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00:00:35,687 --> 00:00:37,733
[♪♪]
2
00:00:37,733 --> 00:00:39,604
[CHILDREN SINGING
INDISTINCTLY]
3
00:01:04,499 --> 00:01:08,372
[♪♪]
4
00:02:21,750 --> 00:02:23,317
[CROWD CHEERING, APPLAUDING]
5
00:02:23,317 --> 00:02:25,188
[CHANTING IN MANDARIN]
6
00:03:07,317 --> 00:03:10,581
NANFU:
I was born in China in 1985,
7
00:03:10,581 --> 00:03:13,105
a time
when China's population crisis
8
00:03:13,105 --> 00:03:15,847
was making headlines
around the world.
9
00:03:15,847 --> 00:03:17,980
There are more
than a billion Chinese.
10
00:03:17,980 --> 00:03:20,678
That one big statistic,
more than anything else,
11
00:03:20,678 --> 00:03:21,984
is at the heart
of that country's
12
00:03:21,984 --> 00:03:23,768
huge economic problems.
13
00:03:23,768 --> 00:03:25,727
MAN:
By the middle
of the next century,
14
00:03:25,727 --> 00:03:28,512
if China's families have
an average of three children,
15
00:03:28,512 --> 00:03:29,905
there will be starvation.
16
00:03:29,905 --> 00:03:31,994
However,
with one child per family,
17
00:03:31,994 --> 00:03:34,257
the standard
of living doubles.
18
00:03:34,257 --> 00:03:36,346
So now there's
a desperate effort underway
19
00:03:36,346 --> 00:03:38,174
to control the population,
20
00:03:38,174 --> 00:03:40,655
to limit families
to just one child.
21
00:03:40,655 --> 00:03:43,048
Chinese officials are using
fines,
22
00:03:43,048 --> 00:03:45,747
economic incentives
and propaganda.
23
00:03:45,747 --> 00:03:49,141
Billboards like this one
are up all over the country.
24
00:03:49,141 --> 00:03:51,535
They have a long way to go.
25
00:03:58,629 --> 00:04:00,805
NANFU:
Six years before I was born,
26
00:04:00,805 --> 00:04:04,374
China launched
its One-Child Policy.
27
00:04:04,374 --> 00:04:07,290
I grew up seeing reminders
of the policy everywhere.
28
00:04:09,379 --> 00:04:13,601
They were painted on the walls, printed on playing cards...
29
00:04:14,819 --> 00:04:16,125
calendars,
30
00:04:16,125 --> 00:04:17,953
matches,
31
00:04:17,953 --> 00:04:20,564
snack boxes,
32
00:04:20,564 --> 00:04:22,305
posters.
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00:04:22,305 --> 00:04:23,872
All of them blended
34
00:04:23,872 --> 00:04:27,354
into the background of life
in China.
35
00:04:27,354 --> 00:04:28,920
I never thought much
36
00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:31,532
about what it meant for me,
or anyone,
37
00:04:31,532 --> 00:04:35,840
until I learned
that I was going to be a mom.
38
00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:37,842
[HEARTBEAT]
39
00:04:37,842 --> 00:04:41,716
[♪♪]
40
00:04:51,116 --> 00:04:54,337
Our baby was born
seven weeks early.
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00:04:54,337 --> 00:04:56,426
I was not prepared.
42
00:04:59,211 --> 00:05:01,126
Right after he was born,
43
00:05:01,126 --> 00:05:04,129
the nurses took him away
from me.
44
00:05:04,129 --> 00:05:06,044
The separation
45
00:05:06,044 --> 00:05:08,873
and fear for his health
was traumatic.
46
00:05:11,876 --> 00:05:13,400
Twelve days later,
47
00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:15,706
I was finally able
to take him home
48
00:05:15,706 --> 00:05:16,968
and hold him.
49
00:05:16,968 --> 00:05:19,231
[IN MANDARIN]
50
00:05:21,582 --> 00:05:23,323
Becoming a mother felt like
51
00:05:23,323 --> 00:05:24,976
giving birth
to my memories.
52
00:05:26,848 --> 00:05:29,198
A rush of images
from my early life
53
00:05:29,198 --> 00:05:30,808
came back to me.
54
00:05:32,680 --> 00:05:34,551
I thought of my own parents
55
00:05:34,551 --> 00:05:36,597
and the name they gave me.
56
00:05:36,597 --> 00:05:41,036
They chose the name Nanfu
before I was born.
57
00:05:41,036 --> 00:05:45,432
Nan means "man,"
andfu means "pillar."
58
00:05:45,432 --> 00:05:47,172
They hoped for a boy
59
00:05:47,172 --> 00:05:49,436
who would grow up to be the pillar of the family.
60
00:05:50,828 --> 00:05:53,091
When I was born a girl,
61
00:05:53,091 --> 00:05:55,833
they named me Nanfu anyway,
62
00:05:55,833 --> 00:05:59,359
hoping that I would
grow up strong like a man.
63
00:06:03,275 --> 00:06:06,017
I remembered the plaques
the government hung
64
00:06:06,017 --> 00:06:09,064
on all the front doors
in my village every year,
65
00:06:09,064 --> 00:06:11,414
signifying
each family's commitment
66
00:06:11,414 --> 00:06:13,634
to the Communist Party's
values.
67
00:06:15,287 --> 00:06:17,725
Each plaque was decorated
with stars
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00:06:17,725 --> 00:06:20,075
indicating how well
the family performed,
69
00:06:20,075 --> 00:06:22,251
including a star
70
00:06:22,251 --> 00:06:25,689
for whether the family
had no more than one child.
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00:06:27,561 --> 00:06:31,216
Our family always missed
that star.
72
00:06:33,131 --> 00:06:36,483
I remembered being sent
to middle school in the city
73
00:06:36,483 --> 00:06:40,400
because our village
only had an elementary school.
74
00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:45,100
Most of the city kids
came from one-child families.
75
00:06:45,100 --> 00:06:48,364
Whenever someone found out
that I had a brother,
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00:06:48,364 --> 00:06:50,627
I felt embarrassed,
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00:06:50,627 --> 00:06:53,456
as if our family had done
something wrong
78
00:06:53,456 --> 00:06:56,154
by having a second child.
79
00:07:08,819 --> 00:07:11,256
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
80
00:07:11,256 --> 00:07:15,696
ZAODI [IN MANDARIN]:
81
00:07:27,272 --> 00:07:28,448
Mm.
82
00:07:35,019 --> 00:07:42,636
Hmm.
83
00:07:42,636 --> 00:07:43,985
Mm.
84
00:07:49,773 --> 00:07:52,254
[♪♪]
85
00:08:06,747 --> 00:08:08,618
[BABY FUSSING]
86
00:08:32,729 --> 00:08:34,601
[FIRECRACKERS POPPING]
87
00:08:46,569 --> 00:08:50,486
ZHIMEI [IN MANDARIN]:
88
00:09:13,814 --> 00:09:15,293
[CLEARS THROAT]
89
00:09:15,293 --> 00:09:16,599
WOMAN [IN MANDARIN]:Huh?
90
00:09:38,403 --> 00:09:41,450
NANFU:
I moved to the U.S. six years
before my son was born.
91
00:09:44,105 --> 00:09:46,847
Bringing him back to my village for the first time
92
00:09:46,847 --> 00:09:48,936
showed me
how traumatic it was
93
00:09:48,936 --> 00:09:51,852
just to become a parent
in China.
94
00:09:51,852 --> 00:09:53,680
[CHILDREN CHATTERING
INDISTINCTLY]
95
00:10:01,035 --> 00:10:02,427
Visiting the village
kindergarten
96
00:10:02,427 --> 00:10:04,734
where my mom teaches,
97
00:10:04,734 --> 00:10:06,823
I remembered
that we had textbooks
98
00:10:06,823 --> 00:10:08,172
about the One-Child Policy
99
00:10:08,172 --> 00:10:09,304
since we were kids.
