 --> 00:28:08,840
to fire into the side
of the clan army
394
00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:11,040
when it charges
the Government front.
395
00:28:11,600 --> 00:28:15,240
This is the crossfire
O'Sullivan said would never happen.
396
00:28:25,720 --> 00:28:30,920
Oh, yes, yes... Units of the Argyll...
the Campbell-Argyll militia, yes?
397
00:28:31,080 --> 00:28:34,320
And there are squadrons
of dragoons with them.
398
00:28:35,240 --> 00:28:38,560
Yes, it's obvious that
His Royal Highness has decided
399
00:28:38,720 --> 00:28:43,400
to have units of the Campbell-Argyll
militia and some squadrons of dragoons
400
00:28:43,520 --> 00:28:47,440
to go down behind
the south side of this wall,
401
00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:49,080
out of sight of the enemy,
402
00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:52,760
to take them in the rear
and outflank the rebels.
403
00:28:53,920 --> 00:28:56,320
Thus, also at 1:32 pm,
404
00:28:56,440 --> 00:28:58,520
begins the outflanking movement
405
00:28:58,640 --> 00:29:01,400
that O'Sullivan
said would never happen.
406
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:06,200
29 minutes too late,
Charles Stuart orders an advance
407
00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:09,080
along the entire from
of the Jacobite army.
408
00:29:11,400 --> 00:29:13,720
And you make the right side advance!
409
00:29:19,400 --> 00:29:22,360
Bu! The message
fails to reach the right wing.
410
00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:25,960
Casualties, 850.
411
00:29:30,840 --> 00:29:33,160
Have you still had
no orders to attack?
412
00:29:33,280 --> 00:29:35,160
No! I've had no orders!
413
00:29:35,280 --> 00:29:38,080
I had a message from Mr O'Sullivan,
414
00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:41,480
which, as ever,
I failed to comprehend!
415
00:29:41,600 --> 00:29:43,440
- The line's broken up!
- What?
416
00:29:46,760 --> 00:29:49,320
They're charging,
they're coming straight at us!
417
00:29:51,360 --> 00:29:53,480
Sir, the right has broken forward!
418
00:29:54,200 --> 00:29:55,320
The walls will hold them.
419
00:29:55,880 --> 00:29:59,800
- They're going straight!
- Get down behing the wall there!
420
00:30:04,640 --> 00:30:08,080
After 28 minutes of cannonfire!
What sort of men are these?
421
00:30:08,680 --> 00:30:11,320
- Right! Change from ball to grape.
- Change from ball to grape!
422
00:30:13,640 --> 00:30:16,120
A cylindrical canvas bag
eight inches in length,
423
00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:19,000
packed with musketballs
and pieces of jagged iron.
424
00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:22,000
This is grapeshot.
This is what it does.
425
00:30:22,120 --> 00:30:23,400
Pull!
426
00:30:28,160 --> 00:30:29,160
Pull!
427
00:30:34,800 --> 00:30:37,600
It must be the grape! The centre
has collided with the right.
428
00:30:37,880 --> 00:30:39,400
There's great confusion,
bodies flying!
429
00:31:02,760 --> 00:31:05,320
They must be going to receive fire
from our centre battalions!
430
00:31:18,120 --> 00:31:20,320
Charge! Charge!
431
00:31:27,840 --> 00:31:29,520
Fire!
432
00:31:34,200 --> 00:31:35,120
Bastards!
433
00:31:39,160 --> 00:31:40,560
God, they're almost upon us!
434
00:31:47,840 --> 00:31:50,560
They're firing from this side
and from this side.
435
00:31:50,680 --> 00:31:52,280
They're been cut to pieces!
436
00:31:52,360 --> 00:31:54,280
It must be chaos behind those walls!
Chaos!
437
00:32:04,520 --> 00:32:06,200
Barrell's!
438
00:32:08,040 --> 00:32:11,000
Towards this one regiment,
Barrell's Fourth of Foot,
439
00:32:11,320 --> 00:32:14,200
heads the entire right
of the clan army,
440
00:32:14,360 --> 00:32:16,360
800 men in a solid clump,
441
00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:20,240
running with a collision speed
of over 12 miles an hour.
442
00:32:28,520 --> 00:32:31,160
Alternate... firing!
443
00:32:31,600 --> 00:32:33,480
Battalion, take care.
444
00:32:33,800 --> 00:32:36,560
Fall in by rank. Take aim!
445
00:32:37,520 --> 00:32:39,160
Rear rank, present!
446
00:32:39,800 --> 00:32:41,360
Rear rank, fire!
447
00:32:47,720 --> 00:32:48,720
Fire!
448
00:32:50,840 --> 00:32:52,360
Front rank, take aim!
449
00:32:53,640 --> 00:32:54,520
Front rank, fire!
450
00:32:58,440 --> 00:32:59,640
Rear rank, present.
451
00:33:00,720 --> 00:33:01,680
Fire!
452
00:33:04,720 --> 00:33:06,160
Centre rank, present.
453
00:33:11,120 --> 00:33:12,720
Front rank, present.
454
00:33:24,840 --> 00:33:27,240
Remember, Barrell's,
off to the right!
455
00:34:35,040 --> 00:34:36,800
They've broken through Barrell's!
456
00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:46,920
General Huske, advance Bligh's
and Semphill's, support on the left.
457
00:34:47,080 --> 00:34:47,800
Your Highness.
458
00:34:47,920 --> 00:34:52,360
1:57 and the Duke of Cumberland
sees the men of his second line,
459
00:34:52,480 --> 00:34:56,320
placed there for just such an
emergency, fire with crippling effect
460
00:34:56,480 --> 00:34:59,200
into the Highlanders
who broke through the from line.
461
00:34:59,960 --> 00:35:03,760
1:57. Charles Stuart,
who has made no battle plan at all,
462
00:35:03,880 --> 00:35:08,160
sees, on the right wing, his men run
from this concentrated musketfire
463
00:35:08,840 --> 00:35:10,560
and sees, on his left wing,
464
00:35:10,840 --> 00:35:13,200
the MacDonalds, tired, hungry,
465
00:35:13,280 --> 00:35:16,600
rebellious at not being given their
rightful battle position by O'Sullivan,
466
00:35:16,680 --> 00:35:19,640
hold back from charging
the royal army right.
