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HEMSWORTH (off-screen): There's
nothing quite like the ocean

at first light.

It's a special place.

But you're always aware
there may be bigger creatures

out there than you.

HEMSWORTH: I've spent a
big part of my life in
and around the ocean,

but I've never seen a
shark when I've been surfing.

I've been called out of the
water by the helicopters,

the shark spotters
a couple of times.

Been in the water
when other people have said

they've seen the shark.

But you definitely
feel their presence.

I've had a couple of
spooky moments where I'm

pretty certain that
there was something

swimming underneath me.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): For me,
sharks are some of the planet's
most elegant and

magnificent creatures.

Unfortunately when we
humans enter the water,

they can present
unique dangers.

In Australia, where I live,

we've just had the worst
spate of fatal shark

encounters in a century.

REPORTER (over TV):
The community is on
edge this morning,

after a man was killed
by a great white shark...

REPORTER 2 (over TV):
A boy, just 15, dead
after a shark attack...

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): As
someone who loves sharks,

and being in the water,

I want to get beneath
that reputation.

See what makes these
creatures tick,

and maybe even
meet one in person.

I want to find out if
we can live together,

without doing each other harm.

DIRECTOR (off-screen):
So if someone says the
word sharks to you Chris...

HEMSWORTH: Yeah.

DIRECTOR (off-screen):
What comes to mind?

HEMSWORTH: I have a very
mixed kind of gut reaction

to sharks these days, you know.

Obviously I grew up
watching Jaws and plenty
of films like that,

that scare the hell out
of you, and you know,

make you think twice
about getting in the ocean.

But we need to figure
out a way to work and

live in harmony
with them, so you know,

we're protected
but also so are they.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Growing up in paradise,

you learn about the beauty
and importance of the natural

world pretty early on.

That's me, with my mum,
dad and big brother.

I was always encouraged
to appreciate the

wilderness around me.

It means generally
I don't think twice about

getting in the water.

No matter what might
be lurking out there.

Where, are you
thinking, here or...

MICK: I'm thinking here,
down this way.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): My
mate Mick Fanning shares a
similar love of the ocean,

despite some troubling
first-hand experience.

MICK: I don't know.
HEMSWORTH: Yeah.

MICK: We'll figure it
out once we get out there.

HEMSWORTH: Any sharks?
MICK: Probably.

Yeah, we're in an area
that is known for sharks.

HEMSWORTH: Yeah.

MICK: Been a bit more
activity around lately.

HEMSWORTH:
There has, hasn't there?

MICK: Maybe we'll go and
do it before they show up.

HEMSWORTH: That's right.
Shall we get out there?

MICK: Yeah, let's go do it.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): Now
I'm competitive by nature,

so I love to think I
can keep up with Mick.

Just one problem.

He's a three time
world champion.

MICK: Is it like a real heat?

HEMSWORTH:
This is the world title.

MICK: Awesome.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): Maybe
intimidation is my best bet.

HEMSWORTH: We're friends now,
but once we hit the water,
we're enemies.

MICK: You're not
riding that, are you?

HEMSWORTH: I am.
Are you riding that?

(laughter).

HEMSWORTH: I hope
you fall off.

(laughter).

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Nope, that didn't work.

Maybe it's time to take
up a different sport.

Bowling, cricket, tennis...

I think it's fair to say
I'm obsessed with surfing.

I have been since the first
time I tried it with my dad

and my brothers when
I was six years old.

You get so wrapped up in the
waves, it's easy to forget,

we're really just visitors.

Below us, a whole
other world...

Where sharks have been
feeding for hundreds of

millions of years.

And it's here our
paths sometimes cross.

HEMSWORTH: You've
probably talked about
this about 500 times

since it happened...

MICK: A few.

HEMSWORTH: A few times.

Do you want to
walk us through it?

MICK: It was a beautiful day.

It was extremely sunny,
water was picture perfect clear.

And you know, we're in the
middle of a surfing event.

You know, we had just started
the final with Julian Wilson.

MAN (over TV): Beautiful carve
to start from Wilson.

MICK: And I'd been sitting
there for probably like four

or five minutes.