100
00:10:11,828 --> 00:10:13,656
ALL [SINGING IN MANDARIN]:
101
00:10:16,790 --> 00:10:18,966
I used to think
that I knew everything
102
00:10:18,966 --> 00:10:22,099
there was to know
about the One-Child Policy.
103
00:10:23,840 --> 00:10:26,451
But now I wondered
if the thoughts I had
104
00:10:26,451 --> 00:10:27,975
were really my own
105
00:10:27,975 --> 00:10:30,717
or if they were simply
learned.
106
00:10:38,202 --> 00:10:40,117
I asked my neighbor
to take me
107
00:10:40,117 --> 00:10:42,119
to see the former head
of my village,
108
00:10:42,119 --> 00:10:43,555
who was in charge
109
00:10:43,555 --> 00:10:46,036
when the One-Child Policy
began.
110
00:10:46,036 --> 00:10:48,952
He was one of the people
my grandpa argued with
111
00:10:48,952 --> 00:10:51,172
about sterilizing my mom.
112
00:10:51,172 --> 00:10:52,434
[IN MANDARIN]
113
00:10:52,434 --> 00:10:54,305
[BOTH CHATTERING IN MANDARIN]
114
00:10:56,438 --> 00:10:58,179
[NANFU LAUGHS]
115
00:10:58,179 --> 00:11:00,703
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
116
00:11:00,703 --> 00:11:02,096
Oh!NANFU: Mm.
117
00:11:02,096 --> 00:11:04,228
[IN MANDARIN]
118
00:11:11,627 --> 00:11:12,889
[IN MANDARIN]
119
00:11:12,889 --> 00:11:14,108
NANFU:
120
00:11:14,108 --> 00:11:15,283
Ah.
121
00:11:16,458 --> 00:11:19,374
NANFU:
122
00:11:19,374 --> 00:11:21,289
[IN MANDARIN]
123
00:11:21,289 --> 00:11:22,420
[NANFU CHUCKLES]
124
00:11:25,249 --> 00:11:26,990
[IN MANDARIN]
125
00:11:26,990 --> 00:11:29,036
NANFU:
126
00:11:29,036 --> 00:11:30,907
[WOMEN CHATTERING IN MANDARIN]
127
00:11:34,911 --> 00:11:37,044
NANFU:
128
00:11:37,044 --> 00:11:39,611
TUNDE [IN MANDARIN]:
129
00:11:47,619 --> 00:11:50,710
NANFU:
130
00:11:50,710 --> 00:11:53,713
[IN MANDARIN]
131
00:12:09,163 --> 00:12:12,644
WOMAN [IN MANDARIN]:
132
00:12:18,563 --> 00:12:20,391
[CYMBALS CLANKING]
133
00:12:25,788 --> 00:12:27,703
[SPEAKING IN MANDARIN]
134
00:12:30,619 --> 00:12:34,449
XIANWEN [IN MANDARIN]:
135
00:12:45,373 --> 00:12:47,244
[CHANTING IN MANDARIN]
136
00:13:05,828 --> 00:13:07,743
[CHANTING]
137
00:13:24,238 --> 00:13:27,328
NANFU:
Men like Liu Xianwen
worked all over China
138
00:13:27,328 --> 00:13:29,330
to promote
the One-Child Policy.
139
00:13:29,330 --> 00:13:31,201
[CYMBALS CLANKING OVER TV]
140
00:13:31,201 --> 00:13:33,638
Since before
I could even speak,
141
00:13:33,638 --> 00:13:37,642
I was surrounded by messages
praising the policy.
142
00:13:37,642 --> 00:13:39,862
[MUSIC PLAYING OVER TV] There was TV.
143
00:13:39,862 --> 00:13:43,474
ALL [CHANTING IN MANDARIN]:
144
00:13:46,869 --> 00:13:48,305
NANFU:
Theatrical performances.
145
00:13:48,305 --> 00:13:51,047
[IN MANDARIN]:
146
00:13:51,047 --> 00:13:52,875
ALL [IN MANDARIN]:
147
00:13:56,923 --> 00:13:59,708
NANFU:
And even children's songs.
148
00:13:59,708 --> 00:14:06,193
[SINGING IN MANDARIN]:
149
00:14:22,687 --> 00:14:27,997
And just like everyone else,
I joined in the choir.
150
00:14:27,997 --> 00:14:31,783
This was me performing
propaganda songs.
151
00:14:31,783 --> 00:14:35,396
We all had the same makeup,
the same dresses
152
00:14:35,396 --> 00:14:37,789
and the same mentality.
153
00:14:41,663 --> 00:14:45,493
WOMAN [IN MANDARIN]:
154
00:14:45,493 --> 00:14:47,625
[IN MANDARIN]
155
00:15:34,324 --> 00:15:36,544
WOMAN:
156
00:15:40,591 --> 00:15:43,246
[IN MANDARIN]
157
00:16:54,665 --> 00:16:57,538
[CHATTERING IN MANDARIN]
158
00:16:57,538 --> 00:16:59,322
NANFU:
As I was leaving,
159
00:16:59,322 --> 00:17:01,672
I asked my neighbor
who went with me
160
00:17:01,672 --> 00:17:04,023
if he could take me
to meet some women
161
00:17:04,023 --> 00:17:05,850
who were affected
by the policy.
162
00:17:05,850 --> 00:17:07,983
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
163
00:17:10,899 --> 00:17:12,205
MAN 1 [IN MANDARIN]:
164
00:17:14,076 --> 00:17:16,557
NANFU:
165
00:17:16,557 --> 00:17:17,993
MAN 1:
166
00:17:22,519 --> 00:17:26,001
NANFU:
167
00:17:27,437 --> 00:17:30,875
[IN MANDARIN]
168
00:17:30,875 --> 00:17:32,051
NANFU:
169
00:17:38,666 --> 00:17:39,884
[NANFU SPEAKS IN MANDARIN]
170
00:17:39,884 --> 00:17:41,277
[IN MANDARIN]
171
00:17:43,410 --> 00:17:44,628
NANFU:
172
00:17:44,628 --> 00:17:46,152
[IN MANDARIN]
173
00:17:46,152 --> 00:17:47,414
NANFU:
174
00:17:47,414 --> 00:17:49,155
WOMAN 1 [IN MANDARIN]:
175
00:17:49,155 --> 00:17:50,460
NANFU:
176
00:17:51,635 --> 00:17:53,289
[CHATTERING IN MANDARIN]
177
00:17:57,511 --> 00:17:59,339
[MANDARIN POP MUSIC PLAYING
OVER SPEAKER]
178
00:18:16,051 --> 00:18:18,053
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
That night, I decided
179
00:18:18,053 --> 00:18:21,491
it was best
to speak to someone I know.
180
00:18:21,491 --> 00:18:23,580
So I went to see
the local midwife
181
00:18:23,580 --> 00:18:26,061
who delivered all the babies
in the village,
182
00:18:26,061 --> 00:18:29,499
including myself.
183
00:18:29,499 --> 00:18:31,284
She was happy to see me.
184
00:18:31,284 --> 00:18:33,851
She showed me photos
of my grandma,
185
00:18:33,851 --> 00:18:37,551
who used to be in the same
propaganda band with her.
186
00:18:37,551 --> 00:18:39,770
HUARU [IN MANDARIN]:
187
00:18:48,083 --> 00:18:49,519
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
188
00:18:52,479 --> 00:18:54,829
[IN MANDARIN]
189
00:19:38,307 --> 00:19:42,181
[♪♪]
190
00:19:55,585 --> 00:19:57,761
NANFU:
191
00:19:57,761 --> 00:20:01,461
HUARU:
192
00:20:44,243 --> 00:20:45,983
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
On the wall,
193
00:20:45,983 --> 00:20:49,465
there was a long list
of infertility disorders.