467
00:35:19,760 --> 00:35:21,360
Instead, they stand and taunt,
468
00:35:21,480 --> 00:35:24,520
trying to tempt the royal army lines
forward in disorder.
469
00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:28,360
Battalion Pulteney's, make ready!
470
00:35:43,120 --> 00:35:44,880
They're stopping to pick up stones!
Shoot!
471
00:35:53,120 --> 00:35:58,360
1:58. The MacDonalds, dismayed at
the sight of the advancing cavalry,
472
00:35:58,440 --> 00:36:00,360
themselves draw back.
473
00:36:00,560 --> 00:36:01,880
Keppoch, one of their leaders,
474
00:36:02,040 --> 00:36:05,160
runs forward with other clan officers
to encourage them
475
00:36:05,400 --> 00:36:08,080
and is shot through twice
by musketball.
476
00:36:08,600 --> 00:36:12,200
About him, his men tum and run.
477
00:36:12,640 --> 00:36:15,120
Time 1:59 pm.
478
00:36:15,440 --> 00:36:17,760
The rout of the Highland army begins.
479
00:36:18,320 --> 00:36:20,040
Christ, they're running.
480
00:36:20,320 --> 00:36:22,920
They're leaving the field
except for two small units,
481
00:36:23,120 --> 00:36:24,800
the French and the Irish.
482
00:36:28,040 --> 00:36:30,360
Let them through. Stand your ground.
483
00:36:58,240 --> 00:37:00,160
Guard, forward!
484
00:37:02,360 --> 00:37:03,680
Oh, Jesus!
485
00:37:04,200 --> 00:37:06,640
Front rank, present. Fire!
486
00:37:11,800 --> 00:37:13,320
Re-form! Re-form!
487
00:37:18,560 --> 00:37:21,920
Stand and aim! Fire!
488
00:37:42,520 --> 00:37:44,920
Walter Stapleton,
commander, Irish pickets,
489
00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:47,400
cut down with 100 of his men
490
00:37:47,600 --> 00:37:49,560
as the Scots about them run.
491
00:37:51,640 --> 00:37:53,560
Where are you going, you?
492
00:37:55,800 --> 00:37:58,560
Charles Stuart
tries to rally his men.
493
00:37:58,760 --> 00:38:01,560
"Pray stand with me, your Prince,"
he cries.
494
00:38:01,640 --> 00:38:04,640
"Pray stand with me but a moment,
otherwise you ruin me,
495
00:38:04,840 --> 00:38:07,640
"your country and yourselves
and God forgive you.“".
496
00:38:07,760 --> 00:38:09,160
But it is too late.
497
00:38:09,360 --> 00:38:11,720
At one minute past two
in the afternoon,
498
00:38:11,840 --> 00:38:13,480
his cause in ruins,
499
00:38:13,640 --> 00:38:16,240
Charles Edward Stuart
is led from the battlefield
500
00:38:16,400 --> 00:38:19,280
by the man most responsible
for his defeat.
501
00:38:19,600 --> 00:38:23,880
As Charles leaves, a senior
clan officer screams after him,
502
00:38:23,960 --> 00:38:26,400
"Run, you cowardly Italian."
503
00:38:27,040 --> 00:38:28,280
- Mr Fossett.
- Your Highness?
504
00:38:28,400 --> 00:38:31,200
- You will order a general ceasefire.
- Your Highness.
505
00:38:59,720 --> 00:39:02,320
Of the 9,000 men of the royal army
506
00:39:02,720 --> 00:39:05,080
who advanced this morning from Naim
with Private Laing,
507
00:39:05,880 --> 00:39:08,680
an estimated 50 are dead.
508
00:39:10,720 --> 00:39:13,520
Bu! For every one corpse
in the royal army
509
00:39:14,120 --> 00:39:16,840
there are 24 in the clan army.
510
00:39:19,280 --> 00:39:22,240
Piled in layers, dead or dying,
511
00:39:22,400 --> 00:39:24,640
are 1,200 men...
512
00:39:27,560 --> 00:39:31,360
including the brother
of Private James Chisholm.
513
00:39:33,160 --> 00:39:36,680
There was scarce a soldier or officer
of Barrell's Fourth of Foot
514
00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:40,960
who did not kill one or two men each
with their bayonets or spontoons.
515
00:39:41,680 --> 00:39:44,440
Not a bayonet but was bent
and stained with blood
516
00:39:44,560 --> 00:39:46,480
to the muzzles of their muskets.
517
00:39:47,360 --> 00:39:51,360
All witnesses agreed that, if
grapeshot were the king of battles,
518
00:39:52,080 --> 00:39:55,040
the bayonet was now
the queen of weapons.
519
00:39:56,160 --> 00:39:59,840
"It is mine and everybody': opinion,"
boasts a trooper,
520
00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:03,960
"that no history can brag
of so singular a victory."
521
00:40:06,680 --> 00:40:08,120
How do you feel?
522
00:40:11,080 --> 00:40:13,160
Don't feel nothing, really.
523
00:40:19,840 --> 00:40:22,880
I feel all right!
Well, now it's over.
524
00:41:00,520 --> 00:41:03,920
Battalion, take care!
525
00:41:04,560 --> 00:41:05,880
Halt!
526
00:41:08,080 --> 00:41:11,120
2:14pm. The battalions
of Cumberland
527
00:41:11,280 --> 00:41:16,160
halt at the lines held by the rebels
one hour and eight minutes ago.
528
00:41:19,720 --> 00:41:22,800
Battalion, shoulder your firelocks!
529
00:41:25,880 --> 00:41:28,680
Three cheers for His Royal Highness!
530
00:41:29,040 --> 00:41:31,160
- Hip, hip!
- Hurrah!
531
00:41:31,440 --> 00:41:35,000
Thus has ended the last battle
to be fought in Britain
532
00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:38,800
and the last armed attempt
to overthrow its king.
533
00:41:39,680 --> 00:41:43,720
The Establishment has been saved,
peace restored,
534
00:41:43,840 --> 00:41:48,160
Church, Crown,
trade and commerce safeguarded.