And I was just about to move
and then I just heard this

splash behind me, and
I was like, oh no.

And I try and jump on my
board and then all of a sudden,

I just get hit from this side.

I just caught the tail
straight to the face.

And I'm just like,
I'm out of here.

It was...

But then I was like, hang
on, if I just keep swimming,

this thing could just
come and take my legs,

so I was just trying to
get myself up as high as I

possibly could to see
if it was coming up.

HEMSWORTH: Oh wow.

MICK: And luckily it didn't.

HEMSWORTH:
What kind of shark was it?

MICK: It was a great white.
HEMSWORTH: A great white?

MICK: Yeah.

HEMSWORTH: How long before
the jet ski picked you up?

MICK: Oh it would have been
probably like maybe 30 seconds.

HEMSWORTH: Oh, that's the
longest 30 seconds of your life.

MICK: Yeah.

HEMSWORTH:
After that happened,

did you find you have
more trepidation,

hesitation getting
in the water.

MICK: Definitely things
have changed now.

Like, I see everything
on the water now.

And I'm still scared of
hearing splashes behind me.

It just, I jump.

And even if the waves
are incredibly perfect,

if I just don't feel right,
I just go in these days.

HEMSWORTH: Yeah, yeah.

MICK: It's just,
you know, just...

It's not worth the risk.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Mick was extremely lucky,

because encounters like
these can turn deadly.

Sharks can bite with
such power and speed,

even if they don't
intend to kill,

the outcome can
be catastrophic.

REPORTER (over TV):
Good evening, a surfer
has been mauled and his

board obliterated by a
five meter great white shark,

a predator that
came out of nowhere.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
In 2020 Australia suffered
a record eight fatal

shark encounters, over
half along the east coast,

where I live.

REPORTER (over TV):
The hunt is on for the
great white shark that

killed a 46 year old surfer
at Greenmount Beach at

Coolangatta on the Gold Coast.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): Every
loss of life, devastating.

REPORTER (over TV):
A loving father,
husband and keen fisherman,

mauled by a shark
off Fraser Island.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
With huge repercussions
in these coastal communities.

REPORTER (over radio): It's
the second fatal shark attack

in the state's north in
just over a month.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Despite these tragedies,

it remains highly unlikely
that any of us in Australia

will be bitten by a shark.

But it does seem that
human encounters with

them are increasing.

So what exactly is happening
out there in our oceans that

can explain this?

PAUL: So if we're starting here
on the top end of Queensland,

come down the
east coast of Australia...

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): Paul
Butcher is one of Australia's
top shark scientists.

He's spent the last 20 years
researching their changing

behavior and movements.

PAUL: For white sharks,
the migration route is as

a group during April,
May, up the east coast,

and we've got a location
here called Fraser Island.

Once you get to October,
November, December,

they're turning around and
coming back down to Victorian

and Tasmanian waters.

The big thing is we've got
this very heavy populated

coast line through here, so
we've got large numbers of

people now using the
east coast of Australia,

warm water, beautiful
conditions, great waves.

HEMSWORTH: So it's
just that there's more
people in the water.

PAUL: More people, but we're
definitely seeing more sharks

up against the coastline.

HEMSWORTH: So why do
you think they're coming

closer to shore?

Is that the water
temperatures?

PAUL: So we've got this warm
current that comes down along

the east Australian coast.

That nearly runs the entire
year now, where previously,

over decades and decades,

it just runs during
summer and spring.

HEMSWORTH: And it
runs the entire year,

you think because of...

PAUL: Global warming.

So we've now got those
warm temperatures,

we're starting to see more
animals along the coastline,

which is an increase
in sharks as well.

So it's inevitable that we're
going to see white sharks and

other sharks interacting with
human users in the water.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
It now seems like our
altering of the climate

might be drawing an
increasing number of sharks

closer to shore.

Our world, it seems, is
having a big impact on theirs.

The best way to
really get a handle on

what's going on down there...

HEMSWORTH (over radio): Oh wow.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Is to take a dip and
see it for yourself.