194
00:20:49,465 --> 00:20:52,251
Next to it were flags
people sent to thank her
195
00:20:52,251 --> 00:20:54,775
for helping them
have babies.
196
00:21:05,264 --> 00:21:06,743
[NANFU GASPS]
197
00:21:08,049 --> 00:21:09,224
[NANFU SPEAKS IN MANDARIN]
198
00:21:33,814 --> 00:21:35,598
NANFU:
199
00:21:38,514 --> 00:21:41,474
HUARU:
200
00:23:17,134 --> 00:23:21,661
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
My village is one of many
thousands across the country,
201
00:23:21,661 --> 00:23:26,927
and every village had midwives
and family planning workers.
202
00:23:26,927 --> 00:23:30,887
Each year, the government
would punish or reward them
203
00:23:30,887 --> 00:23:33,716
depending on how many babies
were born in their territory.
204
00:23:33,716 --> 00:23:36,284
[ORCHESTRAL FANFARE PLAYING][AUDIENCE APPLAUDING]
205
00:23:54,389 --> 00:23:56,173
PRESENTER [IN MANDARIN]:
206
00:24:40,130 --> 00:24:42,524
[♪♪]
207
00:24:48,051 --> 00:24:50,489
[IN MANDARIN]
208
00:25:22,651 --> 00:25:25,611
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
She was standing
right behind Wen Jiabao,
209
00:25:25,611 --> 00:25:28,396
the country's premier
at the time.
210
00:25:28,396 --> 00:25:31,051
Received
like a national hero,
211
00:25:31,051 --> 00:25:33,227
Jiang's story was told
again and again
212
00:25:33,227 --> 00:25:35,185
by the state TV.
213
00:25:37,492 --> 00:25:40,321
MAN [IN MANDARIN]:
214
00:26:09,568 --> 00:26:11,831
[IN MANDARIN]
215
00:26:34,331 --> 00:26:36,943
[♪♪]
216
00:27:50,930 --> 00:27:52,453
[LAUGHS]
217
00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:19,523
[CHUCKLES]
218
00:28:26,748 --> 00:28:30,665
[♪♪]
219
00:28:33,494 --> 00:28:36,149
NANFU:
"We are fighting
a population war"
220
00:28:36,149 --> 00:28:38,673
was a common slogan
used by the government
221
00:28:38,673 --> 00:28:41,763
during
the One-Child Policy.
222
00:28:41,763 --> 00:28:45,462
China started a war
against population growth,
223
00:28:45,462 --> 00:28:49,684
but it became a real war
against its own people.
224
00:28:50,903 --> 00:28:53,775
[TANK GUNS FIRING]
225
00:29:06,222 --> 00:29:09,008
PENG [IN MANDARIN]:
226
00:29:43,346 --> 00:29:46,088
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
227
00:30:06,413 --> 00:30:07,806
NANFU:
228
00:30:13,333 --> 00:30:14,595
Mm.
229
00:31:14,350 --> 00:31:15,917
[♪♪]
230
00:31:19,138 --> 00:31:23,142
[IN MANDARIN]
231
00:34:15,314 --> 00:34:18,404
[IN MANDARIN]
232
00:34:18,404 --> 00:34:20,232
[IN MANDARIN]
233
00:35:21,858 --> 00:35:23,425
[IN MANDARIN]
234
00:35:25,732 --> 00:35:27,081
[CLEARS THROAT]
235
00:36:18,437 --> 00:36:20,830
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
236
00:36:23,181 --> 00:36:24,791
[SIGHS]
237
00:36:24,791 --> 00:36:27,489
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
My grandpa is 83.
238
00:36:27,489 --> 00:36:31,450
He lived through wars,
famines and revolutions.
239
00:36:33,147 --> 00:36:35,889
My own parents
weren't much better off.
240
00:36:35,889 --> 00:36:38,283
My father died
of a brain hemorrhage
241
00:36:38,283 --> 00:36:40,067
when he was 33.
242
00:36:41,721 --> 00:36:44,027
And his short life
was more about survival
243
00:36:44,027 --> 00:36:45,638
than finding fulfillment.
244
00:36:47,509 --> 00:36:50,208
[♪♪]
245
00:36:54,299 --> 00:36:56,823
None of my family
questioned the policy
246
00:36:56,823 --> 00:36:59,826
or how it was implemented.
247
00:36:59,826 --> 00:37:02,263
The government used
music and TV
248
00:37:02,263 --> 00:37:03,873
to show people
a better life
249
00:37:03,873 --> 00:37:06,180
that they could imagine
themselves living,
250
00:37:06,180 --> 00:37:08,574
as long as they followed
the rules.
251
00:37:08,574 --> 00:37:10,445
[WOMAN SINGING
ORCHESTRAL BALLAD]
252
00:37:15,624 --> 00:37:17,539
WOMAN [SINGING IN MANDARIN]:
253
00:37:42,651 --> 00:37:44,740
[IN MANDARIN]
254
00:38:08,851 --> 00:38:11,985
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
I wish I could say something
to my mom.
255
00:38:11,985 --> 00:38:15,205
Like most people in China,
she believes the policy
256
00:38:15,205 --> 00:38:18,905
was necessary
for China's survival.
257
00:38:18,905 --> 00:38:21,255
But I wondered
if people like her
258
00:38:21,255 --> 00:38:24,127
really thought
it was worth the sacrifices
259
00:38:24,127 --> 00:38:26,086
each family made.
260
00:38:27,827 --> 00:38:30,656
ZHIHAO [IN MANDARIN]:
261
00:39:18,921 --> 00:39:20,314
[STAMMERS]
262
00:39:36,983 --> 00:39:38,550
[STAMMERS]
263
00:39:43,598 --> 00:39:45,252
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
264
00:39:48,777 --> 00:39:49,996
[IN MANDARIN]
265
00:39:55,480 --> 00:39:56,611
NANFU:
266
00:40:03,444 --> 00:40:04,837
NANFU:
267
00:40:11,931 --> 00:40:13,846
NANFU:
268
00:40:13,846 --> 00:40:15,717
[MEN SPEAKING IN MANDARIN]
269
00:40:21,593 --> 00:40:23,769
NANFU:
270
00:40:37,913 --> 00:40:39,175
NANFU:
271
00:40:50,186 --> 00:40:51,623
NANFU:
272
00:40:58,064 --> 00:40:59,761
NANFU:
Coming back here,
273
00:40:59,761 --> 00:41:01,763
I realized that I don't even
have a photo
274
00:41:01,763 --> 00:41:03,548
of my grandpa and me,
275
00:41:03,548 --> 00:41:07,856
as he only ever took photos
with his two grandsons.
276
00:41:09,205 --> 00:41:11,599
ZHIHAO [IN MANDARIN]:
277
00:41:38,408 --> 00:41:42,412
NANFU:
When my mom was born,
her parents named her Zaodi,
278
00:41:42,412 --> 00:41:44,545
which means "bring me
a younger brother soon."
279
00:41:48,984 --> 00:41:51,639
She later helped
her younger brother
280
00:41:51,639 --> 00:41:53,598
abandon his daughter
in the market
281
00:41:53,598 --> 00:41:56,383
so he could try again
for a son.
282
00:42:00,648 --> 00:42:02,215
[IN MANDARIN]
283
00:42:34,726 --> 00:42:36,336
[IN MANDARIN]
284
00:42:50,089 --> 00:42:52,961
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
285
00:42:52,961 --> 00:42:55,398
[IN MANDARIN]
286
00:43:01,927 --> 00:43:04,059
NANFU:
287
00:43:34,916 --> 00:43:37,397
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
I wish I could say
that my uncle
288
00:43:37,397 --> 00:43:38,877
was the only one
in our family
289
00:43:38,877 --> 00:43:41,401
who felt he had to abandon
a child.