535
00:41:54,480 --> 00:41:58,160
Thus the Duke of Cumberland
won his only victory
536
00:41:58,600 --> 00:42:01,520
and Charles suffered his only defeat.
537
00:42:01,800 --> 00:42:05,520
His advisers are shortly to urge
his instructions for reassembly.
538
00:42:05,640 --> 00:42:10,120
"He is to reply, " Do as you wish.
Only, for God's sake, let us go.“
539
00:42:10,640 --> 00:42:14,160
Charles Edward Stuart,
his cause now in ruins,
540
00:42:14,920 --> 00:42:17,040
has given one order too many.
541
00:42:21,000 --> 00:42:24,920
Charles pitted these men against
the modem musket and bayonet,
542
00:42:25,160 --> 00:42:27,320
against cavalry and cannon.
543
00:42:28,240 --> 00:42:30,840
Thus, in one hour, eight minutes,
544
00:42:31,600 --> 00:42:34,360
he has reduced
the flower of the Highland clans
545
00:42:34,640 --> 00:42:37,040
to twitching, limbless corpses.
546
00:42:53,840 --> 00:42:57,160
2:30 pm and His Royal Highness,
the Duke of Cumberland,
547
00:42:57,280 --> 00:43:01,200
orders rum and brandy, cheese
and biscuits for his “brave boys.“
548
00:43:04,520 --> 00:43:07,240
For the wounded and dying clansmen
on the moor,
549
00:43:07,360 --> 00:43:09,320
there is to be different treatment.
550
00:43:27,160 --> 00:43:31,080
All over the battlefield, whilst the
Duke of Cumberland eats his lunch,
551
00:43:31,200 --> 00:43:33,640
any clansmen seen to be still alive
552
00:43:33,760 --> 00:43:36,920
is either slit in the throat,
pistolled through the head
553
00:43:37,040 --> 00:43:41,000
or bayonetted and trampled on
until, in the words of an eyewitness,
554
00:43:41,080 --> 00:43:43,320
"the moor was covered with blood"
555
00:43:43,440 --> 00:43:46,360
"and our British soldiers
looked less like Christian men"
556
00:43:46,480 --> 00:43:47,600
"than so many butchers."
557
00:43:47,720 --> 00:43:49,600
What about some grub?
558
00:43:52,080 --> 00:43:55,560
This rebel host has been
most deeply indebted to the public
559
00:43:55,720 --> 00:43:58,680
for all the rapine,
murder and cruelty
560
00:43:58,800 --> 00:44:02,880
and our men are heartily determined
to give them receipt in full.
561
00:44:04,720 --> 00:44:05,560
Cut him!
562
00:44:07,000 --> 00:44:10,200
Cut him, you bastard!
Take him to the shoulder!
563
00:44:23,720 --> 00:44:26,520
I'm letting my regiments of horse
loose after the battle
564
00:44:26,640 --> 00:44:29,200
in order they may have some sweets
with all their fatigue.
565
00:44:46,120 --> 00:44:49,040
Thus nearly 100 people
are to be butchered or maimed
566
00:44:49,200 --> 00:44:51,080
on the road to Inverness.
567
00:44:53,400 --> 00:44:57,560
Butchered whether or not
they took any part in the battle.
568
00:45:01,640 --> 00:45:03,640
They took my baby.
569
00:45:04,560 --> 00:45:06,840
He's only two weeks old.
570
00:45:09,040 --> 00:45:13,960
And one of them
whirled him around by his leg...
571
00:45:15,120 --> 00:45:17,120
and threw him on to the ground.
572
00:45:18,040 --> 00:45:21,240
This is Jean Clark, aged 28.
573
00:45:21,560 --> 00:45:23,960
Cut about the face and body
by sabres,
574
00:45:24,160 --> 00:45:27,600
she was left lying for dead
on the road to Inverness.
575
00:45:30,160 --> 00:45:32,920
The soldiers came in and caught him,
and Daddy too
576
00:45:33,120 --> 00:45:35,680
but I got away
through a hole in the wall.
577
00:45:35,840 --> 00:45:38,960
- How old was your brother?
- Lachlan was nine.
578
00:45:40,040 --> 00:45:43,320
I don't... I don't know
where he and Daddy are now.
579
00:45:46,920 --> 00:45:47,920
Come on, you!
580
00:45:48,040 --> 00:45:50,480
4 pm. Inverness.
581
00:45:54,520 --> 00:45:57,520
James Rae: trooper,
Kingston's Light Horse,
582
00:45:57,960 --> 00:46:01,240
the first man of Cumberland': army
to enter the Highland capital,
583
00:46:01,400 --> 00:46:03,440
the first man to show its inhabitants
584
00:46:03,600 --> 00:46:05,600
what is to be expected
from an Englishman
585
00:46:05,720 --> 00:46:09,160
protecting his liberty
and his Protestant religion.
586
00:46:30,200 --> 00:46:33,400
There was these two men,
shouting and screaming.
587
00:46:34,320 --> 00:46:39,680
And then he came out
and there was blood on his hands.
588
00:46:41,520 --> 00:46:44,120
These troopers from the Duke
of Kingston's Light Horse Regiment
589
00:46:44,240 --> 00:46:45,800
are later to be commended
by Cumberland
590
00:46:45,960 --> 00:46:48,120
for their "zeal in the pursuit."
591
00:46:48,240 --> 00:46:50,160
Each of them comes from Nottingham.
592
00:46:50,280 --> 00:46:52,840
Each of them by trade is a butcher.
593
00:46:54,160 --> 00:46:57,520
James Rae himself, who, like the other
troopers of Kingston's Light Horse,
594
00:46:57,640 --> 00:47:00,320
played his pan in the battle
when it was over,
595
00:47:00,440 --> 00:47:01,920
is later to return to Nottingham,
596
00:47:02,040 --> 00:47:04,120
where his regimental colours
are to be laid to rest
597
00:47:04,240 --> 00:47:06,600
with great pomp and ceremony.
598
00:47:07,280 --> 00:47:09,600
"To the perpetual fame
and immortal memory
599
00:47:09,720 --> 00:47:11,920
"of the Duke of Kingston's
Light Horse,
600
00:47:12,000 --> 00:47:16,040
"where, amongst others,
on the 16th day of April 1746,
601
00:47:16,640 --> 00:47:18,960
"they performed
many and glorious exploits
602
00:47:19,080 --> 00:47:22,840
"in routing and entirely subduing
the perfidious rebels.“".