HEMSWORTH: So we're about to
go and see the legendary shark

conservationist
Valerie Taylor,

and we're going to go diving,

hopefully see some sharks,

hopefully some
friendly sharks.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): Valerie
Taylor started her career as a
champion spear fisher.

But she soon fell in
love with the ocean,

and dedicated her
life to conservation.

She swapped her
spear for a camera,

and started making
marine documentaries with

her husband Ron.

VALERIE (off-screen): Great
whites are most dangerous,

when they feel
themselves to be trapped.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): They
specialized in filming sharks
in their natural habitat.

VALERIE (off-screen): It was
an extremely risky method of
filming these big predators.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
And even helped shoot the
Hollywood blockbuster

Jaws.

I grew up watching
Valerie's shows, and at 85,

she still cares deeply about
the health of our oceans.

Hey Valerie.

VALERIE: G'day Chris.

HEMSWORTH: Good to see you.
How's it going?

VALERIE: Fine.
HEMSWORTH: Great.

So what's the plan today?

VALERIE: We're going out to
Fish Rock, and if we're lucky,

we'll see grey nurse sharks.

HEMSWORTH: Fantastic.

So what's the temperament
of a grey nurse shark?

VALERIE: It's a very
easygoing shark.

HEMSWORTH: Easygoing, yeah.

VALERIE: Yeah.
They will come close.

HEMSWORTH: Great.

VALERIE: Don't make
sharp movements, you know,

like this.

Don't do that.

They'll thump your
tail, you'll hear it.

HEMSWORTH: Yeah, right.

VALERIE: And they go away,
it means they're cross.

HEMSWORTH: Okay.

VALERIE: But you're
not going to do that.

HEMSWORTH:
We're not going to do that.

Okay. Great.

VALERIE: Well let's go.
HEMSWORTH: Let's go.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Fish Rock, off the coast
of New South Wales,

is a very special
place for Val,

and the story of
shark conservation.

And today is going to
be her first visit back in

over a decade.

VALERIE: You look like
you're in the tropics.

I look like I'm in Antarctica.

(laughter).

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): 50 years
ago it was thought that grey
nurse sharks were killers,

so they were culled,

and almost became
extinct in Australia.

But Val started campaigning,
and thanks to her efforts,

the grey nurse was the first
species of shark in the world

to gain protection.

I don't think there's anyone
out there who knows these

creatures better than Val.

VALERIE: Sharks are the
garbage men of the sea.

They eat the old, the
sick and the unwary.

They don't eat people.

They bite them.

HEMSWORTH: And spit them out.

VALERIE: Spit them out.

Wrong thing, made a mistake.

They don't have hands,
they can't go and say, ooh...

Oh nice.

(laughter).

VALERIE: They bite and they
have to feel with their teeth.

You know, if I bit
you, no, not me, if a shark

HEMSWORTH: You can
bite me, it's alright.

VALERIE:
Bit you with its teeth,

your first instinct
would be to pull away,

but if you stay still,
they'll let go.

But nobody can stay still.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): Now I'm
a total diving novice...

HEMSWORTH: Should I be nervous?

(laughter).

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): But
I reckon I'm in safe hands.

Val's completed over 5,000
dives in the last 60 years,

and knows this place like
the back of her hand.

VALERIE (over radio):
It's a bit murky down here.

Chris, are you okay?

HEMSWORTH (over radio):
Yep, all good.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Although 40 feet underwater,
looking for giant sharks,

I do wish I could
see a bit further.

Val says the grey nurses
we're hoping to see can grow

up to 12 feet long,

and live for up to 40 years.

VALERIE (over radio):
Oh, look, look.

HEMSWORTH (over radio): Oh wow.

VALERIE (over radio):
That's a big female.

HEMSWORTH (over radio):
Incredible.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Coming face to face with them,

it's hard to put into
words the serene beauty

of these magnificent
creatures.

Up close you see the grey
nurse's jaws are filled with

over 100 needle-sharp teeth.

HEMSWORTH (over radio):
Just amazing.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
But luckily, they only
eat small fish and

crustaceans from the sea floor.

It's such a privilege
seeing these massive

creatures up close.