290
00:43:41,401 --> 00:43:43,577
[♪♪]
291
00:43:47,450 --> 00:43:49,539
[IN MANDARIN]
292
00:43:52,760 --> 00:43:54,196
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
293
00:43:55,545 --> 00:43:56,851
NANFU:
294
00:44:00,202 --> 00:44:01,377
NANFU:
295
00:44:03,379 --> 00:44:05,425
NANFU:
296
00:44:09,951 --> 00:44:12,258
NANFU:
297
00:44:18,133 --> 00:44:19,265
NANFU:
298
00:44:43,115 --> 00:44:44,682
NANFU:
Mm.
299
00:44:44,682 --> 00:44:48,381
[♪♪]
300
00:44:48,381 --> 00:44:51,079
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
The large number
of abandoned babies
301
00:44:51,079 --> 00:44:53,429
created opportunities
for human traffickers
302
00:44:53,429 --> 00:44:55,170
all over China.
303
00:44:55,170 --> 00:44:57,869
In my village,
we called them matchmakers,
304
00:44:57,869 --> 00:44:59,827
because they took
unwanted babies
305
00:44:59,827 --> 00:45:02,221
and found homes for them.
306
00:45:02,221 --> 00:45:05,180
Talking with my aunt
about matchmakers
307
00:45:05,180 --> 00:45:06,747
triggered a memory I had
308
00:45:06,747 --> 00:45:09,881
of a national news story
from a decade ago,
309
00:45:09,881 --> 00:45:12,710
where an entire family
was convicted
310
00:45:12,710 --> 00:45:15,843
of selling babies
to orphanages.
311
00:45:15,843 --> 00:45:18,498
At the time,
it seemed cruel and evil
312
00:45:18,498 --> 00:45:21,196
that someone could sell babies
like that.
313
00:45:21,196 --> 00:45:23,721
But now I wondered
if the government's version
314
00:45:23,721 --> 00:45:26,462
of their crime
was true at all.
315
00:45:32,947 --> 00:45:35,689
I tracked down
the ex-trafficker Yueneng Duan
316
00:45:35,689 --> 00:45:37,125
in Shenzhen.
317
00:45:37,125 --> 00:45:39,127
Duan spent four years
in prison,
318
00:45:39,127 --> 00:45:43,088
but now works
as a security guard.
319
00:45:43,088 --> 00:45:45,960
The day I was there,
he was on his break,
320
00:45:45,960 --> 00:45:48,136
scavenging furniture
from a company
321
00:45:48,136 --> 00:45:50,356
that was going
out of business.
322
00:45:50,356 --> 00:45:52,575
[♪♪]
323
00:46:16,034 --> 00:46:17,426
[IN MANDARIN]
324
00:46:19,515 --> 00:46:20,908
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
325
00:46:34,400 --> 00:46:36,228
NANFU:
326
00:46:47,021 --> 00:46:48,762
NANFU:
327
00:46:51,112 --> 00:46:52,244
NANFU:
328
00:46:56,422 --> 00:46:59,120
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
The number 10,000
sounded high to me,
329
00:46:59,120 --> 00:47:01,949
but I had no way
to verify it.
330
00:47:01,949 --> 00:47:05,518
I asked him to show me
exactly how he did it.
331
00:47:05,518 --> 00:47:07,389
[WOMAN ON P.A.
SPEAKING MANDARIN]
332
00:47:11,829 --> 00:47:14,353
NANFU:
He used to take a train
almost every day
333
00:47:14,353 --> 00:47:17,399
between Guangdong Province,
where he would find babies,
334
00:47:17,399 --> 00:47:19,184
and Hunan Province,
335
00:47:19,184 --> 00:47:22,404
where he would sell the babies
to the orphanages.
336
00:47:35,069 --> 00:47:36,854
YUENENG [IN MANDARIN]:
337
00:48:08,363 --> 00:48:10,322
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
338
00:48:12,846 --> 00:48:14,369
NANFU:
339
00:48:24,379 --> 00:48:25,946
YUENENG [IN MANDARIN]:
340
00:48:32,518 --> 00:48:34,172
NANFU:
341
00:48:54,496 --> 00:48:57,804
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
1992 was the year
that China began
342
00:48:57,804 --> 00:48:59,893
its international
adoption program,
343
00:48:59,893 --> 00:49:03,766
allowing foreigners
to adopt Chinese orphans.
344
00:49:05,594 --> 00:49:08,771
The demand from orphanages
grew so fast
345
00:49:08,771 --> 00:49:11,035
that Duan's family
had to find help.
346
00:49:53,512 --> 00:49:55,383
[IN MANDARIN]
347
00:50:11,356 --> 00:50:13,184
[SPEAKING MANDARIN]
348
00:50:21,148 --> 00:50:22,715
YUENENG [IN MANDARIN]:
349
00:51:07,325 --> 00:51:08,848
MEILIN [IN MANDARIN]:
350
00:51:34,003 --> 00:51:36,658
YUENENG:
351
00:51:49,976 --> 00:51:51,847
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
352
00:51:53,545 --> 00:51:55,068
[IN MANDARIN]
353
00:51:59,464 --> 00:52:01,466
NANFU:
354
00:52:22,226 --> 00:52:24,097
NANFU:
355
00:52:32,410 --> 00:52:33,541
NANFU:
356
00:52:38,677 --> 00:52:40,548
[BOTH SPEAKING IN MANDARIN]
357
00:52:41,897 --> 00:52:43,508
[LAUGHS]
358
00:52:45,205 --> 00:52:47,207
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
Until my aunt told me
359
00:52:47,207 --> 00:52:49,427
the story about
her abandoned daughter,
360
00:52:49,427 --> 00:52:52,778
I never knew
that I had a cousin.
361
00:52:52,778 --> 00:52:54,780
Now I was filled
with questions.
362
00:52:55,998 --> 00:52:58,175
Where could she be?
363
00:52:58,175 --> 00:53:02,048
And where are the children
Duan sold to orphanages?
364
00:53:05,573 --> 00:53:07,532
One family in America
365
00:53:07,532 --> 00:53:11,579
has been trying to answer
these questions for 18 years.
366
00:53:13,581 --> 00:53:15,627
BRIAN:
There are entries
showing these kids
367
00:53:15,627 --> 00:53:19,152
either came from
the Duan family from Wuchuan
368
00:53:19,152 --> 00:53:22,721
or from, you know, outside,
uh, family planning.
369
00:53:22,721 --> 00:53:24,766
And that's just--
It's astounding that,
370
00:53:24,766 --> 00:53:27,465
of the hundreds of kids
at this orphanage
371
00:53:27,465 --> 00:53:29,249
adopted internationally,
372
00:53:29,249 --> 00:53:30,772
less than a handful of them
373
00:53:30,772 --> 00:53:33,775
actually seem to have been
legitimately found.
374
00:53:33,775 --> 00:53:35,255
The rest were brought
in by people.
375
00:53:35,255 --> 00:53:36,691
LAN:
I know.
376
00:53:36,691 --> 00:53:39,128
NANFU:
Long Lan and her husband Brian
377
00:53:39,128 --> 00:53:41,174
cofounded Research China,
378
00:53:41,174 --> 00:53:44,482
a paid service that tries
to connect adopted children
379
00:53:44,482 --> 00:53:46,571
with their birth families
in China.
380
00:53:46,571 --> 00:53:49,226
Their search started
with their own children.
381
00:53:53,099 --> 00:53:54,970
LAN [IN MANDARIN]:
382
00:54:01,325 --> 00:54:04,153
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
Why adopting from China
was so popular
383
00:54:04,153 --> 00:54:06,199
among international
families?