603
00:47:25,200 --> 00:47:27,760
"Long may
the county of Nottingham flourish."
604
00:47:28,200 --> 00:47:31,280
"God save our ever august King."
605
00:47:36,160 --> 00:47:39,360
April 16th. 10:30 pm. Inverness.
606
00:47:40,160 --> 00:47:42,360
For William Augustus,
Duke of Cumberland,
607
00:47:42,560 --> 00:47:44,480
third son of King George ll,
608
00:47:44,600 --> 00:47:47,640
an evening of immense
satisfaction and triumph.
609
00:47:47,760 --> 00:47:50,920
At the age of 25,
he has saved his father's kingdom
610
00:47:51,040 --> 00:47:54,080
and redeemed the reputation
of the British army.
611
00:47:54,160 --> 00:47:57,760
At his table, older officers drink
his toast and declare him to be
612
00:47:58,000 --> 00:48:00,760
one of the greatest English captains
since Marlborough.
613
00:48:00,880 --> 00:48:05,400
His cousin Charles, until today the
heroic leader of an armed rebellion,
614
00:48:05,640 --> 00:48:08,120
is now a fugitive in the heather.
615
00:48:11,360 --> 00:48:14,760
If further proof were needed
of this young man's prowess,
616
00:48:15,640 --> 00:48:17,000
it is here,
617
00:48:17,240 --> 00:48:21,520
unheeded by him,
four and a half miles away.
618
00:48:26,040 --> 00:48:29,480
This is Lachlan MacDonald
of Lochaber,
619
00:48:30,080 --> 00:48:32,920
right leg severed
below the knee joint.
620
00:48:34,040 --> 00:48:38,640
He's been lying on the moor
untended for 13 hours.
621
00:48:39,600 --> 00:48:42,480
For most of the time,
it has been raining.
622
00:48:48,880 --> 00:48:51,680
This is Mrs Anne Hossack
of Inverness.
623
00:48:51,960 --> 00:48:55,120
Somewhere on the moor,
amidst 1,200 dead and dying,
624
00:48:55,360 --> 00:48:57,280
is her husband.
625
00:48:58,000 --> 00:48:59,600
I don't know...
626
00:49:01,840 --> 00:49:03,440
where he is.
627
00:49:14,680 --> 00:49:18,000
For Alexander Laing, private,
Barrell's Fourth Regiment of Foot,
628
00:49:18,160 --> 00:49:21,200
this evening is also
one of immense satisfaction.
629
00:49:21,440 --> 00:49:24,800
His regiment has acquitted itself
with honour on the field of battle.
630
00:49:25,080 --> 00:49:28,080
He himself has despatched
three of the rebels
631
00:49:28,240 --> 00:49:32,280
and, above all, he himself
has escaped death and maiming.
632
00:49:34,640 --> 00:49:35,600
Lucky bastard!
633
00:49:35,720 --> 00:49:39,120
Battalion will take care
while the casualty lists are read.
634
00:49:41,320 --> 00:49:43,440
It's all right for you, my lord!
635
00:49:44,520 --> 00:49:46,560
This is Mrs Anne Walker,
636
00:49:46,920 --> 00:49:50,600
wife of Private Andrew Walker, who
was wounded in the ranks of Barrell's
637
00:49:50,720 --> 00:49:52,880
and taken to the surgeons' lines.
638
00:49:53,280 --> 00:49:58,080
This woman, also, has no idea
whether her husband is alive or dead.
639
00:50:01,880 --> 00:50:05,680
It is given out this morning
of Thursday 17th April
640
00:50:05,800 --> 00:50:08,240
that the following officers
and other ranks
641
00:50:08,400 --> 00:50:11,440
of Major General William Barrell's
Regiment of Foot
642
00:50:11,520 --> 00:50:15,200
were either killed
or have since died from wounds
643
00:50:15,320 --> 00:50:16,840
resulting from the glorious victory
644
00:50:16,960 --> 00:50:20,120
inflicted yesterday
over the rebel army.
645
00:50:20,240 --> 00:50:23,440
Killed: Captain Lord Robert Kerr.
646
00:50:23,560 --> 00:50:26,160
Other ranks: Sergeant Pullman,
647
00:50:26,480 --> 00:50:30,280
Privates Baker, Barstow, Dyke,
Finch, Lowell,
648
00:50:30,400 --> 00:50:33,680
Lawson, Meecham, Napper, Osbourne,
649
00:50:33,880 --> 00:50:35,360
Smart, Williamson.
650
00:50:35,920 --> 00:50:38,720
Wounded and since died
in the surgeons' lines:
651
00:50:38,840 --> 00:50:40,280
Corporal Lockhart,
652
00:50:40,400 --> 00:50:43,600
Privates Davis, Pollock and Walker.
653
00:50:44,600 --> 00:50:46,520
Battalion, take care.
654
00:50:47,040 --> 00:50:50,000
Battalion will dismiss,
save for the duty picket.
655
00:50:50,320 --> 00:50:52,360
Battalion, dismiss.
656
00:50:55,560 --> 00:50:58,640
You treated Private Walker
a short while ago, Doctor?
657
00:50:58,760 --> 00:51:00,840
Yes... Yes, I did.
658
00:51:00,960 --> 00:51:02,720
What did he die of?
659
00:51:02,960 --> 00:51:05,840
This one? He died of shock,
if I remember correctly.
660
00:51:06,040 --> 00:51:07,240
Why was that?
661
00:51:07,400 --> 00:51:09,960
He was an amputee.
I had to take his arm off.
662
00:51:13,200 --> 00:51:17,240
Do you know what...
what is our young Billy's pleasure
663
00:51:17,520 --> 00:51:21,040
because we fought
with such gallantry?
664
00:51:21,720 --> 00:51:25,400
His Royal Highness thanks
all ye officers and men
665
00:51:25,520 --> 00:51:27,080
for their gallant behaviour.
666
00:51:27,240 --> 00:51:29,080
Get out of it! Leave off!
667
00:51:29,440 --> 00:51:33,040
His Royal Highness releases
all ye military prisoners
668
00:51:33,600 --> 00:51:37,040
who were this day
in custody of the provost.