Being under the waves,

rather than surfing
on top really does give
you a new perspective.

VALERIE: How was it?

HEMSWORTH: It's amazing.

Well, it was amazing for me.

I saw one and then it kind
of swam off pretty quick,

and we swam in a different
direction and there were,

I don't know, three or
four, or five, but...

VALERIE: One of them was huge.

HEMSWORTH: One really
big one, yeah, yeah.

VALERIE: Yeah, biggest grey
nurse I've ever seen actually.

HEMSWORTH: That
was the biggest grey
nurse shark you've seen?

VALERIE: Ever.
HEMSWORTH: Oh wow.

The big female?

VALERIE: I think it might
have been a female actually,

because usually
you can see the...

male parts.

How do you say
that on television?

HEMSWORTH: The male parts,
that'll do.

Bits and pieces.

VALERIE:
Oh God Valerie, shut up.

(laughter).

VALERIE: I'm glad
you saw them.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): It's
believed there are now only
2,000 grey nurse sharks left in

the whole
of eastern Australia...

making this, a pretty
special encounter.

HEMSWORTH: So that was, you
know, beyond my expectation.

You definitely feel like this
is their space and their home,

and you are a guest.

It's certainly not something
that you're in control of,

nor an environment that
you're able to manipulate,

you know, take power over.

You, you feel completely at
the mercy of what's around you

with those creatures
and that situation,

but at peace too
at the same time.

I had no idea that I would
feel that way and have even

more respect for the ocean
and its beautiful creatures

that we need to protect.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): Like so
many other species of shark,

the grey nurses
have been pushed to the

brink of extinction.

The question is,

what can we do to turn
this huge problem around?

And critically,
for us ocean lovers,

are there ways we can protect
humans without harming sharks?

HEMSWORTH: Here sharky-sharky-
sharky sharky-sharky.

♪ ♪

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): Sharks
are always on the move.

Their predatory instincts
often draw them to the

coastline to feed on
fish and marine life...

making encounters
with us more likely.

So for many years,

some authorities have
set nets to capture sharks,

to stop them reaching
popular beaches.

But they've had
devastating consequences.

Conservationist Val Taylor
has seen the terrible impact

of shark nets first hand.

VALERIE: Although
they do protect the
beach to a certain extent,

what I dislike about them,

well I really loathe
about them, is they bycatch.

HEMSWORTH: Yeah.

VALARIE: All that harmless,
beautiful marine life that
is killed.

HEMSWORTH: So these
are some videos of animals

being caught in the nets.

VALERIE: Look at that,
oh it's so sad, so sad.

HEMSWORTH: So sad, isn't it?

VALERIE: Look, it's alive.

HEMSWORTH:
Yeah, isn't that awful?

VALERIE: It catches
a lot of turtles.

HEMSWORTH: Yeah.
Wow, that's awful.

VALERIE: Yeah, all sorts
of creatures in there.

HEMSWORTH: Yeah.

So these animals,
they get caught,
and then they die, right?

VALERIE: With sharks, they
have to keep moving to aerate.

They actually take oxygen
out of the ocean water.

And when they're trapped
like that they can't do it.

Ron and I made ourselves very
unpopular in our day because

we'd go out and cut
the living animals out.

HEMSWORTH: And free them.
VALERIE: And free them.

I had a very good
pair of scissors.

It's easier with the
scissors than with a knife.

And I'd just cut them
out and free them.

I've only ever seen
one really dangerous
shark caught in the net,

because they can swim
under them and around them.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
The impact of these nets
really is heartbreaking,

and as Val points out,

sharks can often swim
around them anyway.

Thankfully, less
damaging solutions are
now starting to be used.

To find out more,
I'm going back to shark expert

Dr Paul Butcher.

HEMSWORTH: Hi boys.

PAUL: Hi Chris,
welcome on board.

HEMSWORTH: Thank you.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Together with his team,
he wants to show me a new

technique they're using to
keep sharks and humans apart.

HAYDEN: Everyone holding on?

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Alongside nets, parts of
Australia have used

traps known as drumlines
to control sharks.

Their fixed, baited
hooks catch the animals,

which are then
simply left to die.