384
00:54:06,199 --> 00:54:08,419
The main thing
is that the China program,
385
00:54:08,419 --> 00:54:09,724
from the beginning,
386
00:54:09,724 --> 00:54:11,639
was extremely predictable.
387
00:54:11,639 --> 00:54:14,555
You knew practically
down to the penny
388
00:54:14,555 --> 00:54:17,166
how much money you were gonna
need to bring to China.
389
00:54:17,166 --> 00:54:19,473
You knew where you were
gonna be on every day.
390
00:54:19,473 --> 00:54:21,867
You knew what forms
you were gonna sign.
391
00:54:21,867 --> 00:54:25,349
Everything
was 100 percent orchestrated.
392
00:54:25,349 --> 00:54:29,004
NANFU:
How much was the average
total cost to adopt from China?
393
00:54:29,004 --> 00:54:33,618
Generally between, say,
$10,000 at the very least
394
00:54:33,618 --> 00:54:35,924
to 20,000 to $25,000.
395
00:54:38,492 --> 00:54:41,713
So we did research,
submitted our dossier
396
00:54:41,713 --> 00:54:44,846
and adopted Meikina in 1998,
April 4th.
397
00:54:44,846 --> 00:54:46,587
[BABBLES]
398
00:54:46,587 --> 00:54:49,503
And it was, in every sense
of the word,
399
00:54:49,503 --> 00:54:51,418
a life-changing experience.
400
00:54:51,418 --> 00:54:54,726
And we said, "Boy, we need
to go on that ride again."
401
00:54:54,726 --> 00:54:56,858
[♪♪]
402
00:54:59,731 --> 00:55:02,211
BRIAN:
Now look at the camera.
Two, three, one.
403
00:55:02,211 --> 00:55:04,866
Come on.Here. One, two...
404
00:55:04,866 --> 00:55:06,738
LAN [IN MANDARIN]:
405
00:55:12,526 --> 00:55:14,354
[IN ENGLISH]
406
00:55:16,617 --> 00:55:19,011
[IN MANDARIN]
407
00:55:25,496 --> 00:55:27,149
[IN ENGLISH]
Oh, my God...
408
00:55:27,149 --> 00:55:30,022
[IN MANDARIN]
409
00:55:32,590 --> 00:55:34,940
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
For most of Meikina's life,
410
00:55:34,940 --> 00:55:39,161
they thought they knew exactly
how she came to them.
411
00:55:39,161 --> 00:55:43,688
BRIAN:
I'd actually started researching
in China in about 2000,
412
00:55:43,688 --> 00:55:45,820
and interviewed this finder.
413
00:55:47,474 --> 00:55:49,302
[IN ENGLISH]
414
00:55:53,001 --> 00:55:55,047
BRIAN:
And the detail
in the experience
415
00:55:55,047 --> 00:55:56,701
that she painted for me
416
00:55:56,701 --> 00:55:59,312
struck me
as completely legitimate.
417
00:55:59,312 --> 00:56:01,227
[IN ENGLISH]
418
00:56:18,375 --> 00:56:20,986
For 10 years,
I was convinced
419
00:56:20,986 --> 00:56:23,118
that that story
was accurate.
420
00:56:23,118 --> 00:56:26,165
Um, and then finally Lan said,
you know,
421
00:56:26,165 --> 00:56:27,906
"Maybe we should go back
422
00:56:27,906 --> 00:56:30,474
and I should meet this finder
and talk to her myself."
423
00:56:30,474 --> 00:56:31,779
So she went back,
424
00:56:31,779 --> 00:56:33,738
found the woman
I had interviewed,
425
00:56:33,738 --> 00:56:36,436
and the woman, like, kind
of got a little bit nervous,
426
00:56:36,436 --> 00:56:38,960
and she said, "Have you spoken
to the orphanage?
427
00:56:38,960 --> 00:56:42,486
"I actually had nothing to do
with your daughter's finding.
428
00:56:42,486 --> 00:56:44,618
"Our names were just put
on the paperwork
429
00:56:44,618 --> 00:56:46,011
"for the adoption.
430
00:56:46,011 --> 00:56:47,665
We didn't find
your daughter."
431
00:56:49,188 --> 00:56:51,233
Now, when Lan called me
and told me that,
432
00:56:51,233 --> 00:56:55,934
I was like,
"Wow. That is amazing."
433
00:56:55,934 --> 00:56:58,937
Because now I recognized
that the orphanage
434
00:56:58,937 --> 00:57:00,678
had prepped the finder
435
00:57:00,678 --> 00:57:03,028
before I had even gotten there
in 2000 and said,
436
00:57:03,028 --> 00:57:04,551
"Give him a good story.
437
00:57:04,551 --> 00:57:06,988
Make something up.
Just make him feel good."
438
00:57:06,988 --> 00:57:10,035
And that's what happens
in the majority of cases
439
00:57:10,035 --> 00:57:12,385
when Western families
go to China,
440
00:57:12,385 --> 00:57:17,303
and they give this same story
over and over and over again.
441
00:57:18,696 --> 00:57:20,393
LAN [IN MANDARIN]:
442
00:57:42,023 --> 00:57:44,722
[IN ENGLISH]
How come I can't find that one?
443
00:57:45,984 --> 00:57:48,116
[IN MANDARIN]
444
00:57:54,558 --> 00:57:55,950
NANFU:
Talking with Long Lan,
445
00:57:55,950 --> 00:57:58,126
I realized
I was following the path
446
00:57:58,126 --> 00:57:59,519
she had already discovered.
447
00:58:01,390 --> 00:58:02,783
[IN MANDARIN]
448
00:58:15,361 --> 00:58:17,668
NANFU:
She had reached out
to Duan and his family
449
00:58:17,668 --> 00:58:19,234
many years before I did.
450
00:58:19,234 --> 00:58:21,323
She has a copy
of all the records
451
00:58:21,323 --> 00:58:23,151
from Duan's trial.
452
00:58:23,151 --> 00:58:25,545
She also interviewed
Duan's mom,
453
00:58:25,545 --> 00:58:27,852
who passed away
several years ago.
454
00:58:27,852 --> 00:58:30,028
She was the first person
in the family
455
00:58:30,028 --> 00:58:32,857
who sold babies
to orphanages.
456
00:58:32,857 --> 00:58:35,076
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
457
00:58:41,605 --> 00:58:43,128
[IN MANDARIN]
458
00:58:43,128 --> 00:58:44,956
NANFU:
459
00:58:56,184 --> 00:58:57,621
[NANFU SPEAKS IN MANDARIN]Hmm.
460
00:58:57,621 --> 00:58:58,752
NANFU:
Mm.
461
00:59:06,543 --> 00:59:08,675
NANFU:
Mm.
462
00:59:08,675 --> 00:59:10,590
[NANFU SPEAKS IN MANDARIN]
463
00:59:34,788 --> 00:59:35,920
NANFU:
Hmm.
464
00:59:51,544 --> 00:59:53,938
And so the orphanage
will hire--
465
00:59:53,938 --> 00:59:55,243
Not officially hire,
466
00:59:55,243 --> 00:59:58,899
but will create
a recruiting network
467
00:59:58,899 --> 01:00:03,904
of doctors, midwives,
foster families, whatever.
468
01:00:03,904 --> 01:00:06,994
You know?
Anybody that can--
469
01:00:06,994 --> 01:00:10,345
Can locate and bring children
into the orphanage.
470
01:00:10,345 --> 01:00:12,521
When those children
come into the orphanage,
471
01:00:12,521 --> 01:00:14,828
then, of course,
the orphanage then needs
472
01:00:14,828 --> 01:00:16,656
to fabricate
their information,
473
01:00:16,656 --> 01:00:20,617
say, "Oh, yeah, let's pick
the third middle school today."