669
00:51:37,360 --> 00:51:40,880
- Have you heard about the wounded?
- Well, yeh, some talk about it.
670
00:51:40,960 --> 00:51:44,680
They're gonna pay 12 guineas
out of the Duke's own purse
671
00:51:44,880 --> 00:51:47,320
for all those wounded in the battle.
672
00:51:51,600 --> 00:51:53,440
For Lachlan MacDonald,
673
00:51:53,760 --> 00:51:57,760
who's been now lying on the moor
two days with a severed right leg,
674
00:51:58,320 --> 00:52:00,120
there'll be no 12 guineas.
675
00:52:06,800 --> 00:52:10,360
Orders for Friday 18th April 1746.
676
00:52:11,120 --> 00:52:13,440
"A captain and 40 foot
to march directly"
677
00:52:13,560 --> 00:52:14,760
"and visit all the cottages"
678
00:52:14,840 --> 00:52:17,320
"in the neighbourhood
of the field of battle."
679
00:52:17,480 --> 00:52:19,840
"The officers and men
will take notice"
680
00:52:19,960 --> 00:52:23,560
"that the public order of the rebels
on the day of battle"
681
00:52:23,760 --> 00:52:25,800
"was to give us no quarter."
682
00:52:29,200 --> 00:52:30,800
Line up the bodies, men.
683
00:52:35,120 --> 00:52:36,640
Come on, quick as you can.
684
00:52:39,320 --> 00:52:41,320
There's another one over there.
685
00:52:47,160 --> 00:52:50,520
The public orders of the rebels
to give no mercy to the royal army
686
00:52:50,720 --> 00:52:53,560
do not exist in any other form
than a crude forgery
687
00:52:53,680 --> 00:52:56,560
alleged to have been found
on the field of battle.
688
00:52:57,080 --> 00:52:59,880
All right, lad.
We're only taking you to hospital.
689
00:53:00,140 --> 00:53:03,420
Bu! Whether he knows this
public order is a forgery or not,
690
00:53:03,540 --> 00:53:08,820
Cumberland makes it his excuse
to authorize what now happens.
691
00:53:11,820 --> 00:53:15,260
Battalion, present your firelock...
692
00:53:18,660 --> 00:53:20,980
at the man in front of you.
693
00:53:21,620 --> 00:53:22,820
Fire!
694
00:53:23,620 --> 00:53:26,220
The officer in charge
of this execution squad
695
00:53:26,340 --> 00:53:28,300
is himself a Scotsman.
696
00:53:28,580 --> 00:53:32,300
Captain Scott, are many of the rebels
being killed in this fashion?
697
00:53:32,460 --> 00:53:33,860
As many as we can find.
698
00:53:34,380 --> 00:53:37,020
I don't know how many men
have been killed in this fashion.
699
00:53:37,220 --> 00:53:38,620
I fear to think.
700
00:53:39,220 --> 00:53:42,300
But just this morning I heard
a Campbell officer saying that,
701
00:53:42,500 --> 00:53:46,260
in just one area, he himself
saw 72 wounded rebels
702
00:53:46,420 --> 00:53:48,100
shot or clubbed on the head.
703
00:53:48,820 --> 00:53:50,780
Yes, I saw what was done.
704
00:53:50,900 --> 00:53:52,100
Did you agree with it?
705
00:53:52,260 --> 00:53:54,060
No, of course I didn't.
706
00:53:54,180 --> 00:53:58,140
I will always thank God that I had
nothing to do with the black work.
707
00:53:58,860 --> 00:54:02,340
You must try to remember that
this is a most difficult problem.
708
00:54:02,900 --> 00:54:06,380
I have talked much with officers
from Lowland Scots regiments
709
00:54:06,660 --> 00:54:09,020
and they undoubtedly feel
that these Highlanders
710
00:54:09,140 --> 00:54:12,140
are threatening their culture,
their Protestant religion.
711
00:54:12,660 --> 00:54:16,260
They're threatening to disrupt
their peace and their commerce.
712
00:54:18,020 --> 00:54:21,300
There's a great feeling of insecurity
in the Lowlands.
713
00:54:21,460 --> 00:54:24,700
These people still remember
the Highland host.
714
00:54:24,820 --> 00:54:27,700
They still remember the years
of cattle thieves and murder,
715
00:54:27,980 --> 00:54:30,340
men coming down at night
from the hills
716
00:54:30,420 --> 00:54:34,060
and extorting blackmail
under pain of being robbed.
717
00:54:35,300 --> 00:54:38,300
You see, the Highlander
talks a different language.
718
00:54:38,580 --> 00:54:40,820
He wears different clothes...
719
00:54:41,580 --> 00:54:45,980
and he undoubtedly has
some uncouth and barbaric practices.
720
00:54:47,180 --> 00:54:48,820
For all these reasons,
721
00:54:49,340 --> 00:54:50,900
I think you'll find most Lowlanders
722
00:54:51,020 --> 00:54:53,420
hold the man
from this part of the country
723
00:54:53,540 --> 00:54:55,340
in contempt and hatred.
724
00:54:55,900 --> 00:54:57,940
Much more so
even than the English do.
725
00:54:58,340 --> 00:55:01,380
Why is your army treating the
prisoners and the wounded like this?
726
00:55:01,540 --> 00:55:04,700
Of yourself, it's been said you're
keeping the prisoners in Inverness
727
00:55:04,860 --> 00:55:06,900
without warmth, food and water.
728
00:55:07,020 --> 00:55:09,820
And that you're even withholding
medical dressings from them.
729
00:55:09,980 --> 00:55:12,100
Surely this is against
all bounds of humanity.
730
00:55:12,220 --> 00:55:15,420
Look, I think the point
somewhat eludes you.
731
00:55:15,860 --> 00:55:18,260
These men are rebels and barbarians
732
00:55:18,420 --> 00:55:22,740
and as such are to be rated as cattle
and treated as cattle.
733
00:55:24,060 --> 00:55:26,060
Get that thing
back out the way, please.