But Paul's team is
pioneering a new technology,

the smart drumline.

So when you say
the smart drumlines versus
the previous drumlines,

were the previous drumlines
just set up to catch them?

PAUL: Yeah, they were
designed to catch and kill.

They set them the day before,
check them the next day,

so the sharks are always dead.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Over the last 50 years,

this method has killed
over 20,000 sharks

in Australian waters.

PAUL: So we're just
approaching the first line.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
The smart drumline
program is different.

PAUL: Do you want
to cut a bait?

HEMSWORTH: Yeah, sure.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): It's
designed to catch sharks but
then tag and release them,

unharmed,
back to the wild.

PAUL: Nice.

This is what we
call the smart unit.

When a shark takes the bait,
it triggers this magnet here,

within 30 seconds it's
sending a signal to satellite,

and then we get a
message on our phones.

We get to those sharks as
quickly as we can, then tag,

release and let
that animal go.

Then we can just...

HEMSWORTH:
Launch the old fish.

PAUL: Go for it.

HEMSWORTH: Boom.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Conservation like this
requires a strong stomach,

which I may not have.

HEMSWORTH: Oh, my
hands smell good.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
But it's essential work.

The tags Paul and his team
attach not only monitor

sharks' movements,
they're also connected to
a coastal alarm system.

That means surfers and
swimmers can be quickly

alerted to any danger.

PAUL: We set them just
far enough offshore,

which is 500 meters out,

which is pretty much just
behind the beach break,

where we know the sharks
are travelling up and down.

HEMSWORTH: So the smart
drumline actually acts as

protection for the surfers.

PAUL: Yeah, our surfers and
water uses know where they are,

and if they're
in each day as well.

HEMSWORTH: Launch this out.
PAUL: Yeah.

(whistles)

HEMSWORTH: Here,
sharky-sharky-sharky
sharky-sharky.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
But as is often the case
with marine research,

it's all a bit of
a waiting game.

Hopefully we'll catch
one before I throw up.

HEMSWORTH: Feeling good.

A little seasick and
queasy for a minute there,

but job done.

What did we get,
23, 24 buoys in?

I feel confident, you know,
that we've dropped enough

drums in the water so
we'll be able to catch one

and tag one and...

fingers crossed.

Thanks boys.

I got the shark
alert on my phone.

So looking forward
to getting a shark and we'll

tag it and do our thing.

PAUL: Make sure
that phone's on.

HEMSWORTH: I will.
Thanks a lot.

PAUL: See you mate.

HEMSWORTH: See you guys.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): The use
of technology is encouraging.

But could there be other
more traditional ways
to live with sharks?

NICKOLLA: It's their domain,
it's their home.

They've always been there.

HEMSWORTH: I couldn't
agree with you more.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): While
I'm waiting for an alert,

I want to find out
if there are simpler ways of

coexisting with sharks.

As a kid, my family and I
lived in the Northern Territory,

in an indigenous
Australian community.

Up there, wildlife was something
to revere and respect.

Here on the east coast,
those same values hold true.

NICKOLLA: I have an example
of one of my artworks here,

which is all about country.

It was...

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Local artist Nickolla Clark
is an Arakwal

woman of the
Bundjalung nation.

For over 20,000 years,
her people have called the

area around Byron Bay their
home, and have an intimate

understanding of
both land and ocean.

HEMSWORTH: So we're
here in Byron Bay,

I learned to
dive at Julian Rocks.

It's beautiful out there.

Can you tell us the
significance of Julian Rocks

to the Arakwal people?

NICKOLLA: It's a significant
site to us, where our creator,

where he lays rest.

So we don't go
on Julian Rocks,

we don't harm it,

we don't touch it,
so it's pretty important.

HEMSWORTH: Yeah.

Do the Arakwal people
have a big connection

the ocean specifically?

NICKOLLA: Yeah,
so we're coastal people.

For us, living so
close to the beach,

collecting bush foods and
having the ocean to swim and

play, and we would
live off the sea.

HEMSWORTH: Have you
noticed more activity with

sharks in particular?