474
01:00:20,617 --> 01:00:22,967
You know, and they'll tell
the adopted family,
475
01:00:22,967 --> 01:00:25,404
"Your child was found
at the third middle school."
476
01:00:25,404 --> 01:00:28,668
Um, when, in fact, they were
never actually found at all.
477
01:00:28,668 --> 01:00:31,889
So, what the orphanages will do
is they'll make an agreement
478
01:00:31,889 --> 01:00:34,152
with their local police station
and say,
479
01:00:34,152 --> 01:00:37,677
"Okay, we're going to bring
over these finding reports,
480
01:00:37,677 --> 01:00:41,115
"and we need you to stamp it
and sign it,
481
01:00:41,115 --> 01:00:42,726
"and we'll pay you 50 yuan
or whatever
482
01:00:42,726 --> 01:00:43,988
for each one that we do."
483
01:00:43,988 --> 01:00:47,121
[♪♪]
484
01:00:47,121 --> 01:00:49,080
The finding ads are published
in newspapers
485
01:00:49,080 --> 01:00:50,821
that nobody ever reads.
486
01:00:50,821 --> 01:00:52,736
You know, basically,
they're just a photo
487
01:00:52,736 --> 01:00:55,695
with some information
about the child,
488
01:00:55,695 --> 01:00:58,132
their gender,
their health status,
489
01:00:58,132 --> 01:01:00,265
where they
were supposedly found,
490
01:01:00,265 --> 01:01:02,441
how old, their birth dates,
and so on.
491
01:01:02,441 --> 01:01:05,139
And then, at the bottom
of the finding ad it says,
492
01:01:05,139 --> 01:01:08,447
"The birth family has 60 days
to retrieve the child,
493
01:01:08,447 --> 01:01:10,928
or the child will be submitted
for adoption."
494
01:01:16,847 --> 01:01:20,024
NANFU:
Looking at the finding ads
in the newspapers,
495
01:01:20,024 --> 01:01:22,635
I wondered
about each baby's story.
496
01:01:22,635 --> 01:01:25,333
If they weren't orphans,
497
01:01:25,333 --> 01:01:27,684
were they given to matchmakers
like my own cousin?
498
01:01:31,775 --> 01:01:34,386
I found many sets of twins.
499
01:01:34,386 --> 01:01:38,259
Most of them
probably were separated,
500
01:01:38,259 --> 01:01:40,479
and they don't even know
that they have a twin
501
01:01:40,479 --> 01:01:42,568
somewhere in the world.
502
01:01:51,055 --> 01:01:53,579
LAN [IN MANDARIN]:
503
01:01:59,585 --> 01:02:01,413
BRIAN:
When you take that information
504
01:02:01,413 --> 01:02:04,111
from all the children
and you collate it together,
505
01:02:04,111 --> 01:02:06,374
you can begin
to see patterns.
506
01:02:06,374 --> 01:02:08,507
This is the location
that the orphanage
507
01:02:08,507 --> 01:02:10,161
told the adoptive families
508
01:02:10,161 --> 01:02:11,728
where their child was found.
509
01:02:11,728 --> 01:02:14,643
And so you can see--
Orphanage gate,
510
01:02:14,643 --> 01:02:18,169
civil affairs, orphanage,
civil affairs, orphanage.
511
01:02:18,169 --> 01:02:19,518
It's clear that, you know,
512
01:02:19,518 --> 01:02:21,172
they're making up
the information,
513
01:02:21,172 --> 01:02:23,130
because they're using
the same locations
514
01:02:23,130 --> 01:02:24,784
over and over
and over again.
515
01:02:24,784 --> 01:02:26,351
LAN [IN MANDARIN]:
516
01:02:37,188 --> 01:02:39,059
[LAN RECITING NAMES]
517
01:02:50,505 --> 01:02:53,117
BRIAN:
It used to be that
family planning would come in
518
01:02:53,117 --> 01:02:55,119
if you had
an over-quota child,
519
01:02:55,119 --> 01:02:56,990
and they'd bash down
your house
520
01:02:56,990 --> 01:03:00,341
or they'd take a pig
or, you know, do something.
521
01:03:00,341 --> 01:03:01,690
Once the orphanage joined
522
01:03:01,690 --> 01:03:03,867
the international
adoption program,
523
01:03:03,867 --> 01:03:05,477
that changed.
524
01:03:05,477 --> 01:03:08,741
And so now they saw kind
of a win-win situation going
525
01:03:08,741 --> 01:03:11,178
where the family planning
would go in
526
01:03:11,178 --> 01:03:14,138
and take the child
that wasn't registered,
527
01:03:14,138 --> 01:03:15,835
turn it in to the orphanage,
528
01:03:15,835 --> 01:03:18,795
the orphanage would reward
the family planning officials,
529
01:03:18,795 --> 01:03:21,885
and then adopt
that child internationally.
530
01:03:24,409 --> 01:03:27,238
NANFU:
I lived in China
until I was 26,
531
01:03:27,238 --> 01:03:29,849
but I'd never heard
that government officials
532
01:03:29,849 --> 01:03:33,766
were confiscating babies
during the One-Child Policy.
533
01:03:33,766 --> 01:03:35,768
I was shocked
when Brian said
534
01:03:35,768 --> 01:03:38,205
the story was uncovered
years ago
535
01:03:38,205 --> 01:03:41,252
when I was still living
in China.
536
01:03:41,252 --> 01:03:43,863
This was me back then.
537
01:03:45,517 --> 01:03:47,171
Throughout my life,
538
01:03:47,171 --> 01:03:49,956
I was taught to believe
the love of my country
539
01:03:49,956 --> 01:03:51,915
was equal
to love of the government
540
01:03:51,915 --> 01:03:54,569
and the party.
541
01:03:54,569 --> 01:03:57,268
Now, when I look back
at this time in my life,
542
01:03:57,268 --> 01:04:00,358
I'm amazed at my ignorance.
543
01:04:04,623 --> 01:04:06,538
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
544
01:04:10,585 --> 01:04:13,850
The Chinese government
exerted a lot of influence
545
01:04:13,850 --> 01:04:15,939
to suppress the story.
546
01:04:15,939 --> 01:04:21,292
Threatened the newspaper,
threatened the reporter.
547
01:04:21,292 --> 01:04:23,947
the reporter ended up having
to leave China, you know,
548
01:04:23,947 --> 01:04:26,253
because of that kind
of stuff.
549
01:04:26,253 --> 01:04:28,734
NANFU:
I e-mailed the journalist,
550
01:04:28,734 --> 01:04:30,910
who is in exile
in Hong Kong,
551
01:04:30,910 --> 01:04:33,608
and asked
if he could meet me.
552
01:04:33,608 --> 01:04:37,003
He agreed, but only if we meet in a hotel,
553
01:04:37,003 --> 01:04:39,484
because he didn't want
to reveal his address.
554
01:04:41,007 --> 01:04:43,314
[♪♪]
555
01:04:44,924 --> 01:04:47,840
PANG [IN MANDARIN]:
556
01:04:56,066 --> 01:04:58,416
NANFU:
Pang had extensive evidence.
557
01:04:58,416 --> 01:05:00,592
He and a colleague
had taken cameras
558
01:05:00,592 --> 01:05:03,856
to Hunan Province in 2010.
559
01:05:03,856 --> 01:05:07,381
The government had targeted
families in Longhui County,
560
01:05:07,381 --> 01:05:11,298
one of the poorest places
in all of China.