734
00:55:26,180 --> 00:55:28,540
For three days and nights
since the battle,
735
00:55:28,700 --> 00:55:31,660
these men, many of them
stripped of their clothes,
736
00:55:31,780 --> 00:55:34,300
many of them dying
from gaping wounds,
737
00:55:34,420 --> 00:55:36,980
have been lying in cold attics
and clamp cellars,
738
00:55:37,060 --> 00:55:40,820
awaiting removal to the prison ships
anchored in the firth.
739
00:55:41,100 --> 00:55:42,820
The British army authorities
740
00:55:42,940 --> 00:55:45,340
have withheld from them
even medical dressings,
741
00:55:45,460 --> 00:55:48,540
thus hoping to solve
the acute lack of prison space
742
00:55:48,660 --> 00:55:52,140
by ensuring
the mortality rate remains high.
743
00:55:52,620 --> 00:55:54,580
They get no food, no light,
744
00:55:55,140 --> 00:55:57,060
no medical dressing.
745
00:55:58,020 --> 00:55:59,540
Get their headgear
while you're about it.
746
00:55:59,780 --> 00:56:01,380
The belt here, too.
747
00:56:04,180 --> 00:56:06,860
The smell in here is terrible.
748
00:56:09,540 --> 00:56:12,500
This man next to me...
749
00:56:13,540 --> 00:56:15,660
I think he's dead.
750
00:56:17,820 --> 00:56:19,580
The way they are treating us,
751
00:56:19,780 --> 00:56:22,140
you'd think we were just animals.
752
00:56:24,460 --> 00:56:27,420
Robert MacLean, salmon fisher.
753
00:56:27,940 --> 00:56:31,260
To be tried without defence
at an English trial,
754
00:56:31,380 --> 00:56:35,140
of which he is able to understand
not a word spoken.
755
00:56:35,660 --> 00:56:38,380
His sentence, execution at York
756
00:56:38,587 --> 00:56:41,147
by being hanged, drawn and quartered.
757
00:56:41,380 --> 00:56:42,860
Check these shackles
while you're about it.
758
00:56:44,140 --> 00:56:46,900
Ranald MacDonald, farmer.
759
00:56:47,220 --> 00:56:50,580
To wait in prison 14 months
for a trial.
760
00:56:50,700 --> 00:56:54,580
Then sentenced at Brampton to be
pulled through its streets on a sled
761
00:56:55,020 --> 00:56:58,020
and hanged, drawn and quartered.
762
00:56:59,740 --> 00:57:03,180
Charles Edward Stuart, believing
the Scots to have betrayed him,
763
00:57:03,380 --> 00:57:05,300
refuses to listen
to last-minute pleas
764
00:57:05,420 --> 00:57:07,500
to stay and fight in the mountains.
765
00:57:07,620 --> 00:57:11,500
Curtly and without a word of thanks
he dismisses the Highland army.
766
00:57:11,660 --> 00:57:13,980
In his saddlebags
the last of the Jacobite funds,
767
00:57:14,100 --> 00:57:16,380
which he has now decided
to keep for himself,
768
00:57:16,500 --> 00:57:19,460
his need, he estimates,
being greater.
769
00:57:20,620 --> 00:57:22,660
Alistair John Stewart,
770
00:57:23,020 --> 00:57:27,220
to lie 10 days in prison, untended,
with a broken leg.
771
00:57:28,020 --> 00:57:30,780
To die on the 11th day of gangrene.
772
00:57:31,660 --> 00:57:34,780
John William O'Sullivan,
soon to be safely in Rome.
773
00:57:35,500 --> 00:57:38,180
To tell King James of the good part
he has played in the rising
774
00:57:38,900 --> 00:57:41,500
and to promptly receive
first a knighthood
775
00:57:41,620 --> 00:57:43,540
and then a baronetcy.
776
00:57:45,020 --> 00:57:48,860
Alexander Sutherland,
never brought to trial.
777
00:57:49,860 --> 00:57:51,540
Disposal unknown.
778
00:57:57,740 --> 00:57:59,260
Lord George Murray,
779
00:57:59,420 --> 00:58:02,460
who to the end blamed Prince Charles
and his Irish administration
780
00:58:02,580 --> 00:58:04,260
for the defeat at Culloden,
781
00:58:04,380 --> 00:58:09,260
is soon to leave Scotland forever,
forced to seek exile in Europe.
782
00:58:11,660 --> 00:58:15,140
Prince Charles refuses to see him
again and never forgives him,
783
00:58:15,300 --> 00:58:17,500
blaming his opposition
to his administration
784
00:58:17,580 --> 00:58:19,940
for the downfall
of the Stuart cause.
785
00:58:20,060 --> 00:58:22,340
Bad day for us all, this.
786
00:58:23,340 --> 00:58:26,380
Lord George Murray, estimated by some
787
00:58:26,500 --> 00:58:29,660
as one of the most brilliant generals
of the 18th century,
788
00:58:30,060 --> 00:58:32,340
who, if left to his own counsel,
789
00:58:32,420 --> 00:58:35,940
could perhaps
have turned Culloden into a victory.
790
00:58:38,780 --> 00:58:40,540
Keep in step, now!
791
00:58:43,660 --> 00:58:48,220
May 23rd. The British army moves
to Fort Augustus in the Great Glen.
792
00:58:48,380 --> 00:58:51,460
From here, the centre link
in a chain of forts and garrisons
793
00:58:51,580 --> 00:58:55,500
stretching from Inverness in the east
to Tobermory in the west,
794
00:58:55,620 --> 00:58:59,140
from Bernera in the north
to Dumbarton in the south,
795
00:58:59,260 --> 00:59:01,740
the Duke of Cumberland mounts
what he terms,
796
00:59:01,900 --> 00:59:04,860
"the pacification of the Highlands."
797
00:59:04,980 --> 00:59:06,940
Patrol of Bligh's,
798
00:59:07,580 --> 00:59:11,740
you will proceed on police action
to Lochaber,
799
00:59:12,140 --> 00:59:15,300
with sufficient rations for two days.
800
00:59:15,700 --> 00:59:19,260
All right, lads. Fall out
and pick up your firelocks.
801
00:59:19,980 --> 00:59:21,100
Move it!
802
00:59:25,540 --> 00:59:29,140
Lord Sackville, what is the function
of these patrols.