NICKOLLA: There's definitely
been an increase in activity

between people and the ocean,
and sharks in particular.

And a lot of the places people
actually go here on country is

they go to these
beautiful beaches,

right next to rocky
outcrops where sharks nest.

It's their domain,
it's their home.

They've always been there.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Over generations, the
Arakwal people have gained

a detailed knowledge about when
and where to avoid going in

the water to stay safe.

NICKOLLA: Here in Byron Bay,

it's really visible to
see when they're feeding,

when there's feeding
frenzies going on.

Traditionally in winter
we wouldn't swim further
than your knee height,

sharks are more active then.

That is a cultural
signifier we'd have,

so coexisting is
really important.

Like if we want to be here,

we're going
to have to do that.

HEMSWORTH: Yeah, I couldn't
agree with you more.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
This ancient wisdom,

coupled with
humane technologies,

offers a way to
coexist with sharks,

close to our shores.

Unfortunately, the problems
facing sharks around the world

are often more complex,
and more serious.

Over the last 50 years,

there's been a 70%
drop in the number of sharks

in the world's oceans.

The cause is our
over-exploitation of the sea,

and the slaughter of tens
of millions of sharks,

simply for their fins.

The reality is these beautiful
animals have got more to fear

from us than we do from them.

I think like everybody who
spends time in the ocean,

I've had the fear of sharks
at times, and shark attacks,

and talking to people who
have been very close or been

involved in an attack.

It certainly makes
it even more real.

I think we should have a
healthy respect for sharks,

and how dangerous they
can be, but realize that
we are in their environment,

and what's more scary is
an ocean without sharks.

There's been an alert from
one of the smart drumlines.

It means something's
taken the bait.

Hopefully it'll be a chance
to help with some shark
conservation and also,

meet a great white
face to face.

Is this exciting for you?

HAYDEN: It's always
exciting for me.

It's the thrill of fishing
and not knowing what's going

to be on the
other end of the line.

HEMSWORTH: Yeah, right.
It could be a jet ski.

HAYDEN: You'd hope not.

HEMSWORTH: It'll be my
first time handling a shark.

PAUL: You're the number one
man today, so yeah, shark 101,

you're going to be
out there tagging.

HEMSWORTH: Put it in a
headlock and I'll get the tail?

(laughter).

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
But as soon as we arrive,

it's clear
something's not right.

HAYDEN: We just look for
movement in the back bubble.

And when there's shark on,

they'll swim from
side to side sometimes.

And to me, that's laying
there with the wind.

PAUL: If you want to grab that
bungee Chris and pull it in.

HEMSWORTH: Oh, where's
my fish that I baited up?

PAUL: Bait's gone,
so yeah, good signs
but not what we wanted.

So to lose a full bait, we
rarely have that happen.

HEMSWORTH: Do you reckon it
might have something to do

with the person who baited it?

PAUL: Oh, not at all.

So let's get this
baited up again.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
It's disappointing.

But it's not yet game over.

PAUL: Throw it in there.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Hopefully we can tag one
before the end of the day.

CHARLIE: Okay guys,
the trial can start now.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
In the meantime, I want
to find out how we can

protect ourselves if
a shark does attack.

I think it's fair to say,

however good we
get at keeping humans and
sharks apart in the ocean,

there will always
be moments when we meet.

And in those worst case
scenarios, when sharks bite,

is there anything
that can be done?

Charlie Huveneers is a
scientist who's thought more

about this than most.

Hey mate, how are you?

CHARLIE (over computer):
Not too bad, thanks.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
For several years he's
been looking at ways of

deterring sharks that
decide to attack.

Is your research and line of
work due to your passion and

love for sharks, or passion
and love for humans,

or who are you?

Who are you more invested in?

It's okay to say
the sharks too.

CHARLIE (over computer):
It depends in what
situations, but yeah,

it's a combination.

It's really, I've always
been interested in sharks,

since I was a kid.

But yeah, the fascination for
sharks just changed into a

real interest in the science
and understanding the sharks

better, so that we can
actually help in providing a

safer environment, for
people but also for sharks.

HEMSWORTH: Yeah, are you
going into the field soon

to test any of those deterrents?