561
01:05:11,298 --> 01:05:13,387
[DOGS BARKING]
562
01:05:13,387 --> 01:05:14,649
WOMAN [IN MANDARIN]:
563
01:05:24,050 --> 01:05:26,183
MAN [IN MANDARIN]:
564
01:05:30,622 --> 01:05:33,233
MAN:
565
01:05:33,233 --> 01:05:35,148
ZHOU:
566
01:05:40,284 --> 01:05:41,850
MAN:
567
01:05:50,163 --> 01:05:51,991
MAN:
568
01:05:53,471 --> 01:05:55,212
MAN:
569
01:06:01,305 --> 01:06:03,872
MAN:
570
01:06:07,746 --> 01:06:09,617
YANG:
571
01:06:11,663 --> 01:06:12,925
MAN 1:
572
01:06:12,925 --> 01:06:16,189
MAN 2:
573
01:06:17,451 --> 01:06:20,498
[IN MANDARIN]
574
01:06:20,498 --> 01:06:21,760
MAN:
575
01:06:24,241 --> 01:06:26,765
PANG [IN MANDARIN]:
576
01:06:59,363 --> 01:07:02,888
NANFU:
Growing up, I saw signs
like this everywhere.
577
01:07:02,888 --> 01:07:06,761
[♪♪]
578
01:07:40,926 --> 01:07:43,102
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
579
01:07:48,281 --> 01:07:49,935
[IN MANDARIN]
580
01:08:00,946 --> 01:08:03,253
MAN [IN MANDARIN]:
581
01:08:05,124 --> 01:08:06,256
ZENG [IN MANDARIN]:
582
01:08:09,650 --> 01:08:10,912
NANFU:
Then he showed me footage
583
01:08:10,912 --> 01:08:13,045
of Zeng Shuangjie.
584
01:08:13,045 --> 01:08:15,091
He told me
that Zeng had a twin sister
585
01:08:15,091 --> 01:08:16,788
who was taken away
from the family.
586
01:08:18,877 --> 01:08:20,879
PANG [IN MANDARIN]:
587
01:08:35,372 --> 01:08:37,243
MAN [IN MANDARIN]:
588
01:08:49,908 --> 01:08:54,521
[IN MANDARIN]
589
01:09:12,409 --> 01:09:14,976
NANFU: In Hong Kong, Pang wrote a book
590
01:09:14,976 --> 01:09:17,718
titledThe Orphans of Shao.
591
01:09:17,718 --> 01:09:20,895
He used the twin girl's picture on the cover.
592
01:09:20,895 --> 01:09:23,289
It couldn't be published
in China.
593
01:09:23,289 --> 01:09:25,378
An English version
was published
594
01:09:25,378 --> 01:09:29,121
with the help of a U.S.
nonprofit organization.
595
01:09:30,470 --> 01:09:32,690
[WOMAN ON P.A.
SPEAKING MANDARIN]
596
01:09:32,690 --> 01:09:35,171
[♪♪]
597
01:09:38,086 --> 01:09:41,960
NANFU:
Since Pang's report
was published in 2011,
598
01:09:41,960 --> 01:09:44,397
the situation of the families
in Shaoyang
599
01:09:44,397 --> 01:09:45,920
is basically the same.
600
01:09:45,920 --> 01:09:48,053
There has been
no accountability
601
01:09:48,053 --> 01:09:49,446
for the people responsible.
602
01:09:49,446 --> 01:09:52,100
[DOG BARKING]
603
01:09:52,100 --> 01:09:53,928
[IN MANDARIN]
604
01:09:58,672 --> 01:10:01,762
LAN:FATHER:
605
01:10:01,762 --> 01:10:04,374
LAN:
606
01:10:04,374 --> 01:10:05,853
FATHER:
607
01:10:05,853 --> 01:10:07,290
LAN:
Ah. Oh.
608
01:10:09,248 --> 01:10:10,684
[IN ENGLISH]
609
01:10:23,871 --> 01:10:26,004
ZENG [IN MANDARIN]:
610
01:11:09,874 --> 01:11:12,311
[♪♪]
611
01:11:49,217 --> 01:11:51,785
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
I told Lan the story
about my aunt
612
01:11:51,785 --> 01:11:53,483
and my missing cousin.
613
01:11:53,483 --> 01:11:55,746
She said
she might be able to help.
614
01:12:01,012 --> 01:12:04,537
[IN MANDARIN]
615
01:12:04,537 --> 01:12:05,669
[IN MANDARIN]
616
01:12:41,792 --> 01:12:43,010
Ah.
617
01:13:05,076 --> 01:13:06,991
[BOTH CHUCKLE]
618
01:13:10,603 --> 01:13:13,171
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
After meeting with my aunt,
619
01:13:13,171 --> 01:13:14,912
Lan kept traveling
around China,
620
01:13:14,912 --> 01:13:17,436
gathering DNA from families
621
01:13:17,436 --> 01:13:20,657
to test for matches
with children abroad.
622
01:13:20,657 --> 01:13:23,399
One thing that struck me
was that everyone we spoke to
623
01:13:23,399 --> 01:13:25,923
said the same things
about the policy.
624
01:13:25,923 --> 01:13:27,620
[IN MANDARIN]
625
01:13:27,620 --> 01:13:28,882
[IN MANDARIN]
626
01:13:28,882 --> 01:13:30,449
[IN MANDARIN]
627
01:13:30,449 --> 01:13:32,582
[IN MANDARIN]
628
01:13:32,582 --> 01:13:34,671
[IN MANDARIN]
629
01:13:34,671 --> 01:13:37,021
[IN MANDARIN]
630
01:13:37,021 --> 01:13:38,631
[IN MANDARIN]
631
01:13:44,115 --> 01:13:46,117
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
As I heard the answer
632
01:13:46,117 --> 01:13:48,772
again and again,
"I had no choice",
633
01:13:48,772 --> 01:13:53,254
I realized that you could ask
anyone in any part of China
634
01:13:53,254 --> 01:13:56,432
about how the One-Child Policy
affected them,
635
01:13:56,432 --> 01:13:59,739
and all of them would say
the same thing.
636
01:13:59,739 --> 01:14:01,698
[IN MANDARIN]
637
01:14:01,698 --> 01:14:04,570
[IN MANDARIN]
638
01:14:04,570 --> 01:14:05,876
NANFU:
I was so angry,
639
01:14:05,876 --> 01:14:07,747
even with my own family,
640
01:14:07,747 --> 01:14:11,664
that there wasn't more
to be said or done.
641
01:14:11,664 --> 01:14:14,972
There was such a shared sense
of helplessness.
642
01:14:14,972 --> 01:14:18,584
It reminded me,
when every major life decision
643
01:14:18,584 --> 01:14:21,108
is made for you,
for all your life,
644
01:14:21,108 --> 01:14:24,982
it's hard to feel responsible
for the consequences.
645
01:14:24,982 --> 01:14:27,463
[♪♪]
646
01:14:32,119 --> 01:14:35,471
Long Lan and Brian started
testing the DNA samples
647
01:14:35,471 --> 01:14:38,038
she brought back
from China.
648
01:14:38,038 --> 01:14:41,607
They didn't find my cousin,
but they did discover a match,
649
01:14:41,607 --> 01:14:44,044
a girl in the United States
650
01:14:44,044 --> 01:14:47,439
who is a DNA match
to a family in China.
651
01:14:52,313 --> 01:14:56,143
BRIAN:
This is the list
of all the DNA that we've got.
652
01:14:56,143 --> 01:14:59,799
All of it comes
into GEDMatch Genesis database.
653
01:14:59,799 --> 01:15:02,193
So that--
And that's a free database
654
01:15:02,193 --> 01:15:05,675
that allows us then
to compare our DNA
655
01:15:05,675 --> 01:15:08,721
with all the DNA
in the database.
656
01:15:08,721 --> 01:15:10,941
I was going through,
Lan was doing some work,
657
01:15:10,941 --> 01:15:13,813
I was just going through.
I go through each of the matches
658
01:15:13,813 --> 01:15:16,729
to see if there was any
that were close matches,
659
01:15:16,729 --> 01:15:18,601
and we got to one
of the birth families
660
01:15:18,601 --> 01:15:20,516
and it matched to a girl.