803
00:59:29,340 --> 00:59:33,180
Their function is to march
deep into the glens
804
00:59:33,300 --> 00:59:35,660
occupied by the rebels
and their families
805
00:59:35,780 --> 00:59:38,580
and there, by vigorous police action,
806
00:59:38,740 --> 00:59:43,180
ensure that never again will these
people disturb the peace of our land.
807
00:59:47,180 --> 00:59:50,460
May 30th. A military patrol
under Lord George Sackville
808
00:59:50,620 --> 00:59:53,020
strikes deep into a corrie
in Lochaber,
809
00:59:53,180 --> 00:59:55,340
searching for
fugitive rebel families.
810
00:59:56,380 --> 00:59:57,740
This is one of them,
811
00:59:58,180 --> 01:00:02,420
sheltering from the rain 1,500 feet
up the side of a hill face.
812
01:00:03,340 --> 01:00:06,260
Andrew McEachan, aged 25,
813
01:00:06,860 --> 01:00:10,300
who stood at Culloden,
and who now, because of the patrols,
814
01:00:10,580 --> 01:00:12,700
has to hide in the hills
like an animal.
815
01:00:15,220 --> 01:00:18,940
This is his wife, child
and a friend called Mrs MacInnis.
816
01:00:19,500 --> 01:00:23,420
They have each been out in the open
for the past eight days.
817
01:00:25,460 --> 01:00:27,860
This girl is suffering from
severe flux
818
01:00:27,980 --> 01:00:29,940
as a result of damp clothes.
819
01:00:33,540 --> 01:00:37,220
The last meal this baby ate
was a small fish caught yesterday
820
01:00:37,300 --> 01:00:39,300
and shared between the children.
821
01:00:41,740 --> 01:00:44,660
This little girl, forced
to leave her home suddenly,
822
01:00:45,100 --> 01:00:49,380
has only a thin dress,
a damp shawl and no shoes.
823
01:00:51,100 --> 01:00:53,500
At approximately 12 noon, May 30th,
824
01:00:53,580 --> 01:00:55,580
the family is sighted by the patrol.
825
01:00:56,140 --> 01:00:57,740
This is what happens.
826
01:01:04,380 --> 01:01:06,780
Right, then!
827
01:01:19,660 --> 01:01:21,580
NO! No!
828
01:01:41,340 --> 01:01:42,780
I dunno.
829
01:01:43,980 --> 01:01:45,500
All these officers keep telling us
830
01:01:45,620 --> 01:01:48,460
these people up here
are a load of savages, but...
831
01:01:49,100 --> 01:01:52,780
I dunno, they looked like ordinary
women and children up there to me.
832
01:01:53,900 --> 01:01:55,460
I didn't like it, what We did.
833
01:01:56,220 --> 01:01:58,380
I didn't like it at all.
834
01:02:00,660 --> 01:02:02,740
Look, let me tell you something.
835
01:02:03,340 --> 01:02:05,140
I had a mate at Falkirk.
836
01:02:05,460 --> 01:02:07,140
He had his head split open.
837
01:02:08,420 --> 01:02:09,860
Like that.
838
01:02:09,980 --> 01:02:12,700
So don't try and make me
go all weeping, like,
839
01:02:12,780 --> 01:02:15,340
over what happens
to these bastards. Eh?
840
01:02:15,580 --> 01:02:17,500
Just don't try it!
841
01:02:17,980 --> 01:02:20,820
Well satisfied with the result
of his military occupation,
842
01:02:20,940 --> 01:02:24,020
Cumberland is to leave
Scotland on July 18th.
843
01:02:24,140 --> 01:02:27,300
He leaves behind him, to finish
the destruction of the rebel clans,
844
01:02:27,420 --> 01:02:30,660
not only an immense concentration
of English and Lowland troops,
845
01:02:30,780 --> 01:02:33,460
not only the zealous help
of all the Whig clans,
846
01:02:33,620 --> 01:02:37,500
but even the help of the chief
of a rebel clan, Ludovick Grant,
847
01:02:37,740 --> 01:02:39,860
son of the Gram clan chief,
848
01:02:40,300 --> 01:02:42,740
who has hastily
reorganized his loyalties
849
01:02:43,100 --> 01:02:46,980
and just delivered 82 of his own
rebel clansmen to Cumberland
850
01:02:47,260 --> 01:02:49,780
for transportation to the Barbados,
851
01:02:50,300 --> 01:02:54,260
as proof of his unswerving allegiance
to the Crown.
852
01:02:55,420 --> 01:02:58,660
Cumberland himself is to receive
from London a tumultuous welcome.
853
01:02:58,860 --> 01:03:02,060
From the Government,
a raise in salary of £25,000.
854
01:03:02,180 --> 01:03:03,620
From George Frederick Handel
855
01:03:03,740 --> 01:03:06,900
a choral work,
See The Conquering Hero Comes.
856
01:03:07,140 --> 01:03:10,580
From the public,
his name for a flower, Sweet William.
857
01:03:11,060 --> 01:03:15,660
From the Scots,
his name for a weed, Stinking Billy.
858
01:03:20,380 --> 01:03:22,500
Month after month,
the British army patrols
859
01:03:22,620 --> 01:03:25,540
scour every hill range and glen
of northern Scotland
860
01:03:25,700 --> 01:03:28,300
in an attempt, as Cumberland puts it,
861
01:03:28,500 --> 01:03:32,740
"to wear down this generation
until there be peace in the land.“".
862
01:03:33,660 --> 01:03:36,940
The patrols leave behind them
a trail of brutality and suffering
863
01:03:37,140 --> 01:03:39,900
that is to earn for their commander
undying loathing
864
01:03:40,060 --> 01:03:42,980
and the epithet
Cumberland the Butcher.
865
01:03:43,060 --> 01:03:46,740
These three of his officers have
already burnt, smashed, raped,
866
01:03:46,900 --> 01:03:49,340
looted and bayonetted their way
from Glenurquhart to Moidart,
867
01:03:49,500 --> 01:03:51,420
committing,
in the name of pacification,
868
01:03:51,580 --> 01:03:54,740
the worst atrocities
in the history of the British army.
869
01:03:55,020 --> 01:03:58,340
Captain Caroline Frederick Scott,
Lowlander.