CHARLIE (over computer): Yeah,
actually we're going next week.

HEMSWORTH: Well
good luck with it.

CHARLIE (over computer): Thanks.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): Charlie
and his colleagues from Flinders
University in Adelaide

are heading into the
seas off south Australia.

On board they're testing the
latest shark deterrent and

protection technologies.

CHARLIE: So what we've seen in
that in recent years there has

been an increase in the number
of shark bites globally,

including in Australia, and
this has resulted in a lot of

interest in the devices to
try to reduce those risks.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
The team have sailed to
the Neptune Islands,

a hot spot for great whites.

The sharks come here to prey
on Australia's largest colony

of long-nosed fur seals.

So it's the perfect place to
test products designed to take

advantage of sharks'
very unusual senses.

CHARLIE: There's only a small
number of animals that have

this ability to
detect electric field,

and sharks have it through
these black dots called

Ampullae of Lorenzini.

The idea behind these electric
field based deterrents is that

they will produce
such a strong pulse,

that it will overwhelm this
sensory organ and make the

shark physically move
away from the source.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): The aim
is to develop a safer surfboard,

with an electrical shark
deterrent built into it.

CHARLIE: This produces an
electric field through two

electrodes which
are positioned just
underneath the board,

and this is kind of
a replica of a surfboard.

This has produced a
field which is transmitted
to these electrodes,

and creates a bit of a
barrier around the surfboard,

which is theory should
be deterring the sharks.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
To test the theory,

the experiment compares
a shark's reactions to a

board with the electrical
device switched on,

to a board with it off.

But getting robust data
means repeating the process

many times over.

Over hundreds of
previous trials,

the team have
captured remarkable footage

of sharks in action.

MAN: Oh!

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): First
they recorded what happened to a

baited board with a
device turned off.

CHARLIE: It's interesting
that we do have a bait just

underneath that board.

MADDIE: It's swimming as
we would expect to see it

swimming around a bait.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): And then
what happened to the sharks when

the device was turned on.

CHARLIE: Look at it.

MADDIE: So that was a
pretty obvious flinch.

CHARLIE: He's coming back now.

That kind of
flinch or reaction,

we didn't see that when the
deterrent was turned off.

MADDIE: And you can see the
really obvious flinching in

the gills as well,
and the jaw gaping.

CHARLIE: Oh look at that one,

so that one came
really from down below,

it was only within half a meter.

Overall there was a 60%
reduction in the proportion of

bait being taken, so 60%
reduction in shark bites.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
If the eight people killed
by sharks in Australia

in 2020 had been
able to use an electric
deterrent like this,

then five may still be alive.

Products like these
are promising,

as we may be able to reduce
fatalities in the future,

all without harming the sharks.

Meanwhile...

PAUL: Oh, there's
something on there.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Will I finally get my chance
to come face to face

with a great white?

Oh wow.

HEMSWORTH: Okay, I just
got a text message, PVC 276,

I assume that's the buoy
number or the coordinates,

and looks like
we have a shark.

So let's go and check it out.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
My journey to understand
how sharks and humans

can live together
has been eye-opening.

HEMSWORTH: Alright boys?
Are we on or what?

PAUL: Yes, it
looks like we're on.

Good?

HEMSWORTH: Do it.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
But I still haven't seen a
great white shark up close.

HEMSWORTH: Here we go.

So we obviously have no idea
what kind of shark it is.

PAUL: No, but what
we do know is that usually

those buoys that go
off south of the river,

it's usually a
white shark, so it's...

Yeah, we've got our
fingers crossed.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): We reach
the smart drumline location.

And this time, the
buoys don't seem to be just

drifting with the wind.

PAUL: Now we've got the buoys
together, they're tangled,

the buoy's
bouncing up and down.

Rest assured there's
a shark on this one.

HAYDEN: Alright Paul,
you alright Chris?

PAUL: Yeah, go ahead.

Well there's
something on there.

Oh, it's a big white.

A huge white.

Big white.

Come in here Chris.

HEMSWORTH: Oh wow.

Wow.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): To limit
the stress on the shark,

the team must work
as fast as possible.