661
01:15:20,516 --> 01:15:23,780
And, of course, I immediately
reached out to the adoptee,
662
01:15:23,780 --> 01:15:26,870
sent her an e-mail
and let her know that, you know,
663
01:15:26,870 --> 01:15:29,394
if she wanted more information,
she could write us.
664
01:15:29,394 --> 01:15:31,222
And then she wrote back
and said,
665
01:15:31,222 --> 01:15:32,919
"Thank you
for reaching out to me.
666
01:15:32,919 --> 01:15:34,834
"At this moment,
I do not want information
667
01:15:34,834 --> 01:15:36,357
"regarding my birth family.
668
01:15:36,357 --> 01:15:38,272
I'm not really interested
at this time."
669
01:15:38,272 --> 01:15:41,101
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
670
01:15:41,101 --> 01:15:43,321
[IN ENGLISH]
671
01:16:10,653 --> 01:16:13,569
NANFU:
Lan told me
that it's actually very common
672
01:16:13,569 --> 01:16:15,788
that adoptees
do not want to contact
673
01:16:15,788 --> 01:16:18,443
their birth families.
674
01:16:18,443 --> 01:16:23,056
This also included the children she located from Hunan Province
675
01:16:23,056 --> 01:16:25,232
who were kidnapped
and sent to orphanages
676
01:16:25,232 --> 01:16:26,451
by the government.
677
01:16:26,451 --> 01:16:27,974
LAN [IN ENGLISH]:
678
01:16:31,848 --> 01:16:34,328
[IN MANDARIN]
679
01:16:43,468 --> 01:16:45,122
[SIGHS]
680
01:17:54,234 --> 01:17:55,671
[SNIFFLES]
681
01:18:05,637 --> 01:18:07,073
[IN ENGLISH]:
Okay.
682
01:18:16,648 --> 01:18:18,084
Mm.
683
01:18:19,477 --> 01:18:21,044
[SNIFFLES]
684
01:18:25,831 --> 01:18:27,615
Um...
685
01:18:50,900 --> 01:18:52,815
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
After leaving Utah,
686
01:18:52,815 --> 01:18:57,254
I decided to take another trip
to China with my son.
687
01:18:57,254 --> 01:18:59,473
I wanted to follow up
with the twin girl
688
01:18:59,473 --> 01:19:01,519
whose sister is in America.
689
01:19:01,519 --> 01:19:04,740
I brought the book written by the journalist in Hong Kong.
690
01:19:06,959 --> 01:19:11,094
While there was no DNA match
for Zeng and her twin sister,
691
01:19:11,094 --> 01:19:13,574
her story
had already been made public.
692
01:19:13,574 --> 01:19:16,882
An American journalist
located her twin sister
693
01:19:16,882 --> 01:19:18,884
in the United States.
694
01:19:24,237 --> 01:19:26,762
[IN MANDARIN]
695
01:19:39,818 --> 01:19:42,212
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
696
01:19:42,212 --> 01:19:45,868
ZENG:
697
01:19:47,347 --> 01:19:49,001
PANG:
698
01:19:49,001 --> 01:19:50,568
ZENG:
699
01:19:50,568 --> 01:19:51,874
PANG:
700
01:19:51,874 --> 01:19:53,876
ZENG:PANG:
701
01:19:53,876 --> 01:19:55,007
ZENG:
702
01:20:05,496 --> 01:20:08,368
[IN MANDARIN]
703
01:20:29,476 --> 01:20:33,219
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
While the American family did not want to be interviewed,
704
01:20:33,219 --> 01:20:35,831
Zeng and her twin sister connected through social media.
705
01:20:37,702 --> 01:20:39,443
ZENG [IN MANDARIN]:
706
01:20:58,854 --> 01:21:01,291
NANFU [IN MANDARIN]:
707
01:21:02,509 --> 01:21:05,251
[IN MANDARIN]
708
01:21:05,251 --> 01:21:06,513
NANFU:
709
01:21:15,087 --> 01:21:16,959
NANFU:
710
01:21:18,656 --> 01:21:19,831
NANFU:
Mm.
711
01:21:26,359 --> 01:21:28,492
Mm...
712
01:21:28,492 --> 01:21:30,407
NANFU:
713
01:21:35,325 --> 01:21:36,630
NANFU:
Mm.
714
01:21:46,336 --> 01:21:47,815
NANFU:
715
01:21:49,208 --> 01:21:50,557
NANFU:
716
01:21:51,645 --> 01:21:52,820
[NANFU CHUCKLES]
717
01:21:56,476 --> 01:21:57,738
NANFU:
718
01:21:57,738 --> 01:21:59,305
[CHUCKLES]
719
01:22:03,875 --> 01:22:05,355
NANFU:
720
01:22:09,576 --> 01:22:11,056
Mm.
721
01:22:14,581 --> 01:22:16,757
NANFU:
722
01:22:22,589 --> 01:22:24,504
[BOTH CHUCKLE]
723
01:22:38,649 --> 01:22:42,566
[♪♪]
724
01:22:50,008 --> 01:22:51,705
NANFU [IN ENGLISH]:
Many years ago,
725
01:22:51,705 --> 01:22:54,970
I felt embarrassed
for having a brother.
726
01:22:57,146 --> 01:22:58,538
But now I feel lucky
727
01:22:58,538 --> 01:23:00,236
that I had someone
to grow up with.
728
01:23:02,107 --> 01:23:05,502
I want my son
to have a sibling like I did,
729
01:23:05,502 --> 01:23:09,245
but I want that decision
to be my own.
730
01:23:09,245 --> 01:23:12,465
I'm struck by the irony
that I left a country
731
01:23:12,465 --> 01:23:14,990
where the government
forced women to abort,
732
01:23:14,990 --> 01:23:17,296
and I moved
to another country
733
01:23:17,296 --> 01:23:21,300
where governments
restrict abortions.
734
01:23:21,300 --> 01:23:24,303
On the surface,
they seem like opposites,
735
01:23:24,303 --> 01:23:27,480
but both are about
taking away women's control
736
01:23:27,480 --> 01:23:29,700
of their own bodies.
737
01:23:39,623 --> 01:23:44,628
The One-Child Policy lasted
for 35 years.
738
01:23:44,628 --> 01:23:47,283
Now there aren't enough
young people in China
739
01:23:47,283 --> 01:23:50,025
to work and care
for the elderly.
740
01:23:51,983 --> 01:23:56,509
So China is introducing
a new family planning policy.
741
01:24:12,351 --> 01:24:14,397
The signs painted
all over my village
742
01:24:14,397 --> 01:24:15,528
have been changed.
743
01:24:18,140 --> 01:24:20,620
Every trace
of the One-Child Policy
744
01:24:20,620 --> 01:24:22,231
is being erased.
745
01:24:27,279 --> 01:24:29,673
WOMEN [SINGING IN MANDARIN]:
746
01:24:41,380 --> 01:24:44,296
NANFU:
But the memory
of what the policy really was
747
01:24:44,296 --> 01:24:46,559
survives in the minds
of people who lived it.
748
01:24:47,952 --> 01:24:49,388
If these memories
749
01:24:49,388 --> 01:24:51,738
of the One-Child Policy
fade away,
750
01:24:51,738 --> 01:24:55,133
the only thing left
will be propaganda.
751
01:24:57,657 --> 01:25:00,007
[IN MANDARIN]
752
01:25:06,449 --> 01:25:09,930
ALL:
753
01:25:11,236 --> 01:25:13,108
[MUSIC RESUMES PLAYING]
754
01:25:30,255 --> 01:25:31,517
[MUSIC FADES]
755
01:25:34,129 --> 01:25:36,957
[♪♪]
48943
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