870
01:03:59,060 --> 01:04:01,380
I agree with
the senior staff officer,
871
01:04:01,500 --> 01:04:03,860
who has proposed that £5 be paid
872
01:04:03,980 --> 01:04:07,380
for the head of every rebel
brought to Fort Augustus.
873
01:04:07,460 --> 01:04:09,980
Major lain Lockhart, Lowlander.
874
01:04:10,540 --> 01:04:14,460
Those found in arms are ordered
to be immediately put to death
875
01:04:14,780 --> 01:04:18,340
and the houses of those who abscond
are plundered and burned,
876
01:04:18,540 --> 01:04:22,740
their cattle drove, their ploughs
and other tackle destroyed.
877
01:04:23,220 --> 01:04:27,460
Lord George Sackville, Englishman,
third son of the Duke of Dorset.
878
01:04:28,260 --> 01:04:31,660
We have detachments
in all parts of the Highlands.
879
01:04:32,020 --> 01:04:35,580
The people are deservedly
in a most deplorable way
880
01:04:35,980 --> 01:04:39,780
and must perish,
either by famine or by the sword.
881
01:04:40,660 --> 01:04:42,620
A just reward for traitors.
882
01:04:43,220 --> 01:04:46,820
We hang or shoot everyone that
is known to conceal the Pretender,
883
01:04:47,500 --> 01:04:50,820
burn their houses, take their cattle.
884
01:04:51,220 --> 01:04:53,620
The Pretender, Charles Edward Stuart,
885
01:04:53,980 --> 01:04:57,060
object of the largest single manhunt
in British history,
886
01:04:57,380 --> 01:04:59,700
now disguised
as an ordinary clansman,
887
01:04:59,980 --> 01:05:03,100
much addicted to the little bottle
he carries in his hip pocket,
888
01:05:03,500 --> 01:05:05,100
suffering from dysentery,
889
01:05:05,300 --> 01:05:07,020
is to spend the next five months
890
01:05:07,140 --> 01:05:10,100
scrambling amidst the rocks and hills
of the Western Highlands,
891
01:05:10,340 --> 01:05:13,980
sheltered by its people, who remain
loyal to him and never betray him,
892
01:05:14,620 --> 01:05:18,380
until, in September, he takes a ship
for France and security,
893
01:05:18,540 --> 01:05:20,580
leaving behind him nothing,
894
01:05:20,820 --> 01:05:22,780
nothing but a legend,
895
01:05:23,540 --> 01:05:25,140
"Bonnie Prince Charlie."
896
01:05:26,260 --> 01:05:32,700
My bonnie moorhen
My bonnie moorhen.
897
01:05:33,100 --> 01:05:36,980
Up in the grey hill
Down in the glen.
898
01:05:37,540 --> 01:05:41,540
Charles Edward Stuart,
the “bonnie moorhen, “
899
01:05:41,980 --> 01:05:46,140
is to walk out of the lives of the people
he has led into so much suffering
900
01:05:47,340 --> 01:05:50,740
with scarcely a backward look
in their direction.
901
01:05:58,140 --> 01:06:00,660
The year of the Prince had ended
902
01:06:00,900 --> 01:06:04,060
but for the English Government,
this was just the beginning.
903
01:06:04,500 --> 01:06:07,940
Systematically and with
clue parliamentary legislation,
904
01:06:08,020 --> 01:06:11,900
they proceeded to eliminate ail
the things that made this man unique
905
01:06:12,300 --> 01:06:14,900
and that gave him
the strength they so feared.
906
01:06:15,060 --> 01:06:17,980
They penalized the wearing
of his Highland dress,
907
01:06:18,580 --> 01:06:21,180
penalized the weaving
of his Highland tartan,
908
01:06:22,060 --> 01:06:24,620
penalized the worshipping
at his Church,
909
01:06:25,220 --> 01:06:27,540
penalized the carrying
of his weapons,
910
01:06:27,980 --> 01:06:29,900
penalized the playing of his music.
911
01:06:30,900 --> 01:06:33,100
They removed
the authority of his chief
912
01:06:33,220 --> 01:06:37,820
and, in one blow, smashed forever
the system of his clan.
913
01:06:38,180 --> 01:06:41,060
They then encouraged his chief
to lose interest in him,
914
01:06:41,620 --> 01:06:46,140
to evict him and to replace him
by the more profitable sheep.
915
01:06:46,740 --> 01:06:50,780
Thus they reduced him
to a homeless, unwanted oddity
916
01:06:51,300 --> 01:06:53,820
and finally forced him,
in his hundreds of thousands,
917
01:06:53,940 --> 01:06:55,980
to leave the land of his birth
918
01:06:56,100 --> 01:06:58,900
for the canning industries
of the North,
919
01:06:59,020 --> 01:07:01,860
for the disease-ridden slums
of the South,
920
01:07:02,300 --> 01:07:04,340
for the lumber camps of Canada
921
01:07:04,540 --> 01:07:06,700
and the stockyards of Australia.
922
01:07:07,180 --> 01:07:08,700
And wherever he went,
923
01:07:08,900 --> 01:07:11,900
he took with him
his music, his poetry,
924
01:07:12,380 --> 01:07:15,180
his language and his children.
925
01:07:17,260 --> 01:07:18,980
"On an April morning.
926
01:07:19,180 --> 01:07:21,340
"I no longer hear birdsongs
927
01:07:21,620 --> 01:07:23,780
"or the lowing of cattle on the moor.
928
01:07:24,900 --> 01:07:28,260
"I hear the noise of sheep
and the English language,
929
01:07:28,860 --> 01:07:31,740
"dogs barking
and frightening the deer.“".
930
01:07:33,940 --> 01:07:36,540
Thus, within a century from Culloden,
931
01:07:37,260 --> 01:07:39,300
the English
and the Scottish Lowlanders
932
01:07:39,420 --> 01:07:41,340
had made secure forever
933
01:07:41,540 --> 01:07:44,060
their religion, their commerce,
934
01:07:44,340 --> 01:07:46,980
their culture, their ruling dynasty
935
01:07:47,860 --> 01:07:52,060
and, in so doing,
had destroyed a race of people.
936
01:07:54,740 --> 01:07:56,580
They have created a desert
937
01:07:57,460 --> 01:08:00,220
and have called it "peace."
80362
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