PAUL: You can lift his head?

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
They need to turn the
shark onto its back,

which puts it into
a peaceful state.

The hook may look gruesome,
but the team need to use it to

stabilize the shark's
head alongside the boat.

HEMSWORTH: How big is that,
two and a half meters?

PAUL: Yeah, 2.6, 2.8?

HEMSWORTH: 2.6, 2.8.

And this is safe and mostly
harmless for the shark, right?

PAUL: That's right.

We've done a lot of research,
especially with great white

sharks now, through a process
of taking blood out of them.

So basically it doesn't
stress the animal out.

HEMSWORTH: It's comforting to
know it's not hurting the shark.

The guys have reassured me
it's pretty docile at this

point and you know,
very little harm,

and so I've seen plenty of
movies and imagery of them,

but never this, up close
in person and, yeah,

just amazing.

PAUL: Male.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): We
record as much information as
possible in the time available.

PAUL: Alright, Hayden, 2-8-1.

HAYDEN: 2-8-1.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Each measurement revealing
something different

about its life and history.

PAUL: The tiny little fin clip,

that'll get divided up
into six different pieces,

one sample will go to one lab,
another sample to another.

We want to know how many
sharks there are in the

population, who their
mums and dads are,

who their brothers
and sisters are.

So next part of
the process is working out

what they're eating.

We take a DNA sample from
around its butt basically.

HEMSWORTH: And here we are,

about to take an
anal swab from a shark.

All for science.

So let's dig in, shall we?

Where is its butt?

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
Knowing a shark's diet can
give vital clues about

how and where it feeds,

helping us understand
its life underwater.

Sorry about that mate.

To monitor this
shark in real time,

an acoustic transmitter
tag is then attached.

Are you alright there?

Everyone alright?

PAUL: Yeah.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): Meaning
its movements can be tracked for

up to 10 years.

PAUL: See, just
a quick incision,

shark doesn't even know.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen):
With the science wrapped up,

it's time to let the shark go.

Alright.

PAUL: Alright guys,
let's do this.

HEMSWORTH: So you're
going to hold the dorsal
while you're doing it?

PAUL: Just hold that Chris.

HEMSWORTH: Yep.

PAUL: And I'm just going
to let that go there,

and we're going to
wait for him to kick.

And then we, when
he goes the other way,

we'll let him go.

HAYDEN: There he goes,
he wants to swim.

HEMSWORTH: Let him go?

PAUL: There he goes,
out the front of the boat,

straight to New Zealand.

HEMSWORTH: He cruised
off pretty gently, huh?

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): The
great white is now one of over

400 in the monitoring program.

If any come within half
a mile of the shore,

their tags will
trigger an alarm,

allowing the water
to be evacuated,

keeping swimmers
and surfers safe.

What's more,
having been tagged,

it turns out the shark's
then likely to avoid this

spot for quite a while.

PAUL: We do know from our
satellite tag work that the

next day its 15 to 30
kilometers offshore,

so not only have we taken
it away from the direct beach,

you can see the waves
breaking only 100 meters

away from us, so it's...

HEMSWORTH: I've surfed
there a few times.

PAUL: Surfing in there,
he's released, he's off,

so the smart drumlines have
done their bit for the day.

HEMSWORTH: Great.

PAUL: Well done
on your first shark.

HEMSWORTH: Success, thank you.

HAYDEN: Thank you.
HEMSWORTH: Cheers guys.

HEMSWORTH (off-screen): Meeting
the largest predatory shark in
the ocean has been an

eye-opener for sure.

It's made me realize that
despite their ability to harm,

these are deeply
vulnerable creatures.

Thankfully, we're
now learning how to
better live together.

And I think when
we're enjoying the ocean,

we should never forget
that we are the visitors

to their home.

I think I have a greater
understanding of how fragile

the ocean is, and the
devastating effect we can have

on it, and also the positive
effects we can have on it,

depending on what road
we choose to take.

DIRECTOR (off-screen): Are you
going to give up surfing?

HEMSWORTH: Definitely not.

♪ ♪

Captioned by
Cotter Media Group.